FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Uhlich, GA Cooke, PH Solomon, EB AF Uhlich, GA Cooke, PH Solomon, EB TI Analyses of the red-dry-rough phenotype of an Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strain and its role in biofilm formation and resistance to antibacterial agents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; AGGREGATIVE BEHAVIOR; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING; CURLI EXPRESSION; STAINLESS-STEEL; CSGD PROMOTER; FOOD-INDUSTRY; CELLS; ENTERITIDIS AB In a previous study, we identified Congo red-binding and -nonbinding phase variants of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 strain ATCC 43895. The Congo red-binding variant, strain 438950R, produced a dry, aggregative colony that was similar to the red, dry, and rough (rdar) phenotype characteristic of certain strains of Salmonella. In contrast, variant 43895OW produced a smooth and white colony morphology. In this study, we show that, similar to rdar strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, strain 438950R forms large aggregates in broth cultures, firm pellicles at the air-medium interface on glass, and dense biofilms on glass and polystyrene. However, unlike S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, strain 43895OR does not stain positive for cellulose production. When strain 43895OR was fixed on agar, scanning electron microscopy showed cells expressing extracellular matrix (ECM) containing curli fibers. Strain 43895OW was devoid of any ECM or curli fibers on agar but showed expression of curli fibers during attachment to glass. Strain 438950R produced > 4-fold-larger amounts of biofilm than strain 43895OW on polystyrene, glass, stainless steel, and Teflon; formation was > 3-fold higher in rich medium than in nutrient-limited medium. Biofilm-associated cells of both strains showed statistically greater resistance (P < 0.05) to hydrogen peroxide and quaternary ammonium sanitizer than their respective planktonic cells. This study shows that the rdar phenotype of E. coli O157:H7 strain 43895OR is important in multicellular growth, biofilm formation, and resistance to sanitizers. However, the lack of cellulose production by strain 43895OR indicates important differences in the ECM composition compared to that of Salmonella. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. DuPont Chem Solut Enterprise, Expt Stn Lab, Wilmington, DE USA. RP USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM guhlich@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2564 EP 2572 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.4.2564-2572.2006 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 032BR UT WOS:000236749400037 PM 16597958 ER PT J AU Bearson, SMD Bearson, BL Rasmussen, MA AF Bearson, SMD Bearson, BL Rasmussen, MA TI Identification of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genes important for survival in the swine gastric environment SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; SIGNATURE-TAGGED MUTAGENESIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; STRESS TOLERANCE; VIRULENCE GENES; SHOCK PROTEINS; ORGANIC-ACIDS AB Since the stomach is a first line of defense for the host against ingested microorganisms, an ex vivo swine stomach contents (SSC) assay was developed to search for genes important for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium survival in the hostile gastric environment. Initial characterization of the SSC assay (pH 3.87) using previously identified, acid-sensitive serovar Typhimurium mutants revealed a 10-fold decrease in survival for a phoP mutant following 20 min of challenge and no survival for mutants of rpoS or fur. To identify additional genes, a signature tagged mutagenesis bank was constructed and screened in the SSC assay. Nineteen mutants were identified and individually analyzed in the SSC and acid tolerance response assays; 13 mutants exhibited a 10-fold or greater sensitivity in the SSC assay compared to the wild-type strain, but only 3 mutants displayed a 10-fold or greater decrease in survival following pH 3.0 acidic challenge. Further examination determined that the lethal effects of the SSC are pH dependent but that low pH is not the sole killing mechanism(s). Gas chromatography analysis of the SSC revealed lactic acid levels of 126 mM. Upon investigating the effects of lactic acid on serovar Typhimurium survival in a synthetic gastric fluid, not only was a concentration- and time-dependent lethal effect observed, but the phoP, rpoS, fur, and pnp genes were identified as involved in protection against lactic acid exposure. These studies indicate a role in gastric survival for several serovar Typhimurium genes and imply that the stomach environment is defined by more than low pH. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bearson, SMD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM sbearson@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 46 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2829 EP 2836 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.4.2829-2836.2006 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 032BR UT WOS:000236749400068 PM 16597989 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Dong, SL Garrett, W Rousseau, GM Moineau, S Pritchard, DG AF Donovan, DM Dong, SL Garrett, W Rousseau, GM Moineau, S Pritchard, DG TI Peptidoglycan hydrolase fusions maintain their parental specificities SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; LYTIC ENZYMES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GENOME SEQUENCE; BACTERIOPHAGE; LYSOSTAPHIN; THERMOPHILUS AB The increased incidence of bacterial antibiotic resistance has led to a renewed search for novel antimicrobials. Avoiding the use of broad-range antimicrobials through the use of specific peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins) might reduce the incidence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are human pathogens and also cause mastitis in dairy cattle. The ultimate goal of this work is to create transgenic cattle that are resistant to mastitis through the expression of an antimicrobial protein(s) in their milk. Toward this end, two novel antimicrobials were produced. The (i) full-length and (ii).182-amino-acid, C-terminally truncated S. agalactiae bacteriophage B30 endolysins were fused to the mature lysostaphin protein of Staphylococcus simulans. Both fusions display lytic specificity for streptococcal pathogens and S. aureus. The full lytic ability of the truncated B30 protein also suggests that the SH3b domain at the C terminus is dispensable. The fusions are active in a milk-like environment. They are also active against some lactic acid bacteria used to make cheese and yogurt, but their lytic activity is destroyed by pasteurization (63 degrees C for 30 min). Immunohistochemical studies indicated that the fusion proteins can be expressed in cultured mammalian cells with no obvious deleterious effects on the cells, making it a strong candidate for use in future transgenic mice and cattle. Since the fusion peptidoglycan hydrolase also kills multiple human pathogens, it also may prove useful as a highly selective, multipathogen-targeting antimicrobial agent that could potentially reduce the use of broad-range antibiotics in fighting clinical infections. C1 USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, ANRI, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Laval, Fac Med Dent, Dept Biochim & Microbiol,Felix Herelle Reference, Fac Sci & Genie,Grp Rech Ecol Buccale, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, ANRI, ARS, Bldg 230,Room 104,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ddonovan@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Moineau, Sylvain/N-3578-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 054897, R21 AI054897] NR 54 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2988 EP 2996 DI 10.1128/AEM.74.4.2988-2996.2006 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 032BR UT WOS:000236749400085 PM 16598006 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Morrison, WH Akin, DE Barton, FE AF Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Morrison, WH Akin, DE Barton, FE TI Partial least squares regression calibration for determining wax content in processed flax fiber by near-infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; NIRS; partial least squares; PLS; principal component analysis; PCA; flax fiber; wax ID NIR SPECTROSCOPY; SHIVE CONTENT; PILOT-PLANT; YARN AB The quality of flax fiber in the textile industry is closely related to the wax content remaining on the fiber after the cleaning process. Extraction by organic solvents, which is currently used for determining wax content, is very time consuming and produces chemical waste. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used as a rapid analytical technique to develop models for wax content associated with flax fiber. Calibration samples (n = 11) were prepared by manually mixing dewaxed fiber and isolated wax to provide a range of wax content front 0 to 5%. A total of fourteen flax fiber samples obtained after a cleaning process were used for prediction. Principal component analysis demonstrated that one principal component is enough to separate the flax fibers by their wax content. The most highly correlated wavelengths were 2312, 2352, 1732, and 1766 nm, in order of significance. Partial least squares models were developed with various chemometric preprocessing approaches to obtain the best model performance. Two models, one using the entire region (1100-2498 nm) and the other using the selected wavelengths, were developed and the accuracies compared. For the model using the entire region, the correlation coefficient (RI) between actual and predicted values was 0.996 and the standard error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.289%. For the selected-wavelengths model, the RI was 0.997 and RMSEP was 0.272%. The results suggested that NIR spectroscopy can be used to determine wax content in very clean flax fiber and that development of a low-cost device, using few wavelengths, should be possible. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM msohn@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1366/000370206776593663 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 033ED UT WOS:000236828500014 PM 16613641 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Liow, PS Chan, WK Ksander, GG Getsinger, KD AF Spencer, DF Liow, PS Chan, WK Ksander, GG Getsinger, KD TI Estimating Arundo donax shoot biomass SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE non-destructive method; giant reed; invasive plant ID ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; FORESTS AB We developed an equation for estimating Arundo donax shoot dry weight from shoot length. The equation, shoot dry weight (g) = 14.254 (standard error = +/- 0.275) x shoot height(2) (m), was as effective at explaining a high proportion of total variation in shoot dry weight (R(2) = 0.90) as more complicated equations containing additional morphometric parameters. Tested against two independent datasets, the equation provided accurate estimates of dry weight for shoots ranging from 0.3 to 7.06 m height (dataset 1, P < 0.0001, R(2) = 0.87, N= 29; dataset 2, P < 0.0001, R(2) = 0.82, N = 192). The equation provides aboveground biomass estimates from stem counts and heights more rapidly than harvest methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Exot & Invasive Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAERDC, CEERD EP P, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Exot & Invasive Weeds Res Unit, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dfspencer@ucdavis.edu NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD APR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.11.004 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 019UD UT WOS:000235861300013 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Perera, OP Strong, CA AF Valles, SM Perera, OP Strong, CA TI Gene structure and expression of the glutathione S-transferase, SiGSTS1, from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; glutathione S-transferase; gene expression ID IDENTIFICATION; POLYGYNE; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; BEHAVIOR; CLONING; LARVAE; PCR AB The structural organization and developmental expression of a previously described glutathione S-transferase cDNA from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, were elucidated. The gene was previously named Solenopsis invicta, glutathione S-transferase, sigma class no. 1 (SiGSTS1). Comparison of genomic and cDNA sequences showed that the gene was comprised of 5 exons and 4 introns. All of the introns possessed the 5'GT and 3'AG splicing sites characteristic of eukaryotes. The comparative C-T method of quantitative-polymerase chain reaction was employed to examine the developmental expression of the SiGSTS1 transcript in monogyne and polygyne S. invicta. Polygyne queen and late instars exhibited 3.5- and 4.7-fold increased expression of SiGSTS1, respectively, compared with pupae. Early instars (13.1-fold) and workers (9.6-fold) exhibited the highest, and statistically significant, levels of expression of all polygyne developmental stages examined. A similar pattern of expression was observed for the monogyne social form. However, the queen showed the lowest expression level, followed by pupae (1.2-fold), late larvae (5.8-fold), early larvae (9.4-fold), and workers (10.1-fold). No differences were observed in the SiGSTS1 gene sequences between fire ant social forms. Although obviously developmentally expressed, the function of SiGSTS1 in S. invicta is not known. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:239-245, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley-Uss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1002/arch.20116 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 032CD UT WOS:000236750600005 PM 16552769 ER PT J AU Perozo, F Villegas, P Estevez, C Alvarado, I Purvis, LB AF Perozo, F Villegas, P Estevez, C Alvarado, I Purvis, LB TI Use of FTA (R) filter paper for the molecular detection of Newcastle disease virus SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FUSION PROTEIN; CLEAVAGE SITE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; RNA; GENE; PCR; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCE; STORAGE AB The feasibility of using Flinders Technology Associates filter papers ( FTA((R)) cards) to collect allantoic fluid and chicken tissue samples for Newcastle disease virus ( NDV) molecular detection was evaluated. Trizol((R)) RNA extraction and one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) were used. FTA((R)) cards allowed NDV identification from allantoic fluid with a titre of 10(5.8) median embryo lethal doses/ml. The inactivated virus remained stable on the cards for 15 days. NDV was detected from FTA((R)) imprints of the trachea, lung, caecal tonsil and cloacal faeces of experimentally infected birds. RT-PCR detection from FTA((R)) cards was confirmed by homologous frozen-tissue RT-PCR and virus isolation. Direct nucleotide sequence of the amplified F gene allowed prediction of NDV virulence. No virus isolation was possible from the FTA((R)) inactivated samples, indicating viral inactivation upon contact. The FTA((R)) cards are suitable for collecting and transporting NDV-positive samples, providing a reliable source of RNA for molecular characterization and a hazard-free sample. C1 Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Perozo, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pedrov@uga.edu NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 93 EP U5 DI 10.1080/03079450600597410 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 029PM UT WOS:000236576800003 PM 16595299 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL Kaiser, P Rothwell, L Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, CL Kaiser, P Rothwell, L Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH TI Heterophil cytokine mRNA profiles from genetically distinct lines of chickens with differential heterophil-mediated innate immune responses SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; PLATELET PROTEIN; ORGAN INVASION; MAREKS-DISEASE; CARRIER-STATE AB Previously we demonstrated that increased in-vitro heterophil function translates to increased in-vivo resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infections in broilers ( line A > B). Heterophils produce cytokines and modulate acute protection against Salmonella in neonatal poultry. We hypothesized that heterophils from S. enteritidis-resistant chickens produce an up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response compared with S. enteritidis-susceptible chickens. In this study, heterophils were isolated 1, 14, and 28 days post-hatch, treated with RPMI or phagocytic agonists, and the cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression assessed using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. At all time-points, heterophils from S. enteritidis-resistant chickens ( line A) had higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression upon stimulation compared with heterophils from S. enteritidis-susceptible chickens ( line B). Furthermore, heterophils from line A chickens had decreased mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta 4, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, compared with line B. These data indicate a relationship between cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression by heterophils and determining overall immune competence. Therefore, heterophil functional efficiency, accompanied by evaluating cytokine/chemokines produced by heterophils, may be useful biomarkers for breeders to consider when developing new immunocompetent lines. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 59 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 102 EP U9 DI 10.1080/03079450600597535 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 029PM UT WOS:000236576800005 PM 16595301 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Lee, CW Spackman, E AF Swayne, DE Lee, CW Spackman, E TI Inactivated North American and European H5N2 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens from Asian H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; A VIRUS; EFFICACY; NEURAMINIDASE; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS; BIRDS; FACE AB High-pathogenicity ( HP) avian influenza ( AI) virus of the H5N1 subtype has caused an unprecedented epizootic in birds within nine Asian countries/regions since it was first reported in 1996. Vaccination has emerged as a tool for use in managing the infection in view of future eradication. This study was undertaken to determine whether two divergent H5N2 commercial vaccine strains, one based on a European and the other a North American low-pathogenicity AI virus, could protect chickens against a recent Asian H5N1 HPAI virus. The North American and European vaccine viruses had 84 and 91% deduced amino acid sequence similarity to the HA1 segment of haemagglutinin protein of Indonesia H5N1 HPAI challenge virus, respectively. Both vaccine strains provided complete protection from clinical signs and death. The vaccines reduced the number of chickens infected and shedding virus from the respiratory and intestinal tracts at the peak of virus replication. In addition, the quantity of virus shed was reduced by 10(4) to 10(5) median embryo infectious doses. The use of specific neuraminidase inhibition tests allowed identification of infected chickens within the vaccinated groups. These data indicate that the currently available H5 vaccines of European and North American lineages will protect chickens against the Asian H5N1 HPAI virus and reduce environmental contamination by the H5N1 HPAI virus. They will be an adjunct to biosecurity measures to reduce virus transmission. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 35 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 141 EP U20 DI 10.1080/03079450600597956 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 029PM UT WOS:000236576800011 PM 16595307 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Pike, KS Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA AF Chen, Y Pike, KS Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA TI Molecular markers for identification of the hyperparasitoids Dendrocerus carpenteri and Alloxysta xanthopsis in Lysiphlebus testaceipes parasitizing cereal aphids SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE 16S RNA; aphididae; braconidae; charipidae; homoptera; hymenoptera; megaspilidae; mtDNA; PCR; primary parasitoid; secondary parasitoid ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; APHELINUS HYMENOPTERA; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; ASAPHES-LUCENS; WINTER-WHEAT; HOMOPTERA AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular markers have been developed to detect the presence of primary parasitoids in cereal aphids and used to estimate primary parasitism rates. However, the presence of secondary parasitoids (hyperparasitoids) may lead to underestimates of primary parasitism rates based on PCR markers. This is because even though they kill the primary parasitoid, it's DNA can still be amplified, leading to an erroneous interpretation of a positive result. Another issue with secondary parasitoids is that adults are extremely difficult to identify using morphological characters. Therefore, we developed species-specific molecular markers to detect hyperparasitoids. A 16S ribosomal RNA mitochondrial gene fragment was amplified by PCR and sequenced from two secondary parasitoid species, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) and Alloxysta xanthopsis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Charipidae), four geographic isolates of the primary parasitoid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and six aphid species common to cereal crops. Species-specific PCR primers were designed for each insect on the basis of these 16S rRNA gene sequences. Amplification of template DNA, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully distinguished D. carpenteri and A. xanthopsis from all four isolates of L. testaceipes and all six cereal aphid species in this laboratory test. C1 USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Alderson Broaddus Coll, Div Nat Sci, Philippi, WV 26416 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Kevin.Shufran@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-1518-0 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 038VH UT WOS:000237257100002 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW Porter, SD AF Morrison, LW Porter, SD TI Post-release host-specificity testing of Pseudacteon tricuspis, a phorid parasitoid of Solenopsis invicta fire ants SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; host specificity; nontarget effects; Pseudacteon tricuspis; Solenopsis invicta ID DECAPITATING FLIES DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; GEMINATA HYMENOPTERA; BIOCONTROL; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACTS; INTRODUCTIONS AB Inherent in any biological control program is the risk of nontarget effects. Pseudacteon tricuspisBorgmeier, a parasitoid phorid fly, has been introduced to the United States from South America as a potential biocontrol agent of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invictaBuren. We conducted tests of host specificity on introduced populations of P. tricuspis, which are attracted to alarm pheromones released by their hosts during events such as mound disturbances and interspecific interactions. We monitored disturbed mounds of S. invicta and its close congener, S. geminata(F.), during the expansion of P. tricuspis across north Florida and after populations had been established for similar to 3 years. We also tested host acceptance in established populations of P. tricuspis by offering trays containing S. invicta, S. geminata, and 14 additional ant species representing 12 different non-Solenopsis genera. Although P. tricuspiswas commonly observed to hover over and attempt to oviposit on S. invicta, we never observed any parasitization attempts on any other ant species. As predicted by laboratory tests, released populations of P. tricuspis appear to be highly host specific and pose no obvious threat to nontarget species. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM LloydMorrison@MissouriState.edu RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-4655-y PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 038VH UT WOS:000237257100003 ER PT J AU Vazquez, RJ Porter, SD Briano, JA AF Vazquez, RJ Porter, SD Briano, JA TI Field release and establishment of the decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus on red imported fire ants in Florida SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; biotype; decapitating phorid fly; Pseudacteon; Solenopsis ID FLIES DIPTERA PHORIDAE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; SOUTH-AMERICA; PARASITOIDS; TRICUSPIS; ARGENTINA; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Decapitating phorid flies in the genus Pseudacteon are being studied as classical biological control agents of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) is a small decapitating fly that attacks small fire ant workers. We released a biotype of P. curvatus from Formosa, Argentina, at three sites near Gainesville, FL. Field releases were conducted in the spring and summer of 2003 and monitored monthly. Flies were discovered within 5 weeks at the spring site and then monthly thereafter. By late spring 2004, flies released at this site had expanded 1.6 km both north and south and about 0.8 km westward. Initially, we found no flies from the two summer 2003 releases but we were successful at finding them 8 months after release during spring 2004. This paper documents the first successful release(s) of P. curvatus on red imported fire ants in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Vazquez, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 14565,1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM rickyv@ufl.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-0107-6 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 038VH UT WOS:000237257100004 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Fergen, JK AF Lundgren, JG Fergen, JK TI The oviposition behavior of the predator Orius insidiosus: Acceptability and preference for different plants SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; biological control; Glycine max; Orius insidiosus; reproduction; soybean; weed ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; SITE SELECTION; ARTHROPOD PESTS; ACALYPHA-OSTRYAEFOLIA; NATURAL ENEMIES; SWEET CORN; ANTHOCORIDAE; HEMIPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE; HETEROPTERA AB The ability of natural enemies to reproduce within cropland and effectively suppress pests depends on the presence of plants on which to oviposit within the agroecosystems. Our research investigates the acceptability and preferences of a range of plants for oviposition by the predatory bug Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in the laboratory. Within-plant preferences on pole beans as oviposition sites were evaluated in laboratory choice tests. The acceptability and preference of O. insidiosus females for pole bean, soybean, redroot pigweed, and velvetleaf were evaluated in choice and no-choice tests (respectively) in the laboratory. Observations on the acceptability of green foxtail, orchardgrass, buffalograss, smooth brome, redtop grass, blue grama, and tall fescue for oviposition were also conducted. O. insidiosus preferred to lay its eggs on the petiole and leaflet petioles of pole beans, and did not distinguish among nodes or petioles of different lengths. Although all broadleaved plants were suitable for egg development, the acceptability of these plants differed significantly, with pole beans being most acceptable and almost no eggs being laid on velvetleaf. Preference tests supported the results of the no-choice tests, with pole bean being the most preferred, and no eggs being laid on the velvetleaf. Green foxtail and orchardgrass were the only grass species found to be acceptable to O. insidiosus. The implications of soybean monocultures on the reproductive capacity of and biological control by O. insidiosus are discussed, as are possible mechanisms underlying the decision-making process for oviposition. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-0609-2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 038VH UT WOS:000237257100005 ER PT J AU Canaran, P Stein, L Ware, D AF Canaran, P Stein, L Ware, D TI Look-Align: an interactive web-based multiple sequence alignment viewer with polymorphism analysis support SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Summ.: We have developed Look-Align, an interactive web-based viewer to display pre-computed multiple sequence alignments. Although initially developed to support the visualization needs of the maize diversity website Panzea (http://www.panzea.org), the viewer is a generic stand-alone tool that can be easily integrated into other websites. C1 Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. USDA ARS, NAA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ware, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 885 EP 886 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl028 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 025FU UT WOS:000236251500017 PM 16473875 ER PT J AU Kitchen, AM Knowlton, FF AF Kitchen, AM Knowlton, FF TI Cross-fostering in coyotes: Evaluation of a potential conservation and research tool for canids SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; cross-fostering; litter augmentation ID PARENT-OFFSPRING RECOGNITION; KIN RECOGNITION; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; MEADOW VOLES; MATE CHOICE; BEHAVIOR; MECHANISMS; DOMINANCE AB Cross-fostering has been attempted opportunistically with endangered canids as a means of increasing populations. Due to the usefulness of cross-fostering for conservation, an understanding of factors influencing success rates is essential. Using captive coyotes (Canis latrans) as a model, we assessed the willingness of adult pairs to foster young born to other parents. We assessed the efficacy of fostering pups into existing litters (augmentation) and completely switching litters (replacement). We augmented four litters with two pups of similar age when pups were < 7 days old. In addition, we replaced four entire litters when pups were < 10 days old. We also augmented litters with pups 3-4 and 6-7 weeks of age. Survival, weight gain, and dominance status of pups were monitored for six weeks and compared to four control litters to determine success. All complete litter replacements were successful with survival rates among replaced pups (89.5%) similar to those of control litters (90%). For augmented litters, pup survival was dependent on the age at which fostering occurred. All pups fostered into 4 litters at < 1 week of age survived beyond 6 weeks of age, two of three fostering attempts with 3-4-week-old pups succeeded, while neither of two attempts to foster 6-week-old pups succeeded. Surviving fostered pups appeared to be at no disadvantage. Weight gains were similar for pups in all treatments, and there was no evidence of reduced dominance status among fostered pups as compared to natal pups in the same litters. These results illustrate that genetic relatedness is not essential for successful fostering and does not appear to alter dominance patterns; however the age at which pups are fostered may affect the success of fostering attempts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kitchen, AM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ann.kitchen@usu.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2006 VL 129 IS 2 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.036 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030ST UT WOS:000236655500006 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, R Olson, D Bourchier, R Sears, S Cortilet, A Fauske, G AF Roehrdanz, R Olson, D Bourchier, R Sears, S Cortilet, A Fauske, G TI Mitochondrial DNA diversity and Wolbachia infection in the flea beetle Aphthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae): An introduced biocontrol agent for leafy spurge SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphthona nigriscutis; flea beetles; Wolbachia; biological control; Euphorbia esula; leafy spurge; mitochondrial DNA; genetic variation; mtDNA ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; MTDNA VARIATION; GALL MIDGE; EVOLUTION; ARTHROPODS; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE AB Aphthona nigriscutis is one of several species of Aphthona flea beetles that have been introduced into North America in an effort to control the weed, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). It has been a very effective biological control agent at some locations but not at others. Overall genetic diversity is one parameter that could have an effect on Aphthona establishment at specific locations. We have examined the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA in populations of A. nigriscutis from several North American collection sites. The results indicate that the insects are divided into two mtDNA clades. About 78% of the individuals comprise a clade (A) that has little or no mtDNA diversity. The remaining insects in the other clade (B) display extensive diversity with 15 haplotypes observed. The two subpopulations coexist at most locations. The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia has been discovered in some individuals. About 86% of the individuals from mtDNA clade A tested positive for Wolbachia. Portions of the Wolbachia ftsZ and wspA genes were sequenced and the sequences have been shown to fall within the Wolbachia Supergroup A. None of the insects from clade B appear to be infected. The association of Wolbachia with one, but not both, mtDNA clades of A. nigriscutis may play a role in limiting genetic diversity within beetle populations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. Minnesota Dept Agr, Agr Resources Management & Dev Div, Weed Integrated Pest Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Roehrdanz, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. EM roehrdar@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.12.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 025JE UT WOS:000236260900001 ER PT J AU Adams, BJ Fodor, A Koppenhofer, HS Stackebrandt, E Stock, SP Klein, MG AF Adams, BJ Fodor, A Koppenhofer, HS Stackebrandt, E Stock, SP Klein, MG TI Biodiversity and systematics of nematode-bacterium entomopathogens SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema; Photorhabdus; Xenorhabdus; taxonomy; systematics; evolution; entomopathogenic nematodes; mutualism; symbiosis ID N-SP RHABDITIDA; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE NEMATODES; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; INSECT PATHOGENIC NEMATODES; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA LARVAE; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; DNA REPEAT UNIT; PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS; XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS AB Nematodes are one of the most abundant animals on earth, and bacteria comprise the most biologically and phylogenetically diverse domains of organisms. On at least two separate occasions a soil dwelling nematode and a bacterium have entered into a mutualistic, insecticidal association. From such origins arose two distinct lineages of nematode-bacterium entomopathogens, Steinernema-Xenorhabdus and Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus. Herein, we present a summary and discussion of the known evolutionary diversity and systematics of these two groups relative to other nematodes and bacteria, and their shared evolutionary history. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Genet, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Adams, BJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bjadams@byu.edu RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 206 TC 63 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 32 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.008 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 025JE UT WOS:000236260900005 ER PT J AU Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Pratt, PD Center, TD AF Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Pratt, PD Center, TD TI Interactive association between Puccinia psidii and Oxyops vitiosa, two introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE herbivory; intra-guild competition; oviposition; plant-mediated interaction; rust-pustule densities; rust-insect interaction; rust vectoring ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; MUSK THISTLE HERBIVORES; FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGEN; RUST FUNGUS; MELANOPLUS-DIFFERENTIALIS; SOUTH FLORIDA; HOST-PLANT; INSECTS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE AB The Neotropical rust fungus Puccinia psidii and the Australian weevil Oxyops vitiosa are introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) in south Florida. Both organisms exploit expanding leaves so we sought to investigate the interactions among these natural enemies and their shared host plant melaleuca. Olfactory-response studies showed that the leaves not infected with rust attracted more female weevils. Similarly, adults and late instars consumed higher proportions of rust-free versus rust-diseased leaf tissues in dual-choice tests, while early instars showed no preference. Female weevils preferentially oviposited on rust-free leaves but similar proportions of eggs hatched on either leaf type. No-choice feeding trials on excised leaves showed increased rust-pustule coverage to cause concomitant decreases in larval survivorship. Most larval mortality occurred as 1st and 2nd instars when fed with leaf tissues having >= 50% rust-pustule coverage. Similar trials with whole plants caused lower larval survival on rust-diseased versus rust-free leaves, with greater prepupal weights realized on rust-free leaves. Herbivory on intact plants by O. vitiosa reduced rust-susceptible tissues and rust-pustule densities under both controlled and ambient environmental conditions. These data suggest that P. psidii and O. vitiosa influence each other's life cycle and possibly antagonize each other's effects as biological control agents of M. quinquenervia because both agents compete for newly expanding foliar tissues for colonization, reproduction, and survival during their early stages of development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayamajhi, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM minray@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.013 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 025JE UT WOS:000236260900007 ER PT J AU Fournier, V Hagler, JR Daane, KM de Leon, JH Groves, RL Costa, HS Henneberry, TJ AF Fournier, V Hagler, JR Daane, KM de Leon, JH Groves, RL Costa, HS Henneberry, TJ TI Development and application of a glassy-winged and smoke-tree sharpshooter egg-specific predator gut content ELISA SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE ELISA; Homalodisca coagulata; Homalodisca liturata; Harmonia axyridis; Chrysoperla carnea; leafhopper; Pierce's disease; biological control; predator-prey interactions; gut content analysis; monoclonal antibody ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; TIME-RELATED DECAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; BEMISIA-TABACI; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MEAL SIZE; PREY AB The recent invasion of southern California by the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), has triggered a statewide control effort. Management of GWSS will include biological control using resident and imported natural enemies. Currently, very little information is available on the role of generalist predators in suppression of GWSS eggs, nymphs or adults. We have developed a sharpshooter egg-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) for use as a diagnostic tool for predator gut content analysis. The MAb was tested by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specificity to the different life stages of GWSS, smoke-tree sharpshooter (STSS), Homalodisca liturata Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and various life stages of 27 other arthropod species. We found that the MAb only reacted to the egg stage of both sharpshooters and, to a lesser extent, to the adult stage of gravid GWSS and STSS females. Moreover, the ELISA was more responsive to younger GWSS eggs than older ones. Laboratory trials were conducted to determine how long GWSS egg antigen remained detectable in the guts of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using both an indirect and sandwich ELISA format. We found that GWSS egg antigen was detectable for up to 30 and 12 h in the guts of C carnea and H. axyridis; respectively, and that the sandwich ELISA was much more sensitive than the indirect ELISA. Finally, 98 field-collected lacewings were examined for sharpshooter remains using our sharpshooter-specific sandwich ELISA. The assay detected sharpshooter egg antigen in 8.2% of the lacewings examined. This work represents a first step towards identifying the GWSS predator complex. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Dis & Pests Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.12.015 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 025JE UT WOS:000236260900013 ER PT J AU Chen, WL Leopold, RA Harris, MO AF Chen, WL Leopold, RA Harris, MO TI Parasitism of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera : Cicadellidae): Functional response and superparasitism by Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE functional response; superparasitism; Gonatocerus ashmeadi; Homalodisca coagulata; host age and density; development ID HOST DISCRIMINATION; EGG PARASITOIDS; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB The functional response by the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi, and superparasitism of Homalodisca coagulata eggs were found to be related to host age and density when studied under laboratory conditions. Several aspects relating to parasitism of 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-day-old H. coagulata eggs were measured under varied densities ranging from 1:1 to 1:60 parasitoid to host ratios. The functional response for the parasitoid to host eggs of all age groups closely fit the Type 11 model that describes responses to changing densities. The instantaneous attack rate and handling time of the parasitoid were similar for H. coagidata eggs of various ages. The number of host eggs parasitized varies significantly with host density and age, but not when analyzed by a host age x density interaction. However, host age and density, as well as the host age x density interaction, contribute significantly to the differences found in length of the development time of G. ashmeadi within host eggs. This parasitoid showed a significantly greater tendency toward superparasitism at parasitoid-to-host ratios <= 10:100. The maximum number of parasitoid eggs found in a single host egg was 18. The frequencies of superparasitism for G. ashmeadi display a random distribution over all observed host densities. Our results also suggest G. ashmeadi eliminates the supernumerary parasitoids through physiological suppression. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM leopoldr@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.011 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 025JE UT WOS:000236260900014 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Fuller, P Peterjohn, B Kartesz, J Master, LL AF Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Fuller, P Peterjohn, B Kartesz, J Master, LL TI Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE birds; fish; non-indigenous; non-native; pattern of invasion; plants ID WESTERN AUSTRALIA; GLOBAL PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICA; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ENERGY; SCALE; WATER; CONSERVATION; CLIMATE AB We quantified broad-scale patterns of species richness and species density ( mean # species/km(2)) for native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes in the continental USA and Hawaii. We hypothesized that the species density of native and non-indigenous taxa would generally decrease in northern latitudes and higher elevations following declines in potential evapotranspiration, mean temperature, and precipitation. County data on plants (n = 3004 counties) and birds (n = 3074 counties), and drainage (6 HUC) data on fishes (n = 328 drainages) showed that the densities of native and non-indigenous species were strongly positively correlated for plant species (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001), bird species (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001), and fish species (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression models showed that the densities of native plant and bird species could be strongly predicted (adj. R-2 = 0.66 in both models) at county levels, but fish species densities were less predictable at drainage levels ( adj. R-2 = 0.31, P < 0.0001). Similarly, non-indigenous plant and bird species densities were strongly predictable (adj. R-2 = 0.84 and 0.91 respectively), but non-indigenous fish species density was less predictable (adj. R-2 = 0.38). County level hotspots of native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes were located in low elevation areas close to the coast with high precipitation and productivity ( vegetation carbon). We show that ( 1) native species richness can be moderately well predicted with abiotic factors; ( 2) human populations have tended to settle in areas rich in native species; and ( 3) the richness and density of non-indigenous plant, bird, and fish species can be accurately predicted from biotic and abiotic factors largely because they are positively correlated to native species densities. We conclude that while humans facilitate the initial establishment, invasions of non-indigenous species, the spread and subsequent distributions of non-indigenous species may be controlled largely by environmental factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Coll Sci Ctr, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NatureServ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Coll Sci Ctr, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012; OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126; Fuller, Pam/0000-0002-9389-9144 NR 75 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 427 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-6422-0 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 011ZB UT WOS:000235306900004 ER PT J AU Kelkar, VM Geils, BW Becker, DR Overby, ST Neary, DG AF Kelkar, VM Geils, BW Becker, DR Overby, ST Neary, DG TI How to recover more value from small pine trees: Essential oils and resins SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of IEA Bioenergy Task 31 on Sustainable Production Systems for Bioenergy CY OCT, 2003 CL Flagstall, AZ SP Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy DE essential oils; volatile oils; resins; pine oil; pine needle oil; resource recovery; chemicals AB In recent years, the young dense forests of northern Arizona have suffered extreme droughts, wildfires.. and insect outbreaks. Improving forest health requires reducing forest density by cutting many small-diameter trees with the consequent production of large volumes of residual biomass. To offset the cost of handling this low-value timber, additional marketing options for current operations are urgently needed to recover more value as wood products, energy, and chemicals. Northern Arizona forests are predominantly composed of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) which, besides producing abundant timber, can also yield many useful chemicals such as essential oils and resins. We describe a case study to assess the opportunities, constraints, and information required to integrate recovery of essential oils into forest and mill operations as might be used in northern Arizona. Preliminary results support the proposition there is an available, large supply of biomass with high concentrations of essential oils. The chemistry and process engineering for recovering these essential oils by distillation are well known. The potential output and uses also appear attractive given the substantial United States market for such products. However, less is known of the capability of essential oils extracted from ponderosa pine to compete with products imported from other countries. A more detailed assessment of product uses and further analysis of viable markets and environmental benefits are justified. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Geils, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM bgeils@fs.fed.us RI Becker, Dennis/E-6249-2017 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2006 VL 30 IS 4 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.009 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 027SL UT WOS:000236435600007 ER PT J AU Douds, DD Nagahashi, G Pfeffer, PE Reider, C Kayser, WM AF Douds, DD Nagahashi, G Pfeffer, PE Reider, C Kayser, WM TI On-farm production of AM fungus inoculum in mixtures of compost and vermiculite SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sustainable agriculture; organic agriculture; biofertilizer ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ORGANIC-MATTER; INOCULATION; SOIL; CROPS; METABOLISM; GROWTH; ROOTS; YIELD; L. AB On-farm production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus inoculum can reduce the cost of the inoculum and increase utilization of this symbiosis in plant production. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) seedlings, colonized by AM fungi, were transplanted into raised bed enclosures. Media within the enclosures was vermiculite mixed with either field soil or yard clippings compost in Experiment I and vermiculite mixed with yard clippings compost or dairy manure/leaf compost in Experiment II. Compost and vermiculite mixtures yielded more propagules of AM fungi than soil-based mixtures in Experiment I. Growth of plants in a 1:4 (v/v) mixture of yard clippings compost and vermiculite produced more inoculum (503 propagules cm(-3)) than growth in 1:9 and 3 1:99 (v/v) mixtures (240 and 42 propagules cm(-3), respectively). Water, inorganic nutrient solution minus P, and fish protein digest were added to inoculum production enclosures in Experiment II. Results indicated that supplemental nutrient addition was unnecessary. This method produces a concentrated inoculum of AM fungi in a form readily used as an amendment to horticultural potting media for the production of vegetable seedlings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Rodale Inst, Expt Farm, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ddouds@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.015 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 016PH UT WOS:000235631700003 PM 15990288 ER PT J AU Matsumiya, M Arakane, Y Haga, A Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ AF Matsumiya, M Arakane, Y Haga, A Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ TI Substrate specificity of chitinases from two species of fish, greenling, Hexagrammos otakii, and common mackerel, Scomber japonicus, and the insect, tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chitinase; greenling (Hexagrammos otakii); tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta); substrate specificity; crystalline chitin ID BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE; CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MARINE FISHES; MOLT CYCLE; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; INTEGUMENT; HEMOLYMPH; ISOZYMES AB Three chitinase isozymes, HoChiA, HoChiB, and HoChiC, were purified from the stomach of the greenling, Hexagrammos otakii, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by column chromatography on Chitopearl Basic BL-03 and CM-Toyopearl 650S. The molecular masses and p1s of HoChiA, HoChiB, and HoChiC are 62 kDa and pH 5.7, 51 kDa and pH 7.6, and 47 kDa and pH 8.8, respectively. Substrate specificities of these chitinases were compared with those of another fish stomach chitinase from the common mackerel, Scomber japonicus (SjChi), as well as two from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (MsChi535 and MsChi386). The efficiency parameters, k(cat)/K-m toward glycolchitin for HoChiA and SjChi were larger than those for HoChiB and HoChiC. The relative activities of HoChiA and SjChi toward various forms of chitin were as follows: shrimp shell or crab shell alpha-chitin > beta-chitin >> silkworm cuticle alpha-chitin. On the other hand, the relative activities of HoChiB and HoChiC were beta-chitin >> silkworm alpha-chitin > shrimp and crab alpha-chitin. MsChi535 preferred silkworm alpha-chitin to shrimp and crab alpha-chitins, and no activity was observed toward beta-chitin. MsChi386, which lacked the C-terminal linker region and the chitin-binding domain, did not hydrolyze silkworm alpha-chitin. These results demonstrate that fish and insect chitinases possess unique substrate specificities that are correlated with their physiological roles in the digestion of food or cuticle. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresources Sci, Dept Marine Sci & Resources, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Insect Biomat & Technol Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058634, Japan. RP Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresources Sci, Dept Marine Sci & Resources, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. EM matsumiya@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp NR 40 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 971 EP 979 DI 10.1271/bbb.70.971 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 038KA UT WOS:000237217200028 PM 16636466 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG AF Lawrence, SD Novak, NG TI Expression of poplar chitinase in tomato leads to inhibition of development in colorado potato beetle SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chitinase; herbivore; insect resistance; Lycopersicon esculentum; Populus ID ENHANCED RESISTANCE; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; HYBRID POPLAR; PLANTS; PROTEIN; HERBIVORY; CLONING; GENE; INDUCTION; MEMBRANE AB The previously described poplar chitinase, WIN6, is induced during infestation by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae, thus suggesting a role in defense against insect pests. To test this hypothesis, we produced tomato seedlings infected with a recombinant potato virus X (PVX), which produces WIN6, and tested its insecticidal properties on Colorado potato beetle [CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)], which is a serious pest of tomatoes and other crops. The advantage of PVX is that plant material is ready for insect bioassay within 3-4 weeks of constructing the recombinant virus. Considering that production of transgenic tomato seedlings using Agrobacterium takes at least 6 months, this hastens the rate at which genes can be examined. Upon insect bioassay, only 47% CPB neonates feeding on leaves containing > 0.3% w/w WIN6 developed to 2nd instar while 93% of controls reached 2nd instar. To our knowledge this is the first plant chitinase that retards development of an insect pest. C1 ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W,Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Lawrencs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 8 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-0022-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 033KT UT WOS:000236846800011 PM 16614898 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Shack, LA Burgess, SC AF Corzo, A Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Shack, LA Burgess, SC TI Protein expression of pectoralis major muscle in chickens in response to dietary methionine status SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; methionine; protein expression; proteomics ID AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENT; MAMMALIAN RIBOSOMAL-PROTEINS; BROILER CHICKS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; PERFORMANCE; CELLS; INSULIN; AGE; CORTICOSTERONE AB The present study evaluated the effect of dietary methionine on breast-meat accretion and protein expression in skeletal muscle of broiler chickens in vivo. All broilers received a common pre-test diet up to 21 d of age, and were subsequently fed either a methionine-deficient (MD) or -adequate (MA) diet (3(.)1 v. 4(.)5 g/kg diet) from age 21 to 42 d. Dietary cystine levels were 3(.)7 v. 3(.)6 g/kg diet for the MD and MA diet, respectively. Detrimental effects on carcass yield (P=0(.)004), abdominal fat percentage (P=0(.)001), and breast-meat weight (P=0(.)001), yield (P=0(.)001), and uniformity (P=0(.)002) were observed and validated in birds fed MD diets. Via tandem MS, a total of 190 individual proteins were identified from pectoralis major (PM) muscle tissue. From the former composite, peptides from three proteins were observed to be present exclusively in breast muscle from those chickens fed the MD diet (pyruvate kinase, myosin alkali light chain-1, ribosomal-protein-L-29). No proteins were observed to be uniquely expressed in chickens fed MA diets. Research is warranted to further explore the possibility of the proteins pyruate kinase, myosin alkali light chain-1, or ribosomal protein L-29, as potential biological indicators of differences in protein expression of PM of chickens in response to a dietary methionine deficiency. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 95 IS 4 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.1079/BJN/20051716 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 027AY UT WOS:000236386600005 PM 16571149 ER PT J AU Thornton, SA Corzo, A Pharr, GT Dozier, WA Miles, DM Kidd, MT AF Thornton, SA Corzo, A Pharr, GT Dozier, WA Miles, DM Kidd, MT TI Valine requirements for immune and growth responses in broilers from 3 to 6 weeks of age SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; CARCASS RESPONSES; ISOLEUCINE NEEDS; FEMALE CHICKENS; 30-DAY-OLD; THREONINE; LYSINE; DIETS AB 1. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate valine (Val) requirements in Ross 508 broilers from 3 to 6 weeks of age. Common diets were fed to broilers until 3 weeks of age. 2. Growth and carcass measurements were taken in all experiments. Immune responsiveness measurements were taken in Experiments 1 and 2. 3. Birds given 7.2 g Val/ kg of diet in Experiment 1 had more abdominal fat than birds given 8.2 g Val/ kg of diet, but there were no differences in growth or other carcass measurements. Because growth performance was not reduced in birds given 7.2 g Val/ kg of diet, Val concentration was reduced to 6.4 g Val/ kg of diet in Experiments 2 and 3. 4. Increasing Val from 6.4 to 8.7 g Val/ kg of diet resulted in linear increases for BW gain, feed efficiency and Val intake in male birds, and Val intake in female birds. Quadratic responses to increasing dietary Val were not observed in any experiment. There were no effects of Val on innate or adaptive immunity. 5. A nonessential amino acid mixture containing the same nitrogen content as the (L)-Val additions in Experiment 4 was added and tends to support the idea that the responses to Val were specific and not due to increases in total nitrogen. 6. Dose responses to Val resulted in male, but not female, birds given 7.3 g Val/ kg of diet having improved BW gain and feed efficiency compared with birds receiving 6.4 g Val/ kg of diet. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 9665, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 47 IS 2 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1080/00071660600610989 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036IP UT WOS:000237065100012 PM 16641030 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Walters, P Zuercher, M AF Oppert, B Walters, P Zuercher, M TI Digestive proteinases of the larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cynaeus angustus; digestive proteinases; control; stored products ID MOLITOR LARVAE; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; YELLOW MEALWORM; MIDGUT; INHIBITORS; ENZYMES; TRYPSIN; SECRETION; MIXTURES AB Digestion in the larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (LeConte), was studied to identify new control methods for this pest of stored grains and grain products. The physiological pH of the larval gut, as measured with extracts in water, was approximately 6.1, and the pH for optimal hydrolysis of casein by gut extracts was 6.2 when buffers were reducing. However, under non-reducing conditions, hydrolysis of casein and synthetic serine proteinase substrates was optimal in alkaline buffer. Three major proteinase activities were observed in zymograms using casein or gelatin. Caseinolytic activity of C. angustus gut extracts was inhibited by inhibitors that target aspartic and serine proteinase classes, with minor inhibition by a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. In particular, soybean trypsin and trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitors were most effective in reducing the in vitro caseinolytic activity of gut extracts. Based on these data, further studies are suggested on the effects of dietary soybean inhibitors of serine proteinases, singly and in combination with aspartic and cysteine proteinase inhibitors, on C. angustus larvae. Results from these studies can be used to develop new control strategies to prevent damage to grains and stored products by C. angustus and similar coleopteran pests. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1079/BER2005413 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024WC UT WOS:000236226100009 PM 16556337 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, AD Johnson, GP TI Quantum mechanics studies of cellobiose conformations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE cellulose; carbohydrate; conformation; energy; flexibility; folding; helix; shape ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; METHYL-BETA-CELLOBIOSIDE; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; RELATIVE STABILITY; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY AB Three regions of the conformation space that describes the relative orientations of the two glucose residues of cellobiose were analyzed with quantum mechanics. A central region, in which most crystal structures are found, was covered by a 9 x 9 grid of 20 degrees increments of the linkage torsion angles phi and psi. Besides these 81 constrained minimizations, we studied two central subregions and two regions at the edges of our maps of complete phi,psi space with unconstrained minimization, for a total of 85 target geometries. HF/6-31G(d) and single-point HF/6-311+G(d) calculations were used to find the lowest energies for each geometry. B3LYP/6-31G+G(d) and single point B3LYP/6-11+G(d) calculations were also used for all unconstrained minimizations. For each target, 181 starting geometries were tried (155 for the unconstrained targets). Numerous different starting geometries resulted in the lowest energies for the various target structures. The starting geometries came from five different sets that were based on molecular mechanics energies. Although all five sets contributed to the adiabatic map, use of any single set resulted in discrepancies of 3-7 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J) with the final map. For most of the targets, the starting geometry that gave the lowest energy depended on the basis set and whether the HF or B3LYP method was used. However, each of the above four calculations gave the same overall lowest energy structure that was found previously by Strati et al. This global minimum, stabilized by highly cooperative hydrogen bonds, is in a region that is essentially not populated by crystal structures. HF/6-31G(d) energy contours of the mapped central region were compatible with the observed crystal structures. Observed structures that lacked O3 center dot center dot center dot O5' hydrogen bonds were about 1 kcal/mol above the map's minimum, and observed structures that have a pseudo twofold screw axis ranged from about 0.4 to 1.0 kcal/mol. The HF/6-311+G(d) map accommodated the observed structures nearly as well. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD APR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1139/V06-050 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 053DO UT WOS:000238285200019 ER PT J AU Lang, DW Reeves, GH Hall, JD Wipfli, MS AF Lang, DW Reeves, GH Hall, JD Wipfli, MS TI The influence of fall-spawning coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on growth and production of juvenile coho salmon rearing in beaver ponds on the Copper River Delta, Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; COASTAL STREAMS; CARCASSES; WASHINGTON; SURVIVAL; WINTER AB This study examined the influence of fall-spawning coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on the density, growth rate, body condition, and survival to outmigration of juvenile coho salmon on the Copper River Delta, Alaska, USA. During the fall of 1999 and 2000, fish rearing in beaver ponds that received spawning salmon were compared with fish from ponds that did not receive spawners and also with fish from ponds that were artificially enriched with salmon carcasses and eggs. The response to spawning salmon was variable. In some ponds, fall-spawning salmon increased growth rates and improved the condition of juvenile coho salmon. The enrichment with salmon carcasses and eggs significantly increased growth rates of fish in nonspawning ponds. However, there was little evidence that the short-term growth benefits observed in the fall led to greater overwinter growth or survival to outmigration when compared with fish from the nonspawning ponds. One potential reason for this result may be that nutrients from spawning salmon are widely distributed across the delta because of hydrologic connectivity and hyporheic flows. The relationship among spawning salmon, overwinter growth, and smolt production on the Copper River Delta does not appear to be limited entirely to a simple positive feedback loop. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lang, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cordova Ranger Dist, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. EM dwlang@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 917 EP 930 DI 10.1139/F05-268 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038EJ UT WOS:000237201300017 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Boue, S Palmgren, MS Maskos, K Cleveland, TE AF De Lucca, AJ Boue, S Palmgren, MS Maskos, K Cleveland, TE TI Fungicidal properties of two saponins from Capsicum frutescens and the relationship of structure and fungicidal activity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungicidal; saponin; structure-function ID ACYCLIC DITERPENE GLYCOSIDES; SOLANACEOUS PLANTS; C-13 ASSIGNMENTS; H-1-NMR SPECTRA; ANNUUM-L; SPECTROSCOPY; NMR; SENSITIVITY; DEFENSE; H-1 AB Two steroidal saponins have been purified from cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Both have the same steroidal moiety but differ in the number of glucose moieties: the first saponin has four glucose moieties (molecular mass 1081 Da) and the second contains three glucose moieties (molecular mass 919 Da). Solubility in aqueous solution is less for the saponin containing three glucose moieties than for the one containing four glucose moieties. The larger saponin was slightly fungicidal against the nongerminated and germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger A. parasiticus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum., F. monilforme, and F. graminearum, whereas, the second saponin (molecular mass 919 Da) was inactive against these fungi. Results indicate that the absence of one glucose molecule affects the fungicidal and aqueous solubility properties of these similar molecules. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM adelucca@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1139/W05-137 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 051FN UT WOS:000238147100008 PM 16699584 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Oelke, LM AF Kolmer, J. A. Oelke, L. M. TI Genetics of leaf rust resistance in the spring wheats 'Ivan' and 'Knudson' spring wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE durable resistance; inheritance of resistance; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici; Puccina triticina; specific resistance ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; CULTIVARS; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE; GENES AB Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is a common and widespread disease of wheat in North America and worldwide. Durable genetic resistance to leaf rust in wheat has been difficult to achieve, since the virulence of the leaf rust pathogen to specific leaf rust resistance genes in wheat is highly variable. 'Ivan' and 'Knudson', hard red spring wheat cultivars recently released by AgriPro((R)), are highly resistant to leaf rust. The objective of this study was to determine the identity of leaf rust resistance genes present in both cultivars. 'Ivan' and 'Knudson' were crossed with 'Thatcher', a cultivar susceptible to leaf rust; the F-1 plants were backcrossed to 'Thatcher'; and the BCF1 plants (approximately 80 from each cross) were selfed to develop BCF2 families. The BCF2 families were tested as seedlings with different P. triticina isolates to determine the number and identity of leaf rust resistance genes that segregated in the BCF2 families. Both the BCF3 lines from selected resistant BCF2 plants and near-isogenic lines of 'Thatcher' were tested with different P. triticina isolates to confirm the identity of the resistance genes. Selected BCF2 families were also tested as adult plants in the greenhouse and field to identify genes for adult plant leaf rust resistance. 'Ivan' was determined to have genes Lr16 and Lr24 and 'Knudson' to have Lr3, Lr10, Lr13, Lr16, Lr23, and Lr34. 'Ivan' has been highly resistant because of the rarity of leaf rust isolates with virulence to Lr16 and Lr24, while the combination of Lr16, Lr23, and Lr34 accounts for the resistance in 'Knudson'. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000006 ER PT J AU Wegener, LA Martin, RR Bernardy, MG MacDonald, L Punja, ZK AF Wegener, L. A. Martin, R. R. Bernardy, M. G. MacDonald, L. Punja, Z. K. TI Epidemiology and identification of strains of Blueberry scorch virus on highbush blueberry in British Columbia, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Carlavirus; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium macrocarpon; epidemiology; coat protein; strain identification; virus detection ID BLIGHT DISEASE; SEQUENCE; SPREAD AB Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV), first discovered in British Columbia, Canada, in 2000, causes a potentially serious disease on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). The epidemiology of BlScV was studied over four consecutive years (2001-2004) in British Columbia. In 2001, leaf tissue sampled from 40 commercial fields tested positive for BIScV, when using a polyclonal antibody in a double antibody sandwich - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In 2002, 2003, and 2004, BlScV was detected in an additional 19, 49, and 12 previously uninfected fields, respectively. Disease spread was studied in more detail by mapping BlScV distribution in three commercial blueberry fields. The percent increase in diseased plants ranged from 4.4% to 5.2% from 2001 to 2002, and from 4.2% to 9.6% from 2002 to 2004. Symptoms on blueberry cultivars in May included necrosis of blossoms and young leaves, leaf chlorosis, and shoot blight; line patterns on the leaves of some infected cultivars were observed in October. BlScV was also detected in two additional Vaccinium spp., namely cranberry (V macrocarpon) and black huckleberry (V. membranaceum). Reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction with BlScV-specific primers was used to obtain partial sequences of the coat-protein gene for 12 BlScV isolates from blueberry in British Columbia. These sequences were compared with each other and with those of strains from United States (NJ-1, NJ-2, and WA-2) and two strains recently described in British Columbia (BC-1 and BC-2). The 12 British Columbia isolates shared 88%-100% homology with each other and were more closely related to BC-2 and NJ-2 than to BC-1, NJ-1, and WA-2. The high incidence of BlScV in highbush blueberry in British Columbia, the range of symptoms, the presence of BlScV in other Vaccinium spp., and the variability in sequences of the coat-protein gene among strains suggest that the virus is widespread and that different strains are now established in British Columbia. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. British Columbia Minist Agr & Land, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. RP Punja, ZK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM punja@sfu.ca NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 250 EP 262 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000010 ER PT J AU Rashid, KY Seiler, G AF Rashid, K. Y. Seiler, G. TI Epidemiology of sclerotinia head rot in wild sunflower species. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr & Agr Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Modern Res Stn, Morden, MB RM6 1Y5, Canada. USDA ARS, No Crop Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 320 EP 320 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000030 ER PT J AU Tamburic-Ilincic, L Schaafsma, AW Clear, RM Ward, TJ O'Donnell, KL AF Tamburic-Ilincic, L. Schaafsma, A. W. Clear, R. M. Ward, T. J. O'Donnell, K. L. TI Chemotype of Fusarium graminearum isolates from winter wheat collected in Ontario in 2004. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Guelph, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada. Canadian Grain Commiss, Grain Res Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000091 ER PT J AU McDonald, MR Kooi, KV Simon, PW AF McDonald, M. R. Kooi, K. Vander Simon, P. W. TI Incidence and severity of cavity spot on carrots with different pigments. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000156 ER PT J AU Philion, V Belair, G Charest, J Parent, S Mazzola, M AF Philion, V. Belair, G. Charest, J. Parent, S. Mazzola, M. TI Evaluation of alternative control strategies against the apple replant disease. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Rech & Dev Agroenvironm, St Bruno De Montarville, PQ J3V 4P6, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. Minist Agr Pecheries & Alimentat Quebec, Marieville, PQ J3M 1M4, Canada. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 361 EP 361 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000165 ER PT J AU Reedy, CJ Gray, FA Larsen, RC Groose, RW Gill, JR AF Reedy, C. J. Gray, F. A. Larsen, R. C. Groose, R. W. Gill, J. R. TI Occurrence of brown root rot of alfalfa and its causal organism, Phoma sclerotioides, in agricultural and nonagricultural sites in the Big Horn Basin ecosystem of Wyoming, United States. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110PN UT WOS:000242391000172 ER PT J AU Engel, RE Long, DS Carlson, GR AF Engel, Richard E. Long, Dan S. Carlson, Gregg R. TI Grain protein as a post-harvest index of nitrogen status for winter wheat in the northern Great Plains SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE N sufficiency; N deficiency; critical protein concentration; plant available N ID N-SUFFICIENCY; YIELD AB The use of grain protein as a post-harvest index of N fertility status has been promoted for spring wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) through the establishment of critical levels for segregating wheat into N deficient vs. N sufficient classes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate this concept for winter wheat in the northern Great Plains; and to estimate the added N requirements necessary to achieve maximum yield when protein concentrations fall below the critical level. A field study consisting of three water regimes, four cultivars, and five fertilizer N levels was conducted near Havre, MT. A consistent relationship between relative yield and grain protein was found and a critical protein concentration of 121 mg g(-1) was defined using Cate-Nelson R-2 statistics. Protein concentrations below the critical level were associated with yield losses from N deficiency (79% frequency), while protein concentrations ! the critical level were associated with N sufficiency (93% frequency). Under conditions of moderate N deficiency (68-99% of maximum), protein concentration could be used to estimate the amount of additional N that would have been needed to achieve maximum yields. This is accomplished by first calculating the difference between the critical and actual protein concentration (expressed in mg g(-1) protein). This protein deficit is then multplied by a fertilizer N equivalent that varied from 20 to 38 kg N ha(-1) (according to the precipitation environment) for each 10 mg g(-1) rise in protein desired. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. RP Engel, RE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 425 EP 431 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 077SW UT WOS:000240051500010 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ML Thoma, SL AF Sullivan, Michael L. Thoma, Sharon L. TI Cloning, molecular characterization, and expression analysis of several red clover cDNAs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE red clover; Trifolium pratense; Medicago truncatula; forage legume; genomics; inquiry-based learning AB To begin gathering information regarding nucleotide sequence similarity between red clover genes and other plant species, especially the model legume Medicago truncatula, several random red clover cDNAs were sequenced. The analyzed cDNAs included genes encoding actin; several proteins involved in photosynthesis including PsaR, PsbR, PsbX, early light-induced protein (ELIP), ferredoxin, chlorophyll a/b binding protein; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase; chloroplastic superoxide dismutase; and GTP-binding protein typA. The gene set had a median sequence identity of 92% with their counterparts from M. truncatula, suggesting its available genomics tools can be applied to red clover. An expression analysis of the gene set in various red clover tissues indicates the genes show a wide range of expression patterns. Consequently, this set of cDNAs and associated data are proving useful as controls in molecular genetic experiments involving red clover. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Edgewood Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Sullivan, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 465 EP 468 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 077SW UT WOS:000240051500015 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Crookston, NL Evans, JS Falkowski, MJ Smith, AMS Gessler, PE Morgan, P AF Hudak, Andrew T. Crookston, Nicholas L. Evans, Jeffrey S. Falkowski, Michael J. Smith, Alistair M. S. Gessler, Paul E. Morgan, Penelope TI Regression modeling and mapping of coniferous forest basal area and tree density from discrete-return lidar and multispectral satellite data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 14-16, 2005 CL Wolfville, CANADA ID HEIGHT; INDEX; ETM AB We compared the utility of discrete-return light detection and ranging (lidar) data and multispectral satellite imagery, and their integration, for modeling and mapping basal area and tree density across two diverse coniferous forest landscapes in north-central Idaho. We applied multiple linear regression models subset from a suite of 26 predictor variables derived from discrete-return lidar data (2 m post spacing), advanced land imager (ALI) multispectral (30 m) and panchromatic (10 m) data, or geographic X, Y, and Z location. In general, the lidar-derived variables had greater utility than the ALI variables for predicting the response variables, especially basal area. The variables most useful for predicting basal area were lidar height variables, followed by lidar intensity; those most useful for predicting tree density were lidar canopy cover variables, again followed by lidar intensity. The best integrated models selected via a best-subsets procedure explained similar to 90% of variance in both response variables. Natural-logarithm-transformed response variables were modeled. Predictions were then transformed from the natural logarithm scale back to the natural scale, corrected for transformation bias, and mapped across the two study areas. This study demonstrates that fundamental forest structure attributes can be modeled to acceptable accuracy and mapped with currently available remote sensing technologies. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 NR 27 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 26 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1750 COURTWOOD CRESCENT, STE 105, OTTAWA, ON K2C 2B5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 126 EP 138 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 111KL UT WOS:000242450100009 ER PT J AU Falkowski, MJ Smith, AMS Hudak, AT Gessler, PE Vierling, LA Crookston, NL AF Falkowski, Michael J. Smith, Alistair M. S. Hudak, Andrew T. Gessler, Paul E. Vierling, Lee A. Crookston, Nicholas L. TI Automated estimation of individual conifer tree height and crown diameter via two-dimensional spatial wavelet analysis of lidar data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 14-16, 2005 CL Wolfville, CANADA ID LASER SCANNER DATA; SMALL-FOOTPRINT; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CANOPY HEIGHT; DATA FUSION; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DENSITY LIDAR; BASAL AREA; IMAGERY AB We describe and evaluate a new analysis technique, spatial wavelet analysis (SWA), to automatically estimate the location, height, and crown diameter of individual trees within mixed conifer open canopy stands from light detection and ranging (lidar) data. Two-dimensional Mexican hat wavelets, over a range of likely tree crown diameters, were convolved with lidar canopy height models. Identification of local maxima within the resultant wavelet transformation image then allowed determination of the location, height, and crown diameters of individual trees. In this analysis, which focused solely on individual trees within open canopy forests, 30 trees incorporating seven dominant North American tree species were assessed. Two-dimensional (2D) wavelet-derived estimates were well correlated with field measures of tree height (r = 0.97) and crown diameter (r = 0.86). The 2D wavelet-derived estimates compared favorably with estimates derived using an established method that uses variable window filters (VWF) to estimate the same variables but relies on a priori knowledge of the tree height - crown diameter relationship. The 2D spatial wavelet analysis presented herein could potentially allow automated, large-scale, remote estimation of timber board feet, foliar biomass, canopy volume, and aboveground carbon, although further research testing the limitations of the method in a variety of forest types with increasing canopy closures is warranted. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Falkowski, MJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM falk4587@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983 NR 51 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 17 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1750 COURTWOOD CRESCENT, STE 105, OTTAWA, ON K2C 2B5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 111KL UT WOS:000242450100011 ER PT J AU Trettin, CC Laiho, R Minkkinen, K Laine, J AF Trettin, C. C. Laiho, R. Minkkinen, K. Laine, J. TI Influence of climate change factors on carbon dynamics in northern forested peatlands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science of Changing Climates - Impact on Agriculture, Forestry and Wetlands CY JUL 20-23, 2004 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Agron, Soil Sci & Anim Sci, CSA, CSAS, CSSS DE peatland; carbon cycle; methane; forest; wetland ID WATER-LEVEL DRAWDOWN; DRAINED PINE MIRES; LONG-TERM; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; METHANE EMISSIONS; BOREAL PEATLANDS; MOISTURE CONDITIONS; ACCUMULATION RATES; VASCULAR PLANTS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Peatlands are carbon-accumulating wetland ecosystems, developed through an imbalance among organic matter production and decomposition processes. Soil saturation is the principal cause of anoxic conditions that constrain organic matter decay. Accordingly, changes in the hydrologic regime will affect the carbon (C) dynamics in forested peatlands. Our objective is to review ecological studies and experiments on managed peatlands that provide a basis for assessing the effects of an altered hydrology on C dynamics. We conclude that climate change influences will be mediated primarily through the hydrologic cycle. A lower water table resulting from altered precipitation patterns and increased atmospheric temperature may be expected to decrease soil CH(4) and increase CO(2) emissions from the peat surface. Correspondingly, the C balance in forested peatlands is also sensitive to management and restoration prescriptions. Increases in soil CO(2) efflux do not necessarily equate with net losses from the soil C pool. While the fundamentals of the C balance in peatlands are well-established, the combined affects of global change stressors and management practices are best considered using process-based biogeochemical models. Long-term studies are needed both for validation and to provide a framework for longitudinal assessments of the peatland C cycle. C1 Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Parkano Res Stn, Parkano, Finland. RP Trettin, CC (reprint author), Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RI Laiho, Raija/C-2920-2008 OI Laiho, Raija/0000-0001-7767-8520 NR 107 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 23 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 SI SI BP 269 EP 280 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 077SQ UT WOS:000240050900010 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Johnson, BJ Briggs, RE Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Confer, AW Burge, LJ Step, DL Walker, DA Payton, ME AF Fulton, RW Johnson, BJ Briggs, RE Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Confer, AW Burge, LJ Step, DL Walker, DA Payton, ME TI Challenge with Bovine viral diarrhea virus by exposure to persistently infected calves: protection by vaccination and negative results of antigen testing in nonvaccinated acutely infected calves SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID BVDV; 1B; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; DIAGNOSIS; CATTLE AB Calves persistently infected (PI) with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) represent an important source of infection for susceptible cattle. We evaluated vaccine efficacy using calves PI with noncytopathic BVDV2a for the challenge and compared tests to detect BVDV in acutely or transiently infected calves versus PI calves. Vaccination with 2 doses of modified live virus vaccine containing BVDV1a and BVDV2a protected the calves exposed to the PI calves: neither viremia nor nasal shedding occurred. An immunohistochemistry test on formalin-fixed ear notches and an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on fresh notches in phosphate-buffered saline did not detect BVDV antigen in any of the acutely or transiently infected calves, whereas both tests had positive results in all the PI calves. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Clayton Res Ctr, Clayton, NM 88415 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Room 250, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. EM rfulton@okstate.edu NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 033JV UT WOS:000236844200006 PM 16639944 ER PT J AU McOrist, S Gebhart, CJ Bosworth, BT AF McOrist, S Gebhart, CJ Bosworth, BT TI Evaluation of porcine ileum models of enterocyte infection by Lawsonia intracellularis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID ILEAL SYMBIONT INTRACELLULARIS; INTESTINAL XENOGRAFT MODEL; PROLIFERATIVE ENTEROPATHY; ENTERITIS; PIGS; REPRODUCTION; BACTERIUM; HAMSTERS; LESIONS AB The early interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis with host cells was examined with the use of porcine ileum models. Two conventional swine were anesthetized, and ligated ileum loops were prepared during abdominal surgery. The loops were inoculated with 10(8) L. intracellularis or saline. After 60 min, samples of each loop were processed for routine histologic and electron microscopic study. Histologic and ultrathin sections of all the loops appeared normal, with no apposition of bacteria and host cells or bacterial entry events in any loop. Portions of ileum from a single gnotobiotic piglet were introduced as xenografts into the subcutis of each flank of 5 weaned mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. After 4 wk, 10(8) L. intracellularis were inoculated into each of 4 viable xenografts with a sterile needle; the other 3 viable xenografts received saline. Histologic and ultrathin sections of all the xenografts 3 wk after inoculation showed relatively normal porcine intestinal architecture, with normal crypts, crypt cell differentiation, and low villous structures; the xenografts treated with the bacteria also showed intracytoplasmic L. intracellularis within crypt and villous epithelial cells. Thus, entry of L. intracellularis into target epithelial cells and multiplication may not be sufficient alone to directly cause cell proliferation. A proliferative response may require active division of crypt cells and differentiation in conjunction with L. intracellularis growth. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP McOrist, S (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. EM steven.mcorist@nottingham.ac.uk NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 033JV UT WOS:000236844200012 PM 16639950 ER PT J AU Young, JK Andelt, WF Terletzky, PA Shivik, JA AF Young, JK Andelt, WF Terletzky, PA Shivik, JA TI A comparison of coyote ecology after 25 years: 1978 versus 2003 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SPACE USE; PREY ABUNDANCE; CANIS-LATRANS; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; SPOTTED HYENAS AB Most ecological studies of coyotes are of short duration and studies are generally never repeated, thus the opportunity to compare changes in coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) ecology over time is rare. We compared coyote home ranges, activity patterns, age, and diet at the Welder Wildlife Refuge in south Texas between 1978-1979 and 2003-2004 (25 years later). The Minta index of overlap between 1978 and 2003 home ranges was 51.7 +/- 7.0 (n = 7), much greater than the Minta index value based on randomized tests (28.7 +/- 8.6), indicating similar spatial patterns between time periods. The Minta index was 12.3 +/- 6.2 (n = 7) for core areas, whereas the Minta index value based on randomized tests was 4.0 +/- 3.0. Although overall diets were similar between 1978 and 2003, we detected some differences in prey species consumed. Activity patterns were similar between the two study periods, with peaks in movement occurring around sunrise and sunset. There was no difference in the mean age between the two populations (P = 0.44, n = 68, 4661 = 2.00). Our findings suggest that population features, such as home-range position and age structure, are similar between extended time periods, while individual-level patterns, such as the prey species consumed and distribution of locations within a home range, are dynamic and may reflect changes in the local environment. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Natl Guard, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Young, JK (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Julie.K.Young@asu.edu NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 26 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1139/Z06-030 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 054DF UT WOS:000238356300010 ER PT J AU Wegner, TH Jones, PE AF Wegner, TH Jones, PE TI Advancing cellulose-based nanotechnology SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE cellulose; forest products; lignocellulose; nanotechnology; research; wood AB Nanotechnology has applications across most economic sectors and allows the development of new enabling science with broad commercial potential. Cellulose and lignocellulose have great potential as nanomaterials because they are abundant, renewable, have a nanofibrillar structure, can be made multifunctional, and self-assemble into well-defined architectures. To exploit their potential, R&D investments must be made in the science and engineering that will fully determine the properties and characteristics of cellulose and lignocellulose at the nanoscale, develop the technologies to manipulate self-assembly and multifunctionallity, and develop these new technologies to the point where industry can produce advanced and cost-competitive cellulose and lignocellulose-based products. Because many of the findings on nanostructues and nanoprocesses are not yet fully measurable, replicable, or understood, it will take substantial R&D investments. To most effectively and efficiently move forward, increased cooperation must occur among the cellulose/lignocellulose R&D community, the federal departments and agencies having interests and ongoing programs in nanotechnology, and industry. Cooperation is critical to capturing synergies, enhancing accomplishments, and avoiding unwarranted duplication of facilities and efforts. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Imerys, Tech Mkt & New Ventures, Roswell, GA 30076 USA. RP Wegner, TH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twegner@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD APR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s10570-006-9056-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 034VR UT WOS:000236959200001 ER PT J AU Mirik, A Michels, GJ Kassymzhanova-Mirik, S Elliott, NC Catana, V Jones, DB Bowling, R AF Mirik, A Michels, GJ Kassymzhanova-Mirik, S Elliott, NC Catana, V Jones, DB Bowling, R TI Using digital image analysis and spectral reflectance data to quantify damage by greenbug (Hemitera : Aphididae) in winter wheat SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE digital image; greenbug (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)); spectral reflectance; remote sensing; vegetation indices; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETRY; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; REMOTE ESTIMATION; POD YIELD; DISEASE; LEAVES; PIGMENT AB The usefulness of digital image analysis and spectral reflectance data to quantify damage by greenbugs (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)) was evaluated for two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields, three field experiments, and one greenhouse experiment in Oklahoma and Texas. A hyperspectral field spectrometer and a digital camera were used to record reflectance and to acquire images over 0.25-, 0.37-, and 1-m(2) greenbug-damaged wheat canopies. A large number of spectral vegetation indices compiled from the literature were calculated and relationship to damage by greenbugs was investigated. The mean percent damage by greenbugs estimated through digital image analysis varied from 13 +/- 1/0.25 to 73 +/- 7/0.37 m(2). The mean greenbug abundance ranged from 191 +/- 22/0.25 to 54,209 +/- 7908/0.37 m(2). Correlation analyses showed strong associations between damage by greenbugs in wheat and spectral vegetation indices. Correlation coefficient ranged from 0.82 to -0.98. These results suggest that remote sensing using spectral reflectance and digital images can be nondestructive, rapid, cost-effective, and reproducible techniques to determine damage by greenbugs in wheat with repeatable accuracy and precision. Together with the existing spectral indices, two versions of a new index algorithm are suggested in this paper. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Noble Res Ctr 127, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Pioneer Sales & Mkt, Dumas, TX 79029 USA. RP Mirik, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM MMirik@ag.tamu.edu NR 73 TC 41 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.11.004 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 023MQ UT WOS:000236131200006 ER PT J AU Raphael, MG AF Raphael, MG TI Conservation of the marbled murrelet under the northwest forest plan SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; conservation planning; forest management ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT AB The Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) was listed as threatened in 1992, primarily because of loss of its old-forest nesting habitat. Monitoring conducted over the first 10 years following implementation of the Northwest Forest Plan shows at-sea murrelet populations appear to be stationary, but recruitment is very low and demographic models project a 4-6% annual rate of decline. Monitoring of nesting habitat indicated there were about 1.6 million ha of higher-suitability nesting habitat on all lands at the start of the plan, about half of which occurred on federal lands. Most (88%) of higher-suitability habitat on federal lands was protected within reserves. Over the past 10 years, losses of habitat due primarily to fire have totaled about 2% on federal lands. Losses have been much greater (12%) on nonfederal lands, due primarily to timber harvest. Habitat is expected to accrue within reserves as younger forest matures and attains sufficient diameter to support nesting sites. At-sea estimates of population size are strongly and positively correlated with amounts of adjacent nesting habitat at a broad scale, supporting the idea that amounts of nesting habitat are a primary driver in wide-scale murrelet population distribution. Conditions at sea, however, such as temperature regimes, prey availability, and pollutants, continue to affect murrelet populations. The system of large reserves seems to have achieved the short-term objective of conserving much of the remaining nesting habitat on federal lands. These reserves are also likely to contribute to the long-term objective of creating large, contiguous blocks of nesting habitat. The plan has a primary role in conserving and restoring nesting habitat on federal land but will succeed in this role only if land allocations calling for such protection are in place for many decades. C1 US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Raphael, MG (reprint author), US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM mraphael@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00382.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200008 PM 16903091 ER PT J AU Molina, R Marcot, BG Lesher, R AF Molina, R Marcot, BG Lesher, R TI Protecting rare, old-growth, forest-associated species under the survey and manage program guidelines of the northwest forest plan SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; coarse-filter conservation approach; fine-filter conservation approach; reserves; species persistence ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION AB The Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) represents an unparalleled attempt to protect rare, little-known species associated with late-successional and old-growth forests on more than 9.7 million ha of federal lands. Approximately 400 species of amphibians, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, mollusks, vascular plants, arthropod functional groups, and one mammal were listed under this program because viability evaluations indicated the plan's network of reserve land allocations might not sustain the species over time. The program's standards and guidelines used an adaptive approach, protecting known sites and collecting new information to address concerns for species persistence and to develop management strategies. Since implementation in 1994, approximately 68,000 known sites have been recorded at an expense of several tens of millions of dollars. New knowledge from surveys reduced concern for nearly 100 species, and they were removed from the protection list. Although successful in protecting hundreds of rare species not typically considered in most conservation programs, some of the enacted conservation measures created conflicts in meeting other management objectives of the plan, particularly timber harvest. The program accrued important gains in knowledge, reduced uncertainty about conservation of a number of species, and developed new methods of species inventory that will be useful in future management planning and implementation at many scales. The program, however, was not completed because of changes in land-management philosophy. Ongoing litigation regarding its termination and potential changes to the plan cast further uncertainty on how the original goal of maintaining persistence of late-successional and old-growth species will be met and measured. The outcomes, controversies, and management frustrations of the program exemplify the inherent difficulties in balancing broad, regional conservation goals with social and economic goals of the NWFP. Defining acceptable trade-offs to reach that balance and developing practical conservation solutions remain challenges for the science and management communities. Lessons learned from the program provide a valuable biological and managerial reference to benefit future discussion on meeting those challenges. C1 US Det Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Mt Baker Snoqualmie Natl Forest, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 USA. RP Molina, R (reprint author), US Det Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rmolina@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 306 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00386.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200009 PM 16903092 ER PT J AU Reeves, GH Williams, JE Burnett, KM Gallo, K AF Reeves, GH Williams, JE Burnett, KM Gallo, K TI The aquatic conservation strategy of the northwest forest plan SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decision support models; ecosystem management; public lands; riparian management ID OREGON; ROADS AB Implemented in 1994, the Aquatic Conservation Strategy of the Northwest Forest Plan was designed to restore and maintain ecological processes for aquatic and riparian area conservation on federal lands in the western portion of the Pacific Northwest. We used decision support models to quantitatively evaluate changes in the condition of selected watersheds. In the approximately 10 years since strategy implementation, watershed condition scores changed modestly, but conditions improved in 64% of 250 sampled watersheds, declined in 28%, and remained relatively the same in 7%. Watersheds that had the largest declines included some where wildfires burned 30-60% of their area. The overall statistical distribution of the condition scores did not change significantly, however. Much of the increase in watershed condition was related to improved riparian conditions. The number of large trees (> 51 cm diameter at breast height) increased 2-4%, and there were substantial reductions in tree harvest and other disturbances along streams. Whether such changes will translate into longer-term improvements in aquatic ecosystems across broader landscapes remains to be seen. C1 US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Trout Ltd, Medford, OR 97504 USA. US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Aquat & Riparian Effectivenss Monitoring Program, Pacific NW Reg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reeves, GH (reprint author), US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM greeves@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00380.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200010 PM 16903093 ER PT J AU Charnley, S AF Charnley, S TI The northwest forest plan as a model for broad-scale ecosystem management: a social perspective SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation and development; forest management; rural communities; socioeconomic monitoring AB I evaluated the Northwest Forest Plan as a model for ecosystem management to achieve social and economic goals in communities located around federal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. My assessment is based on the results of socioeconomic monitoring conducted to evaluate progress in achieving the plan's goals during its first 10 years. The assessment criteria I used related to economic development and social justice. The Northwest Forest Plan incorporated economic development and social justice goals in its design. Socioeconomic monitoring results indicate that plan implementation to achieve those goals met with mixed success, however. I hypothesize there are two important reasons the plan's socioeconomic goals were not fully met: some of the key assumptions underlying the implementation strategies were flawed and agency institutional capacity to achieve the goals was limited. To improve broad-scale ecosystem management in the future, decision makers should ensure that natural-resource management policies are socially acceptable; land-management agencies have the institutional capacity to achieve their management goals; and social and economic management goals (and the strategies for implementing them) are based on accurate assumptions about the relations between the resources being managed and well-being in local communities. One of the difficulties of incorporating economic development and social justice goals in conservation initiatives is finding ways to link conservation behavior and development activities. From a social perspective, the Northwest Forest Plan as a model for ecosystem management is perhaps most valuable in its attempt to link the biophysical and socioeconomic goals of forest management by creating high-quality jobs for residents of forest communities in forest stewardship and ecosystem management work, thereby contributing to conservation. C1 US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 330 EP 340 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00388.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200011 PM 16903094 ER PT J AU Spies, TA Hemstrom, MA Youngblood, A Hummel, S AF Spies, TA Hemstrom, MA Youngblood, A Hummel, S TI Conserving old-growth forest diversity in disturbance-prone landscapes SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; fire; forest dynamics; Northwest Forest Plan ID WASHINGTON CASCADES; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; FIRE HISTORY; SPOTTED OWLS; OREGON; USA; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS AB A decade after its creation, the Northwest Forest Plan is contributing to the conservation of old-growth forests on federal land. However, the success and outlook for the plan are questionable in the dry provinces, where losses of old growth to wildfire have been relatively high and risks of further loss remain. We summarize the state of knowledge of old-growth forests in the plan area, identify challenges to conserve them, and suggest some conservation approaches that might better meet the goals of the plan. Historically, old-growth forests in these provinces ranged from open, patchy stands, maintained by frequent low-severity fire, to a mosaic of dense and open stands maintained by mixed-severity fires. Old-growth structure and composition were spatially heterogeneous, varied strongly with topography and elevation, and were shaped by a complex disturbance regime of fire, insects, and disease. With fire suppression and cutting of large pines (Pinus spp.) and Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco), old-growth diversity has declined and dense understories have developed across large areas. Challenges to conserving these forests include a lack of definitions needed for planning of fire-dependent old-growth stands and landscapes, and conflicts in conservation goals that can be resolved only at the landscape level. Fire suppression has increased the area of the dense, older forest favored by Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) but increased the probability of high-severity fire. The plan allows for fuel reduction in late-successional reserves; fuel treatments, however, apparently have not happened at a high enough rate or been applied in a landscape-level approach. Landscape-level strategies are needed that prioritize fuel treatments by vegetation zones, develop shaded fuel breaks in strategic positions, and thin and apply prescribed fire to reduce ladder fuels around remaining old trees. Evaluations of the current and alternative strategies are needed to determine whether the current reserve-matrix approach is the best strategy to meet plan goals in these dynamic landscapes. C1 US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 43 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 11 U2 43 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00389.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200013 PM 16903096 ER PT J AU Malcolm, JR Liu, CR Neilson, RP Hansen, L Hannah, L AF Malcolm, JR Liu, CR Neilson, RP Hansen, L Hannah, L TI Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomes; climate change; general circulation models; global vegetation models; migration; species extinctions ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; AREA RELATIONSHIPS; TROPICAL FORESTS; MIGRATION; MODEL; IMPACTS; DIVERSITY; SCENARIOS; TURNOVER AB Global warming is a key threat to biodiversity, but few researchers have assessed the magnitude of this threat at the global scale. We used major vegetation types (biomes) as proxies for natural habitats and, based on projected future biome distributions under doubled-CO2 climates, calculated changes in habitat areas and associated extinctions of endemic plant and vertebrate species in biodiversity hotspots. Because of numerous uncertainties in this approach, we undertook a sensitivity analysis of multiple factors that included (1) two global vegetation models, (2) different numbers of biome classes in our biome classification schemes, (3) different assumptions about whether species distributions were biome specific or not, and (4) different migration capabilities. Extinctions were calculated using both species-area and endemic-area relationships. In addition, average required migration rates were calculated for each hotspot assuming a doubled-CO2 climate in 100 years. Projected percent extinctions ranged from < 1 to 43% of the endemic biota (average 11.6%), with biome specificity having the greatest influence on the estimates, followed by the global vegetation model and then by migration and biome classification assumptions. Bootstrap comparisons indicated that effects on hotpots as a group were not significantly different from effects on random same-biome collections of grid cells with respect to biome change or migration rates; in some scenarios, however, hotspots exhibited relatively high biome change and low migration rates. Especially vulnerable hotspots were the Cape Floristic Region, Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Mediterranean Basin, Southwest Australia, and Tropical Andes, where plant extinctions per hotspot sometimes exceeded 2000 species. Under the assumption that projected habitat changes were attained in 100 years, estimated global-warming-induced rates of species extinctions in tropical hotspots in some cases exceeded those due to deforestation, supporting suggestions that global warming is one of the most serious threats to the planet's biodiversity. C1 Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. Univ New England, Dept Ecosyst Management, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Climate Change Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Malcolm, JR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. EM jay.malcolm@utoronto.ca RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 34 TC 299 Z9 327 U1 39 U2 359 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 538 EP 548 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00364.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200031 PM 16903114 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Heatherly, LG AF Mengistu, A Heatherly, LG TI Planting date, irrigation, maturity group, year, and environment effects on Phomopsis longicolla, seed germination, and seed health rating of soybean in the early soybean production system of the midsouthern USA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE soybean seed quality; Phomopsis longicolla; seed health rating; soybean seed germination; early soybean production system plantings ID CLAY SOIL; INFECTION; YIELD; TERMINATION; QUALITY AB Field studies were conducted in 1995-1997 and in 2001 in plots naturally infested with Phomopsis sp. at Stoneville, MS (33 degrees 26'N latitude) to determine the effects of irrigation, maturity group (MG), year and date of planting (DOP) on the incidence of Phomopsis longicolla (PL), seed germination, and seed health rating (SHR), a measure of diseased seed and germinated seedlings, in the early soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system (ESPS). Except for only an irrigation effect on SHR, there was a significant effect due to year, irrigation, MG, and DOP on the incidence of P. longicolla and seed germination. There was a negative relationship between PL and seed germination in 1995 (r = -0.77, P <= 0.05), 1996 (r = -0.97, P <= 0.05) and 2001 (r = -0.87, P <= 0.05). There was also a negative relationship between germination and SHR in 1996 (r = -0.98, P <= 0.05), 1997 (r = -0.86, P <= 0.05), and 2001 (r = -0.99, P <= 0.05), but not in 1995. There was a positive relationship between PL and SHR for 1996 (r = 0.97, P <= 0.05), 1997, and 2001 (r = 0.87, P <= 0.05). Irrigated treatments in drier years (1995 and 1997) produced a higher level of PL than did nonirrigated treatments, suggesting that soil moisture could have increased the relative humidity in the canopy that provided favorable environment for PL. The incidence of PL was also associated with total rainfall and rainfall frequency for each year. It was higher in 1996 and 2001 than in 1995 and 1997. Germination was increased and PL and SHR were reduced in seed from drier years. The rainfall amount in August of 2001 and 1996 was 220 and 112mm, and the number of rainy days in the same month was 14 and I I days, respectively. Early planting of MG IV varieties resulted in higher level of PL and SHR and lower germination. Conducive moisture environment overrode the effects of irrigation. A significant difference between MG IV and V in 2001 was detected in SHR and germination than in PL. This indicates that SHR and germination may be used in concert when evaluating the effect of PL on seed quality. This research highlights the importance and significance of PL and its effect on SHR and seed germination. It also highlights that environmental conditions that are conducive are required to see significant treatment effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM amengistu@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.05.011 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 014RE UT WOS:000235496800002 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Premakumar, R Tallury, SP AF Livingston, DP Premakumar, R Tallury, SP TI Carbohydrate partitioning between upper and lower regions of the crown in oat and rye during cold acclimation and freezing SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation.; oat (Avena sativa); rye (Secale cereale); freezing; apical ineristem; crown; carbohydrates; fructan; histology ID WINTER-OAT; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BARLEY; LEAVES; SUGARS; TOLERANCE; STRESS; STABILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; PRESERVATION AB Carbohydrates have long been recognized as an important aspect of freezing tolerance in plants but the association between these two factors is often ambiguous. To help clarify the relationship, the allocation of carbohydrates between specific tissues Within the over wintering organ (crown) of winter cereals was measured. A winter-hardy and non-winter-hardy oat (Avena saliva L.), and a rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar were grown and frozen Under controlled conditions. Crown tissue was fractionated into an upper portion, called the apical region, and a lower portion, called the lower crown. These tissues were ground in liquid N and extracted with water. Extracts were analyzed by HPLC for the simple sugars, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and for fructan of various size classes. After 3 weeks of cold acclimation at 3 degrees C, carbohyd rates accounted for approxiniately 40%, of the dry weight of oats and 60% of the dry weight of rye. The apical region, which is the tissue within the crown that acclimates to the greatest extent, was generally 10% higher in total carbohydrates than the lower crown. During a mild freeze, various carbohydrates were allocated differently between specific tissues in the three genotypes. When frozen, fructan generally decreased to a greater extent in the lower crown than in the apical region but sugars increased more in the apical region than in the lower crown. Results suggest that to understand how carbohydrates relate to freezing tolerance, regions of the crown that endure freezing stress differently Should be compared. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD APR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.11.001 PG 9 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 030AK UT WOS:000236605300004 PM 16359655 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Harris, JL Rotindo, KE AF Volk, GM Harris, JL Rotindo, KE TI Survival of mint shoot tips after exposure to cryoprotectant solution components SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimethyl sulfoxide; ethylene glycol; glycerol; shoot tips; vitrification; cryopreservation; Mentha ID CRYOPRESERVATION; VITRIFICATION; CELLS AB Many plant species can be cryopreserved by treating shoot tips with complex cryoprotectant solutions before rapidly cooling them to liquid nitrogen temperatures. Plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2), a commonly selected cryoprotectant, can be lethal with extended exposure times. To determine potentially toxic combinations, we have exposed mint shoot tips to one-, two-, three-, and four-component solutions of PVS2 chemicals (30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.4 M sucrose) at 0 and 22 degrees C. Overall, solution exposures at 22 degrees C were more damaging than exposures at 0 degrees C. Solutions with glycerol, particularly in combination with ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide, were also damaging. Cryoprotectant solutions PGluD (10% PEG8000, 10% glucose, and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide) and PVS3 (50% glycerol, 50% sucrose) were less damaging than PVS2 at 22 degrees C. When plant cryoprotectants are characterized on a toxicological and biophysical basis. less damaging cryoprotectant solutions could be developed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 12 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD APR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.11.003 PG 4 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 030AK UT WOS:000236605300014 PM 16343474 ER PT J AU White, D Chen, WD AF White, D Chen, WD TI Genetic transformation of Ascochyta rabiei using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta blight; fungus; insertional mutagenesis; plant pathogen ID CICER-ARIETINUM L; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CHICKPEA PATHOGEN; T-DNA; TUMEFACIENS; TOOL; FUNGI; RECOMBINATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SOLANAPYRONE AB In order to study pathogenic mechanisms of the plant pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, conditions for efficient transformation using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were investigated. Hygromycin B resistance ( hph) was superior to geneticin resistance ( nptII) for selecting transformants, and the hph gene was more efficiently expressed by the Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter than by the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter CaMV35S. Co-cultivation on solid media for 72 h was optimal for generating transformants, but increasing the ratio of bacterial cells to conidia did not affect transformation efficiency. All hygromycin B-resistant transformants carried transfer-DNA ( T-DNA) as determined by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and the T-DNA integrations appeared to be random and in single copy as detected by Southern hybridization. Transformants remained resistant to hygromycin B in the absence of selection. Variations in colony morphology were observed in the presence of hygromycin B under different culture conditions, and a variety of altered phenotypes including reduced virulence were observed among 550 transformants. Inverse PCR was more efficient than TAIL-PCR in identifying flanking genomic sequences from T-DNA borders, and the possible causes are discussed. This transformation technique and recovery of flanking DNA using inverse PCR will provide a useful tool for genetic studies of A. rabiei. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s00294-005-0048-8 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 021QW UT WOS:000236000700007 PM 16369840 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Kuykendall, LD AF Hunter, WJ Kuykendall, LD TI Identification and characterization of an Aeromonas salmonicida (syn Haemophilus piscium) strain that reduces selenite to elemental red selenium SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; DIVERSITY; NITRATE AB A bacterium that reduces toxic and mobile selenite to insoluble elemental selenium (Se-0) was isolated from a laboratory scale permeable reactive biobarrier. Biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment identified the isolate as Aeromonas salmonicida. Two colony types were isolated, one more resistant to selenite than the other. Both grew on agar plates containing 16 mM selenite, although the colony diameter was reduced to 8% of controls with the small colony type and to 18% with the large colony type. Further study was done with the large colony type. In anaerobic culture, this bacterium was able to use nitrate as a term electron acceptor but not selenate or selenite. In aerobic culture, when no nitrate was present, early log phase cells removed selenite at a rate of 2.6 +/- 0.42 mu mol SeO3-2/mg protein/day. Reduction was retarded by 25 mM nitrate. Mutants with a diminished ability to reduce selenite to Se-0 also had a reduced ability to reduce nitrate to nitrous oxide. This bacterium, or perhaps its enzymes or DNA, might be used to remove selenite from contaminated groundwaters. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-0303-8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 026QK UT WOS:000236357000011 PM 16550462 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Buckler, ES AF Yu, JM Buckler, ES TI Genetic association mapping and genome organization of maize SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ZEA-MAYS L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INBRED LINES; FLOWERING TIME; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE AB Association mapping, a high-resolution method for mapping quantitative trait loci based on linkage disequilibrium, holds great promise for the dissection of complex genetic traits. The recent assembly and characterization of maize association mapping panels, development of improved statistical methods, and successful association of candidate genes have begun to realize the power of candidate-gene association mapping. Although the complexity of the maize genome poses several significant challenges to the application of association mapping, the ongoing genome sequencing project will ultimately allow for a thorough genome-wide examination of nucleotide polymorphism-trait association. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 51 TC 324 Z9 372 U1 7 U2 73 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.02.003 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 037GT UT WOS:000237135800008 PM 16504497 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Mooser, V AF Ordovas, JM Mooser, V TI Metagenomics: the role of the microbiome in cardiovascular diseases SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease; gene-diet interaction; metagenomics; microbiome; microbiota; nutrigenetics; nutrition; obesity ID GUT BACTERIA; HUMAN-GENOME; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PERIODONTITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; METABOLISM; PREBIOTICS; HEALTH AB Purpose of review The human oral and intestinal microbiota interact with the host through poorly understood metabolic pathways. Investigation of such complex ecosystems and interactions has been difficult. In this paper, we assess the current evidence supporting the role of the microbiota as a significant determinant of cardiovascular disease risk. Recent findings The link between oral disease and cardiovascular disease was established about 15 years ago. The accumulated evidence supports, but does not prove a causal association between periodontal infection and cardiovascular disease and suggests some physiologically obvious connections between these pathologies, namely, inflammatory and immune responses, and hemostasis. Moreover, some studies have observed higher concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in individuals with periodontitis before periodontal treatment. Likewise, recent reports suggest the influence of the gut microbiome in the risk of common age-related diseases such as cancer and potentially cardiovascular disease through modification of classical risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance and plasma lipids. Summary The recognition that microorganisms may play an even more important role in maintaining human health than in generating diseases places metagenomics as one of the most relevant areas of future research. The knowledge of the hundreds of genomes that we host and their interaction with our own genome shall provide a much more complete understanding of the individual nutritional needs and may be an obligated part of future personalized healthcare approaches. C1 Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, Nutr & Gen Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, Nutr & Gen Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 27 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 45 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1097/01.mol.0000217897.75068.ba PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 031EW UT WOS:000236687900008 PM 16531752 ER PT J AU Young, ND Shoemaker, RC AF Young, ND Shoemaker, RC TI Genome studies and molecular genetics Part 1 Model legumes exploring the structure, function and evolution of legume genomes - Editorial overview SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENES C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Young, ND (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM neviny@umn.edu; rcsshoe@iastate.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.01.016 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024AK UT WOS:000236167100001 PM 16473039 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, RC Schlueter, J Doyle, JJ AF Shoemaker, RC Schlueter, J Doyle, JJ TI Paleopolyploidy and gene duplication in soybean and other legumes SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GLYCINE-MAX; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME DUPLICATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE; SEQUENCES; CROP AB Two of the most important observations from whole-genome sequences have been the high rate of gene birth and death and the prevalence of large-scale duplication events, including polyploidy. There is also a growing appreciation that polyploidy is more than the sum of the gene duplications it creates, in part because polyploidy duplicates the members of entire regulatory networks. Thus, it may be important to distinguish paralogs that are produced by individual gene duplications from the homoeologous sequences produced by (allo)polyploidy. This is not a simple task, for several reasons, including the chromosomally cryptic nature of many duplications and the variable rates of gene evolution. Recent progress has been made in understanding patterns of gene and genome duplication in the legume family, specifically in soybean. C1 USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, LH Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, G401 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rcsshoe@iastate.edu OI Schlueter, Jessica/0000-0002-6490-0580 NR 53 TC 127 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 18 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.01.007 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024AK UT WOS:000236167100003 PM 16458041 ER PT J AU Bortiri, E Jackson, D Hake, S AF Bortiri, E Jackson, D Hake, S TI Advances in maize genomics: the emergence of positional cloning SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; GENE; VERNALIZATION; MAP; ARABIDOPSIS; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; ENCODES; REGIONS; PROTEIN AB Positional cloning has been and remains a powerful method for gene identification in Arabidopsis. With the completion of the rice genome sequence, positional cloning in rice also took off, including the cloning of several quantitative trait loci. Positional cloning in cereals such as maize whose genomes are much larger than that of rice was considered near impossible because of the vast amounts of repetitive DNA. However, conservation of synteny across the cereal genomes, in combination with new maize resources, has now made positional cloning in maize feasible. In fact, a chromosomal walk is usually much faster than the more traditional method of gene isolation in maize by transposon tagging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan Ave, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 30 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.01.006 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024AK UT WOS:000236167100012 PM 16458573 ER PT J AU Buckler, ES Gaut, BS McMullen, MD AF Buckler, ES Gaut, BS McMullen, MD TI Molecular and functional diversity of maize SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ZEA-MAYS L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; INBRED LINES; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; FLOWERING TIME; EVOLUTION; DOMESTICATION; GENOME AB Over the past 10 000 years, man has used the rich genetic diversity of the maize genome as the raw material for domestication and subsequent crop improvement. Recent research efforts have made tremendous strides toward characterizing this diversity: structural diversity appears to be largely mediated by helitron transposable elements, patterns of diversity are yielding insights into the number and type of genes involved in maize domestication and improvement, and functional diversity experiments are leading to allele mining for future crop improvement. The development of genome sequence and germplasm resources are likely to further accelerate this progress. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 49 TC 95 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 26 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.01.013 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024AK UT WOS:000236167100013 PM 16459128 ER PT J AU Ewel, JJ AF Ewel, JJ TI Species and rotation frequency influence soil nitrogen in simplified tropical plant communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; Cedrela; cordia; Costa Rica; disturbance; Euterpe; heliconia; hyeronima; mineralization; nitrification; nitrogen; plant crop rotation ID NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; PINE PLANTATION; LEAF-LITTER; RAIN-FOREST; NITRIFICATION RATES; N MINERALIZATION; SITE PREPARATION; COSTA-RICA; TRANSFORMATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Among the many factors that potentially influence the rate at which nitrogen (N) becomes available to plants in terrestrial ecosystems are the identity and diversity of species composition, frequency of disturbance or stand turnover, and time. Replicated suites of investigator-designed communities afforded an opportunity to examine the effects of those factors on net N mineralization over a 12-year period. The communities consisted of large-stature perennial plants, comprising three tree species (Hyeronima alchorneoides, Cedrela odorata, and Cordia alliodora), a palm (Euterpe oleracea), and a large, perennial herb (Heliconia imbricata). Trees were grown in monoculture and in combination with the other two life-forms; tree monocultures were subjected to rotations of one or four years, or like the three-life-form systems, left uncut. The work was conducted on fertile soil in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica, a site with few abiotic constraints to plant growth. Rates of net N mineralization and nitrification were high, typically in the range of 0.2-0.8 mu g(.)g(-1.)d(-1), with net nitrification slightly higher than net mineralization, indicating preferential uptake of ammonium (NH4+) by plants and microbes. Net rates of N mineralization were about 30% lower in stands of one of the three tree species, Hyeronima, than in stands of the other two. Contrary to expectations, short-rotation management (one or four years) resulted in higher net rates of N mineralization than in uncut stands, whether the latter were composed of a single tree species or a combination of life-forms. Neither additional species richness nor replenishment of leached N augmented mineralization rates. The net rate at which N was supplied tended to be lowest in stands where demand for N was highest. Careful choice of species, coupled with low frequency of disturbance, can lead to maintenance of N within biomass and steady rates of within-system circulation, whereas pulses, whether caused by cutting and replanting or by the phenological traits of the species selected or combined, subject N supplies to leaching loss. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Ewel, JJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jackewel@gte.net NR 65 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 490 EP 502 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0490:SARFIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200006 PM 16711039 ER PT J AU Merriam, KE Keeley, JE Beyers, JL AF Merriam, KE Keeley, JE Beyers, JL TI Fuel breaks affect nonnative species abundance in Californian plant communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; disturbance corridors; fire; fire management; fuel breaks; fuel reduction treatments; fuels management; grazing; nonnative plants; invasive plants ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; DISTURBANCE; USA; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE; REGIMES; FOREST; ROADS; HERB AB We evaluated the abundance of normative plants on fuel breaks and in adjacent untreated areas to determine if fuel treatments promote the invasion of normative plant species. Understanding the relationship between fuel treatments and normative plants is becoming increasingly important as federal and state agencies are currently implementing large fuel treatment programs throughout the United States to reduce the threat of wildland fire. Our study included 24 fuel breaks located across the State of California. We found that normative plant abundance was over 200% higher on fuel breaks than in adjacent wildland areas. Relative nonnative cover was greater on fuel breaks constructed by bulldozers (28%) than on fuel breaks constructed by other methods (7%). Canopy cover, litter cover, and duff depth also were significantly lower on fuel breaks constructed by bulldozers, and these fuel breaks had significantly more exposed bare ground than other types of fuel breaks. There was a significant decline in relative normative cover with increasing distance from the fuel break, particularly in areas that had experienced more numerous fires during the past 50 years, and in areas that had been grazed. These data suggest that fuel breaks could provide establishment sites for normative plants.. and that nonnatives may invade surrounding areas, especially after disturbances such as fire or grazing. Fuel break construction and maintenance methods that leave some overstory canopy and minimize exposure of bare ground may be less likely to promote normative plants. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Merriam, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Cascade Province,POB 11500, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. EM kmerriam@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0515:FBANSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200008 PM 16711041 ER PT J AU Morghan, KJR Rice, KJ AF Morghan, KJR Rice, KJ TI Variation in resource availability changes the impact of invasive thistles on native bunchgrasses SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abiotic factors; California Central Valley grasslands; Centaurea solstitialis; invasive species; Nassella pulchra; native plant communities; perennial grasses ID YELLOW STARTHISTLE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANNUAL GRASSES; GRASSLAND; COMPETITION; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; INVASIBILITY AB The threat posed by invasive nonnative plants to native plant populations is one of the largest challenges facing both conservation biology and restoration ecology. California has been highly impacted by invaders, although many relict stands of native plants are found on shallow, rocky soils with limited resources. The abiotic conditions of these sites may strongly influence the performance of an invasive plant and its effect on resident native species. In addition, the maturity of native plants in these sites may modulate an invader's impact; larger, well-established plants may be better able to resist invaders. In this study we examined how the impact of an invasive thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) on a native perennial bunchgrass (Nassella pulchra) changed in response to variation in soil depth, soil water availability, and bunchgrass maturity. We measured plant performance in terms of survival, growth, reproduction, and predawn water potential. We found that soil depth, water availability, and bunchgrass maturity acted in concert to influence the impact of the invasive thistle on the native bunchgrass. Both species performed better in deep soils, especially during dry years. The combination of shallow soil and low water availability reduced C. solstitialis performance and ameliorated its negative effect on N. pulchra growth and reproduction. Higher water availability resulted in a stronger negative effect of C. solstitialis on N. pulchra in both shallow and deep soils. However, as N. pulchra matured and increased in size, we saw a steady decline in C. solstitialis growth and reproductive output. Higher water availability increased the performance of C. solstitialis in shallow soils. C. solstitialis may thus have a stronger impact on N. pulchra and be more able to invade relict stands of N. pulchra in shallow soils during high-rainfall years. However, established stands of N. pulchra appear to be more resistant to invasion by C. solstitialis as N. pulchra plants grow older and larger. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Morghan, KJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM morghan@rocketmail.com NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 528 EP 539 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0528:VIRACT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200009 PM 16711042 ER PT J AU Canham, CD Papaik, MJ Uriarte, M McWilliams, WH Jenkins, JC Twery, MJ AF Canham, CD Papaik, MJ Uriarte, M McWilliams, WH Jenkins, JC Twery, MJ TI Neighborhood analyses of canopy tree competition along environmental gradients in new England forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE competition; environmental gradients; Forest Inventory and Analysis; fundamental niche; neighborhood analyses; New England (USA) forests; realized niche; spatially explicit models; temperate forests; tree competition ID BEECH BARK DISEASE; BASAL AREA GROWTH; SAPLING GROWTH; TROPICAL FOREST; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HARDWOOD STANDS; DOUGLAS-FIR; MODEL; TEMPERATE AB We use permanent-plot data from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program for an analysis of the effects of competition on tree growth along environmental gradients for the 14 most abundant tree species in forests of northern New England, USA. Our analysis estimates actual growth for each individual tree of a given species as a function of average potential diameter growth modified by three sets of scalars that quantify the effects on growth of (1) initial target tree size (dbh), (2) local environmental conditions, and (3) crowding by neighboring trees. Potential growth of seven of the 14 species varied along at least one of the two environmental axes identified by an ordination of relative abundance of species in plots. The relative abundances of a number of species were significantly displaced from sites where they showed maximum potential growth. In all of these cases, abundance was displaced to the more resource-poor end of the environmental gradient (either low fertility or low moisture). The pattern was most pronounced among early successional species, whereas late-successional species reached their greatest abundance on sites where they also showed the highest growth in the absence of competition. The analysis also provides empirical estimates of the strength of intraspecific and interspecific competitive effects of neighbors. For all but one of the species, our results led us to reject the hypothesis that all species of competitors have equivalent effects on a target species. Most of the individual pairwise interactions were strongly asymmetric. There was a clear competitive hierarchy among the four most shade-tolerant species, and a separate competitive hierarchy among the shade-intolerant species. Our results suggest that timber yield following selective logging will vary dramatically depending on the configuration of the residual canopy, because of interspecific variation in the magnitude of both the competitive effects of different species of neighbors and the competitive responses of different species of target trees to neighbors. The matrix of competition coefficients suggests that there may be clear benefits in managing for specific mixtures of species within local neighborhoods within stands. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Canham, CD (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM ccanham@ecostudies.org RI Canham, Charles/F-6161-2011; Uriarte, Maria/L-8944-2013 OI Canham, Charles/0000-0001-8361-9148; NR 62 TC 113 Z9 122 U1 15 U2 86 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 540 EP 554 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0540:NAOCTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200010 PM 16711043 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF Kistler, KD Begley, JS Boulanger, J AF Lehmkuhl, JF Kistler, KD Begley, JS Boulanger, J TI Demography of northern flying squirrels informs ecosystem management of western interior forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Cascade Range; demography; ddensity Douglas-fir; fuel management; Glaucomys sabrinus; home range; myocophagy; northern flying squirrel; ponderosa pine ID COASTAL CONIFEROUS FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; SPOTTED OWLS; TAMIASCIURUS-DOUGLASII; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTHEASTERN-ALASKA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CASCADE MOUNTAINS AB We studied northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) demography in the eastern Washington Cascade Range to test hypotheses about regional and local abundance patterns and to inform managers of the possible effects of fire and fuels management on flying squirrels. We quantified habitat characteristics and squirrel density, population trends, and demography in three typical forest cover types over a four-year period. We had 2034 captures of flying squirrels over 41000 trap nights from 1997 through 2000 and marked 879 squirrels for mark-recapture population analysis. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest appeared to be poorer habitat for flying squirrels than young or mature mixed-conifer forest. About 35% fewer individuals were captured in open pine forest than in dry mixed-conifer Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and grand fir (Abies grandis) forests. Home ranges were 85% larger in pine forest (4.6 ha) than in mixed-conifer forests (2.5 ha). Similarly, population density (Huggins estimator) in ponderosa pine forest was half (1.1 squirrels/ha) that of mixed-conifer forest (2.2 squirrels/ha). Tree canopy cover was the single best correlate of squirrel density (r = 0.77), with an apparent threshold of 55% canopy cover separating stands with low-from high-density populations. Pradel estimates of annual recruitment were lower in open pine (0.28) than in young (0.35) and mature (0.37) forest. High recruitment was most strongly associated with high understory plant species richness and truffle biomass. Annual survival rates ranged from 45% to 59% and did not vary among cover types. Survival was most strongly associated with understory species richness and forage lichen biomass. Maximum snow depth had a strong negative effect on survival. Rate of per capita increase showed a density-dependent response. Thinning and prescribed burning in ponderosa pine and dry mixed conifer forests to restore stable fire regimes and forest structure might reduce flying squirrel densities at stand levels by reducing forest canopy, woody debris, and the diversity or biomass of understory plants, truffles, and lichens. Those impacts might be ameliorated by patchy harvesting and the retention of large trees, woody debris, and mistletoe brooms. Negative stand-level impacts would be traded for increased resistance and resilience of dry-forest landscapes to now-common, large-scale stand replacement fires. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Integrated Ecol Res, Nelson, BC V1L 5T2, Canada. RP US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM jlehmkuhl@fs.fed.us NR 107 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 584 EP 600 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0584:DONFSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200013 PM 16711046 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Minckley, RL Kervin, LJ Roulston, TH Williams, NM AF Cane, JH Minckley, RL Kervin, LJ Roulston, TH Williams, NM TI Complex responses within a desert bee guild (Hymenoptera : Apiformes) to urban habitat fragmentation SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE apiformes; biodiversity; body size; conservation; habitat fragmentation; matrix effects; nesting biology; oligolecty; pollen specialization ID PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; TRAP-NESTING BEES; TROPICAL FOREST; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; ENDANGERED MUTUALISMS; DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR; EUGLOSSINE BEES; SONORAN DESERT; SPECIES LOSS AB Urbanization within the Tucson Basin of Arizona during the past 5 years has fragmented the original desert scrub into patches of different sizes and ages. These remnant patches and the surrounding desert are dominated by Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), a long-lived shrub whose flowers are visited by > 120 native bee species across its range. Twenty-one of these bee species restrict their pollen foraging to L. tridentata. To evaluate the response of this bee fauna to fragmentation, we compared species incidence and abundance patterns for the bee guild visiting L. tridentata at 59 habitat fragments of known size (0.002-5 ha) and age (up to 70 years), and in adjacent desert. The 62 bee species caught during this study responded to fragmentation heterogeneously and not in direct relation to their abundance or incidence in undisturbed desert. Few species found outside the city were entirely absent from urban fragments. Species of ground-nesting L. tridentata specialists were underrepresented in smaller fragments and less abundant in the smaller and older fragments. In contrast, cavity-nesting bees (including one L. tridentata specialist) were overrepresented in the habitat fragments., probably due to enhanced nesting opportunities available in the urban matrix. Small-bodied bee species were no more likely than larger bodied species to be absent from the smaller fragments. The introduced European honey bee, Apis mellifera, was a minor faunal element at > 90% of the fragments and exerted little if any influence on the response of native bee species to fragmentation. Overall, bee response to urban habitat fragmentation was best predicted by ecological traits associated with nesting and dietary breadth. Had species been treated as individual units in the analyses, or pooled together into one analysis, these response patterns may not have been apparent. Pollination interactions with this floral host are probably not adversely affected in this system because of its longevity and ability to attract diverse pollinators but will demand careful further study to understand. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Virginia, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Rosemont, PA 19010 USA. RP Minckley, RL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rminckley@mail.rochester.edu NR 102 TC 122 Z9 126 U1 15 U2 123 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 632 EP 644 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0632:CRWADB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200017 PM 16711050 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Ward, JP Havstad, KM AF Bestelmeyer, BT Ward, JP Havstad, KM TI Soil-geomorphic heterogeneity governs patchy vegetation dynamics at an arid ecotone SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; Chihuahuan Desert; patch dynamics; rangeland; self-organization; state-and-transition model; threshold ID DESERT SHRUB; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE; MANAGEMENT; VIEWPOINT; GRASSLAND; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION AB Soil properties are well known to affect vegetation, but the role of soil heterogeneity in the patterning of vegetation dynamics is poorly documented. We asked whether the location of an ecotone separating grass-dominated and sparsely vegetated areas reflected only historical variation in degradation or was related to variation in inherent soil properties We then asked whether changes in the cover and spatial organization of vegetated and bare patches assessed using repeat aerial photography reflected self-organizing dynamics unrelated to soil variation or the stable patterning of soil variation. We found that the present-day ecotone was related to a shift from more weakly to more strongly developed soils. Parts of the ecotone were stable over a 60-year period, but shifts between bare and vegetated states, as well as persistently vegetated and bare states, occurred largely in small (< 40 m(2)) patches throughout the study area. The probability that patches were presently vegetated or bare, as well as the probability that vegetation persisted and/or established over the 60-year period, was negatively related to surface calcium carbonate and positively related to subsurface clay content. Thus, only a fraction of the landscape was Susceptible to vegetation change, and the sparsely vegetated area probably featured a higher frequency of susceptible soil patches. Patch dynamics and self-organizing processes can be constrained by subtle (and often unrecognized) soil heterogeneity. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 55 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 963 EP 973 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[963:SHGPVD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033QF UT WOS:000236863200019 PM 16676540 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Callaway, RM AF Pearson, DE Callaway, RM TI Biological control agents elevate hantavirus by subsidizing deer mouse populations SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biological control; Centaurea maculosa; disease ecology; food subsidies; hantavirus; indirect effects; invasive species; non-target effects; Peromyscus maniculatus; Urophora ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; QUADRIFASCIATA MEIG DIPTERA; KNAPWEED CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; UROPHORA-AFFINIS FRFLD; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; PULMONARY SYNDROME; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; TEPHRITIDAE AB Biological control of exotic invasive plants using exotic insects is practiced under the assumption that biological control agents are safe if they do not directly attack non-target species. We tested this assumption by evaluating the potential for two host-specific biological control agents (Urophora spp.), widely established in North America for spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) control, to indirectly elevate Sin Nombre hantavirus by providing food subsidies to populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), the primary reservoir for the virus. We show that seropositive deer mice (mice testing positive for hantavirus) were over three times more abundant in the presence of the biocontrol food subsidy. Elevating densities of seropositive mice may increase risk of hantavirus infection in humans and significantly alter hantavirus ecology. Host specificity alone does not ensure safe biological control. To minimize indirect risks to non-target species, biological control agents must suppress pest populations enough to reduce their own numbers. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00896.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027AE UT WOS:000236384100009 PM 16623730 ER PT J AU Langford, WT Gergel, SE Dietterich, TG Cohen, W AF Langford, WT Gergel, SE Dietterich, TG Cohen, W TI Map misclassification can cause large errors in landscape pattern indices: Examples from habitat fragmentation SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; landscape metrics; landscape pattern indices; spatial error; classification error; thematic map; accuracy assessment; remote sensing; uncertainty ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; COVER; DEFORESTATION; MODELS; SENSITIVITY; AMAZONIA; ECOLOGY; METRICS AB Although habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide, virtually no attention has been paid to the quantification of error in fragmentation statistics. Landscape pattern indices (LPIs), such as mean patch size and number of patches, are routinely used to quantify fragmentation and are often calculated using remote-sensing imagery that has been classified into different land-cover classes. No classified map is ever completely correct, so we asked if different maps with similar misclassification rates could result in widely different errors in pattern indices. We simulated landscapes with varying proportions of habitat and clumpiness (autocorrelation) and then simulated classification errors on the same maps. We simulated higher misclassification at patch edges (as is often observed), and then used a smoothing algorithm routinely used on images to correct salt-and-pepper classification error. We determined how well classification errors (and smoothing) corresponded to errors seen in four pattern indices. Maps with low misclassification rates often yielded errors in LPIs of much larger magnitude and substantial variability. Although smoothing usually improved classification error, it sometimes increased LPI error and reversed the direction of error in LPIs introduced by misclassification. Our results show that classification error is not always a good predictor of errors in LPIs, and some types of image postprocessing (for example, smoothing) might result in the underestimation of habitat fragmentation. Furthermore, our results suggest that there is potential for large errors in nearly every landscape pattern analysis ever published, because virtually none quantify the errors in LPIs themselves. C1 Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Langford, WT (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM langfob@nceas.ucsb.edu NR 41 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 474 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0119-1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037BL UT WOS:000237121600012 ER PT J AU Stanley, DW Miller, JS AF Stanley, DW Miller, JS TI Eicosanoid actions in insect cellular immune functions SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Review DE insect immunity; intercellular signaling; eicosanoid biosynthesis; prostaglandins; biological control; hemocyte eicosanoid receptors; bacterial infection; Manduca sexta ID MEDIATE NODULATION REACTIONS; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORMS; MICROAGGREGATION REACTIONS; BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS; PROSTANOID RECEPTORS; TRYPANOSOMA-RANGELI AB Insects are more or less constantly challenged with a daunting array of pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans as well as various metazoan parasites and parasitoids. At the first level of defense, the pathogens are rebuffed by physical barriers, including the cuticle and peritrophic membrane. Upon breaching these barriers, pathogens meet with an arsenal of robust and efficacious immune defense mechanisms. Two general categories of defenses are typically recognized, humoral defenses and hemocytic or cellular defenses. The former involves induced synthesis of various antibacterial proteins and peptides, such as cecropins and lysozyme. Cellular defense mechanisms are characterized by direct interactions between circulating hemocytes and the invaders. These include phagocytosis, microaggregation, nodulation, and encapsulation. Microaggregation is a step in the nodulation process, which is responsible for clearing the bulk of bacterial infections from circulation. Coordinated cellular actions lead to encapsulation of invaders, such as parasitoid eggs, that are very much larger than individual hemocytes. While the defense mechanisms are broadly appreciated, less is known about the biochemical signals responsible for mediating and coordinating the cellular actions. We now know eicosanoids mediate phagocytosis, microaggregation, and nodulation reactions to immune challenge, as well as cell spreading, a specific step in nodulation. We have several goals in this mini review. We provide a brief background on cellular immunity, outline eicosanoid biosynthesis, and review eicosanoid actions in cellular immunity in insects. Recent work indicates some pathogens have usurped eicosanoid-mediated immunity; they disable insect immunity by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. We interpret these findings and their significance with respect to the biological control of insects. We also present preliminary work designed to test hypotheses on how eicosanoids exert their actions. We address shortcomings in our knowledge on eicosanoids in insect biology. C1 USDA ARS, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stanley, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BCIRL, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 63 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00406.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021YU UT WOS:000236022600001 ER PT J AU Myers, SW Gratton, C AF Myers, SW Gratton, C TI Influence of potassium fertility on soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera : Aphididae), population dynamics at a field and regional scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottom-up effects; host plant quality; life table ID BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE; MYZUS PERSICAE; HOST-PLANT; NITROGEN; HOMOPTERA; REPRODUCTION; AVAILABILITY; PREDATORS AB Soybean aphid populations have been hypothesized to respond to nutrient availability in soybean plants. We examined bow soil potassium (K) deficiency affects soybean aphid population at both regional and field level scales. First, we measured soil and leaf nutrient levels and monitored soybean aphid populations in 34 production soybean fields throughout Wisconsin. A principle component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the relationship between soil and leaf nutrients and soybean aphid population growth. Results showed that aphid population growth rate was negatively correlated with soil K and P and leaf K, N, P, and S, whereas peak aphid densities were positively correlated with the same suite of soil and leaf nutrients. In a manipulative field experiment, we established low, medium, and high K fertility soybean plots and determined life table parameters of soybean aphids. Aphids developing within clip-cages showed a significantly greater intrinsic rate of population increase and net reproductive rate in the low K treatments in comparison with the medium and high K treatments. In these same plots, naturally colonizing populations of soybean aphids also had significantly higher peak abundance and rate of population increase in the low K treatment compared with medium and high K treatments. In general, these findings indicate that soil K availability and leaf K levels affect plant quality and may play an important role in soybean aphid population dynamics. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Otsi ANG Base, MA 02542 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gratton, C (reprint author), 444 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53714 USA. EM gratton@entomology.wisc.edu NR 51 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500005 ER PT J AU Zhu, JW Zhang, AJ Park, KC Baker, T Lang, B Jurenka, R Obrycki, JJ Graves, WR Pickett, JA Smiley, D Chauhan, KR Klun, JA AF Zhu, JW Zhang, AJ Park, KC Baker, T Lang, B Jurenka, R Obrycki, JJ Graves, WR Pickett, JA Smiley, D Chauhan, KR Klun, JA TI Sex pheromone of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, and its potential use in semiochemical-based control SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone; artificial induction of pheromone-emitting females; (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol; (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone; field trapping ID MALES; FIELD; COMPONENTS AB The newly invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, has seriously threatened soybean production in North America, after having spread to > 20 states in the United States and several southern provinces of Canada. Control of A. glycines has focused on applications of insecticides, which are not a long-term solution to soybean aphid pest management. In autumn, soybean aphids start producing alate females (gynoparae) that search for their overwintering host plants, the common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica. The gynoparae then produce pheromone-emitting wingless female offspring (oviparae) that attract male aphids. In this study, we report the chemical identification of the soybean aphid sex pheromone using gas chromatography-electroantennogram, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Behavioral activities of males and gynoparous females in the field were also characterized, The potential applications using formulations containing specific soybean aphid pheromone compositions for reducing overwintering populations are discussed. C1 MSTRS Technol Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Rothamsted Res, Biol Chem Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Zhu, JW (reprint author), MSTRS Technol Inc, 2501 N Loop Dr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jwzhu@iastate.edu OI Zhu, Junwei/0000-0001-9846-9656 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500009 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Bergh, JC Walgenbach, JF Zhang, AJ AF Leskey, TC Bergh, JC Walgenbach, JF Zhang, AJ TI Attractiveness and specificity of pheromone-baited traps for male dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula Harris (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; dogwood borer; sex pheromone; Sesiidae; monitoring traps ID CLONAL APPLE ROOTSTOCKS; MATING DISRUPTION; SEX-PHEROMONE; NEW-YORK; INFESTATION; ORCHARDS; ATTRACTANTS; BIOLOGY; DAMAGE AB Captures of male dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris), in traps baited with trinary and binary blends of the female sex pheromone components were compared with those in traps baited with the most effective commercially available lure in apple orchards in West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina. Traps baited with the trinary blend [88:6:6 vol:vol:vol (Z,Z)-3,13 octadecadienyl acetate (ODDA):(E,Z)-2,13-ODDA:(Z,E)-3,13-ODDA] and the binary blend [96:4 (Z,Z)-3,13-ODDA: (E,Z) -2,13-ODDA] captured significantly more male dogwood borers than traps baited with the best commercial lure. Although the trinary blend captured the most males, there was no significant difference in captures with the binary blend at all six field sites. Chemical analysis revealed that the commercial lure contained 91.5% (ZZ)-3,13-ODDA, 7.3% (Z,E)-3,13-ODDA, and 1.2% (E,Z)-3,13-ODDA, a potent behavioral antagonist of dogwood borer. Species specificity of the trinary and binary blends was very high; > 97% of all moths captured were dogwood borer compared with 6-74.4% for the commercial lure. Male dogwood borer showed a concentration-dependent response to traps baited with different source concentrations of the trinary blend at all locations and of the binary blend at most locations. Between 4 and 113 times more male dogwood borers were captured in traps baited with the trinary blend within commercial orchards than within adjacent woodland habitats. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tleskey@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 268 EP 275 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500011 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Adams, T Zack, RS AF Landolt, PJ Adams, T Zack, RS TI Field response of alfalfa looper and cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae, Plusiinae) to single and binary blends of floral odorants SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lure; attractant; trap; feeding; floral ID FLOWERS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM AB In field tests of floral chemicals dispensed singly, alfalfa looper moths, Autographa californica (Speyer), were captured in traps baited with phenylacetaldehyde, beta-myrcene, or benzyl acetate. Cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) were also captured in traps baited with phenylacetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, or methyl-2-methoxy benzoate. In evaluations of binary blends of those same compounds, generally more alfalfa looper moths were trapped when beta-myrcene was presented with phenylacetaldehyde or with benzyl acetate compared with phenylacetaldehyde alone or benzyl acetate alone. Similarly, more cabbage looper moths were trapped with beta-myreene with phenylacetaldehyde compared with phenylacetaldehyde alone. These findings provide new chemical blends for luring and trapping both sexes of alfalfa looper and cabbage looper moths and suggest differences in preferences of these two moth species for floral odorants. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM landolt@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500012 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE TI Susceptibility of the lesser peachtree borer (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes under laboratory conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema; Synanthedon pictipes ID HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA OSWEGO; NEOAPLECTANA-BIBIONIS NEMATODA; INSECT PARASITIC NEMATODE; IN-VIVO PRODUCTION; GRAPE ROOT BORER; SYNANTHEDON-TIPULIFORMIS; VITACEA-POLISTIFORMIS; ORCHARDS; STEINERNEMA; POPULATIONS AB The lesser peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), is an important pest of Prunus spp. We determined the susceptibility of S. pictipes to six entomopathogenic nematode species: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, H. indica Poinar, Karunakar and David, H. inarelatus Liu and Berry, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), S. feltiae (Filipjev), and S. riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston. Nematode virulence in S. pictipes was compared with virulence in two known susceptible hosts, Galleria mellonella L. and Tenebrio molitor L. In S. pictipes, the steinernematids were more virulent than the heterorhabditids, the virulence of S. carpocapsae was greater than S. riobrave, with S. feltiae being intermediate between the two, and no differences in virulence were detected among the heterorhabditids. Each nematode exhibited similar or greater virulence to S. pictipes than to T molitor, and the steinernematids' virulence to S. pictipes was greater or similar to H. bacteriophora or H. marelatus virulence in G. mellonella. A quadratic dose-response relationship was detected between S. carpocapsae and S. pictipes, and an LC50 was estimated to be 7.99. Comparisons of steinernematid reproductive potential per host, or per milligram host, generally indicated the highest production in G. mellonella; production in S. pictipes was similar or greater than in T. molitor. In S. pictipes, no differences in reproduction were detected among nematode species. Based on our findings and other studies on related insect species, we conclude that the prospects for controlling S. pictipes with entomopathogenic nematodes are promising (particularly with S. carpocapsae and S.feltiae), and field testing is warranted. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 358 EP 365 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500022 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Kral, AM Pratt, PD AF Franks, SJ Kral, AM Pratt, PD TI Herbivory by introduced insects reduces growth and survival of Melaleuca quinquenervia seedlings SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; Florida Everglades; insect interactions; invasive species; weed biological control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; INVASIVE TROPICAL SHRUB; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; SOUTH FLORIDA; MIMOSA-PIGRA; PLANTS; SEEDS; FIELD; PERFORMANCE; BIOCONTROL AB We studied the influence of herbivory by two introduced insect herbivores on the survival and performance of seedlings of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake (Myrtaceae), an invasive tree that threatens the Florida Everglades ecosystem. Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (Moore) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) nymphs and Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae were transferred onto Melaleuca seedlings within replicated 0.25-m(2) caged plots in Palm Beach County, FL. The treatments included three densities of Boreioglycaspis first instars at 1, 15, and 50 nymphs per seedling, one treatment of a single first Oxyops larval instar per seedling, another treatment of both one Oxyops larva and one Boreioglycaspis nymph per seedling, and caged and uncaged controls. Herbivory by Oxyops did not affect Melaleuca seedling height, leaf number, or survival. Feeding by Boreioglycaspis decreased survival, height, and leaf number, with these measures of plant performance approximate to 50% lower in the high and medium densities compared with controls. In a field plot adjacent to the experimental area, we measured growth, survival, and naturally occurring insect density and damage oil 1,100 seedlings. Although insect densities were on average lower in the field plot than ill the experiment, mortality and growth rates of the seedlings were comparable with those in the experiment. The results indicate that, above a threshold density, Bareioglycaspis herbivory may be effective in reducing growth and survival of Melaleuca at the potentially critical seedling life stage. It also seemed that effects of the insects were independent rather than antagonistic or synergistic. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM sfranks@uci.edu NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 366 EP 372 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500023 ER PT J AU Parajulee, MN Shrestha, RB Leser, JF Wester, DB Blanco, CA AF Parajulee, MN Shrestha, RB Leser, JF Wester, DB Blanco, CA TI Evaluation of the functional response of selected arthropod predators on bollworm eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE functional response; attack rate; predation; cotton bollworm eggs; biological control ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; HETEROPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; POPULATIONS; HABITAT; SEARCH; PLAINS AB A functional response study of the eight most common arthropod predators of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), eggs was conducted in the laboratory. Predators were starved for 24 h, and single predators were exposed to different prey density treatments. Predation response was observed at 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding trials began. At the highest prey density (150 eggs per predator), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville and Collops quadrimaculatus (F.) adults and Chrysopa oculata Say larvae showed the highest consumption rates (116, 85, and 119 eggs/24 h, respectively), followed by H. convergens larvae (51 eggs/24 h), adult Geocoris punctipes (Say) (45 eggs/24 h), and adult Scymnus loewii Mulsant, Orius insidiosus (Say), Notoxus spp., and Nabis capsiformis Germar (1, 1, 10, and 12 eggs/24 h, respectively). Adult Notoxus spp., N. capsiformis, and O. insidiosus showed type 1 functional response, whereas adult C. quadrimaculatus, G. punctipes, H. convergens, and larval H. convergens and C. oculata showed type 2 response. All predators consumed the highest number of bollworm eggs at 35 degrees C and the lowest numbers at 15 degrees C; predation rate at 35 degrees C was four times higher than that at 15 degrees C. The prey density-dependent behavior of predators and effect of temperature on their predation behavior are discussed. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fishery, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Parajulee, MN (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, 1102 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM m-parajulee@tamu.edu NR 25 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500025 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ Moon, RD Butler, JF AF Geden, CJ Moon, RD Butler, JF TI Host ranges of six solitary filth fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) from Florida, Eurasia, Morocco, and Brazil SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax raptor; Spalangia cameroni; Spalangia endius; Spalangia nigroaenea; Dirhinus himalayanus ID MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; ILLINOIS CATTLE FEEDLOTS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; PUPAL PARASITOIDS; STABLE FLIES; MUSCIDAE PUPAE; SPALANGIA-CAMERONI; HORN FLY AB Attack rates, progeny production, sex ratios, and host use efficiency of Muscidufurax raptor Girualt and Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. endius (Walker), S. nigroaenea Curtis, S. gemina Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), and Dirhinus himalayanus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays with five dipteran hosts: house fly (Musca domestica L.), stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.), horn fly (Hematobia irritans L.), black dump fly [Hydrotaea aenescens (Weidemann)] (Diptera: Muscidae), and a flesh fly (Sarcophaga bullata Parker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). M. raptor, S.cameroni, and S. endius readily attacked and produced progeny on all five host species, with substantially lower production from S. bullata than from the muscid hosts. Rates of host attacks by S. nigroaenea and S. gemina were similar on house fly, stable fly, and black dump fly hosts, with lower rates on horn fly; almost no progeny were produced by S. nigroaenea on S. bullata hosts. D. himalayanus, a large-bodied chalcidid parasitoid, had highest rates of host attacks and progeny production on S. bullata and H. aenescens, followed by stable fly and house fly hosts; very few progeny were produced by this species on horn fly hosts. Overall differences among different geographic strains of parasitoids (from Russia, Kazkhstan, and Florida) were generally small, although the Florida strain of M. raptor was superior to the two Eurasian strains. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. EM cgeden@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500029 ER PT J AU Bergh, JC Leskey, TC Sousa, JM Zhang, A AF Bergh, JC Leskey, TC Sousa, JM Zhang, A TI Diel periodicity of emergence and premating reproductive behaviors of adult dogwood borer (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; calling; pheromone; trapping; apple ID SYNANTHEDON-SCITULA LEPIDOPTERA; CLONAL APPLE ROOTSTOCKS; PEACH TREE BORER; NEW-YORK; BIOLOGY; FEMALE; INFESTATION; WISCONSIN; PHEROMONE; ORCHARDS AB The emergence and premating reproductive behaviors of adult dogwood borer moths, Synanthedon scitula Harris (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), were examined under controlled conditions in the laboratory and in apple orchards in Virginia. The diel periodicity of male response to pheromone sources was recorded using traps baited with commercial pheromone lures and with a recently identified, trinary blend of dogwood borer sex pheromone components. An earlier study reporting a significant effect of pheromone trap, height on the capture of male dogwood borer was revisited, using commercial lures and the new pheromone. Under a 16:8 (L:D)-h photo regimen, the emergence of male and female moths showed a diel periodicity, peaking at 0600 hours. Sexual receptivity of female moths, indicated by the onset of calling behavior, occurred in most individuals on the day after emergence and was observed only (luring the crepuscular period just before and after sunset. Similarly, the capture of male dogwood borer in traps deployed in July and baited)with Virgin female moths or pheromone lures coincided with the period of female calling behavior, peaking sharply between 2000 and 2100 hours. When pheromone-baited traps were deployed in September, the peak capture of male dogwood borer Occurred earlier, between 1900 and 2000 hours. Traps baited with a commercial lure captured significantly more male dogwood borer at 1.8 in (6 ft), whereas those baited with the trinary dog,wood borer sex pheromone captured similar numbers of males at elevations ranging from 1.2 to 2.4 in (4-8 ft). Use of the new dogwood borer sex pheromone has tremendously increased the precision of trapping data and has yielded reliable measurements of the behavior and abundance of male moths that pertain directly to improved monitoring and management capabilities. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bergh, JC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cbergh@vt.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500032 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Sanderson, JP Wraight, SP AF Ugine, TA Sanderson, JP Wraight, SP TI Within-plant and temporal distribution of nymphal and adult western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae), on flowers and foliage of greenhouse impatiens, Impatiens wallerana, and implications for pest population sampling SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; western flower thrips; sampling; within-plant distribution ID CUCUMERIS ACARI; CUCUMBER; COTTON; PHYTOSEIIDAE; OVIPOSITION; THYSAN.; FOOD AB The development of cost-effective management and sampling techniques for western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on garden impatiens, Impatiens wallerana (Hook. f.), requires that information about the within-plant distribution and diurnal patterns of thrips abundance be known. Impatiens flower bud development was divided into five arbitrary stages, representing tightly closed buds through fully opened flowers. Numbers of immature and adult thrips associated with these flower stages were determined at six times daily (0000, 0200, 0600, 0800, 1400, and 2000 hours). In addition, thrips distribution was determined among flowers with and without pollen, and on budless foliage, at two times daily (0800 and 0000 hours). Each successive stage of flower bud development contained significantly more adult female and immature thrips than the previous stage. The oldest flowers contained significantly fewer immature thrips than penultimate stage buds. There,vas no effect of sampling time on thrips density across flower bud stages. Flowers with pollen had significantly more adult female thrips compared with flowers without pollen, but numbers of adult male and immature thrips were not affected by presence of pollen. Foliage consistently contained the fewest of all life stages of thrips. There was a significant effect of time on female thrips abundance within the fully opened flower with pollen category and no effect of time on immature thrips abundance. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Old Insectary Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 507 EP 515 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500040 ER PT J AU Gore, J Abel, CA Adamczyk, JJ Snodgrass, G AF Gore, J Abel, CA Adamczyk, JJ Snodgrass, G TI Influence of soybean planting date and maturity group on stink bug (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euschistus servus; Acrosternum hilare; Nezara viridula; population dynamics ID PRODUCTION SYSTEM; YIELD AB Field experiments were conducted in Stoneville, MS, to determine the impact of soybean planting date and maturity group on stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) populations. Maturity group IV and V soybeans were planted on three planting dates in 2003 and 2004. Planting dates were late March-early April, late April-early May, and late May-early June. Plots were sampled weekly with a standard 38.1-cm-diameter sweep net. Planting date and maturity group each had a significant effect on stink bug populations. In general, the earliest planting date had the lowest densities of stink bugs, whereas the latest planting date had the highest densities of stink bugs. Over the 2-yr period, cumulative numbers of stink bugs (SE) ranged from 17.9 (6.25) per 25 sweeps for the first planting to 190.9 (20.03) per 25 sweeps for the third planting date when averaged across maturity groups. Additionally, stink bug populations were generally lower on maturity group IV soybeans than on maturity group V soybeans. Cumulative numbers of stink bugs on maturity group IV soybeans averaged 52.4 (26.23) and 25.2 (6.93) in 2003 and 2004, respectively. On maturity group V soybeans, Cumulative numbers of stink bugs averaged 96.9 (28.05) and 85.7 (40.84) in 2003 and 2004, respectively. These data provide valuable information about the population dynamics of stink bugs and indicate that early plantings of maturity group IV soybeans in the mid-South will escape heavy stink bug densities. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jgore@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 531 EP 536 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500043 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL Nuessly, G Hall, DG AF Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL Nuessly, G Hall, DG TI Effects of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) interstrain mating in wild populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; host strains; interstrain mating; FR ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST STRAINS; SEQUENCE; INSECTS; FLORIDA; SPECIATION; CORN AB Fall armyworm is a significant agricultural pest in the United States, affecting most notably sweet corn and turfgrass. Two morphologically identical strains, rice strain (R-strain) and corn strain (C-strain), exist that differ physiologically and behaviorally and can be identified by mitochondrial haplotyping. Recent studies of overwintering populations in Florida indicate that the mitochondrial lineage associated with the R-strain itself consists of two genetically distinct subgroups, with one having molecular markers consistent with interstrain hybridization between R-strain females and C-strain males. To test this possibility and examine the ramifications of interstrain mating on population behavior and strain fidelity, larvae and adult males were tested for genetic marker combinations representative of the host strains and potential hybrids. These Studies showed a sexually dimorphic distribution pattern for a sex-linked marker that is a predicted result of interstrain mating. Despite evidence of substantial interbreeding in the overwintering sites, both FR and the strain-diagnostic mitochondrial markers still showed the plant host and habitat biases associated with the host strains, indicating that strain integrity was largely maintained. However, there is evidence that the two R-strain subpopulations differ in habitat distribution in a manner suggestive of the "hybrid" genotype being less specific in its plant host preference. The existence of a genetically distinct hybrid subpopulation must be taken into account when evaluating fall armyworm population dynamics and infestation patterns in overwintering areas. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rnagoshi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 561 EP 568 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 033RB UT WOS:000236865500047 ER PT J AU McCool, SF Burchfield, JA Williams, DR Carroll, MS AF McCool, SF Burchfield, JA Williams, DR Carroll, MS TI An event-based approach for examining the effects of wildland fire decisions on communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE communities; wildland fire; social impacts ID URBAN INTERFACE; WILDFIRE; DISASTER AB Public concern over the consequences of forest fire to wildland interface communities has led to increased resources devoted to fire suppression, fuel treatment, and management of fire events. The social consequences of the decisions involved in these and other fire-related actions are largely unknown, except in an anecdotal sense, but do occur at a variety of temporal and social organizational scales. These consequences are not limited to the fire event itself. Preparation for the possibility of a fire, actions that suppression agencies take during a fire, and postfire decisions all have consequences, if unknown currently. This article presents an "event-based" approach that can be useful for constructing and systematizing discussion about the consequences of wildland fire to human communities. For each of the three major periods within this approach, agencies, communities, and individuals make decisions and take actions that have consequences. The article presents an integrated, temporally based process for examining these consequences, which is similar to others developed in the natural hazards and disaster management literature. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McCool, SF (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM smccool@forestry.umt.edu RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0054-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017TP UT WOS:000235716500001 PM 16465562 ER PT J AU Stromberg, JC Lite, SJ Rychener, TJ Levick, LR Dixon, MD Watts, JM AF Stromberg, Juliet C. Lite, Sharon J. Rychener, Tyler J. Levick, Lainie R. Dixon, Mark D. Watts, Joseph M. TI Status of the riparian ecosystem in the upper San Pedro River, Arizona: Application of an assessment model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE assessment; arid region stream; bioindicator; ecosystem condition; ground water; riparian vegetation; Salix gooddingii ID ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; WATER; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; STREAM; FLOWS; TREES; BASIN AB A portion of Arizona's San Pedro River is managed as a National Riparian Conservation Area but is potentially affected by ground-water withdrawals beyond the conservation area borders. We applied an assessment model to the Conservation Area as a basis for monitoring long-term changes in riparian ecosystem condition resulting from changes in river water availability, and collected multi-year data on a subset of the most sensitive bioindicators. The assessment model is based on nine vegetation bioindicators that are sensitive to changes in surface water or ground water. Site index scores allow for placement into one of three condition classes, each reflecting particular ranges for site hydrology and vegetation structure. We collected the bioindicator data at 26 sites distributed among 14 reaches that had similar stream flow hydrology (spatial flow intermittency) and geomorphology (channel sinuosity, flood-plain width). Overall, 39% of the riparian corridor fell within condition class 3 (the wettest condition), 55% in condition class 2, and 6% in the driest condition class. Condition class 3 reaches have high cover of herbaceous wetland plants (e.g., Juncus and Schoenoplectus spp.) along the perennial stream channel and dense, multi-aged Populus-Salix woodlands in the flood plain, sustained by shallow ground water in the stream alluvium. In condition class 2, intermittent stream flows result in low cover of streamside wetland herbs, but Populus-Salix remain abundant in the flood plain. Perennial wetland plants are absent from condition class 1, reflecting highly intermittent stream flows; the flood plain is vegetated by Tamarix, a small tree that tolerates the deep and fluctuating ground water levels that typify this reach type. Abundance of herbaceous wetland plants and growth rate of Salix gooddingii varied between years with different stream flow rates, indicating utility of these measures for tracking short-term responses to hydrologic change. Repeat measurement of all bioindicators will indicate long-term trends in hydro-vegetational condition. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jstrom@asu.edu RI Dixon, Mark/F-2641-2011 OI Dixon, Mark/0000-0002-0345-5655 NR 75 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-6549-1 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062VM UT WOS:000238973500009 PM 16648960 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A Scudlark, JR Simonich, S AF Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A Scudlark, JR Simonich, S TI Spray irrigation of treated municipal wastewater as a potential source of atmospheric PBDEs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; AIR; ENVIRONMENT; EFFLUENT; CARBON; URBAN AB Spray irrigation facilities utilizing treated municipal wastewater are a potential source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to the atmosphere. PBDEs are used as flame retardants in many household items and have been found in wastewaters and biosolids. Evidence of PBDE release from spray irrigation facilities was discovered during a multiyear project to measure semivolatile organic chemical concentrations in air. Four BDE congeners (47, 99, 100, and 154) were monitored at three remote/rural locations in Maryland and Delaware from 2001 to 2003. Average concentrations at two of the sites (BDE-47, 10-17 pg/m(3); BDE-99, 5.3-7.7 pg/m(3)) reflect background levels. Average concentrations at the third location were 5-10 times higher (BDE-47,175 pg/m(3); BDE-99, 26 pg/m(3)) and were significantly correlated (p < 0.0001) with temperature indicating local source(s). Several spray irrigation facilities are located south and west of the third site, the prevailing wind direction during the spring and summer when most samples were collected. The fine mist released from the irrigation equipment may enhance release to the atmosphere via air-water gas exchange from water droplets. Temporal trends indicate that aerial concentrations of PBDEs in this area are increasing at an exponential rate; the atmospheric doubling times for the different congeners range from 1.1 to 1.7 yrs. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2142 EP 2148 DI 10.1021/es051931j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GC UT WOS:000236691600025 PM 16646445 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Wang, QQ AF Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Wang, QQ TI Reducing 1,3-dichloropropene emissions from soil columns amended with thiourea SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHYL-BROMIDE; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; AIR CONCENTRATIONS; FUMIGANTS; VOLATILIZATION; CHLOROPICRIN; DEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; BARRIER AB Soil fumigants are becoming an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, especially in some agricultural areas. In this study, we used thiourea to construct a reactive surface barrier (RSB) at the soil surface for reducing 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) volatilization. The agrochemical thiourea could rapidly transform volatile 1,3-D to nonvolatile products via an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution reaction. A catalytic mechanism in thioureaamended soil facilitated the conversion process. A packed soil column system was employed to investigate the emissions and distribution of 1,3-D and optimize the original fumigant emission-reduction strategy. Volatilization of 1,3-D from the soil surface was significantly reduced in columns amended with a thiourea RSB compared with that of bare soil. Volatilization flux and cumulative emissions decreased with increasing thiourea application rate and increasing fumigation depth in packed soil columns. Surface amendment with the RSB did not affect the subsurface distribution of 1,3-D in the soil profile. Combined application of a thiourea RSB and plastic tarps had a synergetic effect in emission control and could eliminate the relatively high fumigant flux that occurs upon tarp disruption. Therefore, this reduced-risk practice was very effective in reducing atmospheric emissions of VOCs from soil treatment with halogenated fumigants. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2402 EP 2407 DI 10.1021/es051889s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GC UT WOS:000236691600061 PM 16646481 ER PT J AU Laplaza, JM Torres, BR Jin, YS Jeffries, TW AF Laplaza, JM Torres, BR Jin, YS Jeffries, TW TI Sh ble and Cre adapted for functional genomics and metabolic engineering of Pichia stipitis SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transformation; genetic engineering; yeast; expression; mutagenesis; Sh ble; Cre; alternative yeast nuclear genetic code; CUG ID LEUCINE CODON CUG; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS; NONUNIVERSAL USAGE; FERMENTING YEASTS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RESISTANCE GENE; SHUTTLE VECTORS AB Pichia stipitis is widely studied for its capacity to ferment D-Xylose to ethanol. Strain improvement has been facilitated by recent completion of the P. stipitis genome. P stipitis uses CUG to code for serine rather than leucine, as is the case for the universal genetic code thereby limiting the availability of heterologous drug resistance markers for transformation. Development of a modified selectable marker for resistance to bleomycin (Sh ble) and efficient excision of the marker after integration (loxP/Cre) should facilitate functional genomics and metabolic engineering in this yeast. The Sh ble marker did not code for an active protein in R stipitis until four CUG codons were mutagenized to TTG, which is properly translated as leucine in yeasts that use the alternative yeast nuclear genetic code. The 18 CTG codons in Cre were mutagenized in a similar manner and the system was used to delete XYL2. The resulting xyl2 Delta mutant did not use xylose as a carbon source. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Vigo, Orense 32002, Spain. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 741 EP 747 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.07.024 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 022TJ UT WOS:000236078500003 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Wu, J Jenkins, JN AF McCarty, JC Wu, J Jenkins, JN TI Genetic diversity for agronomic and fiber traits in day-neutral accessions derived from primitive cotton germplasm SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; genetic diversity; primitive accessions ID HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; COMBINING ABILITY; CULTIVAR CROSSES; NEIGHBOR MODEL; F2 HYBRIDS; YIELD; INTROGRESSION; IMPROVEMENT; COMPONENTS AB Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL) is an important crop that is cultivated in warm climates through-out the world. Agronomic performance and fiber quality must continually be improved if cotton is to maintain economic viability. Primitive ancestors of cotton contain diversity for trait improvement; however, many of these accessions have a short-day flowering response (photoperiodic) and are not readily useable in breeding programs. In this study, 114 day-neutral derived primitive germplasm lines were evaluated in field trials for two years. Agronomic and fiber trait data were collected and analyzed. Variance components, genotypic values, and genotypic correlations were calculated. Genotypic effects for all traits studied made significant contributions to the phenotypic variation indicating genetic diversity among these lines. The predicted genotypic values showed a wide range of variation for agronomic and fiber traits. Weak genotypic correlations were found between yield and 2.5% span length and fiber strength, two important fiber traits. Although these day-neutral derived accessions had lower lint percentage, they had improved fiber length, strength, micronaire, and comparable yields with two commercial cultivars. Thus, these day-neutral derived accessions are sources of genetic variation that when used in breeding programs offer the potential to improve important traits and expand genetic diversity. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State 39762, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, 810 Highway 12 East,POB 5367, Mississippi State 39762, MS USA. EM jmccarty@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9027-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 053SI UT WOS:000238325000008 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Dean, R Erpelding, J Pederson, G AF Wang, ML Dean, R Erpelding, J Pederson, G TI Molecular genetic evaluation of sorghum germplasm differing in response to fungal diseases: Rust (Puccinia purpurea) and anthracnose (Collectotrichum graminicola) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE fungal diseases; molecular genetic evaluation; sorghum germplasm; SSR ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; RESISTANCE GENE; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; GENOME; SSR; POLYMORPHISMS; ACCESSIONS; DIVERSITY; MAIZE AB To evaluate genetic diversity in relation to rust and anthracnose disease response, ninety-six accessions were randomly selected from the core collection database of the Germplasm Research Information Network (GRIN) and characterized by a set of 40 SSR markers. The mean value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.8228. Two dendrograms were generated from the molecular genetic data and field morphological data, respectively. The genetic dendrogram demonstrates that the accessions can be classified into three main clades and nine subgroups. The branched subgroups correlated very well with the locations where the accessions were collected. Geographical origin of accessions had significant influences on genetic similarity of sorghum germplasm. Out of 96 accessions, only eight accessions were highly resistant to both rust and anthracnose. All the accessions from South Africa and Mali were highly resistant to anthracnose. The information from genetic classification would be useful for choosing parents to make crosses in sorghum breeding programs and classifying sorghum accessions in germplasm management. C1 USDA ARS, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mwang@ars-grin.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9040-0 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 053SI UT WOS:000238325000012 ER PT J AU Sun, ZY Lower, RL Staub, JE AF Sun, ZY Lower, RL Staub, JE TI Variance component analysis of parthenocarpy in elite US processing type cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE seedless fruit; minimum genetic factors; heritability estimation ID GYNECIOUS PICKLING CUCUMBER; OVER MECHANICAL HARVEST; YIELD; INHERITANCE; SELECTION; TRAITS AB Parthenocarpic (seedless) U.S. processing type cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm can bear more high quality fruit when compared to their seeded counterparts. Knowledge of genetic components of variation for parthenocarpy would assist cucumber breeders to incorporate this economically important trait into commercial varieties. The inheritance of parthenocarpy in elite U.S. processing type cucumber was, therefore, investigated by examining the single-harvest yield of F-3 progeny derived from a mating between line 2A (P-1, parthenocarpic) and line Gy8 (P-2, non-parthenocarpic) grown in two fields (E-block and G-block at Hancock, Wisc.) in the summer of 2000. Environmental variance accounted for about 90% of total phenotypic variance in both locations. The degree of dominance genetic variance was 0.3 and 2.2 at G-block and E-block, respectively, and the minimum number of effective factors controlling parthenocarpy was estimated as 5 (G-block) to 13 (E-block). Estimates of heritability were significantly lower when based on individual plants within an F-3 family and on F-3 family mean performances. While narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability of individual plants within F-3 family was always < 0.1, narrow-sense heritability for F-3 family mean performance ranged between 0.33 (E-block) and 0.62 (G-block), and broad-sense heritability ranged between 0.53 (E-block) and 0.67 (G-block). Thus, in this population, advanced generation selection for parthenocarpy based on F-3 family mean performance will be more effective than selection of individual plants within F-3 family. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jestaub@wisc.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9041-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 053SI UT WOS:000238325000013 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Reddy, KR Jenkins, JN AF Read, JJ Reddy, KR Jenkins, JN TI Yield and fiber quality of Upland cotton as influenced by nitrogen and potassium nutrition SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE cotton; fiber development; micronaire; nitrogen deficiency; potassium deficiency; 2.5% span length; yarn strength ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRY-MATTER; BOLL SIZE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; DEFICIENCY; PERCENTAGE; RETENTION; ALDICARB; MATURITY AB Nutrient stress in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) depresses lint yield, particularly of late-season fruit (bolls), and may disrupt fiber development. A 2-year (1999 and 2000) study was conducted outdoors in large pots to determine individual effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) stress at flowering stage on lint yield and fiber quality. Treatments were half-strength nutrient solution from emergence to crop maturity (control), 20% and 0% of control N from first flower onward, and 20% and 0% of control K from first flower onward in 1999 and first square onward in 2000. Leaf N and K were determined every 2-3 days from an uppermost, fully expanded leaf on the main-stem of five plants selected at random. Mature bolls were harvested from sympodial (fruiting) branches only and grouped according to week of anthesis across a 35-day flowering period, providing five flowering groups, from which fiber length, strength, and micronaire were determined. Fiber length was not consistently altered by stress, suggesting early stages of fiber development were indirectly affected by plant N and K status. Nitrogen deficiency decreased yield through early termination of reproductive growth. In 1999, although flowering group four of N-deficient cotton had low length, strength, and micronaire, values for weighted-sum micronaire (whole-plant micronaire) increased under N stress by about 12% in 0% N treatment and about 18% in 20% N treatment. In general, N and K stress had opposite effects on weighted-sum micronaire. The year by N treatment interaction was significant for weighted-sum strength, due to weak fibers in N-deficient cotton in 1999, but no treatment difference in 2000. Apparently, crop response to N stress was influenced by environment, as flowering groups with low quality fiber also comprised a large fraction of total lint, and thus placed heavy demands on plant N and carbohydrate reserves. Severe K deficiency in 2000 decreased yield and lint weight boll(-1), and micronaire values of 3.7 or less were evident in flowering groups two, three and four. Results support evidence that N stress indirectly affects cotton growth, as N deficiency decreased fiber length, strength and micronaire primarily in flowering groups with large percentage of bolls. Results from 2000 support evidence that K deficiency adversely affects reproductive growth, boll weight, and sugar translocation in cotton. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jjread@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 31 TC 48 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD APR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2005.10.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 022TF UT WOS:000236078100011 ER PT J AU Mahabir, S Baer, DJ Giffen, C Subar, A Campbell, W Hartman, TJ Clevidence, B Albanes, D Taylor, PR AF Mahabir, S Baer, DJ Giffen, C Subar, A Campbell, W Hartman, TJ Clevidence, B Albanes, D Taylor, PR TI Calorie intake misreporting by diet record and food frequency questionnaire compared to doubly labeled water among postmenopausal women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy intake misreporting; doubly labeled water; postmenopausal women ID REPORTED ENERGY-INTAKE; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; ROOM CALORIMETRY; URINARY NITROGEN; INTAKE-BALANCE; RISK-FACTORS; EXPENDITURE; VALIDATION; CANCER; MENOPAUSE AB Objective: We assessed the extent of energy misreporting from the use of a self-administered 7-day diet record (7-DDR) and a widely used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) compared to total energy expenditure from doubly labeled water (DLW) in a group of postmenopausal women. Design: At baseline, 65 healthy postmenopausal women were instructed to fill out the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) FFQ and a 7-DDR. Average total energy expenditure using the DLW method was also performed at baseline. Results: On average, the women underestimated total energy intake compared to total energy expenditure assessed from DLW by 37% on the 7-DDR and 42% on the FFQ. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the interpretation of findings from the 7-DDR- and FFQ-based energy-disease association studies in postmenopausal women needs further evaluation. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Agr Res Serv, Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mahabir, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM smahabir@mdanderson.org RI Mahabir, Somdat/A-9788-2008; Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602359 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 029AL UT WOS:000236530100016 PM 16391574 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Cotty, PJ AF Bock, C. H. Cotty, P. J. TI Methods to sample air borne propagules of Aspergillus flavus SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; epidemiology; spore dispersal; spore sampling ID SPORES; AFLATOXIN; ARIZONA AB Three techniques (cyclone samplers, filter samplers and rotorods) were evaluated for sampling airborne propagules of Aspergillus flavus in a cultivated region of southwest Arizona. Analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between cyclone and filter samplers in quantity of colony forming units caught, but there was a positive correlation between catches of the three separate impaction samplers (r = 0.84-0.99, P > 0.05). There was no detectable correlation between impaction sampler catches and cyclone catches (r=0.12-0.33; P > 0.05). Cyclone samplers collected a dry sample that was easy to process for quantification of fungal propagules. Size of conidia of A. flavus (combined with filter retention studies) suggests that the predominant propagules caught by the cyclone sampler were conidia, rather than sclerotia or infected vegetative matter. Using a water-soluble coating, rotorods collected viable conidia of A. flavus under controlled environment conditions, but not in the field, although viable propagules of other fungi were caught, including other Aspergilli. In the desert environment the rotorods became overloaded with particles of dust if operated for more than 2 h. Where isolate culture is required, cyclone samplers are ideal for collecting airborne A. flavus propagules in dry climates. C1 USHRL, USDA ARS, Subtrop Plant Pathol Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USHRL, USDA ARS, Subtrop Plant Pathol Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM cbock@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 4 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1007/s10658-005-4514-4 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 047FH UT WOS:000237864700002 ER PT J AU Russell, JB AF Russell, JB TI Factors affecting lysine degradation by ruminal fusobacteria SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rumen; lysine; deamination; ammonia; Fusobacterium necrophorum; pH sensitivity ID AMINO-ACIDS; AMMONIA PRODUCTION; APPARENT DEGRADATION; RUMEN; BACTERIA; GROWTH; NECROPHORUM; CATTLE; COWS; PH AB Fusobacterium necrophorum can readily be enriched from the rumen with lysine, and its deamination rate is very rapid. The addition of F. necrophorum JB2 to mixed ruminal bacteria significantly increased lysine degradation, but only if the ratio of ruminal fluid to basal medium was less than 25%. If more ruminal fluid (pH 6.1) was added, ammonia production decreased by as much as 80%. Clarified, autoclaved ruminal fluid was also inhibitory. When F. necrophorum JB2 was grown in a lysine-limited continuous culture (0.1 h(-1) dilution rate) and pH was decreased using HCl, optical density decreased linearly, and the culture washed out at pH 5.6. Batch cultures of F. necrophorum JB2 deaminated as much lysine at pH 6.1 as at pH 6.6, but only if fermentation acids were not present. Sodium acetate (100 mM) had little effect at pH 6.6, but the same concentration inhibited ammonia production by 80% at pH 6.1. The idea that fermentation acids could prevent the enrichment of fusobacteria in vivo was supported by the observation that dietary lysine supplementation did not enhance the lysine deamination rate of the mixed ruminal bacteria. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00041.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 021YV UT WOS:000236022700003 PM 16542401 ER PT J AU De La Fuente, L Mavrodi, DV Landa, BB Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF De La Fuente, L Mavrodi, DV Landa, BB Thomashow, LS Weller, DM TI phlD-based genetic diversity and detection of genotypes of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas; rhizosphere colonization; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; biological control; phlD; allele-specific PCR ID ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ALL DECLINE SOILS; TAKE-ALL; IMPROVES BIOCONTROL; MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE; MARINE ALGA; ROOT-ROT; STRAINS AB Diversity within a worldwide collection of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains was assessed by sequencing the phlD gene. Phylogenetic analyses based on the phlD sequences of 70 isolates supported the previous classification into 18 BOX-PCR genotypes (A-Q and T). Exploiting polymorphisms within the sequence of phlD, we designed and used allele-specific PCR primers with a PCR-based dilution endpoint assay to quantify the population sizes of A-, B-, D-, K-, L- and P-genotype strains grown individually or in pairs in vitro, in the rhizosphere of wheat and in bulk soil. Except for P. fluorescens Q8r1-96, which strongly inhibited the growth of P. fluorescens Q2-87, inhibition between pairs of strains grown in vitro did not affect the accuracy of the method. The allele-specific primer-based technique is a rapid method for studies of the interactions between genotypes of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producers in natural environments. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Cordoba, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron & Montes, Dept Agron, Cordoba, Spain. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@mail.wsu.edu RI De La Fuente, Leonardo/A-2012-2013; Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 54 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 64 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00074.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 021YV UT WOS:000236022700008 PM 16542406 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Nondestructive sensing of bulk density and moisture content in shelled peanuts from microwave permittivity measurements SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE nondestructive; shelled peanuts; bulk density; moisture content; complex permittivity; microwave; free space ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCIES; GRAIN AB Dielectric-based methods were used to determine nondestructively and simultaneously bulk density and moisture content in shelled peanuts from measurement of their relative complex permittivity at microwave frequencies (7-12 GHz) and 24 degrees C. The first method is based on direct relationships between the two components of the relative complex permittivity (dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor) and the bulk density and moisture content. The second method allows bulk density determination without knowledge of moisture content and temperature of shelled peanut samples from a complex-plane representation of the relative complex permittivity. Finally, moisture content in shelled peanuts is determined independent of bulk density changes with the use of density-independent permittivity functions. Statistical analysis provided bulk density and moisture content calibration equations at several microwave frequencies along with corresponding standard errors of calibration over wide ranges of bulk density and moisture content. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, QARU, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, QARU, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD APR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.11.004 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 987KD UT WOS:000233515900009 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Kenney, SJ Millner, PD Beuchat, LR Williams, PL AF Anderson, GL Kenney, SJ Millner, PD Beuchat, LR Williams, PL TI Shedding of foodborne pathogens by Caenorhabditis elegans in compost-amended and unamended soil SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nematode; Caenorhabditis elegans; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; Salmonella enterica; Listeria monocytogenes; soil contamination ID FREE-LIVING NEMATODES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; IRRIGATION WATER; PLANT-ROOTS; BACTERIA; COLONIZATION; SURVIVAL; HOST; ASSOCIATION AB A study was done to characterize the shedding of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by Caenorhabditis elegans, evaluate the persistence of worm populations cocultured with foodborne pathogens, and determine if C elegans disperses ingested pathogens in soil as a result of shedding. Escherichia. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serotype Poona, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as E coli OP50, a non-pathogenic strain, were studied. Synchronous populations of C elegans were fed for 24h on confluent lawns of nalidixic acid-adapted bacteria. C elegans shed viable cells of ingested bacteria on tryptic soy agar supplemented with nalidixic acid (50 mu g ml(-1)) (TSAN) throughout a 5-h post-feeding period. C elegans persisted for up to 10 days by feeding on bacteria that had been shed and grew on TSAN. Eggs harvested from C elegans cultured on shed foodborne pathogens had the same level of viability as those collected from C elegans grown on shed E. coli OP50. After 6-7 days, 78%, 64%, 64%, and 76% of eggs laid by C elegans that had fed on E. coli O157:H7, S. Poona, L. inonocytogenes, and E. coli OP50, respectively, were viable. Worms fed on E. coli O15TH7 were inoculated into soil and soil amended with turkey manure compost. Populations of C elegans persisted in compostamended soil for at least 7 days but declined in unamended soil. E. coli O157:H7 was detected at 4 and 6 days post inoculation in compost-amended and unamended soil, and in unamended soil inoculated with E. coli OP50. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 in soil amended with turkey manure compost were significantly(alpha = 0.05) higher than those in unamended soil. Results indicate that C elegans can act as a vector to disperse foodborne pathogens in soil, potentially resulting in increased risk of contaminating the surface of pre-harvest fruits and vegetables. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Williams, PL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pwilliam@arches.uga.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.01.018 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 970OQ UT WOS:000232319900006 PM 16942998 ER PT J AU Miller, GW Kochenderfer, JN Fekedulegn, DB AF Miller, GW Kochenderfer, JN Fekedulegn, DB TI Influence of individual reserve trees on nearby reproduction in two-aged Appalachian hardwood stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Transformation to Continuous Cover Forestry in a Changing Environment CY SEP 04-07, 2004 CL Bangor, WALES SP Forestry Commiss Wales, BSW Plc, UPM, Kymmene UK Ltd, European Forest Inst, IUFRO DE Appalachian hardwoods; continuous cover forestry; two-age management; reserve trees; reproduction; shade tolerance; influence circle; competition zones; response gradient ID DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; FOREST AB In the 1970s, public opposition to clearcut harvesting in hardwood forests of the eastern United States led forest managers and scientists to consider alternative practices that retain a low-density overstory forest cover. From 1979 to 1984, a form of clearcut-with-reserves harvesting was applied in 80-year-old Appalachian mixed-hardwoods to create four experimental stands with two-aged structures. The residual stand basal area averaged 5.3 m(2)/ha, comprising an average of 36 reserve trees/ha. The reserve trees were evenly distributed throughout the stand, initially with considerable space between their crowns, thus providing the sunlight and seedbed conditions needed to recruit desirable shade-intolerant reproduction after harvest. This study examined the response of the 100-year-old reserve trees and the development of the 20-year-old natural reproduction located in their immediate vicinity. Diameter at breast height (Dbh), height, and relative position were recorded for all reproduction >= 2.5 cm within transects adjacent to northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) reserve trees. Each transect was divided into five zones, which represented positions relative to the reserve tree crown edge, and basal area was computed for each of three shade tolerance classes within each zone. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare basal area of reproduction by tolerance classes and zone. In general, basal area of reproduction, particularly that of shade-intolerant species, increased with distance from the reserve tree. Regression analyses also indicated that dbh and height of reproduction was positively related to distance from the reserve trees. Although height growth of reserve trees was similar for both species, northern red oak exhibited significantly greater dbh and crown radial growth than yellow-poplar. The results indicated that reserve trees influence the growth rate and species composition of reproduction in their immediate vicinity. Basal area of reproduction increased from 10.1 to 17.7 m(2)/ha with increasing distance from the reserve trees. Basal area of intolerant species more than doubled along the same gradient. Basal area of reproduction in the two-age stands was 30-40% less than that observed in even-aged stands on similar growing sites, but the reduction was offset by growth of the reserve trees. The surface area covered by the reserve tree crowns increased approximately 88% for northern red oak and 44% for yellow-poplar. Since the sphere of influence of reserve trees increases over time, forest managers must consider their long-term impact on reproduction when prescribing clearcut-with-reserves harvests and other practices that involve retaining trees for many years. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Miller, GW (reprint author), Forestry Sci Lab, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gwmiller@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 224 IS 3 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.035 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 028HK UT WOS:000236477600004 ER PT J AU McDonald, GI Richardson, BA Zambino, PJ Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS AF McDonald, GI Richardson, BA Zambino, PJ Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS TI Pedicularis and Castilleja are natural hosts of Cronartium ribicola in North America: a first report SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PINE BLISTER RUST; RESISTANCE; GENE; SCROPHULARIACEAE; POPULATIONS; HYBRID; SPP. AB White pine blister rust disease, caused by the introduced pathogen Cronartium ribicola, has severely disrupted five-needled pine ecosystems in North America. A 100-year effort to manage this disease was predicated in part on the premise that the pathogen utilizes only species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae) as alternate hosts on this continent. The current study presents the first conclusive demonstration that some species in the family Orobanchaceae (Pedicularis racemosa and Castilleja miniata) are functioning as alternate hosts in a natural ecosystem of North America. This finding has implications for improving our understanding of epidemiology, pathogen adaptation and host-pathogen interactions within white pine blister rust. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McDonald, GI (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00432.x PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 022DK UT WOS:000236034700001 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Wear, DN Stewart, FJ Holmes, TP AF Prestemon, JP Wear, DN Stewart, FJ Holmes, TP TI Wildfire, timber salvage, and the economics of expediency SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE timber salvage; welfare; legal challenge; lawsuit; stumpage; wildfire; catastrophe; timber market ID PRICE AB Administrative Planning rules and legal challenges can have significant economic impacts on timber salvage programs on public lands. This paper examines the costs of the delay in salvage caused by planning rules and the costs associated with the volume reductions forced by legal challenges in one case study. The fires on the Bitterroot National Forest in the northern Rocky Mountains in the United States burned 124,250 ha in the summer of 2000, killing valuable timber. A proposal to salvage about 15% of the burned area, containing 0.8 million m(3) (176 million board feet) of the damaged timber, was challenged in court, resulting in a mediation plan salvage amount of 0.27 million m(3) (60 million board feet). Administrative planning requirements also delayed the initiation of salvage to 2003. Because timber decays following death and damage, the costs of delay can be quantified. We evaluate the costs of both reducing the salvage volume due to the litigation and the losses due to decay from the administrative delay. Simulations show that the court settlement plan created through legal challenge resulted in an $8.5 million loss to the U.S. treasury and an $8.8 million (65%) loss in net welfare under the base case market assumptions. The delay in salvaging the agreed upon salvage amount from 2001 to 2002 reduced revenues from salvage to the U.S. treasury by $1.5 million (25%) and potential welfare benefits by the same amount, under base case assumptions of market sensitivities to prices. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA Forest SErv, No Reg, Missoula, MT USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 312 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2004.07.003 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 041WU UT WOS:000237488100007 ER PT J AU Greens, DW Rosales, AN AF Greens, DW Rosales, AN TI Properties and grading of Danto and Ramon 2 by 4's SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPICAL HARDWOODS; LUMBER; SHEAR; GRAIN AB Physical and mechanical properties were obtained for approximately 600 2 by 4's of Ramon (Brosimun alicastrum) and 600 2 by 4's of Danto (Vatairea lundellii), from Guatemala. The lumber was visually graded according to U.S. grading rules. Full-sized tests were conducted in bending and in tension and compression parallel to the grain. Clearwood tests were conducted in bending and shear. Little relationship was found between the flexural properties of 2 by 4's and those of knot-free specimens cut from the lumber. Visual grading rules satisfactorily sorted lumber into grades with distinct strength values. However, modulus of elasticity varied little by visual grades. The relationship between tensile strength and bending strength for both species was similar to that of domestic softwood and hardwood species. The relationship between compression strength and bending strength was similar to domestic species for Ramon, which did not contain interlocked grain, but not for Danto, which contained interlocked grain. The conservative relationship of ASTM D 1990 could be used to estimate the compressive strength of these two species from bending strength. However, it is cautioned that compression-bending relationships assumed in ASTM standard D 6570 for mechanically graded lumber should not be used with either tropical or temperate hardwood species that typically contain interlocked grain without further verification of the inherent relationship. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Greens, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dwgreen@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 4 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 034PY UT WOS:000236944300002 ER PT J AU Finley, AO McRoberts, RE Ek, AR AF Finley, AO McRoberts, RE Ek, AR TI Applying an efficient k-nearest neighbor search to forest attribute imputation SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Forest Measurements and Quantitative Methods and Management CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Hot Springs, AR DE k-nearest neighbor; mapping; remote sensing; multisource ID VECTOR QUANTIZATION; INVENTORY; ALGORITHM; VOLUME AB This article explores the utility of an efficient nearest neighbor (NN) search algorithm for applications in multisource kNN forest attribute imputation. The search algorithm reduces the number of distance calculations between a given target vector and each reference vector, thereby decreasing the time needed to discover the NN subset. Results of five trials show gains in NN search efficiency ranging from 75 to 98% for k = 1. The search algorithm can be easily incorporated into routines that optimize feature subsets or weights, values of k, distance decomposition coefficients, and mapping. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Finley, AO (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM afinley@gis.umn.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034PT UT WOS:000236943800003 ER PT J AU Kang, SW Thayananuphat, A Rozenbolm, I Millam, JR Proudman, JA El Halawani, ME AF Kang, SW Thayananuphat, A Rozenbolm, I Millam, JR Proudman, JA El Halawani, ME TI Expression of hypothalamic GnRH-I mRNA in the female turkey at different reproductive states and following photo stimulation SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GnRH-I mRNA expression; turkey reproductive cycle; photostimulation; avian hypothalamus; in situ hybridization ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; SPARROWS SPIZELLA-ARBOREA; FOS-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY; PROLACTIN SECRETION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; JAPANESE-QUAIL; EUROPEAN STARLINGS; TUBERAL HYPOTHALAMUS AB In birds, changes in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) content and release are correlated with reproductive stages. This study examined the distribution and expression level of GnRH-I mRNA in anatomically discrete hypothalamic nuclei throughout the turkey reproductive cycle and following photostimulation. GnRH-I mRNA expression was determined using in situ hybridization in non-photostimulated (NPS), egg-laying (LAY), incubating (INC) and photorefractory (REF) hens. Overall, GnRH-I mRNA expression was greatest in the nucleus commissurae pallii (nCPa) and around the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT), with less expression observed in the nucleus septalis lateralis (SL), cortico-habenula cortico-septum area, and within the nucleus preopticus medialis. GnRH-I mRNA expression was significantly increased in nCPa, OVLT, and SL after NPS hens (6L:18D) were exposed to a 30 or 90 min pulse of light beginning 14h after first light (dawn). GnRH-I mRNA abundance within nCPa, OVLT and SL was greater in LAY than in NPS and INC hens, while mRNA expression was least in REF hens. These results indicate that GnRH-I mRNA expression in birds is sensitive to light stimulation during the photosensitive period and can be used to more precisely characterize their different reproductive stages. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP El Halawani, ME (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, 495 AnScilVet Med Bldg,1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM elhal001@umn.edu NR 55 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 146 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.10.017 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 025GL UT WOS:000236253200004 PM 16427052 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Swezey, JL Friedman, R Hecht, DW Maddox, CW AF Rooney, AP Swezey, JL Friedman, R Hecht, DW Maddox, CW TI Analysis of core housekeeping and virulence genes reveals cryptic lineages of Clostridium perfringens that are associated with distinct disease presentations SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SITES; CODON USAGE BIAS; ALPHA-TOXIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GAS-GANGRENE; BETA2 TOXIN; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; POSITIVE SELECTION AB Clostridium perfringens is an important human and animal pathogen that causes a number of diseases that vary in their etiology and severity. Differences between strains regarding toxin gene composition and toxin production partly explain why some strains cause radically different diseases than others. However, they do not provide a Complete explanation. The purpose of this Study was to determine if there is a phylogenetic Component that explains the variance in C. perfringens strain virulence by assessing patterns of genetic polymorphism in genes (colA gryA, plc, pfoS, and rplL) that form part of the core genome in 248 type A strains. We found that purifying selection plays a central role in shaping the patterns Of nucleotide substitution and polymorphism in both housekeeping and virulence genes. In contrast, recombination was found to be a significant factor only for the virulence genes plc and colA and the housekeeping gene gyrA. Finally, we found chat the strains grouped into five distinct evolutionary lineages that show evidence of host adaptation and the early stages of speciation. The discovery of these previously unknown lineages and their association with distinct disease presentations carries important implications for human and veterinary clostridial disease epidemiology and provides important insights into the pathways through which virulence has evolved in C. perfringens. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Gen Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Connecticut, Biotechnol & Bioserv Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Maywood, IL 60126 USA. Univ Illinois, Vet Diagnost Lab, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Gen Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM rooney@ncaur.usda.gov NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 2006 VL 172 IS 4 BP 2081 EP 2092 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.054601 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 038ML UT WOS:000237225800007 PM 16489222 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Tang, XM Cheng, ZK Mucller, L Giovannoni, J Tanksley, SD AF Wang, Y Tang, XM Cheng, ZK Mucller, L Giovannoni, J Tanksley, SD TI Euchromatin and pericentromeric heterochromatin: Comparative composition in the tomato genome SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RICE GENOME; CENTROMERIC REGION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; DRAFT SEQUENCE; HIGHER-PLANTS; MAIZE GENOME; DNA AB Eleven sequenced BACs were annotated and localized via FISH to tomato pachytene chromosomes providing the first global insights into the compositional differences of euchromatin and pericentromefic heterochromatin in this model dicot species. The results indicate that tomato euchromatin has a gene density (6.7 kb/gene) similar to that. of Arabidopsis and rice. Thus, while the euchromatin comprises only 25% of the tomato nuclear DNA, it is sufficient to account, for similar to 90% of the estimated 38,000 nontransposon genes that compose the tomato genome. Moreover, euchromatic BACs were largely devoid of transposons or other repetitive elements. In contrast, BACs assigned to the pericentromeric heterochromatin had a gene density 10-100 times lower than that of the enchromatin and are heavily Populated by retrotransposons preferential to the heterochromatin-the most abundant transposons belonging to the Jinling Ty3lgypsy-like retrotransposon family. Jinling elements are highly methylated and rarely transcribed. Nonetheless, they have spread throughout the pericentromeric heterochromatin in tomato and wild tomato species fairly recently-well after tomato diverged from potato and other related solanaceons species. The implications of these findings on evolution and on sequencing the genonies of tomato and other solanaceous species are discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Tanksley, SD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, 248 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sdt4@cornell.edu NR 67 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 2006 VL 172 IS 4 BP 2529 EP 2540 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.055772 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 038ML UT WOS:000237225800042 PM 16489216 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Allen, RD Essenberg, M Klueva, N Nguyen, H Patil, MA Payton, P Millena, ACM Phillips, AL Pierce, ML Scheffler, B Turley, R Wang, J Zhang, DS Scheffler, J AF Taliercio, E Allen, RD Essenberg, M Klueva, N Nguyen, H Patil, MA Payton, P Millena, ACM Phillips, AL Pierce, ML Scheffler, B Turley, R Wang, J Zhang, DS Scheffler, J TI Analysis of ESTs from multiple Gossypium hirsutum tissues and identification of SSRs SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE drought stress; gene annotation; gene mapping; tentative consensus sequence (TC); Xanthomonas campestris ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; COTTON GOSSYPIUM; LIBRARIES; STARCH; RNA AB In an effort to expand the Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) expressed sequence tag (EST) database, ESTs representing a variety of tissues and treatments were sequenced. Assembly of these sequences with ESTs already in the EST database (dbEST, GenBank) identified 9675 cotton sequences not present in GenBank. Statistical analysis of a subset of these ESTs identified genes likely differentially expressed in stems, cotyledons, and drought-stressed tissues. Annotation of the differentially expressed cDNAs tentatively identified genes involved in lignin metabolism, starch biosynthesis and stress response, consistent with pathways likely to be active in the tissues under investigation. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified among these ESTs, and an inexpensive method was developed to screen genomic DNA for the presence of these SSRs. At least 69 SSRs potentially useful in mapping were identified. Selected amplified SSRs were isolated and sequenced. The sequences corresponded to the EST containing the SSRs, confirming that these SSRs will potentially Map the gene represented by the EST. The ESTs containing SSRs were annotated to help identify the genes that may be mapped using these markers. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38756 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Agr Expt Stn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, RCMI, Ctr Canc Res & Therapeut Dev, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38756 USA. EM etaliercio@msa-stonevile.ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 306 EP 319 DI 10.1139/G05-115 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 053NY UT WOS:000238313100003 PM 16699550 ER PT J AU Maher, C Stein, L Ware, D AF Maher, C Stein, L Ware, D TI Evolution of Arabidopsis microRNA families through duplication events SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLANT MICRORNAS; COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOME EVOLUTION; GENES; THALIANA; TARGETS; RNA; DIVERGENCE; POLYPLOIDY AB Recently there has been a great interest in the identification of microRNAs and their targets as well as understanding the spatial and temporal regulation of microRNA genes. To understand how microRNA genes evolve, we looked at several rapidly evolving families in Arabidopsis thaliana, and found that they arose from a process of genome-wide duplication, tandem duplication, and segmental duplication followed by dispersal and diversification, similar to the processes that drive the evolution of protein gene families. Using multiple expression data sets to examine the transcription patterns of different members of the microRNA families, we find the sequence diversification of duplicated microRNA genes to be accompanied by a change in spatial and temporal expression patterns, suggesting that duplicated copies acquire new functionality as they evolve. C1 Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USDA ARS, NAA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Maher, C (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM maher@cshl.edu NR 41 TC 154 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 9 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1101/gr.4680506 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 031JF UT WOS:000236700000008 PM 16520461 ER PT J AU Lin, H Bouma, J Pachepsky, Y AF Lin, H Bouma, J Pachepsky, Y TI Revitalizing pedology through hydrology and connecting hydrology to pedology SO GEODERMA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Environm Sci Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM henrylin@psu.edu; Johan.Bouma@Planet.nl; ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.016 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 027FT UT WOS:000236400500001 ER PT J AU Bryant, RB Gburek, WJ Veith, TL Hively, WD AF Bryant, RB Gburek, WJ Veith, TL Hively, WD TI Perspectives on the potential for hydropedology to improve watershed modeling of phosphorus loss SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE hydropedology; watershed modeling; curve number; hydrologic response unit ID TRANSPORT AB Predicting P loading to surface water bodies requires accurate partitioning of infiltration and runoff from potential source areas and portrayal of spatial landscape relationships between source areas and surface water bodies. This paper presents perspectives on the potential for hydropedology to improve watershed modeling of phosphorus (P) loss as it affects water quality. Calibrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and similar watershed models to the hydrograph at the watershed outlet may not reflect accurate partitioning of runoff among hydrologic response units (HRUs), and default runoff parameters for HRUs are often a poor representation of reality. Hydropedology combines knowledge and skills from the disciplines of hydrology, pedology, and soil physics to address this problem. While there are untapped data and existing knowledge within these disciplines that can be brought to bear, there is also a need for additional interdisciplinary collaboration. Issues that affect process modeling at field, farm, subcatchment, and watershed scales need to be addressed through combined knowledge of the structure of the system as related to the specific objective of better linking runoff generation from potential source areas to surface water bodies. Improved watershed modeling as applied to nutrient loss and water quality issues affords both challenges and opportunities for hydropedology if scientists are willing to bridge disciplines, data, and scales to address current limitations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bryant, RB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ray.bryant@ars.usda.gov; bil.gburek@ars.usda.gov; tamie.veith@ars.usda.gov; wdh3@cornell.edu RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.011 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 027FT UT WOS:000236400500005 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ Lin, HS AF Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ Lin, HS TI Hydropedology and pedotransfer functions SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL-WATER RETENTION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; FIELD; MACROPOROSITY AB The emerging interdisciplinary research field of hydropedology attracts a substantial attention because of its promise to bridging pedology and hydrology. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) emerged as relationships between soil hydraulic parameters and the easier measurable properties usually available from soil survey. One hypothetical explanation of current PTF shortcomings is that PTF inputs do not describe the structure of pore space per se and, therefore, do not represent relationships between structure and function of soil pore space. A possible direction for improvement is to look for PTF predictors that are better related to the structure of water-bearing pathways, in particular using the pedological soil structure description. The objective of this work was to develop and discuss an example of pedotransfer function relating soil structure and soil hydrologic parameters. We used the subset of 2149 samples from the US National Soil Characterization database that had values of water contents at -33 kPa and bulk densities on clods, structure characterized with grade, size and shape, textural class determined in the field and from lab textural analysis. Classification and regression trees were used to group soil samples according to their water contents at -33 kPa. The clay class was the best grouping parameter in all but loamy sand textural classes. The structural parameters served as important grouping variables to define groups of soil samples with distinctly different average water retention for the groups. Defining and quantifying soil structure at various scales, including pedon, hillslope and watershed scales, may contribute for the development scale-relevant PTFs at those scales. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, College Stn, PA USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, 173 Powder Mill Rd,BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Poggio, Matteo/D-8973-2011; Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090; NR 36 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.012 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 027FT UT WOS:000236400500006 ER PT J AU Doolittle, JA Jenkinson, B Hopkins, D Ulmer, M Tuttle, W AF Doolittle, JA Jenkinson, B Hopkins, D Ulmer, M Tuttle, W TI Hydropedological investigations with ground-penetrating radar (GPR): Estimating water-table depths and local ground-water flow pattern in areas of coarse-textured soils SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE ground-penetrating radar; GPR; hydropedology; water table; ground-water flow ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; DETECT LAYERS; SANDY SOIL; SCALES; MOVEMENT AB In coarse-textured soils, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can provide continuous, high-resolution records that chart the depth to water tables. The use of this information can increase confidence in hydropedological site assessments and reduce the number of wells needed for water-table depth and ground-water flow determinations. Ground-penetrating radar was used to map spatial and temporal variations in water-table depths and ground-water flow patterns within an unconfined aquifer located beneath an eolian landscape in northwestern Indiana. Compared with the data collected at a limited number of wells, the greater number of observations with GPR provided more comprehensive site coverage and mapped more intricate local ground-water flow patterns. Over a 2-year period, GPR revealed systematic temporal and spatial variations in water-table depths and local groundwater flow patterns. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Ecologists Ltd, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, NRCS, Bismarck, ND 58502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Wilkesboro, NC 28697 USA. RP Doolittle, JA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jdoolitt@fs.fed.us; bjenkins@dcwi.com; David.Hopkins@ndsu.nodak.edu; mike.ulmer@nd.usda.gov; wes.tuttle@nc.usda.gov RI Poggio, Matteo/D-8973-2011 NR 48 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.027 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 027FT UT WOS:000236400500007 ER PT J AU Gburek, WJ Needelman, BA Srinivasan, MS AF Gburek, WJ Needelman, BA Srinivasan, MS TI Fragipan controls on runoff generation: Hydropedological implications at landscape and watershed scales SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE hydropedology; fragipan; runoff; landscape; watershed ID CAPILLARY-FRINGE; TABLE RESPONSE; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE; AREAS; FIELD; FLOW; PRECIPITATION AB The role of soils having a fragipan and/or strongly contrasting clay layer in generating surface runoff, especially in the context of variable-source-area hydrology at landscape and/or watershed scales, is poorly understood. If, as preliminary research results reported here from an east-central Pennsylvania experimental watershed are showing, surface runoff from fragipan soils can dominate a watershed's stone runoff response, it becomes imperative that hydropedologists develop tools to objectively, accurately, and routinely determine the location, extent, and hydraulic properties of these types of soils. Here, we illustrate the differing performance of non-fragipan and fragipan soils in producing surface runoff within an experimental watershed setting in east-central Pennsylvania (USA), demonstrating how soil mapping of fragipan conditions enhances our ability to portray the watershed's total hydrologic performance. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gburek, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bil.gburek@ars.usda.gov; bneed@umd.edu; mss147@psu.edu NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.021 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 027FT UT WOS:000236400500008 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Lesch, SM Oster, JD Kaffka, SR AF Corwin, DL Lesch, SM Oster, JD Kaffka, SR TI Monitoring management-induced spatio-temporal changes in soil quality through soil sampling directed by apparent electrical conductivity SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE apparent soil electrical conductivity; spatial variability; landscape-scale processes; precision agriculture; salinity; site-specific management ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; PREDICTION; MODEL AB Characterizing spatial and temporal variability of soil properties at field and landscape scales is tremendously important for a variety of agronomic and environmental concerns including solute transport modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone, site-specific crop management, and soil quality assessment, to mention a few. Currently, there is a global need to develop tools that evaluate the overall quality of soil to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of farm-management practices. The knowledge now exists for characterizing the spatial variability of soil quality with non-invasive geophysical measurements of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC) using mobile GPS-based systems. The objective of this research was to evaluate ECa-directed soil sampling as a means for monitoring management-induced spatio-temporal changes in soil quality. Appraisal was made of a specific management practice, the reuse of irrigation drainage water applied to a saline-sodic soil in central California. A soil quality assessment study was conducted on a 32.4-ha saline-sodic field comprised of 8 rectangular paddocks in California's San Joaquin Valley from August 1999 to April 2002. The study evaluated the spatio-temporal changes that had occurred as a result of irrigation with drainage water over that time period. Using geospatial electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements of EC;, and a spatial response surface sampling design, 40 sites were selected that reflected the spatial variability of the EC;, measurements. Duplicate samples were taken at eight selected sites (one randomly selected site from each paddock) to study local-scale variability. At each site soil-core samples were taken at 0.3-m intervals to a depth of 1.2 m and analyzed for 28 physical and chemical properties. Maps created from a geographic information system (GIS) show spatio-temporal changes of four dynamic soil properties (salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, boron, and molybdenum) critical to soil quality, which were strongly and significantly correlated with ECa. Data from 1999 indicate the presence of high salinity, which increased with depth, high sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), which also increased with depth, and moderate to high B and Mo, which showed no specific trends with depth. The application of drainage water for 32 months resulted in leaching of B from the top 0.3 of soil, leaching of salinity from the top 0.6 m of soil, and leaching of Na and Mo from the top 1.2 m of soil. The leaching fraction over the time period from 1999-2002 was estimated to be 0.10. The level of salinity in the reused drainage water (i.e., 3-5 dS m(-1)) allowed infiltration and leaching to occur even though high sodium and high expanding-lattice clay levels posed potential water flow problems. Preliminary spatiotemporal analyses from 1999-2002 indicate at least short-term feasibility of drainage water reuse from the perspective of soil quality when the goal is forage production for grazing livestock. The implications of this research extend beyond the provincial applications of assessing drainage water reuse in central California to the global potential of ECa-directed soil sampling for evaluating farm-induced management ramifications on soil quality. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.014 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 027FT UT WOS:000236400500010 ER PT J AU Laufenberg, T Ayrilmis, N White, R AF Laufenberg, T Ayrilmis, N White, R TI Fire and bending properties of blockboard with fire retardant treated veneers SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID PLYWOOD AB This study evaluated fire and bending properties of blockboards with various fire retardant treated veneers. Blockboards were manufactured using untreated fir strips and sandwiched between treated ekaba veneers at final assembly. The veneers were treated with either boric acid (BA), disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT), alumina trihydrate (ATH), or a BA/DOT mixture. Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity tests were performed according to European Standard EN 310. Blockboards were also tested for fire resistance as indicated by a cone calorimeter. Treatments had little negative effect on flexural strength; flexural stiffness was significantly lower for the highest treatment levels. Treatments resulted in a significant reduction in predicted flame spread rate. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Laufenberg, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM tlaufenberg@fs.fed.us RI Ayrilmis, Nadir/F-1573-2015 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s00107-005-0041-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 021RA UT WOS:000236001300010 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazle, P AF Perkins-Veazle, P TI Proceedings of the Workshop - Organic Agriculture: Postharvest Challenges and Opportunities - Organized by the ASHS Postharvest Working Group - Held at ASHS 2005 Las Vegas, Nevada - 20 July 2005 - Introduction to the workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Perkins-Veazle, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800004 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Narciso, JA AF Plotto, A Narciso, JA TI Guidelines and acceptable postharvest practices for organically grown produce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Organic Agriculture - Postharvest Challenges and Opportunities CY JUL 20, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASHS Postharvest Working Grp DE National Organic Program; Organic Food Production Act of 1990; handling; processing AB Organic foods are produced using agricultural practices that emphasize renewable resources and conservation of soil and water. Horticultural crops are grown and processed without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, ingredients and processing aids. Crops or ingredients derived from genetic engineering, and use of ionizing radiation are prohibited in organic production. The challenge is to deliver produce that has the same safety, quality and shelf life as conventional products, with a limited array of tools available for sanitation and postharvest treatments. Organic operators, professionals servicing the industry, as well as researchers involved in organic production practices, should be aware of all the points in the process of storing, handling and transforming horticultural crops where accidental contamination could occur, and thus compromise organic integrity. This presentation summarizes the major points of the National Organic Program for processing and handling, and gives suggestions for postharvest research. For example, finding organic alternatives for postharvest decay control is critical to maintain food safety. Additionally, ingredients compatible for fresh cut and produce coatings must be developed for the organic market for food safety and competitiveness. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave South, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM plotto@citrus.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800005 ER PT J AU Lester, GE AF Lester, GE TI Organic versus conventionally grown produce: Quality differences, and guidelines for comparison studies SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Organic Agriculture - Postharvest Challenges and Opportunities CY JUL 20, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASHS Postharvest Working Grp DE fruits; vegetables; production methods; research ID NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; ASCORBIC-ACID; FRUIT SIZE; FOODS; VEGETABLES; AGRICULTURE; COMPONENTS; CULTIVAR AB Organic and conventional fruits and vegetables contain compounds with important human health promoting effects. Whether fruits and vegetables grown via organic versus conventional production systems are superior in taste and nutrition, at present, is difficult to say with complete certainty. To ascertain possible quality differences and develop a definitive data base, direct comparative studies of organic vs. conventional produce requires following rigorous guidelines which includes 1) appropriate study approaches (retail market vs. farm vs. research center studies), and 2) standardized preharvest production site, harvest procedural, postharvest handling, and analytical methodology constraints. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 296 EP 300 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800007 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Scagel, CF Baham, J AF Schreiner, RP Scagel, CF Baham, J TI Nutrient uptake and distribution in a mature 'Pinot noir" vineyard SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; magnesium; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; roots; soil; Vitis ID THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES; DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM; GROWTH; ROOTS; PHOSPHORUS; MAGNESIUM; BERRIES AB The nutrient uptake and distribution patterns for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were determined in mature (23 to 24 year old), field-grown, rainfed grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. 'Pinot noir') growing in a red hill soil in Oregon in 2001 and 2002. Biomass, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient contents of all plant organs, including roots, were determined on 14 sampling dates over 2 years. There was no seasonal change in the standing biomass of primary roots (fine feeder roots), small woody (< 4 mm diameter) or large woody (> 4 mm diameter) roots. Trunk biomass also did not change during the 2 years, but all other vine organs showed significant seasonal changes in biomass. The rate of N uptake was greatest at bloom, when remobilization from reserves was also high. Nitrogen was also taken up after leaf fall in 2001, but not in 2002, when an early frost occurred before soil moisture recovery by fall rains. Uptake of N, K, and Ca from soil was similar between years, even though canopy demand for N and K was greater in 2002 (significantly larger crop). Phosphorus uptake from soil was lower in 2002 than in 2001, which was most likely due to the drier conditions in 2002. A greater quantity of canopy N, K, and especially P was supplied from stored reserves in the drier 2002 growing season. About 50% of canopy requirements for N and P were remobilized from reserves in the trunk and roots by the time of fruit maturity in 2002. Only 15% of canopy K and < 5% of canopy Ca or Mg came from stored reserves in 2002. Our findings indicate that nonirrigated grapevines grown in Oregon acquire nutrients from soil earlier in the growing season and have a greater reliance on stored reserves of N and P than reported in previous studies from other growing regions. Replenishment of nutrient reserves occurred to large extent during the postharvest period. Rainfed vineyards in Oregon may require different nutrient management practices than irrigated vineyards, since low soil moisture may limit summer uptake of P. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 336 EP 345 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800016 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Wood, BW Reilly, CC AF Nyczepir, AP Wood, BW Reilly, CC TI Association of Meloidogyne partityla with nickel deficiency and mouse-ear of pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; little-leaf; Criconemoides xenoplax; nutrient disorder; nutrition; replant disorder; ring nematode; root-knot nematode ID PHENOTYPES AB Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.)K. Koch] trees exhibit nickel (Ni) deficiency in certain orchard situations. The symptoms are manifest as either mouse-ear or replant disorder and in certain situations are associated with nematode parasitism. Afield microplot study of pecan seedlings treated with either Meloidogyne partityla or Criconemoides x enoplax or both found that parasitism by M. partityla, can result in enhancement in the severity of mouse-ear symptoms and a reduction in foliar Ni concentration. The Ni threshold for triggering morphological symptoms in young developing foliage was between 0.265 and 0.862 mu g.g(-1) dry weight, while the threshold for rosetting was between 0.007 and 0.064 mu g.g(-1) dw. Results indicate that parasitism by M. partityla is a contributing factor to the induction of Ni deficiency in pecan and raises the possibility that nematode parasitism and Ni nutrition can be contributing factors to many plant maladies. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM anyczepir@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 402 EP 404 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800028 ER PT J AU Levi, A Thomas, CE Thies, JA Simmons, AM Ling, KS Harrison, HF Hassell, R Keinath, AP AF Levi, A Thomas, CE Thies, JA Simmons, AM Ling, KS Harrison, HF Hassell, R Keinath, AP TI Novel watermelon breeding lines containing chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes derived from the desert species Citrullus colocynthis SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM e-mail_alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800041 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Newell, M AF Takeda, F Newell, M TI A method for increasing fall flowering in short-day 'Carmine' strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; greenhouse; propagation; flower bud initiation C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Maryland, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 480 EP 481 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 023NP UT WOS:000236133800048 ER PT J AU Linderman, RG Davis, EA Marlow, JL AF Linderman, RG Davis, EA Marlow, JL TI Response of selected nursery crop plants to inoculation with isolates of Phytophthora ramorum and other Phytophthora species SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ornamentals; Phytophthora cactorum; P. cinnamomi; P. citricola; P. citrophthora; P. heveae; P. nicotianae (= parasitica); P. syringae; sudden oak death; ramorum blight ID LEAF-BLIGHT; 1ST REPORT; RHODODENDRON; VIBURNUM; CAMELLIA; SPP.; UK AB Many nursery crops are susceptible to root and foliage diseases caused by numerous species of Phytophthora. Phytophtbora ramorum causes sudden oak death of trees and ramorurn leaf blight and shoot dieback on numerous nursery plants, including rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), viburnum (Viburnum spp.), pieris (Pieris spp.), and camellia (Camellia spp.) in Europe, the United States, and British Columbia, Canada. We sought to evaluate relative susceptibility of a selection of ornamental nursery crops by inoculating detached leaves with several species of Pbytophtbora known to infect rhododendrons, and to compare the relative virulence on those species to isolates of P. ramorum. The results indicated that many plants were susceptible under these experimental conditions, while others were not. On a given host, symptoms caused by all species of Phytophtbora were identical except for differences in pathogen virulence. Plant species within genera or cultivars within species varied in susceptibility to isolates of P. ramorum and other species of Phytophthora. Pbytophtbora ramorum, P. citricola, P. citropbthora, and P. nicotianae were the most virulent pathogens on most of the host plants inoculated. Some plants were susceptible to several species of Phytophthora, while others were susceptible only to P. ramorum. Inoculation of detached leaves of 'Nova Zembla' rhododendron, lilac (Syringa vulgaris), or doublefile viburnum (Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum) under controlled conditions with different species of Pbytophtbora or isolates of P. ramorum (both mating types) indicated significant relative differences in species or isolate virulence. C1 USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Linderman, RG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lindermr@science.oregonstate.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 216 EP 224 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 028KS UT WOS:000236486900005 ER PT J AU Gerik, JS Greene, ID Beckman, P Elmore, CL AF Gerik, JS Greene, ID Beckman, P Elmore, CL TI Preplant drip-applied fumigation for calla lily rhizome nursery SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; iodomethane; metham; sodium; sodium azide; furfural; floriculture; Zantedeschia ID METHYL-BROMIDE; ALTERNATIVE FUMIGANTS; CHLOROPICRIN; SOIL; IRRIGATION; TOMATO AB Two field trials were conducted from 2002 until 2004 to evaluate several chemicals as alternatives to methyl bromide for the production of calla lily (Zantcdescbia sp.) rhizomes. Various rates and chemical combinations were tested. The chemicals were applied through a drip irrigation system. The chemicals included iodomethane, chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, metham, sodium furfural, and sodium azide. None of the treatments reduced the viability of seed of mallow (Malva parviflora) previously buried in the plots. Propagules of nuts-edge (Cypcrus csculcntus) and seed of mustard (Brassica nigra) were controlled by iodomethane + chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, chloropicrin alone, 1,3-dichloropropene alone, and furfural + metham sodium. Propagules of calla were controlled by all of the treatments except sodium azide and furfural + metham sodium. In the first trial, all treatments reduced the populations of soilborne plant pathogens, including Pythium spp., Pbytophthora spp., and Fusarium oxysporum, except for sodium, which did not reduce the population of Phytophthora spp. In the second trial, all treatments controlled Pytbium spp. but only a high rate of iodomethane + chloropicrin reduced the population of F oxysporum. For all treatments, the incidence of disease caused by soilborne pathogens was reduced compared to the nontreated control. The number and value of harvested rhizomes were greater among all of the treatments, except for sodium azide, compared to the control. The harvested value of the crop for the best treatments increased significantly compared to the control. A successful crop of calla rhizomes can be produced by combinations of iodomethane, chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, and metham, sodium. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Golden State Bulb Growers Inc, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Weed Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gerik, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 028KS UT WOS:000236486900018 ER PT J AU Suderman, RJ Dittmer, NT Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ AF Suderman, RJ Dittmer, NT Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ TI Model reactions for insect cuticle sclerotization: Cross-linking of recombinant cuticular proteins upon their laccase-catalyzed oxidative conjugation with catechols SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tyrosinase; catechol; exoskeleton; phenoloxidase; laccase; cross-linking; cuticle; sclerotization; tanning; catechol; quinone; tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; catecholation ID PHARATE PUPAL CUTICLE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; STRUCTURAL MODEL; PHENOLOXIDASE; MECHANISM AB The quinone-tanning hypothesis for insect cuticle sclerotization proposes that N-acylcatecholamines are oxidized by a phenoloxiclase to quinones and quinone methides, which serve as electrophilic cross-linking agents to form covalent cross-links between cuticular proteins. We investigated model reactions for protein cross-linking that occurs during insect cuticle sclerotization using recombinant pupal cuticular proteins from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, fungal or recombinant hornworm laccase-type phenoloxidase, and the cross-linking agent precursor N-acylcatecholamines, N-beta-alanydopamine (NBAD) or N-acetyldopamine (NADA). Recombinant M. sexta pupal cuticular proteins MsCP36, MsCP20, and MsCP27 were expressed and purified to near homogeneity. Polyclonal antisera to these recombinant proteins recognized the native proteins in crude pharate brown-colored pupal cuticle homogenates. Furthermore, antisera to MsCP36, which contains a type-1 Rebers and Riddiford (RR-1) consensus sequence, also recognized an immunoreactive protein in homogenates of larval head capsule exuviae, indicating the presence of an RR-1 cuticular protein in a very hard, sclerotized and nonpigmented cuticle. All three of the proteins formed small and large oligomers stable to boiling SIDS treatment under reducing conditions after reaction with laccase and the N-acylcatecholamines. The optimal reaction conditions for MsCP36 polymerization were 0.3nM MsCP36, 7.4mM NBAD and 1.0U/mu l fungal laccase. Approximately 5-10% of the monomer reacted to yield insoluble oligomers and polymers during the reaction, and the monomer also became increasingly insoluble in SIDS solution after reaction with the oxidized NBAD. When NADA was used instead of NBAD, less oligomer formation occurred, and most of the protein remained soluble. Radiolabeled NADA became covalently bound to the MsCP36 monomer and oligomers during cross-linking. Recombinant Manduca laccase (MsLac2) also catalyzed the polymerization of MsCP36. These results support the hypothesis that during sclerotization, insect cuticular proteins are oxidatively conjugated with catechols, a post translational process termed catecholation. and then become crosslinked, forming oligomers and subsequently polymers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Kanost, MR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 103 Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kanost@ksu.edu NR 33 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.01.012 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 032DV UT WOS:000236755000014 PM 16551549 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, SK Guo, WM Liu, LP Band, MA Paulson, EK Meydani, M AF Rodriguez, SK Guo, WM Liu, LP Band, MA Paulson, EK Meydani, M TI Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic signaling by disrupting the formation of a receptor complex SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE EGCG; angiogenesis; VEGFR complex; IL-8; NF-kappa B ID FACTOR-KAPPA-B; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HUMAN-MELANOMA; IN-VITRO; AKT; PHOSPHORYLATION; INTERLEUKIN-8; MECHANISMS AB A potential mechanism by which green tea may prevent cancer development is through the inhibition of angiogenesis. We have shown previously that the green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibits endothelial cell tube formation through the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced Akt activation and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin phosphorylation. Furthermore, EGCG can suppress oxidant-induced production of the proangiogenic cytokine interleukin (IL)-8. To further elucidate the antiangiogenic mechanisms of EGCG, we investigated its regulation of other molecular processes in VEGF-induced signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We show that EGCG at physiological doses (0.5-10 mu M) markedly inhibits the formation of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 complex formed upon the binding of its ligand VEGF. This disruption results in a significant and dose- dependent decrease in PI3-kinase activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that EGCG decreased the PI3 kinase-dependent activation and DNA-binding ability of NF-kappa B, likely acting through decreasing phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B. VEGF-induced IL-8 production at the mRNA (real time RTPCR) and protein levels (ELISA) are also suppressed with EGCG. These results suggest a novel mechanism for green tea's anticancer effects where EGCG can abrogate VEGF signaling by interfering with the formation of a receptor complex, resulting in attenuated mitogenic and angiogenic signaling. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Ctr Human Nutr, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Mol Oncol Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Ctr Human Nutr, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009; Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154; FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA094290-01] NR 56 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 118 IS 7 BP 1635 EP 1644 DI 10.1002/ijc.21545 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 024RV UT WOS:000236214700007 PM 16217757 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Shang, F Whitcomb, E Guo, WM Li, W Taylor, A AF Liu, Q Shang, F Whitcomb, E Guo, WM Li, W Taylor, A TI Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 3 delays human lens epithelial cells in metaphase SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; UBIQUITIN-MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS; S-PHASE; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; ACTIVATING ENZYME; CYCLE; DEGRADATION; CONJUGATION; MITOSIS; KINETOCHORES AB PURPOSE. Ubc3/Cdc34 is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Ubc) with well established functions in the G(1)-to-S-phase transition. Expecting to find similar effects in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), the authors explored roles for this ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in regulation of the HLEC cycle. METHODS. Catalytically incompetent Ubc3 (C88S, L97S), wild-type (wt)Ubc3, and mutant (mt)Ubc2 (C93A) were expressed in HLECs, by using an adenoviral vector, and cell cycle progression was assessed. RESULTS. Expression of mt- and wtUbc3, but not empty virus or mtUbc2, delayed the cell cycle in metaphase, rather than the expected G(1) phase. Expression of both Ubc3s also stabilized M-phase regulators, cyclin A, cyclin B, and securin. Thus, it appeared that the Ubc3 enzymes were playing roles different from canonical proteolytic functions in targeting G(1)/S regulators for degradation. We also directly investigated the effect of inhibiting the proteasome on the cell cycle of HLECs. When the proteasome inhibitor was added to S-phase cells, the M-phase regulators were stabilized, and the cells were arrested in the G(2)/M phase. In contrast, if the proteasome inhibitor was added before the cells entered the S phase, stabilization of the G(1) kinase inhibitors p21(WAF) and p27(KIP) was observed and the cells were arrested in the G(1) phase. CONCLUSIONS. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in regulation of transitions between all phases of the HLEC cycle. However, in contrast with previously described roles for Ubc3 in governing G(1)/S transitions, expression of Ubc3 delays the HLEC cycle in metaphase. The data suggest novel roles for Ubc3 that do not involve the transfer of ubiquitin in the M phase in the HLEC cell cycle. C1 Tufts Univ, JMUSDA HNRCA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Miami, FL USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JMUSDA HNRCA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11717, EY13250, EY14083-01A2, EY13078] NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1302 EP 1309 DI 10.1167/iovs-05-0935 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 029KI UT WOS:000236560800008 PM 16565361 ER PT J AU Halbert, LW Kaneene, JB Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Wells, SJ Mansfield, LS Fossler, CR Campbell, AM Geiger-Zwald, AM AF Halbert, LW Kaneene, JB Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Wells, SJ Mansfield, LS Fossler, CR Campbell, AM Geiger-Zwald, AM TI Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Campylobacter spp isolated from dairy cattle and farms managed organically and conventionally in the midwestern and northeastern United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE GENES; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; JEJUNI INFECTIONS; UNPASTEURIZED MILK; FOOD ANIMALS; SALMONELLA; OUTBREAK; FLUOROQUINOLONES; BACTERIA AB Objective-To describe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Campylobacter spp isolated from dairy cattle and farms managed organically and conventionally in the midwestern and northeastern United States. Design-Longitudinal study. Sample Population-128 farms. Procedure-Samples and data were collected every 2 months from August 2000 to October 2001. Fecal samples were collected from calves and cows. Milk samples were obtained from the bulk tank and milk line filters. Environmental samples were obtained from a water source, feed bunks of lactating cows, and cattle housing areas. Campylobacter identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed at a central laboratory by use of microbroth dilution with 2 customized antimicrobial susceptibility panels. Results-460 and 1, 570 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from organic and conventional dairy farms, respectively. Most isolates from both farm types were susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested, and antimicrobial susceptibility of conventional dairy isolates was decreased, compared with organic dairy isolates. Low proportions of isolates resistant to ampicillin (< 10%) and moderate proportions resistant (30% to 60%) to kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were observed on both farm types. The proportion of isolates resistant to tetracycline was higher for conventional than organic farms. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Campylobacter isolates from dairy cattle and farms managed organically and conventionally had similar patterns of antimicrobial resistance-, the proportion of resistant isolates was higher for conventional than organic farms. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kaneene, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 7 BP 1074 EP 1081 DI 10.2460/javma.228.7.1074 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 028VS UT WOS:000236517500026 PM 16579787 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Bohac, JR AF Jackson, D. Michael Bohac, Janice R. TI Survival and growth of Diabrotica balteata larvae on insect-resistant sweetpotato genotypes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; sweetpotato; Ipomoea; Diabrotica; bioassay ID BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PERIDERM; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; ACID; SWEETPOTATOES; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; CLONES AB Production of sweetpotatoes is severely limited by several insect pests, and new pest-management approaches for this crop are needed. A host plant resistance research program typically depends on reliable bioassay procedures to streamline evaluation of germplasm. Thus, a laboratory bioassay procedure was developed for larvae of the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Plugs (0.9 cin diam.) of sweetpotato peel (periderm plus cortex), cortex, or stele were placed into microcentrifuge tubes (1.5 mL) containing 1.0 mL of water-agar to prevent desiccation. One second instar, D. balteata, was added to each microcentrifuge tube and held at 25 degrees C for 12 d. Surviving larvae were weighed. The peels and stele of five sweetpotato genotypes ('Beauregard', 'Charleston Scarlet', 'Liberty', 'Regal', and SC1149-19) were evaluated. Diabrotica larvae grew larger when they were fed stele from any of the sweetpotato genotypes than when they were fed peels of any genotype. Larval growth was not different among genotypes for any of the stele treatments. However, larval growth on the peels of the resistant genotypes ('Liberty', 'Regal', and 'Charleston Scarlet') was significantly lower than for the susceptible cultivars ('Beauregard' or SC1149-19). Larvae did not survive well or gain much weight when they were starved or fed only the scraped periderm. of 'Regal.' There was no difference in the inhibition of larval growth by the cortex or the peel of 'Regal' roots. In general, survival effects were not as dramatic as differences in weight gain. These bioassays were consistent with field results, indicating that these techniques could be useful for evaluating pest resistance in sweetpotato genotypes for Diabrotica larvae and other insect species. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196YB UT WOS:000248518200003 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Buckley, PM Daves, CA AF Williams, W. Paul Buckley, Paul M. Daves, Christopher A. TI Identifying resistance in corn to southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae), fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), and corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringienesis; corn; Crambidae; Diatraea grandiosella; Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Zea mays ID LABORATORY BIOASSAY; TRANSGENIC CORN; GERMPLASM LINE; MAIZE; REGISTRATION; PYRALIDAE; GROWTH; LARVAE AB Southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), are major insect pests of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern United States. Corn hybrids produced from resistant germplasm were evaluated together with Bt and nonBt commercial hybrids in field tests and laboratory bioassays for resistance to leaf and ear damage by southwestern corn borer, fall armyworm, and corn earworm. The Bt hybrids, Mp496 x Mp716 and Mp704 x Mp716, exhibited resistance to leaf feeding damage by southwestern corn borer and fall armyworm. The Bt hybrids sustained significantly less southwestern corn borer ear damage than their nonBt versions. Those genotypes expressing resistance to leaf feeding also showed resistance, as indicated by reduced larval growth or survival in laboratory bioassays based on lyophilized leaf tissue, to southwestern corn borer, fall armyworm, and corn earworm. Only the Bt hybrids expressed resistance when larval growth was evaluated in bioassays based on lyophilized husk tissues. Using both field tests and laboratory bioassays to assess resistance to these insects will enhance efforts to identify useful germplasm and determine factors contributing to resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196YB UT WOS:000248518200004 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Windham, GL Buckley, PM Daves, CA AF Williams, W. Paul Windham, Gary L. Buckley, Paul M. Daves, Christopher A. TI Aflatoxin accumulation in corn hybrids infested at different growth stages with southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Diatraea grandiosella; Lepidoptera; Crambidae; Zea mays; host plant resistance ID GERMPLASM LINE; FALL ARMYWORM; MAIZE; REGISTRATION; INFESTATION; DAMAGE; MYCOTOXINS; PYRALIDAE; LARVAE AB Aflatoxin is a potent toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Contamination of corn, Zea mays L., with aflatoxin greatly reduces the value of corn grain and is a major impediment to profitable corn production in the South. Infestation of developing corn ears with southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidopera: Crambidae), increases the likelihood of aflatoxin contamination. In this investigation, six corn hybrids with different levels of resistance to southwestern corn borer damage and aflatoxin contamination were evaluated for damage by southwestern corn borer and aflatoxin contamination after infestation with southwestern corn borer at 7-d intervals from 35-84 d after planting and inoculation with an A. flavus conidial suspension. Transgenic (130 hybrids exhibited excellent resistance to Southwestern corn borer and less aflatoxin contamination than conventional versions of the same hybrids. A conventional hybrid with intermediate resistance to southwestern corn borer also exhibited relatively low levels of aflatoxin contamination. A conventional hybrid selected for resistance to aflatoxin contamination was heavily damaged by southwestern corn borer, but exhibited little aflatoxin contamination. Hybrids that have resistance to both southwestern corn borer and aflatoxin contamination appear to have the greatest potential for effectively reducing losses to aflatoxin in the South. Damage by southwestern corn borer to plants in both the vegetative and reproductive stages of growth can increase aflatoxin contamination in susceptible corn hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196YB UT WOS:000248518200005 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Fernandez, CJ Erickson, CA AF Tewolde, H Fernandez, CJ Erickson, CA TI Wheat cultivars adapted to post-heading high temperature stress SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grain filling; heading; heat stress; leaf senescence; winter wheat ID HEAT-STRESS; REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH; DOUGH PROPERTIES; GRAIN-GROWTH; TOLERANCE; DURATION; QUALITY; CEREALS; WEIGHT; WINTER AB The existence of genetic variation in wheat for tolerance to high temperature stress has been reported but cultivars released for a particular production system often are not characterized. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the characteristics of wheat cultivars adapted to production systems with risks of high temperature during the post-heading period. Fifteen diverse wheat cultivars and one unreleased genotype were evaluated at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, during two seasons characterized by daily maximum temperatures as high as 36 degrees C. Measurements during both seasons included days to heading, days to physiological maturity and grain yield. Large and significant (P < 0.05) grain yield differences were measured among cultivars within each season. Yield varied between 2979 and 4671 kg ha(-1) in the first season and between 1916 and 5200 kg ha(-1) in the second season. Late planting in the second season delayed heading date resulting in the post-heading period to coincide with periods of high temperatures. Cultivars that headed early, in general, yielded better than cultivars that headed later within each season with yield reduction of 35.3 kg ha(-1) in the first season and 91.0 kg ha(-1) in the second season for every 1 day delay in heading after mid-March. Early-heading cultivars outperformed later-heading cultivars because of two distinct advantages: the early-heading cultivars had longer post-heading and, therefore, longer grain filling period than the later-heading cultivars. In addition, early-heading cultivars completed a greater fraction of the grain filling earlier in the season when air temperatures were lower and generally more favourable. The advantage of earlier-heading cultivars was also manifested in the amount of green leaves retained to anthesis. Earlier-heading cultivars produced fewer total leaves per tiller but retained more green leaves and lost fewer leaves to senescence at anthesis than later-heading cultivars. The results suggest that early heading is an important and effective single trait defining wheat cultivars adapted to production systems prone to high temperature stress during the post-heading period. C1 USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM htewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 192 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00189.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 026GR UT WOS:000236327900004 ER PT J AU Isler, BJ Freking, BA Thallman, RM Heaton, MP Leymaster, KA AF Isler, BJ Freking, BA Thallman, RM Heaton, MP Leymaster, KA TI Evaluation of associations between prion haplotypes and growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in a Dorset x Romanov sheep population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass trait; growth trait; meat quality trait; prion gene; scrapie resistance; sheep ID OVINE CALLIPYGE LOCUS; LINKAGE MAP; GENOTYPES; BREEDS; GENOME; PRNP AB There is concern about potential antagonistic correlated responses due to intensive selection for scrapie-resistant haplotypes of the prion (PRNP) gene in sheep. The objective of the present research was to test for associations of PRNP haplotypes for codons 136, 154, and 171 with growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in an F-2 Dorset x Romanov population (n = 415) segregating the 2 callipyge alleles. Haplotypes of the 3 PRNP codons were determined for each sheep, and breed of origin of each gamete was predicted by genotyping 6 microsatellite markers flanking the PRNP locus. Twenty-five growth, carcass, and meat quality traits were evaluated. Data were analyzed using a basic model consisting of fixed effects of year, sex, and callipyge genotype, the random effect of sire, and 7 covariates corresponding to the probability that a lamb inherited a specific PRNP haplotype of either Dorset or Romanov origin. A fixed effect of litter size was added to the model for growth traits. The model for carcass traits contained the linear and quadratic effects of chilled carcass weight and the interactions among callipyge genotype and linear and quadratic terms. For meat quality traits, the model contained chilled carcass weight as a covariate and the interaction between callipyge genotype and chilled carcass weight. A contrast between the resistant ARR haplotype and the average effect of other PRNP haplotypes was tested to investigate the effects of potential selection for ARR within each breed of origin (Dorset, ARR vs. ARQ, VRQ and AHQ; Romanov, ARR vs. ARQ and VRQ). There was limited evidence that selecting for scrapie resistance would cause correlated responses due to linkage disequilibrium. Associations of only 3 traits with PRNP haplotypes were detected in either breed of origin. In Romanov, the ARR haplotype was associated with longer carcasses (P < 0.013), narrower rumps (P = 0.038), and less marbling (P = 0.022) than the average of ARQ and VRQ haplotypes. No significant contrasts were detected for Dorset. This study is the first to account for breed of origin while investigating haplotype associations in an F-2 population. This study provided limited evidence of associations between PRNP haplotypes and growth, carcass, and meat quality traits. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Leymaster, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM leymaster@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 783 EP 788 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 030TW UT WOS:000236658600001 PM 16543554 ER PT J AU Koopmans, SJ Guzik, AC van der Meulen, J Dekker, R Kogut, J Kerr, BJ Southern, LL AF Koopmans, SJ Guzik, AC van der Meulen, J Dekker, R Kogut, J Kerr, BJ Southern, LL TI Effects of supplemental L-tryptophan on serotonin, cortisol, intestinal integrity, and behavior in weanling piglets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; cortisol; intestinal integrity; pig; tryptophan ID DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN; SALIVARY CORTISOL; AMINO-ACIDS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; LAYING HENS; YOUNG-PIGS; PLASMA; PROTEIN; AGGRESSION; DECREASES AB Stress occurs in intensive pig farming when piglets are weaned and mixed. In this study, we investigated whether this stress might be reduced with elevated dietary levels of Trp. The effects of supplemental dietary Trp (5 g/kg of feed, as-fed basis) were tested on the neuroendocrine system, intestinal integrity, behavior, and growth performance in nursery pigs, both before and after mixing. Mixing occurred 5 d after weaning and diet introduction. On d 4, 5, and 6, Trp-fed pigs vs. control pigs showed approximately a 2-fold elevation in plasma Trp concentrations (68 +/- 7 vs. 32 +/- 2 mu mol/L; P < 0.001), a 38% increase in hypothalamic serotonin turnover as measured by 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid:5-hydroxytryptamine (P < 0.001), and an 11 to 18% increase (P < 0.05) in the intestinal villus height:crypt depth. Before (d 4) and at (d 5) mixing, saliva but not plasma cortisol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.02) by approximately 2-fold in Trp-fed pigs vs. control pigs. Intestinal paracellular (horseradish peroxidase) and transcellular (fluorescein isothiocyanate) transport of macromolecules were not affected by dietary treatment, but mixing induced a 2-fold reduction (P < 0.05) in transcellular transport. Behavioral responses (lying and standing) at mixing were not affected by dietary treatment, except on d 10 after diet introduction when Trp supplementation induced more lying and less standing (P < 0.02). Average daily gain and ADFI were not different among dietary groups (P > 0.10). In conclusion, supplemental dietary Trp (5 g/kg) to piglets increased hypothalamic serotonergic activity, reduced the salivary cortisol response to mixing, improved intestinal morphology, and reduced physical activity 10 d after diet introduction. Consequently, diets containing high Trp levels improved neuroendocrine components of stress and increased gastrointestinal robustness but did not affect behavioral reactivity in nursery pigs during weaning and mixing. C1 Wageningen UR, Anim Sci Grp, Dept Food & Nutr, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, SOMMRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Koopmans, SJ (reprint author), Wageningen UR, Anim Sci Grp, Dept Food & Nutr, Edelhertweg 15,POB 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. EM sietse-jan.koopmans@wur.nl NR 36 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 963 EP 971 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 030TW UT WOS:000236658600022 PM 16543575 ER PT J AU Jesse, TW Englen, MD Pittenger-Alley, LG Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Jesse, TW Englen, MD Pittenger-Alley, LG Fedorka-Cray, PJ TI Two distinct mutations in gyrA lead to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens and beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; Campylobacter; ciprofloxacin; gyrA; nalidixic acid ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; EFFLUX PUMP; TOPOISOMERASE GENES; POINT MUTATION; HONG-KONG; ASSAY; PCR AB Aims: The aim of this study was to identify point mutations in the gyrA quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of Campylobacter coli (n = 27) and Campylobacter jejuni (n = 26) that confer nalidixic acid (NAL) resistance without conferring resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP). Methods and Results: Point mutations in the QRDR of gyrA from C. coli and C. jejuni isolates were identified by direct sequencing. All isolates (n = 14) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) >= 4 mu g ml(-1) for CIP and >= 32 mu g ml(-1) for NAL possessed a missense mutation leading to substitution of Ile for Thr at codon 86. Three isolates with a missense mutation leading to a Thr86Ala substitution had MICs < 4 mu g ml(-1) for CIP and >= 32 mu g ml(-1) for NAL. Conclusions: These data confirm previous findings that Thr86Ile mutations confer resistance to both CIP and NAL. However, resistance to NAL alone was conferred by a single Thr86Ala mutation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Resistance to NAL alone arises independently from CIP resistance. In addition, the role of other previously described point mutations in quinolone resistance is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Englen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM menglen@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 BP 682 EP 688 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02796.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 021ZM UT WOS:000236024400008 PM 16553723 ER PT J AU Ladenburger, CG Hild, AL Kazmer, DJ Munn, LC AF Ladenburger, CG Hild, AL Kazmer, DJ Munn, LC TI Soil salinity patterns in Tamarix invasions in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE saltcedar; Tamarisk; soil pH; soil nutrients; invasive; riparian ID POPULUS-FREMONTII; RIPARIAN PLANTS; NATIVE POPULUS; UNITED-STATES; RIO-GRANDE; SALTCEDAR; MEXICO; ESTABLISHMENT; RESTORATION; RAMOSISSIMA AB Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) is an exotic, invasive shrub of riparian corridors in the western United States that can promote soil salinization via leaf exudates as Tamarix litter accumulates on the soil surface. Tamarix stands occur in association with big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides) in northern Wyoming, depending on topographic position. Revegetation of Tamarix-invaded sites can be limited by altered soil conditions. Tamarix stands in northcentral Wyoming were selected to determine the relationship of Tamarix shrubs and associated vegetation to soil salinity, pH, and nutrients. In general, salinity of surface soils (0-5 cm) was greater and pH was lower than in deeper soils. Surface soils (0-5 cm) beneath Tamarix have greater salinity and lower pH than soil in interspaces. Because soil salinity in the Bighorn Basin is lower than levels documented in most Tamarix stands of the southwestern United States, many species used for revegetation should tolerate soil conditions here following Tamarix control. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Hild, AL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annhildo@uwyo.edu NR 41 TC 35 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 111 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.07.004 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018MA UT WOS:000235767200008 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Peters, DPC AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Peters, DPC TI Introduction to special issue - Landscape linkages and cross-scale interactions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.04.001 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400001 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Havstad, KM AF Peters, DPC Havstad, KM TI Nonlinear dynamics in arid and semi-arid systems: Interactions among drivers and processes across scales SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE conceptual framework; cross scale interactions; historical legacies; landscape context; resource redistribution; threshold behavior; transport processes ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND RANGE; GRAZING SYSTEMS; RAINFALL SIMULATION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; OVERLAND-FLOW; WIND EROSION; VEGETATION; RUNOFF; DESERTIFICATION AB We discuss a new conceptual framework for arid and semi-arid systems that accounts for nonlinear dynamics and cross scale interactions in explaining landscape patterns and dynamics. Our framework includes a spatial and temporal hierarchy, and five key interacting components that connect scales of the hierarchy and generate threshold behaviors: (1) historical legacies that include climate, disturbance, and management regimes, (2) dynamic template of patterns in ecological variables and spatial context, (3) vertical and horizontal transport processes (fluvial, aeolian, animal), (4) rate, direction, and amount of resource redistribution between high and low resource areas, and (5) feedbacks among plants, animals, and soils. We illustrate how this framework can be used to understand, forecast, and manage ecological systems that exhibit nonlinear dynamics across a range of spatial and temporal scales. This paper provides the foundation for a series of papers from the Jornada Experimental Range ARS-LTER research site in southern New Mexico, USA that support this new conceptual framework. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu NR 58 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.05.010 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400002 ER PT J AU Monger, HC Bestelmeyer, BT AF Monger, HC Bestelmeyer, BT TI The soil-geomorphic template and biotic change in arid and semi-arid ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE biotic change; desertification; geomorphology; soil; topography ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; DESERT; DESERTIFICATION; VEGETATION; SURFACE AB The objective of this paper is to illustrate the concept of the soil-geomorphic template and its relationship to biotic change in arid and semi-arid regions. Such biotic change is typically accompanied by and linked to geomorphic change that involves soil, topography, and soil parent material, which together form the soil-geomorphic template. Soil is a factor in biotic change because it is the substrate that provides water, nutrients, anchorage for plants, and habitat for burrowing animals. Topography is a factor in biotic change because it influences local microclimate by means of elevation, lateral redistribution of water, and slope orientation. Soil parent material is a factor in biotic change because it provides the lithic inheritance from the geologic landscape that gives rise to soils with different particle size distribution (i.e. available water holding capacity) and nutrient status. Numerous linkages and feedback loops occur between the soil-geomorphic template, microclimate, vegetation; and animals. A perturbation in any of these factors can steer an ecosystem from one state to another. The integral relationship between the soil-geomorphic template and biotic change is an example of how biological and geological systems are coupled and co-evolve over long-term (Quaternary landscape evolution) and short-term (human-induced desertification) tithe-scales. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Monger, HC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM cmonger@nmsu.edu NR 70 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.08.012 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400003 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Tartowski, SL AF Snyder, KA Tartowski, SL TI Multi-scale temporal variation in water availability: Implications for vegetation dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE climate change; experimental rainfall manipulation; seasonal precipitation; rainfall pulses; Walter's two-layer model; woody plant encroachment ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; SOIL-WATER; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; COLORADO PLATEAU; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; PLANT-RESPONSES; PULSES AB The objective of this paper is to illustrate the importance of variation in water availability to temporal variation in vegetation dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We hypothesize that fine-scale pulses of precipitation interact with longer scale variation in climate and weather to generate temporal variation in plant community composition. Arid and semi-arid regions exhibit great temporal variability in water availability as a result of variation in climate and weather at multiple scales and vegetation-soil water feedbacks. The scales of variation include: shifting climate regimes over centuries and decades, inter-annual variation in weather patterns, seasonal differences in winter and summer precipitation, and within-season variability in precipitation frequency and magnitude. In arid and semi-arid regions, pulses of rainfall are separated by intervening dry periods of variable lengths. This situation results in fluctuating availability of water that limits plant production and controls other ecological processes; such as rates of nutrient cycling. In some semi-arid and arid systems, temporal variation in water availability may create positive feedbacks that facilitate encroachment of C3 woody plant species into areas formerly dominated by C4 grasses. Our ability to predict these complex shifts in vegetation composition may be improved by including temporal variation in climate, weather, and ecosystem processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kasnyder@nmsu.edu RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 66 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.023 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400004 ER PT J AU Rango, A Tartowski, SL Laliberte, A Wainwright, J Parsons, A AF Rango, A Tartowski, SL Laliberte, A Wainwright, J Parsons, A TI Islands of hydrologically enhanced biotic productivity in natural and managed arid ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE biotic productivity; heterogeneity; rangeland; remediation; runoff; water ponding dikes ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; SHRUBLAND HABITATS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; DESERT SHRUBS; OVERLAND-FLOW; CREOSOTEBUSH; VEGETATION; RANGELAND; RAINFALL AB The objective of this paper is to examine the spatial variability of islands of enhanced hydrologic activity and its application to remediation of degraded arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Factors causing high spatial variability of water in arid regions include precipitation, soil, physiography, and vegetation. Inherent heterogeneity of arid lands causes areas of runoff and run-on which lead to development of islands of hydrologically enhanced biotic productivity. These hydrologic islands are observed at the individual plant scale as well as in large area patterns of banded vegetation, playettes and playas, and beaded drainage networks where run-on and infiltration stimulate vegetation growth. To remediate degraded rangeland, it may be prudent to mimic nature by diverting water to target areas to create patterns similar to natural islands of hydrologically enhanced biotic productivity. Installation of structures such as water ponding dikes can promote changes to natural vegetation patterns at a landscape scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alrango@nmsu.edu RI parsons, anthony/E-3608-2010; Wainwright, John/E-1425-2012; OI parsons, anthony/0000-0002-6730-5031 NR 55 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.09.002 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400005 ER PT J AU Okin, GS Gillette, DA Herrick, JE AF Okin, GS Gillette, DA Herrick, JE TI Multi-scale controls on and consequences of aeolian processes in landscape change in arid and semi-arid environments SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE Aeolian processes; desertification; dust emission; landscape change; wind erosion ID WIND EROSION PREDICTION; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; MINERAL AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ROUGH SURFACES; DRAG PARTITION; UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT; IN-SOURCE AB Aeolian processes are tightly linked to soil and vegetation change in arid and semi-arid systems at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Wind influences patterns of vegetation and soil within the landscape, and these patterns control wind erosion at patch to landscape scales. Aggregated at larger scales, patterns in soil and vegetation distributions influence global distributions of dust and its biogeochemical impacts. Understanding the controls on aeolian processes is therefore important not only in understanding the biogeochemistry and land cover patterns in dryland environments, but also in understanding global land cover, climate, and biogeochemistry. Although the microscopic physics that control aeolian processes are well understood, the controls on these processes in real landscapes are poorly constrained, particularly for structurally complex plant communities such as shrub-invaded grasslands. This paper reviews the controls on aeolian processes and their consequences at plant-interspace, patch-landscape, and regional-global scales. Based on this review, we define the requirements for a cross-scale model of wind erosion in structurally complex arid and semi-arid ecosystems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NOAA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Okin, GS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM okin@virginia.edu NR 90 TC 113 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 54 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 253 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.029 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400006 ER PT J AU Lucero, ME Barrow, JR Osuna, P Reyes, I AF Lucero, ME Barrow, JR Osuna, P Reyes, I TI Plant-fungal interactions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems: Large-scale impacts from microscale processes SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE Atriplex canescens; Bouteloua eriopoda; endophytic fungi; in vitro propagation; Sporobolus cryptandrus ID CANESCENS PURSH NUTT; ENDOPHYTES; GROWTH AB The roles of microbes in shaping plant communities have historically been underestimated. Recent improvements in our abilities to detect, identify, and monitor microbial inhabitants of plant tissues are increasing our appreciation of the complex microbial dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Microbial endophytes can modify plants at genetic, physiologic, and ecologic levels. These modifications induce profound changes in how plants respond to their environments, with potential consequences in terms of spatial variation in vegetation dynamics. Microscale examination of Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) and Atriplex canescens (fourwing saltbush) collected in the northern Chihuahuan Desert revealed diverse fungal communities associated with individual plants at the cellular and subcellular levels. To explore thresholds of plant fitness defined by microbial communities, endophytes from B. eriopoda were transferred to Sporobolus cryptandrus (sand dropseed), and endophytes from S. cryptandrus and A. canescens were transferred to B. eriopoda. Dramatic, whole-plant differences in morphology and biomass between treated and untreated plants were observed. Treated plants were generally larger, with greater reproductive potential than untreated controls. We hypothesize that these transformed plants will continue to out-perform their native counterparts, propagating changes from the plant-microbe interface to ecologically significant scales. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lucero, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mlucero@nmsu.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.08.014 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400007 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Laliberte, A Anderson, DM AF Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Laliberte, A Anderson, DM TI Mesquite recruitment in the Chihuahuan Desert: Historic and prehistoric patterns with long-term impacts SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE historic legacy; invasive species; landscape history; Prosopis glandulosa; seed dispersal ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; DESERTIFICATION; ENCROACHMENT; PERSPECTIVES; EXTINCTION; AMERICA; LEWIS AB Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) has increased in dominance over large areas of the Chihuahuan Desert, chiefly at the expense of once expansive desert grasslands. Excessive grazing and seed dissemination by livestock are often cited as the cause of this transition. We propose an alternate hypothesis that expansion of mesquite is not simply due to cause and effect relationships during recent history; rather, mesquite expansion is a result of a series of cause and effect relationships that transpired over a much longer timeframe (millennia). We assert that mesquite expansion may have ultimately occurred in the absence of widespread livestock grazing during the last 130 years because of removal of barriers to mesquite expansion created by indigenous peoples. We explore factors that attenuate or intensify mesquite expansion, and examine how a series of fine scale, but temporally seminal, events can propagate across multiple scales. Furthermore, we examine the relevance of this hypothesis for present day remediation of shrub-dominated grasslands and conclude that knowledge of historic and prehistoric events and processes are critical to effectively manage landscapes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Fredrickson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM efredric@nmsu.edu NR 42 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.10.019 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400008 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Trujillo, DA Tugel, AJ Havstad, KM AF Bestelmeyer, BT Trujillo, DA Tugel, AJ Havstad, KM TI A multi-scale classification of vegetation dynamics in arid lands: What is the right scale for models, monitoring, and restoration? SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE Chihuahuan Desert; geomorphology; soil quality; state-and-transition models; thresholds ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; JORNADA BASIN; MANAGEMENT; EROSION; ENVIRONMENTS; GRASSLANDS; RANGELANDS AB Measurements of vegetation and soil dynamics used to anticipate (or reverse) catastrophic transitions in arid and semi-arid rangelands are often difficult to interpret. This situation is due, in part, to a lack of empirically based conceptual models that incorporate the effects of multiple processes, scale, spatio-temporal pattern, and soils. Using observations of multi-temporal data from the Chihuahuan Desert, we describe a new approach to classifying vegetation dynamics based on multiple scales of vegetation and soil pattern as well as cross-scale interactions. We propose the existence of six types of mechanisms driving vegetation change including (1) stability, (2) size oscillation of plants, (3) loss and reestablishment of plants within functional groups, (4) loss of one plant functional group and replacement by another, (5) spatial reorganization of vegetation patches, and (6) cascading transitions that spread from small to broad scales. We provide evidence for the existence of these mechanisms, the species involved, and the geomorphic components on which they are observed in the Chihuahuan Desert. These mechanisms highlight the kinds of multi-scale observations that are needed to detect or interpret change and emphasize the importance of soil surface properties for interpreting vegetation change. The classification is potentially general across arid and semi-arid ecosystems and links spatial and temporal patterns in vegetation with ecological and geomorphic processes, monitoring, and restoration strategies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 79 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 296 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.028 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400009 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Bestelmeyer, BT Archer, S Tugel, AJ Brown, JR AF Herrick, JE Bestelmeyer, BT Archer, S Tugel, AJ Brown, JR TI An integrated framework for science-based arid land management SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Landscape Linkages and Cross Scale Interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert held at the 6th Symposium on Natural Resources of the Chiluahuan CY OCT, 2004 CL Alpine, TX SP Chihuahuan Desert Res Inst DE adaptive management; ecological site descriptions; natural resource management; rangelands; thresholds ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; RANGELANDS; STATE; INDICATORS; VEGETATION; PARADIGMS; ECOLOGY AB Science is frequently touted as the solution to dryland management problems, yet most management decisions are, by necessity, based primarily on expert knowledge and experience. This paper describes an integrated framework for organizing, synthesizing, and applying our growing understanding of aridland ecosystems using a flexible, multi-objective assessment, monitoring, and management approach. The framework is dual-purpose: (1) to coordinate the use of existing tools, resources, and diffuse knowledge, and (2) to facilitate the integration and application of new knowledge as it is developed. In particular, this framework must facilitate the integration of new knowledge about linkages among landscape units across scales. The framework includes five elements: (1) an ecological site-based approach for categorizing land based on soils and climate, (2) a repository for organizing existing data and knowledge about each ecological site, (3) conceptual models that organize information on the impacts of management and climate variability, and protocols for (4) assessing and (5) monitoring key ecosystem attributes fundamental to a variety of management objectives. Within this framework, basic and applied research are explicitly linked to management of arid and semi-arid ecosystems to more effectively articulate research questions and set research priorities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, NRCS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 56 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 319 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.09.003 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030OZ UT WOS:000236645400010 ER PT J AU Roberts, C Anderson, KL Murphy, E Projan, SJ Mounts, W Hurlburt, B Smeltzer, M Overbeek, R Disz, T Dunman, PM AF Roberts, C Anderson, KL Murphy, E Projan, SJ Mounts, W Hurlburt, B Smeltzer, M Overbeek, R Disz, T Dunman, PM TI Characterizing the effect of the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor regulator, SarA, on log-phase mRNA half-lives SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; IN-VITRO; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; GLOBAL REGULATOR; BINDING PROTEIN; DNA TOPOLOGY; GLPD LEADER AB Bacterial pathogens regulate virulence factor expression at both the level of transcription initiation and mRNA processing/turnover. Within Staphylococcus aureus, virulence factor transcript synthesis is regulated by a number of two-component regulatory systems, the DNA binding protein SarA, and the SarA family of homologues. However, little is known about the factors that modulate mRNA stability or influence transcript degradation within the organism. As our entree to characterizing these processes, S. aureus GeneChips were used to simultaneously determine the mRNA half-lives of all transcripts produced during log-phase growth. It was found that the majority of log-phase transcripts (90%) have a short half-life (< 5 min), whereas others are more stable, suggesting that cis- and/or trans-acting factors influence S. aureus mRNA stability. In support of this, it was found that two virulence factor transcripts, cna and spa, were stabilized in a sarA-dependent manner. These results were validated by complementation and real-time PCR and suggest that SarA may regulate target gene expression in a previously unrecognized manner by posttranscriptionally modulating mRNA turnover. Additionally, it was found that S. aureus produces a set of stable RNA molecules with no predicted open reading frame. Based on the importance of the S. aureus agr RNA molecule, RNAIII, and small stable RNA molecules within other pathogens, it is possible that these RNA molecules influence biological processes within the organism. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Bacterial Vaccines, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Wyeth Biol Technol, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Fellowship Interpretat Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dunman, PM (reprint author), 986495 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM pdunman@unmc.edu NR 62 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 188 IS 7 BP 2593 EP 2603 DI 10.1128/JB.188.7.2593-2603.2006 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 027GP UT WOS:000236403300033 PM 16547047 ER PT J AU Miller, DR AF Miller, DR TI Ethanol and (-)-alpha-pinene: Attractant kairomones for some large wood-boring beetles in southeastern USA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerambycidae; Xylotrechus; Monochamus; Acanthocinus; Curculionidae; Hylobius; Pachylobius; Elateridae; Alaus; ethanol; alpha-pinene; kairomone; exotics ID PINE BARK BEETLES; BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE; FOREST COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; SCOLYTIDAE; CERAMBYCIDAE; SCUTELLATUS; PHEROMONES; INSECTS; IPS AB Ethanol and alpha-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002-2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (-)-alpha-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25-28 degrees C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (-)-alpha-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (-)-alpha-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (-)-alpha-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (-)-alpha-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 779 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9037-8 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046FA UT WOS:000237795600006 PM 16586033 ER PT J AU Trujillo, ME Lee, MJ Sullivan, S Feng, JY Schneider, SH Greenberg, AS Fried, SK AF Trujillo, ME Lee, MJ Sullivan, S Feng, JY Schneider, SH Greenberg, AS Fried, SK TI Tumor necrosis factor alpha and glucocorticoid synergistically increase leptin production in human adipose tissue: Role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; IN-VITRO; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; OBESE WOMEN; OMENTAL ADIPOCYTES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; MESSENGER-RNA; RELEASE; INSULIN AB Context: TNF increases plasma leptin in humans in vivo, but previous studies showed it decreases leptin in vitro. Objective and Participants: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TNF on leptin release from human adipose tissue ( AT) from healthy subjects undergoing elective surgery or needle aspirations of AT at a university hospital. Design: Human omental and abdominal sc AT fragments from nonobese and obese subjects were placed in organ culture without or with TNF added in the presence or absence of insulin and/or dexamethasone (dex; a synthetic glucocorticoid) for up to 2 d. Results: In the absence of hormones, culture with TNF decreased leptin release. In contrast, when added in the presence of dex, TNF increased secreted leptin and leptin mRNA abundance in AT from nonobese and obese subjects. The TNF + dex-stimulated increase in leptin was associated with an increase in p38 MAPK activity and was totally blocked by p38 MAPK inhibitors. In contrast, inhibition of p38 MAPK only partially blocked the effect of TNF on IL-6 production. Culture of obese AT with either p38 or p44/42 MAPK inhibitors also blunted the spontaneous increase in media leptin that occurred from d 1 - 2 of culture in omental AT of obese subjects. Conclusion: Synergistic effects of increased local or systemic TNF in combination with glucocorticoids may contribute to increased leptin expression in response to stress, including infection and obesity. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Endocrinol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fried, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, 660 W Redwood St,Howard Hall 428, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM sfried@medicine.umaryland.edu RI Trujillo, Martha/L-1763-2014; OI Trujillo, Martha/0000-0002-9193-1673; Lee, Mi-Jeong/0000-0002-8171-7913; Fried, Susan/0000-0003-1101-9332 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 59823] NR 41 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2006 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1484 EP 1490 DI 10.1210/jc.2005-1901 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 029YW UT WOS:000236601300048 PM 16403817 ER PT J AU Stukenberg, D Blayney, D Miller, J AF Stukenberg, D Blayney, D Miller, J TI Major advances in milk marketing: Government and industry consolidation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE federal milk market order; support price; Class I differentials; classified pricing AB Federal dairy programs have been instituted to assist dairy farmers in marketing their milk. Milk marketing licenses were issued for city markets in 1933 during the depression. Federal Milk Orders replaced licenses in 1937 with enactment of the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act. Low prices returned in the late 1940s and Congress passed the Agricultural Act of 1949 creating the support program for milk. Congressional involvement in milk marketing was minimal until passage of the 1977 Farm Bill. A support price adjustment to seek favorable political responses from farmers resulted in higher prices and ultimately higher production. Large expenditures and burdensome supplies caused Congress to make major changes to both programs. Other milk marketing programs have evolved from Congressional actions, including export and promotion programs. The exiting and consolidation of the dairy processors and producers has lead to a reduction in the number of marketing orders. C1 USDA, Dairy Program, Market Adm Off, Lenexa, KS 66219 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Stukenberg, D (reprint author), USDA, Dairy Program, Market Adm Off, Lenexa, KS 66219 USA. EM david.stukenberg@Fmmacentral.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1206 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 021OG UT WOS:000235991900009 PM 16537953 ER PT J AU Bauman, DE Mather, IH Wall, RJ Lock, AL AF Bauman, DE Mather, IH Wall, RJ Lock, AL TI Major advances associated with the biosynthesis of milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioactive fatty acids; human health milk fat secretion; milk fat depression ID LACTATING MAMMARY-GLAND; FAT COMPOSITION; HUMAN HEALTH; SECRETION; PROTEINS AB The mammary gland has an incredible level of organization and a remarkable ability to convert circulating nutrients into milk components. This review highlights four areas of high interest in the biology of milk synthesis where advances over the last quarter-century have resulted in new understanding or revealed new opportunities. First, advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of milk secretion has led to a substantial increase in our knowledge of the intracellular origin of lipid droplets and the identity and potential function of milk fat globule membrane proteins in milk-lipid secretion. Second, recent breakthroughs have advanced our understanding of the nutritional regulation of milk fat and highlighted the interrelations between dietary components, digestive processes in the rumen, and the regulation of mammary synthesis of milk fat. Third, nutritional quality is becoming increasingly important in food choices because of consumer awareness of the links between diet and health. The traditional nutritional value of milk and dairy products is well established, but recent discoveries have identified a number of "bioactive" components in milk with potential to improve human health. Finally, the concept of genetic engineering and the use of animals as "bioreactors" and the "pharming" of proteins not normally found in milk have gained recognition, with the dairy industry ideally suited to take advantage of advances in these areas. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bauman, DE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM deb6@cornell.edu NR 20 TC 135 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1235 EP 1243 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 021OG UT WOS:000235991900012 PM 16537956 ER PT J AU Goff, JP AF Goff, JP TI Major advances in our understanding of nutritional influences on bovine health SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immunology; metabolic disease; milk fever; ketosis ID MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE POPULATIONS; MAMMARY-GLAND HEALTH; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; DAIRY-COWS; VITAMIN-E; BETA-CAROTENE; EARLY LACTATION; DIETARY COPPER; MILK FEVER; PREPARTUM AB The Journal of Dairy Science has increasingly become a primary outlet for scientific research concerning the health of the dairy cow and her calf. This paper attempts to highlight Journal of Dairy Science articles that have linked nutrition and nutritional strategies to reduce disease incidence on the dairy farm. Disorders associated with an animal's inability to cope with the demands of high production include diseases such as milk fever and ketosis, which clearly are related to the cow's inability to maintain bodily functions in the face of negative calcium or energy balance. Improved nutrition of the late gestation cow can reduce the incidence of some of these disorders. Susceptibility to infectious disease is dependent on the integrity of the immune system, and recent studies have shed light on nutritional factors that affect leukocyte function. Other disorders, such as retained fetal membranes, udder edema, and displacement of the abomasum are not easily categorized as to their cause, but nutritional strategies have been developed to help prevent these disorders as well. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jgoff@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 120 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1301 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 021OG UT WOS:000235991900017 PM 16537961 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Norman, HD AF Powell, RL Norman, HD TI Major advances in genetic evaluation techniques SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; Interbull; evaluation accuracy; somatic cell score ID SOMATIC-CELL SCORES; STATES DAIRY-CATTLE; TRAIT ANIMAL-MODELS; TEST DAY YIELDS; UNITED-STATES; SIRE EVALUATION; MODIFIED CONTEMPORARY; MATERNAL GRANDSIRE; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; CALVING EASE AB The past quarter-century in genetic evaluation of dairy cattle has been marked by evolution in methodology and computer capacity, expansion in the array of evaluated traits, and globalization. Animal models replaced sire and sire-maternal grandsire models and, more recently, application of Bayesian theory has become standard. Individual test-day observations have been used more effectively in estimation of lactation yield or directly as input to evaluation models. Computer speed and storage are less limiting in choosing procedures. The increased capabilities have supported evaluation of additional traits that affect the net profitability of dairy cows. The importance of traits other than yield has increased, in a few cases due to an antagonistic relationship with yield. National evaluations combined internationally provide evaluations for bulls from all participating countries on each of the national scales, facilitating choices from among many more bulls. Selection within countries has increased inbreeding and the use of similar genetics across countries reduces the previously available outcross population. Concern about inbreeding has prompted changes in evaluation methodology and mating practices, and has promoted interest in crossbreeding. In just the past decade, distribution of genetic evaluations has gone from mailed paper or computer tapes for a limited audience to publicly accessible, request-driven distribution via the Internet. Among the distributed information is a choice of economic indices that combine an increasing array of traits into numbers reflecting breeding goals under different milk-pricing conditions. Considerable progress in genomics and the mapping of the bovine genome have identified markers for some deleterious recessive genes, but broader benefits of marker-assisted selection are still in the future. A possible exception is the proprietary use of DNA testing by semen producers to select among potential progeny test bulls. The collection and analysis of industry-wide data to evaluate genetic merit will continue to be the most important tool for genetic progress into the foreseeable future. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rpowell@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1337 EP 1348 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 021OG UT WOS:000235991900021 PM 16537965 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Upton, JE AF Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Upton, JE TI Beet leafhopper (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) transmits the Columbia basin potato purple top phytoplasma to potatoes, beets, and weeds SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circulifer tenellus; insect vector; BLTVA phytoplasma; potato purple top disease ID HOST PREFERENCE; VIRUS; WASHINGTON; VIRESCENCE; DISEASES; TOMATO; VECTOR; PLANTS; AGENT AB Experiments were conducted to determine whether the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), transmits the purple top phytoplasma to potato, Solanum tuberosum L.; beets, Beta vulgaris L.; and selected weed hosts. The beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma was identified as the causal agent of the potato purple top disease outbreaks that recently occurred in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon. The phytoplasma previously was found to be associated almost exclusively with the beet leafhopper, suggesting that this insect is the probable vector of BLTVA in this important potato-growing region. Eight potato cultivars, including 'Russet Burbank', 'Ranger Russet', 'Shepody', 'Umatilla Russet', 'Atlantic', 'FL-1879', 'FL-1867', and 'FL-1833', were exposed for a week to BLTVA-infected beet leafhoppers. After exposure, the plants were maintained outdoors in large cages and then tested for BLTVA by using polymerase chain reaction after 6 to 7 wk. The leafhoppers transmitted BLTVA to seven of the eight exposed potato cultivars. Sixty-four percent of the exposed plants tested positive for the phytoplasma. In addition, 81% of the BLTVA-infected potato plants developed distinct potato purple top disease symptoms. Beet leafhoppers also transmitted BLTVA to beets and several weeds, including groundsel, Senecio vulgaris L.; shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik); kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad; and Russian thistle, Salsola kali L. This is the first report of transmission of BLTVA to potatoes, beets, and the above-mentioned four weed species. Results of the current study prove that the beet leafhopper is a vector of the potato purple top disease. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800003 PM 16686123 ER PT J AU Oliver, JB Reding, ME Moyseenko, JJ Klein, MG Mannion, CM Bishop, B AF Oliver, JB Reding, ME Moyseenko, JJ Klein, MG Mannion, CM Bishop, B TI Survival of adult Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera : Tiphiidae) after insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide exposure in laboratory bioassays SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tiphia vernalis; fungicides; herbicides; insecticides; compatibility ID JAPANESE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; WHITE GRUBS COLEOPTERA; SCARABAEIDAE; TURFGRASS; TOXICITY; KENTUCKY; INVERTEBRATES; HALOFENOZIDE; MAINTENANCE; PERSISTENCE AB Tiphia vernalis Rohwer is a hymenopteran ectoparasitoid of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, larvae. The adult wasps feed on nectar or honeydew between mid-April and late June. Adults may contact pesticides when landing on foliage or when females hunt for grubs in the soil. The lethal effect of nursery, turf, and landscape pesticides was determined by exposing wasps to treated foliage in the laboratory. Pesticides tested at labeled rates were the insecticides bifenthrin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, halofenozide, and imidacloprid; the herbicides oryzalin, pendimethalin, and a combination product with 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop (multiherbicide); and the fungicides chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl. During 2001 and 2002, male and female T. vernalis were exposed to pesticides by using turf cores. For both years, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid treatments lowered adult survival relative to the control, but halofenozide had minimal effect on mortality of males and females. More males than females died after exposure to carbaryl treatments. Survival of females was not reduced by exposure to herbicides or fungicides. Females were apparently more tolerant of pesticides than males. Mortality of males in response to herbicides and fungicides was more variable than for females; in 2002 trials, male mortality was higher after exposure to multiherbicide, oryzalin, pendimethalin, and thiophanate-methyl than the control. The fungicide chlorothalonil did not increase mortality of males or females in either year. Sublethal effects were not evaluated. The study indicates the choice of pesticide may be important for conserving T. vernalis in nursery, landscape, and turf settings. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Oliver, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Grp, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800005 PM 16686125 ER PT J AU Ren, YL Wang, YJ Barak, AV Wang, X Liu, YS Dowsett, HA AF Ren, YL Wang, YJ Barak, AV Wang, X Liu, YS Dowsett, HA TI Toxicity of ethanedinitrile to Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; fumigant; ethanedinitrile; cyanogen; toxicity ID CYANOGEN AB The mortality of naked Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae exposed to ethanedinitrile (cyanogen; C2N2) Varied with temperature, time of exposure, and dose of ethanedinitrile. The concentration X time (Ct) product of ethanedinitrile over a range of temperatures (4.4, 10.1, 15.6, and 20.1 degrees C) decreased with increasing temperature, for both 3- and 6-h exposures. The Ct products varied with time of exposure at different temperatures. The variations in mortality at different temperatures are described with a slope ratio (Y = [slope](6h)/ [slope](3h)). At different temperatures, the concentration of ethanedinitrile and the duration of exposure play different roles in killing A. glabripennis larvae. These results suggest the control of A. glabripennis larvae within wood is achievable. C1 Anim & Plant Quarantine Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. Anim & Plant Quarantine, Tianjin, Peoples R China. RP Ren, YL (reprint author), CSIRO Entomol, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM yonglin.ren@csiro.au NR 12 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800007 PM 16686127 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Spurgeon, DW Suh, CPC AF Armstrong, JS Spurgeon, DW Suh, CPC TI Comparisons of standard and extended-life boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) pheromone lures SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; pheromone; trapping ID CONTROLLED RELEASE DISPENSERS; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; SEASONAL PATTERNS; TRAPS; CAPTURES; LINES; TEXAS AB The Southeastern Boll Weevil Eradication Program has proposed reducing maintenance program costs in eradicated zones by using an extended-life "superlure" in traps to detect populations of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. However, superlure effectiveness has not been extensively evaluated. We compared the superlure (30 mg of eugenol plus 25 mg of grandlure) to a standard lure (10 mg of grandlure) based on captures of weevils and changes in lure pheromone content. Lure treatments (standard and superlure, replaced biweekly or not replaced) were compared in 4-mo-long trapping periods. Captures of weevils did not generally reflect differences among lure treatments indicated by assays of lure contents. During the first 2 wk of exposure, amounts of pheromone released by the superlure were generally comparable with those of the standard lure, but pheromone composition was more stable. During the second 2 wk of exposure, the superlure usually released more pheromone than similarly aged standard lures, but less than half as much as the standard lure replaced biweekly. Based on numbers of captured weevils during the last 2 wk of an extended trapping period, the superlure performed similarly to the standard lure replaced biweekly. However, corresponding pheromone releases by the superlure were less than those by the standard lure replaced biweekly. This inconsistency suggests that numbers of captured weevils alone may be inadequate for evaluation of pheromone formulations. Our results suggest that better understanding of the consequences of reduced pheromone release during an extended trapping period is needed before adoption of the superlure can be recommended. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800009 PM 16686129 ER PT J AU Myers, CT Hull, LA Krawczyk, G AF Myers, CT Hull, LA Krawczyk, G TI Seasonal and cultivar-associated variation in oviposition preference of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) adults and feeding behavior of neonate larvae in apples SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oriental fruit moth; apple; oviposition preference; larval feeding behavior; population dynamics ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; OLETHREUTIDAE LARVAE; CODLING MOTH; MOLESTA; VOLATILES; MORTALITY AB The Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) has become a pest of tree fruits since its introduction to the United States in the early twentieth century. Oriental fruit moth has historically been a major pest problem in peach production, and outbreaks in commercial apple (Malus spp.) orchards in the eastern United States were rare until the late 1990s. Recent outbreaks in Mid-Atlantic apple orchards have lead researchers to investigate host-associated effects on oriental fruit moth biology, behavior, and population dynamics. Studies were designed to assess cultivar level effects in apples on oviposition and larval feeding behavior of oriental fruit moth. In a mixed cultivar apple orchard, total oriental fruit moth oviposition and oviposition site preferences varied between cultivars. These preferences also varied over time, when sampling was repeated at Various times of the growing season. Although most adult female oriental fruit moth preferentially oviposited in the calyx and stem areas of apple fruit, noticeable numbers of eggs also were laid on the sides of fruit, contradicting some previous reports. Oriental fruit moth females exhibited a strong ovipositional preference for fruit that were previously damaged by oriental fruit moth or codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). The majority of newly hatched oriental fruit moth larvae were observed to spend < 24 h on the surface of apple fruit before entry, and this behavior was observed on several apple cultivars. Neonate larvae exhibited a preference for entering fruit at either the stem or calyx ends, regardless of their initial site of placement. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate spray coverage and accurate timing of insecticide applications targeting oriental fruit moth. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. RP Myers, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. FU NIMHD NIH HHS [MD441838] NR 40 TC 20 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800012 PM 16686132 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Vandygriff, JC Cain, RJ Wakarchuk, D AF Hansen, EM Vandygriff, JC Cain, RJ Wakarchuk, D TI Comparison of naturally and synthetically baited spruce beetle trapping systems in the central rocky mountains SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromones; bark beetle management; funnel traps; semiochemicals ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS L; CACODYLIC ACID; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; TREES; MANAGEMENT; TRAPS; ATTRACTIVENESS; POPULATIONS AB We compared naturally baited trapping systems to synthetically baited funnel traps and fallen trap trees for suppressing preoutbreak spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, populations. Lures for the traps were fresh spruce (Picea spp.) bolts or bark sections, augmented by adding female spruce beetles to create secondary attraction. In 2003, we compared a naturally baited system ("bolt trap") with fallen trap trees and with synthetically baited funnel traps. Trap performance was evaluated by comparing total beetle captures and spillover of attacks into nearby host trees. Overall, the trap systems did not significantly differ in spruce beetle captures, although bolt traps caught 6 to 7 times more beetles than funnel traps during the first 4 wk of testing. Funnel traps with synthetic lures had significantly more spillover than either trap trees or bolt traps. The study was repeated in 2004 with modifications including an enhanced blend synthetic lure. Again, trap captures were generally similar among naturally and synthetically baited traps, but naturally baited traps had significantly less spillover. Although relatively labor-intensive, the bolt trap could be used to suppress preoutbreak beetle populations, especially when spillover is undesirable. Our work provides additional avenues for management of spruce beetles and suggests that currently used synthetic lures can be improved. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Synergy Semiochem Corp, Burnaby, BC V5J 5G3, Canada. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800015 PM 16686135 ER PT J AU Poland, TM Haack, RA Petrice, TR Miller, DL Bauer, LS Gao, RT AF Poland, TM Haack, RA Petrice, TR Miller, DL Bauer, LS Gao, RT TI Field evaluations of systemic insecticides for control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in China SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; imidacloprid; thiacloprid; azadirachtin; emamectin benzoate ID EMAMECTIN BENZOATE; AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; TOXICITY; RECEPTORS AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a pest native to China and Korea, was discovered in North America in 1996. Currently, the only reliable strategy available for eradication and control is to cut and chip all infested trees. We evaluated various doses of the systemic insecticides azadirachtin, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid for control of A. glabripennis in naturally infested elms (Ulmus spp.), poplars (Populus spp.), and willows (Salix spp.) in China between 2000 and 2002. Significantly more dead A. glabripennis adults were found beneath elm and poplar trees treated with imidacloprid (in 2000 and 2001) or thiacloprid (in 2001) and beneath willow trees injected with imidacloprid or thiacloprid (in 2002) compared with control trees. In 2000, 4 mo after injection, the density of live A. glabripennis was significantly reduced in poplar trees treated with imidacloprid (90%) and in willow trees treated with imidacloprid (83%) or emamectin benzoate (71%) compared with controls. In 2001, 9 mo after injection, the density of live A. glabripennis was significantly reduced in poplar (76%) and willow (45%) trees treated with imidacloprid compared with control trees. Similarly, percentage mortality of all life stages of A. glabripennis feeding within trees was significantly higher on poplar trees 4 mo after injection with imidacloprid (64%) in 2000 and on elms (55%) and poplars (63%) 9 mo after injection with imidacloprid in 2001 compared with control trees. Imidacloprid residue levels in leaves and twigs collected at various times from 1 d to 9 mo after injection ranged from 0.27 to 0.46 ppm. Injecting A. glabripennis-infested trees with imidacloprid can result in significant mortality of adults during maturation feeding on leaves and twigs and of all life stages feeding within infested trees. Imidacloprid is translocated rapidly in infested trees and is persistent at lethal levels for several months. Although, injection with imidacloprid does not provide complete control of A. glabripennis, systemic insecticides may prove useful as part of an integrated eradication or management program. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Rm 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 383 EP 392 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800016 PM 16686136 ER PT J AU DeGomez, TE Hayes, CJ Anhold, JA McMillin, JD Clancy, KM Bosu, PP AF DeGomez, TE Hayes, CJ Anhold, JA McMillin, JD Clancy, KM Bosu, PP TI Evaluation of insecticides for protecting southwestern ponderosa pines from attack by engraver beetles (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acephate; bifenthrin; carbaryl; dinotefuran; permethrin ID BARK BEETLES; IPS-PINI; CARBARYL; LECONTE; TREES; TESTS AB Insecticides that might protect pine trees from attack by engraver beetles (Ips spp.) have not been rigorously tested in the southwestern United States. We conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of several currently and potentially labeled preventative insecticides for protecting high-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws., from attack by engraver beetles. Preventative sprays (0.19% permethrin [Permethrin Plus C]; 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% bifenthrin [Onyx]; and 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl [Sevin SL] formulations) and systemic implants (0.875g per capsule acephate [Acecap] and 0.650 g per capsule dinotefuran) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) as a surrogate for live trees for a period of 13 mo posttreatment. The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), was the most common bark beetle found attacking control and treated bolts, but sixspined ips, Ips calligraphus (Germar), and Ips lecontei Swain also were present. After approximate to 13 mo posttreatment in one experiment, the spray treatments with 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 or 0.12% bifenthrin prevented Ips attack on the bolts at a protection level of >= 70%. The acephate and dinotefuran systemic insecticides, and the 0.03% bifenthrin spray, provided inadequate (<= 36%) protection in this experiment. For the other experiment, sprayed applications of 1.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06% bifenthrin prevented beetle attack at protection levels of >= 90, >= 80, and >= 70%, respectively, when bolts were exposed to Ips beetle attack for approximate to 9-15 wk posttreatment. The sprays with 0.19% permethrin and 0.06% bifenthrin also provided >= 90% protection when bolts were exposed for approximate to 15-54 wk posttreatment. We concluded that under the conditions tested, 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 and 0.12% binfenthrin were acceptable preventative treatments for protecting ponderosa pine from successful engraver beetle attack for one entire flight season in the U.S. Southwest. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Forest Serv Res & Dev, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP DeGomez, TE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800017 PM 16686137 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Kemp, WP Trostle, GE AF Bosch, J Kemp, WP Trostle, GE TI Bee population returns and cherry yields in an orchard pollinated with Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cherry pollination; Osmia lignaria; Apis mellifera; Prunus avium ID PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ALMOND ORCHARDS; APPLE ORCHARDS; EMERGENCE; TEMPERATURE AB During 1998-2003, we used populations of the solitary bee Osmia lignaria Say to pollinate a commercial sweet cherry orchard in northern Utah. Bee densities released each year ranged from 1290 to 1857 females/ha, with approximately twice as many mates. Female progeny produced each year were greater than parental populations released, except ill 2003, when nesting was poor due to bird predation. Despite poor weather during bloom, and in contrast to most other local producers, the study orchard produced harvestable crops in 1999 (2,964 kg/ha) and 2001 (3,154 kg/ha). In 1998 and 2000, record yields were obtained (10,625 and 12,096 kg/ha, respectively). Including only those years with harvestable crops, average production was 2.2 times higher in 1998-2003 (when O. lignaria populations were used) compared with 1992-1997 (when 10 Apis mellifera hives were used). This is the first study reporting multiyear cherry yields in an orchard pollinated with O. lignaria in North America. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Unitat Ecol, CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 408 EP 413 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800019 PM 16686139 ER PT J AU Mulrooney, JE Davis, MK Wagner, TL Ingram, RL AF Mulrooney, JE Davis, MK Wagner, TL Ingram, RL TI Persistence and efficacy of termiticides used in preconstruction treatments to soil in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE termiticide; residue; toxicity ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; CHLORPYRIFOS DEGRADATION; APPLICATION RATES; RHINOTERMITIDAE; EASTERN; INSECTICIDES; PENETRATION; SAND; THICKNESSES; MORTALITY AB Laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine the persistence and efficacy of termiticides used as preconstruction treatments against subterranean termites. Bifenthrin (0.067%), chlorpyrifos (0.75%), and imidacloprid (0.05%) ([AI]; wt:wt) were applied to soil beneath a monolithic concrete slab at their minimum labeled rates. Soil samples were taken from three depths (0-2.5, 2.6-7.6, and 7.7-15.2 cm) at six sampling times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 48 mo) from sites in Harrison and Oktibbeha counties in Mississippi. Residue analyses were conducted on the 0-2.5- and 2.6-7.5-cm depths, and bioassays were conducted using all three depths. In field studies, significant termiticide degradation occurred between sampling times 0 and 48 mo for all termiticides. At all sampling times, the top 2.5 cm of soil contained more termiticide than the other depths. Time to 50% dissipation of termiticide in the 0-2.5-cm depth was 9, 6, and 2 mo for bifentbrin, chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid, respectively. Termite mortalities in contact bioassays remained high for bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos throughout the 48-mo sampling period; however, mortality of termites exposed to imidacloprid-treated soil dropped after the initial sampling. Termites readily penetrated all termiticide-treated soil in bioassays of 52-min soil cores at 48 mo. Percentage of mortality in these bioassays was 15, 43, and 13 for bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid respectively. C1 US Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Chem Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 469 EP 475 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800029 PM 16686149 ER PT J AU Chen, J Allen, ML AF Chen, J Allen, ML TI Significance of digging behavior to mortality of red imported fire ant workers, Solenopsis invicta, in fipronil-treated sand SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digging behavior; mortality; fipronil; fire ant ID MOUND TREATMENTS; NEST EXCAVATION; BORIC-ACID; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; COLONIES; BAITS; HYDRAMETHYLNON; POLYGYNE; EFFICACY AB The effect of fipronil-treated sand on digging behavior and mortality of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, workers was examined in the laboratory. No-choice digging bioassays where fipronil-treated sand was the only available digging substrate were conducted on two colonies at fipronil concentrations of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 ppm. Workers dug into the fipronil-treated sand in all cases, even at 2.0 ppm level, which caused 100% mortality in acute toxicity tests for both colonies. At 1.5 and 2.0 ppm, workers from the less sensitive colony had significantly higher mortality than those from the more sensitive colony, which might be explained by the significantly higher digging activity of the less sensitive colony. In two-choice digging bioassays where untreated sand was also available, workers dug into the fipronil-treated sand in 29 of 30 cases, even at 10.0 ppm level. At 1.0 and 10.0 ppm, mortality was positively correlated to digging effort in treated sand; however, such correlation was significant only at 1.0 ppm level. This indicates that digging did affect mortality; however, such effect is concentration dependent. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800030 PM 16686150 ER PT J AU Caprio, MA Nowatzki, T Siegfried, B Meinke, LJ Wright, RJ Chandler, LD AF Caprio, MA Nowatzki, T Siegfried, B Meinke, LJ Wright, RJ Chandler, LD TI Assessing risk of resistance to aerial applications of methyl-parathion in western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insecticide resistance; corn rootworm; sensitivity analysis; parameter uncertainty; Diabrotica virgifera virgifiera ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOYBEAN FIELDS; NEBRASKA; SURVIVAL; EGGS; OVIPOSITION; TEMPERATURES; LONGEVITY AB We validated a stochastic model of the evolution of resistance to adulticidal sprays of methyl-parathion in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifiera virgifera LeConte, populations in Nebraska. The population dynamics predicted by the model resembled that reported for field populations, and time until control failures occurred closely matched reports by commercial crop consultants. We incorporated uncertainty about the values used for 18 model parameters by replacing default values with random draws taken from a normal distribution. One parameter, the initial resistance allele frequency, was no longer measurable because of the evolution of resistance. We therefore proposed five candidate initial allele frequencies and developed probability distributions for the time to resistance for each by running 1000 simulations with parameters randomly varied. These distributions included variation because of stochastic effects as well as parameter uncertainty. We used Bayesian inference to estimate the candidate frequency most likely, given reported times to field control failures. The initial allele frequency of 10(-4) was most likely (29%), 10(-3) was less likely (28%), whereas 10(-6) was relatively unlikely (5%). Results from sensitivity analysis depended upon how evolution of resistance was measured. When resistance was examined as a genetic phenomenon, the rate of increase of the resistance allele depended almost entirely on genetic factors (LC50 values), the characteristics of the pesticide (residual activity), and the variance associated with emergence of adults. When resistance was measured as failure of methyl-parathion to reduce populations below threshold levels (0.5 gravid females per plant), parameters that contributed to population growth rate (mortality and fecundity) were also important. These data suggest two important phases in resistance evolution in corn rootworms: a genetic phase associated with negative growth rates and rapid changes in resistance allele frequencies and a rebound phase associated with positive growth rates and near fixation of the resistance allele. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Caprio, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 483 EP 493 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800031 PM 16686151 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Quisenberry, SS AF Ni, XZ Quisenberry, SS TI Diuraphis noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera : Aphididae) interactions and their injury on resistant and susceptible cereal seedlings SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphid biomass; plant biomass; chlorosis ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; HOST-PLANT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INDUCED RESPONSES; HOMOPTERA; DAMAGE; GROWTH; HERBIVORES; BARLEY; ROOT AB Interspecific interactions between the symptomatic (chlorosis-eliciting) Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and the asymptomatic (nonchlorosis-eliciting) bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), on four cereal genotypes were examined by simultaneous infestations. Four cereals (i.e., Diuraphis noxia-susceptible 'Arapahoe' wheat and 'Morex' barley, and D. noxia-resistant 'Halt' wheat and 'Border' oat) and four infestations (i.e., control, D. noxia, R. padi, and D. noxia/R. padi) were used in the research. Whereas D. noxia biomass confirmed D. noxia resistance among the cereals, R. padi biomass indicated that the D. noxia-resistant cereals did not confer R. padi resistance. D. noxia biomass was significantly lower in D. noxia/R. padi infestation than that in D. noxia infestation on all cereals, except Border oat, which indicated an antagonistic effect of R. padi on D. noxia. All aphid infestations caused a significant plant biomass reduction in comparison with the control. In comparison with D. noxia infestation, D. noxia/R. padi caused a significant plant biomass reduction on all cereals, except Morex barley. Although D. noxia biomass in D. noxia/R. padi infestation was significantly less than that in D. noxia infestation, leaf chlorophyll reduction was the same between D. noxia/R. padi and D. noxia infestations, which suggested that the asymptomatic R. padi enhanced the D. noxia-elicited leaf chlorophyll loss. The regression between chlorophyll content and aphid biomass indicated that the asymptomatic R. padi in the D. noxia/R. padi infestation enhanced chlorophyll loss, but interspecific aphid interaction on plant biomass varied among the cereals. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Off Dean, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 551 EP 558 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800039 PM 16686159 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Pearson, TC Campbell, JF AF Toews, MD Pearson, TC Campbell, JF TI Imaging and automated detection of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) pupae in hard red winter wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect-damaged kernels; stored-product insects; sampling; internal infestation; computed tomography ID INTERNAL INSECT INFESTATION; INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY INSPECTION; URIC-ACID; GRAIN; KERNELS; WEEVIL; CONTAMINATION; LEVEL AB Computed tomography, an imaging technique commonly used for diagnosing internal human health ailments, uses multiple x-rays and sophisticated software to recreate a cross-sectional representation of a subject. The use of this technique to image hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum, L., samples infested with pupae of Sitaphilus oryzae (L.) was investigated. A software program was developed to rapidly recognize and quantify the infested kernels. Samples were imaged in a 7.6-cm (o.d.) plastic tube containing 0, 50, or 100 infested kernels per kg of wheat. Interkernel spaces were filled with corn oil so as to increase the contrast between voids inside kernels and voids among kernels. Automated image processing, using a custom C language software program, was conducted separately on each 100 g portion of the prepared samples. The average detection accuracy in the five infested kernels per 100-g samples was 94.4 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- SD, n = 10), whereas the average detection accuracy in the 10 infested kernels per 100-g sample was 87.3 +/- 7.9% (n = 10). Detection accuracy in the 10 infested kernels per 100-g samples was slightly less than the five infested kernels per 100-g samples because of some infested kernels overlapping with each other or air bubbles in the oil. A mean of 1.2 +/- 0.9 (n = 10) bubbles (per tube) was incorrectly classed as infested kernels in replicates containing no infested kernels. In light of these positive results, future studies should be conducted using additional grains, insect species, and life stages. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 583 EP 592 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032YW UT WOS:000236813800043 PM 16686163 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC AF Leskey, TC TI Visual cues and capture mechanisms associated with traps for plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculiondae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Conotrachelus nenuphar; plum curculio; weevil; trapping; monitoring; IPM ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; APPLE ORCHARDS; WEEVIL; TREES; MANAGEMENT; SCOLYTIDAE; ADULTS; COLOR AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), is a serious pest of stone and pome fruit in eastern North America, but an effective trap-based approach for monitoring this pest has not yet been developed. Therefore, the effectiveness of visual cues provided by pyramid and branch-mimicking cylinder traps and capture mechanisms of standard and enhanced pyramid traps (black pyramid traps with white borders and two collection devices), screen traps, standard and enhanced branch-mimicking cylinder traps (capture mechanism located at the base of the trap), Lindgren funnel and Vernon beetle traps were evaluated in 2003-2004. Pyramid traps captured more adults than branch-mimicking cylinder traps, and the greatest captures were in black and green pyramid traps. Enhanced pyramid traps did not capture more plum curculios than standard black pyramid traps. Capture mechanisms of standard masonite pyramid and screen traps were the most effective with significantly greater captures than other trap types. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tleskey@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 031PO UT WOS:000236716700001 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Granatstein, D Arthurs, SP Headrick, H Fritts, R AF Lacey, LA Granatstein, D Arthurs, SP Headrick, H Fritts, R TI Use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) in conjunction with mulches for control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematodes; codling moth; Cydia pomonella; Steinernema feltiae; Steinernema carpocapsae; mulch ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; NORTHWEST APPLE ORCHARDS; AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; FORAGING STRATEGY; INFECTED HOSTS; PERSISTENCE; GRANULOVIRUS; CARPOCAPSAE; INFECTIVITY; SUPPRESSION AB Mulches were compared to test their utility for enhancing efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) applied against over-wintering codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. Compared with bare ground, mulches may enhance control by providing cocooning sites for codling moth larvae and a substrate that is easy to treat, maintains moisture, and enhances nematode activity. Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) or S. feltiae (Filipjev) were applied at a rate of 2.5 x 10(9) infective juveniles (IJs)/ha against cocooned sentinel codling moth larvae in cardboard strips followed by 2 In of irrigation in plots that were covered with one of four mulches (clover, shredded paper, grass hay or wood chips) or to bare plots on 29 September 2003. Average mortalities of 97 and 98% were observed in paper-mulched plots treated with S. carpocapsae or S. feltiae Us, respectively, compared to 80 and 76% mortality in bare plots. Larvicidal activity for S. feltiae against sentinel larvae in cardboard strips that were placed in crevices in the soil was nearly identical in all mulched and bare plots (97-100% mortality), but reduced for S. carpocapsae in wood chip and clover plots (76-79% mortality) relative to paper, grass hay and bare plots (93-97% mortality). A significant portion of sentinel larvae (25 and 14%) that were placed in crevices in the soil in hay- and paper-mulched control plots revealed the natural presence of EPNs (Heterorhabditis sp.). Applications of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at a reduced rate of 10(9) IJs/ha on 20 April 2004, followed by 1 h of irrigation resulted in 13.1 and 7.4% reduction in sentinel larvae in bare plots compared to 36 and 62% in mulched plots, respectively. Applications of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at a rate of 2.5 x 10(9) IJs/ha on 21 September 2004 to bare and wood chip-mulched plots followed by 1 h of irrigation resulted in 21 and 65% reduction in sentinel larvae in bare plots compared to 93 and 85% in mulched plots, respectively. Residual larvicidal activity of EPNs 3 d after applications in treated plots was low, but significant in the nonmulched plots (12-17% mortality) relative to untreated controls (1-2% mortality). C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 107 EP 119 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 031PO UT WOS:000236716700002 ER PT J AU Thead, LG Streett, DA AF Thead, LG Streett, DA TI Duration of Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier (Diptera : Phoridae) pupal stages at reduced temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phorid; rearing; imported fire ant; cold storage; Solenopsis invicta ID FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PARASITOIDS; MISSISSIPPI; BEHAVIOR AB Duration times were determined for Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier pupae subjected to various temperature regimes. Pupae that had initially developed 12-15 d in parasitized fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, workers held at similar to 27 degrees C were collected and subsequently held at different temperature regimes. Pupae exposed to a temperature of 26.7 degrees C had the earliest peak fly emergence 15 d later. Pupae exposed to a lower temperature of 18.3 degrees C for 12 or 19 d and then exposed to a temperature of 26.7 degrees C required an additional 7 and 11 d to peak fly emergence, respectively. At 18.3 degrees C peak fly emergence was delayed an additional 20 d. At 10 degrees C for 12 or 19 d followed by 26.7 degrees C, peak fly emergence was delayed an additional 12 and 18 d, respectively. Holding pupae at 10 degrees C for 54 d followed by 26.7 degrees C delayed peak fly emergence by an additional 51 d with a correspondingly high mortality. Fly survival rates tended to decrease as peak emergence was delayed. Models that predict fly emergence when pupae are held at reduced temperatures will prove useful in rearing programs where extended storage of phorid fly pupae is necessary for optimizing releases. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thead, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM LarryT@mdac.state.ms.us NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 031PO UT WOS:000236716700003 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, PG TI Effect of selected insecticides on the leaffooted bug (Hemiptera : Coreidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Leptoglossus phyllopus; residual toxicity; oral toxicity C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 184 EP 186 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 031PO UT WOS:000236716700010 ER PT J AU Balmer, Y Vensel, WH DuPont, FM Buchanan, BB Hurkman, WJ AF Balmer, Y Vensel, WH DuPont, FM Buchanan, BB Hurkman, WJ TI Proteome of amyloplasts isolated from developing wheat endosperm presents evidence of broad metabolic capability SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Plant Proteomics held at the Annual Meeting of theSoceity-for-Experimental-Biology CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Soc Expt Biol HO Univ Autonoma Barcelona DE amyloplast proteins; amyloplast proteome; dithiothreitol; endosperm; Global Proteome Machine; GPM; isolated amyloplasts; membranes; wheat ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STARCH SYNTHESIS; PLANTS; PROTEINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPLASTS; ARABIDOPSIS; PLASTIDS; PATHWAY; IMPORT AB By contrast to chloroplasts, our knowledge of amyloplasts-organelles that synthesize and store starch in heterotrophic plant tissues-is in a formative stage. While our understanding of what is considered their primary function, i.e. the biosynthesis and degradation of starch, has increased dramatically in recent years, relatively little is known about other biochemical processes taking place in these organelles. To help fill this gap, a proteomic analysis of amyloplasts isolated from the starchy endosperm of wheat seeds (10 d post-anthesis) has been conducted. The study has led to the identification of 289 proteins that function in a range of processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, cytoskeleton/plastid division, energetics, nitrogen and sulphur metabolism, nucleic acid-related reactions, synthesis of various building blocks, protein-related reactions, transport, signalling, stress, and a variety of other activities grouped under 'miscellaneous'. The function of 12% of the proteins was unknown. The results highlight the role of the amyloplast as a starch-storing organelle that fulfills a spectrum of biosynthetic needs of the parent tissue. When compared with a recent proteomic analysis of whole endosperm, the current study demonstrates the advantage of using isolated organelles in proteomic studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Buchanan, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM view@nature.berkeley.edu OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 37 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2006 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1591 EP 1602 DI 10.1093/jxb/erj156 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035KY UT WOS:000237001100015 PM 16595579 ER PT J AU Overturf, K LaPatra, S AF Overturf, K LaPatra, S TI Quantitative expression (Walbaum) of immunological factors in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), after infection with either Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Aeromonas salmonicida, or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; immunological factors; quantitative expression; rainbow trout; real-time polymerase chain reaction; virus ID SALAR L. PARR; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MX EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; FISH; THYMOCYTES; LEUKOCYTES; RESPONSES AB To further enhance our understanding of immunological gene expression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after infection with naturally occurring pathogens, a series of probes and primers were developed for the quantification of immune factors. Separate groups of specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout were infected with either Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Aeromonas salmonicida or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Three different concentrations of each pathogen were used and samples from infected and mock-infected fish were taken at either 1 or 5 days after infection. Ten fish were sampled at each time point for individual sections of liver, spleen and head kidney. Organ specimens from five of the fish were used to re-isolate and quantify the pathogen at the time the samples were taken. Total RNA was extracted from the organs of the remaining five animals. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent-labelled probes, the RNA from these organs was examined for the level of expression of the following immunological factors; an interferon related protein (MX-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), the cytotoxic T-cell marker CD-8 and complement factor C3 (C3). They were also measured for the level of beta-actin, which was used as a standardization control for cellular RNA expression. Infection with IHNV produced the greatest change in expression level for all the immunological related factors examined in this study. IHNV elicited the best dose response profile, which was typically seen at 5-days post-infection for MX-1, C3, IL-8 and CD-8. Infection with A. salmonicida and F. psychrophilum showed elevated, but variable expression levels for several of the genes tested. C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM kennetho@uidaho.edu NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00707.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 031QH UT WOS:000236718600003 PM 16635061 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Apoptosis in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is associated with expression of the Fas receptor of theronts SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; channel catfish; cutaneous antibody; Fas; FasL; Ichthyophthirius ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CHANNEL CATFISH; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; BLASTOCYSTIS-HOMINIS; CUTANEOUS ANTIBODIES; LIGAND; LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION; IMMUNE AB The expression of type I membrane Fas receptors on the surface of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) theronts and the possible association between Fas expression and theront apoptosis induced by the immune antibody was examined. Fas receptors were detected on the theront surface using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody against Fas. Fas-positive theronts significantly increased with time during in vitro incubation and with increasing theront concentration. Furthermore, the immune cutaneous antibody induced theront apoptosis; however, Fas ligand did not. A highly significant correlation was noted between theront Fas expression and immune cutaneous antibody-induced theront apoptosis. Numbers of apoptotic theronts increased with increasing number of Fas-positive theronts. The data indicated that theront apoptosis induced by immune cutaneous antibody appears to be positively correlated with the expression of Fas on the surface of Ich theronts. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM dxu@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00709.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 031QH UT WOS:000236718600004 PM 16635062 ER PT J AU Watanabe, T Akiyama, H Maleki, S Yamakawa, H Iijima, K Yamazaki, F Matsumoto, T Futo, S Arakawa, F Watai, M Maitani, T AF Watanabe, T Akiyama, H Maleki, S Yamakawa, H Iijima, K Yamazaki, F Matsumoto, T Futo, S Arakawa, F Watai, M Maitani, T TI A specific qualitative detection method for peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in foods using polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED MAIZE; RECOMBINANT-DNA; SANDWICH-ELISA; ALLERGY; POTATO; TIME; PCR AB A qualitative method for detection of peanuts in foods using polymerase chain reaction was developed. A universal primer pair CP 03-5'/CP 03-3' was designed to confirm the validity of the DNAs for PCR. The plant-specific amplified fragments were detected from 13 kinds of plants using the universal primer pair. In addition, for the specific detection of peanuts with high sensitivity, the primer pair agg 04-5'/agg 05-3' was designed to detect the gene encoding the peanut agglutinin precursor. The primer pair specifically generates a 95-bp amplified fragment from peanut genomic DNA. Five hundred femto grams of peanut genomic DNA can be detected using the established method. The same qualitative results were obtained from both model processed and nonprocessed food samples containing 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% of peanut. Moreover, it was shown that the trace amount of peanut in the commercial food products could be qualitatively detected using this method. The reproducibility and applicability of the proposed methods were verified in a six-laboratory collaborative study. C1 Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Foods, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Nisshin Seifun Grp Inc, Fujimino, Saitama 3568511, Japan. Morinaga Co Ltd, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2308504, Japan. Nippon Meat Packers Inc, Ctr Res & Dev, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3002646, Japan. FASMAC Co Ltd, Kanagawa 2430041, Japan. San Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka 5618588, Japan. Japan Food Res Labs, Tama Labs, Tama Ku, Tokyo 2060025, Japan. RP Watanabe, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Foods, Setagaya Ku, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. EM tawata@nihs.go.jp NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 215 EP 233 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2006.00056.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 020UQ UT WOS:000235938500007 ER PT J AU Fett, WF AF Fett, WF TI Inhibition of Salmonella enterica by plant-associated pseudomonads in vitro and on sprouting alfalfa seed SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BLACK ROOT-ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; FRESH PRODUCE AB Foodborne illness due to the consumption of contaminated raw or lightly cooked sprouts is a continuing food safety concern. In this study, we tested several plant-associated pseudomonads for their ability to inhibit the growth of Salmonella enterica both in vitro and in situ. An agar spot bioassay method was used with three different media. Only Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 produced clear zones of inhibition when tested against five serovars of S. enterica, and activity was dependent on media type and serovar. The antibiosis by derivative strains of P. fluorescens 2-79 defective in the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fluorescent siderophore was not reduced, indicating that these known antimicrobial metabolites were not responsible for the inhibition observed in our studies. However, mutants defective in the regulatory gene gacS (global antibiotic and cyanide control) were severely reduced in inhibitory activity. In tryptic soy broth, the control cultures of a cocktail of S. enterica strains reached approximately 10 log CFU/ml by 24 h but, when comoculated with A fluorescens 2-79, reached only approximately 5 log CFU/ml. The addition of P. fluorescens 2-79 to the seed soak water prior to the germination of alfalfa seed previously inoculated with a cocktail of S. enterica strains led to an average reduction of 5 log CFU/g at 6 days of sprouting without an adverse effect on sprout yield or appearance. Time course studies indicated that S. enterica outgrowth was controlled on days 1 through 6 of sprouting. Competitive exclusion as a potential food safety intervention for seed sprouts merits further study. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wfett@arserrc.gov NR 56 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 719 EP 728 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 034JS UT WOS:000236925900002 PM 16629011 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, K Mytle, N Lambert, S Coleman, M Doyle, MP Smith, MA AF Takeuchi, K Mytle, N Lambert, S Coleman, M Doyle, MP Smith, MA TI Comparison of Listeria monocytogenes virulence in a mouse model SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MICE; PATHOGENICITY; FOOD; INOCULATION; IMMUNITY; INNOCUA AB Listeriosis results from exposure to the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Although many different strains of L monocytogenes are isolated from food, no definitive tests currently predict which isolates are most virulent. The objectives of this study were to address two major data gaps for risk assessors, variability among L monocytogenes strains in pathogenicity and virulence. Strains used in our monkey clinical trial or additional food isolates were evaluated for their virulence and infectivity in mice. All strains were equally pathogenic to immunocompromised mice, causing deaths to 50% of the population 3 days after exposure to doses ranging from 2 to 3 log CFU. Doses resulting in 50% deaths on the fifth day after administration were I to 2 log lower than those on the third day, indicating that the full course of pathogenicity exceeds the 3-day endpoint in immunocompromised mice. Three strains were chosen for further testing for their virulence and infectivity in liver and spleen in normal (immunocompetent) mice. Virulence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the three strains, all resulting in deaths to 50% of mice at 5 to 7 log CFU by 5 days after administration. All strains were equally infective in liver or spleen, with higher numbers of L monocytogenes directly correlated with higher doses of administration. In addition, there was no preference of organs by any strains. The lack of strain differences may reflect the limitation of the mouse model and suggests the importance of using various models to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of L. monocytogenes strains. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM masmith@uga.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 842 EP 846 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 034JS UT WOS:000236925900018 PM 16629027 ER PT J AU Johansen, KA Hugen, EE Payeur, JB AF Johansen, KA Hugen, EE Payeur, JB TI Growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in the presence of hexadecylpyridinium chloride, natamycin, and vancomycin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE FECAL SPECIMENS; JOHNES-DISEASE; CULTURE; FECES; HERDS; ELISA; CULTIVATION; SENSITIVITY; SAMPLES; SYSTEM AB A design-of-experiments approach was used to examine the effect of hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HPC), alone or in combination with the antibiotics vancomycin and natamycin, on the growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). At concentrations above 74.4 mu g/ml, HPC had a highly significant detrimental effect on the growth of MAP, whereas natamycin at 10.8 and 21.6 mu g/ml and vancomycin at 5.2 and 10.4 mu g/ml did not have such an effect. Titration of the amount of HPC tolerated by MAP indicated that growth can occur in the presence of 24.8 mu g/ml or lower. Processing of bovine fecal specimens indicated that reducing the concentration of HPC from 32.22 to 1.07 mg/ml during decontamination may improve detection when cultures are grown on solid medium but not when cultures are grown in liquid medium. Further investigation into optimizing HPC concentration during processing of fecal samples is warranted. Natamycin, in conjunction with vancomycin, may be useful for controlling fungal contamination during isolation of MAP from fecal samples. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Johansen, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Off Intellectual Property & Technol Transfer, Lab Mech 310, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kajohans@iastate.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 878 EP 883 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 034JS UT WOS:000236925900024 PM 16629033 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Annous, BA Sokorai, KJB Burke, A Mattheis, JP AF Fan, XT Annous, BA Sokorai, KJB Burke, A Mattheis, JP TI Combination of hot-water surface pasteurization of whole fruit and low-dose gamma irradiation of fresh-cut cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IONIZING-RADIATION; NATIVE MICROFLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ICEBERG LETTUCE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CHLORINATED WATER; SENSORY QUALITY; HEAT-TREATMENT; SHELF-LIFE; WARM AB Improvements in methods for disinfecting fresh-cut cantaloupe could reduce spoilage losses and reduce the risk of food-borne illness from human pathogen contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using hotwater treatment in combination with low-dose irradiation to reduce native microbial populations while maintaining the quality of fresh-cut cantaloupe. Whole cantaloupes were washed in tap water at 20 or 76 degrees C for 3 min. Fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes, prepared from the washed fruit, were then packaged in clamshell containers, and half the samples were exposed to 0.5 kGy of gamma radiation. Native microflora populations and sensory qualities were evaluated during the subsequent 7 days of storage at 4 degrees C. The hot-water surface pasteurization reduced the microflora population by 3.3 log on the surface of whole fruits, resulting in a lower microbial load on the fresh-cut cubes compared with cubes cut from fruit treated with cold water. Irradiation of cubes prepared from untreated fruit to an absorbed dose of 0.5 kGy achieved a low microbial load similar to that of cubes prepared from hot-water-treated fruit. The combination of the two treatments was able to further reduce the microflora population. During storage, the headspace atmosphere of the packages was not significantly influenced by any of the treatments. Color, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, firmness, and drip loss were not consistently affected by treatment with irradiation, hot water, or the combination of the two. Cubes prepared from hot-water-treated whole fruit had slightly lower soluble solids content. The combination of hot-water pasteurization of whole cantaloupe and low-dose irradiation of packaged fresh-cut melon can reduce the population of native microflora while maintaining the quality of this product. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 e Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 912 EP 919 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 034JS UT WOS:000236925900029 PM 16629038 ER PT J AU Dangaran, KL Renner-Nantz, J Krochta, JM AF Dangaran, KL Renner-Nantz, J Krochta, JM TI Whey protein-sucrose coating gloss and integrity stabilization by crystallization inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whey protein; sucrose; crystallization; gloss; edible coatings ID BARRIER PROPERTIES; EDIBLE FILMS; AMORPHOUS SUCROSE; WATER-VAPOR; PERMEABILITY; STABILITY; CHOCOLATE; STORAGE; SURFACE AB Whey protein coatings protect foods from change and deterioration and can extend product shelf life. However, because they are also made from food materials, whey protein coatings may also change over time if not properly formulated. Whey protein isolate (WPI)-sucrose high-gloss coatings, with and without crystallization inhibitors, were formed on chocolate-covered peanuts. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of crystallization inhibitors on preventing cracking of coatings and loss of coating gloss caused by sucrose crystallization during product storage. The 4 inhibitors tested were lactose, modified starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and raffinose. The WPI-coated chocolate-covered peanuts were stored for 119 d in 23%, 33%, and 44% relative humidity (RH) at 25 degrees C. Gloss of the WPI coatings was measured periodically with a gloss-analysis system. It was found that raffinose is the most effective inhibitor of sucrose crystallization in whey protein-sucrose coatings. WPI coatings containing raffinose had significantly higher gloss values than all other coatings. For raffinose-containing samples stored in 23% and 33% RH environments, less than 3% of gloss was lost during storage. In 44% RH, the raffinose coating system had significantly less gloss fade than other WPI-sucrose coatings. This information can be used to improve the effectiveness of water-based high-gloss edible coatings. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Krochta, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmkrochta@ucdavis.edu RI Dangaran, Kirsten/A-7947-2013 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP E152 EP E157 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 040HI UT WOS:000237369200026 ER PT J AU Poland, TM McCullough, DG AF Poland, TM McCullough, DG TI Emerald ash borer: Invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America's ash resource SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus sp.; Froxinus; invasive pest; quarantine ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; BUPRESTIDAE; HISTORY; TREES AB The emerald ash borer (EAB), a phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia, was discovered killing ash trees in southeastern Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, in 2002. Like several other invasive forest pests, the EAB likely was introduced and became established in a highly urbanized setting, facilitated by international trade and abundant hosts. Up to 15 million ash trees in urban and forested settings have been killed by the EAB. Quarantines in the United States and Canada restrict the movement of ash trees, logs, and firewood to prevent new introductions. Research studies are underway to assist managers leading eradication and containment efforts. Long-term efforts will be needed to protect ash in urban and forested settings across North America. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,220 Nisbet Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM tpoland@fs.fed.us; mccullo6@msu.edu NR 57 TC 352 Z9 401 U1 33 U2 237 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2006 VL 104 IS 3 BP 118 EP 124 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042PJ UT WOS:000237540400003 ER PT J AU Tynon, JF Chavez, DJ AF Tynon, JF Chavez, DJ TI Crime in national forests: A call for research SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE crime; low enforcement; national forests; recreation research methods; violence; visitor safety ID ENFORCEMENT; TOURISM; LEISURE AB The aim of this article is to explain ' why research focusing on crime and violence on national forests is necessary and overdue. Four questions are offered to frame future research. First, how much crime is occurring on national forests, and how (an the effects of crime and violence best be measured? Second, how is crime spatially distributed across national forests? Third, what actions are effective in mitigating crime in a recreation setting and what should we adopt for a successful crime-stopping arsenal? Finally, how do crime and violence affect recreation behavior and decisionmaking? C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USAD Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Tynon, JF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, 107 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jo.Tynon@oregonstate.edu; dchavez@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2006 VL 104 IS 3 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042PJ UT WOS:000237540400009 ER PT J AU Alverson, J O'Rourke, KI Baszler, TV AF Alverson, J O'Rourke, KI Baszler, TV TI PrPSc accumulation in fetal cotyledons of scrapie-resistant lambs is influenced by fetus location in the uterus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABNORMAL PRION PROTEIN; NATURAL SCRAPIE; INFECTED SHEEP; BRITISH SHEEP; GENE; ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSMISSION AB Placentae from scrapie-infected ewes have been shown to accumulate PrPSc when the genotype of the fetus is of a susceptible genotype (VRO/VRQ, ARQ/VRQ or ARQ/ARQ). Cotyledons from fetuses of genotypes ARR/ARR, ARQ/ARR and ARQ/VRR have previously been shown to be resistant to PrPSc accumulation. By using ewes from a naturally infected scrapie flock, cotyledons from fetuses of multiple births of different genotypes were examined. PrPSc was detected in fetal cotyledons of genotype ARQ/ARQ, but not in cotyledons from their dizygotic twin of genotype ARQ/ARR. This confirms earlier reports of single fetuses of these genotypes, but is the first description of such a finding in twin fetuses, one of each genotype. It is also demonstrated that cotyledons from sibling fetuses of genotypes ARQ/VRQ and ARQ/ARQ have different patterns of PrPSc accumulation depending on whether the dam is of genotype ARQ/ARQ or ARQ/VRQ. Lastly, it is shown that cotyledons from fetuses with resistant genotypes are weakly positive for PrPSc when they have shared the same pregnant uterine horn with a fetus of a susceptible genotype with cotyledons positive for the detection of PrPSc. Additionally, a PCR product for the Sry gene, a product specific to males, was found in cotyledons from female fetuses that had shared a uterine horn with a male fetus. This indicates that some sharing of fetal blood occurs between placentomes; and fetuses residing in the same uterine horn, which can result in PrPSc accumulation in cotyledons with resistant genotypes. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Alverson, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM janeta@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81418-0 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 027WK UT WOS:000236446400035 PM 16528055 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Elder, K AF Liston, GE Elder, K TI A meteorological distribution system for high-resolution terrestrial modeling (MicroMet) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; SNOW-TRANSPORT MODEL; OROGRAPHIC-PRECIPITATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; ARCTIC ALASKA; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; REGION; PARAMETERIZATION; WATERSHEDS AB An intermediate-complexity, quasi-physically based. meteorological model (MicroMet) has been developed to produce high-resolution (e.g., 30-m to 1-km horizontal grid increment) atmospheric forcings required to run spatially distributed terrestrial models over a wide variety of landscapes. The following eight variables, required to run most terrestrial models, are distributed: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, incoming solar radiation, incoming longwave radiation, surface pressure, and precipitation. To produce these distributions, MicroMet assumes that at least one value of each of the following meteorological variables are available for each time step, somewhere within, or near, the simulation domain: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. These variables are collected at most meteorological stations. For the incoming solar and longwave radiation, and surface pressure, either MicroMet can use its submodels to generate these fields, or it can create the distributions from observations as part of a data assimilation procedure. MicroMet includes a preprocessor component that analyzes meteorological data, then identifies and corrects potential deficiencies. Since providing temporally and spatially continuous atmospheric forcing data for terrestrial models is a core objective of MicroMet, the preprocessor also fills in any missing data segments with realistic values. Data filling is achieved by employing a variety of procedures, including an autoregressive integrated moving average calculation for diurnally varying variables (e.g., air temperature). To create the distributed atmospheric fields. spatial interpolations are performed using the Barnes objective analysis scheme, and subsequent corrections are made to the interpolated fields using known temperature-elevation, wind-topography, humidity-cloudiness, and radiation-cloud-topography relationships. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM liston@cira.colostate.edu NR 52 TC 193 Z9 201 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 BP 217 EP 234 DI 10.1175/JHM486.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 040OF UT WOS:000237388400001 ER PT J AU Deems, JS Fassnacht, SR Elder, KJ AF Deems, JS Fassnacht, SR Elder, KJ TI Fractal distribution of snow depth from lidar data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRAIN-BASED PARAMETERS; LASER ALTIMETRY DATA; ALPINE CATCHMENT; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; SELF-SIMILARITY; COVER PATTERNS; MODEL; ACCUMULATION; DIMENSIONS; SNOWCOVER AB Snowpack properties vary dramatically over a wide range of spatial scales, from crystal microstructure to regional snow climates. The driving forces of wind, energy balance, and precipitation interact with topography and vegetation to dominate snow depth variability at horizontal scales from 1 to 1000 m. This study uses land surface elevation, vegetation surface elevation, and snow depth data measured using airborne lidar at three sites in north-central Colorado. Fractal dimensions are estimated from the slope of a log-transformed variogram and demonstrate scale-invariant, fractal behavior in the elevation, vegetation, and snow depth datasets. Snow depth and vegetation topography each show two distinct fractal distributions over different scale ranges (multifractal behavior), with short-range fractal dimensions near 2.5 and long-range fractal dimensions around 2.9 at all locations. These fractal ranges are separated by a scale break at 15-40 m, depending on the site, which indicates a process change at that scale. Terrain has a fractal distribution over nearly the entire range of scales available in the data. Directional differences in the fractal dimensions for each parameter are also present at multiple scales, and are related to the wind direction frequency distributions at each site. The results indicate that different sampling resolutions may yield different results and allow rescaling in specific scale ranges. Resolutions of 10 m and finer are consistently self-similar, as are resolutions greater than 30 m, though the coarser resolutions show nearly random distributions. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Deems, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM deems@cnr.colostate.edu RI Fassnacht, Steven/A-7742-2014; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Fassnacht, Steven/0000-0002-5270-8049; Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 NR 51 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1175/JHM487.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 040OF UT WOS:000237388400005 ER PT J AU Anthony, RM Urban, JF Alem, FA Hamed, HA Rozo, C Boucher, JL Van Rooijen, N Gause, WC AF Anthony, Robert M. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Alem, Farhang A. Hamed, Hosein A. Rozo, Cristina Boucher, Jean-Luc Van Rooijen, Nico Gause, William C. TI Memory Th2 cells at the host : parasite interface induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against a nematode parasite. SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. USDA, ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Paris 05, Lab Chim & Biochim, Paris, France. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Fac Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S69 EP S69 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837100318 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Jones, E Vangimalla, V Solano-Aguilar, G Urban, J AF Dawson, Harry D. Jones, Eudora Vangimalla, Vandana Solano-Aguilar, Gloria Urban, Joseph TI Functional characterization of TSLP and CCR3 and CCR4 ligand gene expression in swine. SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S15 EP S15 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837100070 ER PT J AU Liu, ZG Pesce, JT Hamed, H Alem, F Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, Zhugong Pesce, John T. Hamed, Hossein Alem, Farhang Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Gause, William C. TI Presence and function of Gr-1 bright neutrophils during the initiation of Th2 response induced by N. brasiliensis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. NIAID, NIH, Immunopathol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S67 EP S67 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837100309 ER PT J AU Marko, MG Bunnell, SC Huber, BT Nikbi-Meydani, S AF Marko, Melissa G. Bunnell, Stephen C. Huber, Brigitte T. Nikbi-Meydani, Simin TI Vitamin E (E) supplementation reverses the age associated decline in phosphorylation of the adaptor protein LAT in CD4(+) T cells from old mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S176 EP S176 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837101310 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Stephensen, CB AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. Stephensen, Charles B. TI Inhibition of type I autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by diets rich in polyphenols and vitamin A SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S133 EP S133 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837101114 ER PT J AU Vinkey, RS Schwartz, MK McKelvey, KS Foresman, KR Pilgrim, KL Giddings, BJ LoFroth, EC AF Vinkey, RS Schwartz, MK McKelvey, KS Foresman, KR Pilgrim, KL Giddings, BJ LoFroth, EC TI When reintroductions are augmentations: The genetic legacy of fishers (Martes pennanti) in Montana SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentation; control region; Cytb; fisher; genetics; mitochondrial DNA; reintroduction; translocation; Martes pennanti; Montana ID DNA; CONSERVATION; AMPLIFICATION; RESTRICTION; POPULATIONS; DISTANCES; VARIANCE AB Fishers (Martes pennanti) were purportedly extirpated from Montana by 1930 and extant populations are assumed to be descended from translocated fishers. To determine the lineage of fisher populations, we sequenced 2 regions of the mitochondrial DNA genome from 207 tissue samples from British Columbia, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Montana. In northwestern Montana, fishers share haplotypes with samples from the upper Midwest and British Columbia; in west-central Montana, we detected haplotypes found in British Columbia samples, but also detected a control region and cytochrome-b haplotype not found in source populations. Based on the unique haplotypes found in west-central Montana, we propose that individuals with these haplotypes are descended from a relic population. Fishers in northwestern Montana are likely descended from fishers from the Midwest and British Columbia. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Minist Water Land & Air Protect, Victoria, BC V8W 9M1, Canada. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Vinkey, RS (reprint author), Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, 1115 W 4th St, Anaconda, MT 59711 USA. EM rvinkey@mt.gov RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-151R1.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 037DB UT WOS:000237125800009 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF Kistler, KD Begley, JS AF Lehmkuhl, JF Kistler, KD Begley, JS TI Bushy-tailed woodrat abundance in dry forests of eastern Washington SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bushy-tailed woodrat; Cascade Range; density; dry forest; fuel management; Neotoma cinerea; survival; Washington ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; FLYING SQUIRRELS; HOME-RANGE; POPULATIONS; CAPTURE; HABITAT; OREGON; SLOPE; DYNAMICS AB We studied bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea occidentalis) in the eastern Washington Cascade Range to estimate their density and survival in 3 typical dry forest cover types. We predicted woodrat density to be high, moderate, and low in mature mixed-conifer forests, young mixed-conifer forests, and open ponderosa pine forests, respectively. We livetrapped on 8 x 8 grids (280 m) over an 8-day period each autumn for 4 years to obtain Huggins mark-recapture estimates of woodrat density. We captured woodrats 617 times and marked 193 individual woodrats in 12 sample stands during 42,165 trap nights. The sex ratio of captures was 62% female and 38% male. Adults made up 79% of captures. Woodrat density averaged 0.49 animals/ha among all cover types and years; woodrat density did not differ among types. Regardless of cover type, stands fell into 4 woodrat-density groups, with densities ranging from 0.13 to 0.93 woodrats/ha. Classification tree analysis revealed that woodrat-density groups could be predicted well (proportional reduction in error = 0.73 to 0.89) by the type and amount of cover provided by large snags, mistletoe brooms, and soft downed logs. Over the 4-year period, woodrat density ranged from 0.28 animals/ha to 0.87 animals/ha, increasing each year at a rate of lambda = 1.8 consistently among cover types. A moderate (r = 0.55) density-dependent response in per capita rate of increase was detected. The apparent annual survival rate was a low 0.14. Management to reduce woody fuels and to restore low-intensity high-frequency fire regimes in ponderosa pine and dry Douglas-fir forest likely will reduce bushy-tailed woodrat populations unless prescriptions can mitigate the loss of snag, mistletoe, and downed log cover. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM jlehmkuhl@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-053R1.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 037DB UT WOS:000237125800023 ER PT J AU Coppeto, SA Kelt, DA Van Vuren, DH Wilson, JA Bigelow, S AF Coppeto, SA Kelt, DA Van Vuren, DH Wilson, JA Bigelow, S TI Habitat associations of small mammals at two spatial scales in the northern Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE California; canonical correspondence analysis; coniferous forests; macrohabitat; microhabitat; Sierra Nevada; small mammals; spatial scale ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; FIR FORESTS; MANAGED FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; MICROHABITAT AFFINITIES; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ECOLOGICAL SCALE AB Effective management strategies require an understanding of the spatial scale at which fauna use their habitat. Toward this end, we sampled small mammals in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, over 2 years at 18 livetrapping grids among 5 forest types. Forest types were defined by overstory tree composition, and 19 microhabitat variables were measured at all trap stations. Forest type and year explained 93% of variation in abundance of North American deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus), whereas only 40% was explained by microhabitat and year. Similarly, variation in abundance of long-eared and shadow chipmunks (Neotamias quadrimaculatus and N. senex) was better explained by forest type and year (67%) than by microhabitat and year (30%). Red fir (Abies magnifica) forests supported more P. maniculatus and Neotamias species than mixed-conifer and pine-cedar forests, and more Neotamias species than mixed-fir forests. Five of 6 uncommon species were significantly associated with forest type; golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), and long-tailed and montane voles (Microtus longicaudus and M. montanus) were captured almost exclusively in red fir forests, whereas dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) and California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were found in pine-cedar, mixed-fir, and mixed-conifer forests. The first 2 axes of a canonical correspondence analysis on microhabitat variables explained 71% of variation in combined small mammal abundance. Microhabitat associations varied among species but were driven primarily by canopy openness, shrub cover, and shrub richness. Although much of the small mammal fauna appeared to select habitat at both spatial scales studied, canonical correspondence analysis using forest type as a covariate revealed that microhabitat explained much less variation in small mammal abundance than did forest type. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coppeto, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sacoppeto@ucdavis.edu NR 77 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 25 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 402 EP 413 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-086R1.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 037DB UT WOS:000237125800027 ER PT J AU Yang, CY Mills, D Mathee, K Wang, Y Jayachandran, K Sikaroodi, M Gillevet, P Entry, J Narashimhan, G AF Yang, CY Mills, D Mathee, K Wang, Y Jayachandran, K Sikaroodi, M Gillevet, P Entry, J Narashimhan, G TI An ecoinformatics tool for microbial community studies: Supervised classification of Amplicon Length Heterogeneity (ALH) profiles of 16S rRNA SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ecoinformatics; supervised classification; machine learning; amplicon length heterogeneity; ecosystem community patterns; support vector machines ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; DIVERSITY; SOILS; DNA; PCR; ENVIRONMENTS; PHYLOGENY AB Support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) are two computational machine learning tools that perform supervised classification. This paper presents a novel application of such supervised analytical tools for microbial Community profiling and to distinguish patterning among ecosystems. Amplicon length heterogeneity (ALH) profiles from several hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene of cubacterial communities from Idaho agricultural soil samples and from Chesapeake Bay marsh sediments were separately analyzed. The profiles from all available hypervariable regions were concatenated to obtain a combined profile, which was then provided to the SVM and KNN classifiers. Each profile was labeled with information about the location or time of its sampling. We hypothesized that after a learning phase using feature vectors from labeled ALH profiles, both these classifiers would have the capacity to predict the labels of previously unseen samples. The resulting classifiers were able to predict the labels of the Idaho soil samples with high accuracy. The classifiers were less accurate for the classification of the Chesapeake Bay sediments suggesting greater similarity within the Bay's microbial community patterns in the sampled sites. The profiles obtained from the V1+V2 region were more informative than that obtained from any other single region. However, combining them with profiles from the VI region (with or without the profiles from the V3 region) resulted in the most accurate classification of the samples. The addition of profiles from the V9 region appeared to confound the classifiers. Our results show that SVM and KNN classifiers can be effectively applied to distinguish between eubacterial community patterns from different ecosystems based only on their ALH profiles. (c) 2005 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, BioRG, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Manassas, VA USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Narashimhan, G (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, BioRG, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM giri@cs.fiu.edu OI Mills, DeEtta/0000-0002-9977-7834 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.06.012 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 032ZF UT WOS:000236814700006 PM 16054254 ER PT J AU Deyrup, ST Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Donald, TW AF Deyrup, ST Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Donald, TW TI Caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids from a fungicolous isolate of Pestalotiopsis disseminata SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS PORONIA-PUNCTATA; TAXUS-BREVIFOLIA; PENICILLIUM; METABOLITES; ALCOHOLS; ANALOGS AB Three new caryophyllene-type sesquiterpene alcohols, 6-hydroxypunctaporonin E (1), 6-hydroxypunctaporonin B (2), and 6-hydroxypunctaporonin A (3), have been isolated from cultures of the fungicolous fungus Pestalotiopsis disseminata. The structures of 1-3 were determined mainly by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. The structure and absolute configuration of 6-hydroxypunctaporonin E (1) was confirmed through X-ray crystallographic analysis of its mono-bromobenzoate derivative. Compounds 1 and 2 showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu OI Deyrup, Stephen/0000-0002-1851-5593 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD APR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 608 EP 611 DI 10.1021/np050460b PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 039YB UT WOS:000237343400018 PM 16643036 ER PT J AU Jiao, P Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Jiao, P Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT TI Chloriolide, a 12-membered macrolide from Chloridium wirescens var. chlamydosporum (NRRL 37636) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CLADOSPOLIDE-B; ABSOLUTE STEREOCHEMISTRY; METABOLITES; CLADOSPORIOIDES; MONORDEN; LACTONES AB A new 12-membered macrolide (chloriolide; 1) was obtained from solid-substrate fermentation cultures of Chloridium Virescens var. chlamydosporum that was originally isolated from decayed wood. The structure of 1 was determined by analysis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and MS data and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by application of the modified Mosher method using the (R)- and (S)- MTPA derivatives of a rearrangement product obtained under standard acylation conditions. The assignment made by analysis of the corresponding Delta delta values was verified by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the (S)-MTPA derivative. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD APR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 636 EP 639 DI 10.1021/np0504964 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 039YB UT WOS:000237343400023 PM 16643041 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Turnlund, JR AF Novotny, JA Turnlund, JR TI Molybdenum kinetics in men differ during molybdenum depletion and repletion SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; kinetics; modeling; mineral ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; SULFITE OXIDASE; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; NUTRITION; EXCRETION; COFACTOR; HUMANS; PLASMA; BLOOD AB In this study we developed an expanded compartmental model of molybdenum (Mo) kinetics to determine rates of molybdenum distribution during molybdenum depletion and repletion. The model was based on a clinical study in which 4 men consumed a low-molybdenum diet of 22 mu g/d (0.23 mu mol/d) for 102 d, followed by a high molybdenum diet of 467 mu g/d (4.9 mu mol/d) for 18 d. Stable isotopes Mo-100 and Mo-97 were administered orally and intravenously, respectively, at several time points during the study, and serial samples of plasma, urine, and feces were analyzed for Mo-100, Mo-97, and total Mo. Based on plasma, urine, and fecal molybdenum levels, kinetic parameters of distribution and elimination were determined. The rates of molybdenum distribution and elimination were different during depletion and repletion. During high intake, urinary molybdenum excretion was greater than during low intake. In addition, fractional tissue storage of molybdenum was lower during high intake than during low intake. This suggests that low intake results in an adaptation to conserve body Mo, and that high intake results in an adaptation to eliminate Mo. The model also suggested that food-bound molybdenum was similar to 16% less bioavailable than purified Mo. Finally, under the conditions of this study, the model suggested that an intake of 43 mu g/d (0.45 mu mol/d) would be sufficient to maintain plasma molybdenum levels at steady state. This is a minimum estimate because subjects in this study were in a molybdenum-sparing state. These findings provide an understanding of the adaptations in molybdenum metabolism that take place during depletion and repletion. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM novotnyj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 136 IS 4 BP 953 EP 957 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028AE UT WOS:000236456900014 PM 16549456 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Rasooly, R Jacob, RA Kader, AA Mackey, BE AF Kelley, DS Rasooly, R Jacob, RA Kader, AA Mackey, BE TI Consumption of Bing sweet cherries lowers circulating concentrations of inflammation markers in healthy men and women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; nitric oxide; phenolic compounds; blood lipids; arthritis ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ENDOTHELIAL NO-SYNTHASE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTHOCYANINS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming sweet cherries on plasma lipids and markers of inflammation in healthy humans. Healthy men and women (n = 18) supplemented their diets with Bing sweet cherries (280 g/d) for 28 d. After a 12-h fast, blood samples were taken before the start of cherry consumption (study d 0 and 7), 14 and 28 d after the start of cherry supplementation (study d 21 and 35), and 28 d after the discontinuation (study d 64) of cherry consumption. After cherries were consumed for 28 d, circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), and NO decreased by 25 (P < 0.05), 21 (P < 0.05), and 18% (P = 0.07) respectively. After the discontinuation of cherry consumption for 28 d (d 64), concentrations of RANTES continued to decrease (P = 0.001), whereas those of CRP and NO did not differ from either d 7 (pre-cherries) or d 35 (post-cherries). Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and its soluble receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 did not change during the study. Cherry consumption did not affect the plasma concentrations of total-, HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, subfractions of HDL, LDL, VLDL, and their particle sizes and numbers. It also did not affect fasting blood glucose or insulin concentrations or a number of other chemical and hematological variables. Results of the present study suggest a selective modulatory effect of sweet cherries on CRP, NO, and RANTES. Such anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial for the management and prevention of inflammatory diseases. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkelley@whnrc.usda.gov NR 48 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 136 IS 4 BP 981 EP 986 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028AE UT WOS:000236456900019 PM 16549461 ER PT J AU Gao, X Wilde, PE Lichtenstein, AH Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Gao, X Wilde, PE Lichtenstein, AH Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL TI The maximal amount of dietary alpha-tocopherol intake in US adults (NHANES 2001-2002) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE linear programming; alpha-tocopherol; Dietary Reference Intakes; dietary pattern ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NUT CONSUMPTION; RISK; CANCER; WOMEN; NUTRIENTS; PLASMA AB The current study was designed to determine the maximal amount of or-tocopherol intake obtained from food in the U.S. diet, and to examine the effect of different food group intakes on this amount. Data from 2138 men and 2213 women aged > 18 y were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002. Linear programming was used to generate diets with maximal a-tocopherol intake, with the conditions of meeting the recommended daily allowances or adequate intakes for a set of nutrients, sodium and fat recommendations, and energy limits, and that were compatible with the observed dietary patterns in the population. With food use and energy constraints in models, diets formulated by linear programming provided 19.3-24.9 mg a-tocopherol for men and women aged 19-50 or > 50 y. These amounts decreased to 15.4-19.9 mg with the addition of the sodium, dietary reference intake, and fat constraints. The relations between maximal a-tocopherol intake and food group intakes were influenced by total fat restrictions. Although meeting current recommendations (15 mg/d) appears feasible for individuals, dramatic dietary changes that include greater intakes of nuts and seeds, and fruit and vegetables, are needed. Careful selection of the highest vitamin E source foods within these groups could further increase the likelihood of meeting the current recommended daily allowance. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230; NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1026 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028AE UT WOS:000236456900026 PM 16549468 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, LH TI New approaches for designing and evaluating food fortification programs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Fortification in Developing Countries CY APR 05, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Nutr, Soc Int Nutr Res DE fortification; design; micronutrient; evaluation ID TASK-FORCE REPORT; FOLIC-ACID; DUAL FORTIFICATION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; IRON; CHILDREN; ABSORPTION; IODINE AB Historically, food fortification programs were often undertaken with little attention to issues such as micronutrient bioavailability, optimal levels of addition, or efficacy or to monitoring impact on nutritional status, health, and human function. Several developments in recent years have enabled substantial progress to be made in the design and evaluation of fortification programs. The methodology for estimating the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes in a population and tolerable upper intake levels has been established and can be used as the basis for estimating desirable amounts of nutrient addition. More attention is being paid to assessing the bioavailability of nutrients (especially minerals) using stable and radioactive isotopes, and bioavailability of iron compounds can be estimated from changes in total body iron calculated from the ratio of transferrin receptors to serum ferritin. Procedures for quality control of the fortification process have been established. New approaches to monitoring the impact of fortification over time include assessment of liver retinol stores using retinol isotope dilution. In summary, the design and evaluation of food fortification programs now requires a series of formative research procedures on the part of nutritionists, which were not often expected or conducted in the past. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhallen@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1058 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028AE UT WOS:000236456900034 PM 16549476 ER PT J AU Harris, SS AF Harris, SS TI Vitamin D and African Americans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optimizing Vitamin D Intake for Populations with Special Needs CY APR 04, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Nutr DE vitamin D; African-Americans; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; race ID 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D LEVELS; D ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; PROSTATE-CANCER; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; WHITE WOMEN; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIETARY-INTAKE; UNITED-STATES AB Vitamin D insufficiency is more prevalent among African Americans (blacks) than other Americans and, in North America, most young, healthy blacks do not achieve optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations at any time of year. This is primarily due to the fact that pigmentation reduces vitamin D production in the skin. Also, from about puberty and onward, median vitamin D intakes of American blacks are below recommended intakes in every age group, with or without the inclusion of vitamin D from supplements. Despite their low 25(OH)D levels, blacks have lower rates of osteoporotic fractures. This may result in part from bone-protective adaptations that include an intestinal resistance to the actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D and a skeletal resistance to the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, these mechanisms may not fully mitigate the harmful skeletal effects of low 25(OH)D and elevated PTH in blacks, at least among older individuals. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly apparent that vitamin D protects against other chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers, all of which are as prevalent or more prevalent among blacks than whites. Clinicians and educators should be encouraged to promote improved vitamin D status among blacks (and others) because of the low risk and low cost of vitamin D supplementation and its potentially broad health benefits. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Harris, SS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.harris@tufts.edu NR 59 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1129 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028AE UT WOS:000236456900051 PM 16549493 ER PT J AU Chew, YC Camporeale, G Kothapalli, N Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Chew, YC Camporeale, G Kothapalli, N Sarath, G Zempleni, J TI Lysine residues in N-terminal and C-terminal regions of human histone H2A are targets for biotinylation by biotinidase SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biocytin; biotin; biotinidase; histone H2A; holocarboxylase synthetase; lysine ID JURKAT CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; METHYLATION; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; CARBOXYLASES; DEFICIENCY; REPAIR; H4 AB In eukaryotic cell nuclei, DNA associates with the core histories H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 to form nucleosomal core particles. DNA binding to histories is regulated by posttranslational modifications of N-terminal tails (e.g., acetylation and methylation of histories). These modifications play important roles in the epigenetic control of chromatin structure. Recently, evidence that biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) catalyze the covalent binding of biotin to histories has been provided. The primary aim of this study was to identify biotinylation sites in histone H2A and its variant H2AX. Secondary aims were to determine whether acetylation and methylation of histone H2A affect subsequent biotinylation and whether biotinidase and HCS localize to the nucleus in human cells. Biotinylation sites were identified using synthetic peptides as substrates for biotinidase. These studies provided evidence that K9 and K13 in the N-terminus of human histories H2A and H2AX are targets for biotinylation and that K125, K127 and K129 in the C-terminus of historic H2A are targets for biotinylation. Biotinylation of lysine residues was decreased by acetylation of adjacent lysines but was increased by dimethylation of adjacent arginines. The existence of biotinylated histone H2A in vivo was confirmed by using modification-specific antibodies. Antibodies to biotinidase and HCS localized primarily to the nuclear compartment, consistent with a role for these enzymes in regulating chromatin structure. Collectively, these studies have identified five novel biotinylation sites in human histories; historic H2A is unique among histories in that its biotinylation sites include amino acid residues from the C-terminus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu OI Kothapalli, Naga Rama/0000-0001-7993-8525 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 60447, R01 DK063945, R01 DK060447, DK 063945] NR 32 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028YR UT WOS:000236525200002 PM 16109483 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Murphy, C Trout, J Fayer, R AF Jenkins, MC Murphy, C Trout, J Fayer, R TI An improved electron microscopic technique for the immunolabeling of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; ANTIGEN; SPOROZOITES; IMMUNOLOCALIZATION; APICOMPLEXAN; ORGANELLE; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; CLONING; GENOME AB A technique was developed for immunolabeling Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for subsequent observation by transmission electron microscopy. This method was developed to maintain architectural integrity of the oocyst wall and improve fixation of internal contents. The improved fixation and embedding method permits efficient immunolabeling of both nonexcysted and excysted C. parvum oocysts and may be applicable to other oocyst- and cyst-forming protozoa. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genet Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mjenkins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 403 EP 405 DI 10.1645/GE-3539RN.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 039TG UT WOS:000237329400032 PM 16729705 ER PT J AU Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP AF Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP TI Systematics and emerging infectious diseases: From management to solution SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID N-SP NEMATODA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; COSTA-RICA; PARASITES; BIODIVERSITY; COEVOLUTION; TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE; PERSPECTIVE; ALGORITHM AB The crisis of emerging infectious disease sterns from the absence of comprehensive taxonomic inventories of the world's parasites, which includes the world's pathogens. Recent technological developments raise hopes that the global inventory of species, including potential pathogens, can be accomplished in a timely and cost-effective manner. The phylogenetics revolution initiated by systematists provides a means by which information about pathogen transmission dynamics can be placed in a predictive framework. Increasingly, that information is widely available in digital form on the internet. Systematic biology is well positioned to play it crucial role in efforts to be proactive in the arena of emerging parasitic and infectious diseases. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. USDA ARS, UA Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brooks, DR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. EM dbrooks@zoo.utoronto.ca NR 38 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 426 EP 429 DI 10.1645/GE-711R.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 039TG UT WOS:000237329400040 PM 16729713 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Schultz, RJ Abrams, S Ellis, KJ Glaze, DG AF Motil, KJ Schultz, RJ Abrams, S Ellis, KJ Glaze, DG TI Fractional calcium absorption is increased in girls with Rett syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ostenpenia; neurologic disorders; bone mineral content; dietary calciurn; vitamin D; anticonvulsant therapy; parathyroid hormone; cortisol ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PREPUBERTAL GIRLS; VITAMIN-D; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; BODY-COMPOSITION; DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting girls, is characterized in part by osteopenia and increased risk of skeletal fractures. We hypothesized that decreased intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption relative to dietary Ca intake and increased renal Ca excretion might cause these problems in RTT. Objective: We measured fractional Ca absorption, urinary Ca loss, dietary Ca intake, and the hormonal factor, regulating Ca metabolism to determine whether abnormalities in Ca balance might relate to poor bone mineralization in RTT girls and to evaluate the contribution of these factors to the overall dietary Ca needs of RTT girls. Study Design: Ten RTT girls and 10 controls, matched for age, sex, and pubertal status, were given a 3 day constant Ca diet that mimicked their habitual intakes. At the end of each dietary period, girls received single doses of 42 Ca (intravenous) and 46 Ca (oral). Fractional urinary excretion of 42 Ca, 46 Ca, 24 hour urinary Ca, and urinary cortisol excretion were determined. Serum Ca, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin were measured in the postabsorptive state. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Fractional Ca absorption was significantly higher in RTT than in control girls (mean +/- SDp. 52 vs. 33 +/- 13%). Dietary Ca intake (mean SDp, 1, 100 vs. 1,446 +/- 440 g/d) and net Ca absorption (mean +/- SDp, 513 vs. 362 +/- 306 mg/d) did not differ significantly between RTT and controls, respectively. Although urinary Ca excretion did not differ between groups, the increased urinary Ca:creatinine ratio (mean +/- SDp, 0.39 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.38) was consistent with clinical hypercalcuria and paralleled the significantly increased urinary cortisol excretion (mean SDp. 3.1 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.1 mg/kg lean body mass per day) in the RTT girls. BMC was significantly lower in RTT than in controls (mean SDp, 527 vs. 860 +/- 275 g). Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D metabolites, PTH, and osteocalcin concentrations did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Fractional Ca absorption showed a compensatory increase in the presence of adequate dietary Ca intakes, mild hypercalcuria, and pronounced bone mineral deficits in RTT girls. Whether supplemental dietary Ca could enhance fractional Ca absorption and improve bone mineralization in RTT girls is unknown. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kmotil@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00188]; NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD 24234] NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000189370.22288.0c PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 037PI UT WOS:000237158800011 PM 16641581 ER PT J AU Bucolo, AP Sullivan, MJ Zimba, PV AF Bucolo, A. P. Sullivan, M. J. Zimba, P. V. TI Effects of nutrient enrichment on biomass and primary production of sediment microalgae in Halodule wrightii ascherson (shoalgrass) seagrass beds SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Florida State Univ, Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 MA 11 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 161HH UT WOS:000246004900012 ER PT J AU Triemer, R Bennett, M Zimba, P Moeller, P Beauchesne, K AF Triemer, R. Bennett, M. Zimba, P. Moeller, P. Beauchesne, K. TI A novel pigment biomarker for identification of some euglenophyceae SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Stoneville, MS USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 MA 139 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 161HH UT WOS:000246004900140 ER PT J AU Li, SW Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Li, SW Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD TI Partial flooding enhances aeration in adventitious roots of black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black willow; flooding; growth; radial oxygen loss; root porosity ID RADIAL OXYGEN LOSS; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SPARTINA PATENS; RICE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; TOLERANCE; METHANE; EXCHANGE AB Black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings are used for streambank stabilization where they are subjected to a range of soil moisture conditions including flooding. Flooding has been shown to adversely impact cutting performance, and improved understanding of natural adaptations to flooding might suggest handling and planting techniques to enhance success. However, data assessing the root aeration in adventitious roots that are developed on cuttings of woody species are scant. In addition, it appears that no data are available regarding aeration of the root system under partially flooded conditions. This experiment was designed to examine the effects of continuous flooding (CF) and partial flooding (PF) on aerenchyma formation and radial oxygen loss (ROL) in black willow cuttings. Photosynthetic and growth responses to these conditions were also investigated. Under laboratory condition, replicated potted cuttings were subjected to three treatments: no flooding (control, C), CF, and PF Water was maintained above the soil surface in CF and at 10cm depth in PF Results indicated that after the 28-d treatments, root porosity ranged between 28.6% and 33.0% for the CF and C plants but was greater for the PF plants (39.2% for the drained and 37.2% for the flooded portions). A similar response pattern was found for ROL. In addition, CF treatment led to decreases in final root biomass and root/shoot ratio. Neither CF nor PF had any detectable adverse effects on plant gas exchange or photosystem II functioning. Our results indicated that S. nigra cuttings exhibited avoidance mechanisms in response to flooding, especially the partially flooded condition which is the most common occurrence in riparian systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Li, SW (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM shuwenli@memphis.edu NR 44 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 163 IS 6 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.06.010 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 040WI UT WOS:000237411200004 PM 16545995 ER PT J AU Cinelli, P Chiellini, E Lawton, JW Imam, SH AF Cinelli, P Chiellini, E Lawton, JW Imam, SH TI Properties of injection molded composites containing corn fiber and poly(vinyl alcohol) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hybrid composites; lignocellulosic fiber; mechanical properties; poly(vinyl alcohol); renewable resources; starch ID STARCH; BLENDS AB Composites based on natural polymers alone are extremely sensitive to moisture and their mechanical properties deteriorate upon the absorption of water, limiting their usefulness in practical applications. Ongoing research cooperation between USDA and the University of Pisa, Italy, has yielded several composites based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and corn fibers (CF). In this study, variable amounts of CF and PVA were processed in the presence of both dry and liquid plasticizers, glycerol and pentaerythritol. Cornstarch was introduced in the formulation to reduce the cost and to further increase the composition of natural components in the composites. Composites made with as low as 30% PVA were injection molded into tensile bars and evaluated. The addition of starch moderately reduced the tensile properties of the composites, lowering the elongation (similar to 600% to 400%) and increasing Young's modulus (similar to 36 MPa to similar to 100 MPa) while the ultimate tensile strength remained constant at about 8 MPa. Composites prepared from CF and PVA showed little change in their mechanical properties even after conditioning them at various relative humidities, or after soaking in water. Composites tested after storage for one year, at 50% relative humidity and 23 degrees C, exhibited mechanical properties similar to those of freshly prepared composites. C1 USDA ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Pisa, Dept Ind & Engn Chem, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polyerm Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM simam@pw.usda.gov OI Cinelli, Patrizia/0000-0003-2401-133X NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-9760 J9 J POLYM RES JI J. Polym. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s10965-005-9012-z PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 029KR UT WOS:000236561700004 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL AF Willett, J. L. Finkenstadt, V. L. TI Reactive extrusion of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers using various starches SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE starch; graft copolymer; reactive extrusion; polyacrylamide ID POLYMERIZATION; SUPERABSORBENT; ACRYLONITRILE AB Graft copolymers of polyacrylamide and various substrates were prepared by reactive extrusion in a twin screw extruder using ammonium persulfate as initiator. Substrates included unmodified starches (corn, waxy maize, wheat, and potato), cationic starches, dextrin, dextran, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). The feed ratio of substrate to monomer was 2:1. Average conversion of monomer to polymer was 88.9% (+/- 5.1%). Graft contents for the starch substrates were approximately 25% with grafting efficiencies of about 70%. Polyacrylamide graft molecular weights ranged from 317,000 to 769,000. Absorbencies at pH 7 for saponified graft copolymers prepared with unmodified starches were approximately 200 g/g and approximately 150 g/g for the cationic starches, dextran, and PVOH. In electrolyte solution (0.9% NaCl), absorbencies were in the range of 26-59 g/g, depending on substrate type. Saponified dextrin copolymers were essentially soluble with absorbencies of 6 g/g in water and 12 g/g in 0.9% NaCl. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM willetjl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10924-006-0002-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 069OQ UT WOS:000239458500002 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Filcheva, E Green, CE Brown, SL AF Chaney, Rufus L. Filcheva, Ekatrina Green, Carrie E. Brown, Sally L. TI Zn deficiency promotes Cd accumulation by lettuce from biosolids amended soils with high Cd : Zn ratio SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHLORIDE; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; SALINITY; SPINACH; COMPOST; GRAIN; IRON AB Before regulations for biosolids utilization were developed, some highly contaminated sewage sludges were land applied on farmers fields. In one case, with a soil which had been amended with a high Cd:Zn ratio sludge, making the soil calcareous did not reduce Cd uptake by lettuce as raising pH had achieved in many earlier tests. We conducted an experiment to examine metal uptake by lettuce with different treatments (2% limestone, Zn, peat, or 10% addition of a biosolids compost enriched in Fe, Mn and/or Zn) would reduce the potential for Cd uptake by Romaine lettuce from soils which had been amended with high Cd biosolids in the 1960s-1970s. An unexpected result was observed: liming two of the soils induced Zn deficiency in lettuce and raised lettuce foliar Cd concentrations. The high soil Cd appears to have interfered with Zn uptake, and foliar Zn was below the deficiency diagnostic level. Added Zn or peat+Zn prevented the Zn deficiency and greatly reduced lettuce Cd levels, while compost and Zn-amended compost were not quite as effective as the ZnSO(4). No apparent effects of the added Fe and Mn oxides on lettuce Cd were observed, perhaps the oxides also adsorbed added Zn, reducing its ability to inhibit Cd uptake by lettuce. We conclude that application of excess limestone plus added Zn will reduce soil Cd risk to feed-and food-chain for soils with high Cd:Zn contamination such as biosolids amended soils at St. Marys, PA. C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Soil Sci N Poushkarov, Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Washington, Sch Forestry, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 042QG UT WOS:000237542900002 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Bratka, KJ Drake, MA Sanders, TH AF Greene, JL Bratka, KJ Drake, MA Sanders, TH TI Effectiveness of category and line scales to characterize consumer perception of fruity fermented flavor in peanuts SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID DESCRIPTIVE FLAVOR; MAGNITUDE SCALE; TEMPERATURE; MATURITY; TASTE AB Fruity fermented (FF) flavor is a common off-flavor in peanuts resulting from high-temperature curing. The 9-point hedonic scale is the most widely used scale to determine consumer acceptance; however, research has indicated that line scales may provide equal reliability and greater sensitivity. The objectives of this study were to characterize consumer perception of FF flavor in peanuts and to compare the effectiveness of the two scale types. Consumers (n = 208) evaluated control (no FF), low-intensity (1.0) FF and high-intensity (3.0) FF peanut pastes for the strength/intensity of roasted peanut flavor (RPF), sweet taste (ST), fresh peanut flavor (FPF) and overall liking (OV) using randomly assigned ballots. Sensitivity in defining consumer perception of off-flavor in peanuts was greater with use of line scales than with the hedonic scale. The line scale indicated that FF flavor in peanuts, even at low intensity, negatively impacted OV and further identified significantly lower RPF and FPF perception by consumers. The hedonic scale identified only a difference in FPF and was not sensitive enough to show a difference in OV. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, MQHR, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), 236 Schaub Hall,Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 18 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2006.00057.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 021ZT UT WOS:000236025100002 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Eller, FJ AF Jackson, MA Eller, FJ TI Isolation of long-chain aliphatic alcohols from beeswax using lipase-catalyzed methanolysis in supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE beeswax; supercritical carbon dioxide; methanolysis; policosanols; lipase fatty alcohols ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TEMPERATURE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; II HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; POLICOSANOL; HONEYBEES; TOXICITY; EFFICACY; COMBWAX; SAFETY; WAX AB Aliphatic alcohols of chain lengths of 24-34 carbons have been found to be beneficial in treating hypercholesterolemia. Approximately 40% of beeswax is long-chain esters which can be transesterified ill supercritical carbon dioxide to give these alcohols and fatty acid methyl esters. The methanolysis reaction was catalyzed by an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica in flowing supercritical carbon dioxide and the alcohols were then isolated from the fatty acid methyl esters by precipitation from heptane. The alcohols were found in the following percentages: tetracosanol, 9.1; hexacosanol, 14.0; octacosanol, 18.4; triacontanol. 37.2; dotriacontanol, 21.1; tetratriacontanol, 0.3. The utility of the method was demonstrated by isolating fatty alcohols from jojoba oil and a mixture of triglycerides and waxes isolated from corn bran. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, New Crops Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, New Crops Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jacksonmic@ncaur.usda.gov OI Jackson, Michael/0000-0003-4893-9917 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.08.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 023ZQ UT WOS:000236165100005 ER PT J AU Preuss, HG Echard, B Polansky, MM Anderson, R AF Preuss, HG Echard, B Polansky, MM Anderson, R TI Whole cinnamon and aqueous extracts ameliorate sucrose-induced blood pressure elevations in spontaneously hypertensive rats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cinnamon; blood pressure; insulin; triglycerides ID FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; HYPERINSULINEMIA; PREVENTS; CHROMIUM; DISEASE; OBESITY; LIPIDS AB Objective: Many agents (nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs) that enhance insulin sensitivity and/or reduce circulating insulin concentrations lower blood pressure (BP). Recently, it was reported that cinnamon has the potential to favorably influence the glucose/insulin system. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of dietary cinnamon on systolic BP (SBP), and various glucose- and insulin-related parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: In a series of three experiments, treated SHR eating sucrose and non sucrose containing diets were given various amounts of cinnamon, cinnamon extracts, or chromium. Then various parameters such as: body weight, systolic blood pressure, hematology and blood chemistries were followed for three to four weeks. Results: Diets high in sucrose content are associated with insulin resistance and the elevation of SBP. Addition to diets of cinnamon (8% w/w) reduced the SBP of rats eating sucrose containing diets to virtually the same levels as SHR consuming non sucrose containing (only starch) diets. The presence of cinnamon in the diet also decreased the SBP of SHR consuming a non sucrose-containing diet, suggesting that cinnamon reduces more than just sucrose-induced SBP elevations-perhaps a genetic component(s) of the elevated BP as well. The effects of cinnamon on SBP tended to be dose-dependent. Cinnamon did not decrease the levels of blood glucose, but did lower circulating insulin concentrations. Aqueous extracts of cinnamon also decreased SBP and lowered the circulating levels of fructosamine. Conclusions: Cinnamon is used for flavor and taste in food preparation, but cinnamon may have additional roles in glucose metabolism and BP regulation. Therefore, BP regulation may not only be influenced favorably by limiting the amounts of dietary substances that have negative effects on BP and insulin function but also by the addition of beneficial ones, such as cinnamon, that have positive effects. C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Physiol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Preuss, HG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Physiol, Basic Sci Bldg,Rm 231B,4000 Reservoir RD,NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM preusshg@georgetown.edu NR 44 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 144 EP 150 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 031YX UT WOS:000236742200008 PM 16582031 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP AF Liu, CK Latona, NP TI Lubrication of leather with mixtures of polyethylene glycol and oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 24, 2005 CL Sky Top, PA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID COLLAGEN MATERIAL AB Moisture loss due to humidity decreases in the surrounding environment can result in area shrinkage, and therefore area yield. In addition, adequate moisture content is essential to the physical properties of leather, such as softness and mechanical strength. One of the problems, however, associated with leather quality is that traditional lubricants ("fatliquors," consisting of oils and surfactants) do not promote the retention of essential moisture, making the leather fibers prone to over-drying. We have recently developed a formulation of lubricants that consists of a mixture of oils and low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG). Leather treated with PEG mixtures showed increased moisture retention due to the humectant effect of PEG on the leather fibers. We also characterized the lubrication of samples using an acoustic emission technique. The samples without any lubricants showed twin peaks on the plot of hit rate versus time. This implied that a non-uniform fracture occurred in the leather structure that was not lubricated. In contrast, leather lubricated with PEG and oil mixtures showed a steady increase in hit rate with time until it fractured after only one major peak of hit rate. Moreover, after the treated leather samples were heated at an elevated temperature, such as 90 degrees C, observations showed that the tensile strength retention of treated leather increases with PEG concentration in the fatliquoring bath. This implies that PEG increases the heat resistance of leather. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 101 IS 4 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 031BZ UT WOS:000236680400003 ER PT J AU Bailey, DG Dudley, R Rabinovich, D AF Bailey, DG Dudley, R Rabinovich, D TI Application of molecular techniques to identify bacteria isolated from the leather industry - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ERRC, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 101 IS 4 BP 144 EP 145 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 031BZ UT WOS:000236680400005 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA AF Kenar, JA TI Reaction chemistry of gossypol and its derivatives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE apogossypol; gossypol; gossypol derivatives; gossypol reactions; male contraceptive; oxidation; reduction; review; Schiff bases ID PM5 SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; APOGOSSYPOL HEXAMETHYL ETHER; HUMAN LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASES; ACID TETRAMETHYL ETHER; SCHIFF-BASE; FT-IR; ESI MS; MONOVALENT CATIONS; RACEMIC GOSSYPOL AB Gossypol, a complex polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring highly colored yellow pigment found in the small intercellular pigment glands in the leaves, stems, roots, and seed of cotton plants. In cottonseed, gossypol contributes to its toxicity and therefore it is regarded as an unwanted processing component. It was not until its antitumor and male infertility activities were discovered that gossypol was considered as a value-added natural product from cottonseed with useful physiological and chemical properties. These serendipitous discoveries created much excitement, and an enormous amount of research on gossypol has ensued. Since then, much research has focused on the preparation of suitable gossypol derivatives for medicinal applications. This review summarizes current knowledge about gossypol, its stereochemistry, tautomerism, and the many varied reactions the gossypol molecule can undergo. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenarja@ncaur.usda.gov NR 228 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 269 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1203-1 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042PR UT WOS:000237541300001 ER PT J AU Wilson, TA Clark, TL Hibbard, BE AF Wilson, TA Clark, TL Hibbard, BE TI Number of point sources of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) eggs in artificial infestations affects larval establishment and plant damage SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; HOST RANGE; SEX-RATIO; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENT; SOIL; FECUNDITY; GRASSES; DENSITY; SIZE AB Host establishment of larvae of the western Corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, oil a corn plant is approximately tell fold higher in artificial infestations in the greenhouse compared to artificial infestation in field experiments. We hypothesized that the paths that western corn rootworm larvae use to find their host from in individual point source (location where agar containing eggs is injected into the soil) in artificial infestations in the field may be limited and become obstructed by early hatching larvae. To evaluate our hypothesis, we tested two infestation levels (400 or 800 eggs/plant) each with five infestation patterns (1, 2, 4, 8. or 16 infestation points around the plant). An effect of infestation pattern was observed. Root damage oil the 0 to 3 scale from an infestation of 400 viable western corn rootworm eggs increased significantly from 0.12 +/- 0.03 to 0.74 +/- 0.23 when the number of infestation points around the plant was increased from 1 to 16 at one location. Root damage from an infestation of 800 viable eggs increased front 0.18 +/- 0.11 to 0.56 +/- 0.15 as the number of point sources increased from 2 to 16 at the same location. In addition, larval recovery increased significantly from in average of 1.67 +/- 0.49 to 6.22 +/- 0.83 when the number of point sources increased from 1 to 8 for 400 viable eggs at one of the locations. However, there were no significant differences in adult emergence. The number of point sources around all individual corn plant apparently affects host establishment in a minor way. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Briar Cliff Univ, Dept Biol, Sioux City, IA 51104 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hibbardb@rnissouri.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.2317/0503.18.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 039TK UT WOS:000237329900006 ER PT J AU Branson, DH AF Branson, DH TI Life-history responses of Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) (Orthoptera : Acrididae) to host plant availability and population density SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MELANOPLUS-FEMURRUBRUM; GRASSHOPPERS; COMPETITION; QUALITY; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; ADULTS AB The effects of variation in host plant availability and population densities on reproductive allocation in grasshoppers have received relatively little attention. The effect of increased host plant availability and population density on survival and reproductive allocation were examined in a widely distributed grasshopper, Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder). The experimental treatments consisted of ambient-level and fertilized vegetation with two A. deorum density treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Both food plain availability and population density played important roles in the observed life history variation. Although the rate of egg pod production was not density-dependent, density-dependence was evident in the number of eggs per pod. Average survival did not respond to food plant availability. but reproduction was limited by host plant availability in the ambient-level treatment. Food limited A. deorum with ambient-level resources produced egg pods more slowly and with fewer eggs per pod. The rate of egg pod production averaged 64% higher with fertilized vegetation than with ambient vegetation. The availability of higher protein host plants may have been the primary limiting factor for egg production. The effects of food availability and grasshopper density acted in an additive manner on reproductive allocation. As a result, the per capita availability of nutrients was likely the limiting factor for reproduction in both resource and density treatments. Variation in host plant availability had a much larger effect on recruitment and population dynamics than would be predicted based on survivorship alone. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM dbranson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.2317/0501.11.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 039TK UT WOS:000237329900009 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, CS Prowell, D Griswold, T AF Bartholomew, CS Prowell, D Griswold, T TI An annotated checklist of bees (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) in longleaf pine savannas of southern Louisiana and Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bees; apoidea; longleaf pine savannas; uplands; wetlands ID ANTHOPHORA-ABRUPTA SAY; NESTING BIOLOGY; HALICTUS-RUBICUNDUS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ANDRENIDAE; BEHAVIOR; APIDAE; SITE AB We cataloged the bee fauna to determine potential pollinators in upland and wet longleaf pine savannas in Louisiana. A total of 122 species of bees were collected from four savanna sites. A regional list of 165 species was produced by adding species collected from nearby savannas in Mississippi. Our Louisiana survey documented range extensions for 23 species, 64 new state records, and two possible new species. Upland savannas contained a higher proportion of range restricted bees. Three species collected at upland sites are typically associated with prairies or grasslands and are potential targets for conservation efforts. Biogeographically, the fauna is eastern or southeastern with 68% of the species ranges extending eastward. Species composition comparisons of the Louisiana savanna fauna with other grassland and sand scrub habitats indicated 45% overlap with Mississippi, 30% with southern Florida, 29% with Indiana/Illinois, and 22% with Minnesota. Based on our Louisiana study and one nearby in Mississippi, longleaf pine savannas on the western edge of the East Gulf Coastal Plain are likely to contain close to 200 species of bees. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bartholomew, CS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.2317/0410.27.1 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 039TK UT WOS:000237329900013 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Heidt, ML AF Hansen, JD Heidt, ML TI Codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) larval survival under heated anaerobic conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; THERMAL DEATH; TEPHRITIDAE; CHERRIES AB Quarantine regulations of importing countries are designed to prevent the introduction of exotic arthropod pests. A popular procedure is to use thermal treatments Such its vapor heat, forced hot air, and hot water dips to disinfest fresh agricultural commodities (Sharp, 1994; Hallman and Armstrong, 1994; Neven, 2003). Other potential treatments involve controlled atmosphere thermal treatment systems (CATTS) (Neven and Mitcham, 1996) and radio frequency exposures in water baths (Ikediala et al.. 2002: Wang et al., 2001). Wang et al. (2002) used a heating block system to determine the temperatures and exposure times required for efficacious use of heat against codling moth larvae, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The predicted treatments have been verified for infested sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae). by using various hot water baths (Hansen et al., 2004). Although heat is the major component for all these thermal treatments, many other abiotic factors can influence efficacy (Hansen and Sharp, 1998,2000). An obvious condition that impacts insect Survival is any impediment to the vital respiration of the pest, such as in the CATTS or hot water dip treatments. However, few studies have compared treatment efficacy between aerobic and anaerobic systems. Knowledge of the contribution of asphyxiation would improve the efficacy of postharvest treatments and refine the precision of the mathematical mortality models. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a thermal treatment under different oxygen-poor atmospheres by using codling moth larvae. This information Would aide in the development of efficacious heat treatments. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.2317/0022-8567(2006)79[207:CMLTLS]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 039TK UT WOS:000237329900015 ER PT J AU Gilliam, FS Hockenberry, AW Adams, MB AF Gilliam, Frank S. Hockenberry, Anne W. Adams, Mary Beth TI Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the herbaceous layer of a central Appalachian hardwood forest SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE eastern deciduous forest; forest ecosystems; forest strata; herbaceous layer; nitrogen deposition; seasonal patterns ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; GROUND-FLORA; SOUTHEASTERN OHIO; DECIDUOUS FOREST; MANAGED FORESTS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; OAK FOREST; STAND-AGE; ECOSYSTEMS AB GILLIAM, F. S., A. W. HOCKENBERRY (Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2510), AND M. B. ADAMS (U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, WV, 26287-0404). Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the herbaceous layer of a central Appalachian hardwood forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133(2): 240-254. 2006-Additions of nitrogen (N) have been shown to alter species diversity of plant communities, with most experimental studies having been carried out in communities dominated by herbaceous species. We examined seasonal and inter-annual patterns of change in the herbaceous layer of two watersheds of a central Appalachian hardwood forest that differed in experimental N treatment. This study was carried out at the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, using two adjacent watersheds: WS4 (mature, second-growth hardwood stand, untreated reference), and WS3 (similar to 25-yr old, treated with 35 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as (NH4)(2)SO4 yr(-1)). Seven circular 0.04-ha sample plots were established in each watershed to represent its full range of elevation and slope aspect. The herbaceous layer was sampled by identifying and visually estimating cover (%) of all vascular plants <= 1 m in height within 10 1-m(2) circular sub-plots in each sample plot, for a total of 140 1-m(2) sub-plots. Sampling was carried out in mid-July of 1991 and repeated at approximately the same time in 1992. In 1994, these same plots were sampled each month from May to October. Seasonal patterns of herb layer dynamics were assessed for the complete 1994 data set, whereas inter-annual variability was based on plot data from 1991, 1992, and the July sample of 1994. There were no significant differences between watersheds for any sample year for any of the other herb layer characteristics measured, including herb layer cover, species richness, evenness, and diversity. Cover on WS4 decreased significantly from 1991 to 1992, followed by no change to 1994. By contrast, herb layer cover did not vary significantly across years on WS3. Cover of the herbaceous layer of both watersheds increased from early in the growing season to the middle of the growing season, decreasing thereafter, with no significant differences between WS3 and WS4 for any of the monthly cover means in 1994. Similar seasonal patterns found for herb layer cover-and lack of significant differences between watersheds-were also evident for species diversity and richness. By contrast, there was little seasonal change in herb layer species evenness, which was nearly identical between watersheds for all months except October. Seasonal patterns for individual species/species groups were closely similar between watersheds, especially for Viola rotundifolia and Viola spp. Species richness and species diversity were linearly related to herb layer cover for both WS3 and WS4, suggesting that spatial and temporal increases in cover were more related to recruitment of herb layer species than to growth of existing species. Results of this study indicate that there have been negligible responses of the herb layer to 6 yr of N additions to WS3. C1 Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Gilliam, FS (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM gilliam@marshall.edu NR 59 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 21 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 133 IS 2 BP 240 EP 254 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[240:EOANDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 079XX UT WOS:000240212300003 ER PT J AU Liu, H Pemberton, RW Stiling, P AF Liu, Hong Pemberton, Robert W. Stiling, Peter TI Native and introduced pollinators promote a self-incompatible invasive woody vine (Paederia foetida L) in Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE breeding system; halictid bees; honey bees; introduced species; invasive species; mutualism; Paederia foetida; plant-insect interaction; plant-animal interaction; pollen limitation; pollination; pollinator limitation; self-incompatibility; skunk vine ID POLLEN LIMITATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PLANT REPRODUCTION; MATING SYSTEM; POPULATIONS; MUTUALISMS AB Liu, H. (Department of Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620), R. W. PEMBERTON (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314), AND P. STILING (Department of Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620). Native and introduced pollinators promote an invasive woody vine (Paederia foetida L) in Florida. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133(2): 303-311. 2006-Little is known about the role of mutualistic relationships with local species in promoting or limiting introduced invasive plant species. In this study we carried out controlled pollination treatments and floral visitor watches at three sites varying in degree of human disturbance in central Florida to determine the breeding system and potential pollinators of Paederia foetida L (skunk vine). A native of eastern Asia, P. foetida is invasive in natural and human created habitats in the southern United States and Hawaii. Our data suggested that populations of P. foetida in Florida were self-incompatible and relied on both small-bodied halictid bees native to Florida and the introduced European honey bee for pollination. Visitation by native bees was more frequent in less disturbed sites, while the opposite was true for the honey bees. Pollinator limitation was evident at the relatively undisturbed and the highly disturbed sites, but not at the intermediate disturbed site. Mutualistic relationships with native pollinators as well as the introduced honey bee probably contributed to the establishment and spread of skunk vine in Florida. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, USDA, ARS Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, USDA, ARS Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM hliu@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 133 IS 2 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[304:NAIPPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 079XX UT WOS:000240212300009 ER PT J AU Will-Wolf, S Geiser, LH Neitlich, P Reis, AH AF Will-Wolf, Susan Geiser, Linda H. Neitlich, Peter Reis, Anne H. TI Forest lichen communities and environment - How consistent are relationships across scales? SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the International-Association-for-Lichenology CY AUG 16-21, 2004 CL Tartu, ESTONIA SP Int Assoc Lichenol DE climate indicator; ecological indicator; environmental gradient; forest indicator; lichen guild; modal distribution; pollution indicator; USA ID SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL SCALES; INDICATORS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; MACROLICHENS; ECOREGIONS; CONTINENTS; ESCARPMENT AB Question: How consistent are relationships of forest lichen community composition with environmental variables across geographic scales within region and across regions? Location: Northwestern continental USA and east central continental USA. Method: Four macrolichen data sets were compiled using identical plot sample protocol: species abundance estimated in 0.4-ha permanent plots on a systematic grid, as part of government (USDA-FS) forest inventory programs. One data set in each region represented a large area; the other represented part of the large area. We used global NMS ordination of plots based on species abundance to extract major axes of variation in community composition. Correlations of species, guilds, and environmental variables with ordination axes were compared between geographic scales for the two regions. Results: Primary axes of community variation at larger scales were correlated with climate variables and related geographic variables such as latitude and elevation, and with pollution. Forest vegetation variables such as stand age and tree species composition became more important at small scales. Community variation unexplained by macro-environment variables also became more important at small scales. Of several hundred species tested, ten lichen species showed consistent behaviour between scales within region (one also across regions) and are thus potential general indicators of ecological conditions in forests. Of six lichen guilds tested, several show strong patterns not consistently related to environmental conditions Conclusions: Interpretation of lichen species and community composition as indicating particular environmental conditions is context-dependent in most cases. Observed relationships should not be generalized beyond the geographic and ecological scale of observation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Will-Wolf, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM swwolf@wisc.edu NR 68 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02436.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 043OW UT WOS:000237611900006 ER PT J AU Stoffregen, WC Alt, DP Palmer, MV Olsen, SC Waters, WR Stasko, JA AF Stoffregen, W. C. Alt, D. P. Palmer, M. V. Olsen, S. C. Waters, W. R. Stasko, J. A. TI Identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE anemia; haemomycoplasma; hemoplasma; mycoplasma; Rangifer tarandus; reindeer ID EPERYTHROZOON-OVIS INFECTION; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; HAEMOBARTONELLA; MYCOPLASMA; BABESIA; SHEEP; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB During an 18-mo period (May 2002-November 2003), 10 animals in a herd of 19 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) at the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) experienced episodes of anemia. Affected animals had histories of weight loss, unthriftiness, occasionally edema of dependent parts and moderate anemia characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis. Numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less than 1.0 mu m, were found on the surface of red blood cells and were often observed encircling the outer margins of the cells. Based on cytologic findings, DNA preparations from selected affected animals in the NADC herd and one animal from a private herd experiencing similar episodes of anemia were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of hemotropic bacteria using primers targeting the 16S rRNA genes of Mycoplasma (Eperythrozoon) suis, Mycoplasma (Haemobartonella) haemofelis, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. Amplification products were detected from four of the affected animals using primers specific for the 16S rRNA gene of M. haemofelis and Alycoplasma haemocanis. Product from one of the animals was sequenced and internal primers were designed from the resulting sequence to perform a nested PCR assay. Samples from 10 reindeer were positive using the nested PCR reaction and products from seven animals were sequenced; BLAST searches and phylogenetic analysis were performed on the resulting sequences. Sequence data from six animals revealed homology to an organism most closely related to Alycoplasma ovis, Mycoplasma wenyonii, and Mycoplasma haemolamae; sequence from a single animal was most closely related to M. haemofelis and M. haemocanis. This represents the first identification of a haemomycoplasma species in reindeer. Although several animals were also infected with abomasal nematodes, the presence of this newly described haemomycoplasma may have contributed to the anemic syndrome. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stoffregen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bstoffre@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 071EC UT WOS:000239580000004 PM 16870847 ER PT J AU Gipson, C Wigglesworth, C AF Gipson, Chester Wigglesworth, Carol TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NIH, Off Lab Anim Welf, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gipson, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 070TD UT WOS:000239546100005 PM 16582893 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G TI NMR characterization of dihydrosterculic acid and its methyl ester SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FATTY-ACIDS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; PROBES AB Cyclopropane FA occur in nature in the phosphoplipids of bacterial membranes, in Oils containing cyclopropene FA, and in Litchi sinensis oil. Dihydrosterculic acid (2-octyl cyclopropaneoctanoic acid) and its methyl ester were selected for H-1 and C-13 NMR analysis as compounds representative of cyclopropane FA. The 3-00 MHz H-1 NMR spectra acquired with CDCl3 as solvent show two individual peaks at -0.30 and 0.60 ppm for the methylene protons of the cyclopropane ring. Assignments were made with the aid of 2D correlations. In accordance with previous literature, the upfield signal is assigned to the cis proton and the downtield signal to the trans proton. This signal of the trans proton is resolved from the peak of the two methine protons of the cyclopropane ring, which is located at 0.68 ppm. The four protons attached to the two methylene carbons alpha to the cyclopropane ring also show a split signal. Two of these protons, one from each methylene moiety, display a distinct shift at 1.17 ppm, and the signal of the other two protons is observed at 1.40 ppm, within the broad methylene peak. The characteristic peaks in the C-13 spectra are also assigned. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s11745-006-5110-x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 054KC UT WOS:000238374400008 PM 16808153 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Bakhiet, RA AF Chen, CY Bakhiet, RA TI Age decreased steady-state concentrations of genistein in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle in Sprague-Dawley rats SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE age; genistein; liver; plasma; skeletal muscled; soy ID SOY ISOFLAVONES; DAIDZEIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; WOMEN; BIOAVAILABILITY; EXCRETION; BLOOD; PHYTOESTROGENS; CONSUMPTION; GLUCURONIDE AB Soy isoflavones are associated with low incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hormone-dependent cancers, but no solid information is available on the relative deposition of isoflavones in the body as a function of age. One-year-old (adult) male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet or one of three high-genistein isoflavone (HGI) diets at a dose of 62, 154, or 308 genistein mg/kg (ppm) diet for 5 weeks; 2-year-old (old) were fed a dose of 154 or 308 ppm. Steady-state genistein concentrations in plasma, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle of the adult rats after 12 h fast revealed a linear dose-dependent manner (P <= 0.0001). However, there was no such relationship in the old rats. Nevertheless, old rats fed the 308 ppm genistein diet had significantly lower steady-state genistein concentrations in plasma and liver than the adult rats did (P <= 0.05); but similar genistein concentration in muscle. The results of this study indicate that steady-state genistein concentrations in tissues of adult rats after 12 h fast exhibited a dose-dependent fashion and were diminished in specific tissues by age. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD APR PY 2006 VL 127 IS 4 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.12.003 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 026ER UT WOS:000236320800004 PM 16420957 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Zhao, Y Bottner, KD AF Lee, IM Zhao, Y Bottner, KD TI SecY gene sequence analysis for finer differentiation of diverse strains in the aster yellows phytoplasma group SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE aster yellows; phytoplasma; ribosomal protein gene; SecY gene ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASES; DNA AB Aster yellows (AY) group (16SrI) phytoplasmas are associated with more than 100 economically important diseases worldwide and represent the most diverse and widespread phytoplasma group. Phylogenetic analysis of secY gene sequences resolved 10 genetically distinct lineages. The 10 lineages coincide with those delineated by phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences. However, greater genetic variability among the 10 lineages was revealed based oil secY gene sequences. The distinct phylogenetic lineages can be readily identified through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of secY gene sequences. Ten subgroups were differentiated among the AY group phytoplasmas based oil RFLP analysis of secY gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on secY gene sequences in this study, and previous studies oil the 16S rRNA gene, tuf gene, and rp gene sequences reinforced the notion that most subgroups identified by RFLP analysis of secY and rp gene sequences represent distinct phylogenetic lineages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.10.001 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 028RH UT WOS:000236505500003 PM 16330183 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ Suarez, C Solis, K Holmes, KA Thomas, SE Ismaiel, A Evans, HC AF Samuels, Gary J. Suarez, Carmen Solis, Karina Holmes, Keith A. Thomas, Sarah E. Ismaiel, Adnan Evans, Harry C. TI Trichoderma theobromicola and T-paucisporum: two new species isolated from cacao in South America SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Hydrocrea; Moniliophthora roreri; Theobroma cacao ID FROSTY POD ROT; GENUS TRICHODERMA; AGENTS; MYCOPARASITES; GERMINATION; PHYLOGENY; SOIL AB Trichoderma theobromicola and T. paucisporum spp. nov. are described. Trichoderma theobromicola was isolated as an endophyte from the trunk of a healthy cacao tree (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae) in Amazonian Peru; it sporulates profusely on common mycological media. Trichoderma paucisporum is represented by two cultures that were obtained in Ecuador from cacao pods partially infected with frosty pod rot, Moniliophthora roreri; it sporulates sporadically and most cultures remain sterile on common media and autoclaved rice. It sporulates more reliably on synthetic low-nutrient agar (SNA) but produces few conidia. Trichoderma theobromicola was reintroduced into cacao seedlings through shoot inoculation and was recovered from stems but not from leaves, indicating that it is an endophytic species. Both produced a volatile/diffusable antibiotic that inhibited development of M. roreri in vitro and on-pod trials. Neither species demonstrated significant direct in vitro mycoparasitic activity against M. roreri. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INIAP, Estac Expt Trop Pichilingue, Dept Nacl Protecc Vegetal, Los Rios, Ecuador. CABI Biosci Ascot, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary@nt.ars-grin.gov OI Holmes, Keith/0000-0003-4534-2680 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 110 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.01.009 PN 4 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 062YC UT WOS:000238981900003 PM 16621496 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Bandyopadhyay, R Carras, MM Pazoutova, S AF Tooley, Paul W. Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit Carras, Marie M. Pazoutova, Sylvie TI Analysis of Claviceps africana and C-sorghi from India using AFLPs, EF-1 alpha gene intron 4, and beta-tubulin gene intron 3 SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Clavicipitaceae; coevolution; ergot; molecular phylogeny; Sorghum ID ERGOT PATHOGEN; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SP-NOV; AUSTRALIA; PURPUREA; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; DISTANCE AB Isolates of Claviceps causing ergot on sorghum in India were analysed by AFLP analysis, and by analysis of DNA sequences of the EF-1 alpha gene intron 4 and beta-tubulin gene intron 3 region. Of 89 isolates assayed from six states in India, four were determined to be C. sorghi, and the rest C. africana. A relatively low level of genetic diversity was observed within the Indian C. africana population. No evidence of genetic exchange between C. africana and C. sorghi was observed in either AFLP or DNA sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using DNA sequences from 14 different Claviceps species. A multigene phylogeny based on the EF-1 alpha gene intron 4, the beta-tubulin gene intron 3 region, and rDNA showed that C. sorghi grouped most closely with C. gigantea and C. africana. Although the Claviceps species we analysed were closely related, they colonize hosts that are taxonomically very distinct suggesting that there is no direct coevolubon of Claviceps with its hosts. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Microbiol, CR-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 110 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.12.006 PN 4 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 062YC UT WOS:000238981900009 PM 16563714 ER PT J AU Muthusubramanian, V Bandyopadhyay, R Reddy, DR Tooley, PW AF Muthusubramanian, Venkateshwaran Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit Rajaram Reddy, Daram Tooley, Paul W. TI Cultural characteristics, morphology, and variation within Claviceps africana and C-sorghi from India SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Clavicipitaceae; ergot; population biology; Sorghum ID ERGOT PATHOGEN; AUSTRALIA; DISEASE; CONIDIATION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA; JAPAN AB Sorghum ergot in India is caused by Claviceps africana and C. sorghi. The distributions of these two species in India is not known. Eighty-nine sorghum ergot isolates were cultured from young sphacelia obtained from male sterile sorghum plants artificially inoculated using inoculum collected in the field. Based on cultural characteristics, the isolates were separated into two groups which differed distinctly in the morphology of their sphacelia, conidia, and sclerotia. Marked differences also were observed in rates of secondary conidial production and disease spread between the groups. In combination with molecular evidence, our results confirm that the isolates placed in Group I represent C. africana and Group II isolates represent C. sorghi. C. africana was found to be widely distributed in all sorghum growing areas of India. The species first described as occuring in India, C. sorghi, appears to be restricted to a few locations in the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Acharya NG Ranga Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Hyderabad 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 110 BP 452 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.12.005 PN 4 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 062YC UT WOS:000238981900010 PM 16556494 ER PT J AU Lastra, CCL Siri, A Garcia, JJ Eilenberg, J Humber, RA AF Lastra, CCL Siri, A Garcia, JJ Eilenberg, J Humber, RA TI Entomophthora ferdinandii (Zygomycetes : Entomophthorales) causing natural infections of Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae) in Argentina SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic fungi; Entomophthora muscae species complex; house flies; new geographical record; poultry house ID GENUS ENTOMOPHTHORA; CONIDIA; COMPLEX; FLIES AB The identity and activity of an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the Entomophthora muscae species complex and infecting Musca domestica in poultry houses from La Plata, Argentina, is reported. Entomophthora caused natural infections between September 2001 and September 2003. Primary conidia of this fungus were on average 29.5 +/- 1.2 x 23.4 +/- 2.4 mu m and contained, on average, 10.5 +/- 0.1 nuclei (range: 7-15) with an average diameter of 4.8 +/- 0.1 mu m. This fungus is identified as E. ferdinandii Keller (this specific epithet includes a nomenclaturally required spelling correction); this is a first record of E. ferdinandii in South America and of any member of the E. muscae species complex from flies in Argentina. C1 Univ Nacl La Plata, CEPAVE, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Sci Res Comm Buenos Aires Prov, CIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. USDA ARS Plant, Soil Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lastra, CCL (reprint author), Univ Nacl La Plata, CEPAVE, Calle 2 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RI Eilenberg, Jorgen/F-7444-2014 OI Eilenberg, Jorgen/0000-0002-9273-5252 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD APR PY 2006 VL 161 IS 4 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-0248-2 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 024PM UT WOS:000236208400010 PM 16552490 ER PT J AU Cole, DN Spildie, DR AF Cole, DN Spildie, DR TI Restoration of plant cover in subalpine forests disturbed by camping: Success of transplanting SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE compost; ecological restoration; recreation impacts; soil amendments; wilderness ID NATIONAL-PARK; SWISS ALPS; ESTABLISHMENT; REVEGETATION; WILDERNESS; TIMBERLINE; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; COLORADO; AREAS AB Camping has severely impacted soil and vegetation in many natural areas. Effective techniques for restoring native vegetation are needed, particularly at high elevation. This study assessed the effectiveness of transplanting and restoration treatments designed to improve the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soils (scarification and amendments of organic matter, compost, and soil inoculum), and ameliorate microclimatic conditions (application of a biodegradable mulch mat) on six closed campsites in subalpine forests in Oregon. Most transplants (68%) were still alive seven years after transplanting. Mean area and height of surviving transplants increased 39% and 19%, respectively, over the seven years. Transplanting success varied among species. Graminoids survived most frequently, while tree species grew most rapidly. Only 45% of the shrub transplants survived and the canopy area of most survivors decreased. Shrubs constitute about 70% of the undisturbed groundcover. The soil amendments, particularly addition of compost and organic matter, increased the growth of transplants but had little effect on survivorship. Effects were most pronounced for graminoids and diminished after the fourth year of the experiment. The application of a biodegradable mulch mat had no effect. Transplanting locally collected plants is an effective means of accelerating the restoration of damaged campsites in these subalpine forests. However, the more elaborate treatments were only modestly successful in increasing transplanting success. They did not overcome the difficulty of restoring sustainable populations of the shrubs Vaccinium scoparium and Phyllodoce empetriformis. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dcole@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[168:ROPCIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 036KV UT WOS:000237070900007 ER PT J AU Davis, KB AF Davis, Kenneth B. TI Management of physiological stress in finfish aquaculture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 134th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL-CATFISH; DISEASE RESISTANCE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; POSTSTRESS CORTISOL; LOW RESPONSIVENESS AB Physiological stress is a nonspecific response common to all vertebrate organisms initiated by many types of environmental changes. Stress in fish can be characterized by physiological changes such as plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and electrolyte concentrations and is quantitatively related to the severity and longevity of the stressor. A hierarchy is evident among the physiological changes, such that adrenalin from activation of the sympathetic nervous system is released most rapidly, followed by cortisol, and then glucose. Plasma electrolyte disturbances may not occur until the stress is severe and present for an extended time. Adrenalin increases plasma glucose by stimulating liver glycogenolysis, which represents a metabolic energy cost to the fish. The functions of cortisol include possible induction of gluconeogenesis and suppression of the inflammatory response. Maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis is an energetically expensive process, and disturbances deplete energy reserves. Recent experiments have shown the importance of distinguishing between acute and chronic responses to stress. Acute responses to stressors may be beneficial to the fish and extend their normal adaptive ability, whereas chronic exposure to stressful conditions may result in decreased performance or survival. The physiological stress response in fish culture has been shown to be altered by hatchery conditions and genetic selection. Management practices and selection pressures affect the stress response, which requires that the ultimate use of the fish be considered during rearing. Commercial food fish aquaculture, which involves rearing fish at very high densities, requires minimizing stressors such as water-quality deterioration, disease treatment, and handling to maintain healthy growing fish. Fish raised for stocking into the wild might benefit from a more robust stress response to prepare them for survival in a natural environment. Present information does not allow for the selection of the most desirable stress response profile that would benefit fish reared for different purposes. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kbdavis@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1577/A05-007.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 043MH UT WOS:000237604700002 ER PT J AU Lankford, SE Weber, GM AF Lankford, SE Weber, GM TI Associations between plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and cortisol with stress responsiveness and growth performance in a selective breeding program for rainbow trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 134th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; IGF-I; ENDOCRINOLOGY; GLUCOSE; KISUTCH; MODE; FISH AB The National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture is conducting a selective breeding program to improve the germplasm of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for aquaculture. Two lines are being selected for improved growth. We previously found a positive correlation between stress responsiveness, indicated by plasma cortisol concentration after a 3-h confinement stressor, and growth performance, indicated by body weight at selection (approximately 300 d posthatching [dph]). in families from the first line. This correlation is confirmed for the second line in the present study. In addition to stressor-induced cortisol levels, resting plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). and cortisol concentrations were measured in the second line as a first step in determining the physiological and genetic bases for growth performance variation and the association between stress responsiveness and growth performance in our germiplasm. Hormone levels were compared against two measures of growth: body weight and thermal growth coefficient (TGC). Plasma concentrations of IGF-I and GH in resting fish were not correlated with stress responsiveness and thus provided no link between stress responsiveness and the growth regulatory axis. The TGC was negatively correlated with resting plasma GH and cortisol and positively correlated with IGF-I, whereas only GH was correlated with body weight at 297 dph. Our results suggest that the variation in growth performance among our broodstock families is explained, in part. by variations in resting levels of the growth regulatory and stress axes. In addition, TGC more accurately predicted future growth-body weight at 459 dph-than did body weight at 297 dph. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Weber, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM gweber@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1577/A05-014.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 043MH UT WOS:000237604700005 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT AF Silverstein, JT TI Relationships among feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth in juvenile rainbow trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 134th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; CHANNEL CATFISH; BROWN TROUT; ENERGY-UTILIZATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; SELECTION; RATION; DIETS; WILD AB Improving the efficiency of aquaculture production is important for both economic and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this work was to define the relationships between feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency (measured as residual feed intake) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed either to apparent satiation or a limited ration. The results indicated that under an apparent satiation feeding regime, a weak but significant correlation existed between weight gain and residual feed intake (RFI; r = -0.31, P < 0.04). When fed a limited ration, the correlation between weight gain and RFI was stronger (r = -0.57, P < 0.001). Genetic differences between family groups were detected only under the apparent satiation feeding regime and not under limited feeding. Although these experiments were conducted on different groups of fish, it appears that the variation in RFI was greater in satiation-fed fish than in fish fed a limited ration (coefficient of variation = 174% versus 33%). Estimates of residual feed intake measured on individuals from full-sib families and on groups of individuals from the same families were correlated (r = 0.66, P = 0.03), suggesting that the feed efficiency measured on individually reared fish captures a trait expressed in social groups as well. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Silverstein, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jsilvers@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1577/A05-010.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 043MH UT WOS:000237604700007 ER PT J AU Bachman, CM Baranowski, T Nicklas, TA AF Bachman, CM Baranowski, T Nicklas, TA TI Is there an association between sweetened beverages and adiposity? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE caloric intake; glycemic index; liquid foods and satiety; milk displacement; sweetened beverages ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FOOD-GROUP CONSUMPTION; AFFECTS ENERGY-INTAKE; FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP; GLYCEMIC INDEX; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; US CHILDREN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; OVERWEIGHT SUBJECTS AB Four mechanisms were reviewed to explain the possible association between sweetened beverages and increased overweight or obesity: excess caloric intake, glycemic index and glycemic load, lack of effect of liquid calories on satiety, and displacement of milk. The findings were inconsistent across studies. The strongest support was for the excess caloric intake hypothesis, but the findings were not conclusive. Assigning possible links between sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity requires research that compares and contrasts specific mechanisms, especially in populations at risk for obesity, while controlling for likely confounding variables. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu NR 113 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 16 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2006 VL 64 IS 4 BP 153 EP 174 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.apr.153-174 PG 22 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 036AR UT WOS:000237043600001 PM 16673752 ER PT J AU Shen, HQ Qi, L Tai, ES Chew, SK Tan, CE Ordovas, JM AF Shen, HQ Qi, L Tai, ES Chew, SK Tan, CE Ordovas, JM TI Uncoupling protein 2 promoter polymorphism-866G/A, central adiposity, and metabolic syndrome in Asians SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE uncoupling protein 2; polymorphism; metabolic syndrome; Asians ID MIDDLE-AGED HUMANS; COMMON POLYMORPHISM; LIPID-LEVELS; GENE; UCP2; OBESITY; RISK; EXPRESSION; TISSUE AB A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866G/A has been associated with its expression levels in adipose tissue, the risk of obesity, and metabolic abnormalities. Our purpose was to examine the associations of -866G/A with body fat and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a random sample of 4018 Asians (1858 men and 2160 women) from three ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian). The minor allele frequency of -866G/A polymorphism in South Asians was similar to that in whites. After adjustment for covariates including age, cigarette smoking, and physical activity, the -866A/A genotype was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio as compared with the wild-type genotype in Chinese and Indian men (p = 0.018 and p = 0.046, respectively). Moreover, Indian men with -866A/A genotype had a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those homozygous for the wild-type (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 5.88; p = 0.015). Such a risk was mainly caused by the excess presence of hypertriglyceridemia and central obesity. Our findings indicate that the uncoupling protein 2 gene -866G/A polymorphism may increase the risks of central obesity and metabolic syndrome, with greater effects on Asian men. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Singapore, Singapore. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD APR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.74 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 056LP UT WOS:000238524700004 PM 16741267 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, RW Cronin, JT Klepzig, KD Moser, JC Ayres, MP AF Hofstetter, RW Cronin, JT Klepzig, KD Moser, JC Ayres, MP TI Antagonisms, mutualisms and commensalisms affect outbreak dynamics of the southern pine beetle SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE feedback; cungi; mites; mutualism; population dynamics ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BARK BEETLES; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; BLUESTAIN FUNGUS; TARSONEMUS-MITES; MYCANGIAL FUNGI AB Feedback from community interactions involving mutualisms are a rarely explored mechanism for generating complex population dynamics. We examined the effects of two linked mutualisms on the population dynamics of a beetle that exhibits outbreak dynamics. One mutualism involves an obligate association between the bark beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis and two mycangial fungi. The second mutualism involves Tarsonemus mites that are phoretic on D. frontalis ("commensal"), and a blue-staining fungus, Ophiostoma minus. The presence of O. minus reduces beetle larval survival ("antagonistic") by outcompeting beetle-mutualistic fungi within trees yet supports mite populations by acting as a nutritional mutualist. These linked interactions potentially create an interaction system with the form of an endogenous negative feedback loop. We address four hypotheses: (1) Direct negative feedback: Beetles directly increase the abundance of O. minus, which reduces per capita reproduction of beetles. (2) Indirect negative feedback: Beetles indirectly increase mite abundance, which increases O. minus, which decreases beetle reproduction. (3) The effect of O. minus on beetles depends on mites, but mite abundance is independent of beetle abundance. (4) The effect of O. minus on beetles is independent of beetle and mite abundance. High Tarsonemus and O. minus abundances were strongly correlated with the decline and eventual local extinction of beetle populations. Manipulation experiments revealed strong negative effects of O. minus on beetles, but falsified the hypothesis that horizontal transmission of O. minus generates negative feedback. Surveys of beetle populations revealed that reproductive rates of Tarsonemus, O. minus, and beetles covaried in a manner consistent with strong indirect interactions between organisms. Co-occurrence of mutualisms embedded within a community may have stabilizing effects if both mutualisms limit each other. However, delays and/or non-linearities in the interaction systems may result in large population fluctuations. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hofstetter, RW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Rich.Hofstetter@nau.edu NR 80 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2006 VL 147 IS 4 BP 679 EP 691 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0312-0 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024PH UT WOS:000236207900013 PM 16323015 ER PT J AU Menzel, JM Ford, WM Edwards, JW Terry, TM AF Menzel, Jennifer M. Ford, W. Mark Edwards, John W. Terry, Tamara M. TI Home range and habitat use of the Vulnerable Virginia northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus in the Central Appalachian Mountains, USA SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Central Appalachian Mountains; Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus; northern hardwoods; spruce; telemetry; USA; Virginia northern flying squirrel ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; WESTERN OREGON; TRIANGULATION; FOREST; ERROR; POPULATIONS; COLORATUS; SELECTION; TELEMETRY; SIZE AB The Virginia northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus is a Vulnerable sciurid that has experienced a 90% reduction of suitable high elevation boreal montane forest habitat over the last century in the central Appalachians of West Virginia and Virginia, USA. Using radiotelemetry and GIS analyses we examined the species' home range size and habitat use in the Monongahela National Forest, Kumbrabow State Forest and the MeadWestvaco Ecosystem Research Forest in West Virginia during the summers of 2000-2003. The mean home range sizes of male and female squirrels were 54.2 and 15.3 ha, respectively, based on the adaptive kernel method. Euclidean distance analysis indicated the squirrels used spruce, mixed spruce-northern hardwood, and open habitats more than was available across the landscape. Selection of spruce and mixed spruce-northern hardwood habitats indicates that forest management activities designed to restore and increase these types in the central Appalachian landscape are required to conserve and increase this Vulnerable species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), 1235 Grand View Dr, Mableton, GA 30126 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD APR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1017/S0030605306000494 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052BM UT WOS:000238205600021 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Sawaya, AL Martins, PA McCrory, MA Roberts, SB AF Hoffman, DJ Sawaya, AL Martins, PA McCrory, MA Roberts, SB TI Comparison of techniques to evaluate adiposity in stunted and nonstunted children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE body composition; BMI; stunting; obesity; developing countries ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-MASS INDEX; FAT-FREE BODY; WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT; BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LOW-PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; HYDRATION; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVE. The use of anthropometric measures (eg, skinfold thicknesses, BMI) to assess obesity is not without controversy and has not been explored with respect to the use among groups of children with growth retardation (ie, stunting). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether growth retardation affects the accuracy of field methods for assessing body composition in children. METHODS. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 stunted children and 30 nonstunted children who were matched for age- and weight-for-height z score and living in the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage of body fat [%BF]) was measured by (H2O)-O-18 dilution (reference technique) using group-specific values for the hydration of fat-free mass and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. BMI and body composition that were calculated from 3 pediatric skinfold prediction equations were evaluated for accuracy of %BF in comparison with the reference technique. RESULTS. Stunted children were shorter and weighed less than nonstunted children, but BMI did not differ significantly between groups. All 3 skinfold equations tested resulted in a calculated %BF that was significantly lower than that measured by (H2O)-O-18 dilution for both stunted and nonstunted groups, and %BF as calculated by any of the skinfold equations tested did not significantly predict %BF by (H2O)-O-18 dilution. In contrast, BMI significantly predicted %BF in both stunted and nonstunted children, and this relationship did not differ by growth status. CONCLUSION. BMI but not skinfolds significantly predicted %BF measured by (H2O)-O-18 dilution. The relationship between BMI and %BF did not differ between stunted and nonstunted children; this indicates that BMI can be used in field studies of obesity and stunting. However, the prediction of %BF by BMI is relatively poor in both groups of children, and continued investigation of more accurate field methods for measuring %BF is warranted. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Endocrine Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Bastyr Univ, Sch Nutr & Exercise Sci, Kenmore, WA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, 26 Nichol Ave 228B, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dhoffman@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Martins, Paula/E-7161-2011; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 OI Martins, Paula/0000-0002-3857-1656; NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2006 VL 117 IS 4 BP E725 EP E732 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0779 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 029EA UT WOS:000236540500016 PM 16585285 ER PT J AU Baker, LG Spaine, P Covert, SF AF Baker, L. G. Spaine, P. Covert, S. F. TI Effect of surface wettability on germination and gene expression in Cronartium quercuum f. sp fusiforme basidiospores SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cronartium quercuum f. sp fusiforme; basidiospore; germination; wettability; EST ID RUST FUNGUS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; INFECTION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; HYDROPHOBICITY; UREDINALES; RESISTANCE; ADHESION AB Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme is an obligate pathogen of pine and oak. Its basidiospores are specifically adapted to recognize and establish infections on the pine host. Depending on environmental cues, the basidiospores can germinate directly, which typically leads to infection of pine, or indirectly, which usually results in formation of secondary basidiospores. We investigated how changes in surface wettability, or hydrophilicity, affect basidiospore germination. When we decreased surface wettability, the direct germination and total germination (direct + indirect) frequencies increased. Additionally, there was a critical threshold between 42% and 54% wettability, at which the basidiospores switched from direct to indirect germination. We conclude that the germination type of C. q. fusiforme basidiospores is influenced by the hydrophilicity of the surface upon which they land. To gain insight into gene expression during basidiospore germination, we made two suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) libraries enriched for genes expressed during each type of germination. A total of 172 unique gene sequences were recovered from the two expression libraries. Annotation of these libraries indicates that they include several clones that may encode rust-specific or basidiomycete-specific functions. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA, So Forest Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Baker, LG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bakerlg2@slu.edu; pspaine@uga.edu; covert@uga.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4-6 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2006.10.002 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 147NR UT WOS:000245010200009 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Rosenberg, I AF Roberts, SB Rosenberg, I TI Nutrition and aging: Changes in the regulation of energy metabolism with aging SO PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; GLUCOSE-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; MEAL-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; BODY-WEIGHT REGULATION; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; Y GENE-EXPRESSION; FOOD-INTAKE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Nutrition and Aging: Changes in the Regulation of Energy Metabolism With Aging. Physiol Rev 86: 651-667, 2006; doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2005.-Changes in energy regulation occur during normal aging and contribute to the common phenomenon of weight and fat losses late in life. This review synthesizes data on aging-related changes in energy intake and energy expenditure and on the regulation of energy intake and expenditure. The ability of older adults to accurately regulate energy intake is impaired, with a number of possible explanations including delayed rate of absorption of macronutrients secondary to reductions in taste and smell acuity and numerous hormonal and metabolic mediators of energy regulation that change with aging. There are also changes in patterns of dietary intake and a reduction in the variety of foods consumed in old age that are thought to further reduce energy intake. Additionally, all components of energy expenditure decrease with aging, in particular energy expenditure for physical activity and basal metabolic rate, and the ability of energy expenditure to increase or decrease to attenuate energy imbalance during overeating or undereating also decreases. Combined, these changes result in an increased susceptibility to energy imbalance (both positive and negative) in old age that is associated with deteriorations in health. Practical interventions for prevention of weight and fat fluctuations in old age are anticipated here based on emerging knowledge of the role of such factors as dietary variety, taste, and palatability in late-life energy regulation. C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu NR 199 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0031-9333 J9 PHYSIOL REV JI Physiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 651 EP 667 DI 10.1152/physrev.00019.2005 PG 17 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 033VC UT WOS:000236878000006 PM 16601270 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Martin, FN Carras, MM Frederick, RD AF Tooley, PW Martin, FN Carras, MM Frederick, RD TI Real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction detection of Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora pseudosyringae using mitochondrial gene regions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coxI; coxII ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; TILLETIA-INDICA; DNA-POLYMERASE; EXTENSIVE SET; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; CALIFORNIA; PATHOGEN AB A real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method for the Sudden oak death pathogen Phytopthora ramorum was developed based on mitochondrial DNA sequence with an ABI Prism 7700 (TaqMan) Sequence Detection System. primers and probes were also developed for detecting P. pseudosyringae, a newly described species that causes symptoms similar to P. ramorum on certain hosts. The species-specific primer-probe systems were combined in a multiplex assay with a plant primer-probe system to allow plant DNA present in extracted samples to serve as a positive control in each reaction. The lower limit of detection of P. ramorum DNA was 1 fg of genomic DNA, lower than for many other described PCR procedures for detecting Phytophthora species. The assay was also used in a three-way multiplex format to simultaneously detect P ramorum, P pseudosyringae, and plant DNA in a single tube. P ramorum was detected down to a 10(-5) dilution of extracted tissue of artificially infected rhododendron 'Cunningham's White', and the amount of pathogen DNA present in the infected tissue was estimated using a standard Curve. The Multiplex assay was also used to detect P. ramorum in infected California field samples from several hosts determined to contain the pathogen by other methods. The real-time PCR assay we describe is highly sensitive and specific, and has several advantages over conventional PCR assays used for P. ramorum detection to confirm positive P. ramorum finds in nurseries and elsewhere. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 336 EP 345 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0336 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 029XL UT WOS:000236597600001 PM 18943415 ER PT J AU Rolshausen, PE Mahoney, NE Molyneux, RJ Gubler, WD AF Rolshausen, PE Mahoney, NE Molyneux, RJ Gubler, WD TI Reassessment of the species concept in Eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback of grapevine SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vegetative compatibility groups; xylariales ID DYING-ARM DISEASE; TOXIN EUTYPINE; VITIS-VINIFERA; DIATRYPACEAE; ARMENIACAE; PATHOGEN; STRAINS; FUNGUS; PCR; METABOLITES AB Eutypa dieback is a vascular disease of several cultivated crops and trees worldwide. The attribution of the name to the agent responsible for branch dieback is ambiguous. Pathogenicity of Eutypa sp. first was reported on apricot and the Causal agent was named E. armeniacae. However. no morphological differences were reported with the previously described E. lata, and some authors considered both species synonymous. Others regarded them as distinct species oil the basis of pathogenesis and molecular analysis. We further investigated the relatedness of both species by phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and beta-tubulin gene. These analyses included several other taxa placed in the same family (Diatrypaceae), and yielded three groups. The isolates referred to as E. lata in previous work clustered with Diatrype stigma in one group. Isolates of E. armeniacae and E. lata clustered in a Second group, Supporting the synonymy of these species. The third group included other Eutypa spp. supporting the polyphyletic origin of this genus. Measurements of conidia length and secondary metabolite production of isolates supported the phylogenetic analyses. Secondary metabolites appeared to be a synapomorphic character shared by several taxa including L. lata. E. armeniacae, E. laevata, and E. petrakii var. petrakii. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Rolshausen, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM perolshausen@ucdavis.edu NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0369 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 029XL UT WOS:000236597600004 PM 18943418 ER PT J AU Moyer-Henry, KA Burton, JW Israel, D Rufty, T AF Moyer-Henry, K. A. Burton, J. W. Israel, D. W. Rufty, T. W. TI Nitrogen transfer between plants: A N-15 natural abundance study with crop and weed species SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizae; N-2 fixation; 15N natural abundance; N transfer ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; N-2 FIXATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; REDUCTION ACTIVITY; SENNA-OBTUSIFOLIA; FIXED NITROGEN; MAIZE; INTERCROPS AB An increasing amount of evidence indicates that N can be transferred between plants. Nonetheless, a number of fundamental questions remain. A series of experiments was initiated in the field to examine N transfer between N-2-fixing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) varieties and a non-nodulating soybean, and between N-2-fixing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) or soybean and neighboring weed species. The experiments were conducted in soils with low N fertilities and used differences in N accumulation and/or N-15 natural abundance to estimate N transfer. Mixtures of N-2-fixing and non-nod soybean indicated that substantial inter-plant N transfer occurred. Amounts were variable, ranging from negligible levels to 48% of the N found in the non-nod at maturity. Transfer did not appear to strongly penalize the N-2-fixing donor plants. But, in cases where high amounts of N were transferred, N content of donors was noticeably lowered. Differences were evident in the amount of N transferred from different N-2-fixing donor genotypes. Results of experiments with N-2-fixing crops and the weed species prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia [L.] Irwin & Barneby) also indicated substantial N transfer occurred over a 60-day period, with amounts accounting for 30-80% of the N present in the weeds. Transfer of N, however, was generally very low in weed species that are known to be non-hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizae (yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. and Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri [S.] Watson). The results are consistent with the view that N transfer occurs primarily through mycorrhizal hyphal networks, and they reveal that N transfer may be a contributing factor to weed problems in N-2-fixing crops in low N fertility conditions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rufty, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_rufty@ncsu.edu NR 51 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2006 VL 282 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-3081-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 056DO UT WOS:000238501700002 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Short-term responses of soil C and N fractions to tall fescue endophyte infection SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE macroaggregates; microbial activity; microbial biomass; mineralizable nitrogen; organic carbon; soil aggregation ID ORGANIC-MATTER; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; NITROGEN POOLS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; CARBON; PLANT; DECOMPOSITION; PARTICULATE AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is naturally infected with a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum, which produces toxic ergot alkaloids that negatively affect herbivores and that may alter soil organic matter dynamics. A 60-week mesocosm study with a factorial arrangement of soil type (clay loam and loamy sand) and endophyte infection (with and without) was conducted to determine potential changes in soil C and N fractions. Forage and root dry-matter production were greater with than without endophyte infection, while forage C and N concentrations were unaffected. Total, particulate, mineralizable, and aggregate-associated C and N fractions increased several fold during the course of the experiment due to large rhizosphere inputs in all treatments. The fraction of total C and N in water-stable macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) was initially 0.43 +/- 0.10 and 0.46 +/- 0.16, respectively, and increased during the course of the experiment to 0.68 +/- 0.06 and 0.56 +/- 0.15 when averaged across soil type and endophyte infection level as a result of organic matter cycling and deposition in this active biophysical fraction. Changes in soil C and N fractions due to endophyte infection were minimal. The lack of detectable changes in soil C and N fractions due to endophyte infection may have been a result of the overwhelming input of C from roots and/or the relatively short-term nature (60 weeks). Greater plant productivity of endophyte-infected tall fescue is likely a contributing mechanism for eventual changes in total and active C and N fractions that have been observed in long-term pastures. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2006 VL 282 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-5447-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 056DO UT WOS:000238501700013 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Weiland, JJ Aasheim, ML Hunger, S Borchardt, DC Lewellen, RT AF Friesen, TL Weiland, JJ Aasheim, ML Hunger, S Borchardt, DC Lewellen, RT TI Identification of a SCAR marker associated with Bm, the beet mosaic virus resistance gene, on chromosome 1 of sugar beet SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; RAPD; SNP; virus yellows ID BETA-VULGARIS L; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; PRIMARY TRISOMICS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; INHERITANCE; LINKAGE; ASSIGNMENT; REGIONS; LOCI AB Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) is an aphid transmitted, viral disease of beet found worldwide. The Bm gene, a resistance gene effective against BtMV, was identified in the sugar beet line 8500 and backcrossed into a C37 background to produce line C719. Three populations were developed from the cross of line C719 with the susceptible line C37 with the intent of developing markers for use in marker-assisted selection. The F-2 progeny of three crosses were scored for resistance. Two of the three populations conformed to a 3 : 1 ratio, indicating a single gene trait. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed by using bulked segregant analysis combined with random amplified polymorphic DNA type markers. The markers showed close association to the Bm resistance gene and were effective in all three populations. The A(1) allele for genetic male sterility also was found to be associated with Bm and the SCAR marker. Development of a single-nucleotide polymorphism marker from the SCAR sequence was used to validate linkage to chromosome 1 using separate mapping populations. This marker will be useful for the introgression of the Bm gene into germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Program Biotechnol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. PLANTA GmbH, D-37555 Einbeck, Germany. KWS SAAT AG, D-37555 Einbeck, Germany. USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM weilandj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2006 VL 125 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01179.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 024DG UT WOS:000236174600011 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Griffis, TJ Baker, JM AF Zhang, J Griffis, TJ Baker, JM TI Using continuous stable isotope measurements to partition net ecosystem CO2 exchange SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE discrimination; isotopic disequilibrium; Keeling plot; partition; photosynthesis ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL RESPIRATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Ecosystem-scale estimation of photosynthesis and respiration using micrometeorological techniques remains an important, yet difficult, challenge. In this study, we combined micrometeorological and stable isotope methods to partition net ecosystem CO2 exchange (F-N) into photosynthesis (F-A) and respiration (F-R) in a corn-soybean rotation ecosystem during the summer 2003 corn phase. Mixing ratios of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 were measured continuously using tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption spectroscopy. The dynamics of the isotope ratio of ecosystem respiration (delta(R)), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (delta(N)) and photosynthetic discrimination at the canopy scale (Delta(canopy)) were examined. During the period of full canopy closure, F-N was partitioned into photosynthesis and respiration using both the isotopic approach and the conventional night-time-derived regression methodology. Results showed that delta(R) had significant seasonal variation (-32 to -11 parts per thousand) corresponding closely with canopy phenology. Daytime delta(N) typically varied from -12 to -4 parts per thousand, while Delta(canopy) remained relatively constant in the vicinity of 3 parts per thousand. Compared with the regression approach, the isotopic flux partitioning showed more short-term variations and was considerably more symmetric about F-N. In this experiment, the isotopic partitioning resulted in larger uncertainties, most of which were caused by the uncertainties in delta(N) and the daytime estimate of delta(R). By sufficiently reducing these uncertainties, the tunable diode laser (TDL)-micrometeorological technique should yield a better understanding of the processes controlling photosynthesis, respiration and ecosystem-scale discrimination. C1 Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jzhang@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 58 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01425.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 027AT UT WOS:000236385900003 PM 17080601 ER PT J AU Addington, RN Donovan, LA Mitchell, RJ Vose, JM Pecot, SD Jack, SB Hacke, UG Sperry, JS Oren, R AF Addington, RN Donovan, LA Mitchell, RJ Vose, JM Pecot, SD Jack, SB Hacke, UG Sperry, JS Oren, R TI Adjustments in hydraulic architecture of Pinus palustris maintain similar stomatal conductance in xeric and mesic habitats SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat structure; hydraulic conductance; leaf water potential; longleaf pine; stand density; tree height; water relations ID SOIL-MOISTURE GRADIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAPWOOD AREA RATIO; LEAF-AREA; PONDEROSA PINE; LONGLEAF PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; WATER-USE; SAP FLUX; WIREGRASS SAVANNAS AB We investigated relationships between whole-tree hydraulic architecture and stomatal conductance in Pinus palustris Mill. (longleaf pine) across habitats that differed in soil properties and habitat structure. Trees occupying a xeric habitat (characterized by sandy, well-drained soils, higher nitrogen availability and lower overstory tree density) were shorter in stature and had lower sapwood-to-leaf area ratio (A(S):A(L)) than trees in a mesic habitat. The soil-leaf water potential gradient (Psi(S) - Psi(L)) and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (k(L)) were similar between sites, as was tissue-specific hydraulic conductivity (K-S) of roots. Leaf and canopy stomatal conductance (g(S) and G(S), respectively) were also similar between sites, and they tended to be somewhat higher at the xeric site during morning hours when vapour pressure deficit (D) was low. A hydraulic model incorporating tree height, A(S):A(L) and Psi(S) - Psi(L) accurately described the observed variation in individual tree G(Sref) (G(S) at D = 1 kPa) across sites and indicated that tree height was an important determinant of G(Sref) across sites. This, combined with a 42% higher root-to-leaf area ratio (A(R):A(L)) at the xeric site, suggests that xeric site trees are hydraulically well equipped to realize equal - and sometimes higher - potential for conductance compared with trees on mesic sites. However, a slightly more sensitive stomatal closure response to increasing D observed in xeric site trees suggests that this potential for higher conductance may only be reached when D is low and when the capacity of the hydraulic system to supply water to foliage is not greatly challenged. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, SE Forest Expt Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Addington, RN (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 52452, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. EM raddington@tnc.org RI Hacke, Uwe/M-7719-2015; Donovan, Lisa/H-4754-2016 OI Hacke, Uwe/0000-0001-5983-3582; Donovan, Lisa/0000-0001-9814-0666 NR 53 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01430.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 027AT UT WOS:000236385900007 PM 17080605 ER PT J AU Wei, H Dhanaraj, AL Arora, R Rowland, LJ Fu, Y Sun, L AF Wei, H Dhanaraj, AL Arora, R Rowland, LJ Fu, Y Sun, L TI Identification of cold acclimation-responsive Rhododendron genes for lipid metabolism, membrane transport and lignin biosynthesis: importance of moderately abundant ESTs in genomic studies SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aquaporin; cold hardiness; coumarate 3-hydroxylase; desaturation; expressed sequence tags; gated outward rectifying K+ channel; gene expression; moderately abundant cDNAs; phospholipid biosynthesis ID CTP-PHOSPHOCHOLINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; L-CV PUMA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FREEZING TOLERANCE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; FATTY-ACID; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BIOSYNTHESIS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; MALIC ENZYME AB We have previously analysed expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from non-acclimated (NA) and cold-acclimated (CA) Rhododendron leaves, and identified highly abundant complementary DNAs (cDNAs) possibly involved in cold acclimation. A potentially significant, but relatively unexplored, application of these EST data sets is the study of moderately abundant cDNAs, such as those picked only 1-3 times from each Rhododendron EST library containing similar to 430 ESTs. Using statistical tests and Northern blots, we established that the probability of differential expression of moderately abundant cDNAs based on the EST data is, indeed, a reasonably accurate predictor of their 'true' upregulation or downregulation as 11 out of 13 cDNAs (85%) studied fit this criterion. The analyses also revealed four aspects of cold acclimation in Rhododendron leaf tissues. Firstly, the concomitant upregulation of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase, CTP:cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and delta-12 fatty acid desaturase in CA leaf tissues suggests that phospholipid biosynthesis and desaturation are important components of cold hardening in Rhododendron. Secondly, upregulation of plastidic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) in CA tissues suggests that malate is an important source of acetyl-CoA used for fatty acid biosynthesis during cold acclimation. Thirdly, downregulation of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP)2-1 aquaporin and upregulation of gated outward rectifying K+ channel (GORK) in CA tissues may be associated with the protection of overwintering leaves from freeze-induced cellular dehydration. Fourthly, upregulation of coumarate 3-hydroxylase may be associated with cell wall thickening in CA tissues. Physiological implications of these results, which reveal potentially novel regulations of cold acclimation in overwintering woody evergreens, are discussed. This work highlights the importance of also investigating low/moderately abundant ESTs (in addition to highly abundant ones) in genomic studies, in that it offers an effective strategy for identifying stress-related genes, especially when large-scale cDNA sequencing/microarray studies are not possible. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet & Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rarora@iastate.edu NR 73 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 558 EP 570 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01432.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 027AT UT WOS:000236385900009 PM 17080607 ER PT J AU Mackintosh, CA Garvin, DF Radmer, LE Heinen, SJ Muehlbauer, GJ AF Mackintosh, CA Garvin, DF Radmer, LE Heinen, SJ Muehlbauer, GJ TI A model wheat cultivar for transformation to improve resistance to Fusarium head blight SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE apogee; Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; transgenic wheat; Triticum aestivum ID FERTILE TRANSGENIC WHEAT; THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEIN; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; PLANTS; GENE; SCAB; MARKERS; EXPRESSION; BARLEY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is a major disease problem in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic engineering holds significant potential to enhance FHB resistance in wheat. Due to the requirement of screening for FHB resistance on flowers at anthesis, the number of screens carried out in a year is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using the rapid-maturing dwarf wheat cultivar Apogee as an alternative genotype for transgenic FHB resistance research. Our transformation efficiency (number of transgenic plants/number of embryos) for Apogee was 1.33%. Apogee was also found to exhibit high FHB susceptibility and reached anthesis within 4 weeks. Interestingly, microsatellite marker haplotype analysis of the chromosome 3BS FHB resistant quantitative trait locus (QTL) region indicated that this region maybe deleted in Apogee. Our results indicate that Apogee is particularly well suited for accelerating transgenic FHB resistance research and transgenic wheat research in general. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Muehlbauer, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411,Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM muehl003@umn.edu NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0059-4 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024OZ UT WOS:000236207000009 PM 16252090 ER PT J AU Tavva, VS Collins, GB Dinkins, RD AF Tavva, VS Collins, GB Dinkins, RD TI Targeted overexpression of the Escherichia coli MinC protein in higher plants results in abnormal chloroplasts SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE chloroplast division; min proteins; transgenic plants; Escherichia coli ID BACTERIAL-CELL DIVISION; PLASTID DIVISION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; POLE OSCILLATION; TOBACCO PLANTS; INHIBITOR MINC; SITE PLACEMENT; FTSZ; ARABIDOPSIS; SELECTION AB Higher plant chloroplast division involves some of the same types of proteins that are required in prokaryotic cell division. These include two of the three Min proteins, MinD and MinE, encoded by the min operon in bacteria. Noticeably absent from annotated sequences from higher plants is a MinC homologue. A higher plant functional MinC homologue that would interfere with FtsZ polymerization, has yet to be identified. We sought to determine whether expression of the bacterial MinC in higher plants could affect chloroplast division. The Escherichia coli minC (EcMinC) gene was isolated and inserted behind the Arabidopsis thaliana RbcS transit peptide sequence for chloroplast targeting. This TP-EcMinC gene driven by the CaMV 35S(2) constitutive promoter was then transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Abnormally large chloroplasts were observed in the transgenic plants suggesting that overexpression of the E. coli MinC perturbed higher plant chloroplast division. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, USDA, ARS, Anim Forage Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Dinkins, RD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 1405 Vet Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM rdinkins@ars.usda.gov OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 42 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0086-1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024OZ UT WOS:000236207000013 PM 16341725 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE AF Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE TI Characterization and recent advances in detection of strawberry viruses SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Review ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TOBACCO-STREAK-VIRUS; VEIN BANDING VIRUS; LATENT-RINGSPOT-VIRUS; PSEUDO-YELLOWS-VIRUS; APPLE-MOSAIC-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN-SEQUENCE; NECROSIS VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 115 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 384 EP 396 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0384 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900001 ER PT J AU Funnell, DL Pedersen, JF AF Funnell, DL Pedersen, JF TI Association of plant color and pericarp color with colonization of grain by members of Fusarium and Alternaria in near-isogenic sorghum lines SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE food-grade sorghum; Fusarium verticilloides; grain mold; mycotoxigenic fungi; wound inoculation ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; MOLD RESISTANCE; PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS; SECTION LISEOLA; INFECTION; TRAITS; WHEAT; MICROCLIMATE; ACCUMULATION; MONILIFORME AB White sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain from tan plants is more desirable for human or animal consumption. Colonization by Fusarium and Alternaria spp. was assessed for near-isogenic lines differing in wound response (purple or tan) and pericarp color (red or while) in field-grown grain and in green h on se-grown plants. Seeds were screened on a semi-selective medium or Alternaria and Fusarium. Significantly fewer fungal colonies were obtained from tan plants with white seed, and fewer numbers of Alternaria colonies were obtained from white seed, regardless of plant color, from an irrigated field, while there were no differences in fungal composition of seeds grown at a nonirrigated field. Screening of seed from the nonirrigated field on Fusarium semi-selective medium yielded fewer Fusarium isolations from seed grown on purple plants compared with seed from tan plants. When inoculated with Alternaria sp. and E moniliforme, there can be no differences in lesion lengths on tan/white plants when compared with purple/red plants in most assays; in one assay, tan/white plants had smaller lesion lengths following inoculation with F. moniliforme. These results suggest that plants with white seeds were as resistant as plants with the red pericarp, trait to colonization by Alternaria and Fusarium spp. However, the results also suggest that under appropriate environmental conditions seed from tan plants may be more susceptible to Fusarium spp. than seed from purple plants. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dfunnell@un1serve.unl.edu NR 51 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0411 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900004 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Warnock, AE AF Baumgartner, K Warnock, AE TI A soil inoculant inhibits Armillaria mellea in vitro and improves productivity of grapevines with root disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biological control ID METHYL-BROMIDE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ANTAGONISM; ROT; PHYTOPHTHORA; TRICHODERMA; FUMIGATION; SURVIVAL; PYTHIUM; FOREST AB A soil inoculant, Vesta (Biologically Integrated Organics, Inc., Sonoma, CA), was tested for its ability to inhibit Armillaria mellea, causal agent of Armillaria root disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Colony diameter of A. mellea was significantly inhibited by undiluted inoculant (P < 0.0001) and by bacterial isolates cultured from the inoculant (Bacillus subtilis, B. lentimorbus, Comamonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, R mendocina; P < 0.0001) relative to diameter of the nontreated control. Efficacy of the inoculant for postinfection control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine was examined in an A. mellea-infested vineyard in northern California. Inoculant was applied via drip-irrigation to vine rows in replicate blocks in 2003 and 2004. Yield, growth, mineral nutrition, and juice quality parameters of healthy and symptomatic vines were measured in treated and nontreated vine rows. Significantly decreased petiole P and K concentrations and significantly lower soluble solids content in fruit from symptomatic vines demonstrated that Armillaria root disease negatively affects vine mineral nutritional status and fruit quality, findings that have not been previously reported for an agronomic host of A. mellea. The inoculant significantly increased cluster weights of symptomatic vines (109.63 g/cluster), relative to those of symptomatic-nontreated vines (92.05 g/cluster), to levels comparable to those of healthy vines (122.09 g/cluster). However, the inoculant did not decrease the rate of symptom development or mortality of treated vines from 2002 to 2004. The results of our field experiment suggest that the inoculant may not prevent Armillaria root disease, but can provide therapeutic benefit by improving productivity of infected vines. C1 USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0439 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900009 ER PT J AU Romanazzi, G Gabler, FM Smilanick, JL AF Romanazzi, G Gabler, FM Smilanick, JL TI Preharvest chitosan and postharvest UV irradiation treatments suppress gray mold of table grapes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE blue mold; Penicillium sp.; Vitis vinifera ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; INDUCED RESISTANCE; CITRUS-FRUIT; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; PEACH FRUIT; C TREATMENT; STORAGE; BERRIES; INDUCTION; DECAY AB The effectiveness of chitosan treatment of table grapes, alone or in combination with ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation, to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, was determined in California, United States. The influence of these treatments on catechin and resveratrol contents and chitinase activity in grape berry skins also was assessed. Clusters of cvs. Thompson Seedless, Autumn Black, and Emperor were sprayed in the vineyard with 1% chitosan, then harvested daily for 5 days. Promptly after harvest, they were inoculated with B. cinerea. Decay incidence and disease severity were significantly reduced by chitosan, which was most effective on berries harvested I or 2 days after treatment. In another experiment, grape berries were sprayed in the vineyard with chitosan, harvested 2 days later, irradiated for 5 min with UV-C (0.36 J/cm(2)), and inoculated with B. cinerea 2 days later. Combined chitosan and UV-C treatments applied to cv. Autumn Black or selection B36-55 were synergistic in reducing gray mold incidence and severity compared with either treatment alone. Preharvest chitosan treatment increased neither concentration of catechin or resveratrol nor activity of chitinase in berry skin. Conversely, UV-C irradiation, alone or combined with chitosan treatment, induced catechin in cv. Autumn Black berries and trans-resveratrol in both cv. Autumn Black and selection B36-55. C1 Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Environm & Crop Sci, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Romanazzi, G (reprint author), Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Environm & Crop Sci, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. EM g.romanazzi@univpm.it RI Romanazzi, Gianfranco/C-8981-2012 NR 53 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0445 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900010 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Singh, RP AF Jin, Y Singh, RP TI Resistance in US wheat to recent eastern African isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici with virulence to resistance gene Sr31 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; THATCHER WHEAT; UNITED-STATES; RACES AB The stem rust resistance gene Sr31 derived from rye has been used as an important source of stem rust resistance in many wheat cultivars worldwide. Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with virulence to Sr31 were identified from Uganda in 1999. Stem rust susceptibility in wheat lines with Sr31 was observed in Kenya in 2003 and 2004. An isolate collected from Uganda in 1999 and an isolate collected from Kenya in 2004, identified to be race TTKS, were used in the rust evaluations. Selected cultivars and advanced breeding lines (450 in total) of wheat from the United States were tested against these two stem rust isolates. Resistance to race TTKS was detected in major classes of wheat with the following frequencies: 16% of hard red spring wheat, 48% of hard red winter wheat, and 27% of soft winter wheat. The genes that conferred resistance in the spring wheat have not been conclusively identified. Resistance in cultivar Ivan was likely due to Sr24. Resistance in hard red winter wheat was postulated to be primarily due to Sr24, and resistance in soft winter wheat was postulated to be primarily due to Sr36. The 1AL. 1RS translocation present in many U.S. winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines appears to carry an effective resistance gene different from Sr31. The presence of resistance to race TTKS in the adapted germ plasm presents an opportunity to improve stem rust resistance in wheat. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yuejin@umn.edu NR 21 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0476 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900015 ER PT J AU Hobbs, HA Hill, CB Gran, CR Koval, NC Wang, Y Pedersen, WL Domier, LL Hartman, GL AF Hobbs, HA Hill, CB Gran, CR Koval, NC Wang, Y Pedersen, WL Domier, LL Hartman, GL TI Green stem disorder of soybean SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POD-MOTTLE-VIRUS; PENTATOMIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max) is characterized by delayed senescence of stems with normal pod ripening and seed maturation. Three different field research approaches were designed to determine the relationship of green stem disorder to Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and other potential factors that may be involved in causing this disorder. The first research approach surveyed green stem disorder and BPMV in individual plants monitored in several commercial soybean fields during three growing seasons. Leaf samples from maturing plants (growth stage R6) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for BPMV. The percentage of monitored plants infected with BPMV at growth stage R6 in some fields was higher than the incidence of green stem disorder at harvest maturity. Many plants infected with BPMV did not develop green stem disorder, and conversely, many plants that had green stem disorder were not infected with BPMV. According to a chi-square test of independence, the data indicated that green stem disorder was independent of BPMV infection at growth stage R6 (P = 0.98). A second research approach compared green stem disorder incidence in an identical set of soybean entries planted in two locations with different levels of natural virus infection. Despite differences in virus infection, including BPMV incidence, 20 of 24 entries had similar green stem disorder incidence at the two locations. A third research approach completed over two growing seasons in field cages showed that green stem disorder developed without BPMV infection. BPMV infection did not increase green stem disorder incidence in comparison to controls. Bean leaf beetle, leaf hopper, or stinkbug feeding did not have an effect on the incidence of green stem disorder. The cause of the green stem disorder remains unknown. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0513 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900021 ER PT J AU Hong, CX Richardson, PA Kong, P Jeffers, SN Oak, SW AF Hong, CX Richardson, PA Kong, P Jeffers, SN Oak, SW TI Phytophthora tropicalis isolated from diseased leaves of Pieris japonica and Rhododendron catawbiense and found in irrigation water and soil in Virginia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Hong, CX (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 525 EP 525 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0525C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900031 ER PT J AU Tunali, B Yildirim, A Aime, MC Hernandez, JR AF Tunali, B Yildirim, A Aime, MC Hernandez, JR TI First report of rust disease caused by Uromyces galegae on Galega officinalis in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. Plant Protect Cent Res Inst, TR-06170 Ankara, Turkey. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tunali, B (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 525 EP 525 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0525B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900030 ER PT J AU Maroon-Lango, CJ Hammond, J Warnke, S AF Maroon-Lango, CJ Hammond, J Warnke, S TI First report of Lolium latent virus in Ryegrass in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, NGRL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Maroon-Lango, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 528 EP 528 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0528C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900039 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, RG TI Johnsongrass, yellow foxtail, and broadleaf signalgrass as new hosts for six species of bipolaris, curvularia, and exserohilum pathogenic to bermudagrass SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, WM, Mississippi State, MS USA. FRU, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, WM, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 4 BP 528 EP 528 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0528B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000236186900038 ER PT J AU Litterer, LA Schnurr, JA Plaisance, KL Storey, KK Gronwald, JW Somers, DA AF Litterer, L. A. Schnurr, J. A. Plaisance, K. L. Storey, K. K. Gronwald, J. W. Somers, D. A. TI Characterization and expression of Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; cell wall; pyrophosphorylase; UDP-glucuronic acid; UDP-glucose; UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; GLUCURONIC ACID PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; THALIANA; PLANTS; LOCALIZATION AB At5g52560, a homolog of pea (Pisum sativum) UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (PsUSP) was functionally annotated by expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent characterization of substrate specificity and kinetic properties. Arabidopsis contains a single USP gene (AtUSP) and evaluation of gene databases suggests that USP is unique to plants. The 69 kDa AtUSP gene product exhibited high activity with Glc-1-P, GIcA-1-P and Gal-1-P, but low activity with GlcNAc-1-P, Fuc-1-P, Man-1-P, inositol-1-P or Gle-6-P. AtUSP was activated by magnesium and preferred UTP as co-substrate. Apparent K-m values for GlcA-1-P, Glc-1-P and UTP were 0.13 mM, 0.42 mM and 0.14 mM, respectively. In the reverse direction (pyrophosphorolysis), the apparent K-m values for UDP-GlcA, UDP-Glc and pyrophosphate were 0.56 mM, 0.72 mM and 0.15 mM, respectively. USP enzyme activity (UDP-GlcA -> GlcA-1-P) was detected in Arabidopsis tissues with highest activity found in the inflorescence. As determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, AtUSP transcript is widely expressed with high levels detected in the inflorescence. To evaluate tissue-specific expression of AtUSP, histochemical GUS staining of plants transformed with AtUSFprom:GUS constructs was performed. In 7-day-old seedlings, GUS staining was detected in cotyledons, trichomes and vascular tissues of the primary root. In the inflorescence of older plants, high levels of GUS staining were detected in cauline leaves, the epidermis of the stem and in pollen. In silico analysis of AtUSP expression in developing pollen indicates that transcript levels increase as development proceeds from the uninucleate to the tricellular stage. The results suggest that AtUSP plays an important role in pollen development in Arabidopsis. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gronw001@umn.edu NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.04.004 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066PC UT WOS:000239241000001 PM 16757173 ER PT J AU Park, SJ Huang, YH Ayoubi, P AF Park, SJ Huang, YH Ayoubi, P TI Identification of expression profiles of sorghum genes in response to greenbug phloem-feeding using cDNA subtraction and microarray analysis SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cDNA subtraction; microarray analysis; molecular defense mechanisms; plant-aphid interactions; Schizaphis graminum; Sorghum bicolor ID PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES; SALICYLIC-ACID; JASMONIC-ACID; METHYL JASMONATE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; APHID INTERACTIONS; INSECT HERBIVORY; TOMATO PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS AB The phloem-feeding by greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) elicits unique interactions with their host plants. To investigate the expression profiles of sorghum genes responsive to greenbug feeding, two subtractive cDNA libraries were constructed through different combinatorial subtractions in a strong greenbug resistance sorghum M627 line and a susceptible Tx7000 line with or without greenbug infestation. A total of 3,508 cDNAs were selected from the two cDNA libraries, and subsequent cDNA microarray and northern blot analyses were performed for identification of sorghum genes responsive to greenbugs. In total, 157 sorghum transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed by greenbug feeding. The greenbug responsive genes were isolated and classified into nine categories according to the functional roles in plant metabolic pathways, such as defense, signal transduction, cell wall fortification, oxidative burst/stress, photosynthesis, development, cell maintenance, abiotic stress, and unknown function. Overall, the profiles of sorghum genes, responsive to greenbug phloem-feeding shared common identities with other expression profiles known to be elicited by diverse stresses, including pathogenesis, abiotic stress, and wounding. In addition to well-known defense related regulators such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, auxin and gibberellic acid were also involved in mediation of the defense responses against greenbug phloem-feeding in sorghum. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Plant Sci Program, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 2006 VL 223 IS 5 BP 932 EP 947 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0148-1 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 026QP UT WOS:000236357500007 PM 16292568 ER PT J AU Crane, J Kovach, D Gardner, C Walters, C AF Crane, J Kovach, D Gardner, C Walters, C TI Triacylglycerol phase and 'intermediate' seed storage physiology: a study of Cuphea carthagenensis SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE differential scanning calorimetry; imbibitional damage; lipid; seed; storage; triacylglycerol; water content ID AZADIRACHTA-INDICA SEEDS; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; LIQUID-NITROGEN; FATTY-ACIDS; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY; NEEM; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; IMBIBITION AB Seeds with 'intermediate' storage physiology store poorly under cold and dry conditions. We tested whether the poor shelf life can be attributed to triacylglycerol phase changes using Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) seeds. Viability remained high when seeds were stored at 25 degrees C, but was lost quickly when seeds were stored at 5 degrees C. Deterioration was fastest in seeds with high (>= 0.10 g g(-1)) and low (0.01 g g(-1)) water contents (g H2O g dry mass(-1)), and slowest in seeds containing 0.04 g g(-1). A 45 degrees C treatment before imbibition restored germination of dry seeds by melting crystallized triacylglycerols. Here, we show that the rate of deterioration in C. carthagenensis seeds stored at 5 degrees C correlated with the rate that triacylglycerols crystallized within the seeds. Lipid crystallization, measured using differential scanning calorimetry, occurred at 6 degrees C for this species and was fastest for seeds stored at 5 degrees C that had high and very low water contents, and slowest for seeds containing 0.04 g g(-1). Germination decreased to 50% (P50) when between 16 and 38% of the triacylglycerols crystallized; complete crystallization took from 10 to over 200 days depending on water content. Our results demonstrate interactions between water and triacylglycerols in seeds: (1) water content affects the propensity of triacylglycerols to crystallize and (2) hydration of seed containing crystallized triacylglycerols is lethal. We suggest that these interactions form the basis of the syndrome of damage experienced when seeds with intermediate storage physiologies are placed in long-term storage. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 47 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 2006 VL 223 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1089 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0157-0 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 026QP UT WOS:000236357500020 PM 16307284 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Johnson, DN Bjornstad, ON AF Liebhold, AM Johnson, DN Bjornstad, ON TI Geographic variation in density-dependent dynamics impacts the synchronizing effect of dispersal and regional stochasticity SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial synchrony; Moran effect; gypsy moth; population cycle; stability; Lymantria dispar; outbreak ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION; CLETHRIONOMYS-RUFOCANUS; ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CYCLES; OUTBREAKS; PATTERNS; MOTH AB Explanations for the ubiquitous presence of spatially synchronous population dynamics have assumed that density-dependent processes governing the dynamics of local populations are identical among disjunct populations, and low levels of dispersal or small amounts of regionalized stochasticity ("Moran effect") can act to synchronize populations. In this study we used historical spatially referenced data on gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) outbreaks to document that density-dependent processes can vary substantially across geographical landscapes. This variation may be due in part to geographical variation in habitat (e.g., variation in forest composition). We then used a second-order log-linear stochastic model to explore how inter-population variation in density-dependent processes affects synchronization via either synchronous stochastic forcing or dispersal. We found that geographical variation in direct density-dependence (first order) greatly diminishes synchrony caused by stochasticity but only slightly decreases synchronization via dispersal. Variation in delayed density-dependence (second order) diluted synchrony caused by regional stochasticity to a lesser extent than first-order variation, but it did not have any influence on synchrony caused by dispersal. In general, synchronization caused by dispersal was primarily dependent upon the instability of populations and only weakly, if at all, affected by similarities in density-dependence among populations. We conclude that studies of synchrony should carefully consider both the nature of the synchronizing agents and the pattern of local density-dependent processes, including how these vary geographically. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Monroe, LA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us; djohnson8@wisc.edu; onb1@psu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 41 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s10144-005-0248-6 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028OW UT WOS:000236498600008 ER PT J AU Wang, S Birla, SL Tang, J Hansen, JD AF Wang, S Birla, SL Tang, J Hansen, JD TI Postharvest treatment to control codling moth in fresh apples using water assisted radio frequency heating SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; codling moth; heat; quality; quarantine; radio frequency ID IN-SHELL WALNUTS; POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; THERMAL DEATH KINETICS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; METHYL-BROMIDE; FRUIT-FLIES; TORTRICIDAE; CHERRIES; ENERGY AB Apples destined for export to Japan and South Korea are currently disinfested for codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using methyl bromide fumigation. Restrictions and limitations imposed on the uses of methyl bromide have increased interest in developing alternative non-chemical quarantine treatments. It is imperative that the treatment is effective against codling moth yet maintains the quality of treated apples. The present study explored the application of radio frequency (RF) energy in conjunction with conventional hot water treatment to develop feasible heat treatments. Treatment parameters were selected based on minimum time-temperature conditions required for 100% mortality of fifth-instar codling moth and apple quality. The treatments included preheating of infested or wholesome apples in warm water at 45 degrees C for 30 min. The preheated apples were then heated to 48 C in a hydraulic fruit mover placed between two parallel plate electrodes in a 12 kW, 27.12 MHz pilot scale RF system. RF treated apples were transferred to a 48 degrees C hot water bath and held for 5, 10, 15 and 20 min before being hydro-cooled in ice water for 30 min. The mortality of codling moths in the infested apples was assessed, and the quality of wholesome apples was evaluated by measuring weight loss, firmness, color, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity after 0, 7, and 30 days of storage at 4 degrees C. The results showed that the treatment at 48 degrees C for 15 min was the most practical and effective both for insect control and apple quality. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@mail.wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 29 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.12.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 033RQ UT WOS:000236867100012 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Tellez, G AF Huff, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Tellez, G TI Limited treatment with beta-1,3/1,6-glucan improves production values of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE yeast cell wall; beta-glucan; antibiotic alternative; colibacillosis; immune modulation ID BETA-GLUCAN; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RESISTANCE; FEED; ENHANCEMENT; INFECTION; PIGS AB The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to a need for alternatives to antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in poultry production. The helical polysaccharide beta-1,3/1,6-glucan is derived from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cervisiae and has immunomodulating activities. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of 2 supplementation programs with a commercial beta-1,3/1,6-glucan product to protect broiler chicks from experimental respiratory challenge with Escherichia coli. Chicks were housed in battery-brooders from 1 d of age and fed a standard starter diet or the same diet containing 20 g/ton (22 ppm) of purified beta-1,3/1,6-glucan either continuously (BG25d) or for only the first 7 d prior to challenge (BG7d). At d 7 one-half of the birds were inoculated in the thoracic air sac with 800 cfu of a serotype O2, nonmotile strain of E. coli. All surviving birds were necropsied at d 25. Body weight of survivors and feed conversion efficiency were protected from the adverse effects of E. coli challenge by BG7d but not by BG25d. Mortality was nominally decreased from 63% (control) to 53% in BG25d and 47% in BG7d, but these decreases were not significant. The relative weights of the liver and heart were increased, and the bursa of Fabricius relative weights were decreased by E. coli challenge, and these effects were modulated by beta-glucan treatment. Despite positive effects of BG7d in E. coli-challenged birds, the BW of nonchallenged birds was decreased by BG7d and BG25d. These results suggest that supplementation of broiler diets with beta-1,3/1,6-glucan may be valuable for decreasing production losses due to E. coli respiratory disease, but that the immune stimulation provided may also result in decreased production values under experimental battery conditions or for birds raised in an environment with minimal disease challenges. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu NR 28 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 4 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 028JU UT WOS:000236484300005 PM 16615344 ER PT J AU Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ McDaniel, CD Cosby, DE Wilson, JL Bourassa, DV Ard, MB AF Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ McDaniel, CD Cosby, DE Wilson, JL Bourassa, DV Ard, MB TI Apparent attachment of Campylobacter and Salmonella to broiler breeder rooster spermatozoa SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; spermatozoa; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; LOCALIZATION; BACTERIA; ADHESION; SURFACES; SEMEN AB It has been demonstrated that horizontal and vertical transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter can Occur in broiler breeder flocks. The mechanism of this transmission is still unclear. Previously negative broiler breeder flocks have been reported to become positive with Salmonella, Campylobacter, or both after the introduction of "spike" roosters at 45 wk of age. To determine whether the rooster semen is a possible source of transmission to hens for colonization, we evaluated the association of both Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. to segments (head, midpiece, and tail), of individual spermatozoa after artificial inoculation. Salmonella typhinuirium, Salmonella heidelberg, and Salmonella montevideo, or Campylobacter jejuni (in 0.85% saline) was added to a freshly collected (by abdominal massage) aliquot of pooled semen from roosters housed in individual cages. The semen and bacteria solutions were incubated 1 h at room temperature. Samples were fixed using Karnosvsky and Zamboni fixatives for 24 h prior to centrifuging and rinsing in 0.1. M cacodylate center dot HCI buffer. Individual aliquot samples were then subjected to both scanning (JSM-5800) and transmission (JEM-1210) electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy showed that Salmonella was associated with all 3 segments (head, midpiece, and tail) of the spermatozoa and apparently equally distributed. Campylobacter was mainly associated with the midpiece and tail segments; few isolates were located on the head segment. The transmission electron microscopy showed apparent attachment of Salmonella and Campylobacter to the spermatozoa. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Vizzier-Thaxton, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM yvizzier@poultry.msstate.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 4 BP 619 EP 624 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 028JU UT WOS:000236484300006 PM 16615345 ER PT J AU Roush, WB Dozier, WA Branton, SL AF Roush, WB Dozier, WA Branton, SL TI Comparison of Gompertz and neural network models of broiler growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth equation; Gompertz; neural network AB Neural networks offer an alternative to regression analysis for biological growth modeling. Very little research has been conducted to model animal growth using artificial neural networks. Twenty-five male chicks (Ross x Ross 308) were raised in an environmental chamber. Body weights were determined daily and feed and water were provided ad libitum. The birds were fed a starter diet (23% CP and 3,200 kcal of ME/kg) from 0 to 21 d, and a grower diet (20% CP and 3,200 kcal of ME/kg) from 22 to 70 d. Dead and female birds were not included in the study. Average BW of 18 birds were used as the data points for the growth curve to be modeled. Training data consisted of alternate-day weights starting with the first day. Validation data consisted of BW at all other age periods. Comparison was made between the modeling by the Gompertz nonlinear regression equation and neural network modeling. Neural network models were developed with the Neuroshell Predictor. Accuracy of the models was determined by mean square error (MSE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and bias. The Gompertz equation was fit for the data. Forecasting error measurements were based on the difference between the model and the observed values. For the training data, the lowest MSE, MAD, MAPE, and bias were noted for the neural-developed neural network. For the validation data, the lowest MSE and MAD were noted with the genetic algorithm-developed neural network. Lowest bias was for the neural-developed network. As measured by bias, the Gompertz equation underestimated the values whereas the neural- and genetic-developed neural networks produced little or no overestimation of the observed BW responses. Past studies have attempted to interpret the biological significance of the estimates of the parameters of an equation. However, it may be more practical to ignore the relevance of parameter estimates and focus on the ability to predict responses. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Roush, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM broush@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 4 BP 794 EP 797 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 028JU UT WOS:000236484300026 PM 16615365 ER PT J AU Hoebeke, ER Acciavatti, RE AF Hoebeke, ER Acciavatti, RE TI Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae), an Eurasian bark beetle new to North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae; Hylurgops; North America; exotic species; new records ID GOVERNING HOST SELECTION; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; MONOTERPENES; ATTRACTION; ETHANOL AB Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal), a widespread and abundant bark beetle in Europe and elsewhere in the Old World, is reported for the first time from North America, based on specimens collected between 2001 and 2004 from New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. This bark beetle was collected from baited Lindgren funnel traps, part of a USDA, Forest Service and APHIS National Early Detection Pilot Project surveying ports for exotic Curculionidae: Scolytinae (bark and ambrosia beetles). The native distribution, biology, and habits of this newly arrived Palearctic species are summarized from the European literature. An existing key to North American species of Hylurgops LeConte is modified to include this newly detected immigrant. A diagnosis and habitus photographs of the adult are provided for recognition of this species. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NA Forest Hlth Protect, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hoebeke, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erh2@cornell.edu; racciavatti@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 028XX UT WOS:000236523200003 ER PT J AU Neunzig, HH Solis, MA AF Neunzig, HH Solis, MA TI Redescription of Bethulia championella Ragonot (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE phycitinae; southwestern United States; Mexico; Central America; South America AB Based on a single female specimen, Ragonot (1888) described the genus Bethulia and its included species B. championella. Recently, additional specimens of both sexes of this small phycitine have been collected, chiefly in the Neotropics. Using this new material, the genus and species are redescribed, and the male genitalia are illustrated for the first time. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA ARS,Nat Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Neunzig, HH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 028XX UT WOS:000236523200005 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Brown, JW White, WH AF Adamski, D Brown, JW White, WH TI Description of the immature stages of Pyroderces badia (Hodges) (Lepidoptera : Cosmopterigidae), with a new host record from Louisiana SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cosmopterigidae; Gelechioidea; scavenger; Sorghum AB The last larval instar and pupa of Pyroderces badia (Hodges) are described and illustrated based on specimens collected from seed heads of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (Poaceae) in southern Louisiana. The species is a well-known scavenger on a wide array of plant material. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,USDA ARS, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dadamski@sel.barc.usda.gov; jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov; wwhite@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 028XX UT WOS:000236523200011 ER PT J AU Nickle, DA AF Nickle, DA TI A review of the species of Thrips Linnaeus, 1758 (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) from Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean region SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE thrips; pests of flowers; Europe; Africa; Thrips; Taeniothrips AB A total of 130 species of thrips occurring in Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean region were intercepted by U.S. agricultural quarantine officers in shipments of plants and cut flowers at the various ports of entry in the United States from 1983 to 1999. Of the 24 most commonly intercepted species encountered by port identifiers during this period, 10 were species of the genus Thrips Linnaeus (T. tabaci Lindeman, T. fuscipennis Haliday, T. major Uzel, T vulgatissimus (Haliday), T. meridionalis Priesner, T flavus Schrank, T atratus (Haliday), T. simplex (Morison), T. nigropilosus Uzel, and T. australis (Bagnall)). This paper provides information on all 100 species of Thrips from Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean region necessary for completion of Part III of a guide to the identification of thrips entering the U.S.A. from those regions. It is designed primarily to aid the identification capabilities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS) identifiers at U.S. ports-of-entry, but those interested in thrips in general will also benefit from this information. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nickle, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Bldg 005,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnickle@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 114 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 443 EP 466 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 028XX UT WOS:000236523200021 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Curtis, R AF Norrbom, AL Curtis, R TI Platystoma seminationis (Fabricius) (Diptera : Platystomatidae) introduced to the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM orrbom@sel.barc.usda.gov; robirdman@aol.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 474 EP 475 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 028XX UT WOS:000236523200023 ER PT J AU Cooper, B Garrett, WM Campbell, KB AF Cooper, B Garrett, WM Campbell, KB TI Shotgun identification of proteins from uredospores of the bean rust Uromyces appendiculatus SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE MudPIT; proteome; rust; spore; Uromyces appendiculatus ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEQUENCE DATABASES; STATISTICAL-MODEL; YEAST PROTEOME; LIFE-CYCLE; INFECTION; GENE; VALIDATION; MACHINERY; SEARCH AB We are interested in learning more about the proteome of Uromyces appendiculatus, the fungus Received: August 29, 2005 that causes common bean rust. Knowledge of the proteins that differentiate life-cycle stages and Revised: October 16, 2005 distinguish infectious bodies such as uredospores, germlings, appressoria, and haustoria may be Accepted: November 6, 2005 used to define host-pathogen interactions or serve as targets for chemical inhibition of the fungus. We have used 2-D nanoflowLC-MS/MS to identify more than 400 proteins from asexual uredospores. A majority of the proteins appear to have roles in protein folding or protein catabolism. We present a model by which an abundance of heat shock proteins and translation elongation factors may enhance a spore's ability to survive environmental stresses and rapidly initiate protein production upon germination. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006 Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cooperb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD APR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2477 EP 2484 DI 10.1002/pmic.200500630 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 040RS UT WOS:000237398700016 PM 16518873 ER PT J AU Annelli, JF AF Annelli, JF TI The National Incident Management System: a multi-agency approach to emergency response in the United States of America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE all-hazard; incident command system; National Incident Management System; National Interagency Incident Management System; National Response Plan AB This paper outlines the development of a universal incident management system across all of government in the United States of America called the National Incident Management System. The system has been incorporated into the National Response Plan and the procedures of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) agencies, using the United States Forest Service's National Interagency Incident Management System as a model. This model has enhanced USDA's effectiveness in a wide range of emergencies that might affect American agriculture, including natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pest and disease outbreaks, and wilderness and other types of fires), nuclear and conventional events, or the accidental or deliberate introduction of a biological, chemical or radiological agent threatening the United States food supply, critical infrastructure or economy. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Annelli, JF (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 41, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 223 EP 231 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 050LH UT WOS:000238088400018 PM 16796051 ER PT J AU McEwen, SA Wilson, TM Ashford, DA Heegaard, ED Kuiken, T Kournikakis, B AF McEwen, SA Wilson, TM Ashford, DA Heegaard, ED Kuiken, T Kournikakis, B TI Microbial forensics for natural and intentional incidents of infectious disease involving animals SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal; biocrime; bioterror; forensics; infectious disease; law enforcement; microbial forensics ID OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; VIRUS AB Microbial forensics is a relatively new scientific discipline dedicated to analysing microbiological evidence from a crime for attribution purposes. It builds on traditional microbiology and epidemiology but within a legal framework. Important motives for forensic investigations include interdiction of criminals, prosecution of justice, and ideally, deterrence of others from committing similar acts. Forensic capabilities in animal health should focus on building capacity for detection and reporting of increases in infectious disease morbidity and mortality among animals that might reflect a covert release of a pathogen. Suspicion should be raised when epidemiological patterns are different from those expected for the animal population and the pathogen in question. Existing capacities for the detection and reporting of epidemic and even endemic diseases should be an international priority for the prevention of catastrophic losses in animal and potentially in human life. The veterinary community needs to be more aware of the legal requirements related to forensic investigations so that veterinarians will be prepared to handle evidence properly within their own fields. C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Emergency Programs,Armed Forces Med Intelligence, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Int Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Statens Serum Inst, Danish Ctr Biol Def, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Erasmus Med Ctr, Inst Virol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Def R&D Canada, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. RP McEwen, SA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 050LH UT WOS:000238088400025 PM 16796058 ER PT J AU Heath, SE AF Heath, SE TI Challenges and options for animal and public health services in the next two decades SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health service; economic growth; education; environmental stewardship; livestock; livestock product; poverty; public health service; trade; urbanisation; value added; women AB Trade in livestock and livestock products makes up approximately one sixth of global agriculture trade. This trade is demand driven, primarily by growing human populations, changing economies, and consumer preferences in developing countries. Different rates of population growth, economic growth, urbanisation, environmental sustainability, and technology transfer will determine which countries will reap the greatest benefits. Global trends in demand and supply for food, not terrorism, will drive the future of animal and public health service delivery. To benefit the greatest number of people and countries, animal and public health services should support policies that temper growing disparities among rich and poor countries, city and rural populations, and the sexes. Economic growth is critical to overcoming disparities between countries and best supported by integrated animal health, public health, labour, and foreign policies. Opportunities for job growth will be the greatest along the value added chain of food production and will require significant investments in science-(risk-) based education. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Heath, SE (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 403 EP 419 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 050LH UT WOS:000238088400031 PM 16796064 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Sharpe, RR AF Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Sharpe, RR TI Fecal bacteria and sex hormones in soil and runoff from cropped watersheds amended with poultry litter SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE poultry litter; fecal indicator bacteria; estradiol; testosterone; soil; runoff ID DEFINED SUBSTRATE TECHNOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOTAL COLIFORMS; DRINKING-WATER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; TESTOSTERONE; ENUMERATION; INDICATORS; PATHOGENS AB The application of poultry litter to agricultural fields can provide plant nutrients for crops and forage production, but fecal bacteria and the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone are components of litter that can be detrimental to the environment. Our objective was to determine if applications of poultry litter to small watersheds would contribute to the load of fecal bacteria and sex hormones to soil and runoff. We, therefore, investigated the fate and transport of fecal bacteria, estradiol and testosterone from surface applied poultry litter to four small cropped watersheds. Poultry litter was applied to meet the nitrogen requirements of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in 2000 and grain sorghum [Sorgham bicolor (L.) Moench] in 2001. Neither Salmonella nor Campylobacter were detected in the litter but the fecal indicator bacteria were. The average load of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci applied with the litter was 12.2, 11.9, and 12.7 log(10) cells ha(-1), respectively. The average load of estradiol and testosterone was 3.1 and 0.09 mg ha(-1), respectively. Runoff events first occurred 7 months after the first litter application in 2000, and 3 weeks after the second application in 2001. Only for the 25 July 2001 runoff event 3 weeks after the second litter application were the concentrations of total coliforms, E. coli, and fecal enterococci in runoff greater than background concentrations which were on average 5.2, 2.9, and 1.1 log(10) MPN 100 ml(-1), respectively. Average background levels of total coliforms, fecal enterococci, and E. coli in surface soil were 8.2, 7.9, and 3.5 log(10) cells kg(-1) soil. At the rate of litter application the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the litter did not appear to impact the background levels in the soil and runoff. Because concentrations of sex hormones in litter from other broiler operations are known to be greater than in the litter we applied, further study on the connection between concentrations of sex hormones in poultry litter and operational practices is recommended. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM mjenkins@uga.edu NR 31 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 358 IS 1-3 BP 164 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.015 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032QG UT WOS:000236788800013 PM 15927239 ER PT J AU King, JW Hopper, ML Snyder, JM AF King, JW Hopper, ML Snyder, JM TI Extraction and enrichment of pesticides for analysis using binary supercritical fluid mixtures SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analysis; extraction; enrichment; pesticides; supercritical fluids ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HELIUM; SOLVATION; MATRICES; DENSITY AB To improve the extraction selectivity in analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), binary mixtures of supercritical fluids have been used to selectively produce lipid-free extracts of trace pesticide residues for chromatographic analysis. Mixtures of nitrogen and HC-134a have been used in conjunction with carbon dioxide to selectively extract both fortified and incurred residues from a variety of fatty foods using both experimental and commercially-available extraction instrumentation. Extraction of fortified pesticides in butter fat showed high recoveries for both organo-chlorine and -phosphorus pesticides with recoveries declining for specific pesticide moieties at the 1 ppb spiking level for CO2/N-2 mixtures. For CO2 and HC-134a mixtures, there was poor and little improvement in analyte recovery relative to using neat SC-CO2 for fortified organochlorine pesticides in butter fat at the 0.5-5.0 ppm level. However using a CO2/HC-134a mixture for organophosphorus pesticides in butter fat improved recoveries (> 90%) of the analytes at the 1-3.5 ppm level relative to using neat SC-CO2 . Excellent recoveries were obtained for incurred organochlorine and -phosphorus pesticides from a variety of food products at ppb levels using either CO2/N-2 or CO2/HC-134 mixtures. Results from these and additional experiments suggest that binary fluid mixtures can significantly reduce the need for additional sample cleanup prior to chromatographic analysis, allowing in some cases, direct injection of the extract after dilution into the gas chromatograph. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3202, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US FDA, Total Diet & Pesticide Res Ctr, Lenexa, KS USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3202, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jwking1@uark.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1080/01496390600600070 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 031YQ UT WOS:000236741500005 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Miller, J Gonzalez-Caban, A Champ, J AF Loomis, J Miller, J Gonzalez-Caban, A Champ, J TI Testing the convergent validity of videotape survey administration and phone interviews in contingent valuation SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; convergent validity; forest fire prevention; survey mode effects ID BENEFITS; GOODS AB We tested the convergent validity of responses obtained via videotape survey administration and obtained by a phone interview using a survey booklet. The announcer on the videotape verbally presented the text and questions that were read to respondents in the phone interview. There was no statistical difference between video and phone-booklet survey response rates or reasons for refusing to pay for the program. Median willingness to pay (WTP) for the prescribed burning program using the mail booklet-phone interview was $508 per household and $583 per household from the video survey. The confidence intervals for these two estimates overlap, indicating they are not statistically different. The videotape survey offers the potential for cost savings in large samples where phone interviews would become expensive, and for valuing public programs that are too complex to realistically display with still photos and figures. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Agr Stat Serv, Arlington, VA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Tech Journalism, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, B310 Clark Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jloomis@lamar.colostate.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD APR PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1080/08941920500519420 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 011NZ UT WOS:000235276500006 ER PT J AU Green, VS Stott, DE Diack, M AF Green, VS Stott, DE Diack, M TI Assay for fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity: Optimization for soil samples SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE enzyme assay; microbial activity; soil enzyme activity; soil quality ID TOTAL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIA AB With the increased interest in integrated soil bioecosystem studies, there is a need to have a method of measuring overall microbial activity potential. Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate [3',6'-diacetylfluorescein (FDA)] has been suggested as a possible method because the ubiquitous lipase, protease, and esterase enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis of FDA. Following hydrolysis of FDA, fluorescein is released and can be measured spectrophotometrically. Our objective was to optimize the assay for FDA hydrolytic activity in soil samples and determine the kinetic parameters involved in this reaction. The optimized method involves extraction and quantitative measurement of the fluorescein released when 1.0 g of soil is incubated with 50 ml of 60 mM Na-phosphate solution (buffered at pH 7.6) at 37 degrees C for 3 h. Results showed that FDA hydrolysis was optimum at buffer pH 7.6 and the soil enzymes were denatured at temperatures above 60 degrees C. Three soils were used to optimize this method: Heiden clay, Raub silt loam, and Cecil sandy loam. This procedure is simple, precise, and can be used in commercial soil testing laboratories to determine general microbial activity and as a soil quality indicator. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM destott@purdue.edu RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010; yang, lixia/D-7815-2011 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315; NR 24 TC 154 Z9 170 U1 8 U2 90 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.020 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 036DQ UT WOS:000237051600007 ER PT J AU Stanchi, S Bonifacio, E Zanini, E Packepsky, Y AF Stanchi, S Bonifacio, E Zanini, E Packepsky, Y TI Presence and prediction of fractal behavior in particle-size distributions as affected by the sample pretreatment and soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE texture; aggregation; classification trees; discriminant analysis; fragmentation ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRAGMENTATION; MODEL AB The fragmentation fractal dimension has been used to characterize soil particle and aggregate-size distributions. Deviations from strict self-similarity were often reported. In particle-size distribution determination, different dispersion and pretreatment methods can create different fragmentation. The objectives of this work were (i) to investigate fractal behavior of soil as influenced by the presence of the fragmentation-enhancing pretreatment before particle-size distribution determination and (ii) to predict the presence/absence of the fractal behavior from soil chemical and physical properties by applying discriminant analysis and classification trees and comparing the efficiency of the two methods. Paired particle-size distribution determinations with and without removal of organic and inorganic binding agents were conducted for 85 samples of soils from various genetic and textural classes found in southern Italy. A total of 20 chemical and physical properties of soil were measured in the same samples. Discriminant analysis and classification trees were applied to predict the presence or absence of the fractal scaling in particle-size distribution from soil basic properties. Only 31 samples displayed strict fractal behavior after pretreatment, whereas 44 did when the aggregating agents were not removed. Classification trees rendered better prediction of the presence of the strict fractal behavior of soil particle-size distributions for each of the determination methods when compared with the discriminant analysis. The presence of the strict fractal behavior was primarily defined by fine silt content and influenced by contents of coarse silt, coarse sand, and exchangeable calcium content. C1 Univ Turin, DiVaPRA Chim Agr, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stanchi, S (reprint author), Univ Turin, DiVaPRA Chim Agr, Via L Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. EM silvia.stanchi@unito.it RI Bonifacio, Eleonora/G-7463-2012; OI Stanchi, Silvia/0000-0002-2167-4421 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 4 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000209357.53536.43 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 038VQ UT WOS:000237258000001 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Wuest, SB Schillinger, WF Gollany, HT AF Williams, JD Wuest, SB Schillinger, WF Gollany, HT TI Rotary subsoiling newly planted winter wheat fields to improve infiltration in frozen soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE water infiltration; runoff; Pacific Northwest; summer fallow ID EROSION; REGION; NORTHWEST; RUNOFF; FALLOW AB Water erosion and runoff can be severe due to poor infiltration through frozen soil in the dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production region of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA. For more than 70 years, farmers and researchers have used various methods of subsoiling to reduce runoff and erosion and to improve infiltration and soil moisture storage. The practice and equipment have evolved from chiseling continuous open channels across hillslopes to the rotary subsoiler that pits the soil. Farmers often subsoil wheat stubble after harvest, but do not employ this practice on newly planted winter wheat fields. These fields are especially vulnerable to erosion because of meager residue cover after a year of fallow. A 6-year field study was conducted in eastern Washington to determine the effect of rotary subsoiling in newly planted winter wheat on over-winter water storage. erosion, infiltration, and grain yield. There were two treatments, rotary subsoiling and control. The rotary subsoiler created one 40 cm-deep pit with 4 L capacity every 0.7 m(2). Natural precipitation did not cause rill erosion in either treatment because of mild winters during the study period. Net change in water stored over winter was significantly (P < 0.05) improved with rotary subsoiling compared to the control in 2 of 6 years. Grain yield was not affected by treatments in any year or when averaged over years. In 2003, we simulated rainfall for approximately 3 h at a rate of 18 mm/h on both subsoiled and control plots to determine runoff and erosion responses on frozen soils. Rotary subsoiling reduced runoff (P < 0.01) by 38%. Rotary subsoiling also significantly reduced erosion (P < 0.01) during the 20-45 min period after runoff had begun. The total quantities of eroded soils were 1.3 and 3.4 Mg/ha for the subsoiled and control treatments, respectively, with inter-rill the dominant erosion process. The average infiltration rate for the control treatment (3.3 mm/h) was half of the rate for the subsoiled treatment (6.6 mm/h), at the end of the 3 h simulation. Rotary subsoiling of newly-planted winter wheat can increase soil moisture stored over-winter and reduce runoff and soil loss on frozen soils, but the benefit of this practice for increasing grain yield has not been proven. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stn, Lind, WA 99341 USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM johnd.williams@oregonstate.edu; stewart.wuest@oregonstate.edu; schillw@wsu.edu; hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.019 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 015UU UT WOS:000235577500002 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhang, QW Reicosky, DC Bai, LY Lindstrom, MJ Li, L AF Li, Y Zhang, QW Reicosky, DC Bai, LY Lindstrom, MJ Li, L TI Using Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) for quantifying soil organic carbon redistribution affected by intensive tillage on steep slopes SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon (SOC); (137)cesium (Cs-137); excess Pb-210 (Pb-210); tillage erosion ID FALLOUT CS-137; EROSION RATES; SEQUESTRATION; RADIONUCLIDES; CULTIVATION; INDICATORS; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; FOREST AB Studying on spatial and temporal variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) is of great importance because of global environmental concerns. Tillage-induced soil erosion is one of the major processes affecting the redistribution of SOC in fields. However, few direct measurements have been made to investigate the dynamic process of SOC under intensive tillage in the field. Our objective was to test the potential of Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) for directly assessing SOC redistribution on sloping land as affected by tillage. Fifty plowing operations were conducted over a 5-day period using a donkey-drawn moldboard plow on a steep backslope of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Profile variations of SOC, Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) concentrations were measured in the upper, middle and lower positions of the control plot and the plot plowed 50 times. Cs-137 concentration did not show variations in the upper 0-30 cm of soil whereas Pb-210(ex) showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) with soil depth in the upper and middle positions, and an exponential decrease (P < 0.01) at the lower position of the control plot. The amounts of SOC, Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) of sampling soil profiles increased in the following order: lower > middle > upper positions on the control plot. Intensive tillage resulted in a decrease of SOC amounts by 35% in the upper and by 44% in the middle positions for the soil layers of 0-45 cm, and an increase by 21% in the complete soil profile (0-100 cm) at the lower position as compared with control plot. Coefficients of variation (CVs) of SOC in soil profile decreased by 18.2% in the upper, 12.8% in the middle, and 30.9% in the lower slope positions whereas CVs of Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) decreased more than 31% for all slope positions after 50 tillage events. Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) in soil profile were significantly linearly correlated with SOC with R-2 of 0.81 and 0.86 (P < 0.01) on the control plot, and with R-2 of 0.90 and 0.86 (P < 0.01) on the treatment plot. Our results evidenced that Cs-37 and Pb-210(ex), and SOC moved on the sloping land by the same physical mechanism during tillage operations, indicating that fallout Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) could be used directly for quantifying dynamic SOC redistribution as affected by tillage erosion. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroenvironm & Sustainable Dev, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroenvironm & Sustainable Dev, 12 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yongli32@yahoo.com.cn NR 45 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 015UU UT WOS:000235577500005 ER PT J AU Van Berkum, P Lelbold, JM Eardly, BD AF Van Berkum, P Lelbold, JM Eardly, BD TI Proposal for combining Bradyrhizobium spp. (Aeschynomene indica) with Blastobacter denitrificans and to transfer Blastobacter denitrificans (Hirsch and Muller, 1985) to the genus Bradyrhizobium as Bradyrhizobium denitrificans (comb. nov.) SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeschynomene indical; Bradyhizobium; Blastobacter; symbiosis; nodulation; nitrogen fixation; phototroph; 16S; 23S; PufM ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHEROIDES; SOYBEAN BRADYRHIZOBIA; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BUDDING BACTERIA; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; RHIZOBIACEAE; CAPSULATUS; JAPONICUM AB The symbiotic bradyrhizobia of Aeschynomene indica and the aquatic budding bacterium Blastobacter denitrificans have much in common and this study broadens the characters that are shared between the two. The 23S rRNA gene sequences of the bradyrhizobial isolates were most similar to each other and to the sequence of BL denitrificans. Evidence for the presence of photosynthetic genes in the genome of Bl. denitrificans was obtained by PCR using of the photosynthetic reaction center present in purple sulfur and purple primers to the conserved M subunit (pufM) nonsulfur bacteria. The deduced amino acid sequences of the partial PufM protein of BL denitrificans and the corresponding sequences obtained from the bradyrhizobial isolates were identical. Both the bradyrhizobial isolates and the type strain of BL denitrificans shared the ability to propagate by budding. demonstrated by electron microscopy. Even though many interspecific characters were shared among the bradyrhizobial isolates including BL denitrificans, it was evident from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis that genomic variation existed among the collection that was examined. Variation among bradyrhizobial isolates and BL denitrificans also was established in carbon and nitrogen Source utilization and the ability to grow at elevated temperature. Based on these results and previously reported evidence it is suggested that the type strain for BL denitrificans and the bradyrhizobial isolates from nodules of A. indica belong to a common group of bacteria. Therefore, it is proposed that they be combined into the genus Bradyrhizobium and that LMG 8443 be transferred to this genus as the type strain for B. denitrificans. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Berks Lehigh Valley Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP Van Berkum, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, HH-4,Bldg 010,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pberkum@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.07.014 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 039XZ UT WOS:000237343200004 PM 16564957 ER PT J AU Klungness, JH Gleisner, R Mann, D Scallon, KL Zhu, JY Horn, EG Edwards, LL AF Klungness, JH Gleisner, R Mann, D Scallon, KL Zhu, JY Horn, EG Edwards, LL TI Evaluation of forest thinning materials for TMP production SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD; RADIATA; TREES AB We used SilviScan analysis and tracheid measurement to evaluate the effect of suppressed growth on the fundamental properties of wood fiber. Suppressed growth reduced cell tracheid length, but the high content of mature wood may translate into longer fibers overall. In pilot-scale refining experiments, blending 25% chips from small-diameter trees (SMID) with 75% mill wood chips produced slightly better quality pulp compared with pulp from a control mill wood chip sample. The pulp fro m the SMD mix had slightly lower shives and fines content than that of the control pulp. Handsheets from the SMD mix pulp had improved tensile strength and optical properties compared with the control. We conclude that suppressed growth trees are superior to normal growth trees for thermomechanical pulp production because of uniformity in cell geometry, thin cell walls, and higher content of mature wood. Moreover, the thin cell walls of suppressed growth trees may require less refining intensity or energy to produce good quality pulp. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. BioPulping Int Inc, Madison, WI USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Klungness, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 038DJ UT WOS:000237198400003 ER PT J AU Lu, HJ Fellers, JP Friesen, TL Meinhardt, SW Faris, JD AF Lu, HJ Fellers, JP Friesen, TL Meinhardt, SW Faris, JD TI Genomic analysis and marker development for the Tsn1 locus in wheat using bin-mapped ESTs and flanking BAC contigs SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; NECROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; GENE-RICH REGIONS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; MONOCOCCUM L.; COMMON WHEAT; TAN SPOT; MICROSATELLITE; SEQUENCE; DNA AB The wheat Tsn1 gene confers sensitivity to the host-selective toxin Ptr ToxA produced by the tan spot fungus (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). The long-term goal of this research is to isolate Tsn1 using a positional cloning approach. Here, we evaluated 54 ESTs (expressed sequence tags) physically mapped to deletion bin 5BL 0.75-0.76, which is a gene-rich region containing Tsn1. Twenty-three EST loci were mapped as either PCR-based single-stranded conformational polymorphism or RFLP markers in a low-resolution wheat population. The genetic map corresponding to the 5BL 0.75-0.76 deletion bin spans 18.5 cM and contains 37 markers for a density of 2 markers/cM. The EST-based genetic map will be useful for tagging other genes, establishing colinearity with rice, and anchoring sequence ready BAC contigs of the 5BL 0.75-0.76 deletion bin. High-resolution mapping showed that EST-derived markers together with previously developed AFLP-derived markers delineated Tsn1 to a 0.8 cM interval. Flanking markers were used to screen the Langdon durum BAC library and contigs of 205 and 228 kb flanking Tsn1 were assembled, sequenced, and anchored to the genetic map. Recombination frequency averaged 760 kb/cM across the 228 kb contig, but no recombination was observed across the 205 kb contig resulting in an expected recombination frequency of more than 10 Mb/cM. Therefore, chromosome walking within the Tsn1 region may be difficult. However, the sequenced BACs allowed the identification of one microsatellite in each contig for which markers were developed and shown to be highly suitable for marker-assisted selection of Tsn1. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM farisj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2006 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1132 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0215-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 028KP UT WOS:000236486600014 PM 16456656 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Lagrimini, LM AF Dowd, PF Lagrimini, LM TI Examination of the biological effects of high anionic peroxidase production in tobacco plants grown under field conditions. I. Insect pest damage SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aphids; insect resistance; Lepidoptera; peroxidase; whiteflies ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-EARWORM; SWEET CORN; LEAF RESISTANCE; MAIZE; NOCTUIDAE; BT; NICOTIANA; RESPONSES AB At least 25 wild type and high peroxidase tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. plants were examined semiweekly over several weeks for pest insect distribution and damage in a 2 year field study. Incidence and/or severity of naturally occurring caterpillar damage (dingy cutworm (Feltia ducens Walker), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.), and false tobacco budworm (= corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)) was significantly reduced at several sample dates for high peroxidase vs. wild type plants. These results parallel those of prior laboratory studies with caterpillars. The number of adult whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) per plant was significantly reduced on high peroxidase compared to wild type plants on most sample dates in both years. The number of plants with leaves containing > 100 aphids (primarily Myzus persicae Sulzer) per leaf on high peroxidase plants was significantly lower that on wild type plants after an equivalent invasion period in both years. A significantly higher proportion of aphids were found dead on leaf five of high peroxidase compared to wild type plants at most sample dates in both years. These results indicate that high peroxidase plants have resistance to a wide range of insects, implicating this enzyme as a broad range resistance mechanism. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dowdpf@ncaur.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11248-005-3913-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 031EB UT WOS:000236685800006 PM 16604460 ER PT J AU Jermstad, KD Sheppard, LA Kinloch, BB Delfino-Mix, A Ersoz, ES Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB AF Jermstad, K. D. Sheppard, L. A. Kinloch, B. B. Delfino-Mix, A. Ersoz, E. S. Krutovsky, K. V. Neale, D. B. TI Isolation of a full-length CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene analog candidate from sugar pine showing low nucleotide diversity SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE resistance gene analog; SNP; haplotype; nucleotide diversity ID WESTERN WHITE-PINE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; BLISTER RUST; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SALICYLIC-ACID AB The nucleotide-binding-site and leucine-rich-repeat (NBS-LRR) class of R proteins is abundant and widely distributed in plants. By using degenerate primers designed on the NBS domain in lettuce, we amplified sequences in sugar pine that shared sequence identity with many of the NBS-LRR class resistance genes catalogued in GenBank. The polymerase chain reaction products were used to probe a cDNA library constructed from needle tissue of sugar pine seedlings. A full-length cDNA was obtained that demonstrated high predicted amino acid sequence similarity to the coiled coil (CC)-NBS-LRR subclass of NBS-LRR resistance proteins in GenBank. Sequence analyses of this gene in megagametophytes from two sugar pine trees segregating for the hypersensitive response to white pine blister rust revealed zero nucleotide variation. Moreover, there was no variation found in 24 unrelated sugar pine trees except for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in the 3' untranslated region. Compared to other genes sequenced in Pinaceae, such a low level of sequence variation in unrelated individuals is unusual. Although, numerous studies have reported that plant R genes are under diversifying selection for specificity to evolving pathogens, the resistance gene analog discussed here appears to be under intense purifying selection. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0029-6 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 148LR UT WOS:000245076600002 ER PT J AU Yu, Q Li, B Nelson, CD McKeand, SE Batista, VB Mullin, TJ AF Yu, Q. Li, B. Nelson, C. D. McKeand, S. E. Batista, V. B. Mullin, T. J. TI Association of the cad-n1 allele with increased stem growth and wood density in full-sib families of loblolly pine SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; half-diallel mating; null mutation; heterozygotes; stem growth; wood density ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE; MUTANT; INHERITANCE; DEFICIENT; MUTATION; TRAITS; TAEDA; QTLS AB Stem growth and wood density associated with a mutant null (cad-n1) allele were examined in three 15-year-old loblolly pine half-diallel tests established on two sites in the southern United States. In each half-diallel test, one or two cad-n1 heterozygous parents were crossed with five unrelated wild-type parents to produce five or ten full-sib families. In all, 839 trees from 20 full-sib families in four genetic backgrounds (a cad-n1 heterozygote x five unrelated trees) were sampled, genotyped at the cad locus, and assessed for growth and wood density traits. In a combined analysis of all four genetic backgrounds, we found evidence for effects of increased wood density associated with the cad-n1 allele at age 15 years (p=0.03) and height growth at ages 6 (p=0.03) and 15 (p=0.005). There were differences in the cad-n1 effects for the various growth and wood traits among the half-diallel tests. This variation may be due to either different genetic backgrounds among the parents of the different half-diallel tests or for different growing environments at the field sites. Even though the cad-n1 effect on growth and wood density was significant across genetic backgrounds, the effect was variable among full-sib families within backgrounds. We speculate that certain wild-type alleles from second parents specifically interact with cad-n1 producing large positive effects. In addition, pleiotropic effects on growth and wood density appear to be associated with the cad-n1 allele. While substantial gains are possible through deployment of trees carrving cad-n1, these gains may be family-specific and should be verified for each cross through field-testing. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. BioSylve Forest Sci New Zealand Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Yu, Q (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forest & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM qibin_yu@ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0032-y PG 11 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 148LR UT WOS:000245076600004 ER PT J AU Jermstad, KA Sheppard, LA Kinloch, BB Delfino-Mix, A Ersoz, ES Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB AF Jermstad, K. A. Sheppard, L. A. Kinloch, B. B. Delfino-Mix, A. Ersoz, E. S. Krutovsky, K. V. Neale, D. B. TI Isolation of a full-length CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene analog candidate from sugar pine showing low nucleotide diversity (vol 6, pg 76, 2006) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Correction C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.cdu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 120 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s11295-006-0039-z PG 1 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 148LR UT WOS:000245076600006 ER PT J AU Bailey, JD Harrington, CA AF Bailey, JD Harrington, CA TI Temperature regulation of bud-burst phenology within and among years in a young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantation in western Washington, USA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bud break; chilling; dormancy; freezing; heat forcing; heat sum; photoperiod ID SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; DORMANCY RELEASE; NORWAY SPRUCE; CHILLING REQUIREMENT; THERMAL TIME; TREES; SEEDLINGS; BUDBURST; PHOTOPERIOD; PROVENANCE AB Past research has established that terminal buds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings from many seed sources have a chilling requirement of about 1200 h at 0-5 degrees C; once chilled, temperatures > 5 degrees C force bud burst via accumulation of heat units. We tested this sequential bud-burst model in the field to determine whether terminal buds of trees in cooler microsites, which receive less heat forcing, develop more slowly than those in warmer microsites. For three years we monitored terminal bud development in young saplings as well as soil and air temperatures on large, replicated plots in a harvest unit, plots differed in microclimate based on amount of harvest residue and shade from neighboring stands. In two of three years, trees on cooler microsites broke bud 2 to 4 days earlier than those on warmer microsites, despite receiving less heat forcing from March to May each year. A simple sequential model did not predict cooler sites having earlier bud burst nor did it Correctly predict the order of bud burst across the three years. We modified the basic heat-forcing model to initialize, or reset to zero. the accumulation of heat units whenever significant freezing temperature events ( ! 3 degree-hours day(-1) < 0 degrees C) Occurred: this modified model correctly predicted the sequence of bud burst across years. Soil temperature alone or in combination with air temperature did not improve our predictions of bud burst. Past models of bud burst have relied heavily on data from controlled experiments with simple temperature patterns analysis of more variable temperature patterns from our 3-year field trial, however, indicated that simple models of bud burst are inaccurate. More complex models that incorporate chilling hours, heat forcing, photoperiod and the occurrence of freeze events in the spring may be needed to predict effects of future silvicultural treatments as well to interpret the implications of climate-change scenarios. Developing and testing new models will require data from both field and controlled-environment experiments. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Bailey, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, 280 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM john.bailey@oregonstate.edu RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 21 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 027TQ UT WOS:000236438900003 PM 16414921 ER PT J AU Kaye, JP Groffman, PM Grimm, NB Baker, LA Pouyat, RV AF Kaye, JP Groffman, PM Grimm, NB Baker, LA Pouyat, RV TI A distinct urban biogeochemistry? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID RIPARIAN ZONES; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NEW-YORK; WATER; URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEM; PHOENIX AB Most of the global human population lives in urban areas where biogeochemical cycles are controlled by complex interactions between society and the environment. Urban ecology is an emerging discipline that seeks to understand these interactions, and one of the grand challenges for urban ecologists is to develop models that encompass the myriad influences of people on biogeochemistry. We suggest here that existing models, developed primarily in unmanaged and agricultural ecosystems, work poorly in urban ecosystems because they do not include human biogeochemical controls such as impervious surface proliferation, engineered aqueous flow paths, landscaping choices, and human demographic trends. Incorporating these human controls into biogeochemical models will advance urban ecology and will require enhanced collaborations with engineers and social scientists. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Minnesota Water Resources Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Kaye, JP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jpk12@psu.edu RI Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009 OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X NR 71 TC 239 Z9 278 U1 17 U2 171 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.12.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 037KB UT WOS:000237144500007 PM 16701085 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Spackman, E Woolcock, PR AF Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Spackman, E Woolcock, PR TI Phylogenetic analysis of turkey astroviruses reveals evidence of recombination SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE turkey astrovirus; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis; recombination ID POULT ENTERITIS COMPLEX; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RNA RECOMBINATION; AVIAN ASTROVIRUS; VIRUSES; EVOLUTION; CORONAVIRUS; CALICIVIRUS; EXPRESSION; GENOGROUP AB Sequence data was obtained from the capsid (ORF-2) and the polymerase (ORF-lb) genes of 23 turkey astrovirus (TAstV) isolates collected from commercial turkey flocks around the United States between 2003 and 2004. A high level of genetic variation was observed among the isolates, particularly in the capsid gene, where nucleotide sequence identity among them was as low as 69%. Isolates collected on the same farm, on the same day, but from different houses could have as little as 72% identity between their capsid gene sequences when compared. Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid gene revealed no clear assortment by geographic region or isolation date. The polymerase gene was more conserved with between 86 and 99% nucleotide identity and did assort in a geographic manner. Based on differing topologies of the capsid and polymerase gene phylogenetic trees, TAstV appears to undergo recombination. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mpantin-jackwood@seprl.usda.gov; espackman@seprl.usda.gov; prwoolcock@ucdavis.edu NR 37 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s11262-005-6875-3 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 031ED UT WOS:000236686000010 PM 16604451 ER PT J AU Ding, JB Cui, ZZ Lee, LF Cui, XP Reddy, SM AF Ding, JB Cui, ZZ Lee, LF Cui, XP Reddy, SM TI The role of pp38 in regulation of Marek's disease virus bi-directional promoter between pp38 and 1.8-kb mRNA SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus (MDV); pp38; bi-directional promoter; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT); DNA mobility shift ID LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; UNIQUE REGION; PHOSPHORYLATED POLYPEPTIDES; TRANSFORMED-CELLS; INVERTED REPEATS; DNA-REPLICATION; GENE FAMILY; BAMHI-H; GENOME; HERPESVIRUS AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) contains a bi-directional promoters located between pp38 gene and 1.8-kb mRNA in the long inverted repeat region of the viral genome. The involvement of pp38 gene in up-regulating the activity of these promoters was analyzed by transient expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Two CAT reporter plasmids, pP(pp38)-CAT and pP(1.8-kb)-CAT, were constructed to express CAT under the control of the bi-directional promoter in both orientations. These plasmids were transfected into chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF), infected with rMd5 and pp38 deleted rMd5 (rMd5/Delta pp38), respectively. No CAT activity was detected in uninfected CEF as expected. CAT activities in rMd5/Delta pp38 virus infected CEF (rMd5/Delta pp38-CEF) were 3.5-fold lower using pP(pp38)-CAT and 12-fold lower using pP(1.8-kb)-CAT than those of the parental rMd5 infected CEF (rMd5-CEF). The significantly lower promoter activity in the pp38 deletion virus suggests that pp38 can regulate the activity of the bi-directional promoters, especially in the direction of 1.8-kb mRNA family. Co-transfection of pp38-expressing plasmid (pcDNA-pp38) into rMd5/Delta pp38-CEF significantly increased the activity of the bi-directional promoters using either pP(pp38)-CAT or pP(1.8-kb)-CAT. DNA mobility shift assay showed a binding of the 73-bp sequence of the bi-directional promoter with rMd5-CEF but not with rMd5/Delta pp38-CEF or uninfected CEF lysates. However, rMd5/Delta pp38-CEF lysates could bind the same 73-bp promoter sequence when co-transfected with pp38-expressing plasmid (pcDNA-pp38). All these data taken together suggest pp38 plays an important role in regulating the transcriptional activity of the bi-directional promoter. C1 Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China. USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cui, ZZ (reprint author), Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China. EM zzcui@sdau.edu.cn NR 30 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s11262-005-6876-2 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 031ED UT WOS:000236686000011 PM 16604452 ER PT J AU Paramasivam, S Sajwan, KS Alva, AK AF Paramasivam, S Sajwan, KS Alva, AK TI Incinerated sewage sludge products as amendments for agricultural soils: Leaching and plant uptake of trace elements SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE incinerated sewage sludge; leaching; sewage sludge; trace elements; weathered incinerated sewage sludge ID SOLID-WASTE INCINERATOR; HEAVY-METALS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FLY-ASH; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS AB Preliminary leaching column and greenhouse plant uptake studies were conducted in two soils with contrasting characteristics amended with varying rates (0 to 148.3 Mg ha(-1)) of incinerated sewage sludge (ISS) and weathered sewage sludge (WISS) to estimate the leaching losses of trace elements from the soils amended with incinerated sewage sludge by products and to evaluate the uptake and accumulation of these elements in various parts of Sorghum vulgaris var. sudanense Hitche. ("Sorgrass''), a Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid. Results of this study indicated that leaching of Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe and Mn from soils amended with ISS and WISS increased with increasing rates of amendment. Results of the leaching column study further revealed greater leaching losses from coarse-textured soil compared to medium-textured soil and also from ISS amended soils than with WISS amended soils. Results further suggested that the type of element and the interaction between the element and soil properties affected the leachability of various trace elements. The uptake study indicated uptake and accumulation of trace elements by plant parts increased with increasing rates of amendments. Greater plant uptake and accumulation of trace elements were observed in plant parts grown in soils amended with ISS compared to that of WISS. Results also indicated a greater accumulation of trace elements in below ground part of the plants (roots) compared to that was observed in above ground parts (shoots). Limited data obtained from this one season preliminary studies demonstrated that incinerated sewage sludge products from wastewater treatment plants could be used as soil amendments at low application (no more than 24.7 Mg ha(-1)) for optimum plant growth, and dry matter yield without resulting in substantial accumulation of metals in plant parts at concentrations above the recommended critical limits and without causing significant leaching losses of various trace elements. It is imperative that long-term field studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term impact of using these new products in leaching and accumulation of various trace elements in plants and soils. C1 Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Ctr Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Paramasivam, S (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Ctr Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol, POB 20600, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM Siva@savstate.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-9042-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 033EF UT WOS:000236828700017 ER PT J AU Dalley, CD Bernards, ML Kells, JJ AF Dalley, CD Bernards, ML Kells, JJ TI Effect of weed removal timing and row spacing on soil moisture in corn (Zea mays) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrow-row corn; glyphosate-resistant; weed interference; weed competition; time domain reflectometry; soil water ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; CRITICAL PERIOD; PLANT-POPULATION; GROWTH ANALYSIS; GIANT FOXTAIL; WATER-USE; GLYPHOSATE; INTERFERENCE; MANAGEMENT; COMPETITION AB Glyphosate-resistant corn was grown in 38- and 76-cm row spacings at two locations in 2001 to examine the effect of weed competition and row spacing on soil moisture. Volumetric soil moisture was measured to a depth of 0.9 m in 18-cm increments. Glyphosate was applied when average weed canopy heights reached 5, 10, 15, 23, and 30 cm. Season-long weed interference reduced soil moisture compared with the weed free controls. At Clarksville, MI, where common lambsquarters was the dominant weed species, weed interference reduced soil moisture in the 0- to 18-cm soil depth from late June through early August and at the 54- to 72- and 72- to 90-cm depths from mid-July through the end of the season. At East Lansing, MI, where giant foxtail was the dominant weed species, weed interference reduced soil moisture at the 18- to 36-, 36- to 54-, and 54- to 72-cm soil depths from mid-June to the end of the season. Season-long weed competition reduced yields more than 90% at each location. Weeds that emerged after the 5-cm glyphosate timing reduced soil moisture and grain yield at both locations. Delaying glyphosate applications until weeds reached 23 cm or more in height reduced corn yield at both locations and soil moisture at East Lansing. Grain yields in the 10- and 15-cm glyphosate-timing treatments were equal to the weedfree corn, even though soil moisture was less during pollination and grain fill. Row;pacing did not affect grain yield but did affect soil moisture. Soil moisture was greater in the 76-cm row spacing, suggesting that corn in the 38-cm row spacing may have been able to access soil moisture more effectively. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kells, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM kells@msu.edu NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 399 EP 409 DI 10.1614/WT-05-098R.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055UP UT WOS:000238476300020 ER PT J AU Stone, JC Peeper, TF Stone, AE AF Stone, JC Peeper, TF Stone, AE TI Rotational cropping systems to reduce cheat (Bromus secalinus) densities SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE economics; net returns; Oklahoma ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WINTER-WHEAT; DOSE-RESPONSES; MANAGEMENT; MON-37500; TECTORUM; WEEDS AB In the Southern Great Plains, producers of hard red winter wheat seek sustainable methods for controlling cheat and improving economic returns. Experiments were conducted at two sites in north-central Oklahoma to determine the effect of cheat management programs, with various weed control strategies, on cheat densities and total net returns. The cheat management programs, initiated following harvest of winter wheat, included conventionally tilled, double-crop grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) followed by soybean (Glycine max L.); and continuous winter wheat. Rotating out of winter wheat for one growing season increased yield of succedent wheat up to 32.% and 42% at Billings and Ponca City, respectively. Dockage due to cheat in the succedent wheat was reduced up to 78% and 87% by rotating out of winter wheat for one growing season at Billings and Ponca City, respectively. Cheat management programs including a crop rotation with herbicides applied to the grain sorghum, except for an application of atrazine + metolachlor at Ponca City, improved total net returns over the nontreated continuous wheat option. Cheat panicles in the succedent wheat were reduced up to 87% by rotation out of winter wheat for one growing season. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Stone, JC (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, 5501 N Pleasant View Rd, Newkirk, OK 74647 USA. EM stone_ae@hotmail.com NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 445 EP 452 DI 10.1614/WT-05-107R1.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055UP UT WOS:000238476300026 ER PT J AU Donald, WW Nelson, K AF Donald, WW Nelson, K TI Practical changes to single-boom sprayers for zone herbicide application SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE band application; banding; chloroacetamide; reduced rate; triazine; weed ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; WEED-CONTROL; RESIDUAL HERBICIDE; CRITICAL PERIOD; RATES; MANAGEMENT AB Reduced-rate zone herbicide application (ZHA) consists of banding reduced herbicide rates between crop rows (<= full broadcast registered rate, 1x) and banding much reduced herbicide rates over crop rows (<< I X). The objective of this research was to compare the mechanically complicated dual-boom ZHA sprayer with a much simpler, single-boom ZHA sprayer for controlling giant foxtail and common waterhemp in field corn in 2003 and 2004 in Missouri. The dual-boom ZHA sprayer employed two different herbicide solutions, which were propelled through two booms on separate sprayer systems to apply different herbicide rates over in-row and between-row areas while maintaining similar carrier volumes and coverage through two booms. In contrast, the single-boom ZHA sprayer is a mechanically simpler system in which both herbicide rates and carrier volumes were varied across one boom over in-row (IR) and between-row (BR) areas. In single-boom ZHA, two different nozzle tips were alternated on one boom over in-row and between-row areas, the number of nozzles per boom was doubled, and the distance between nozzles was halved compared with a conventional sprayer boom. In a 2-yr study, these different ZHA sprayers were used to apply pre-emergence atrazine + S-metolachlor between and over crop rows at various reduced rates (1X = 2,240 + 1,750 g ai/ha, respectively). Among all single- and dual-boom ZHA sprayer treatments and the weed-free checks, corn yields and in-row total weed cover were statistically indistinguishable for both years and for between-row total weed cover in I of 2 yr. In both years, a single-boom ZHA system prevented yield loss from competing weeds as effectively as the dual-boom ZHA system. The new single-boom ZHA system is a mechanically simple, inexpensive, generic alternative for reducing herbicide rates and lowering input costs. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Greenley Res Ctr, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM DonaldW@missouri.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1614/WT-05-115R.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055UP UT WOS:000238476300034 ER PT J AU Berry, AH Donovan, G Hesseln, H AF Berry, AH Donovan, G Hesseln, H TI Prescribed burning costs and the WUI: Economic effects in the Pacific Northwest SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE prescribed burning; wildland-urban interface; economics; cost structure AB Federal fuels managers are increasingly using prescribed fire to decrease hazardous fuels and risks to resources in wildland and urban settings. Two factors have become apparent throughout the last several years: prescribed burning costs are rising, and costs exhibit substantial variability (NIFC 2003). Federal fire managers are bound by federal policy to allocate resources efficiently, yet this is difficult without a full understanding of the cost structure of fuels management. Previous studies have examined factors influencing costs but have also grappled with a lack of consistent or reliable data. This study uses FASTRACS (Fuel Analysis, Smoke Tracking, Report Access Computer System), a database maintained by the Pacific Northwest region of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management. The database provides information for Washington and Oregon on costs, physical site characteristics, and managerial concerns for fuels management activities. Using multiple regression analysis, we show that the cost of fuels management is influenced by the wildland-urban interface, number of acres treated, designated protection areas, slope, elevation, treatment type, fire regime, agency, and season. Prescribed burning in the wildland-urban interface increased costs, ceteris paribus, 139%. Findings with respect to physical site characteristics were similar to those found in previous research. C1 PERC, Bozeman, MT USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Agr Econ, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Berry, AH (reprint author), PERC, Bozeman, MT USA. EM aberry@perc.org; gdonovan@fs.fed.us; h.hesseln@usask.ca NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 032DS UT WOS:000236754700003 ER PT J AU Akay, AE Sessions, J Bettinger, P Toupin, R Eklund, A AF Akay, AE Sessions, J Bettinger, P Toupin, R Eklund, A TI Evaluating the salvage value of fire-killed timber by helicopter - Effects of yarding distance and time since fire SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire salvage; helicopter logging; logging planning; wood deterioration AB Recently, large areas of federal lands in the western United States have been subject to wildfire. Concerns about hastening restoration, soil disturbance, and road building have prompted consideration of helicopter logging. Normal planning procedures on federal lands are not sensitive to the rapid decline in the recoverable economic value of fire-killed timber. The economic value of fire-killed timber is dependent on logging costs and time since tree death. A model is developed to calculate value of fire-killed timber as a function of time since death and yarding distance using helicopters as the preferred logging method. Applications of the method to tactical planning are discussed. C1 Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Forest Engn Dept, Fac Forestry, TR-46100 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Akay, AE (reprint author), Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Forest Engn Dept, Fac Forestry, TR-46100 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. EM akay@ksu.edu.tr; john.sessions@oregonstate.edu; pbettinger@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; rtoupin@fs.fed.us; aaron.eklund@oregonstate.edu OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 032DS UT WOS:000236754700007 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Nolte, DL AF Kimball, BA Nolte, DL TI Development of a new deer repellent for the protection of forest resources SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; browsing; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; reforestation; wildlife damage; wildlife management ID SEEDLINGS; EFFICACY AB We have identified hydrolyzed casein as a promising repellent for minimizing damage to forest resources inflicted by browsing ungulates. Eight and twelve percent hydrolyzed casein formulations prepared in water with a latex-based agricultural sticker significantly reduced browse damage by captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to western redcedar (Thuja plicata) saplings. These repellent formulations call be prepared by the user at significant cost savings versus commercial products. C1 USDA, WS, NWRC, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA, WS, NWRC, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 032DS UT WOS:000236754700008 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Simpson, WT AF Wang, XP Simpson, WT TI Using acoustic analysis to presort warp-prone ponderosa pine 2 by 4s before kiln-drying SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE green board; warp; presort; acoustic speed; rate of wave attenuation; acoustic modulus of elasticity ID LUMBER; ELASTICITY; MODULUS; STUDS; LOGS AB This study evaluated the potential of acoustic analysis as presorting criteria to identify warp-prone boards before kiln-drying. Dimension lumber, 38 by 89 mm (nominal 2 by 4 in.) and 2.44 m (8 ft) long, sawn from open-grown small-diameter ponderosa pine trees, was acoustically tested lengthwise at green condition. Three acoustic properties (acoustic speed, rate of wave attenuation, and acoustic modulus of elasticity (MOE)) were then determined through waveform analysis. Boards were then kiln-dried, and warp was measured immediately after drying and after equilibrating to about 13% equilibrium moisture content. Crook and bow measured after drying decreased as acoustic speed and acoustic MOE of green boards increased and rate of wave attenuation of green boards decreased. Twist was found to have no relationship with any acoustic properties of green 2 by 4s. The results also show a statistically significant correlation between acoustic properties of green 2 by 4s and the grade loss caused by exceeding warp limits. As the number of Structural Light Framing grade losses increased, the acoustic speed and acoustic MOE decreased significantly, whereas rate of wave attenuation increased significantly. However, no relationship was found between green board density and warp and grades lost. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 206 EP 214 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 038XI UT WOS:000237262400003 ER PT J AU Ray, CD Zuo, X Wiedenbeck, JK AF Ray, CD Zuo, X Wiedenbeck, JK TI The Lean Index: Operational "lean" metrics for the wood products industry SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE business metrics; factor analysis; lean production ID SIMILARITY AB No standard definition for lean production exists today, especially specific to the wood products industries. From a management point of view. even the more straightforward management issues surrounding the concept of "lean" are complex. This exploratory research seeks to develop a methodology for quantitative and objective assessment of the leanness of any wood products operation. Factor analysis is a statistical approach that describes the patterns of relationships among quantifiable predictor variables. with the goal of identifying variables that cannot be directly measured, such as the leanness of a company. Using this technique, a factor model was identified and a factor score, or "Lean Index," was developed. For the nine wood products companies included in this study, the average Lean Index is demonstrated to be 5.07, ranging from a low of 2.33 to a high of 12.00. Based oil the quantified standards of lean production developed in this study, (1) primary wood products operations are inherently leaner than secondary wood products operations; (2) process throughput variables explain approximately twice the total variance of all consumed resources, compared to process support variables; and (3) energy consumption is shown to be the single most significant contributor to the leanness of any wood products company. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Ray, CD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 238 EP 255 PG 18 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 038XI UT WOS:000237262400006 ER PT J AU Rahman, AA Urbanik, TJ Mahamid, M AF Rahman, AA Urbanik, TJ Mahamid, M TI FE analysis of creep and hygroexpansion response of a corrugated fiberboarad to a moisture flow: A transient nonlinear analysis SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corrugated fiberboard; finite element analysis (FEA); moisture diffusion; creep; liner; medium; coefficient of moisture conductivity; coefficient of moisture expansion ID MODEL AB This paper presents a model using finite element method to study the response of a typical commercial corrugated fiberboard due to all induced moisture function at one side of the fiberboard. The model predicts how the moisture diffusion will permeate through the fiberboard's layers (medium and liners) providing information on Moisture content at any given point throughout the structure. The hygroexpansion response and the creep response were predicted through the development of a finite element model capable of capturing the behavior of the fiberboard. Comparing the results generated from the model with actual experimental results validates the accuracy of the Computational model. The model predicts the deformation response due to combined hygroexpansion and creep as the relative humidity rises from 38% RH to 86%. The parameters studied and calibrated include: the coefficient of moisture diffusion of the liner and the medium boards, the coefficient of moisture expansion, and the constants in the creep constitutive law. The results generated from the finite element model showed excellent agreement with the experimental results for a short column corrugated fiberboard and a board model representing a container box side-panel dimension. The results were generated in a cyclic relative humidity condition. A successful development of a reliable computational model holds the promise for analyzing collapse mechanism of container boxes in the service field under real weather condition data without dependency on expensive time-consuming experimental investigations. This is of great benefit to the shipping industry and the public. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Graef Anhalt Schloemer & Associates Inc, Milwaukee, WI 53214 USA. RP Rahman, AA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 268 EP 277 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 038XI UT WOS:000237262400008 ER PT J AU Clark, A Daniels, RF Jordan, L AF Clark, A Daniels, RF Jordan, L TI Juvenile/mature wood transition in loblolly pine as defined by annual ring specific gravity, proportion of latewood, and microfibril angle SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE juvenile/inature transition; Pinus taeda L.; specific gravity; percent latewood; MFA ID MATURE WOOD; DENSITY; GROWTH; TREES; AGE AB The length of juvenility or number of years a tree produces juvenile wood at a fixed height can be defined by the age of the wood at which properties change from juvenile to mature wood. This paper estimates the age of transition from juvenile to mature wood based on ring specific gravity (SG), proportion of annual ring in latewood, and ring average microfibril angle (MFA). The threshold method and the segmented modeling approach were used to estimate the age of transition. Twenty loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations, 20-27 years old, were sampled across five physiographic regions in the southern United States. Increment cores were collected at 1.3 meters from 15 trees in each stand to determine ring specific gravity and proportion of latewood by X-ray densitometry and annual ring MFA by X-ray diffraction. Precisely determining the transition age between juvenile and mature wood was difficult because transition is gradual, not abrupt. The age of transition was found to differ by wood property because these properties mature at different rates due to genetic and environmental factors. Both the threshold and the segmented model approach showed that transition age varied among regions. Both approaches showed that length of juvenility based on ring SG was shorter in the South Atlantic and North Atlantic Coastal Plains (ranging from 5.5 to 7.9 years) compared to that in the Hilly Coastal Plain that ranged front 10.4 to 13.6 years. Using MFA to estimate the age of demarcation, both approaches showed the South Atlantic, Gulf Coastal, and Hilly Coastal Plains had shorter lengths of juvenility (ranging from 8.4 to 10.4 years) than the Piedmont and North Atlantic Coastal Plain (ranging from 10.5 to over 20 years). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warner Sch Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Clark, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 038XI UT WOS:000237262400010 ER PT J AU Shupe, TF Hse, CY Roliadi, H AF Shupe, TF Hse, CY Roliadi, H TI Removal of creosote from wood particles at different horizontal and vertical locations of decommissioned poles using steam treatment SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE creosote; wood poles; sawdust; steam ID SERVICE UTILITY POLES; TREATED WOOD; EXPLOSION; CCA AB This study used steam treatment to evaluate the potential of this method to remove residual creosote content of sawdust from weathered, out-of-service poles. Steaming Was Successful in reducing the creosote content to a level of 1.31%, regardless of creosote content at the start of the steaming treatment. Poles with higher initial creosote contents required longer steaming durations. At any given initial preservative content, creosote removal from weathered poles was more difficult than from freshly treated poles. Moreover, creosote from samples taken near the inner core of the poles was also more difficult to remove than creosote in the cuter portions of the poles. Steaming proved an efficient mechanism to remove creosote. Some other technology must be applied to remove creosote content below 1.31%. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Forest Prod Res Ctr, Bogor, Indonesia. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 038XI UT WOS:000237262400015 ER PT J AU Grushecky, ST Buehlmann, U Schuler, A Luppold, W Cesa, E AF Grushecky, ST Buehlmann, U Schuler, A Luppold, W Cesa, E TI Decline in the US furniture industry: A case study of the impacts to the hardwood lumber supply chain SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE furniture industry; hardwood markets ID SAWMILLING INDUSTRY; COMPETITIVENESS AB Traditionally, the wood household furniture industry has accounted for a sizeable portion of total hardwood lumber use in the United States. However, for more than a decade, imports have gained an increasing share of the hardwood furniture market, and lumber consumption by this industry has declined dramatically in the last 5 years. We used a case study methodology to investigate the impacts of this decline on the hardwood lumber Supply chain. Eleven companies within the hardwood lumber supply chain were chosen as cases: 3 furniture manufacturers, 5 primary producers, and 3 components manufacturers. Seven core questions were asked during each interview and primary producers were asked two additional questions. Questions ranged from the impact of lean manufacturing techniques to the effects "green" certification may have on the industry. Furniture manufacturers appeared to be more optimistic regarding the future of the domestic furniture industry compared to the primary and components manufacturers. Furniture market declines have been quickly replaced by the cabinet and solid wood flooring sectors; however, the supply chain must continue to strategically develop new markets in the event of a housing sector slow down. C1 W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Enkeboll Designs, Carson, CA 90749 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Educ & Resource Ctr, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Grushecky, ST (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 9 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 365 EP 376 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 038XI UT WOS:000237262400018 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Moore, SA Nusbaum, KE AF Bader, JA Moore, SA Nusbaum, KE TI The effect of cutaneous injury on a reproducible immersion challenge model for Flavobacterium columnare infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Columnaris disease; Flavobacterium columnare; channel challenge model ID RAFINESQUE; VIRULENCE AB We evaluated four methods of acute cutaneous injury: physical abrasion, hot and cold branding, and chemical scalds, to predispose channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to columnaris disease, caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare. Only physical abrasion (PA) and hot branding (HB) produced lasting alterations of epithelial architecture. Immersion challenge of PA or HB fish 10(8) cfu/ml virulent F columnare at 29 +/- 2 degrees C immediately after treatment resulted in death of most fish within the first 48 h. Immersion challenge 24 h after cutaneous injury resulted in 60% mortality with PA and 2% in HB. Cutaneous injury 48-72 h before challenge did not result in significant mortality. We quantified and modeled the median 96 h LD50 for PA and HB. The 96 h LD50 for abrasion (10(4 3 +/- 0 3) cfu/ml) was a log lower than for branded fish (10(5.0 +/- 0.4) cfu/ml). The LD50 for HB plus AS was 10(5 8 +/- 0.3) cfu/ml, a log higher than for HB fish without Stresscoat(TM), an artificial slime agent (AS). Hot branding produced more consistent infection in terms of 96 h LD50s. Induction of experimental columnaris was dependent on the length of time between injury and pathogen exposure (<4 h), size of area disrupted on the epidermis, and dose of bacteria. A significant reduction in mortality and delay in death were noted when abraded fish were treated with AS and immediately challenged, suggesting that columnaris disease may be minimized or prevented by protecting a wounded catfish with AS, thus confirming the relationship of pathogenesis of F columnare entering a wound. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36380 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, USDA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36380 USA. EM jbader@srdcorp.com NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.059 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 034BF UT WOS:000236898700001 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Peterson, BC Janes, CL Robinson, EH AF Li, MHH Peterson, BC Janes, CL Robinson, EH TI Comparison of diets containing various fish meal levels on growth performance, body composition, and insulin-like growth factor-I of juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus of different strains SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; strain; fish meal; growth; insulin-like growth factor-I ID ANIMAL PROTEIN; IGF-I; BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS; BINDING-PROTEINS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; EFFICIENCY AB A 3 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted in flow-through aquaria to evaluate effects of diets, containing 0%, 4%, or 8% menhaden fish meal, on growth performance, body composition, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) of juvenile channel catfish of Mississippi "normal" (MN), NWAC103 [formally known as USDA103], or USDA303 strains. Twenty fish with an average weight of 4.7+/-0.1 g fish(-1) (+/-S.D.) were stocked into each of 36, 110-1 aquaria (four aquaria per treatment). Fish were fed 28%-protein diets containing various levels of fish meal to approximate satiation twice daily for 9 weeks. Regardless of fish strain, fish fed diets containing 4% or 8% fish meal had higher diet consumption, final weight, and feed efficiency (FE) than fish fed an all-vegetable diet. Regardless of fish meal level, NWAC103 and USDA303 channel catfish consumed more diet, gained more weight, and converted diet more efficiently than MN fish. No differences were observed in diet consumption, final weight, and FE between NWAC103 and USDA303 strains. There was an interaction in specific growth rate between fish strain and fish meal level. Specific growth rate was greater for MN fish fed diets containing 4% or 8% fish meal than fish fed the all-vegetable diet, whereas there were no differences in specific growth rate for NWAC103 and USDA303 fish fed various diets. Fillet protein was lower and fillet fat was higher for NWAC103 and USDA303 strains than for the MN strain. Plasma IGF-I levels were greater in NWAC103 and USDA303 channel catfish than in MN fish. Levels of IGF-I were similar between NWAC103 and USDA303 fish, The addition of fish meal to the all-vegetable diet for the three strains did not affect levels of IGF-I. Mean plasma IGF-I concentration was positively correlated to specific growth rate. Results from the present study indicated that the optimum inclusion level for fish meal was 4% of a soybean meal-based diet (fish meal levels higher than 8% were not evaluated in the present study). Including 4% fish meal in the diet improved the performance more for the MN strain than for NWAC103 and USDA303 strains, suggesting that a genotype-diet interaction exists in juvenile channel catfish. Performance of the NWAC103 and USDA303 channel catfish fed the all-vegetable diet was better than MN fish fed the same diet. Plasma IGF-I concentration may be a good indicator for channel catfish growth. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu NR 31 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 1-4 BP 628 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.09.024 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 034BF UT WOS:000236898700071 ER PT J AU Kimoto, A Nearing, MA Zhang, XC Powell, DM AF Kimoto, A Nearing, MA Zhang, XC Powell, DM TI Applicability of rare earth element oxides as a sediment tracer for coarse-textured soils SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE rare earth element oxides; coarse-textured soils; soil erosion; estimation of soil loss; non-uniform binding of the REE oxides; particle size groups ID CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; UNSUPPORTED PB-210; AGRICULTURAL LAND; EROSION; RATES; REDISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT; TILLAGE; CS-137 AB A leaching experiment using a mixture of five REE oxides and gravelly, sandy loam soils was conducted to examine the applicability of the REE oxides as a sediment tracer for coarse-textured soils. The experiment showed little leaching of the oxides and an enrichment of various size classes of soil particles with the oxides, which reflected the strong binding capability of the REE oxides with the gravelly, sandy loam soils. It also showed that the REE oxides preferentially bound with small size classes of soil particles. The preferential binding of the REE oxides with fine materials will cause the overestimation of the soil loss from a given area (i.e., tagged with a given REE) if aggregates are broken down during sediment transport and clay materials are preferentially delivered, and if the soil loss is computed by analyzing the REE concentrations in the whole sediment. To address the non-uniform binding issue, the method based on measuring the REE concentrations for four particle size groups was tested. The potential error of the method was evaluated by comparing the soil loss that would be computed in the case that the particle size distribution was shifted to the smallest particle size class within a particle size group and in the case that no sediment sorting occurred. The result showed that the method would produce a potential error of approximately 4% in the estimation of the total soil loss when sediment sorting occurred. The non-uniform binding of the oxides does not preclude the use of the REE oxides on the coarse-textured soils in the presence of non-uniform binding of the oxides, but adjustments in the technique are required for an accurate estimation of soil loss using the REE technique. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Kimoto, A (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM akimoto@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 17 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.10.002 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 035LJ UT WOS:000237002200002 ER PT J AU Ralph, J Akiyama, T Kim, H Lu, FC Schatz, PF Marita, JM Ralph, SA Reddy, MSS Chen, F Dixon, RA AF Ralph, J Akiyama, T Kim, H Lu, FC Schatz, PF Marita, JM Ralph, SA Reddy, MSS Chen, F Dixon, RA TI Effects of coumarate 3-hydroxylase down-regulation on lignin structure SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS; CELL-WALL DEGRADABILITY; TRANSITION-METAL SALTS; NMR CHARACTERIZATION; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; TRANSGENIC POPLARS; MOLECULAR-BASIS AB Down-regulation of the gene encoding 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) in alfalfa massively but predictably increased the proportion of p-hydroxyphenyl (P) units relative to the normally dominant guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units. Stem levels of up to similar to 65% P (from wild-type levels of similar to 1%) resulting from down-regulation of C3H were measured by traditional degradative analyses as well as two-dimensional (13)C-(1)H correlative NMR methods. Such levels put these transgenics well beyond the P:G:S compositional bounds of normal plants; p-hydroxyphenyl levels are reported to reach a maximum of 30% in gymnosperm severe compression wood zones but are limited to a few percent in dicots. NMR also revealed structural differences in the interunit linkage distribution that characterizes a lignin polymer. Lower levels of key beta-aryl ether units were relatively augmented by higher levels of phenylcoumarans and resinols. The C3H-deficient alfalfa lignins were devoid of beta-1 coupling products, highlighting the significant differences in the reaction course for p-coumaryl alcohol versus the two normally dominant monolignols, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. A larger range of dibenzodioxocin structures was evident in conjunction with an approximate doubling of their proportion. The nature of each of the structural units was revealed by long range (13)C-(1)H correlation experiments. For example, although beta-ethers resulted from the coupling of all three monolignols with the growing polymer, phenylcoumarans were formed almost solely from coupling reactions involving p-coumaryl alcohol; they resulted from both coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol in the wild-type plants. Such structural differences form a basis for explaining differences in digestibility and pulping performance of C3H-deficient plants. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, US Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jralph@wisc.edu NR 69 TC 135 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 13 BP 8843 EP 8853 DI 10.1074/jbc.M511598200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 025EC UT WOS:000236247100064 PM 16421107 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, D AF Blumenthal, D TI Invasive plants - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID NATIVE HERBIVORES C1 ARS Rangeland Resources, USDA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Blumenthal, D (reprint author), ARS Rangeland Resources, USDA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5769 BP 1865 EP 1865 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 027BD UT WOS:000236387800022 ER PT J AU Gauss, CBL Dubey, JP Vidal, D Cabezon, O Ruiz-Fons, F Vicente, J Marco, I Lavin, S Gortazar, C Almeria, S AF Gauss, CBL Dubey, JP Vidal, D Cabezon, O Ruiz-Fons, F Vicente, J Marco, I Lavin, S Gortazar, C Almeria, S TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Cervus elaphus; red deer; wild ruminants; modified agglutination test; Spain ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; SUS-SCROFA; SEROPREVALENCE; MAMMALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; OOCYSTS AB Serum samples from 441 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 161 other wild ruminant species, collected between 1993 and 2005 from six regions of Spain were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T gondii (MAT 1:25 or higher) were detected in 15.6% of red deer. Statistically significant differences were observed among sampling sites with seroprevalence in red deer from Catalonia (42.2%) being significantly higher compared with other Spanish regions (8.7%) (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were not observed between T gondii seroprevalence and sex, age or management of hunting estates (open versus fenced). Seroprevalence of Tgondii infection in other ruminants species was 24% of 79 fallow deer (Dama dama), 21.8% of 33 in roe deer (Capreolus capreolits). 33.3% of three Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica), 20% of 10 chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 10% of 10 barbary sheep (Anunotragus lervia), and 14.8% of 27 mouflon (Ovis aninton) in areas not including Catalonia, where no samples from these species were available. Serological results indicated a widespread exposure to T gondii among wildlife in Spain and suggest that consumption of raw or inadequately cooked meat. as well as handling carcasses of wild game, should be taken into account as a source of infection for humans. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Animi Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Anat & Anim Hlth Dept, Sch Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. UCLM, JCCM, IREC, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Sch Vet, Wildlife Ecopathol Serv, Anim Med & Surg Dept, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Animi Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Vicente, Joaquin/K-7822-2013; Vidal, M Dolors/K-2192-2012; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco/K-3161-2014; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Lavin, Santiago/L-5975-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Vicente, Joaquin/0000-0001-8416-3672; Vidal, M Dolors/0000-0002-8671-6960; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco/0000-0002-0820-5292; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Lavin, Santiago/0000-0001-5655-588X; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 31 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.11.013 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 026MK UT WOS:000236342800003 PM 16359801 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Wosten, JHM Bouma, J Varallyay, G AF Nemes, A Wosten, JHM Bouma, J Varallyay, G TI Soil water balance scenario studies using predicted soil hydraulic parameters SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE pedotransfer function; scenario; simulation modelling; soil water retention; hydraulic conductivity ID PEDO-TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CONDUCTIVITY; RETENTION; ACCURACY; DATABASE; MANAGEMENT AB Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have become a topic drawing increasing interest within the field of soil and environmental research because they can provide important soil physical data at relatively low cost. Few studies, however, explore which contributions PTFs can make to land-use planning, in terms of examining the expected outcome of certain changes in soil and water management practices. This paper describes three scenario studies that show some aspects of how PTFs may help improve decision making about land management practices. We use an exploratory research approach using simulation modelling to explore the potential effect of alternative solutions in land management. We: (i) evaluate benefits and risks when irrigating a field, and the impact of soil heterogeneity; (ii) examine which changes can be expected (in terms of soil water balance and supply) if organic matter content is changed as a result of an alternative management system; (iii) evaluate the risk of leaching to deeper horizons in some soils of Hungary. Using this research approach, quantitative answers are provided to 'what if?' type questions, allowing the distinction of trends and potential problems, which may contribute to the development of sustainable management systems. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Soil Sci & Agr Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. ALTERRA Green World Res, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Rm 124, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM anemes@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1094 DI 10.1002/hyp.5934 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 027GT UT WOS:000236403700004 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Saltzman, E Rolls, BJ Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Saltzman, E Rolls, BJ Roberts, SB TI A twin study of the effects of energy density and palatability on energy intake of individual foods SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE energy intake; energy density; taste; dietary fat; twins; post-ingestive effects ID HIGH-FAT FOODS; DIETARY-FAT; WEIGHT-LOSS; TASTE RESPONSIVENESS; FAMILY ENVIRONMENT; IDENTICAL-TWINS; EATING BEHAVIOR; PHYSICAL STATE; SUBSTRATE FLUX; HUMANS AB The relative effects of energy density and palatability on energy intake, and whether there are familial influences on these effects, are not known. We investigated this issue in 7 pairs of healthy, male monozygotic twins (mean +/- SD age 26.3 +/- 8.6 years, BMI 23.7 +/- 3.2 kg/m(2)) in a clinical study involving covert ad libitum feeding of high-fat (HF, similar to 40%) and low-fat (LF, similar to 20%) diets in two 9-day phases. Diets were matched for average energy density, protein, fiber, and initial reported taste pleasantness, but these factors varied among the individual foods. Relationships between energy density, palatability, and energy intake were explored using regression and path analyses. Food energy density was positively associated with average taste pleasantness (r=0.46, P=0.03) independent of fat content, while energy intake from individual foods was positively associated with both energy density (r=0.56, P=0.007) and taste pleasantness (r=0.73, P < 0.0001). In path analysis, both energy density and taste pleasantness directly influenced energy intake, and energy density also indirectly influenced energy intake by influencing taste pleasantness. In addition, there were significant within-twin pair similarities for the energy density-taste pleasantness and energy density-energy intake relationships (P < 0.03) with the result that some twin pairs but not others identified foods high in energy density as more pleasant tasting and consumed relatively more energy from them compared to foods low in energy density. These results suggest that there are familial influences on the extent to which high energy density foods are preferred and contribute to total energy intake. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK09747, DK46124] NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 451 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.025 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 027DM UT WOS:000236393900001 PM 16445951 ER PT J AU Wulder, MA White, JC Bentz, B Alvarez, MF Coops, NC AF Wulder, MA White, JC Bentz, B Alvarez, MF Coops, NC TI Estimating the probability of mountain pine beetle red-attack damage SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest; mountain pine beetle; logistic regression; Landsat; tasseled cap; change detection ID BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; INDIVIDUAL TREE MORTALITY; WETNESS DIFFERENCE INDEX; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LANDSAT TM DATA; LODGEPOLE PINE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FOREST DAMAGE; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION AB Accurate spatial information on the location and extent of mountain pine beetle infestation is critical for the planning of mitigation and treatment activities. Areas of mixed forest and variable terrain present unique challenges for the detection and mapping of mountain pine beetle red-attack damage, as red-attack has a more heterogeneous distribution under these conditions. In this study, mountain pine beetle red-attack damage was detected and mapped using a logistic regression approach with a forward stepwise selection process and a set of calibration data representing samples of red-attack and non-attack from the study area. Variables that were considered for inclusion in the model were the enhanced wetness difference index (EWDI) derived from a time series of Landsat remotely sensed imagery, elevation, slope, and solar radiation (direct, diffuse, and global). The output from the logistic regression was a continuous probability surface, which indicated the likelihood of red-attack damage. Independent validation data were used to assess the accuracy of the resulting models. The final model predicted red-attack damage with an accuracy of 86%. These results indicate that for this particular site, with mixed forest stands and variable terrain, remotely sensed and ancillary spatial data can be combined, through logistic regression, to create a mountain pine beetle red-attack likelihood surface that accurately identifies damaged forest stands. The use of a probabilistic approach reduces dependence upon the definition of change by the application of thresholds (upper and lower bounds of change) at the image processing stage. Rather, a change layer is generated that may be interpreted liberally or conservatively, depending on the information needs of the end user. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Leon, E-24071 Leon, Spain. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resource Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Wulder, MA (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM mwulder@nrcan.gc.ca RI Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Alvarez-Taboada, Flor/L-3012-2014; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016; OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896; White, Joanne/0000-0003-4674-0373 NR 78 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 150 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.010 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 028LQ UT WOS:000236489400002 ER PT J AU Wolf, A Akshalov, K Saliendra, N Johnson, DA Laca, EA AF Wolf, A Akshalov, K Saliendra, N Johnson, DA Laca, EA TI Inverse estimation of Vc(max), leaf area index, and the Ball-Berry parameter from carbon and energy fluxes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; SOIL CO2 FLUX; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER DROUGHT; BOREAL FOREST; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CANOPY MODEL; COUPLED LEAF; C-3 PLANTS AB Canopy fluxes of CO2 and energy can be modeled with high fidelity using a small number of environmental variables and ecosystem parameters. Although these ecosystem parameters are critically important for modeling canopy fluxes, they typically are not measured with the same intensity as ecosystem fluxes. We developed an algorithm to estimate leaf area index (LAI), maximum carboxylation velocity (Vc(max)), the Ball-Berry parameter (m), and substrate-dependent ecosystem respiration rate (beta(A)) by inverting a commonly used modeling paradigm of canopy CO2 and energy fluxes. To test this algorithm, fluxes of sensible heat (H), latent heat (LE), and CO2 (Fc) were measured with eddy covariance techniques in a pristine grassland-forb steppe site in northern Kazakhstan. We applied the algorithm to these data and identified ecosystem characteristics consistent with data across a time series of meteorological drivers from the Kazakhstan data. LAI was calculated by fitting the model to measured H + LE, Vc(max) and beta(A) were solved simultaneously by fitting the model to measured CO2 fluxes, and m was calculated by varying the partitioning of available energy between H and LE. Seasonal changes in LAI ranged from 2.0 to 2.4, Vc(max) declined from 20 to 5 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1), respiration as a percentage of assimilation ranged from 0.5 to 0.75, and m varied from 17 to 24. Our results with the Kazakhstan data showed that LAI, Vc(max), ecosystem respiration, and m can be solved to accurately predict (R-2 = 80 to 95%) carbon and energy fluxes with nonsignificant bias at 20-min and daily timescales. The ecosystem characteristics calculated in our study were consistent with independent measurements of the seasonal dynamics of a shortgrass steppe in Kazakhstan and with values published in the literature. These characteristics were closely linked to mean daily fluxes of CO2 but were not dependent on the environmental drivers for the periods they were measured. We conclude that process model inversion has potential for comparing CO2 and energy fluxes among different ecosystems and years and for providing important ecosystem parameters for evaluating climatic influences on CO2 and energy fluxes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Baraev Kazakh Res Inst Grain Farming, Akmolinskaya Oblast 474010, Shortandy, Kazakhstan. Forest Serv, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wolf, A (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Energy Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94395 USA. EM adamwolf@stanford.edu NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 29 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D8 AR D08S08 DI 10.1029/2005GD005927 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031UW UT WOS:000236730800001 ER PT J AU Menon, V Sarnak, MJ Greene, T Wang, XL Pereira, AA Beck, GJ Kusek, JW Selhub, J Collins, AJ Levey, AS Shlipak, MG AF Menon, V Sarnak, MJ Greene, T Wang, XL Pereira, AA Beck, GJ Kusek, JW Selhub, J Collins, AJ Levey, AS Shlipak, MG TI Relationship between homocysteine and mortality in chronic kidney disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE kidney; mortality; epidemiology ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLLOW-UP; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AB Background - The relationship between total homocysteine (tHcy) and outcomes has not been investigated in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 4. Methods and Results - The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study was a randomized, controlled trial of 840 patients. Serum tHcy was measured in frozen samples collected at baseline ( n = 804). Survival status and cause of death were obtained from the National Death Index. To evaluate its association with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, tHcy was evaluated both as tertiles ( < 14.7, 14.7 to 19.5, >= 19.6 mu mol/L) and as a continuous variable ( per 10/mu mol/L). Participants had a mean age of 52 +/- 12 years and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 33 +/- 12 mL/min per 1.73 m(2); 60% were male, and 85% were white. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 195 (24%) died from any cause, and 118 (15%) from CVD. The level of GFR was lower and proteinuria higher in the highest tHcy tertile. There was no association between the highest tertile of tHcy and all-cause ( hazard ratio [HR]; 95% confidence interval [CI[, 1.32, 0.94 to 1.85) or CVD ( HR; 95% CI, 1.50, 0.96 to 2.34) mortality in univariate analyses; this association was further attenuated by adjustment for GFR ( HR; 95% CI all-cause, 1.04, 0.72 to 1.51; CVD, 1.20, 0.73 to 1.95). There was no association between tHcy as a continuous variable and all-cause (0.98, 0.83 to 1.16) or CVD ( 1.04, 0.85 to 1.27) mortality. Conclusions - Hyperhomocystinemia does not appear to be a risk factor for all-cause or CVD mortality in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Prior studies demonstrating an association between tHcy and CVD risk may have inadequately adjusted for the confounding effects of kidney function. C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. RP Sarnak, MJ (reprint author), 750 Washington St,391, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM msarnak@tufts-nemc.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL073208-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK066488-01, UO1 DK 35073, K23 DK02904, K23 DK067303] NR 43 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1572 EP 1577 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.570127 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 025UO UT WOS:000236292600008 PM 16549639 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW AF Bacon, Charles Wilson TI Fungal endophytes, grass toxins and enhance plant performance to multiple stresses SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM cbacon@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 3-SOCED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909905 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Schnupf, U Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Bosma, Wayne B. Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI Computer modeling of beta-cellobiose in a solvent environment: DFT calculations using implicit and explicit solvent models SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM bosma@bradley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 16-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900699 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Klun, JA Bryson, CT Duke, SO AF Cantrell, Charles L. Klun, Jerome A. Bryson, Charles T. Duke, Steve O. TI Isolation and identification of mosquito bite-deterrent constituents from leaves of Callicarpa americana and Callicarpa japonica SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, NPURU, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM clcantr1@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 45-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900046 ER PT J AU Castro, N Edwards, JV Goheen, SC AF Castro, Nathan Edwards, J. Vincent Goheen, Steven C. TI A comparison between classical and chromatographic adsorption isotherms for cotton and cotton derivatives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Chem & Biol Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM steve.goheen@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 23-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900706 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Sachinvala, ND Jarrett, WL Parikh, DV Sawhney, PA AF Chang, SeChin Sachinvala, Navzer D. Jarrett, William L., Jr. Parikh, D. V. Sawhney, Paul A. TI Synthesis and characterization of nitroand amino benzylated celluloses SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM schang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 9-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900692 ER PT J AU Edwards, J Wauchope, RD AF Edwards, Jesse Wauchope, R. Don TI Acid and base equilibrium constants for pesticide active ingredients: Molecular connectivity calculations vs. experimental values SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM FAMUCHM@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 33-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900034 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Cermak, SC Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, Victoria L. Cermak, Steven C. Willett, J. L. TI Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid) green composites using agricultural co-products as fillers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM finkenvl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 10-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900693 ER PT J AU French, AD AF French, Alfred D. TI An ancient modeling method for amylose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 90-CELL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900775 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. TI Roles of starting geometries in quantum mechanics studies of cellobiose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 15-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900698 ER PT J AU Goheen, SC Wilgar, JL Castro, N Simmons, T Donald, P AF Goheen, Steven C. Wilgar, Jacqueline Lisa Castro, Nathan Simmons, Tere Donald, Patricia TI Use of SDS-PAGE to determine protein variability of soybean cyst nematode populations in Tennessee SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Battelle Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Salt Lake City Community Coll, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM steve.goheen@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 53-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900054 ER PT J AU Gray, ML AF Gray, McMahan L. TI Carbon dioxide capture by immobilized tertiary amine solid sorbents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Seperat & Fuels Proc Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. EM gray@netl.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 46-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904302 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Smith, RD Harman-Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL Potter, TL Rice, CP Sadeghi, AM Sefton, KA Schaffer, BA Curry, R Bialek, K AF Hapeman, Cathleen J. Smith, Ramona D. Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A. McConnell, Laura L. Potter, Thomas L. Rice, Clifford P. Sadeghi, Ali M. Sefton, Kerry A. Schaffer, Bruce A. Curry, Richard Bialek, Krystyna TI Using spatial and temporal pesticide concentration data to assess potential hazards to sensitive aquatic ecosystems in South Florida SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS Trop REC Homestead, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 99-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900100 ER PT J AU Heighton, L Schmidt, W Siefert, RL AF Heighton, Lynne Schmidt, Walter Siefert, Ronald L. TI Determination of the physical constants of ferric and ferrous complexes of phytic acid by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and resistance of complexes to enzymatic dephosphoralation by Aspergillus Ficcum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM heighton@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 3-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900004 ER PT J AU Hess, MA Haas, MJ Foglia, TA AF Hess, Melissa A. Haas, Michael J. Foglia, Thomas A. TI Reformulating biodiesel to reduce NOx emissions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Dept Agr, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mhess@errc.ars.usda.gov; mhaas@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 23-FUEL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904276 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Viscoelastic properties of rubber composites reinforced by soy spent flakes and carbon black co-filler SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jongl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 281-PMSE PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909278 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI Oxidative stability of biodiesel and NMR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 9-FUEL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904261 ER PT J AU Lin, CH Lerch, RN Garrett, HG George, MF AF Lin, Chung-Ho Lerch, Robert N. Garrett, Harold G. George, Milon F. TI Bioremediation of herbicides in vegetative buffers: Considerations for design and species selection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM linchu@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 46-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900047 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Aqueous protonation properties of amphoteric nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 145-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904144 ER PT J AU Luthe, DS Pechan, T Mohan, S Shivaji, R Lopez, L Camas, A Bassford, E Ozkan, S Ma, P Williams, WP AF Luthe, Dawn S. Pechan, Tibor Mohan, Srinidi Shivaji, Renuka Lopez, Lorena Camas, Alberto Bassford, Erin Ozkan, Seval Ma, Peter Williams, W. Paul TI A novel maize cysteine protease mobilized as an active defense against herbivores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Life Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Resistance Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dsluthe@ra.msstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 95-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900096 ER PT J AU Moorman, TB Lertpaitoonpan, W Henderson, KL Ong, SK Tomer, MD Coats, JR AF Moorman, T. B. Lertpaitoonpan, W. Henderson, K. L. Ong, S. K. Tomer, M. D. Coats, J. R. TI Fate and behavior of bacteria and veterinary antibiotics resulting from swine manure applications in Iowa SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM moorman@nstl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 27-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900028 ER PT J AU Papiernik, S Koskinen, WC AF Papiernik, Sharon Koskinen, William C. TI Dissipation of the herbicide isoxaflutole in agricultural soils SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 72-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900073 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Sachinvala, ND AF Parikh, D. V. Sachinvala, N. D. TI Value-added spunlaced cottons SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 113-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900798 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ AF Peterson, Chris J. TI Imidacloprid longevity, mobility and toxicity to termites in vegetated and non-vegetated soil columns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 22-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900023 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Truman, CC Bosch, DD Strickland, TC Bednarz, CW Webster, TM AF Potter, Thomas L. Truman, Clint C. Bosch, David D. Strickland, Timothy C. Bednarz, Craig W. Webster, Theodore M. TI Effect of constant vs. variable intensity simulated rainfall on cotton preemergence herbicide runoff SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM tpotter@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 49-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900050 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Horgan, BP Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM AF Rice, Pamela J. Horgan, Brian P. Hapeman, Cathleen J. McConnell, Laura L. Sadeghi, Ali M. TI Mitigation of pesticide transport with runoff from agricultural and non-agricultural systems using management practices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM pamrice@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 26-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900027 ER PT J AU Sabbagh, GJ Fox, G Ma, LW Malone, R Arthur, EL Dyer, DG AF Sabbagh, George J. Fox, Garey Ma, Liwang Malone, Rob Arthur, Ellen L. Dyer, Dan G. TI Modeling the fate and nonideal transport of pesticide from a slow-release, pesticide treated seed in a laboratory soil column SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Bayer CropSci, Environm Res, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM george.sabbagh@bayercropscience.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 83-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900084 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, N Chang, S Jarrett, WL Prevost, N Sawhney, PA AF Sachinvala, Navzer Chang, SeChin Jarrett, William L., Jr. Prevost, Nicolette Sawhney, Paul A. TI Progress towards developing multifunctional finished cotton composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM nozar@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 21-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900704 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI Solvation studies by DFT of Carbohydrates: alpha/beta-anomeric ratios of epimers of glucose using a continuum-solvation model (COSMO) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM schnupf@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 130-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125903667 ER PT J AU Shin, HD McClendon, S Le, T Taylor, F Chen, RR AF Shin, Hyun-Dong McClendon, Shara Le, Tien Taylor, Frank Chen, Rachel Ruizhen TI Identification and characterization of Feruloyl Esterase for biomass processing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM hshin@chbe.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 112-CELL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900797 ER PT J AU Tarka, TJ Ciferno, JP Fauth, DJ AF Tarka, Thomas J., Jr. Ciferno, Jared P. Fauth, Daniel J. TI CO2 capture systems utilizing amine enhanced solid sorbents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Energet Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ttarka@energetics.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 45-FUEL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904301 ER PT J AU Tshabalala, MA AF Tshabalala, Mandla A. TI Wood surface modification by in situ sol-gel deposition of hybrid inorganic-organic thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mtshabalala@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 131-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900816 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Brown, GE AF Wang, Qiquan Brown, George E., Jr. TI Sulfadimethoxine degradation in manure as affected by initial concentration, moisture, and temperature SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM qwang@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 38-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900039 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Williams, RG Lowrance, R Vellidis, G Gay, P AF Wauchope, R. Don Williams, Randall G. Lowrance, Richard Vellidis, George Gay, Paige TI REMM: A simulation model for remediation of pesticide contaminants in runoff and leachate water by riparian buffer systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM don@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 37-AGRO PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900038 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TL Ekman, DR Durhan, EJ Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Whitehead, Tracy L. Ekman, Drew R. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI H-1-NMR metabolomics analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the environmentally-relevant EDC 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM whitehead.tracy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 140-ENVR PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904139 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Nunuz, A Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Wyatt, Victor T. Nunuz, Alberto Foglia, Thomas A. Marmer, William N. TI Acid catalyzed synthesis of hyperbranched poly(glycerol-diacid) oligomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vwyatt@errc.ars.usca.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 98-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909096 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Brown, GE Dungan, R AF Yates, S. R. Brown, George E., Jr. Dungan, Robert TI Predicting transport and the control of plant pests after soil fumigation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 32-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900033 ER PT J AU Yelle, DJ Ralph, J Frihart, CR AF Yelle, Daniel J. Ralph, John Frihart, Charles R. TI Investigation into how wood cell walls interact with synthetic adhesives using high-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Mat Modificat Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM dyelle@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 123-CELL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900808 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Payton, P Kornyeyev, D Farag, MA Ryu, CM Pare, PW AF Zhang, Huiming Payton, Paxton Kornyeyev, Dmytro Farag, Mohamed A. Ryu, Choong-Min Pare, Paul W. TI Chemical signals that mediate inducible responses in plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Paul.Pare@TTU.edu RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 89-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900090 ER PT J AU Ward, FA Hurd, BH Rahmani, T Gollehon, N AF Ward, FA Hurd, BH Rahmani, T Gollehon, N TI Economic impacts of federal policy responses to drought in the Rio Grande Basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MURRAY-DARLING BASIN; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; JORDAN RIVER-BASIN; SNAKE RIVER; WATER-RESOURCES; INSTREAM FLOWS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESTORATION; IRRIGATION; AGRICULTURE AB Significant growth in the Rio Grande Basin's demand for water has stressed the region's scarce water supply. This paper presents an analysis of the impacts of severe and sustained drought and of minimum in-stream flow requirements to support endangered species in the Rio Grande watershed. These impacts are investigated by modeling the physical and institutional constraints within the Rio Grande Basin and by identifying the hydrologic and economic responses of all major water users. Water supplies, which include all major tributaries, interbasin transfers, and hydrologically connected groundwater, are represented in a yearly time step. A nonlinear programming model is developed to maximize economic benefits subject to hydrologic and institutional constraints. Results indicate that drought produces considerable impacts on both agriculture and municipal and industrial (MI) uses in the Rio Grande watershed. In-stream flow requirements to support endangered species' habitat produce the largest impacts on agricultural water users in New Mexico and Texas. Hydrologic and economic impacts are more pronounced when in-stream flow requirements dictate larger quantities of water for endangered species' habitat. Higher in-stream flow requirements for endangered species in central New Mexico cause considerable losses to New Mexico agriculture above Elephant Butte Reservoir and to MI users in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Those same in-stream flow requirements reduce drought damages to New Mexico agriculture below Elephant Butte Reservoir and reduce the severity of drought damages to MI users in El Paso, Texas. Results provide a framework for formulating federal policy responses to drought in the Rio Grande Basin. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ERS, Resource Environm & Sci Policy Branch, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fward@nmsu.edu; bhhurd@nmsu.edu; tarik_agronome@hotmail.com; gollehon@ers.usda.gov NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 25 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 AR W03420 DI 10.1029/2005WR004427 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 026OT UT WOS:000236349400006 ER PT J AU Triapitsyn, SV Vickerman, DB Heraty, JM Logarzo, GA AF Triapitsyn, SV Vickerman, DB Heraty, JM Logarzo, GA TI A new species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) parasitic on proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) in the New World SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Mymaridae; Gonatocerus; taxonomy; Proconiini; egg parasitoid; molecular; parsimony ID EGG PARASITOIDS; SEQUENCES AB A new species of Gonatocerus Nees (Mymaridae) is described from the states of San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas in Mexico, with additional records from Argentina and Peru. Type specimens of G. uat S. Triapitsyn sp. n. were reared in Mexico from the eggs of proconiine sharpshooters (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini) in the genera Homalodisca Stal and Oncometopia Stal. Taxonomic and molecular evidence from five gene regions (28S-D2, ITS1, ITS2, COI, COII) is provided to help differentiate the new species from the morphologically similar taxon, G. ashmeadi Girault, which also belongs to the ater species group of Gonatocerus. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Washington, DC 20521 USA. RP Triapitsyn, SV (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM serguei.triapitsyn@ucr.edu; danel.vickerman@ucr.edu; john.heraty@ucr.edu; glogarzo@speedy.com.ar NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 23 PY 2006 IS 1158 BP 55 EP 67 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 024IN UT WOS:000236188800003 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA Kong, SB Vermillion, KE Duval, SM AF Berhow, MA Kong, SB Vermillion, KE Duval, SM TI Complete quantification of group A and group B soyasaponins in soybeans SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soy; Glycine max; germ; hull; cotyledons; purification; analysis; saponins; isoflavones; phytochemicals ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE; COLON-CANCER CELLS; GLYCINE-MAX L.; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOYASAPOGENOL-B; TRITERPENOID SAPONINS; ISOFLAVONE CONTENT; SEED; PRODUCTS AB A combination of high-pressure extraction and preparative chromatography was used to purify the group A and group B soyasaponins from soy germ for use as analytical standards and for use in biological assays. A standardized sample preparation and extraction method was developed for the analysis of phytochemicals found in soy and processed soy products, which is reproducible in other laboratories. The extracts can be analyzed with standard liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography methods to identify and quantitate the group A and group B forms of the soy saponins, as well as the soy isoflavones. Complete saponin analysis of the extracts prepared from soy germ (hypocots), hulls, and cotyledons shows that a significant portion of the saponins is concentrated in the germ. The germ contains nearly all of the group A soyasaponins, while the group B soyasaponins are nearly equally distributed between the germ and the cotyledons. The hulls contain little of either isoflavones or saponins. Whole (full fat) soybeans grown on a tract in central Illinois in 2003 contain approximately 4-6% saponins on a weight basis, of which about one-fifth or less of the total saponin content are group A soyasaponins; the balance is group B soyasaponins. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Incarnate Word, Chem Dept, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. RP Berhow, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM berhowma@ncaur.usda.gov NR 54 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2035 EP 2044 DI 10.1021/jf053072o PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100011 PM 16536572 ER PT J AU Rennick, KA Warner, K AF Rennick, KA Warner, K TI Effect of elevated temperature on development of tocopherolquinones in oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; antioxidants; quinones; tocopherols; soybean oil; sunflower oil; tocopherols ID LIGHT-SENSITIZED OXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; POTATO-CHIPS; SOYBEAN OIL; STABILITY; ANTIOXIDANT; ROSMARIQUINONE; PRODUCTS; ROSEMARY AB Studies were conducted to determine the formation of tocopherolquinones (TOCQ) in heated sunflower (SUN) and soybean (SBO) oils with and without enrichment with added a.-tocopherol (alpha-TOC). Samples of the heated oils were extracted with acidified hot methanol and analyzed for changes in TOC contents and TOCQ levels by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the oils without added alpha-TOC, the alpha-TOC in SUN significantly decreased from 829 ppm at 0 h to 183 ppm at 5 h and to 0 ppm by 10 h. In contrast, alpha-TOCQ increased from 0 ppm at 0 h to 87 ppm at 5 h and 104 ppm at 10 h. The level of alpha-TOC in SBO decreased from 138 ppm at 0 h to 99 and 98 ppm after 5 and 10 h, respectively, with an increase in alpha-TOCQ from 0 ppm at 0 h to 29 ppm at 5 h and 53 ppm at 10 h. In the oils with added alpha-TOC, the alpha-TOC in the SUN decreased rapidly from 1128 ppm at 0 h to 225 ppm at 5 h and 28 ppm at 10 h; however, the alpha-TOC in the SBO was 1176 ppm at 0 h, 367 ppm by 5 h, and 242 ppm at 10 h. There was a corresponding increase of alpha-TOCQ in SUN with added alpha-TOC from 0 ppm at 0 h, 127 ppm at 5 h, and 164 ppm at 10 h, whereas the CL-TOCO in SBO with added alpha-TOC changed from 0 ppm initially to 159 ppm by 5 h and 187 ppm at 10 h. As expected, SUN with no added alpha-TOC formed significantly more alpha-TOCQ than the SBO. However, SBO with added alpha-TOC had significantly more alpha-TOCQ than the SUN with added alpha-TOC even though the alpha-TOC levels at 0 h were similar. These results indicate that TOCQs are formed easily from the decomposition of alpha-TOC and could be potential antioxiciants even as alpha-TOC decomposes. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2188 EP 2192 DI 10.1021/jf0520793 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100033 PM 16536594 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Gan, JY AF Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Gan, JY TI Dechlorination of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by hydrogen sulfide species: Redox and nucleophilic substitution reactions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumigant; dechlorination; chloropicrin; 1,3-dichloropropene; hydrogen sulfide species ID REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METHYL-BROMIDE; BISULFIDE HS; TRANSFORMATION; SOIL; THIOSULFATE; METABOLITES; KINETICS AB The chlorinated fumigants chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) are extensively used in agricultural production for the control of soilborne pests. The reaction of these two fumigants with hydrogen sulfide species (H2S and HS-) was examined in well-defined anoxic aqueous solutions. Chloropicrin underwent an extremely rapid redox reaction in the hydrogen sulfide solution. Transformation products indicated reductive dechlorination of chloropicrin by hydrogen sulfide species to produce dichloro- and chloronitromethane. The transformation of chloropicrin in hydrogen sulfide solution significantly increased with increasing pH, indicating that H2S is less reactive toward chloropicrin than HS- is. For both 1,3-D isomers, kinetics and transformation products analysis revealed that the reaction between 1,3-D and hydrogen sulfide species is an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution process, in which the chlorine at C3 of 1,3-D is substituted by the sulfur nucleophile to form corresponding mercaptans. The 50% disappearance time (DT50) of 1,3-D decreased with increasing hydrogen sulfide species concentration at a constant pH. Transformation of 1,3-D was more rapid at high pH, suggesting that the reactivity of hydrogen sulfide species in the experimental system stems primarily from HS-. Because of the relatively low smell threshold values and potential environmental persistence of organic sulfur products yielded by the reaction of 1,3-D and HS-, the effects of reduced sulfide species should be considered in the development of alternative fumigation practices, especially in the integrated application of sulfur-containing fertilizers. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2280 EP 2287 DI 10.1021/jf0527100 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100047 PM 16536608 ER PT J AU Zhong, F Yokoyama, W Wang, Q Shoemaker, CF AF Zhong, F Yokoyama, W Wang, Q Shoemaker, CF TI Rice starch, amylopectin, and amylose: Molecular weight and solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide-based solvents SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE starch; rice; amylopectin; amylose; starch molar mass; multi-angle laser-light scattering; size-exclusion chromatography ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LASER-LIGHT SCATTERING; PASTING PROPERTIES; CORN STARCHES; DMSO; RETROGRADATION; FLOURS AB Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with either 50 mM LiBr, 10% water, or both, was used as solvent for multi-angle laser-light scattering (MALLS) batch mode analysis of rice starch, and amylopectin and amylose weight-average molecular weight (M-w). DMSO/50 mM LiBr was a better solvent for these measurements than was DMSO/10% water, based on this solvent's ability to dissolve starch and to reduce the size of starch aggregates. Starch concentration decreased and amylose:amylopectin ratio increased when starch suspended in DMSO was centrifuged or filtered prior to size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-MALLS analysis. A higher amylose:amylopectin ratio made starch more soluble, and the higher this ratio, the lower the Mw of eluted amylopectin. For SEC analysis of M-w, fractions of starch amylopectin and amylose dispersed in DMSO-based solvents yielded better results than starch dispersed directly into the solvents, because dispersion of these fractions decreased starch aggregation. When these two starch components were fractionated and then dissolved separately in DMSO/50 mM LiBr, the Mw of dispersed amylopectin ranged from 40 to 50 million, and that of amylose was ca. 3 million, whereas starch from three rice varieties of varying amylose content ranged from 60 to 130 million. We recommend that SEC evaluation of amylopectin and amylose be accomplished with fractionated samples as in this study; such evaluations were superior to evaluations of natural mixtures of amylopectin and amylose. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. So Yangtze Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi, Peoples R China. RP Shoemaker, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfshoemaker@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2320 EP 2326 DI 10.1021/jf051918i PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100053 PM 16536614 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK AF Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK TI Influence of ethylene action, storage atmosphere, and storage duration on diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivative content of Granny Smith apple peel SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf; apple; superficial scald; diphenylamine; LC-MS; antioxidant ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD DEVELOPMENT; ALPHA-FARNESENE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; STORED APPLES; OXIDATION; FRUIT; METABOLISM; BURST AB The application of diphenylamine (DPA) to prevent the apple peel disorder superficial scald can result in accumulation of a number of DPA derivatives resulting from C-nitration, C-hydroxylation, O-methylation, and N-nitrosation during fruit storage. As the presence of these compounds may be indicative of metabolic processes leading to superficial scald development, the contents of DPA and DPA derivatives were determined in fruits treated at harvest with DPA or DPA plus the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which also prevents scald development. Influences of fruit maturity, storage environment, storage duration, and a 14 day poststorage ripening period on accumulation of DPA metabolites were also assessed. Poststorage ripening, 1-MCP treatment, and controlled atmosphere storage had varied effects on DPA derivative contents suggesting that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as (OH)-O-center dot, (NO)-N-center dot, and (NO2)-N-center dot, or enzyme-catalyzed reactions may be present during certain ripening and senescence-related physiological processes. Definitive correlations between superficial scald incidence and contents of specific derivatives were not observed. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2365 EP 2371 DI 10.1021/jf052460n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100059 PM 16536620 ER PT J AU Fuerst, EP Anderson, JV Morris, CF AF Fuerst, EP Anderson, JV Morris, CF TI Delineating the role of polyphenol oxidase in the darkening of alkaline wheat noodles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wheat; Triticum aestivum; polyphenol oxidase; alkaline noodles; noodle darkening; discoloration; wheat quality; darkening mechanisms; inhibitors ID WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; QUALITY TRAITS; COMMON WHEAT; FLOUR; COLOR; INHIBITION; PEROXIDASE; EXTRACTION; EXPRESSION; GERMPLASM AB This study evaluated the effects of inhibitors on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, the effect of the PPO inhibitor tropolone on noodle darkening, and the correlation of PPO activity with darkening of alkaline noodles. The PPO inhibitors tropolone and salicylhydroxamic acid (each at 1 mu M) reduced kernel PPO activity by approximately 50% in three hexaploid wheat cultivars but did not inhibit PPO activity in the two very low PPO cultivars, durum Langdon, and the synthetic hexaploid-derived ID580. Tropolone (100 mu g/g flour) inhibited alkaline noodle darkening (Delta L*) by 13-25% in the low PPO wheat cultivar, ID377s, and by 39-54% in the high PPO wheat cultivar, Klasic. Alkaline noodle darkening among 502 wheat samples was correlated with kernel PPO activity (r = 0.64). Results substantiate the hypothesis that PPO plays a major role in darkening of alkaline noodles. However, results also indicate that substantial darkening would occur even at zero PPO activity, as measured in the kernel PPO assay. Therefore, darkening of alkaline noodles is probably due to the cultivar-specific level of PPO activity and the presence of at least one additional darkening mechanism. Further investigation is required to identify the phenolic discoloration agent(s) and to determine the potential roles of non-PPO discoloration mechanisms, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic, in wheat products. C1 Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA ARS, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 37 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2378 EP 2384 DI 10.1021/jf0526386 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100061 PM 16536622 ER PT J AU Proctor, RH Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE Busman, M Butchko, RAE AF Proctor, RH Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE Busman, M Butchko, RAE TI Fumonisin production in the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides: Genetic basis of naturally occurring chemical variation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium verticillioides; fumonisins; fumonisin biosynthesis; biosynthetic gene; polyketide synthase; cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; C-5 HYDROXYLATION; SECTION LISEOLA; BIOSYNTHESIS; MONILIFORME; CYTOCHROME-P-450; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisins are polyketide-derived mycotoxins produced by the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. Previous analyses identified naturally occurring variants of the fungus that are deficient in fumonisin C-10 hydroxylation or that do not produce any fumonisins. In the current study, gene deletion and genetic complementation analyses localized the C-10 hydroxylation deficiency to a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (FUM) cluster. Sequence analysis indicated that the hydroxylation deficiency resulted from a single nucleotide insertion that caused a frame shift in the coding region of the gene. Genetic complementation localized the fumonisin-nonproduction phenotype to the polyketide synthase gene in the FUM cluster, and sequence analysis indicated that the nonproduction phenotype resulted from a nucleotide substitution, which introduced a premature stop codon in the coding region. These results provide the first direct evidence that altered fumonisin production phenotypes of naturally occurring F verticillioides variants can result from single point mutations in the FUM cluster. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2424 EP 2430 DI 10.1021/jf0527706 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024WM UT WOS:000236227100068 PM 16536629 ER PT J AU Key, N Roberts, MJ O'Donoghue, E AF Key, N Roberts, MJ O'Donoghue, E TI Risk and farm operator labour supply SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INSURANCE BENEFITS; UNEMPLOYMENT; COMPENSATION; DECISIONS; WORKERS; ALLOCATION; HOUSEHOLDS; COST AB This study uses a large increase in US Federal crop insurance subsidies as a natural experiment to identify the importance of risk for farm operator labour supply. Subsidy increases induced greater crop insurance coverage, which in turn reduced farmers' financial risks. Crop insurance participation data are merged with farm-level Census of Agriculture data from 1992 and 1997 to compare how individuals' off-farm labour supply changed in response to the policy-induced change in insurance coverage. The empirical approach controls for unobserved heterogeneity and accounts for the censored nature of the data. It is found that greater insurance coverage reduces the off-farm labour supply of operators who produced at least $100000 of output, and increased the labour supply of small-farm operators who produced less than $25000 of output. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Key, N (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM nkey@ers.usda.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.1080/00036840500369043 PG 14 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 035XY UT WOS:000237036200008 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Appell, M Willett, JL Schnupf, U Bosma, WB AF Momany, FA Appell, M Willett, JL Schnupf, U Bosma, WB TI DFT study of alpha- and beta-D-galactopyranose at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE B3LYP/6-311++G**; galactose; chair; skew-boat; conformation; Hessian; relative free energy ID D-GALACTOSE; FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; AB-INITIO; D-GLUCOSE; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; CONFORMATIONS; H-1-NMR AB Forty-one conformations of alpha- and beta-(D)-galactopyranose were geometry optimized using the B3LYP density functional and 6-311 double dagger double dagger G** basis set. Full geometry optimization was performed on different ring geometries and different hydroxymethyl rotamers (gg/gt/tg). Analytically derived Hessians were used to calculate zero point energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The lowest energy and free-energy conformation found is the alpha-gg-C-4(1)-c chair conformation, which is of lower electronic and free energy than the lowest energy alpha-D-glucopyranose conformer because of favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions. The in vacuo calculations showed considerable (similar to 2.2 kcal/mol) energetic preference for the alpha over the beta anomer for galactopyranose in both the C-4(1) and C-1(4) chair conformations. Results are compared to glucopyranose and mannopyranose calculations in vacuo. Boat and skew-boat forms were found that remained stable upon gradient optimization, although many starting conformations moved to other boat forms upon optimization. As with glucopyranose and mannopyranose, the orientation and interaction of the hydroxyl groups make the most significant contributions to the conformation-energy relationship in vacuo. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM MOMANYFA@ncaur.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 341 IS 4 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.12.006 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 017XM UT WOS:000235726600010 PM 16414033 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Aguilar, PV Zeng, H Solorzano, A Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A AF Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Aguilar, PV Zeng, H Solorzano, A Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A TI Vaccine against Spanish flu - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 17 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5767 BP 1552 EP 1552 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 022BK UT WOS:000236029500018 ER PT J AU Shim, SH Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Dowd, PF Wicklow, DT AF Shim, SH Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Dowd, PF Wicklow, DT TI Penifulvin A: A sesquiterpenoid-derived metabolite containing a novel dioxa[5,5,5,6]fenestrane ring system from a fungicolous isolate of Penicillium griseofulvum SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DACRYDIUM-CUPRESSINUM; ESSENTIAL OIL; DITERPENE; LAURENENE; ACID AB Penifulvin A (1), a new fungal metabolite with a previously undescribed ring system, has been isolated from cultures of an isolate of Penicillium griseofulvum (NRRL 35584) obtained from a white mycelial growth on a dead hardwood branch collected in a Hawaiian forest. The structure was assigned by analysis of NMR data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Penifulvin A (1) shows significant activity in dietary assays against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shim, SH (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 14 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1225 EP 1228 DI 10.1021/o1060107c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 022IG UT WOS:000236048300054 PM 16524309 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Ishizaki, H AF Dowd, SE Ishizaki, H TI Microarray based comparison of two Escherichia coli O157 : H7 lineages SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA-TOXIN; GENE-CLUSTER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ACID RESISTANCE; BACTERIOPHAGE 933W; REGULATORY PROTEIN; BIOFILM FORMATION; CURLI EXPRESSION; PROMOTER REGION AB Background: Previous research has identified the potential for the existence of two separate lineages of Escherichia coli O157: H7. Clinical isolates tended to cluster primarily within one of these two lineages. To determine if there are virulence related genes differentially expressed between the two lineages we chose to utilize microarray technology to perform an initial screening. Results: Using a 610 gene microarray, designed against the E. coli O157 EDL 933 transcriptome, targeting primarily virulence systems, we chose 3 representative Lineage I isolates ( LI groups mostly clinical isolates) and 3 representative Lineage II isolates (LII groups mostly bovine isolates). Using standard dye swap experimental designs, statistically different expression ( P < 0.05) of 73 genes between the two lineages was revealed. Result highlights indicate that under in vitro anaerobic growth conditions, there is up-regulation of stx2b, ureD, curli (csgAFEG), and stress related genes (hslJ, cspG, ibpB, ibpA) in Lineage I, which may contribute to enhanced virulence or transmission potential. Lineage II exhibits significant up-regulation of type III secretion apparatus, LPS, and flagella related transcripts. Conclusion: These results give insight into comparative regulation of virulence genes as well as providing directions for future research. Ultimately, evaluating the expression of key virulence factors among different E. coli O157 isolates has inherent value and the interpretation of such expression data will continue to evolve as our understanding of virulence, pathogenesis and transmission improves. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Dept Grazing Anim Prod, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov; hishizak@affrc.go.jp NR 87 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 30 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-6-30 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 029SH UT WOS:000236584200001 PM 16539702 ER PT J AU Bidlack, JE Middick, A Shantz, D MacKown, CT Williams, RD Rao, SC AF Bidlack, JE Middick, A Shantz, D MacKown, CT Williams, RD Rao, SC TI Weed control in a pigeon pea-wheat cropping system SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE herbicide; pre-emergence; post-emergence; biomass; Cajanus cajan; Triticum aestivum ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; FORAGE PRODUCTION; CAJANUS-CAJAN; METRIBUZIN; TOLERANCE; IMAZAQUIN; IMAZETHAPYR; CHLORIMURON AB Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) seedlings compete poorly against the rapid growth of warm-season annual weeds. Weed control is required before this heat and drought-tolerant legume can be reliably grown in the U.S. southern Great Plains as a potential source of livestock hay between annual plantings of winter wheat (Tritician. aestivum L.). Currently, no herbicides are labeled for use on pigeon pea grown in the U.S. Three years of replicated field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of applications (1 x and 2 x rates) of herbicides (Pre-emergence, sulfentrazone + chlorimuron and metribuzin; post-emergence, imazapic and sethoxydim) on weed suppression, pigeon pea dry matter, and carry-over effects on a winter wheat crop. The most abundant summer weeds were broadleaf, and all herbicide treatments, except sethoxydim (grass herbicide), reduced weed densities compared to untreated plots without adversely affecting pigeon pea stands. Imazapic treatments provided the most effective weed control. Overall average pigeon pea dry matter ranged from 75 to 256 g m(-2) with sethoxydim and the untreated control <= metribuzin <= sulfentrazone + chlorimuron <= hand weeded control <= imazapic. Compared to the hand-weeded control, imazapic treatments greatly reduced wheat dry matter (1 x 65% and 2 x 91 %) and grain yield (1 x 59% and 2 x, 93%). Imazapic should not be used unless nontransgenic imidazolinone herbicide tolerant wheat cultivars are planted. While the other herbicides decreased negative effects of weeds on pigeon pea dry matter without greatly affecting productivity of a following wheat crop, appropriate labels for each of these herbicides will be required prior to their use by southern Great Plains pigeon pea producers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Cent Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM srao@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.05.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 014TL UT WOS:000235502900008 ER PT J AU Sensoy, A Sorman, AA Tekeli, AE Sorman, AU Garen, DC AF Sensoy, A Sorman, AA Tekeli, AE Sorman, AU Garen, DC TI Point-scale energy and mass balance snowpack simulations in the upper Karasu basin, Turkey SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 07-10, 2005 CL Waterloo, CANADA DE snow modelling; energy and mass balance; upper Karasu basin; Turkey ID SNOWMELT; COVER; RADIATION; SURFACE; CLIMATE; RUNOFF; MELT AB Since snowmelt runoff is important in the mountainous parts of the world, substantial efforts have been made to develop snowmelt models with many different levels of complexity to simulate the processes at the ground (soil-vegetation), within the snow, and at the interface with the atmosphere. Snow modifies the exchange of energy between the land surface and atmosphere and significantly affects the distribution of heating in the atmosphere by changing the surface albedo and regulating turbulent heat and momentum fluxes at the surface. Thus, for computing the amount of melt, the only strictly correct way is using an energy budget. A two-layer point model (SNOBAL) was applied to calculate the energy and mass balance of snowmelt in the upper Karasu basin, in eastern Turkey, during the 2002-04 snow seasons. The data on snow and climate were provided from automated snow and meteorological stations installed and upgraded to collect high-quality time series data of snow and meteorological variables, such as snow water equivalent, snow depth, precipitation and radiation, with automated data transfer. A number of analyses of snowpack energy and mass balance were carried out to understand the key processes that have major impacts on the snow simulation. Each form of energy transfer was evaluated during snow accumulation and ablation periods using a 2 h computational time step. The model results are appraised with respect both to temporal distribution (the model application for three consecutive snow seasons at one site) and to areal evaluation (the model application to three different sites for one season). The model performance is evaluated by comparing the results with observed snow water equivalent, snow depth and lysimeter yield. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Anadolu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Eskisehir, Turkey. Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Remote Sensing Div, Ankara, Turkey. Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Sensoy, A (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Eskisehir, Turkey. EM sensoy@metu.edu.tr RI tekeli, ahmet/F-7594-2011 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 899 EP 922 DI 10.1002/hyp.6120 PG 24 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 026IK UT WOS:000236332400019 ER PT J AU Dewell, RD Hungerford, LL Keen, JE Laegreid, WW Griffin, DD Rupp, GP Grotelueschen, DM AF Dewell, RD Hungerford, LL Keen, JE Laegreid, WW Griffin, DD Rupp, GP Grotelueschen, DM TI Association of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G1 concentration with health and performance in beef calves SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases CY NOV 10-12, 2002 CL St Louis, MO ID COLOSTRAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; CALF MORTALITY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; NEWBORN CALVES; DAIRY HEIFERS; ABSORPTION; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Objective-To evaluate associations between neonatal serum IgG1 concentration and pre- and postweaning morbidity and mortality rates and average daily gains (ADGs) in beef calves and define a cutoff point for serum IgG1 concentration necessary for optimal health and performance of beef calves. Design-Nonconcurrent cohort study. Animals-1,568 crossbred beef calves. Procedure-Single radial immunodiffusion was used to quantitate IgG1 concentration in sera collected from calves between 24 and 72 hours after birth. Logistic regression, ANCOVA, and likelihood ratios were used to analyze data. Results-In the preweaning period, lower perinatal IgG1 concentrations were significantly associated with higher morbidity rates, higher mortality rates, and lower ADGs. Calves with serum IgG1 concentration < 2,400 mg/dL were 1.6 times as likely to become ill before weaning and 2.7 times as likely to die before weaning as calves with higher serum IgG1 concentrations. Calves with serum IgG1 concentration of at least 2,700 mg/dL weighed an estimated 3.35 kg (738 lb) more at 205 days of age than calves with lower serum IgG1 concentration. No significant association of serum IgG1 concentration with feedlot morbidity, death, or ADG was identified. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-By use of likelihood ratios, the threshold of serum IgG1 concentration for optimal health and performance of calves was higher than values reported previously. Implementation and maintenance of management and intervention strategies designed for early detection and treatment of calves at risk for failure of passive transfer will likely result in increases in preweaning health and performance parameters. C1 USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. Univ Nebraska, Great Plains Vet Educ Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Dewell, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 6 BP 914 EP 921 DI 10.2460/javma.228.6.914 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 021IQ UT WOS:000235977300027 PM 16536707 ER PT J AU Crow, T Brown, T De Young, R AF Crow, T Brown, T De Young, R TI The Riverside and Berwyn experience: Contrasts in landscape structure, perceptions of the urban landscape, and their effects on people SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology (IALE) CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL Darwin, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol DE Chicago; urban landscapes; trees; landscape design; Frederick Law Olmsted; natural capital ID SATISFACTION; ENVIRONMENT; ATTACHMENT AB Humans not only structure the landscape through their activities, but their perceptions of nature are affected by the spatial and temporal arrangements (structure) in the landscape. Our understanding of these interactions, however, is limited. We explored the relationship between landscape structure and peoples' perceptions of nature in the Chicago, IL, USA, suburbs of Riverside and Berwyn because they offer contrasting paradigms of an urban landscape. Designed in the 1800s by Frederick Law Olmsted, Riverside has several unique design elements (curvilinear streets, ample setbacks, parkways of variable width with mowed grass and naturalistic groupings of trees) that define the structure and composition of this landscape. The urban forest was the keystone of Olmsted's desire to create a harmonious community characterized by "refined sylvan beauty". In contrast, the adjacent community of Berwyn has right-angled streets with small lots and narrow setbacks for houses. Differences in landscape structure between the two communities produced differences in the diversity, size, and composition of woody vegetation. As measured by patch-size distribution, Riverside had greater diversity in landscape structure than Berwyn, and in turn, Riverside had greater diversity in the composition and size of the woody vegetation compared to Berwyn. Riverside tended toward a "natural" appearance with vegetation, while yards in Berwyn tended to be trimmed and edged. Significant differences between the mean ratings of Riverside and Berwyn respondents were found for six of seven community attribute categories. Riverside participants reported receiving greater benefit from the visual and nature-related features of the urban forest than did Berwyn respondents. Berwyn residents ranked social atmosphere for the community and locomotion (wayfinding) highest among the seven community attribute categories. Despite differences between the two communities, residents valued the green residential environment provided by vegetation. However, the more diverse urban landscape as measured by built structures, woody vegetation, and lot size and shape proved to be more satisfying to the residents of these two communities. The design concepts developed and implemented by Olmsted more than century ago in Riverside are still relevant to city planners striving to develop living environments that are satisfying to urban and suburban residents. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Crow, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20090 USA. EM tcrow@fs.fed.is NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 282 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.04.002 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 014NX UT WOS:000235488000009 ER PT J AU Healey, SP Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB Pierce, DJ AF Healey, SP Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB Pierce, DJ TI Application of two regression-based methods to estimate the effects of partial harvest on forest structure using Landsat data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE change detection; partial harvest; Landsat ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; TM TASSELED CAP; IMAGERY; INDEX; TRANSFORMATION; REFLECTANCE; DISTURBANCE; ATTRIBUTES; VEGETATION; VARIABLES AB Although partial harvests are common in many forest types globally, there has been little assessment of the potential to map the intensity of these harvests using Landsat data. We modeled basal area removal and percent cover change in a study area in central Washington (northwestern USA) using biennial Landsat imagery and reference data from historical aerial photos and a system of inventory plots. First, we assessed the correlation of Landsat spectral bands and associated indices with measured levels of forest removal. The variables most closely associated with forest removal were the shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands (5 and 7) and those strongly influenced by SWIR reflectance (particularly Tasseled Cap Wetness, and the Disturbance Index). The band and indices associated with near-infrared reflectance (band 4, Tasseled Cap Greenness, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were only weakly correlated with degree of forest removal. Two regression-based methods of estimating forest loss were tested. The first, termed "state model differencing" (SMD), involves creating a model representing the relationship between inventory data from any date and corresponding, cross-notinalized spectral data. This "state model" is then applied to imagery from two dates, with the difference between the two estimates taken as estimated change. The second approach, which we called "direct change modeling" (DCM), involves modeling forest structure changes as a single term using re-measured inventory data and spectral differences from corresponding image pairs. In a leave-one-out cross-validation process, DCM-derived estimates of harvest intensity had lower root mean square errors than SMD for both relative basal area change and relative cover change. The higher measured accuracy of DCM in this project must be weighed against several operational advantages of SMD relating to less restrictive reference data requirements and more specific resultant estimates of change. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Healey, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM seanhealey@fs.fed.us; zhiqiang.yang@oregonstate.edu; wcohen@fs.fed.us; piecedjp@dfw.wa.gov NR 40 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 027HX UT WOS:000236407100010 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Kukier, U Lee, B AF Dungan, RS Kukier, U Lee, B TI Blending foundry sands with soil: Effect on dehydrogenase activity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE beneficial use; dehydrogenase; green sand; heavy metals; resin binders; soil microbial activity; waste foundry sand ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; HEAVY-METALS; TOXICITY AB Each year U.S. foundries landfill several million tons of sand that can no longer be used to make metalcasting molds and cores. A possible use for these materials is as an ingredient in manufactured soils; however, potentially harmful metals and resin binders (used to make cores) may adversely impact the soil microbial community. In this study, the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of soil amended with molding sand (clay-coated sand known as "green sand") or core sands at 10%, 30%, and 50% (dry wt.) was determined. The green sands were obtained from iron, aluminum, and brass foundries; the core sands were made with phenol-formaldehyde or furfuryl alcohol based resins. Overall, incremental additions of these sands resulted in a decrease in the DHA which lasted throughout the 12-week experimental period. A brass green sand, which contained high concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn, severely impacted the DHA. By week 12 no DHA was detected in the 30% and 50% treatments. In contrast, the DHA in soil amended with an aluminum green sand was 2.1 times higher (all blending ratios), on average, at week 4 and 1.4 times greater (30% and 50% treatments only) than the controls by week 12. In core sand-amended soil, the DHA results were similar to soils amended with aluminum and iron green sands. Increased activity in some treatments may be a result of the soil microorganisms utilizing the core resins as a carbon source. The DHA assay is a sensitive indicator of environmental stress caused by foundry sand constituents and may be useful to assess which foundry sands are Suitable for beneficial use in the environment. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 357 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.032 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024JD UT WOS:000236190400020 PM 15975632 ER PT J AU Barbosa, RC Riet-Correa, F Medeiros, RMT Lima, EF Barros, SS Gimeno, EJ Molyneux, RJ Gardner, DR AF Barbosa, RC Riet-Correa, F Medeiros, RMT Lima, EF Barros, SS Gimeno, EJ Molyneux, RJ Gardner, DR TI Intoxication by Ipomoea sericophylla and Ipomoea riedelii in goats in the state of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE storage diseases; swainsonine; Ipomoca sericophylla; Ipomoea riedelii; toxic plants ID LYSOSOMAL-STORAGE-DISEASE; LECTIN HISTOCHEMISTRY; INDUCED MANNOSIDOSIS; SWAINSONINE; TOXICOSIS; LOCOWEED; SHEEP; IDENTIFICATION; CARNEA AB A disease of the nervous system was observed in goats from two farms of the semiarid of the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Ipomoea sericophylla was found in one farm and I. riedelii in the other. Both plants were administered experimentally to five goats each. Both plants induced clinical signs similar to those observed in spontaneous cases. Two goats died spontaneously and five were euthanatized. Three goats recovered after the withdrawal of the plants. Histological examination showed that all goats that died spontaneously or were euthanized had diffuse vacuolation of neurons, macrophages of lymphatic tissues, and epithelial cells of pancreas, thyroid, renal tubules and liver. On electron microscopy of Purkinje cells, numerous dilated membrane bordered vacuoles were identified as lysosomes. On lectin-histochemical analysis, cerebellar cells gave positive reactions to Concanavalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris, and succinylated-T. vulgaris, which indicate the storage of alpha-D-mannose, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-N-acetyl-glucosamine, and acetyl-neuraminic acid. The chemical analysis of l. sericophylla and I. riedelii showed 0.11 and 0.14% of swainsonine, respectively. The latter also contained calystegines B-1, B-2 and C-1. It is concluded that I. sericophylla and I. riedelli cause a lysosomal storage disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rural Pernambuco, Programa Pos Grad Ciencia Vet, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. UFCG, Ctr Saude & Tecnol Rural, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, PB, Brazil. Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Vet, BR-96100000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Natl Univ La Plata, Inst Patol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Lab, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plants Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Univ Rural Pernambuco, Programa Pos Grad Ciencia Vet, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM franklin.riet@pesquisador.cnpq.br NR 32 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.11.010 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 029CD UT WOS:000236534700001 PM 16488457 ER PT J AU Hoane, JS Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Ribeiro, MG Borges, AS Yai, LEO Aguiar, DM Cavalcante, GI Bonesi, GL Howe, DK AF Hoane, JS Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Ribeiro, MG Borges, AS Yai, LEO Aguiar, DM Cavalcante, GI Bonesi, GL Howe, DK TI Prevalence of Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora spp. infection in horses from Brazil based on presence of serum antibodies to parasite surface antigen SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; Neospora spp.; seroprevalence; horses; ELISA; Brazil ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SEROPREVALENCE; CANINUM; HUGHESI; OPOSSUM; OREGON; HOST AB Sera from 961 horses from Brazil were tested for antibodies against the major surface antigens SnSAG4 and NhSAG1 to determine the seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi, respectively. Antibodies against SnSAG4 were detected in 669 (69.6%) of the horses, while antibodies against NhSAG1 were detected in only 24 (2.5%) of the horses. These serologic results suggest that there is a high concentration of S. neurona in the environment of Brazil, which results in marked exposure of horses to this parasite. Additionally, the data further confirm that infection with Neospora spp. is relatively uncommon in horses. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Gluck Equine Res Ctr 108, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Prefeitura Municipio Sao Paulo, Ctr Controle Zoonoses, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Howe, DK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Gluck Equine Res Ctr 108, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dkhowe2@uky.edu RI Ribeiro, Marcio/C-9745-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Borges, Alexandre/B-5506-2013; Aguiar, Daniel/F-1268-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Aguiar, Daniel/0000-0001-8631-522X NR 22 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.023 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 022FK UT WOS:000236040300010 PM 16310955 ER PT J AU Wilson, ACC Dunbar, HE Davis, GK Hunter, WB Stern, DL Moran, NA AF Wilson, ACC Dunbar, HE Davis, GK Hunter, WB Stern, DL Moran, NA TI A dual-genome microarray for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and its obligate bacterial symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; HOMOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; SEQUENCE; STRESS AB Background: The best studied insect-symbiont system is that of aphids and their primary bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola. Buchnera inhabits specialized host cells called bacteriocytes, provides nutrients to the aphid and has co-speciated with its aphid hosts for the past 150 million years. We have used a single microarray to examine gene expression in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and its resident Buchnera. Very little is known of gene expression in aphids, few studies have examined gene expression in Buchnera, and no study has examined simultaneously the expression profiles of a host and its symbiont. Expression profiling of aphids, in studies such as this, will be critical for assigning newly discovered A. pisum genes to functional roles. In particular, because aphids possess many genes that are absent from Drosophila and other holometabolous insect taxa, aphid genome annotation efforts cannot rely entirely on homology to the best-studied insect systems. Development of this dual-genome array represents a first attempt to characterize gene expression in this emerging model system. Results: We chose to examine heat shock response because it has been well characterized both in Buchnera and in other insect species. Our results from the Buchnera of A. pisum show responses for the same gene set as an earlier study of heat shock response in Buchnera for the host aphid Schizaphis graminum. Additionally, analyses of aphid transcripts showed the expected response for homologs of known heat shock genes as well as responses for several genes with unknown functional roles. Conclusion: We examined gene expression under heat shock of an insect and its bacterial symbiont in a single assay using a dual-genome microarray. Further, our results indicate that microarrays are a useful tool for inferring functional roles of genes in A. pisum and other insects and suggest that the pea aphid genome may contain many gene paralogs that are differentially regulated. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wilson, ACC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM acwilson@email.arizona.edu; dunbar@email.arizona.edu; gkdavis@Princeton.EDU; whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; dstern@Princeton.EDU; nmoran@u.arizona.edu RI Moran, Nancy/G-1591-2010; OI Stern, David/0000-0002-1847-6483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM069102, 5F32GM069102-03, 1R01GM63622-01, K12 GM000708, 1 K12 GM00708, R01 GM063622] NR 37 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 14 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 50 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-50 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 029QV UT WOS:000236580400001 PM 16536873 ER PT J AU Simpson, SJ Sword, GA Lorch, PD Couzin, ID AF Simpson, SJ Sword, GA Lorch, PD Couzin, ID TI Cannibal crickets on a forced march for protein and salt SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cannibalism; migration; Mormon cricket; swarming ID MORMON CRICKETS; TETTIGONIIDAE; ARTHROPODS; ORTHOPTERA; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; OMNIVORY; QUALITY; LOCUST; DIETS AB Swarming and mass migration are spectacular and sometimes devastating features of the biology of various animal species. These phenomena are typically associated with actual or anticipated depletion of food resources after an increase in population density, but the mechanisms driving such collective movements are poorly understood. Here we reveal that insects in large, coordinated migratory bands consisting of millions of Mormon crickets in western North America were deprived of two essential nutritional resources: protein and salt. The insects themselves provided a major source of these nutrients, and cannibalism was rife. We show that protein and salt satiation reduced cannibalism and that protein satiation inhibited walking. Additionally, experimentally reducing the motility or mobility of crickets substantially increased their risk of being cannibalized by other band members. As a result, the availability of protein and salt in the habitat will influence the extent to which bands march, both through the direct effect of nutrient state on locomotion and indirectly through the threat of cannibalism by resource-deprived crickets approaching from the rear. The crickets are, in effect, on a forced march. Migratory band formation and subsequent mass movement, therefore, are manifestations of specific tradeoffs between the costs and benefits of group living. Bands afford antipredator benefits to individual group members. Group movement then mitigates the resulting costs of intraspecific competition, namely local depletion of nutritional resources and the associated increased risk of cannibalism. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Simpson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Heydon Laurence Bldg A08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM stephen.simpson@bio.usyd.edu.au RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Simpson, Stephen J./0000-0003-0256-7687; Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436; Couzin, Iain/0000-0001-8556-4558 NR 28 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 7 U2 50 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 14 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 11 BP 4152 EP 4156 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508915103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 027QE UT WOS:000236429300041 PM 16537500 ER PT J AU See, DR Brooks, S Nelson, JC Brown-Guedira, G Friebe, B Gill, BS AF See, DR Brooks, S Nelson, JC Brown-Guedira, G Friebe, B Gill, BS TI Gene evolution at the ends of wheat chromosomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE rice; synteny ID COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RECOMBINATION RATES; GENOME EVOLUTION; POLYPLOID WHEAT; GRASS GENOMES; DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYSICAL MAP; RICE; DYNAMICS; COMPLEX AB Wheat ESTs mapped to deletion bins in the distal 42% of the long arm of chromosome 4B (4BL) were ordered in silico, based on BLASTN homology against rice pseudochromosome 3. The ESTs spanned 29 cM on the short arm of rice chromosome 3, which is known to be syntenic to long arms of group-4 chromosomes of wheat. Fine-scale deletion-bin and genetic mapping revealed that 83% of ESTs were syntenic between wheat and rice, a far higher level of synteny than previously reported, and 6% were nonsyntenic (not located on rice chromosome 3). One inversion spanning a 5-cM region in rice and three deletion bins in wheat was identified. The remaining 11% of wheat ESTs showed no sequence homology in rice and mapped to the terminal 5% of the wheat chromosome 4BL. In this region, 27% of ESTs were duplicated, and it accounted for 70% of the recombination in the 4BL arm. Globally in wheat, no sequence homology ESTs mapped to the terminal bins, and ESTs rarely mapped to interstitial chromosomal regions known to be recombination hot spots. The wheat-rice comparative genomics analysis indicated that gene evolution occurs preferentially at the ends of chromosomes, driven by duplication and divergence associated with high rates of recombination. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, ARS, Dept Agron, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsgill@ksu.edu NR 53 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 14 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 11 BP 4162 EP 4167 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508942102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 027QE UT WOS:000236429300043 PM 16537502 ER PT J AU Hagen, SC Braswell, BH Linder, E Frolking, S Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY AF Hagen, SC Braswell, BH Linder, E Frolking, S Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY TI Statistical uncertainty of eddy flux-based estimates of gross ecosystem carbon exchange at Howland Forest, Maine SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CO2 EXCHANGE; COVARIANCE; MODEL; RESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VARIABILITY; DIOXIDE AB [1] We present an uncertainty analysis of gross ecosystem carbon exchange ( GEE) estimates derived from 7 years of continuous eddy covariance measurements of forest-atmosphere CO2 fluxes at Howland Forest, Maine, USA. These data, which have high temporal resolution, can be used to validate process modeling analyses, remote sensing assessments, and field surveys. However, separation of tower-based net ecosystem exchange ( NEE) into its components ( respiration losses and photosynthetic uptake) requires at least one application of a model, which is usually a regression model fitted to nighttime data and extrapolated for all daytime intervals. In addition, the existence of a significant amount of missing data in eddy flux time series requires a model for daytime NEE as well. Statistical approaches for analytically specifying prediction intervals associated with a regression require, among other things, constant variance of the data, normally distributed residuals, and linearizable regression models. Because the NEE data do not conform to these criteria, we used a Monte Carlo approach (bootstrapping) to quantify the statistical uncertainty of GEE estimates and present this uncertainty in the form of 90% prediction limits. We explore two examples of regression models for modeling respiration and daytime NEE: ( 1) a simple, physiologically based model from the literature and ( 2) a nonlinear regression model based on an artificial neural network. We find that uncertainty at the half-hourly timescale is generally on the order of the observations themselves (i.e., similar to 100%) but is much less at annual timescales ( similar to 10%). On the other hand, this small absolute uncertainty is commensurate with the interannual variability in estimated GEE. The largest uncertainty is associated with choice of model type, which raises basic questions about the relative roles of models and data. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Math & Stat, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hagen, SC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM steve.hagen@unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516 NR 26 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D8 AR D08S03 DI 10.1029/2005JD006154 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025MP UT WOS:000236270700001 ER PT J AU de Benoist, B Darnton-Hill, I Lynch, S Allen, L Savioli, L AF de Benoist, B Darnton-Hill, I Lynch, S Allen, L Savioli, L TI Zinc and iron supplementation trials in Nepal and Tanzania SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID ROUTINE PROPHYLACTIC SUPPLEMENTATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; FOLIC-ACID; MORTALITY C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP de Benoist, B (reprint author), WHO, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM debenoist@who.int NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 11 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 9513 BP 816 EP 816 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68334-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 021WL UT WOS:000236016500023 PM 16530574 ER PT J AU Allen, RG Pruitt, WO Wright, JL Howell, TA Ventura, F Snyder, R Itenfisu, D Steduto, P Berengena, J Yrisarry, JB Smith, M Pereira, LS Raes, D Perrier, A Alves, I Walter, I Elliott, R AF Allen, RG Pruitt, WO Wright, JL Howell, TA Ventura, F Snyder, R Itenfisu, D Steduto, P Berengena, J Yrisarry, JB Smith, M Pereira, LS Raes, D Perrier, A Alves, I Walter, I Elliott, R TI A recommendation on standardized surface resistance for hourly calculation of reference ETO by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; standardization; Penman-Monteith; FAO; reference evapotranspiration ID REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION; VARIABLE CANOPY RESISTANCE; SOIL-WATER REGIMES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MAIZE CANOPIES; LEAF; MODEL; FIELD; DYNAMICS AB Continued development of networks of electronic weather stations worldwide has increased the availability of weather data for calculating ET, on an hourly basis. There has been question and debate as well as studies on the appropriate expression and parameterization for the surface resistance (r(s)) parameter of the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation and the associated coefficient for the reduced form FAO-PM equation when applied hourly. This paper reviews the performance of the FAO-PM method using r(s) = 70 s m(-1) for hourly periods and using a lower r(s) = 50 s m(-1) value during daytime and r(s) = 200 s m(-1) during nighttime. Variability in hour to hour trends in r(s) among locations and dates makes it difficult, if not impossible, to establish a consistent algorithm for r(s). However, the relatively good and consistent accuracy in ETO when using a constant r(s) = 50 s m(-1) during daytime gives good reason to recommend this value as a standardized parameter and coefficient for calculating ET.. Based on a national study in the U.S. and studies by European and American researchers, the authors recommend that the FAO-PM ET, method from FAO56, when applied on an hourly or shorter basis, use rs = 50 s m(-1) for daytime and r(s) = 200 s m(-1) for nighttime periods. This use will provide, on average, good agreement with computations made on a 24-h time step basis. No changes are suggested for the FAO-PM method for daily (24-h) time steps, where use of r(s) = 70 s m(-1) should continue. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, NW Soils & Irrigat Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Alberta Dept Agr, Edmonton, AB, Canada. FAO, AGLW, I-00100 Rome, Italy. CIFA Alameda Obispo, Inst Invest & Formac Agroalimentaria & Pesquera, Cordoba, Spain. Inst Super Agron, Dept Engn Rural, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Univ Idaho, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM RALLEN@uidaho.edu; Pasquale.Steduto@fao.org; Martin.Sniith@fao.org RI ventura, francesca/I-3971-2012; Alves, Isabel/F-8829-2010; Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI ventura, francesca/0000-0003-0748-942X; Alves, Isabel/0000-0002-4579-9843; Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 48 TC 170 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.03.007 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 019UB UT WOS:000235861100001 ER PT J AU Northey, JE Christen, EW Ayars, JE Jankowski, J AF Northey, JE Christen, EW Ayars, JE Jankowski, J TI Occurrence and measurement of salinity stratification in shallow groundwater in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, south-eastern Australia SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE salinity stratification; irrigation salinity; shallow groundwater ID WATER-TABLE; GROWTH; LUCERNE; COTTON; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LYSIMETERS; BEHAVIOR; REGIMES; REGION AB Capillary upflow from shallow groundwater is a significant contributor of soil salinisation in irrigated areas and is highly dependent on water table position and salinity. Lysimeters have traditionally been used to quantify capillary upflow from shallow water tables and the potential salinisation risk. However, water table position and salinity are usually controlled to remain constant in lysimeter studies, while short-term variations in these parameters may exist under surface irrigated agriculture. Consequently, the extrapolation of calculated crop water uptake and potential soil salinisation processes from lysimeter studies to field conditions may be misleading in selected cases. A multilevel sampler was designed to collect water samples at 20 cm intervals to investigate changes in water table position and salinity stratification of a shallow fluctuating water table under furrow irrigated fields. Water samples were taken from the upper 20 cm of the shallow groundwater (the water table zone, WTZ) as it rose and fell following irrigation events at three farms in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, in south-western New South Wales, Australia. The water table was within 2 m of the ground surface at all sites and irrigation events resulted in large fluctuations in water table position over the irrigation season. Salinity stratification of the shallow groundwater was found to exist with low salinity water overlying more saline groundwater and a zone of variable salinity extending up to 2 m. The salinity generally increased with depth. In addition to changes in shallow groundwater salinity with depth, salinity fluctuated at specific depths over the irrigation season. The salinity of the WTZ also varied with changes in water table position. Following an irrigation event, a rising water table is associated with lower salinity at the WTZ. At each depth interval sampled, the salinity increased between water table rise and fall. The water table position and salinity are important determinants of salinity risks since they are the foundation for capillary upflow. Consequently, short-term variations in the position and salinity of shallow water tables under field conditions will affect capillary upflow and salt movement into the root zone. Therefore, where variations in these parameters exist at the field scale, detailed measurements should be taken to accurately predict crop water uptake and assess potential soil salinisation hazards. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Griffith, NSW 2680, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA USA. RP Northey, JE (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 3, Griffith, NSW 2680, Australia. EM jessica.northey@csiro.au RI Christen, Evan/B-5117-2012 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.003 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 019UB UT WOS:000235861100002 ER PT J AU Fernandez, GP Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM AF Fernandez, GP Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM TI DRAINMOD-GIS: A lumped parameter watershed scale drainage and water quality model SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed model; DRAINMOD; drainage; water quality ID UNCERTAINTY; BASIN AB A watershed scale lumped parameter hydrology and water quality model that includes an uncertainty analysis component was developed and tested on a lower coastal plain watershed in North Carolina. Uncertainty analysis was used to determine the impacts of uncertainty in field and network parameters of the model on the predicted outflows and nitrate-nitrogen loads at the outlet of the watershed. The model, which links DRAINMOD field hydrology and a spatially distributed routing model using a kernel function, accurately predicted the outlet flows and nitrate-nitrogen loads from a lower coastal plain watershed. Model predictions were within 1% of both measured outflows and nitrate-nitrogen loads. Uncertainty analysis indicated that uncertainty in stream velocities, decay coefficient and field exports significantly contributed to the uncertainty in the predicted outlet flows, loads and mean watershed delivery ratio. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Fernandez, GP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gfernand@eos.ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.03.004 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 019UB UT WOS:000235861100005 ER PT J AU Goff, JP AF Goff, JP TI Macromineral physiology and application to the feeding of the dairy cow for prevention of milk fever and other periparturient mineral disorders SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE milk fevers; DCAD; hypomagnesemia; hypocalcemia; hypophosphatemia; hypokalemia ID BOVINE PARTURIENT PARESIS; ACID-BASE STATUS; VITAMIN-D; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ANIONIC SALTS; MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS; HYPOKALEMIA SYNDROME; METABOLIC RESPONSES; BALANCE DISORDERS; DIGESTIVE-TRACT AB The periparturient cow undergoes a transition from non-lactating to lactating at calving. The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the cow to a variety of other disorders. Less dramatic sub-clinical hypocalcemia can also reduce productivity of cattle by reducing feed intake in early lactation. The cause and prevention of milk fever will be discussed, focusing on the role of diet cation-anion difference and use of low calcium diets. The peripartufient period also typically causes minor perturbations in blood potassium and phosphorus concentrations. Occasionally these disturbances are severe enough to be the cause of recumbency and the "downer cow" syndrome. Pathogenesis of these syndromes will be discussed. Low blood magnesium concentrations are observed when animals are fed inadequate amounts of magnesium or some factor is present in the diet, which prevents adequate absorption of magnesium. Severe hypomagnesemia can cause tetany and the downer cow syndrome, but more commonly moderate hypomagnesemia impairs the ability of the cow to maintain calcium homeostasis and hypocalcemia occurs secondary to the hypomagnesemia. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis & Immunol Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis & Immunol Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jgoff@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 83 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR 9 PY 2006 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.005 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 018KK UT WOS:000235762900004 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA AF Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA TI Ratios of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in leaves, stems, and roots of selected accessions of Gossypium hirsutum var. marie galante (Watt) Hutchinson SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; (+)-gossypol; (-)-gossypol; Gossypium hirsutum var. marie-galante ID VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; GLANDLESS COTTONS; ALDEHYDES; TOXICITY; STRAINS; GROWTH; HEMIGOSSYPOL; INSECTS AB Gossypol is an allelochemical that occurs naturally throughout the cotton plant as an enantiomeric mixture. Gossypol and related terpenoids protect the plant from some insect herbivores. Cottonseed has a high protein content, but it is underutilized because (-)-gossypol, which is toxic to nonruminants, occurs in the seed along with (+)-gossypol. Commercial Upland cottons usually have an approximate 3:2 (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratio in the seed, but plants can be bred with < 8% (-)-gossypol using accessions of Gossypium, hirsutum var. marie galante as parents. We report the (+)- and (-)-gossypol ratios and the concentration of related terpenoids in the stems, leaves, and roots of four accessions of marie galante that show high, moderate, and near normal levels of (+)-gossypol in the seed; we compare these values to the commercial cultivar Stoneville 474, which has 62% (+)-gossypol in the seed. In the marie galante accessions 2452 and 2425 that have the highest levels of (+)-gossypol in the seed, the percent (+)-gossypol and the concentration of gossypol and the related terpenoids were significantly higher (P = 0.05) in the stems and leaves as compared to Stoneville 474. Our analysis indicates that progeny from accessions 2452 and 2425 that retain these traits should not be overly susceptible to herbivorous insects. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1633 EP 1637 DI 10.1021/jf052319e PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 022EG UT WOS:000236037000016 PM 16506812 ER PT J AU Fokialakis, N Cantrell, CL Duke, SO Skaltsounis, AL Wedge, DE AF Fokialakis, N Cantrell, CL Duke, SO Skaltsounis, AL Wedge, DE TI Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Echinops ritro; thiophenes; antifungal activity; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Botrytis cinerea; Fusarium oxysporum; Phomopsis viticola; Phomopsis obscurans ID TAGETES-PATULA; BIOAUTOGRAPHY; SUBSTANCES AB Extracts from 30 plants of the Greek flora were evaluated for their antifungal activity using direct bioautography assays with three Colletotrichum species. Among the bioactive extracts, the dichloromethane extract of the radix of Echinops ritro (Asteraceae) was the most potent. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of eight thiophenes. Antifungal activities of isolated compounds together with a previously isolated thiophene from Echinops transiliensis were first evaluated by bioautography and subsequently evaluated in greater detail using a broth microdilution assay against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis viticola, and Phomopsis obscurans. 5'-(3-Buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophen (1), alpha-terthienyl (2), and 2-[pent-1,3-diynyl]-5-[4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl]thiophene (5) at 3 and 30 mu M were active against all three Colletotrichum species, F oxysporum, P. viticola, and P. obscurans. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Athens, Fac Pharm, Div Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Dwedge@olemiss.edu NR 22 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1651 EP 1655 DI 10.1021/jf052702j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 022EG UT WOS:000236037000019 PM 16506815 ER PT J AU Isleib, TG Pattee, HE Sanders, TH Hendrix, KW Dean, LO AF Isleib, TG Pattee, HE Sanders, TH Hendrix, KW Dean, LO TI Compositional and sensory comparisons between normal- and high-oleic peanuts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L.; flavor; fatty acids; chemical composition ID STABILITY; FLAVOR; TRAIT AB The high-oleic-acid trait improves the oxidative stability of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and their products. The explicit effect of the trait on sensory quality, particularly on off-flavors associated with oil rancidity, has not been well documented. To assess the effect of the trait on off-flavors, data from two independent databases were analyzed to compare sensory quality and composition in normal-versus high-oleic peanut genotypes. In data collected using a sensory panel in the Department of Food Science at North Carolina State University, there were small differences between near-isogenic lines for intensities of the roasted peanut, astringent, over-roast, and nutty attributes, with the high-oleic lines exhibiting slightly greater intensities of those attributes. There were no differences for off-flavors such as fruity, painty, stale, moldy, or petroleum. In data collected from the multistate Uniform Peanut Performance Test and evaluated by a panel in the USDA-ARS Market Quality and Handling Research Unit (MQHRU) at Raleigh, NC, there were differences in chemical composition associated with the high-oleic trait, including differences in oil content, tocopherols, and carbohydrates in addition to the expected differences in fatty acid contents. There were small decreases in the intensities of the sensory attributes cardboard and painty associated with the high-oleic trait in the MQHRU data when all high-oleic lines were compared with all normal-oleic lines. Comparison of the near-isogenic pair NC 7 and N00090ol showed differences in oil and glucose contents, but not in sensory attributes. The high-oleic trait does not appear to have a major impact on sensory quality on average, although there were individual instances in which the trait was associated with shifts in sensory attribute intensities that may be perceptible to consumers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pattee, HE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM harold_pattee@ncsu.edu RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1759 EP 1763 DI 10.1021/jf052353t PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 022EG UT WOS:000236037000034 PM 16506830 ER PT J AU Foster, JG Clapham, WM Belesky, DP Labreveux, M Hall, MH Sanderson, MA AF Foster, JG Clapham, WM Belesky, DP Labreveux, M Hall, MH Sanderson, MA TI Influence of cultivation site an sesquiterpene lactone composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cichorium intybus L.; forage chicory; forage feast; lacerta; Puna; sesquiterpene lactones; lactucin; lactucopicrin; 8-deoxylactucin; phosphorus ID GRASSLANDS PUNA CHICORY; DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT LEVELS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PRODUCTIVITY; SWARDS; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; DEFENSE; QUALITY AB The forage potential of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has not been realized in southern West Virginia (WV) because ruminants are reluctant to consume the herbage. Chicory contains bitter sesquiterpene lactones that can adversely impact palatability. This study was undertaken to determine whether sesquiterpene lactone concentrations in chicory grown in southern WV differ from those in chicory grown in central Pennsylvania (PA) where chicory is grazed readily. Herbage was collected in 1997 and 1998 from cultivars Grasslands Puna (Puna), INIA le Lacerta (Lacerta), and Forage Feast established at research sites near State College, PA, and Beckley, WV. The total concentration of sesquiterpene lactones in WV-grown cultivars was 0.58% (dry matter basis) in Puna, 0.59% in Lacerta, and 0.79% in Forage Feast in 1997 and ranged from 1.03 (Lacerta) to 1.52% (Forage Feast) in 1998. In PA-grown cultivars, sesquiterpene lactones represented 0.16 (Puna), 0.18 (Lacerta), and 0.27% (Forage Feast) of the forage dry matter in 1997 and ranged from 0.32 (Lacerta) to 0.55% (Forage Feast) in 1998. Concentrations of lactucin, lactucopicrin, and total sesquiterpene lactones in Forage Feast exceeded those in the other cultivars; grown at the same site. The lowest concentrations of lactucopicrin and total sesquiterpene lactones observed among WV-grown cultivars were higher (2-fold or more) than the highest concentrations present in cultivars grown the same year in PA. Mineral analyses of soils from the two cultivation sites indicate that P availability may influence sesquiterpene lactone composition of chicory herbage. Results provide a foundation for future studies of environmental effects on sesquiterpene lactone composition and palatability of chicory herbage. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Foster, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Joyce.Foster@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1772 EP 1778 DI 10.1021/jf052546g PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 022EG UT WOS:000236037000036 PM 16506832 ER PT J AU Funk, C Weber, P Thilker, J Grabber, JH Steinhart, H Bunzel, M AF Funk, C Weber, P Thilker, J Grabber, JH Steinhart, H Bunzel, M TI Influence of lignification and feruloylation of maize cell walls on the adsorption of heterocyclic aromatic amines SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic aromatic amines; carcinogens; adsorption studies; Zea mays; dehydrogenation polymer-cell wall complexes; lignin; monolignols; ferulates; diferulates ID FERULIC ACID DEHYDRODIMERS; DIETARY FIBER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CROSS-LINKING; MODEL; RISK; BRAN; IDENTIFICATION; PROTECTION; VEGETABLES AB Both epidemiological and experimental data indicate that a diet rich in fiber may reduce cancer risk. One possible mechanism is by adsorbing carcinogens and transporting them out of the body without metabolic activation. We investigated the role of fiber lignification and feruloylation on the adsorption of four of the most relevant heterocyclic aromatic amines in food: 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (A alpha C). Adsorption experiments, under conditions mimicking the small intestine, were carried out using nonlignified and artificially lignified primary maize walls with defined lignin and ferulate/diferulate concentrations and defined lignin compositions. Lignin concentration and composition both influenced the adsorption of heterocyclic aromatic amines, especially the more hydrophobic types. Heterocyclic aromatic amine adsorption increased with lignin concentration. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole were better adsorbed by guaiacyl-rich lignins, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline by syringyl-rich lignins, whereas the adsorption of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline was not clearly influenced by lignin composition. Nonlignified cell walls adsorbed lesser amounts of heterocyclic aromatic amines. Variations in cell wall feruloylation had no effect on heterocyclic aromatic amine adsorption. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM Mirko.Bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1860 EP 1867 DI 10.1021/jf052275+ PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 022EG UT WOS:000236037000049 PM 16506845 ER PT J AU Ahmed, T Das, SK Roberts, SB Golden, JK Saltzman, E Meydani, SN AF Ahmed, T Das, SK Roberts, SB Golden, JK Saltzman, E Meydani, SN TI Calorie restriction (CR) enhances T cell mediated immune response in overweight men and women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A988 EP A988 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201295 ER PT J AU Band, MA Goutis, J Ordovas, J Meydani, M AF Band, MA Goutis, J Ordovas, J Meydani, M TI Long-term vitamin E supplementation reduces atherosclerosis and mortality in LDLR-/-mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts USDA JM HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1316 EP A1316 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204282 ER PT J AU Beiseigel, JM Klevay, LM Hunt, JR AF Beiseigel, JM Klevay, LM Hunt, JR TI Healthy postmenopausal women adapt to reduce zinc absorption in response to zinc supplementation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A985 EP A985 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201279 ER PT J AU Bhupathiraju, S Hanson, KB Westbrook, E Stewart, J Hanson, L Reddy, M Koehler, K Van Loan, M Alekel, DL AF Bhupathiraju, S Hanson, KB Westbrook, E Stewart, J Hanson, L Reddy, M Koehler, K Van Loan, M Alekel, DL TI Relationship between bomocysteine and trabecular bone in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1062 EP A1062 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202105 ER PT J AU Brown, DC Davis, ME Lockhart, B Bass, B Rehberger, T Solano-Aguilar, GI Jones, EA Dawson, HD Maxwell, CV AF Brown, DC Davis, ME Lockhart, B Bass, B Rehberger, T Solano-Aguilar, GI Jones, EA Dawson, HD Maxwell, CV TI Effect of milk supplementation with Lactobacillus brevis 1E1 on jejunal gene expression SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Agtech Prod Inc, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1057 EP A1057 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202085 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Nelson, MD Neidlinger, TR AF Burri, BJ Nelson, MD Neidlinger, TR TI The impact of biochemical and physiological factors on the correlation between dietary and serum lycopene SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, ARS, PWA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1318 EP A1318 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204289 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Polansky, MM Blackshear, PJ Anderson, RA AF Cao, HP Polansky, MM Blackshear, PJ Anderson, RA TI Insulin and cinnamon polyphenols increase the amount of insulin receptor b, glucose transporter 4, and anti-inflammatory protein tristetraprolin in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIEHS, DHHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A939 EP A939 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201061 ER PT J AU Carruthers, NJ Dowd, MK Stemmer, PM AF Carruthers, NJ Dowd, MK Stemmer, PM TI Gossypol disrupts calcineurin activation at multiple sites SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Wayne State Univ, Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. USDA, ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1123 EP A1124 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202379 ER PT J AU Champagne, CM Casey, PH Connell, C Stuff, JE Gossett, JM Harsha, DW McCabe-Sellers, B Robbins, JM Simpson, PM Szeto, KL Weber, JL Bogle, ML AF Champagne, CM Casey, PH Connell, C Stuff, JE Gossett, JM Harsha, DW McCabe-Sellers, B Robbins, JM Simpson, PM Szeto, KL Weber, JL Bogle, ML TI Household food insecurity and other effects on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) in an adult rural population in the Mississippi Delta SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1004 EP A1004 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201362 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Shang, F Wu, DY Meydani, SN AF Cui, XL Shang, F Wu, DY Meydani, SN TI Proteasome activity declines in aged macrophages SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Vis Res Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer HNRCA Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A983 EP A983 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201272 ER PT J AU Dietrich, M Jacques, P Polak, J Pencina, M Evans, J Selhub, J Ramachandran, V D'Agostino, R AF Dietrich, M Jacques, P Polak, J Pencina, M Evans, J Selhub, J Ramachandran, V D'Agostino, R TI Plasma homocysteine and carotid artery intima-media thickness: Site-specific associations in the Framingham Offspring Cohort SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NEMC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1032 EP A1032 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201491 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, N Bermudez, O Perez-Escamilla, R AF Fitzgerald, N Bermudez, O Perez-Escamilla, R TI Waist circumference modifies the relationship between ethnicity/race and type 2 diabetes among adults in the NHANES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Family & Community Hlth Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1031 EP A1031 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201486 ER PT J AU Garrod, MG Grant, RW Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW AF Garrod, MG Grant, RW Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW TI The ratio of holotranscobalamin to total B12: associations with transcobalamin genotype, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A859 EP A859 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200192 ER PT J AU Guo, WM Wise, ML Peterson, DM Meydani, M AF Guo, WM Wise, ML Peterson, DM Meydani, M TI Methyl ester of avenanthramide-c inhibits TNF alpha- and IL-1 beta-induced NF-kappa B activation in endothelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1000 EP A1000 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201345 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Wang, T Dawson, K AF Hawkes, WC Wang, T Dawson, K TI Selenium and gene expression in cultured human mammary cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1069 EP A1069 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202134 ER PT J AU Hu, KQ Wang, XD AF Hu, KQ Wang, XD TI The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1060 EP A1060 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202097 ER PT J AU Jain, D Ebine, N Jia, XM Kassis, A Marinangeli, C Hicks, K Moreau, R Jones, P AF Jain, D Ebine, N Jia, XM Kassis, A Marinangeli, C Hicks, K Moreau, R Jones, P TI Cholesterol kinetics and intestinal sterol transporter gene expression in response to corn fiber oil and its constituents in hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. USDA, E MERMARID LN, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1025 EP A1025 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201461 ER PT J AU Johnson, HA Keim, NL AF Johnson, HA Keim, NL TI Computational model of human energy metabolism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1029 EP A1029 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201476 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Newman, SM AF Johnson, WT Newman, SM TI Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in the adult offspring of copper-deficient dams SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1065 EP A1066 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202119 ER PT J AU Jones, KM Ramirez-Zea, M Zuleta, C Allen, LH AF Jones, KM Ramirez-Zea, M Zuleta, C Allen, LH TI Highly prevalent vitamin B-12 deficiency in Guatemalan infants aged 12 months is predicted by poor maternal status and infant diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Amer & Panama, Inst Nutr, Guatemala City, Guatemala. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1049 EP A1049 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202046 ER PT J AU Jones, KM Black, MM Mejia, RM Ramirez-Zea, M Zuleta, C Allen, LH AF Jones, KM Black, MM Mejia, RM Ramirez-Zea, M Zuleta, C Allen, LH TI Cognitive function, motor skills, and behavior of Guatemalan infants with highly prevalent deficient and marginal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Amer & Panama, Inst Nutr, Guatemala City, Guatemala. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1048 EP A1048 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202043 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Dowd, SE Mateo, RD Yoon, I AF Kim, SW Dowd, SE Mateo, RD Yoon, I TI Long term dietary supplementation of organic selenium enhances expression of immune related genes in adult pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA, ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Diamond V Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA 52407 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1069 EP A1069 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202137 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Blanton, CA Green, MW AF Kretsch, MJ Blanton, CA Green, MW TI Cognitive impairment in low iron-status premenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Aston Univ, Inst Psychol, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1003 EP A1003 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201358 ER PT J AU Lampke, SM Pavlovich, J Polansky, M Anderson, R Graves, D AF Lampke, SM Pavlovich, J Polansky, M Anderson, R Graves, D TI Activation of insulin-like activity of proanthocyanidins from cinnamon SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A939 EP A939 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201060 ER PT J AU Li, L Wang, Y Yin, SA Grusak, MA Russell, RM Tang, GW AF Li, L Wang, Y Yin, SA Grusak, MA Russell, RM Tang, GW TI Bioconversion of spinach beta-carotene to vitamin A in Chinese children with normal or marginal vitamin A status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Zhejiang Acad Med Sci, Inst Hlth Foods, Hangzhou 310013, Peoples R China. USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1319 EP A1319 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204294 ER PT J AU Linke, T Ross, AC Harrison, EH AF Linke, T Ross, AC Harrison, EH TI Proteomic approaches to vitamin A research. Protein expression analysis of retinol-deficient rat plasma by two-dimensional liquid chromatography SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutrit Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A997 EP A997 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201332 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, BJ McFarlin, CS Sharkey, JR Champagne, CM Allen, HR Bogle, ML AF McCabe-Sellers, BJ McFarlin, CS Sharkey, JR Champagne, CM Allen, HR Bogle, ML TI Does diagnosis of osteoporosis increase musculoskeletal nutrient index scores in older adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A992 EP A992 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201312 ER PT J AU McDermott, AY Kirkendall, R Brousseau, ME Parnell, L Polisecki, EY Schaefer, EJ AF McDermott, AY Kirkendall, R Brousseau, ME Parnell, L Polisecki, EY Schaefer, EJ TI Association of obesity with variations at selected gene loci SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1036 EP A1036 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201508 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Graf, BA Blumberg, JB Curran-Celentano, JM Mayer, J AF Milbury, PE Graf, BA Blumberg, JB Curran-Celentano, JM Mayer, J TI Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) anthocyanins on apoptosis and oxidative stress-induced responses in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1001 EP A1001 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201350 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Dueker, SR Carkeet, C Anderson, P Buchholz, BA Green, R AF Miller, JW Dueker, SR Carkeet, C Anderson, P Buchholz, BA Green, R TI Measurement of vitamin B12 absorption in a human subject using 14C-B12 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Vitalea Sci Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Genet & Dev, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A858 EP A858 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200190 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Folate and vitamin B12 status in relation to macrocytosis, anemia, and cognitive impairment in older Americans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1003 EP A1003 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201359 ER PT J AU Ndirangu, M Yadrick, K Avis, A Santell, R Perkins, H West, JR Connell, C Strickland, E Bogle, ML AF Ndirangu, M Yadrick, K Avis, A Santell, R Perkins, H West, JR Connell, C Strickland, E Bogle, ML TI Conducting needs assessment using the Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation model to develop nutrition and physical activity interventions in a rural Lower Mississippi Delta community SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Alcorn State Univ, Alcorn State, MS 39096 USA. HNIRI, Hollandale, MS 38748 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1008 EP A1008 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201381 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wise, ML Peterson, D Meydani, M AF Nie, L Wise, ML Peterson, D Meydani, M TI Mechanism by which Avenanthramide-c, a polyphenol of oats, blocks cell cycle progression in vascular smooth muscle cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, ARS Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1014 EP A1014 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201409 ER PT J AU Oliver, WT Lopez, R Yorks, KA Fiorotto, ML AF Oliver, WT Lopez, R Yorks, KA Fiorotto, ML TI Regulation of ERK expression by muscle IGF-I in vivo determines the capacity for myonuclear proliferation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1046 EP A1046 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202035 ER PT J AU Oliver, WT Rosenberger, J Lopez, R Fiorotto, ML AF Oliver, WT Rosenberger, J Lopez, R Fiorotto, ML TI Local IGF-I enhances the sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis to insulin SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A821 EP A821 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200016 ER PT J AU Pachon, H Dominguez, MRL Creed-Kanashiro, H Glahn, RP Stoltzfus, RJ AF Pachon, H Dominguez, MRL Creed-Kanashiro, H Glahn, RP Stoltzfus, RJ TI Development of meat-containing infant porridges to address iron deficiency SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima 12, Peru. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1049 EP A1049 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202047 ER PT J AU Patterson, BH Wastney, ME Combs, GF Patterson, KY Veillon, C Taylor, PR Levander, OA AF Patterson, BH Wastney, ME Combs, GF Patterson, KY Veillon, C Taylor, PR Levander, OA TI Selenium metabolism in humans: Response of kinetic pools in plasma to 2 yr of Se supplementation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 NCI, Biometry Res Grp, EPN, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Metab Modeling Svcs Ltd, Hamilton 2030, New Zealand. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, DCEG, EPS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1069 EP A1069 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202135 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Finley, JW Gao, JQ Li, XW AF Penland, JG Finley, JW Gao, JQ Li, XW TI Selenium status is associated with mood states and cognitive function in Chinese men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1070 EP A1070 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202139 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Tengco, LW Blumberg, JB AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Tengco, LW Blumberg, JB TI Correlations of body mass index with serum carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol in Filipino school-aged children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Ctr Philippines, Manila, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1058 EP A1058 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202089 ER PT J AU Santosa, S Demonty, I Lichtenstein, AH Ordovas, J Jones, PJH AF Santosa, S Demonty, I Lichtenstein, AH Ordovas, J Jones, PJH TI Polymorphisms of ATP binding cassette G5 and G8 transporters: their effect on cholesterol metabolism after moderate weight loss in overweight and obese hyperlipidemic women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Annual Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 McGill Univ, Sch Diet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. McGill Univ, Sch Diet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A861 EP A861 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200200 ER PT J AU Shang, F Guo, WM Marques, C Taylor, A Pereira, P AF Shang, F Guo, WM Marques, C Taylor, A Pereira, P TI Dual functions of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in protein quality control SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Coimbra, Dept Ophthalmol, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1353 EP A1354 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204455 ER PT J AU Stewart, JW Hanson, KB Hanson, LN Matvienko, OA Van Loan, M Alekell, DL AF Stewart, JW Hanson, KB Hanson, LN Matvienko, OA Van Loan, M Alekell, DL TI Strength measures are related to bone mineral content and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ No Iowa, Hlth Phys Educ & Leisure Serv, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1063 EP A1063 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326202108 ER PT J AU Stote, KS Judd, JT Chen, SC Clevidence, BA Kramer, M Rietveld, AG Baer, DJ AF Stote, KS Judd, JT Chen, SC Clevidence, BA Kramer, M Rietveld, AG Baer, DJ TI Effect of black tea consumption on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and markers of oxidative status in smokers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Unilever R&D, Unilever Hlth Inst, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1016 EP A1016 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201420 ER PT J AU Sweazea, KL McMurtry, JP Braun, EJ AF Sweazea, KL McMurtry, JP Braun, EJ TI Inhibition of fatty acid lipolysis does not affect insulin sensitivity to glucose uptake in the mourning dove SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1465 EP A1466 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326205460 ER PT J AU Talegawkar, SA Johnson, EJ Carithers, TC Bogle, ML Tucker, KL AF Talegawkar, SA Johnson, EJ Carithers, TC Bogle, ML Tucker, KL TI Tocopherol intake & status in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1032 EP A1032 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201492 ER PT J AU Townsend, MS Keim, N Stern, JS AF Townsend, MS Keim, N Stern, JS TI Food insecurity and obesity: A pilot study with female inbred Zucker rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1005 EP A1005 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201366 ER PT J AU Troy, LM Jacques, PF Hannan, MT Kiel, DP Lichtenstein, AH Kennedy, ET Booth, SL AF Troy, LM Jacques, PF Hannan, MT Kiel, DP Lichtenstein, AH Kennedy, ET Booth, SL TI Dihydrophylloquinone intake, a marker of a non-healthy dietary pattern, is associated with low bone mineral density in men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew Senior Life, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, BIDMC Div Gerontol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A998 EP A998 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201337 ER PT J AU Vemuri, M Kelley, DS Bartolini, GL Newman, J AF Vemuri, M Kelley, DS Bartolini, GL Newman, J TI trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid reduced omega-3 fatty acid in liver and heart tissue of mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, WHNRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A861 EP A861 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200202 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Martini, LA Angelo, G Saltzman, E Booth, SL AF Wood, RJ Martini, LA Angelo, G Saltzman, E Booth, SL TI Calcitriol does not eliminate age-associated differences in Ca absorption in women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A991 EP A991 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201306 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Johnson, EJ Aldini, G Beretta, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Johnson, EJ Aldini, G Beretta, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Effects of 2 wks of low fruit and vegetable diets on plasma antioxidant nutrients & antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1319 EP A1319 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326204292 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Briske-Anderson, M Idso, JP Hunt, CD AF Zeng, HW Briske-Anderson, M Idso, JP Hunt, CD TI Selenium metabolite methylselenol inhibits migration and invasion potential of HT1080 tumor cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1011 EP A1012 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201398 ER PT J AU Smith, MA Woodley, NE Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W Hebert, PDN AF Smith, MA Woodley, NE Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W Hebert, PDN TI DNA barcodes reveal cryptic host-specificity within the presumed polyphagous members of a genus of parasitoid flies (Diptera : Tachinidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; Belvosia; cytochrome c oxicase; internal transcribed spacer region 1; species richness ID BIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY AB Insect parasitoids are a major component of global biodiversity and affect the population dynamics of their hosts. However, identification of insect parasitoids is often difficult, and they are suspected to contain many cryptic species. Here, we ask whether the cytochrome c oxidase I DNA barcode could function as a tool for species identification and discovery for the 20 morphospecies of Belvosia parasitoid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) that have been reared from caterpillars (Lepidoptera) in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Barcoding not only discriminates among all 17 highly host-specific morphospecies of ACG Belvosia, but it also raises the species count to 32 by revealing that each of the three generalist species are actually arrays of highly host-specific cryptic species. We also identified likely hybridization among Belvosia by using a variable internal transcribed spacer region 1 nuclear rDNA sequence as a genetic covariate in addition to the strategy of overlaying barcode clusters with ecological information. If general, these results will increase estimates of global species richness and imply that tropical conservation and host-parasite interactions may be more complex than expected. C1 Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM salex@uoguelph.ca; djanzen@sas.upenn.edu RI Smith, M Alex/B-4468-2013; Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013; Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 OI Smith, M Alex/0000-0002-8650-2575; Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700; NR 29 TC 316 Z9 353 U1 7 U2 79 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 10 BP 3657 EP 3662 DI 10.1073/pnas.0511318103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 024VU UT WOS:000236225300030 PM 16505365 ER PT J AU Andrews, KW Schweitzer, A Zhao, C Holden, J Roseland, J Brandt, M Spease, C Woo, J Dwyer, J Picciano, M Saldanha, LG Fisher, K Betz, JM Yetley, E AF Andrews, KW Schweitzer, A Zhao, C Holden, J Roseland, J Brandt, M Spease, C Woo, J Dwyer, J Picciano, M Saldanha, LG Fisher, K Betz, JM Yetley, E TI Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline content of commonly purchased weight loss and sports performance enhancing dietary supplements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A180 EP A180 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501291 ER PT J AU Ariza-Nieto, M Blair, MW Heller, LI Hu, Y Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Ariza-Nieto, M Blair, MW Heller, LI Hu, Y Welch, RM Glahn, RP TI Distribution of iron in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the effect of polyphenolics and myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, on their iron bioavailability SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A625 EP A625 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505172 ER PT J AU Arkus, KAJ Cahoon, E Jez, J AF Arkus, KAJ Cahoon, E Jez, J TI Mechanistic analysis of wheat chlorophyllase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Jez Lab, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. USDA Lab, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A40 EP A40 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500191 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Stote, KS Clevidence, BA Harris, GK Paul, DR Rumpler, WV AF Baer, DJ Stote, KS Clevidence, BA Harris, GK Paul, DR Rumpler, WV TI Whey protein decreases body weight and fat in supplemented overweight and obese adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A427 EP A427 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206503358 ER PT J AU Beiseigel, JM Glahn, R Welch, RM Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, BB AF Beiseigel, JM Glahn, R Welch, RM Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, BB TI A Caco-2 cell model predicts relative iron absorption from tropical maize by women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. IITA, Croydon CR9 3EE, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A624 EP A624 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505170 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Imamura, F Yu, W Gao, RY AF Bermudez, OI Imamura, F Yu, W Gao, RY TI Use, acceptability and diet quality of home delivery meals among ethnically diverse older adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A127 EP A127 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501059 ER PT J AU Bohan, MM Foote, MR Nonecke, BJ Trenkle, AH Beitz, DC AF Bohan, MM Foote, MR Nonecke, BJ Trenkle, AH Beitz, DC TI Plane of nutrition affects appetite-related hormones in neonatal calves SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A171 EP A171 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501252 ER PT J AU Carkeet, C Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF Carkeet, C Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA TI Stability of urinary metabolites of strawberry anthocyanins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Dept Agr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A574 EP A574 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504512 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Cloutier, G Cadena, S Pearlman, J Brooks, N Layne, J Roubenoff, R AF Castaneda, C Cloutier, G Cadena, S Pearlman, J Brooks, N Layne, J Roubenoff, R TI Resistance training and timed amino acid supplementation protects against the loss of muscle mass and strength with disuse SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A591 EP A591 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505019 ER PT J AU Cheatham, RA Lieberman, HR Das, SK Saltzman, E Gilhooly, CL Golden, JK Roberts, SB AF Cheatham, RA Lieberman, HR Das, SK Saltzman, E Gilhooly, CL Golden, JK Roberts, SB TI Effects of dietary glycemic load on mood during caloric restriction SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A426 EP A426 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206503354 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Yang, RY Ribaya-Mereado, JD Khan, A Blumberg, JB AF Chen, CY Yang, RY Ribaya-Mereado, JD Khan, A Blumberg, JB TI Carotenoids and phenolics from purple sweet potato leaves are bioavailable in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. AVRDC, Nutr Unit, World Vegetable Ctr, Shanhua 741, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A573 EP A573 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504506 ER PT J AU Chew, YC Raza, AS Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Chew, YC Raza, AS Sarath, G Zempleni, J TI Biotinylation of K8 and K12 co-occurs with acetylation and monomethylation in human histone H4 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Nebraska, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A610 EP A610 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505105 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Milton, RC Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, CJ Milton, RC Gensler, G Taylor, A TI Dietary carbohydrate intake and glycemic index in relation to cortical and nuclear lens opacities in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A185 EP A186 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501318 ER PT J AU Cho, YS Yeum, KJ Beretta, G Tang, GW Yoon, S Blumberg, JB Russell, RM Lee-Kim, YC AF Cho, YS Yeum, KJ Beretta, G Tang, GW Yoon, S Blumberg, JB Russell, RM Lee-Kim, YC TI Fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations and lipophilic antioxidant activities in fruits, vegetables and legumes harvested in Korea. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A156 EP A156 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501187 ER PT J AU Cope, KA Milner, JA Seifried, R Seifried, HE Harrison, EH AF Cope, KA Milner, JA Seifried, R Seifried, HE Harrison, EH TI Effects of garlic ingestion in humans on the formation of urinary nitrosoproline SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A152 EP A152 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501168 ER PT J AU Cottrell, J Stoll, B Burrin, D AF Cottrell, J Stoll, B Burrin, D TI Kinetics of splanchnic C-13-cysteine metabolism in infant pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Cottrell, Jeremy/C-6184-2015 OI Cottrell, Jeremy/0000-0002-1899-2090 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A9 EP A9 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500044 ER PT J AU Diaz, ML Watkins, BA Li, Y Anderson, RA Campbell, WW AF Diaz, ML Watkins, BA Li, Y Anderson, RA Campbell, WW TI Chromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid: effects on diet and exercise-induced changes in metabolic and cardiovascular health indexes in overweight women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A592 EP A592 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505024 ER PT J AU Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA TI Effect of the leucine analogs, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and norleucine, on muscle protein synthesis and translation initiation factor activation in neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Annual Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A162 EP A162 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501211 ER PT J AU Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA TI Leucine stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis during prolonged leucine infusion is dependent on amino acid availability SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Annual Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A162 EP A162 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501210 ER PT J AU Follett, JR Monsivais, P Adams, S Sutherland, B Townsend, M Drewnowski, A Keim, N Donaldson, J Romant-Todd, R Shukla, V Lamp, C Martin, A Metz, D AF Follett, JR Monsivais, P Adams, S Sutherland, B Townsend, M Drewnowski, A Keim, N Donaldson, J Romant-Todd, R Shukla, V Lamp, C Martin, A Metz, D TI The real cost of nutrition: Explaining purchase decisions of food stamp recipients in four California counties SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A7 EP A7 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500032 ER PT J AU Frank, JW Escobar, J Nguyen, HV Jobgen, SC Davis, TA Wu, GY AF Frank, JW Escobar, J Nguyen, HV Jobgen, SC Davis, TA Wu, GY TI Oral N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation increases growth rate in sow-reared pigets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A425 EP A425 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206503349 ER PT J AU George, GC Hoelscher, DM Nicklas, TA AF George, GC Hoelscher, DM Nicklas, TA TI Vitamin supplement use and lifestyle factors in a multiethnic representative sample of fourth grade school children in Texas SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A7 EP A7 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500035 ER PT J AU Glahn, RP Jin, F Rutzke, M Welch, RM AF Glahn, RP Jin, F Rutzke, M Welch, RM TI Iron bioavailability from ferritin as measured via an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Fed Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A130 EP A131 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501073 ER PT J AU Gorustovich, AA Steimetz, T Nielsen, FH Guglielmotti, MB AF Gorustovich, AA Steimetz, T Nielsen, FH Guglielmotti, MB TI A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone modeling and remodeling in mice fed a boron-deficient diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Annual Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Oral Pathol, Sch Dent, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. CNR, Salta, Argentina. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A195 EP A195 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501361 ER PT J AU Gorustovich, AA Steimetz, T Nielsen, FH Guglielmotti, MB AF Gorustovich, AA Steimetz, T Nielsen, FH Guglielmotti, MB TI A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone healing in rats fed a boron-deficient diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. CNR, Salta, Argentina. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A24 EP A24 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500113 ER PT J AU Gu, L House, SE Prior, RL AF Gu, L House, SE Prior, RL TI Sorghum bran in the diet dose dependently increased excretion of catechins and microbial derived phenolic acids in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A573 EP A573 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504508 ER PT J AU Gu, LW House, SE Prior, RL AF Gu, LW House, SE Prior, RL TI Effects of level of dietary sorghum procyanidins on early growth and development of rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A154 EP A154 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501176 ER PT J AU Hadley, KB Hunt, JR AF Hadley, KB Hunt, JR TI Zinc regulation of skeletal matrix formation and remodeling activities in growing rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A626 EP A626 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505180 ER PT J AU Han, SN Lichtenstein, AH Wu, D Ausman, LM Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Lichtenstein, AH Wu, D Ausman, LM Meydani, SN TI Impact of soybean oils varying in fatty acid profile on T cell proliferation of moderately hyperlipidemic subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A123 EP A123 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501042 ER PT J AU Hanes, MC Weinzweig, J Buchman, SR Panter, K Faulkner, JA Yu, D Cederna, PS Larkin, LM AF Hanes, MC Weinzweig, J Buchman, SR Panter, K Faulkner, JA Yu, D Cederna, PS Larkin, LM TI The effect of repair on contractile properties of single permeabilized muscle fibers from congenitally-clefted goat palates SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 49109 USA. USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Lahey Clin Fdn, Burlington, MA 01805 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A805 EP A806 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206506456 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM AF Harnly, JM TI A screening method for flavonoids and phenolic acids SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A156 EP A156 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501186 ER PT J AU Harris, E Chester, DN AF Harris, E Chester, DN TI Nutrition, physical activity, obesity and diabetes: A community intervention pilot study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, CNRG, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A173 EP A173 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501261 ER PT J AU Harris, G Leonard, S Baer, D AF Harris, G Leonard, S Baer, D TI Effects of green and black tea on iron uptake, storage, and availability for free radical reactions SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A623 EP A623 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505165 ER PT J AU Holden, J Roseland, J Andrews, K Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Perry, C Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Betz, J Saidanha, L Yetley, E Fisher, K Sharpless, K Radimer, K Wilgert, J AF Holden, J Roseland, J Andrews, K Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Perry, C Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Betz, J Saidanha, L Yetley, E Fisher, K Sharpless, K Radimer, K Wilgert, J TI Dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) project: Pilot study update SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A564 EP A564 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504464 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Cheng, Z Heller, L Glahn, RP Welch, RM AF Hu, Y Cheng, Z Heller, L Glahn, RP Welch, RM TI Kaempferol and quercitrin effect on iron bioavailability in white and colored bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using an in vitro Digestion/Human caco-2 cell model SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, Fed Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A197 EP A197 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501372 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Johnson, LK AF Hunt, CD Johnson, LK TI Estimation of magnesium requirements in men and women by cross-sectional statistical analyses of metabolic magnesium balance data SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A182 EP A182 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501302 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Johnson, LK AF Hunt, JR Johnson, LK TI Iron excretion of healthy men and women, measured by isotope dilution SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A194 EP A194 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501358 ER PT J AU Jin, FX McAuliffe, G Rutzkel, M Shuler, M Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Jin, FX McAuliffe, G Rutzkel, M Shuler, M Welch, RM Glahn, RP TI Application of mucin and Caco-2/goblet cell co-cultures to refine the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model for iron uptake SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Fed Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A624 EP A624 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505171 ER PT J AU Jing, H Pivik, RT Gilchrist, JM Badger, TM AF Jing, H Pivik, RT Gilchrist, JM Badger, TM TI EEG power spectral changes in breast fed, milk-formula fed or soy-formula fed infants in the first 6 months of life SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Psychol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A598 EP A598 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505050 ER PT J AU Keim, NL Horn, WF AF Keim, NL Horn, WF TI Excess. post-activity oxygen consumption (EPOC) associated with moderate intensity physical activity recommended in the dietary guidelines SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, HNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A588 EP A588 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505008 ER PT J AU Keyes, MK Jang, HR Dolnikowski, G Liu, ZH Mason, JB Choi, SW AF Keyes, MK Jang, HR Dolnikowski, G Liu, ZH Mason, JB Choi, SW TI Aging increases genomic DNA methylation in the colonic mucosa of the mouse SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A602 EP A602 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505071 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Mateo, RD Wu, GY Carrol, JA Shinzato, L AF Kim, SW Mateo, RD Wu, GY Carrol, JA Shinzato, L TI Dietary L-arginine supplementation affects immune status of pregnant gilts SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Ajinomoto Co Inc, Kawasaki Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A424 EP A424 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206503347 ER PT J AU Kuczynski, KJ Cleveland, LE Goldman, JD Moshfegh, AJ AF Kuczynski, KJ Cleveland, LE Goldman, JD Moshfegh, AJ TI Breakfast in America SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A180 EP A180 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501293 ER PT J AU Kuo, AY Evock-Clover, CM Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP Mitchell, AD Caperna, TJ Li, CJ Kahl, S Elsasser, TH AF Kuo, AY Evock-Clover, CM Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP Mitchell, AD Caperna, TJ Li, CJ Kahl, S Elsasser, TH TI The IGF system in chickens: Factors affecting gene expression in muscle and liver SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A172 EP A172 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501254 ER PT J AU McFarlin, CGS McCabe-Sellers, BJ Thompson, V Bogle, ML AF McFarlin, CGS McCabe-Sellers, BJ Thompson, V Bogle, ML TI Low whole grain food availability in three Lower Mississippi Delta communities SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A599 EP A599 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505055 ER PT J AU McFarlin, CGS McCabe-Sellers, BJ Norris, T Bogle, ML AF McFarlin, CGS McCabe-Sellers, BJ Norris, T Bogle, ML TI WillTry: A willingness to try new foods instrument for rural parents and children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A175 EP A175 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501271 ER PT J AU McGee, BB Gossett, JM Simpson, PM Dogle, ML Johnson, GS Bardell, K Kim, K Richardson, V Thormon, A Johnson, C AF McGee, BB Gossett, JM Simpson, PM Dogle, ML Johnson, GS Bardell, K Kim, K Richardson, V Thormon, A Johnson, C TI Attitudes and beliefs effect frequency of eating out in the lower Mississippi delta SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 So Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Delta NIRI, SPA, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A552 EP A552 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504409 ER EF