FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Owens, LB AF Blanco-Canqui, Humerto Lal, R. Post, W. M. Izaurralde, R. C. Owens, L. B. TI Rapid changes in soil carbon and structural properties due to stover removal from no-till corn plots SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stover removal; no-till; bulk density; soil organic carbon; tensile strength; aggregate stability ID AGGREGATE-TENSILE-STRENGTH; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP RESIDUE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; INCREASING AMOUNTS; MANAGEMENT; FRIABILITY; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover for producing ethanol may be beneficial to palliate the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, but stover harvesting may deplete soil organic carbon (SOC) and degrade soil structure. We investigated the impacts of variable rates of stover removal from no-till (NT) continuous corn systems on SOC and soil structural properties after 1 year of stover removal in three soils in Ohio: Rayne silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults) at Coshocton, Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) at Hoytville, and Celina silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs) at South Charleston. This study also assessed relationships between SOC and soil structural properties as affected by stover management. Six stover treatments that consisted of removing 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0, and adding 100% of corn stover corresponding to 0 (T0), 1.25 (T1.25), 2.50 (T2.5), 3.75 (T3.75), 5.00 (T5), and 10.00 (T10) Mg ha(-1) of stover, respectively, were studied for their total SOC concentration, bulk density (rho(b)), aggregate stability, and tensile strength (TS) of aggregates. Effects of stover removal on soil properties were rapid and significant in the 0- to 5-cm depth, although the magnitude of changes differed among soils after only 1 year of stover removal. The SOC concentration declined with increase in removal rates in silt loams but not in clay loam soils. It decreased by 39% at Coshocton and 30% at Charleston within 1 year of complete stover removal. At the same sites, macroaggregates contained 10% to 45% more SOC than microaggregates. Stover removal reduced > 4.75-mm macroaggregates and increased microaggregates (P < 0.01). Mean weight diameter (MWD) and TS of aggregates in soils without stover (T0) were 1.7 and 3.3 times lower than those in soils with normal stover treatments (T5) across sites. The SOC concentration was negatively correlated with rho(b) and positively with MWD and LogTS. Stover removal at rates as low as 1. 25 Mg ha(-1) reduced SOC and degraded soil structure even within I year, but further monitoring is needed to establish threshold levels of stover removal in relation to changes in soil quality. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES,OARDC, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 28 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 6 BP 468 EP 482 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000209364.85816.1b PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 060WD UT WOS:000238831500004 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Tao, FL Giles, KL Kindler, SD French, BW Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA AF Elliott, N. C. Tao, F. L. Giles, K. L. Kindler, S. D. French, B. W. Greenstone, M. H. Shufran, K. A. TI Ground beetle density in Oklahoma winter wheat fields SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CARABIDAE ASSEMBLAGES; COLEOPTERA AB Ground beetles were sampled biweekly, unless weather conditions precluded sampling, from four wheat fields each located in a major wheat growing region of Oklahoma during the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 growing seasons. The sample unit was a 0.5 m(2) circular frame embedded in the soil. Ten samples were taken in each field on each sampling occasion. The area within the frame was sampled using a D-vac suction sampler followed by thorough hand searching within the frame of plants, the soil surface, and underneath loose soil. Aphids were also sampled in each field by inspecting 80 to 200 tillers and counting the number of aphids on each tiller. The average density of ground beetles across sampling dates and years ranged from 0.08 beetles per m 2 to 0.35 beetles per m(2) depending on location. Ground beetle community structure was not related to aphid population density in fields, indicating that ground beetles did not exhibit a numerical response to aphid populations. Six species, Agonum punctiforme Say, Amara impuncticollis Say, Bembidion castor Lindroth, Bembidion nigripes Kirby, Elaphropus dolosus LeConte, and Stenolophus conjunctus Say accounted for 65% of all ground beetles collected. Ground beetle communities varied in species composition and density among the four geographically separated winter wheat fields. Bembidion nigripes and B. castor were dominant species at all locations, but many other species varied markedly in occurrence and abundance among fields. Our study indicates that there are differences in ground beetle communities in wheat fields, but does not address whether these differences are related to regional or local differences in the environment. Ground beetle densities in wheat fields in Oklahoma were variable among locations, but were always low, averaging less than one beetle per in 2 during the growing season. Such low densities bring into question the extent to which ground beetles contribute to the biological control of cereal aphids and other pest insects in wheat in Oklahoma. More research is desirable in Oklahoma and other Great Plains states to further elucidate the role of these and other generalist predators in biological control of insect pests of wheat. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 076HF UT WOS:000239946900005 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Chen, Tian-Ye Chu, Chang-chi Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Influence of trap configuration and size on Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) captures SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER; COLOR PREFERENCE; STICKY TRAPS; CATCHES; CROPS C1 USDA, ARS, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chen, TY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 076HF UT WOS:000239946900009 ER PT J AU Laacke, RJ Laudenslayer, WF Diamond, T Viotto, K Long, CA AF Laacke, RJ Laudenslayer, WF Diamond, T Viotto, K Long, CA TI Erythrism in the North American badger, Taxidea taxus SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We report a second instance of erythrism in North American badgers, Taxidea, in western Nevada. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Cedarville, CA 96104 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol, San Jose, CA 95738 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Museum Nat Hist, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Long, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 31, Cedarville, CA 96104 USA. EM CLong@uwsp.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[289:EITNAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057KD UT WOS:000238593800025 ER PT J AU Asmundsson, IM Duszynski, DW Campbell, JA AF Asmundsson, IM Duszynski, DW Campbell, JA TI Seven new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa : Eimeriidae) from colubrid snakes of Guatemala and a discussion of what to call ellipsoid tetrasporocystic, dizoic coccidia of reptiles SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOUSSIA; PHYLOGENY; PROTOZOA; REDESCRIPTION; LAMPROPELTIS; TADPOLES AB During a survey of Guatemalan herpetofauna in the summers of 1998 - 2000, 29 presumed new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 were found, seven of which have a distinct elongate-ellipsoidal shape (L/W ratio >= 1.7) and are described herein. Six of the seven new species are similar in oocyst length, width and L/ W ratio and sporocyst length, width and L/W ratio, lack a micropyle, oocyst residuum, Stieda body, sub- and parastieda bodies, have a polar granule and sporocyst residuum, and their sporocysts appear to have dehiscence sutures. The seventh is slightly smaller and has sporocysts with a Stieda body. The new species are: E. coniophanes n. sp - whose sporulated oocysts from Coniophanes fissidens are 29.2 x 14.9 (27 - 31 x 13 16) mu m, with sporocysts 10:0 x 7:8 mu m; E. coniophis n. sp. - from Conophis lineatus are 32.0 x 16.5 (30 - 34 x 14 - 18) mu m, with sporocysts 10:2 x 8: 9 mu m; E. dryomarchoni n. sp. - from Drymarchon corais are 32.2 x 17.7 (31 - 34 x 17 - 19) mu m, with sporocysts 10.7 x 8.6 mu m; E. leptophis n. sp. - from Leptophis mexicanus are 29.5 x 17.0 (28 - 31 x 16 - 18) mu m, with sporocysts 10.0 x 9.1 mu m; E. oxybelis n. sp. - from Oxybelis aeneus are 31.8 x 16.5 (29 - 33 x 15 - 18) mu m, with sporocysts 10.3 x 8.8 mu m; and E. scaphiodontophis n. sp. from Scaphiodontophis annulatus are 30.0 x 15.3 (28 - 33 x 14 - 16) mu m, with sporocysts 9.9 x 7.9 mu m. Sporulated oocysts of E. siboni n. sp. from Sibon nebulata are 24.3 x 14.2 (21 - 27 x 13 - 16) mu m, with sporocysts 10.0 x 7.1 mu m and with a Stieda body. We conclude that until all aspects of each life-cycle are known, it is prudent at this time to name all tetrasporocystic dizoic coccidia from snakes as members of Eimeria rather than place some of them in Choleoeimeria Paperna & Landsberg, 1989. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Asmundsson, IM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM asmundsson@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s11230-005-9022-6 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 053GU UT WOS:000238294400002 PM 16612656 ER PT J AU Hart, PW Rudie, AW AF Hart, Peter W. Rudie, Alan W. TI Mineral scale management, part I. Case studies SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Mineral scale increases operating costs, extends downtime, and increases maintenance requirements. This paper presents several successful case studies detailing how mills have eliminated scale. Cases presented include calcium carbonate scale in a white liquor strainer, calcium oxalate scale in the D0 stage of the bleach plant, enzymatic treatment of brown stock eliminate oxalate scale, and control of barium sulfate scale. C1 MeadWestvaco Corp, Corp Res Ctr, Chillicothe, OH 45601 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Hart, PW (reprint author), MeadWestvaco Corp, Corp Res Ctr, Chillicothe, OH 45601 USA. EM arudie@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU TECH ASSOC PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 6 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 055IH UT WOS:000238443000004 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K Muir, AJ Ingber, BF French, AD AF Rajasekaran, Kanniah Muir, Alan J. Ingber, Bruce F. French, Alfred D. TI A dehydration method for immature or wet cotton fibers for light and electron microscopy SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cell wall; 2,2-dimethoxypropane; fiber quality; maturity; moisture; thin sections ID CHEMICAL DEHYDRATION; TIME AB A rapid dehydration procedure with acidified 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) has been successfully applied to immature or wet cotton fibers. The ultrastructural integrity and fiber quality parameters such as cell wall area and perimeter of developing and mature cotton fibers were well-preserved using this procedure as demonstrated by light, scanning and electron microscopy of whole fibers and cross-sections. Embedding in resin following DMP dehydration also prevented the collapse of the immature fibers duel to drying of lumen. C1 ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM krajah@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 76 IS 6 BP 514 EP 518 DI 10.1177/0040517506063390 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 063PD UT WOS:000239031000010 ER PT J AU Feng, JH Vick, BA Lee, MK Zhang, HB Jan, CC AF Feng, JH Vick, BA Lee, MK Zhang, HB Jan, CC TI Construction of BAC and BIBAC libraries from sunflower and identification of linkage group-specific clones by overgo hybridization SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MOLECULAR MARKER ANALYSIS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENOMIC DNA FRAGMENTS; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; RICE GENOME; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STABLE MAINTENANCE AB Complementary BAC and BIBAC libraries were constructed from nuclear DNA of sunflower cultivar HA 89. The BAC library, constructed with BamHI in the pECBAC1 vector, contains 107,136 clones and has an average insert size of 140 kb. The BIBAC library was constructed with HindIII in the plant-transformation-competent binary vector pCLD04541 and contains 84,864 clones, with an average insert size of 137 kb. The two libraries combined contain 192,000 clones and are equivalent to approximately 8.9 haploid genomes of sunflower (3,000 Mb/1C), and provide a greater than 99% probability of obtaining a clone of interest. The frequencies of BAC and BIBAC clones carrying chloroplast or mitochondrial DNA sequences were estimated to be 2.35 and 0.04%, respectively, and insert-empty clones were less than 0.5%. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the sunflower genetic map to its chromosomes, one to three single- or low-copy RFLP markers from each linkage group of sunflower were used to design pairs of overlapping oligonucleotides (overgos). Thirty-six overgos were designed and pooled as probes to screen a subset (5.1x) of the BAC and BIBAC libraries. Of the 36 overgos, 33 (92%) gave at least one positive clone and 3 (8%) failed to hit any clone. As a result, 195 BAC and BIBAC clones representing 19 linkage groups were identified, including 76 BAC clones and 119 BIBAC clones, further verifying the genome coverage and utility of the libraries. These BAC and BIBAC libraries and linkage group-specific clones provide resources essential for comprehensive research of the sunflower genome. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0265-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 053ZM UT WOS:000238345000004 PM 16612648 ER PT J AU Guo, B Sleper, DA Sun, J Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR Shannon, JG AF Guo, B Sleper, DA Sun, J Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR Shannon, JG TI Pooled analysis of data from multiple quantitative trait locus mapping populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; LINE CROSSES; LINKAGE MAPS; RESISTANCE; QTL; GENE; RACES AB Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on pooled data from multiple populations (pooled analysis) provides a means for evaluating, as a whole, evidence for existence of a QTL from different studies and examining differences in gene effect of a QTL among different populations. Objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a method for pooled analysis and (2) conduct pooled analysis on data from two soybean mapping populations. Least square interval mapping was extended for pooled analysis by inclusion of populations and cofactor markers as indicator variables and covariate variables separately in the multiple linear models. The general linear test approach was applied for detecting a QTL. Single population-based and pooled analyses were conducted on data from two F-2:3 mapping populations, Hamilton (susceptible) x PI 90763 (resistant) and Magellan (susceptible) x PI 404198A (resistant), for resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in soybean. It was demonstrated that where a QTL was shared among populations, pooled analysis showed increased LOD values on the QTL candidate region over single population analyses. Where a QTL was not shared among populations, however, the pooled analysis showed decreased LOD values on the QTL candidate region over single population analyses. Pooled analysis on data from genetically similar populations may have higher power of QTL detection than single population-based analyses. QTLs were identified by pooled analysis on linkage groups (LGs) G, B1 and J for resistance to SCN race 2 whereas QTLs on LGs G, B1 and E for resistance to SCN race 5 in soybean PI 90763 and PI 404198A. QTLs on LG G and B1 were identified in both PI 90763 and PI 404198A whereas QTLs on LG E and J were identified in PI 90763 only. QTLs on LGs G and B1 for resistance to race 2 may be the same or closely linked with QTLs on LG G and B1 for resistance to race 5, respectively. It was further demonstrated that QTLs on G and B1 carried by PI 90763 were not significantly different in gene effect from QTLs on LGs G and B1 in PI 404198A, respectively. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, 271-F Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SleperD@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0268-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 053ZM UT WOS:000238345000006 PM 16783590 ER PT J AU Wang, K Song, XL Han, ZG Guo, WZ Yu, JZ Sun, J Pan, JJ Kohel, RJ Zhang, TZ AF Wang, K Song, XL Han, ZG Guo, WZ Yu, JZ Sun, J Pan, JJ Kohel, RJ Zhang, TZ TI Complete assignment of the chromosomes of Gossypium hirsutum L. by translocation and fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; UPLAND COTTON; RICE GENOME; MAP; DNA; ORGANIZATION; BARBADENSE; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB Significant progress has been made in the construction of genetic maps in the tetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum. However, six linkage groups (LGs) have still not been assigned to specific chromosomes, which is a hindrance for integrated genetic map construction. In the present research, specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones constructed in G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 for these six LGs were identified by screening the BAC library using linkage group-specific simple-sequence repeats markers. These BAC clones were hybridized to ten translocation heterozygotes of G. hirsutum. L as BAC-fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, which allowed us to assign these six LGs A01, A02, A03, D02, D03, and D08 to chromosomes 13, 8, 11, 21, 24, and 19, respectively. Therefore, the 13 homeologous chromosome pairs have been established, and we have proposed a new chromosome nomenclature for tetraploid cotton. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Zhang, TZ (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM cotton@njau.edu.cn RI Wang, Kai/H-4718-2011; Wang, Kai/A-2143-2011 OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-1074-0438 NR 41 TC 90 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0273-7 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 053ZM UT WOS:000238345000010 PM 16609860 ER PT J AU Chen, JF Hu, JG Vick, BA Jan, CC AF Chen, Junfang Hu, Jinguo Vick, Brady A. Jan, C. C. TI Molecular mapping of a nuclear male-sterility gene in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using TRAP and SSR markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; LINKAGE MAPS; RICE; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB A nuclear male-sterile mutant, NMS 360, induced by streptomycin from an inbred maintainer line HA 89, possesses a single recessive gene, ms9, controlling male sterility. The present study identified DNA markers linked to the ms9 gene in an F-2 population derived from the cross of NMS 360 RHA 271 and maps the ms9 gene to an existing sunflower SSR linkage map. Bulked segregant analysis was performed using the target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) marker technique and the simple sequence repeats (SSR) technique. From 444 primer combinations, six TRAP markers linked with the ms9 gene were amplified. Two markers, Ts4p03-202 and Tt3p09-529, cosegregated with the ms9 gene. The other four markers, To3d14-310, Tt3p17-390, Ts4p23-300, and Tt3p09-531, linked with ms9 at a distance of 1.2, 3.7, 10.3, and 22.3 cM, respectively. Thirty SSR primers from 17 linkage groups of a PHA PHB cultivated sunflower linkage map were screened among the two parents and the F-2 population. SSR primer ORS 705 of linkage group 10 was tightly linked to ms9 at a distance of 1.2 cM. The ms9 gene was subsequently mapped to linkage group 10 of the public sunflower SSR linkage map. The markers that were tightly linked with the ms9 gene will be useful in marker-assisted selection of male-sterile plants among segregating populations, and will facilitate the isolation of the ms9 gene by map-based cloning. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307,18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 35 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0278-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 053ZM UT WOS:000238345000015 PM 16614829 ER PT J AU Orf, JH Chase, K Specht, J Choi, IY Cregan, PB Lark, KG AF Orf, JH Chase, K Specht, J Choi, IY Cregan, PB Lark, KG TI Abnormal leaf formation in soybean: genetic and environmental effects SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; POPULATIONS; EXPRESSION; FORM; QTL AB Soybean is trifoliolate, but 4-, 5-, or 6-foliolate leaves have been reported and expression of such multi-foliolate (MF) leaf forms has been shown to be heritable. Here we analyze the genetic complexity of the MF phenotype and the dependence of its expression on the environment. Recombinant inbred (RI) segregants of soybean were grown in different environments. The frequency of plants expressing the MF phenotype as well as the frequency of nodes exhibiting MF leaves varied with both the environment and the RI segregant genotype. Growth chamber experiments supported field observations suggesting that environment (day length, temperature, etc.) at emergence influenced expression of MF during subsequent growth. Marker facilitated analyses of three RI segregant populations identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in 17 regions of the soybean genome. These either directly regulated MF phenotype expression, or were involved in interactions with such loci. Loci, identified in one RI population also were identifiable in another, different, RI population. Most of the loci affected both the frequency of plants expressing MF, and the number of nodes on MF plants that expressed the phenotype. However, a few loci differentiated between these two effects. Many loci affected plants in both field experiments, however, a few differentiated between the two environments. Similar patterns were observed for interactions between loci. QTLs regulating the MF phenotype were located in genome regions that also contained QTLs regulating major agronomic traits-e.g. yield, lodging, etc. This suggests that the loci involved regulate plant growth at some over-arching level, controlling multiple phenotypes or traits. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, Soybean Genom Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Orf, JH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM orfxx001@umn.edu RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0280-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 053ZM UT WOS:000238345000017 PM 16783594 ER PT J AU McCafferty, HRK Moore, PH Zhu, YJ AF McCafferty, HRK Moore, PH Zhu, YJ TI Improved Carica papaya tolerance to carmine spider mite by the expression of Manduca sexta chitinase transgene SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE insect resistance; papaya; plant parasitic mites; plant transformation; tobacco hornworm chitinase ID NEOSEIULUS-FALLACIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; PLANT; TRANSFORMATION; DISPERSAL; PROTEIN; GENE AB Papaya plants producing the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) chitinase protein were obtained following microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic calli derived from the hypocotyls of the cultivar Kapoho. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to confirm the presence of the transgene. RT-PCR and a quantitative chitinase assay showed increased levels of chitinase activity in every selected transgenic line. Insect bioassays in the laboratory showed that plants expressing the Manduca sexta chitinase gene significantly inhibited multiplication of carmine spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.). Experiments conducted to evaluate reaction of the transgenic plants to natural infection by carmine spider mites showed that the Manduca sexta chitinase gene provided increased tolerance under field conditions. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, PBARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Heights Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM jzhu@harc-hspa.com NR 30 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s11248-006-0005-4 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 053TN UT WOS:000238328300007 PM 16779649 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Huang, SM Yang, YQ AF Monserud, RA Huang, SM Yang, YQ TI Biomass and biomass change in lodgepole pine stands in Alberta SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Forest Biology Workshop CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI SP Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv HO Michigan Technol Univ DE permanent sample plots; Pinus contorta; productivity; smoothing splines ID CANADIAN FOREST SECTOR; BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS; CARBON BUDGET MODEL; ABOVEGROUND TREE BIOMASS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SMOOTHING NOISY DATA; BOREAL FOREST; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; VEGETATION AB We describe methods and results for broad-scale estimation and mapping of forest biomass for the Canadian province of Alberta. Differences over successive decades provided an estimate of biomass change. Over 1500 permanent sample plots (PSP) were analyzed from across the range of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.), the major forest tree species of Alberta. The PSP network is densest in stands aged between 70 and 100 years and is well-represented by stands of all ages to 150 years of age. Stand biomass (Mg ha(-1)) was estimated for each PSP plot as the sum of the respective biomass components for each tree (live and standing dead). The biomass components for live trees were stem, bark, branches, foliage and roots. The components for standing dead trees excluded foliage. Equations from previous biomass studies were used for biomass component estimation. Biomass estimates of additional non-tree components were attempted, but without much success. Biomass of the soil organic layer was estimated once on 452 PSPs and a mean estimate of total dead fuels on the ground (28.4 Mg ha(-1)) was available only for the entire distribution of lodgepole pine. However, values of these two components were essentially constant over time and therefore did not alter the analysis or conclusions obtained by analyzing total tree biomass alone. We then used this spatial network of 1549 plots as the basis for mapping biomass across Alberta. Mapping methods were based on Australian National University SPLINe (ANUSPLIN) software, Hutchinson's thin-plate smoothing spline in four dimensions (latitude, longitude, elevation and biomass). Total tree biomass (mean = 172 Mg ha(-1)) was dominated by stem biomass (mean = 106 Mg ha(-1)), which was an order of magnitude greater than the mean estimates for the bark (11 Mg ha-(1)), branch (12 Mg ha(-1)) and foliage (12 Mg ha(-1)) components. A close relationship was found between total tree biomass and stand stem volume (R-2 = 0.992 with n. = 3585; note that volume and biomass were calculated independently). We compared total tree biomass for two decades, the 1980s and the 1990s. After correcting for changes in harvest removals over time, the mean change in total biomass was positive (0.99 Mg ha(-1) year(-1)) and differed significantly from zero (it = 421; P < 0.001). Estimates ranged from -13.9 to 8.0 Mg ha(-1) year(-1). The heart of the lodgepole pine distribution (primarily the Foothills subregions) showed an increase in biomass, whereas isolated pockets of lodgepole pine in the boreal northern subregion indicated a decline in biomass. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Govt Alberta, Minist Sustainable Resource Dev, Forest Management Branch, Edmonton, AB T5K 2M4, Canada. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rmonserud@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 819 EP 831 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 047GR UT WOS:000237868300014 PM 16510398 ER PT J AU Rappole, JH Compton, BW Leimgruber, P Robertson, J King, DI Renner, SC AF Rappole, JH Compton, BW Leimgruber, P Robertson, J King, DI Renner, SC TI Modeling movement of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; migratory birdsm; modeling disease movement ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; MOSQUITOS; MEXICO AB We modeled West Nile virus (WNV) movement rates and patterns based on a migratory bird agent (the Swainson's Thrush) and a resident bird agent (the House Sparrow), and compared the results of these models with actual movement data to investigate the likelihood that the pattern of WNV outbreaks observed in the New World was consistent with migrant bird-mediated spread, as reported from the Old World. We found that, contrary to Old World patterns, WNV activity in the Western Hemisphere does not seem consistent with movement by infected migrant birds. Instead WNV spread appears best explained by a non-directional movement, perhaps that of dispersing resident birds. C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, US Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM rappolej@si.edu RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; Renner, Swen/J-3502-2014 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Renner, Swen/0000-0002-6893-4219 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.128 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 058PD UT WOS:000238676000003 PM 16796510 ER PT J AU Kawashima, K Meyerholz, DK Gallup, JM Grubor, B Lazic, T Lehmkuhl, HD Ackermann, MR AF Kawashima, Kenji Meyerholz, David K. Gallup, Jack M. Grubor, Branka Lazic, Tatjana Lehmkuhl, Howard D. Ackermann, Mark R. TI Differential expression of ovine innate immune genes by preterm and neonatal lung epithelia infected with respiratory syncytial virus SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACTANT PROTEIN-D; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; WEEKS GESTATION; MESSENGER-RNA; SHEEP; CELLS; LAMBS; BETA-DEFENSIN-2; INVOLVEMENT; CLEARANCE AB Preterm infants have increased susceptibility to severe manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The cause(s) for this age-dependent vulnerability is/are not well-defined, but alterations in innate immune products have been implicated, In sheep, RSV disease. severity has similar age-dependent characteristics and sheep have several related innate molecules for study during pulmonary infection including surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), sheep beta defensin 1 (SBD1), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the in vivo cellular gene expression as a response to RSV infection is poorly understood. In this study, the effect of RSV infection on expression of these innate immune genes was determined for bovine RSV-infected (bRSV+ fluorescence) epithelial cells, adjacent cells lacking bRSV antigen (adjoining cells lacking fluorescence), and control cells from non-infected lung using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and real-time RT-PCR. Control lambs had increased expression of innate immune molecules in full term (term) compared to preterm epithelia with statistical significance in SBD1, SP-D, and TLR4 mRNA. Infected cells (bRSV+ fluorescent cells) had consistently higher mRNA levels of SP-A (preterm. and term), MCPI (preterm and term), and SP-D (preterm). Interestingly, bRSV- cells of infected term lambs had significantly reduced SP-D mRNA expression compared to bRSV+ and control epithelia, suggesting that RSV infected cells may regulate the adjacent epithelial SP-D expression. This study defines specific innate immune components (e.g., SBD1, SP-D, and TLR4) that have differential age-dependent expression in the airway epithelia. Furthermore, cellular bRSV infection enhanced certain innate immune components while suppressing adjacent cellular SP-D expression in term animals. These in vivo gene expression results provide a framework for future studies on age-dependent susceptibility to RSV and RSV pathogenesis. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med 2740, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Shichinohe Res Unit, Shichinohe, Aomori, Japan. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Meyerholz, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med 2740, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dmeyerho@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI062787-04, 5K08AI055499-03, 05R01AI062787-02, K08 AI055499, R01 AI062787] NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1089/vim.2006.19.316 PG 8 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 061DN UT WOS:000238851500021 PM 16817774 ER PT J AU Rao, ALN Cooper, B AF Rao, ALN Cooper, B TI Capsid protein gene and the type of host plant differentially modulate cell-to-cell movement of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Bromoviridae; Brome mosaic virus; cowpea chlorotic mottle virus; coat protein; virus movement; localization; RNA silencing ID BROME MOSAIC-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; RNA REPLICATION; INFECTION; TRANSPORT; VARIANTS; SPREAD; CDNA AB A study was undertaken to measure the rate of coat protein (CP) independent cell-to-cell movement of cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (CCMV) in three different host plants. A CCMV RNA3 variant in which the CP gene was substituted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (C3/Delta CP-EGFP) was coinoculated to three different host plants with transcripts of wild type RNAs 1 and 2. Comparative analysis of cell-to-cell movement monitored by the EGFP expression at various days post inoculation revealed that the rate of spread varied with the type of host species inoculated: fastest movement was observed in Nicotiana benthamiana while the rate spread was significantly slower in the natural host cowpea. When CP was expressed as EGFP fusion (C3/CP:EGFP) the rate of spread in N. benthamiana and C. quinoa was slower than that was observed in the absence of CP and remained subliminal in cowpea. Analysis of infection foci by confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that localization of CP:EGFP fusion was distinct in N. benthamiana and C.quinoa and accumulated as fluorescent inclusions at the cell periphery. Additional experiments involving coinoculation of either C3/Delta CP-EGFP or C3/CP:EGFP with heterologous brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV) genomic RNAs 1 and 2 revealed that, in addition to movement protein and CP, viral replicase also influences cell-to-cell spread. The significance of these results in relation to the mechanism of bromovirus movement is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rao, ALN (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM arao@ucr.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11262-005-6906-0 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 047FY UT WOS:000237866400001 PM 16732474 ER PT J AU White, DM Blair, CD Beaty, BJ AF White, DM Blair, CD Beaty, BJ TI Molecular epidemiology of Bluetongue virus in northern Colorado SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bluetongue; molecular epidemiology; topotype; virus evolution ID CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; UNITED-STATES; MIXED INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE; REASSORTMENT; SEROTYPE-17; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; CELLS AB The molecular epidemiology of Bluetongue virus serotype 11 (BTV11) in an enzootic focus in northern Colorado was investigated. Viruses isolated up to 12 years apart, from both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, were compared by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data from three genome segments: L2, S7, and S10. For each segment, viruses isolated from ruminants in the 1980s were more similar to one another than to viruses isolated from Culicoides spp. insects in the 1990s. Nearly identical BTV11-L2 segments were found in all isolates, but over time they were associated with different S7 and S 10 genome segments. Therefore, 1-2-segment-based serologic identification of BTV isolates underestimates the origin and natural evolution of the viruses. In addition, the use of one or even two genome segments is inadequate to define the molecular epidemiology of the viruses in an enzootic focus. This information could influence import/export regulations based on BTV epidemiology in enzootic areas, as well as our view of the natural biology of the viruses. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP White, DM (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 15-SB,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chz8@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.11.008 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 043QX UT WOS:000237617600006 PM 16337708 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Bendfeldt, S Neill, JD Liebler-Tenorio, E AF Ridpath, JF Bendfeldt, S Neill, JD Liebler-Tenorio, E TI Lymphocytopathogenic activity in vitro correlates with high virulence in vivo for BVDV type 2 strains: Criteria for a third biotype of BVDV SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; biotype; virulence in vivo; cytopathogenic; noncytopathogenic; lymphocytopathogenic ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; ACUTE INFECTION; MUCOSAL DISEASE; VIRUS; CALVES; LESIONS; ANTIGEN; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TRANSCRIPTION; CULTURE AB Two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV), cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), are recognized based on their activity in cultured epithelial cells. Biotype does not correlate to virulence in acute infections as BVDV strains associated with severe acute BVD outbreaks are all noncytopathic based on their growth characteristics in cultured epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown that acute infections with highly virulent BVDV result in depletion of cells in lymphoid tissues. In this study, flow cytometry demonstrated that infection with a highly virulent BVDV strain was associated with a pronounced reduction in circulating white blood cells (WBC) and increased numbers of apoptotic and necrotic circulating WBC in vivo. Infection with low virulence BVDV did not result in a significant increase in death of circulating WBC. Thus, there appeared to be a correlation between depletion of circulating WBC and virulence. To study the interaction of BVDV strains with lymphoid cells in the laboratory, we developed an in vitro model that used a bovine lymphoid cell line (BL-3 cells). Using this model, it was found that while BVDV strains are segregated into two biotypes based on their activity in cultured epithelial cells, they may be segregated into three biotypes based on their activity in cultured lymphoid cells. These three biotypes are noncytopathogenic (no obvious effects on the viability of either cultured epithelial or lymphoid cells), cytopathogenic (cytopathic effect and cell death in both cultured epithelial and lymphoid cells within 48 h of infection) and lymphocytopathogenic (no effect on cultured epithelial cells, however, cell death in cultured lymphoid cells is observed within 5 days of infection). The proposed lymphocytopathic biotype correlates with high virulence in acute infections in vivo. Cell death caused by the lymphocytopathogenic biotype was not associated with changes typically seen with cytopathic viruses grown in cultured epithelial cells (e.g. changes in processing of the NS2/3 protein observed within 24 It post infection, crenation and breakdown of cell integrity within the first 48 h post infection). These data suggest that the cytopathic effect induced in cultured lymphoid cells by a ncp highly virulent BVDV strain may occur by a different mechanism than the cytopathic effect induced by cp BVDV strains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Hannover Sch Vet Med, Inst Virol, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Jena, Germany. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jridpath@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.11.014 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 043QX UT WOS:000237617600009 PM 16384618 ER PT J AU Lichvar, R Brostoff, W Sprecher, S AF Lichvar, Robert Brostoff, William Sprecher, Steven TI Surficial features associated with ponded water on playas of the arid southwestern United States: Indicators for delineating regulated areas under the Clean Water Act SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE delineation; playa; dry lake; waters of the United States; indicators; OHW; OHWM; biotic crust ID WESTERN-MOJAVE DESERT; AIR-FORCE-BASE; CRYPTOBIOTIC CRUSTS; VERNAL POOL; CALIFORNIA; ANOSTRACA; BRANCHIOPODA; CHECKLIST; HABITAT; SYSTEM AB Desert playas can be unambiguously identified in a geological context. However, identifying those portions of desert playas that are defined as either three-parameter wetlands or Waters of the United States (WoUS) in the Clean Water Act (CWA), and thus under the jurisdiction of Federal agencies charged with enforcing the CWA, is sometimes problematic. Although the WoUS definition specifically includes playas, the guidance for playa delineation is not as highly developed as that for wetlands. Delineating WoUS on desert playas involves determining the Ordinary High Water Mark. Field experience has demonstrated that the indicators for Ordinary High Water on desert playas have not been fully identified nor have they been associated with ponding that represents the limits of Ordinary High Water. This report discusses the distribution of indicators above, below, and at the Ordinary High Water Mark. Fifteen playa features are identified for possible delineation use and are rated for reliability and their relationship to the Ordinary High Water position. C1 Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. USDA, Natl Resource Conservat Serv, NW Area Off, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lichvar, R (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 385 EP 399 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[385:SFAWPW]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700011 ER PT J AU Vepraskas, MJ Richardson, JL Tandarich, JP AF Vepraskas, MJ Richardson, JL Tandarich, JP TI Dynamics of redoximorphic feature formation under controlled ponding in a created riverine wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE hydric soil indicators; oxidation-reduction; redoximorphic features; wetland delineation; wetland hydrology ID RICE ROOTS; SOIL; IRON; COATINGS; MANGANESE AB Hydric soils are identified on-site using morphological features called "field indicators". It is not known how long it takes for these indicators to form, nor whether they occur in created wetlands inundated for approximately 5% of the growing season, which is the minimum duration needed to meet wetland hydrology requirements. This study evaluated formation of redoximorphic features and hydric soil field indicators under field conditions following controlled, short-term floods that produced ponding events. A flood plain was constructed along an artificial stream channel (100-m long) where flooding was controlled by dams at each end of the channel. Floodwaters inundated soils on the flood plain nine times over a 3-year period. Ponded water was kept on the soils for periods ranging from 4 to 44 days. During ponding events, Fell concentrations were approximately 1 to 4 mg/L, which indicated that the soils were anaerobic and undergoing Fe reduction. Redox depletions formed in A horizons following a single 7-day ponding event. Abundance of depletions increased from 2% to an average of 15% after nine ponding events. Most depletions were approximately 1 cm in diameter and had Munsell hues of 2.5Y and 5Y, values of 4, and chromas of 2 or less. The depletions appeared to form in place by loss of both Fe and C. Hydric soil field indicators developed in all plots after nine ponding events over a 3-year period and included the depleted matrix, redox dark surface, and a variant of the depleted dark surface. All indicators formed by a reduction and/or oxidation of Fe. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Dominican Univ, Dept Biol, River Forest, IL 60306 USA. RP Vepraskas, MJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Michael_Vepraskas@NCSU.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[486:DORFFU]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700019 ER PT J AU Sun, G Callahan, TJ Pyzoha, JE Trettin, CC AF Sun, G Callahan, TJ Pyzoha, JE Trettin, CC TI Modeling the climatic and subsurface stratigraphy controls on the hydrology of a Carolina bay wetland in South Carolina, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland hydrology; ground water; Carolina bays; modeling; geomorphology ID UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; FLATWOODS LANDSCAPE; FLORIDA FLATWOODS; PINE FLATWOODS; FOREST; DYNAMICS AB Restoring depressional wetlands or geographically isolated wetlands such as cypress swamps and Carolina bays on the Atlantic Coastal Plains requires a clear understanding of the hydrologic processes and water balances. The objectives of this paper are to (1) test a distributed forest hydrology model, FLATWOODS, for a Carolina bay wetland system using seven years of water-table data and (2) to use the model to understand how the landscape position and the site stratigraphy affect ground-water flow direction, The research site is located in Bamberg County, South Carolina on the Middle Coastal Plain of the southeastern U.S. (32.88 degrees N, 81.12 degrees W). Model calibration (1998) and validation (1997, 1999-2003) data span a wet period and a long drought period, which allowed us to test the model for a wide range of weather conditions. The major water input to the wetland is rainfall, and output from the wetland is dominated by evapotranspiration. However, the Carolina bay is a flow-through wetland, receiving ground water from the adjacent upland, but recharging the ground-water to lower topographic areas, especially during wet periods in winter months. Hypothetical simulations suggest that ground-water flow direction is controlled by the gradient of the underlying hydrologic restricting layer beneath the wetland-upland continuum, not solely by the topographic gradient of the land surface. Ground-water flow may change directions during transition periods of wetland hydroperiod that is controlled by the balance of precipitation and evapotranspiration, and such changes depend on the underlying soil stratigraphy of the wetland-upland continuum. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Geog & Environm Geosci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Coll Charleston, Master Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus,Venture 2,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[567:MTCASS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700026 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Vavra, M Boyd, JM Hemstrom, MA Ager, AA Johnson, BK AF Wisdom, MJ Vavra, M Boyd, JM Hemstrom, MA Ager, AA Johnson, BK TI Understanding ungulate herbivory-episodic disturbance effects on vegetation dynamics: Knowledge gaps and management needs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE episodic disturbance; plant succession; state-and-transition models; succession; ungulate herbivory; ungulates; vegetation development; vegetation dynamics ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN WINTER RANGE; INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; ISLE-ROYALE; RED DEER; SPECIES COMPOSITION; GRAZING INTENSITY AB Herbivory by wild and domestic ungulates is a chronic disturbance that can have dramatic effects on vegetation dynamics. Herbivory effects, however, are not easily predicted under different combinations of episodic disturbance such as fire, timber harvest, drought, and insect defoliation. This lack of predictability poses a substantial obstacle to effective management of ungulate herbivory. Traditional models of vegetation transition in forested ecosystems have ignored the influences of ungulate herbivory, while research on effects of herbivory have typically excluded other disturbances. Of the 82 contemporary studies on ungulate herbivory we examined, only 15 (18%) considered the interactions of herbivory with episodic disturbances. Moreover, only 26 (32%.) evaluated vegetation response to ungulate herbivory beyond the simplistic treatment levels of herbivory versus no herbivory. Only 31 (38%) used a repeated-measures design of sampling responses over 3 or more time periods. Finally, just 7 (9%) explicitly made inferences to large landscapes such as watersheds, which are often used for management planning. We contend that useful landscape research on herbivory must examine the interactions of ungulate grazing with other disturbance regimes at spatial extents of interest to forest and rangeland managers and under varying ungulate densities and species. We identify herbivory models that could accommodate such information for forested landscapes in western North America. Such models are essential for identifying knowledge gaps, designing future studies, and validating relations of ungulate herbivory on landscapes where episodic disturbances are common, such as those of western North America. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mwisdom@fs.fed.us NR 125 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[283:UUHDEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000003 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Gilsdorf, JM Hygnstrom, SE Fioranelli, PB Wilson, JA Barras, S AF VerCauteren, KC Gilsdorf, JM Hygnstrom, SE Fioranelli, PB Wilson, JA Barras, S TI Green and blue lasers are ineffective for dispersing deer at night SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agriculture; animal damage; frightening devices; integrated pest management; lasers; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PROPANE EXPLODERS; UNITED-STATES; COLOR-VISION; DAMAGE; DETERRENTS; MANAGEMENT; CORNFIELDS; MAMMALS; DEVICE AB Over-abundant populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) create agricultural and human health and safety issues. The increased economic damage associated with locally overabundant deer populations accentuates the need for efficient techniques to mitigate the losses. Although red lasers can be an efficient tool for reducing damage caused by birds, they are not effective for deer because deer cannot detect wavelengths in the red portion of the spectrum. No research has been conducted to determine if lasers of lower wavelengths could function as frightening devices for deer. We evaluated a green laser (534 nm, 120 mW) and 2 models of blue lasers (4 73 nm, 5 mW and 15 mW) to determine their efficacy in dispersing deer at night. Deer were no more likely to flee during a green or blue laser encounter than during control encounters. The green and blue lasers we tested did not frighten deer. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Nebraska, Cooperat Extens, Tekamah, NE 68061 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[371:GABLAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000015 ER PT J AU McKelvey, KS Von Kienast, J Aubry, KB Koehler, GM Maletzke, BT Squires, JR Lindquist, EL Loch, S Schwartz, MK AF McKelvey, KS Von Kienast, J Aubry, KB Koehler, GM Maletzke, BT Squires, JR Lindquist, EL Loch, S Schwartz, MK TI DNA analysis of hair and scat collected along snow tracks to document the presence of Canada lynx SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DNA; hair snares; lynx; Lynx canadensis; noninvasive sampling; scats; snow tracking ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; FOREST AB Snow tracking is often used to inventory carnivore communities, but species identification using this method can produce ambiguous and misleading results. DNA can be extracted from hair and scat samples collected from tracks made in snow. Using DNA analysis could allow positive track identification across a broad range of snow conditions, thus increasing survey accuracy and efficiency. We investigated the efficacy of DNA identification using hairs and scats collected during the winter along putative Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) snow tracks and compared our findings to those obtained using hair-snaring techniques during the summer. We were able to positively identify 81% and 98% of the hair and scat samples, respectively, that were collected in or near snow tracks. Samples containing amplifiable lynx DNA were collected at rates of 1.2-1.3 per km of lynx tracks followed. These amplification rates and encounter frequencies validate the collection and use of DNA samples from snow tracks as a feasible technique for identifying Canada lynx and possibly other rare carnivores. We recommend that biologists include the collection of hairs and scats for DNA analysis as part of snow-tracking surveys whenever species identification is a high priority. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Rogue River Natl Forest, Prospect, OR 97536 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, Super Nat Forest, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. US Forest Serv, Super Nat Forest, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. RP McKelvey, KS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kmckelvey@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[451:DAOHAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000027 ER PT J AU Dzialak, MR Lacki, MJ Carter, KM Huie, K Cox, JJ AF Dzialak, MR Lacki, MJ Carter, KM Huie, K Cox, JJ TI An assessment of raptor hacking during a reintroduction SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Falco peregrinus; hacking; peregrine falcon; protocol; release technique; wildlife reintroduction ID PEREGRINE FALCONS; ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION AB As part of a program to recover the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the southeastern United States, we assessed procedural and demographic influences on hacking success by evaluating inherent variation and incorporating controlled manipulation in hacking protocol. We examined release age and date, release cohort size and sex ratio, postfledging area occupancy, and feeding regimen. Fourteen peregrines dispersed successfully, 9 dispersed prematurely, and 5 died before dispersal. Generally, these variables were poor predictors of success with release age (t = -1.29, P = 0.25) and feeding regimen (chi(2) = 1.32, P = 0.25) showing only weak associations with success. Sex interacted predictably with release age and postfledging area occupancy to influence success; males were more successful when released younger (+/- SD days = 45.4 +/- 2.8 [successful] and 47.1 +/- 5.0 [unsuccessful]) onto a postfledging area occupied by few conspecifics (+/- SD number of peregrines = 0.3 +/- 0.4 [successful] and 1.3 +/- 1.3 [unsuccessful]), whereas females were more successful when released older (47.0 +/- 1.8 [successful] and 44.5 +/- 0.7 [unsuccessful]) and were unaffected by postfledging area occupancy (0.9 +/- 0.8 [successful] and 1.0 +/- 1.4 [unsuccessful]). These results added substantiation to the perception of hacking as a procedurally sound tool in the release of captive-reared peregrines and highlighted some alternate considerations on feeding regimen and release-cohort sex ratio in raptor hacking. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA Daniel Boone Natl Forest, Stanton, KY 40380 USA. RP Dzialak, MR (reprint author), Utah State Univ Uintah Basin, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM mattd@ext.usu.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[542:AAORHD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000042 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Vandenberg, GW Desormeaux, A Klesius, PH Evans, JJ AF Shoemaker, CA Vandenberg, GW Desormeaux, A Klesius, PH Evans, JJ TI Efficacy of a Oralject (TM) Streptococcus iniae modified bacterin delivered using technology in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Oralject (TM); Streptococcus iniae; oral vaccination; Nile Tilapia ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; MUCOSAL; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; ROUTES AB This study evaluated the potential to orally deliver a previously developed Streptococcus iniae vaccine in tilapia using Oralject (TM) technology. This technology was developed to administer bioactive compounds to monogastric animals, and has been shown to be effective for delivery of a variety of antigens in numerous fish species. Two different formulations containing two doses of vaccine (four treatments) were fed to tilapia (4 tanks of 25 fish each) for 1 (Oralject-1 and Oralject-2 each containing 2 X 109 cells/g of feed) day (am and pm to satiation) or 5 (Oralject-1 and -2 each containing 2 X 10(8) cells/g of feed) days (once daily to satiation). The incorporated vaccine was a patented lyophilized modified bacterin (US Patent No. 6,379,677 B1). A positive control treatment [intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected S. iniae vaccine] and a negative control treatment (i.p. injection of tryptic soy broth, TSB) were included. Mean percent intake indicated that tilapia fed for 1 day (twice to satiation) the Oralject-1 consumed significantly (P < 0.05) more feed than fish fed Oralject-2 (4.05% vs. 3.21%, respectively). Fish fed for 5 days either commercial feed or Oralject-1 or -2 also showed differences in feed intake; on most days, fish consumed significantly less (P < 0.05) Oralject-2 (similar to 1%) than the commercial diet or Oralject-1 (similar to 2.5%). Tilapia were challenged 23 days post-vaccination by i.p. injection of 1 X 106 CFU S. iniae/fish. Mean percent mortality was 47.5 (+/- 7.5) in the TSB-immunized challenged tilapia and was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in all immunized groups. No mortality occurred in the i.p.-vaccinated tilapia. Mortality ranged from 17.5 to 31.25 in the Oralject (TM) treatments. Relative percent survival was 100% in the i.p.-vaccinated tilapia and 63.1% in the most effective Oralject-vaccine-treated group. The results suggest that oral delivery of the lyophilized S. iniae vaccine using Oralject (TM) technology provided protection against streptococcal disease. These data validate an initial proof-of-principle for oral vaccination of tilapia using S. iniae in the Oralject (TM) system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD USA. PerOs Syst Technol Inc, St Nicolas, PQ, Canada. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. EM cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 255 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.016 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 055NL UT WOS:000238457300014 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Silverstein, JT Wieman, H Phillips, JG Barrows, FT Parsons, JE AF Palti, Y Silverstein, JT Wieman, H Phillips, JG Barrows, FT Parsons, JE TI Evaluation of family growth response to fishmeal and gluten-based diets in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus mykiss; selection; plant diets; breeding; microsatellites; parentage determination; triploidy ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; ATLANTIC SALMON; LINKAGE MAP; PARENTAGE; PROGRAM; REPLACEMENT; GENOTYPE; WALBAUM; TRAITS; WEIGHT AB A study was conducted to evaluate genotype x feed interactions in a commercial strain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microsatellite DNA markers were used to determine the pedigree of the top 1% and bottom 1% of progeny in a large scale commercial growth trial of 24,000 rainbow trout from 20 full-sib families (20 dams x 10 sires in a nested mating design). The progeny were pooled at eyed stage and divided into 2 groups. Half of the fish from each family were fed a standard fishmeal-based diet and the other half was fed a plant protein (gluten)-based diet to determine the relative family rankings in each diet. The primary protein sources in the plant protein-based diet were corn gluten and wheat gluten meals. Krill was supplemented to this feed for the early life stages (starter, #1, #2, #3 crumbles), but was eliminated in the larger pellet sizes. Large genetic variation for growth was identified for both diets and the sire effect was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). The family rankings were similar for both diets, which suggest that the fish that grow faster on fishmeal diet are likely to grow faster on plant protein-based diets, and therefore current commercial strains that exhibit superior growth should retain their improved performance if raised on gluten-based diets. Multiplexing microsatellite markers would further improve the efficiency of parentage assignment protocols in large-scale rainbow trout selection programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USDA ARS, NAA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Troutlodge Inc, Sumner, WA 98390 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ypalti@nccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 255 IS 1-4 BP 548 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.029 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 055NL UT WOS:000238457300060 ER PT J AU Blenda, A Scheffler, J Scheffler, B Palmer, M Lacape, JM Yu, JZ Jesudurai, C Jung, S Muthukumar, S Yellambalase, P Ficklin, S Staton, M Eshelman, R Ulloa, M Saha, S Burr, B Liu, SL Zhang, TZ Fang, DQ Pepper, A Kumpatla, S Jacobs, J Tomkins, J Cantrell, R Main, D AF Blenda, Anna Scheffler, Jodi Scheffler, Brian Palmer, Michael Lacape, Jean-Marc Yu, John Z. Jesudurai, Christopher Jung, Sook Muthukumar, Sriram Yellambalase, Preetham Ficklin, Stephen Staton, Margaret Eshelman, Robert Ulloa, Mauricio Saha, Sukumar Burr, Ben Liu, Shaolin Zhang, Tianzhen Fang, Deqiu Pepper, Alan Kumpatla, Siva Jacobs, John Tomkins, Jeff Cantrell, Roy Main, Dorrie TI CMD: a Cotton Microsatellite Database resource for Gossypium genomics SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; MAP; MARKERS; LOCI AB Background: The Cotton Microsatellite Database (CMD) http://www.cottonssr.org is a curated and integrated web-based relational database providing centralized access to publicly available cotton microsatellites, an invaluable resource for basic and applied research in cotton breeding. Description: At present CMD contains publication, sequence, primer, mapping and homology data for nine major cotton microsatellite projects, collectively representing 5,484 microsatellites. In addition, CMD displays data for three of the microsatellite projects that have been screened against a panel of core germplasm. The standardized panel consists of 12 diverse genotypes including genetic standards, mapping parents, BAC donors, subgenome representatives, unique breeding lines, exotic introgression sources, and contemporary Upland cottons with significant acreage. A suite of online microsatellite data mining tools are accessible at CMD. These include an SSR server which identifies microsatellites, primers, open reading frames, and GC-content of uploaded sequences; BLAST and FASTA servers providing sequence similarity searches against the existing cotton SSR sequences and primers, a CAP3 server to assemble EST sequences into longer transcripts prior to mining for SSRs, and CMap, a viewer for comparing cotton SSR maps. Conclusion: The collection of publicly available cotton SSR markers in a centralized, readily accessible and curated web-enabled database provides a more efficient utilization of microsatellite resources and will help accelerate basic and applied research in molecular breeding and genetic mapping in Gossypium spp. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. ARS, MSA, Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS USA. Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Biosyst Res Ctr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Ctr Int Rech Agron Dev, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, WICS Res Unit, Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Delta & Pine Land Co, Winterville, MS 38782 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. Bayer BioSci NV, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blenda, A (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, 51 New Cherry St, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM blenda@clemson.edu; jscheffler@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; bscheffler@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; mbp@clemson.edu; marc.lacape@cirad.fr; zyu@qutun.tamu.edu; jcdr@genome.clemson.edu; sookjc@gmail.com; kmsriram@gmail.com; preetham@genome.clemson.edu; stephen@genome.clemson.edu; mestato@yahoo.com; robert@genome.clemson.edu; mulloa@pw.ars.usda.gov; ssaha@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov; burr@bnl.gov; shaolin.liu@monsanto.com; cotton@njau.edu.cn; Deqiu.Fang@deltaandpine.com; apepper@mail.bio.tamu.edu; spkumpatla@dow.com; j.jacobs@bayercropscience.com; jtmkns@clemson.edu; RCantrell@cottoninc.com; dorrie@wsu.edu RI Lacape, Jean-Marc/B-4326-2008; OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 28 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 132 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-132 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 073TQ UT WOS:000239765900001 PM 16737546 ER PT J AU Chang, YJ Lee, S Yoo, MA Lee, HG AF Chang, Yun Jeoung Lee, Suyong Yoo, Mi Ae Lee, Hyeon Gyu TI Structural and biological characterization of sulfated-derivatized oat beta-glucan SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oat beta-glucan; sulfation; bile acid; anticoagulant activity ID ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES; ANTICOAGULANT; ACID; RAT AB The structural, physicochemical, and biological properties of sulfated oat beta-glucan were characterized. The degree of substitution of the sulfated oat-beta glucan was obtained by elemental analysis, which was 0.68. Compared to native oat beta-glucan, the FT-IR spectra of the derivative showed two new absorption bands at 1250 and 810 cm(-1), which would be attributed to (S = O) and (C-O-S) groups, respectively. The molecular weight of the sulfated beta-glucan was determined to be 68 kDa and its viscosity decreased by almost 2 orders of magnitude while its solubility increased by more than 100% compared to that of the native beta-glucan. In addition, the sulfation caused the reduction of in vitro bile acid binding capacity of oat beta-glucan due to the new anionic character and decreased molecular weight. The sulfated derivative exhibited, however, anticoagulant activity which showed a concentration-dependent increase. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lee, HG (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM hyeonlee@hanyang.ac.kr NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3815 EP 3818 DI 10.1021/jf060243w PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100009 PM 16719501 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Manners, GD AF Breksa, AP Manners, GD TI Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of limonin, nomilin, and limonin glucoside SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE limonin; nomilin; limonin glucoside; citrus; antioxidant capacity ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; CITRUS LIMONOIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INHIBITION; FLAVONOIDS; CARCINOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; IONIZATION; CELLS AB The antioxidant capacity (AOC) of three representative citrus limonoids, limonin, nomilin, and limonin glucoside, was examined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), beta-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Pure compounds and proper negative (cinnamic acid) and positive (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and ascorbic acid) controls were used to remove any ambiguity in interpreting results. In all cases, limonin and nomilin gave results equivalent to those of cinnamic acid, indicating that they do not possess any inherent AOC and should not be considered antioxidants. Similar results were observed for limonin glucoside, with the exception of an anomalous result obtained from the beta-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay. Limonin glucoside was deemed not to be an antioxidant on the basis of the three unequivocal assays. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 27 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3827 EP 3831 DI 10.1021/jf060901c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100011 PM 16719503 ER PT J AU Abedon, BG Hatfield, RD Tracy, WF AF Abedon, Bruce G. Hatfield, Ronald D. Tracy, William F. TI Cell wall composition in juvenile and adult leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE maize; cell walls; leaves; Cg1; culm; juvenile ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; LIGNIN; RESISTANCE; GRASSES; ORCHARDGRASS; SWITCHGRASS; DEGRADATION; PARENCHYMA AB Many leaf characteristics vary with position along the culm in maize (Zea mays L.) due to the existence of vegetative phase change and heteroblasty. The objective of this work was to determine if differences in cell wall composition exist among developmental phases and between Cg1, a developmental mutant, and wild-type maize. In one experiment, the middle third of fully elongated leaf blades from lower and upper regions of the shoot was harvested (midribs removed) and analyzed for several cell wall components. Averaged over five inbreds (De811, Ia5125, Mo17, P39, and Wh8584), lower leaf blades had higher levels of xylose and lower levels of total uronosyls, glucose, arabinose, and galactose (P < 0.05) than did upper leaf blades. With the exception of glucose, upper and lower leaves of Cg1 plants varied in the same manner as their near-isogenic siblings, except cell walls of Cg1 plants were more "juvenile" than cell walls of wild-type siblings at the same leaf stage. These data support the hypothesis that Cg1 delays but does not eliminate the transition from juvenile-vegetative to adult-vegetative phase. In a second experiment, juvenile (leaves 3 and 5), transition (leaf 7), and adult (leaves 9 and 11) leaves from inbreds B73 and De811 were harvested and analyzed as in the first experiment. As leaf number rose, total cell wall content of sample dry matter, total neutral sugars, glucose, xylose, and ester-linked monomers of p-coumaric acid and total ferulates including ferulate dimers increased linearly while total uronosyls acids, arabinose, and galactose declined linearly (P < 0.05). Glucose and xylose are major cell wall components released from cellulose and xylans after acid hydrolysis. Pectin, a minor component of grass cell walls, is composed of galacturonosyls, arabinose, and galactose. Secondary cell wall deposition increased between leaves 3 and 11 in a heteroblastic series, due to either increased cell wall content concomitant with decreased cell lumen size, changes in proportion of cell types (i.e., sclerenchyma), or a combination of these factors. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tracy, WF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wftracy@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3896 EP 3900 DI 10.1021/jf052872w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100020 PM 16719512 ER PT J AU Mahmoud, AA Natarajan, SS Bennett, JO Mawhinney, TP Wiebold, WJ Krishnan, HB AF Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Bennett, John O. Mawhinney, Thomas P. Wiebold, William J. Krishnan, Hari B. TI Effect of six decades of selective breeding on soybean protein composition and quality: A biochemical and molecular analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-conglycinin; genetic diversity; glycinin; protein composition; protein quality ID BETA-CONGLYCININ GENES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; STORAGE PROTEINS; SEED YIELD; IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; GLYCININ AB To evaluate the extent of the genetic change and its effects on the seed protein composition of soybean cultivars released during the past 60 years, representative ancestral cultivars and those derived from selective breeding were grown in a side-by-side comparison. Total seed protein content, determined by combustion analysis of nitrogen, revealed a decline in the protein content after decades of selection and breeding. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis comparison of protein profiles of the soybean cultivars indicated that relative expression of most of the seed storage proteins had not varied substantially from the ancestral lines to the present commercial cultivars. There was noticeably less beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin, a protein devoid of sulfur amino acids, in the modern cultivars represented by Mustang, Pioneer 93B09, and Asgrow 3602. Comparison of the amino acid profiles of soybean seed, a benchmark of the protein's nutritional quality, revealed that the ancestral progenitor, G. soja, was significantly higher in cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and arginine than either the ancestral or the modern cultivars. Selective breeding over the past 60 years minimally affected the overall amino acid composition. The degree of divergence in the DNA sequence of the genes encoding glycinin and beta-conglycinin in the ancestral and modern cultivars was investigated using Southern hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Even though some restriction fragment polymorphisms could be detected, overall, the banding patterns were remarkably similar among the ancestral cultivars and those derived from them, suggesting a high degree of conservation of seed-storage protein genes. The results of our study suggest that selection and breeding for yield during the past 60 years had no major influence on the protein composition, ostensibly because of limited genetic diversity among the parental lines. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit,Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit,Plant Sci Div, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 53 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3916 EP 3922 DI 10.1021/jf060391m PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100023 PM 16719515 ER PT J AU Gu, LW House, SE Wu, XL Ou, BX Prior, RL AF Gu, Liwei House, Suzanne E. Wu, Xianli Ou, Boxin Prior, Ronald L. TI Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; cocoa; chocolates; procyanidins; catechin; ORAC(FL) ID COMMON FOODS; QUANTIFICATION; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; FLAVAN-3-OLS; VALIDATION; SAMPLES; CELLS; ASSAY; RATS; MS AB Cocoa and chocolate products from major brands were analyzed blind for total antioxidant capacity (AOC) (lipophilic and hydrophilic ORAC(FL)), catechins, and procyanidins (monomer through polymers). Accuracy of analyses was ascertained by comparing analyses on a NIST standard reference chocolate with NIST certified values. Procyanidin (PC) content was related to the nonfat cocoa solid (NFCS) content. The natural cocoa powders (average 87% of NFCS) contained the highest levels of AOC (826 +/- 103 mu mol of TE/g) and PCs (40.8 +/- 8.3 mg/g). Alkalized cocoa (Dutched powders, average 80% NFCS) contained lower AOC (402 +/- 6 mu mol of TE/g) and PCs (8.9 +/- 2.7 mg/g). Unsweetened chocolates or chocolate liquor (50% NFCS) contained 496 +/- 40 mu mol of TE/g of AOC and 22.3 +/- 2.9 mg/g of PCs. Milk chocolates, which contain the least amount of NFCS (7.1%), had the lowest concentrations of AOC (80 +/- 10 mu mol of TE/g) and PCs (2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/g). One serving of cocoa (5 g) or chocolate (15 or 40 g, depending upon the type of chocolate) provides 2000-9100 mu mol of TE of AOC and 45-517 mg of PCs, amounts that exceed the amount in a serving of the majority of foods consumed in America. The monomers through trimers, which are thought to be directly bioavailable, contributed 30% of the total PCs in chocolates. Hydrophilic antioxidant capacity contributed > 90% of AOC in all products. The correlation coefficient between AOC and PCs in chocolates was 0.92, suggesting that PCs are the dominant antioxidants in cocoa and chocolates. These results indicate that NFCS is correlated with AOC and PC in cocoa and chocolate products. Alkalizing dramatically decreased both the procyanidin content and antioxidant capacity, although not to the same extent. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Brunswick Labs, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 19 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 4057 EP 4061 DI 10.1021/jf060360r PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100042 PM 16719534 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Beecher, GR Holden, JM Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Prior, RL AF Wu, Xianli Beecher, Gary R. Holden, Joanne M. Haytowitz, David B. Gebhardt, Susan E. Prior, Ronald L. TI Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; concentration; daily intake; NHANES ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM; EXTRACT; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; BLACKBERRY; BLUEBERRY; CYANIDIN AB Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble plant pigments that have important functions in plant physiology as well as possible health effects. Over 100 common foods were screened for ACNs, and 24 of them were found to contain ACNs. Concentrations of total ACNs varied considerably from 0.7 to 1480 mg/100 g of fresh weight in gooseberry ('Careless' variety) and chokeberry, respectively. Not only does the concentration vary, but the specific anthocyanins present in foods are also quite different. Only six common aglycones, delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin, were found in all of these foods. However, their sugar moieties and acylation patterns varied from food to food. Results from this study will add to the available data for the USDA Nutrient Database of flavonoids. On the basis of the concentration data and updated food intake data from NHANES 2001-2002, the daily intake of ACNs is estimated to be 12.5 mg/day/person in the United States. Of the different aglycones, cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin were estimated to contribute 45, 21, and 15%, respectively, of the total ACN intake. Nonacylated contributed 77% compared to 23% from acylated ACNs. C1 USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu NR 42 TC 451 Z9 486 U1 19 U2 120 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 4069 EP 4075 DI 10.1021/jf060300i PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100044 PM 16719536 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Vilcek, S Dubovi, EJ Carman, S AF Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Vilcek, S Dubovi, EJ Carman, S TI Multiple outbreaks of severe acute BVDV in North America occurring between 1993 and 1995 linked to the same BVDV2 strain SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; BVDV2; high virulence BVDV strains; severe acute BVD ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; VIRUS BVDV; GENETIC-RECOMBINATION; CELLULAR INSERTIONS; PESTIVIRUS GENOME; CYTOPATHOGENICITY; SEQUENCE; POLYPROTEIN; VIRULENCE; UBIQUITIN AB The first reported outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in 1946 described a transmissible acute disease characterized by severe leukopenia, high fever, gastrointestinal erosions and hemorrhages. However, in the ensuing years, the most commonly observed acute form of BVD was clinically mild. There was limited viral shed and spread following these acute infections. This led to the assumptions that acute infections with BVD viruses (BVDV) were clinically unimportant, spread of the virus within a group was always due to the presence of a persistently infected animal and transmission between healthy immunocompetent cattle was insignificant. These assumptions were challenged when outbreaks of severe acute BVDV were observed in North America starting in the late 1980s. This study demonstrates that widespread outbreaks of severe acute BVD observed in 1993 in North America can be traced to a single strain of BVDV that apparently spread explosively following acute infection. These findings are notable in that they draw into question management of acute BVD infection, design of studies examining virulence and nomenclature used to identify strains for GenBank submission. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Komenskeho, Slovakia. Cornell Univ, Mol Diagnost Lab, AHDL, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci,Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Guelph, Hlth Anim Lab, Lab Serv Div, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jridpath@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.059 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 044JC UT WOS:000237667400003 PM 16384664 ER PT J AU McCuddin, Z Carlson, SA Rasmussen, MA Franklin, SK AF McCuddin, Z Carlson, SA Rasmussen, MA Franklin, SK TI Klebsiella to Salmonella gene transfer within rumen protozoa: Implications for antibiotic resistance and rumen defaunation SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; conjugation; protozoa; Klebsiella pneumoniae; rumen; antibiotic resistance; ceftriaxone ID DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; OVINE RUMEN; R-FACTORS; TYPHIMURIUM; STRAINS; PLASMIDS AB The rumen has long been thought to be a site of gene transfer for microorganisms. Rumen protozoa (RPz) are active predators of bacteria that can harbor antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, RPZ were assessed as sites of gene transfer between two bacterial species, Salmonella and Klebsiella. One Klebsiella isolate carried a plasmid bearing bla(CMY-2), encoding an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase conferring ceftriaxone resistance, while the Salmonella was susceptible to ceftriaxone yet capable of thriving within protozoa. In vitro studies revealed that ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella could be isolated following coincubation of Salmonella and Klebsiella with RPz obtained from adult cattle and goats. Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella were not recovered in the presence of an inhibitor of protozoa engulfment or when a protozoa-sensitive Salmonella was part of the coincubation. This transfer event was additionally observed in vitro for protozoa-independent stressors although at a significantly lower frequency. The gene transfer event was related to bacterial conjugation since a conjugation inhibitor, nalidixic acid, perturbed the phenomenon. Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella were recovered from calves, sheep, and goats co-challenged with ceftriaxone-resistant Klebsiella and ceftriaxone-sensitive Salmonella. However, the transfer event was not observed in calves and sheep that were defaunated prior to the co-challenge. Moreover, Salmonella transconjugants were isolated from separate bovine in vivo studies involving a Klebsiella donor carrying a plasmid conferring colicin activity while no such transconjugants were obtained from defaunated calves. These results provide an important basis for evaluating and preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance and other selective advantages for pathogens present in ruminants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.12.004 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 044JC UT WOS:000237667400011 PM 16423473 ER PT J AU Brown, WC Norimine, J Knowles, DP Goff, WL AF Brown, WC Norimine, J Knowles, DP Goff, WL TI Immune control of Babesia bovis infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Forum on Babesiosis CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Nice, FRANCE DE Babesia bovis; T lymphocytes; spleen; innate immunity; cytokines; macrophage activation; protozoan parasites; MHC class II tetramers; epitope mapping; subdominant antigens; genome ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CLASS-II TETRAMERS; PATHOGEN ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; OUTER-MEMBRANE AB Babesia bovis causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle, which if resolved, leads to a state of persistent infection in otherwise clinically healthy cattle. Persistently infected cattle are generally resistant to reinfection with related parasite strains, and this resistance in the face of infection is termed concomitant immunity. Young animals are generally more resistant than adults to B. bovis infection, which is dependent on the spleen. Despite the discovery of B. bovis over a century ago, there are still no safe and effective vaccines that protect cattle against this most virulent of babesial pathogens. Immunodominant antigens identified by serological reactivity and dominant T-cell antigens have failed to protect cattle against challenge. This review describes the innate and acquired immune mechanisms that define resistance in young calves and correlate with the development of concomitant immunity in older cattle following recovery from clinical disease. The first sections will discuss the innate immune responses by peripheral blood- and spleen-derived macrophages in cattle induced by B. bovis merozoites and their products that limit parasite replication, and comparison of natural killer cell responses in the spleens of young (resistant) and adult (susceptible) cattle. Later sections will describe a proteomic approach to discover novel antigens, especially those recognized by immune CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Because immunodominant antigens have failed to stimulate protective immunity, identification of subdominant antigens may prove to be important for effective vaccines. Identification of CD4(+) T-cell immunogenic proteins and their epitopes, together with the MHC class II restricting elements, now makes possible the development of MHC class II tetramers and application of this technology to both quantify antigen-specific lymphocytes during infection and discover novel antigenic epitopes. Finally, with the imminent completion of the B. bovis genome-sequencing project, strategies using combined genomic and proteomic approaches to identify novel vaccine candidates will be reviewed. The availability of an annotated B. bovis genome will, for the first time, enable identification of non-immunodominant proteins that may stimulate protective immunity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit,Coll Vet Med,Anim Dis Biotechno, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wbrown@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30136, AI44005, AI49276] NR 95 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.041 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 049LU UT WOS:000238018700008 PM 16510249 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Fanta, GF Felker, FC AF Shogren, RL Fanta, GF Felker, FC TI X-ray diffraction study of crystal transformations in spherulitic amylose/lipid complexes from jet-cooked starch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; complex; spherulite; diffraction; fatty acid ID FATTY-ACID COMPLEXES; SOLID-STATE NMR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; V COMPLEXES; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; HELICAL CONFIGURATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PACKING ANALYSIS AB The effects of drying, solvent extraction and re-hydration on the structures of V-type amylose/lipid complexes from slowly cooled jet-cooked cornstarch dispersions were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction. Large spherulites in the wet state or dried in humid air had X-ray patterns similar to those found previously for wet amylose-isopropanol complexes (7(1) helices in orthorhombic unit cell). After freeze-drying, the X-ray pattern changed to a more disordered hexagonal array of 7(1) helices. Surprisingly, re-hydration in water caused a change to the 6(1) orthorhombic structure and then to the 6(1) hexagonal structure after a second freeze-drying. Extraction of the freeze-dried 7(1) forms with boiling anhydrous propanol did not change the diffraction pattern significantly but resulted in extraction of half of the complexed lipids. Extraction with boiling n-propanol/water resulted in complete lipid extraction along with conversion to the hexagonal V-6 form. The diffraction patterns of small particle amylose-lipid complexes (V-6) were unaffected by either re-hydration with water or extraction with alcohol or alcohol/water mixtures. Small angle X-ray scattering curves show small peaks at d=70-80 angstrom, suggesting the presence of chain-folded crystallites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.12.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 052PO UT WOS:000238245800008 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Kim, S Willett, JL AF Biswas, A Shogren, RL Kim, S Willett, JL TI Rapid preparation of starch maleate half-esters SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; starch maleate half-esters; microwave; synthesis AB A novel method for the rapid preparation of starch esters is described herein, by rapid heating using microwave or conventional means. A 5-min method to prepare starch maleates with degree of substitution (DS) up to 0.25 was developed when microwave or conventional source assisted fast heating of starch in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reacted with 0.5 equiv. maleic anhydride in the presence of 0.5 equiv. of pyridine with a reaction efficiency of 50%. For a given amount maleic anhydride higher amount pyridine gave higher DS. The reactivities of maleic and succinic anhydrides were compared. Succinic anhydride/starch gave DS of 0.3 as compared to only 0.1 with maleic anhydride/starch. The effects of varying reaction time, microwave power, anhydride and pyridine amount on the reaction yield and composition were studied. Proton NMR and IR were used to determine the DS. Instead of microwave when reactions were heated with a conventional heat source, starch esterification reactions gave starch maleate with lower DS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 10 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.12.013 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 052PO UT WOS:000238245800013 ER PT J AU Ryu, JH Zierenberg, RA Dahgren, RA Gao, SD AF Ryu, JH Zierenberg, RA Dahgren, RA Gao, SD TI Sulfur biogeochemistry and isotopic fractionation in shallow groundwater and sediments of Owens Dry Lake, California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfate reduction; sulfide oxidation; sulfur isotope; hypersaline waters ID BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PYRITE FORMATION; BLACK-SEA; HYPERSALINE SEDIMENTS; LABORATORY SYNTHESIS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS; REDUCING BACTERIA AB Groundwater and sediment samples (similar to 1 in depth) at sites representative of different groundwater pathways were collected to determine the aqueous speciation of sulfur and the fractionation of sulfur isotopes in aqueous and solid phases. In addition, selected sediment samples at 5 depths (from oxic to anoxic layers) were collected to investigate the processes controlling sulfur biogeochemistry in sedimentary layers. Pyrite was the dominant sulfur-bearing phase in the capillary fringe and groundwater zones where anoxic conditions are found. Low concentrations of pyrite (< 5.9 g kg(-1)) coupled with high concentrations of dissolved sulfide (4.81 to 134.7 mg L-1) and low concentrations of dissolved Fe (generally < 1 mg L-1) and reducible solid-phase Fe indicate that availability of reactive Fe limits pyrite formation. The relative uniformity of down-core isotopic trends for sulfur-bearing mineral phases in the sedimentary layers suggests that sulfate reduction does not result in significant sulfate depletion in the sediment. Sulfate availability in the deeper sediments may be enhanced by convective vertical mixing between upper and lower sedimentary layers due to evaporative concentration. The large isotope fractionation between dissolved sulfate and sedimentary sulfides at Owens Lake provides evidence for initial fractionation from bacterial sulfate reduction and additional fractionation generated by sulfide oxidation followed by disproportionation of intermediate oxidation state sulfur compounds. The high salinity in the Owens Lake brines may be a factor controlling sulfate reduction and disproportionation in hypersaline conditions and results in relatively constant values for isotope fractionation between dissolved sulfate and total reduced sulfur. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Dahgren, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM radahlgren@ucdavis.edu RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012 OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355 NR 80 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 4 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.001 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 051SY UT WOS:000238182400002 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Lakshmi, V Jackson, TJ Choi, M Jacobs, JM AF Bosch, DD Lakshmi, V Jackson, TJ Choi, M Jacobs, JM TI Large scale measurements of soil moisture for validation of remotely sensed data: Georgia soil moisture experiment of 2003 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; remote sensing; spatial variability ID COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER CONTENT; STABILITY; TIME AB A series of soil moisture experiments were conducted in 2003 (SMEX03) to develop enhanced datasets necessary to improve spatiotemporal characterization of soil moisture and to enhance satellite-based retrievals. One component of this research was conducted in South Central Georgia of the US, from June 17th to July 21st (SMEX03 GA). This study analyzes measurements of soil moisture and temperature collected during SNEX03 GA. A network of in situ soil moisture measurement devices, established to provide validation data for the satellite collections and for long-term estimation of soil moisture conditions throughout the region, provided continuous measurements at 19 sites. Additional soil moisture and temperature validation data were collected daily from 49 field sites. These sites represented a diversity of land covers including forest, cotton, peanut, and pasture. Precipitation that occurred prior to June 22nd and from June 29th through July 2nd produced drying conditions from June 23rd to June 28th and gradual wetting from June 29th through July 2nd. Soil moisture in the top 0-1 cm of the soil was found to be more responsive to precipitation and to have greater variability than soil moisture at the 0-3 or 3-6 cm layers. Within different land covers, soil moisture followed the same trends, but varied with land use. Pasture sites were consistently the wettest while row-crop sites were normally the driest. Good agreement was observed between soil moisture measurements collected with the in situ network and the 49 SMEX sites. For the study period, soil moisture across the entire 50 kin by 75 km region and five of the six 25 km by 25 km EASE-Grids demonstrated time stable characteristics. Time stability analysis and statistical tests demonstrated the in situ stations had a small dry bias as compared to the SNMX03 GA measurements. These results indicate that the in situ network will be a good resource for long-term calibration of remotely sensed soil moisture and provide a new and unique source for future satellite product validation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2375 Rainwater Rd,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.usda.gov; vlakshmi@geol.sc.edu; tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov; mchoi@unh.edu; jennifer.jacobs@unh.edu NR 28 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 323 IS 1-4 BP 120 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.024 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 057MH UT WOS:000238599400009 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Starks, P Heathman, G AF Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Starks, P Heathman, G TI Temporal stability of surface soil moisture in the Little Washita River watershed and its applications in satellite soil moisture product validation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE temporal stability analysis; time series analysis; surface soil moisture; Soil Moisture experiment 2003 (SMEX03); little Washita river watershed ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; FIELD; VARIABILITY; TIME; PERSISTENCE; RETRIEVAL; DESIGN AB The concept of temporal stability can be used to identify persistent soil moisture patterns and estimate the large scale average from select representative sensor locations. Accurate and efficient estimation of large-scale surface soil moisture is a primary component of soil moisture satellite validation programs. However, monitoring the soil surface at large grid scales is difficult. As part of the aqua satellite advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR) Validation Program, a soil moisture sensor network was installed in the little Washita river watershed in Oklahoma, USA in 2002. Along with data from the soil moisture experiment 2003 (SMEX03), this network will provide a valuable dataset for satellite soil moisture product validation. Analysis shows that most of the network sensors are temporally stable at multiple scales and four sites are identified as representative with negligible bias and small standard deviation to the watershed mean. As part of this analysis, the protocols established for large-scale soil moisture sampling campaigns such as in the soil moisture experiments (SNMX) are validated. This analysis showed that basing grid scale estimates on six sampling points is reasonable and accurate. Temporal stability is shown to be a valuable tool for soil moisture network analysis and can provide an efficient means to large-scale satellite validation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Rm 104Bedg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 26 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 323 IS 1-4 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 057MH UT WOS:000238599400012 ER PT J AU Hyde, P Dubayah, R Walker, W Blair, JB Hofton, M Hunsaker, C AF Hyde, P Dubayah, R Walker, W Blair, JB Hofton, M Hunsaker, C TI Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using multi-sensor (LiDAR, SAR/InSAR, ETM plus , Quickbird) synergy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; RaDAR; SAR; InSAR; fusion; habitat; forest structure; canopy height; biomass ID AIRBORNE LASER DATA; CANOPY STRUCTURE; RAIN-FOREST; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; INTEGRATION; TOPOGRAPHY; ALTIMETER; INVENTORY; HEIGHT AB Measurements of forest structure are important for wildlife habitat management. An optimal strategy for mapping forest structure would include detailed measurements of the vertical dimension, which are traditionally provided by field sampling, together with the broad spatial coverage afforded by remote sensing. While no single sensor is capable of delivering this at the present time, it should be possible to combine information from multiple sensors to achieve a reasonable approximation. In this study, we compare estimates of forest structural metrics derived from remote sensing to measurements obtained in the field (large tree maximum canopy height, mean canopy height, standard deviation canopy height, and biomass). We then statistically combine structural information from LiDAR, RaDAR, and passive optical sensors in an attempt to improve accuracy of our estimates. The results of this study indicate that LiDAR is the best single sensor for estimating canopy height and biomass. The addition of ETM+ metrics significantly improved LiDAR estimates of large tree structure, while Quickbird and InSAR/SAR improved estimates either marginally or not at all. The combination of all sensors was more accurate than LiDAR alone, but only marginally better than the combination of LiDAR and ETM+. Structure metrics from LiDAR and RaDAR are essentially redundant, as are ETM+ and Quickbird. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Terr Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Fresno, CA 93729 USA. RP Hyde, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM phyde@geog.umd.edu RI Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 NR 27 TC 179 Z9 185 U1 8 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.021 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 045WD UT WOS:000237772500006 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematics; All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory; North Carolina; Tennessee; moths AB Forty-eight species of Noctuinae are recorded from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, U. S. A., with 17 species in the tribe Agrotini and 31 species in the tribe Noctuini. Images of adults, description/diagnosis, flight period, collected localities, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts are presented for each species. The greatest diversity of Noctuinae species ( n= 29) was recorded from four combined localities along Big Cove Road, Swain Co., North Carolina. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 26 PY 2006 IS 1215 BP 1 EP 90 PG 90 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 046KB UT WOS:000237809400001 ER PT J AU Samnaliev, M Stevens, TH More, T AF Samnaliev, M Stevens, TH More, T TI A comparison of alternative certainty calibration techniques in contingent valuation SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE certainty calibration; contingent valuation; CVM; WTP ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; DISCRETE-CHOICE; UNCERTAINTY; RESPONSES; BENEFITS; MODEL; BIAS AB A field test of two types of certainty calibration techniques in contingent valuation of public lands indicated that a 10-point certainty scale reduced WTP estimates by about half. Adjusting for uncertainty via a 'Not Sure' option did not reduce WTP estimates but the variance increased. There are several differences between these two ways of accounting for respondents' uncertainty, which may suggest why they provide different WTP value estimates and variances. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Policy & Res, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Samnaliev, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Policy & Res, Chang Bldg,222 Maple Ave, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. EM Mihail.Samnaliev@umassmed.edu; tstevens@resecon.umass.edu NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.05.017 PG 13 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 047YR UT WOS:000237915100013 ER PT J AU Powell, MR Tamplin, M Marks, B Campos, DT AF Powell, MR Tamplin, M Marks, B Campos, DT TI Bayesian synthesis of a pathogen growth model: Listeria monocytogenes under competition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE predictive microbiology; Listeria monocytogenes; competitive growth; Bayesian analysis ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TEMPERATURE; FOOD; PH; UNCERTAINTY; DYNAMICS AB The Bayesian synthesis method is applied to data from two studies of Listeria monocytogenes grown in broth monocultures to draw inferences about the joint distribution of two Baranyi growth model parameters-lag time and maximum specific growth rate. The resultant joint distribution is then combined with prior distributions for the initial and maximum pathogen density parameters under competitive growth conditions. Finally, the pathogen growth model is updated using the Sampling/Importance Resampling (SIR) algorithm with data on L. monocytogenes growth in competition with natural microflora in fish. Although the latter data provide no information on the stationary phase to directly estimate the maximum pathogen density parameter, combining them with relevant prior information provides a means to characterize L. monocytogenes growth in a food with mixed microbial populations. Based on a specified tolerance for L. monocytogenes growth, the updated model provides a storage time limit for fish held at 5 degrees C, pH 6.8, 43% CO2, 57% N-2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, 1400 Independence Ave SW,5248 S Ag Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mpowell@oce.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.007 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 056RG UT WOS:000238542200005 PM 16499986 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, HM AF Juneja, VK Marks, HM TI Growth kinetics of Salmonella spp. pre- and post-thermal treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; lag phase; exponential growth rates AB This paper reports estimated growth kinetic parameters for a cocktail of stationary phase Salmonella serotypes, pre- and post-thermal inactivation treatment. Cells were grown in brain-heart infusion broth at 25 or 37 degrees C and then destruction of the cells was quantified at 55 degrees C using a submerged coil heating apparatus. The surviving cells (about 1-2 logo cfu/ml) were subsequently grown at 25 or 37 degrees C. The results indicated that lag phase duration times for the post- heat treated cells increased at 25 and 37 degrees C by about 6.2 h and at least 3 to 4 h, respectively, and thus the increases appear to be truly different. However, when considering the ratios of the lag phase duration times for post-treated to pre-treated cells, a significant difference was not found, where estimated ratios could exceed 4. Estimated exponential growth rates, EGR, were not affected by the treatment, where for 37 degrees C, EGR was estimated to be 0.9 log(10) (cfu/ml)/h, and at 25 degrees C, the EGR was estimated at 0.45 log(10) (cfu/ml)/h. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.01.009 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 056RG UT WOS:000238542200007 PM 16488038 ER PT J AU MacLea, KS Cheng, HH AF MacLea, KS Cheng, HH TI Cloning and expression of deoxyribonuclease II1 from chicken SO GENE LA English DT Article DE DNase II; DNase II beta; DLAD; chicken; fowlpox; canarypox ID DNASE-II; ALPHA; SEQUENCE; GENES; APOPTOSIS; GENOME; VIRUS AB Acid endonucleases of the deoxyribonuclease 11 (DNase 11, EC 3.1.22.1) family have been implicated in the degradation of DNA from apoptotic cell corpses formed in the process of normal mammalian development. Although a predicted DNase 11 has been detected in the chicken through expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis, to date no homolog of these important enzymes has been identified in vivo in any avian species. Here we report the cloning and expression of DNase 11 from the chicken, Gallus gallus. When expressed, the 363 amino acid glycoprotein is observed to be approximately 45 kDa in size and to exhibit DNA hydrolytic activity at pH 5 consistent with DNase 11 in other species. Furthermore, chicken DNase 11 sequence is compared with an identified partial sequence from the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, as well as the previously identified homologs found in the fowlpox and canarypox viruses and the previously cloned mammalian DNases II. Through analysis of its amino acid sequence, comparative gene structure, and conserved synteny, chicken DNase 11 appears to represent a member of the DNase 110 subfamily and the apparent lack of a DNase Not homolog in the chicken has important evolutionary implications for the study of this gene family. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 24 PY 2006 VL 373 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2005.12.019 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 049AP UT WOS:000237988000007 PM 16500043 ER PT J AU Chen, R Neill, JD Estes, MK Prasad, BVV AF Chen, Rong Neill, John D. Estes, Mary K. Prasad, B. V. Venkataram TI X-ray structure of a native calicivirus: Structural insights into antigenic diversity and host specificity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE neutralization epitopes; norovirus; vesivirus ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUS; CANINE CALICIVIRUS; NOROVIRUS; RESOLUTION AB Caliciviruses, grouped into four genera, are important human and veterinary pathogens with a potential for zoonosis. In these viruses, capsid-related functions such as assembly, antigenicity, and receptor interactions are predominantly encoded in a single protein that forms an icosahedral capsid. Understanding of the immunologic functions and pathogenesis of human caliciviruses in the Norcivirus and Sapovirus genera is hampered by the lack of a cell culture system or animal models. Much of our understanding of these viruses, including the structure, has depended on recombinant capsids. Here we report the atomic structure of a native calicivirus from the Vesivirus genus that exhibits a broad host range possibly including humans and map immunological function onto a calicivirus structure. The vesivirus structure, despite a similar architectural design as seen in the recombinant norovirus capsid, exhibits novel features and indicates how the unique modular organization of the capsid protein with interdomain flexibility, similar to an antibody structure with a hinge and an elbow, integrates capsid-related functions and facilitates strain diversity in caliciviruses. The internally located N-terminal arm participates in a novel network of interactions through domain swapping to assist the assembly of the shell domain into an icosahedral scaffold, from which the protruding domain emanates. Neutralization epitopes localize to three hypervariable loops in the distal portion of the protruding domain surrounding a region that exhibits host-specific conservation. These observations suggest a mechanism for antigenic diversity and host specificity in caliciviruses and provide a structural framework for vaccine development. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Prasad, BVV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM vprasad@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI057788, P01AI-57788] NR 49 TC 100 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 23 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 21 BP 8048 EP 8053 DI 10.1073/pnas.0600421103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 047BD UT WOS:000237853900022 PM 16702551 ER PT J AU Park, MS Steel, J Garcia-Sastre, A Swayne, D Palese, P AF Park, MS Steel, J Garcia-Sastre, A Swayne, D Palese, P TI Engineered viral vaccine constructs with dual specificity: Avian influenza and Newcastle disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chicken; Newcastle disease virus; pandemic; avian influenza virus; hemagglutinin ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GENE; A VIRUS; FUSION PROTEIN; CLEAVAGE SITE; CLONED CDNA; CHICKENS; VIRULENCE; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION AB Avian influenza viruses of the H5 and H7 hernagglutinin subtypes, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), are important pathogens in poultry worldwide. Specifically, the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus is a particular threat because it has now occurred in more than 40 countries on several continents. Inasmuch as most chickens worldwide are vaccinated with a live NDV vaccine, we embarked on the development of vaccine prototypes that would have dual specificity and would allow a single immunization against both avian influenza and Newcastle disease. Using reverse genetics, we constructed a chimeric avian influenza virus that expressed the ectodomain of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of NDV instead of the neuraminidase protein of the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Our second approach to creating a bivalent vaccine was based on expressing the ectodomain of an H7 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin in a fusogenic and attenuated NDV background. The insertion into the NDV genome of the foreign gene (containing only its ectodomain, with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains derived from the F protein of NDV) resulted in a chimeric virus with enhanced incorporation of the foreign protein into virus particles. A single immunization of chickens with this improved vaccine prototype virus induced not only a 90% protection against an H7N7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, but also complete immunity against a highly virulent NDV. We propose that chimeric constructs should be developed for convenient, affordable, and effective vaccination against avian influenza and Newcastle disease in chickens and other poultry. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM peter.palese@mssm.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI58113-02, R01 AI18998-25, U54 AI057158-03, P01 AI058113, R01 AI018998, U54 AI057158] NR 32 TC 121 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 23 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 21 BP 8203 EP 8208 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602566103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 047BD UT WOS:000237853900048 PM 16717196 ER PT J AU Ding, FJ Chen, YR Chao, KL Kim, MS AF Ding, Fujian Chen, Yud-Ren Chao, Kuanglin Kim, Moon S. TI Three-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POULTRY CARCASSES; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; CIECAM97S; REVISION AB A three-color mixing application for food safety inspection is presented. It is shown that the chromaticness of the visual signal resulting from the three-color mixing achieved through our device is directly related to the three-band ratio of light intensity at three selected wavebands. An optical visual device using three-color mixing to implement the three-band ratio criterion is presented. Inspection through human vision assisted by an optical device that implements the three-band ratio criterion would offer flexibility and significant cost savings as compared to inspection with a multispectral machine vision system that implements the same criterion. Example applications of this optical three-color mixing technique are given for the inspection of chicken carcasses with various diseases and for apples with fecal contamination. With proper selection of the three narrow wavebands, discrimination by chromaticness that has a direct relation with the three-band ratio can work very well. In particular, compared with the previously presented two-color mixing application, the conditions of chicken carcasses were more easily identified using the three-color mixing application. The novel three-color mixing technique for visual inspection can be implemented on visual devices for a variety of applications, ranging from target detection to food safety inspection. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ding, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BAC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 15 BP 3516 EP 3526 DI 10.1364/AO.45.003516 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 044JM UT WOS:000237668400015 PM 16708097 ER PT J AU Vugia, D Cronquist, A Hadler, J Tobin-D'Angelo, M Blythe, D Smith, K Thornton, K Morse, D Cieslak, P Jones, T Holt, K Guzewich, J Henao, O Scallan, E Angulo, F Griffin, P Tauxe, R Barzilay, E AF Vugia, D Cronquist, A Hadler, J Tobin-D'Angelo, M Blythe, D Smith, K Thornton, K Morse, D Cieslak, P Jones, T Holt, K Guzewich, J Henao, O Scallan, E Angulo, F Griffin, P Tauxe, R Barzilay, E CA CDC TI Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food - 10 states, United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 392-395, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RAW GROUND-BEEF; INSPECTION SERVICE; SAFETY C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Publ Hlth, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon State Publ Hlth, Salem, OR USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycol Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vugia, D (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 19 BP 2241 EP 2243 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 042UX UT WOS:000237556600010 ER PT J AU Labbe, N Harper, D Rials, T AF Labbe, N Harper, D Rials, T TI Chemical structure of wood charcoal by infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wood charcoal; chemical composition; infrared spectroscopy; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis; projection to latent structures; white oak; red maple; sugar maple; silver maple; whiskey; maturation; mellowing process; toasting and charring process ID ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; ADSORPTION AB In this work, the effect of temperature on charcoal structure and chemical composition is investigated for four tree species. Wood charcoal carbonized at various temperatures is analyzed by mid infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis and by thermogravimetric analysis to characterize the chemical composition during the carbonization process. The multivariate models of charcoal were able to distinguish between species and wood thermal treatments, revealing that the characteristics of the wood charcoal depend not only on the wood species, but also on the carbonization temperature. This work demonstrates the potential of mid infrared spectroscopy in the whiskey industry, from the identification and classification of the wood species for the mellowing process to the chemical characterization of the barrels after the toasting and charring process. C1 Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Labbe, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, 2506 Jacob Dr,Ag Campus, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nlabbe@utk.edu OI Harper, David/0000-0003-2783-5406 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3492 EP 3497 DI 10.1021/jf053062n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 043HH UT WOS:000237590600002 PM 19127715 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Arcinas, A Harden, LR Fagerquist, CK AF Lin, JT Arcinas, A Harden, LR Fagerquist, CK TI Identification of (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl) diricinoleoylglycerol, an acylglycerol containing four acyl chains, in castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil by LC-ESI-MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE castor oil; ricinoleate; acylglycerol; tetra-acylglycerol; acylacyldiacylglycerol; biosynthesis; HPLC; Ricinus communis L. ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEED OIL; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SAPIUM SEBIFERUM; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; HPLC; 1-ACYL-2-OLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; OLEOYL-12-HYDROXYLASE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB acylglycerol (AG) containing four acyl chains, (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)diricinoleoylglycerol (RRRR), positively identified for the first time in a natural source in castor oil using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). HPLC-purified RRRR from castor oil was subjected to ion and high-resolution ESI-MS/MS. The precursor and fragment ions of [RRRR + Na](+) showed expected masses, and the sodiated fragment ions of both diacylglycerols and fatty acids were Because fragment ions of fatty acids from [AG + NH4](+) adducts cannot be detected by MS/MS, [AG + Na](+) adducts are more informative. Radiolabeled triricinolein (RRR) was into RRRR in castor microsomes, indicating that RRRR is biosynthesized in castor bean. newly identified and biosynthesized RRRR represents a new AG subclass of tetra-acylglycerols (or acylacyldiacylglycerol). C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jtlin@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3498 EP 3504 DI 10.1021/jf060150e PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 043HH UT WOS:000237590600003 PM 19127716 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Horn, BW Potter, TL Deyrup, ST Gloer, JB AF Sobolev, VS Horn, BW Potter, TL Deyrup, ST Gloer, JB TI Production of stilbenoids and phenolic acids by the peanut plant at early stages of growth SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE resveratrol; phytoalexins; mucilage; p-coumaric acid; ferulic acid; caffeic acid; 4-methoxycinnamic acid; phenolic acids; peanuts; groundnuts; Arachis hypogaea; HPLC-MS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GROUNDNUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MICROBIAL COLONIZATION; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOALEXINS; IDENTIFICATION; RESVERATROL; RESISTANCE; ROOTS AB The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) is known to produce stilbene phytoalexins as a defensive response to fungal invasion; however, the distribution of phytoalexins among different organs of the peanut plant at early stages of growth under axenic conditions has not been studied. Axenic plants produced a stilbenoid, resveratrol, as well as soluble bound and free phenolic acids, including 4-methoxycinnamic acid, which is reported in peanuts for the first time. Neither resveratrol nor phenolic acids were found in the root mucilage; the prenylated stilbenes were restricted to the mucilage and were not found in other organs of the peanut plant. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the defensive role of peanut stilbenes and phenolic acids. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM vsobolev@nprl.usda.gov OI Deyrup, Stephen/0000-0002-1851-5593 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3505 EP 3511 DI 10.1021/jf0602673 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 043HH UT WOS:000237590600004 PM 19127717 ER PT J AU Lu, SM Luo, YG Feng, H AF Lu, SM Luo, YG Feng, H TI Inhibition of apple polyphenol oxidase activity by sodium chlorite SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE inhibition mode; sodium chlorite; polyphenol oxidase; apple; fresh-cut ID SHELF-LIFE; FRUITS AB Sodium chlorite ( SC) was shown to have strong efficacy both as a sanitizer to reduce microbial growth on produce and as a browning inhibitor on fresh- cut apples in previous experiments. This study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effect of SC on polyphenol oxidase ( PPO) and the associated mechanisms. The experiment showed that SC had a strong inhibition of apple PPO. The extent of inhibition was influenced by SC concentration and pH. Inhibition was most prominent at pH 4.5, at which similar to 30% of enzyme activity was lost in the presence of 10 mM SC, followed closely by that at pH 4.0 with a 26% reduction in PPO activity. The inhibition mode was determined using Dixon and Lineweaver- Burk plots, which established SC to be a mixed inhibitor of apple PPO for the oxidation of catechol. Preincubation of PPO with 8 mM SC for 8 min caused a maximum of 46% activity reduction compared to noninhibited control. However, preincubation of SC with catechol for 8 min resulted in no additional loss of PPO activity. These findings provide further evidence that the inhibition of PPO activity by SC is due to the inhibition of the enzyme itself rather than removal of the substrate. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Zhejiang Wanli Univ, Ningbo Key Lab Agr Produce Proc Technol, Ningbo 315100, Peoples R China. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3693 EP 3696 DI 10.1021/jf0518103 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 043HH UT WOS:000237590600033 PM 19127746 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW AF Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW TI Identification and urinary excretion of metabolites of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in human subjects following consumption of dried plums or dried plum juice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydroxymethylfurfural; prunes; human subjects ID RATS; 5-HYDROXYMETHYL-2-FURALDEHYDE AB 5-( Hydroxymethyl)- 2- furfural ( I) is a major breakdown product occurring in solutions with high concentrations of fructose and glucose and is present in many fruit juices, in heat- sterilized parenteral solutions, and in baby cereals. The objective of this study was to characterize and identify 5-( hydroxymethyl)- 2- furfural metabolites in human subjects following the consumption of dried plum juice and/ or dried plums. Subjects were fasted overnight and blood and urine samples were obtained during the day following consumption. Subjects fed the dried plum juice and dried plums consumed 3944 mu mol ( 497 mg) and 531 mu mol ( 67 mg) of I, respectively. Four presumed metabolites of I were detected in the urine of subjects that consumed dried plum juice. They were tentatively identified using HPLC- MS/ MS as ( 1) N- ( 5- hydroxymethyl- 2- furoyl) glycine ( III), ( 2) 5- hydroxymethyl- 2- furoic acid ( II), ( 3) ( 5- carboxylic acid- 2- furoyl) glycine ( IV), and ( 4) ( 5- carboxylic acid- 2- furoyl) aminomethane ( V). Total urinary excretion during the 6 h following the consumption of dried plum juice was 168, 1465, 137, and 75 mu moles on the basis of II as a standard for II, III, IV, and V, respectively. The estimated total recovery of I metabolites was 46.2% and 14.2% of the I dose during the first 6 h after consumption of dried plum juice and dried plums, respectively. I seems to be metabolized rapidly to glycine conjugates and other metabolites and excreted in the urine. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3744 EP 3749 DI 10.1021/jf0601113 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 043HH UT WOS:000237590600041 PM 19127754 ER PT J AU Barry, CS Giovannoni, JJ AF Barry, CS Giovannoni, JJ TI Ripening in the tomato Green-ripe mutant is inhibited by ectopic expression of a protein that disrupts ethylene signaling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fruit development; hormonal regulation; positional cloning ID OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; RAF-LIKE KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RESPONSE PATHWAY; REGULATORY SUBUNIT; ABSCISIC-ACID; INSENSITIVE PETUNIAS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; MULTIGENE FAMILY; AUXIN TRANSPORT AB To achieve full ripening, climacteric fruits, such as tomato require synthesis, perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone ethylene. The nonripening phenotype of the dominant Green-ripe (Gr) and Never-ripe 2 (Nr-2) mutants of tomato is the result of reduced ethylene responsiveness in fruit tissues. In addition, a subset of ethylene responses associated with floral senescence, abscission, and root elongation are also impacted in mutant plants, but to a lesser extent. Using positional cloning, we have identified an identical 334-bp deletion in a gene of unknown biochemical function at the Gr/Nr-2 locus. Consistent with a dominant gain of function mutation, this deletion causes ectopic expression of Gr/ Nr-2, which in turn leads to ripening inhibition. A CaMV35::GR transgene recreates the Gr/Nr-2 mutant phenotype but does not lead to a global reduction in ethylene responsiveness, suggesting tissue-specific modulation of ethylene responses in tomato. Gr/ Nr-2 encodes an evolutionary conserved protein of unknown biochemical function that we associate here with ethylene signaling. Because Gr/Nr-2 has no sequence homology with the previously described Nr (Never-ripe) ethylene receptor of tomato we now refer to this gene only as GR. Identification of GR expands the current repertoire of ethylene signaling components in plants and provides a tool for further elucidation of ethylene response mechanisms and for controlling ethylene signal specificity in crop plants. C1 Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; OI Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273 NR 55 TC 114 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 16 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 20 BP 7923 EP 7928 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602319103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 046UF UT WOS:000237835900070 PM 16682641 ER PT J AU Yang, AS Doshi, KD Choi, SW Mason, JB Mannari, RK Gharybian, V Luna, R Rashid, A Shen, L Estecio, MRH Kantarjian, HM Garcia-Manero, G Issa, JPJ AF Yang, AS Doshi, KD Choi, SW Mason, JB Mannari, RK Gharybian, V Luna, R Rashid, A Shen, L Estecio, MRH Kantarjian, HM Garcia-Manero, G Issa, JPJ TI DNA methylation changes after 5-aza-2 '-deoxycytidine therapy in patients with leukemia SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME; HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES; HYPOMETHYLATING AGENT; DECITABINE TREATMENT; CPG ISLANDS; PHASE-II; GENE; CANCER; DEMETHYLATION AB 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) is postulated to have clinical activity in myeloid leukemias via its ability to inhibit DNA methylation. To study this, we examined DNA methylation in patients with leukemia treated with decitabine. Five days after the treatment, total genomic 5-methylcytosine/ cytosine decreased on average by 14% (from 4.3% to 3.7%), whereas methylation of repetitive DNA elements showed a mean decrease of 9% and 16% for Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements, respectively. Methylation decreased linearly with increasing doses between 5 and 20 mg/m(2)/d (r = 0.88; P = 0.05) but showed a plateau above that. Hypo-methylation correlated with response in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with low doses (5-20 mg/m(2)/d), but patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with high doses (100-180 mg/m(2)/d) showed no such correlation. Aberrant methylation of p15 (> 10%) was found in 27% of patients, and 80% of these showed a decrease by at least one third, but this did not correlate with response. The imprinted gene H19 showed little change in methylation after decitabine. In conclusion, we show dose-dependent hypomethylation after decitabine at low doses. Increasing the dose, which has been shown previously to result in a reduced response rate, was not accompanied by further hypomethylation. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, U428, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Issa, JPJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, U428, 1515 Holcombe Bvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jpissa@mdanderson.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P50CA100632, CA16672] NR 32 TC 160 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 10 BP 5495 EP 5503 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2385 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 044NS UT WOS:000237679900064 PM 16707479 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Geis, SW Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Sheesley, RJ Failey, GG Cancilla, DA AF Corsi, SR Geis, SW Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Sheesley, RJ Failey, GG Cancilla, DA TI Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITCHELL-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; DEICING FLUIDS; RUNWAY DEICERS; NONYLPHENOL; ETHOXYLATES; WATER; MILWAUKEE; WISCONSIN; ADDITIVES; USA AB Snowbank samples were collected from snowbanks within a medium-sized airport for four years to characterize aircraft deicer and anti-icer (ADAF) components and toxicity. Concentrations of ADAF components varied with median glycol concentrations from individual sampling periods ranging from 65 to 5940 mg/L. Glycol content in snowbanks ranged from 0.17 to 11.4% of that applied to aircraft. Glycol, a freezing point depressant, was selectively removed during melt periods before snow and ice resulting in lower glycol concentrations after melt periods. Concentrations of ADAF components in airport runoff were similar during periods of snowmelt as compared to active ADAF application periods; however, due to the long duration of snowmelt events, greater masses of glycol were transported during snowmelt events. Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), selected APEO degradation products, and 4- and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole were detected in snowbank samples and airport snowmelt. Concentrations of APEO parent products were greater in snowbank samples than in runoff samples. Relative abundance of APEO degradation products increased in the downstream direction from the snowbank to the outfalls and the receiving stream with respect to APEO parent compounds and glycol. Toxicity in Microtox assays remained in snowbanks after most glycol had been removed during melt periods. Increased toxicity in airport snowbanks as compared to other urban snowbanks was not explained by additional combustion or fuel contribution in airport snow. Organic markers suggest ADAF additives as a possible explanation for this increased toxicity. Results indicate that glycol cannot be used as a surrogate for fate and transport of other ADAF components. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Mitchell Int Airport, Milwaukee, WI 53207 USA. Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm Studies, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov RI Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; OI Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3195 EP 3202 DI 10.1021/es052028m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500015 PM 16749681 ER PT J AU Yates, SR AF Yates, SR TI Measuring herbicide volatilization from bare soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS; COVERED FIELD; AIR; TRIFLURALIN; SIMULATION; TRIALLATE; MODEL AB A field experiment was conducted to measure surface dissipation and volatilization of the herbicide triallate after application to bare soil using micrometeorological, chamber, and soil-loss methods. The volatilization rate was measured continuously for 6.5 days and the range in the daily peak values for the integrated horizontal flux method was from 32.4 (day 5) to 235.2 g ha(-1) d(-1) (day 1), for the theoretical profile shape method was from 31.5 to 213.0 g ha(-1) d(-1), and for the flux chamber was from 15.7 to 47.8 g ha(-1) d(-1). Soil samples were taken within 30 min after application and the measured mass of triallate was 8.75 kg ha(-1). The measured triallate mass in the soil at the end of the experiment was approximately 6 kg ha(-1). The triallate dissipation rate, obtained by soil sampling, was approximately 334 g ha(-1) d(-1) (98 g d(-1)) and the average rate of volatilization was 361 g ha(-1) d(-1). Soil sampling at the end of the experiment showed that approximately 31% (0.803 kg/2.56 kg) of the triallate mass was lost from the soil. Significant volatilization of triallate is possible when applied directly to the soil surface without incorporation. C1 USDA ARS, GEBJ Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, GEBJ Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3223 EP 3228 DI 10.1021/es060186n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500019 PM 16749685 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Johnsen, KH Sanchez, FG AF Butnor, JR Johnsen, KH Sanchez, FG TI Whole-tree and forest floor removal from a loblolly pine plantation have no effect on forest floor CO2 efflux 10 years after harvest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; soil C organic matter; root mass; LTSP ID TAEDA L. PLANTATIONS; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY EXPERIMENT; CAROLINA COASTAL-PLAIN; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; VIRGINIA PIEDMONT; INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT; AVAILABILITY; RESPIRATION; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB Intensive management of southern pine plantations has yielded multifold increases in productivity over the last half century. The process of harvesting merchantable material and preparing a site for planting can lead to a considerable loss of organic matter. Intensively managed stands may experience more frequent disturbance as rotations decrease in length, exposing the stands to conditions that favor decomposition. To better understand the effects of organic matter removal on forest floor CO2 efflux (S-ff), we measured S-ff quarterly in 2001 in a 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in eastern North Carolina that received different harvest and site preparation treatments. The treatments examined were removal of merchantable bole (OV0) and whole-tree and forest floor removal (OM2). The organic matter removal treatments did not affect soil moisture or soil temperature, the major variables that control seasonal fluctuations in S-ff. Mean S-ff ranged from 2.23 to 6.63 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and there were no significant differences between the treatments, despite higher lateral root mass in OM0 (1552 +/- 427 g m(-2)) versus OM2 (701 +/- 86 g m(-2)). In both treatments, S-ff did not correlate to root mass directly beneath each measurement chamber. In OM0, S-ff had a negative relationship with distance from the nearest tree, while OM2 showed no effect of tree proximity. Whole-tree and forest floor removal during harvest and site preparation did not result in differences in S-ff or soil C, 10 years after establishment. Both treatments resulted in a greater quantity of soil C, indicating that the disturbance associated with harvesting enhanced soil C, at least over the short term. We attribute this increase in soil C to rapid decomposition of previous stands root system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.018 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042SN UT WOS:000237549900010 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Nagel, LM AF Woodall, CW Nagel, LM TI Coarse woody type: A new method for analyzing coarse woody debris and forest change SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; coarse woody type; forest type; stand reconstruction; inventory ID OLD-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; OAK; DISTURBANCE; MICHIGAN; SUCCESSION; PENNSYLVANIA; WISCONSIN AB The species composition of both standing live and down dead trees has been used separately to determine forest stand dynamics in large-scale forest ecosystem assessments. The species composition of standing live trees has been used to indicate forest stand diversity while the species composition of down dead trees has been used to indicate wildlife habitat. To assess the ability of combined species information of standing live and down dead trees to indicate forest stand dynamics (i.e., successional trends), the species compositions of standing live trees and coarse woody debris (CWD) were compared using data from forest inventory plots across large-scales. Distinct differences were found between the species composition of standing live trees and that of CWD for nearly half of all study observations. However, there was no predictable shift in species composition along a defined forest succession trajectory with species composition shifts appearing to be successionally forward and backward depending on unique forest stand histories, CWD decay rates, stand structure, species composition, and site attributes. Suggested as a methodology complementary to other techniques such as historical stand reconstruction, differences in species composition of standing live and down dead trees may help indicate historical mortality patterns and successional directions of forest stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.032 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042SN UT WOS:000237549900013 ER PT J AU Vance, ED Sanchez, FG AF Vance, ED Sanchez, FG TI Perspectives on site productivity of loblolly pine plantations in the southern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCASI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Vance, ED (reprint author), NCASI, POB 13318, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM evance@ncasi.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.013 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042SN UT WOS:000237549900015 ER PT J AU Morris, LA Ludovici, KH Torreano, SJ Carter, EA Lincoln, MC Will, RE AF Morris, LA Ludovici, KH Torreano, SJ Carter, EA Lincoln, MC Will, RE TI An approach for using general soil physical condition-root growth relationships to predict seedling growth response to site preparation tillage in loblolly pine plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; site preparation; mechanical resistance; aeration; root growth; STELLA (TM); modeling ID UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; FIELD ESTABLISHMENT; STAND RESPONSE; WATER-CONTENT; EARLY RELEASE; BULK-DENSITY; PIEDMONT; AVAILABILITY; DISTURBANCE; MOISTURE AB Tree seedling root growth rate can be limited by any one of three soil physical factors: mechanical resistance, water potential or soil aeration. All three factors vary with soil water content and, under field conditions, root growth rate will depend on the soil water content as a result of its relationship to each factor. For a specific site, the relationship between soil water content and each factor can be developed from periodic measurement in the field or estimated from intact soil core samples. A STELLA (TM) model of first-year pine seedling growth response to soil tillage was developed using previously established relationships between root growth and these growth-limiting factors. The model predicts reductions in root growth below optimal conditions from soil water content. Accumulated root length is then used to estimate aboveground size from an available allometric relationship. Model predictions were compared to results from a site preparation tillage study on an upland site for which soil water content had been measured bi-weekly. Treatments used for this comparison were: no tillage, bedded, subsoiled and bedded plus subsoiled. Seedling height predicted by the model differed from measured mean seedling height by -1 to +14% with absolute differences in height of 0.1 m or less. Predicted aboveground biomass was -12 to +41% of mean measured biomass. Our results suggest that this modeling approach is useful for integrating results from controlled greenhouse experiments with field results and may prove useful for predicting soil tillage response in young loblolly pine plantations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ South, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. Auburn Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Morris, LA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lmorris@uga.edu RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.031 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042SN UT WOS:000237549900019 ER PT J AU Scott, DA Burger, JA Crane, B AF Scott, D. Andrew Burger, James A. Crane, Barbara TI Expanding site productivity research to sustain non-timber forest functions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE site productivity; forest functions; sustainability; ecosystem management; intensive forest management ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTATIONS; AGRICULTURE; NITROGEN; GROWTH; VALUES AB Southern forests produce multiple products and services including timber, wildlife habitat, species bio- and genetic diversity, water quality and control, waste remediation, recreation, and carbon sequestration. All of these benefits must be produced in a sustainable manner to meet today's societal needs without compromising future needs. A forest site is productive to the extent that it provides some level of one or more of these products and services. Historically, site productivity research emphasized biomass production and did not directly address the forest's capability for producing other products and services. However, past and on-going site productivity research has greatly increased our understanding of those soil and site properties and processes that influence forest development, and those that are influenced by management. Directing forest site productivity research toward understanding how site processes control both timber and non-timber benefits on all southern forest lands can help us develop the management strategies necessary to produce multiple products and services concomitantly with timber production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM andyscott@fs.fed.us OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.017 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042SN UT WOS:000237549900021 ER PT J AU Bart, R Ronald, P Hake, S AF Bart, R Ronald, P Hake, S TI Fertility versus disease resistance, a hard choice SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID BACTERIAL-BLIGHT-RESISTANCE; RICE CULTIVARS; PV ORYZAE; GENE XA5; EXPRESSION; ENCODES; DEFENSE C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu RI Bart, Rebecca/M-2838-2013; OI Bart, Rebecca/0000-0003-1378-3481 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-55962] NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1215 EP 1217 DI 10.1101/gad.1437706 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 044XT UT WOS:000237707600003 PM 16702399 ER PT J AU Morley, PS Strohmeyer, RA Tankson, JD Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Morley, PS Strohmeyer, RA Tankson, JD Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ TI Evaluation of the association between feeding raw meat and Salmonella enterica infections at a Greyhound breeding facility SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-COWS; DOGS; DIETS; PREVALENCE; BACTERIAL; DIARRHEA AB Objective-To investigate Salmonella enterica infections at a Greyhound breeding facility. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animal and Sample Populations-138 adult and juvenile dogs and S enterica isolates recovered from the dogs and their environment. Procedures-The investigation was conducted at the request of a Greyhound breeder. Observations regarding the environment and population of dogs were recorded. Fecal, food, and environmental specimens were collected and submitted for Salmonella culture. Isolates were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. Isolates underwent genetic analyses by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping. Results-S enterica was recovered from 88 of 133 (66%) samples of all types and from 57 of 61 (93%) fecal samples. Eighty-three (94.3%) of the isolates were serotype Newport, 77 (87.5%) of which had identical resistance phenotypes. Genetic evaluations suggested that several strains of S enterica existed at the facility, but there was a high degree of relatedness among many of the Newport isolates. Multiple strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport were recovered from raw meat fed on I day. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-S enterica infections and environmental contamination were common at this facility. A portion of the Salmonella strains detected on the premises was likely introduced via raw meat that was the primary dietary constituent. Some strains appeared to be widely disseminated in the population. Feeding meat that had not been cooked properly, particularly meat classified as unfit for human consumption, likely contributed to the infections in these dogs. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 10 BP 1524 EP 1532 DI 10.2460/javma.228.10.1524 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 041TQ UT WOS:000237479300031 PM 16677120 ER PT J AU Stark, NM AF Stark, NM TI Effect of weathering cycle and manufacturing method on performance of wood flour and high-density polyethylene composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyethylene; wood flour; extrusion; injection molding; weathering ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; PROCESSING METHOD; MOISTURE AB Wood-plastic lumber is promoted as a low-maintenance high-durability product. When exposed to accelerated weathering, however, wood-plastic composites may experience a color change and loss in mechanical properties. Differences in weathering cycle and composite surface characteristics can affect the rate and amount of change caused by weathering. In this study, 50% wood flour filled high-density polyethylene composite samples were injection molded, extruded, or extruded and then planed to remove the manufacturing Surface characteristics. Composites were exposed to two accelerated weathering cycles in a xenon arc weathering apparatus. This apparatus exposed the samples to xenon arc radiation, which is a combination of UV, visible, and IR radiation that is similar to solar radiation. Composites were exposed to radiation with or Without water spray. After exposure to radiation and water spray, composites with more wood component at the Surface (i.e., planed samples) experienced a larger percentage of total loss in flexural modulus of elasticity and strength after weathering compared with the other composites. Composites exposed to radiation only did not experience as much change in properties as those exposed to radiation with water spray. The results of this study demonstrate that exposing wood-plastic composites to water spray in combination with radiation is more severe than exposing wood-plastic composites to radiation only. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, lnc. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM bhogan01@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 59 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 BP 3131 EP 3140 DI 10.1002/app.23035 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 027NZ UT WOS:000236423600071 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW Doane, WM Willett, JL AF Lawton, JW Doane, WM Willett, JL TI Aging and moisture effects on the tensile properties of starch/poly(hydroxyester ether) composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; mechanical properties; biopolymers ID POLY(HYDROXY ESTER ETHER); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE BLENDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(LACTIC ACID); STARCH COMPOSITES; FILMS AB The effects of starch and aging on the mechanical properties of starch/poly(hydroxyester ether) (PHEE) composite materials were characterized. Native or modified cornstarches were extruded with PHEE. Composites were aged for up to 20 months at either 23 degrees C and 50% relative humidity (RH) or over calcium sulfate to keep the composites dry. The tensile strength (TS) of the composites was affected by the type of starch filler that they contained. Composites containing native or crosslinked starch had significantly greater TS than composites containing octenylsuccioated starch. It was thought that the octenylsucciliate modification of the starch granule affected the adhesion between the starch and PHEE. Aging the composites at 50% RH had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composites, with TS and Young's modulus (YM) significantly decreasing and the elongation to break significantly increasing after 20 months of storage. Composites stored at 50% RH absorbed water, which caused changes in the mechanical properties by plasticizing PHEE. Composites containing poly(lactic acid) and PHEE did not experience large reduction m TS and YM when aged at 50% RH, even though they also absorbed water. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lawtonjw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 BP 3332 EP 3339 DI 10.1002/app.23351 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 027NZ UT WOS:000236423600094 ER PT J AU Hunt, AG Grant, GE Gupta, VK AF Hunt, AG Grant, GE Gupta, VK TI Spatio-temporal scaling of channels in braided streams SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fractals in the Hydrosciences (Hydrofractals 03) CY AUG, 2003 CL Ascona, SWITZERLAND DE frequency; magnitude; earthquake ID CRITICAL FLOW; EVOLUTION; RIVERS AB The spatio-temporal scaling relationship for individual channels in braided streams is shown to be identical to the spatio-temporal scaling associated with constant Froude number, e.g. F-r = 1. A means to derive this relationship is developed from a new theory of sediment transport. The mechanism by which the F-r = 1 condition apparently governs the scaling seems to derive from the sensitivity of sediment transport to flow fluctuations when F-r = 1. The condition F-r = 1 is also given a theoretical basis using arguments from surface roughness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Geol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hunt, AG (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM allen.hunt@wright.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2005.02.034 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 045UN UT WOS:000237768100014 ER PT J AU Meng, H Salas, JD Green, TR Ahuja, LR AF Meng, H. Salas, J. D. Green, T. R. Ahuja, L. R. TI Scaling analysis of space-time infiltration based on the universal multifractal model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fractals in the Hydrosciences (Hydrofractals 03) CY AUG, 2003 CL Ascona, SWITZERLAND DE infiltration; rainfall-runoff; soil water; process simulation; scaling; multifractal ID SPATIALLY-VARIABLE FIELDS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AREAL INFILTRATION; UNSATURATED FLOW; RAIN FIELDS; VARIABILITY; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; CLOUDS; SOILS AB There is broad interest in the space-time scaling behavior of infiltration over a watershed, but field data is lacking to identify such scaling and the controlling factors. Here, theoretical effects of rainfall and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) on space-time infiltration are simulated using process-based numerical experiments in the framework of a universal multifractal (UM) model. A series of rainfall and K-s fields are generated including both random, non-scaling fields and multifractal fields produced using the UM model. By varying the UM model parameters based on physical considerations, rain and K-s fields with various scaling characteristics are obtained. These rain and K-s data are then fed into a distributed rainfall-runoff model developed for this study to produce space-time infiltration, including the effects of overland flow from upslope areas. The scaling properties of the infiltration are then analyzed to find the impact from the rain and K-s fields mainly in terms of the connections among the UM model parameters between the input and the output fields. Some of the major findings from this research are: (1) rainfall spatial characteristics determine the scaling of infiltration only at very early times; (2) K-s, rather than rain, determines if the resulting infiltration field displays scaling behavior after an adjusting period; (3) generally, the heterogeneity of a rain field and the singularity and sparseness of a K-s field have strong impacts on infiltration; (4) usually, infiltration fields are statistically non-homogeneous; and (5) if an infiltration field subject to space-time rain becomes less singular (localized large infiltration rates) in time, it tends to become less sparse and more heterogeneous, and vice versa. The relationships and sensitivities identified above help us understand some key factors controlling the potential scaling behavior of infiltration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Salas, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jsalas@engr.colostate.edu RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 220 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.016 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 045UN UT WOS:000237768100017 ER PT J AU Euliss, NH Gleason, RA Olness, A McDougal, RL Murkin, HR Robarts, RD Bourbonniere, RA Warner, BG AF Euliss, NH Gleason, RA Olness, A McDougal, RL Murkin, HR Robarts, RD Bourbonniere, RA Warner, BG TI North American prairie wetlands are important nonforested land-based carbon storage sites SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; wetlands; prairie pothole region; global climate change ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SINK AB We evaluated the potential of prairie wetlands in North America as carbon sinks. Agricultural conversion has resulted in the average loss of 10.1 Mg ha(-1) of soil organic carbon on over 16 million ha of wetlands in this region. Wetland restoration has potential to sequester 378 Tg of organic carbon over a 10-year period. Wetlands can sequester over twice the organic carbon as no-till cropland on only about 17% of the total land area in the region. We estimate that wetland restoration has potential to offset 2.4% of the annual fossil CO2 emission reported for North America in 1990. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Oak Hammock, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Wetlands Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM Ned_Euliss@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051EA UT WOS:000238142500017 PM 16129474 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Riley, R Dunn, C Corton, JC AF Voss, KA Riley, R Dunn, C Corton, JC TI The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in modulating the effects of fumonisin in mouse liver SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; fumonisin; tumor necrosis factor alpha; apoptosis; hepatocyte proliferation; sphingolipids ID MICE LACKING TYPE-1; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PPAR-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; CELL-PROLIFERATION; F344 RATS; B-1; REGENERATION; APOPTOSIS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides found in corn and corn-based foods, and are suspected human esophageal carcinogens. Exposure of rodents to fumonisin B-1 causes hepatotoxicity and results in alterations in the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in the liver. As the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ce (PPAR alpha) also modulate hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, we tested the hypothesis that fumonisin-induced hepatotoxicity in the liver is modulated by these factors. We examined the effects of dietary exposure to a fumonisin-containing culture material (CM) of the fungus F verticillioides for 8 days or 5 weeks in the livers of mice lacking either TNF alpha or PPAR alpha. Compared to wild-type mice TNF alpha-null mice exhibited increased hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, PPAR alpha-null and wild-type mice were found to exhibit similar patterns of hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation when fed the CM diet. Overall, these findings provide evidence that TNF alpha, but not PPAR alpha, plays a role in modulating fumonisin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Published by Elsevier Ireland ltd. C1 USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, MD B143, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 3 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.02.012 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 043SB UT WOS:000237620800001 PM 16574297 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Therapeutic and prophylactic immunization against Streptococcus iniae infection in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vaccines; Streptococcus iniae; therapeutic immunization; natural infection; hybrid striped bass ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; YERSINIA-RUCKERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; VACCINATION; EFFICACY; INTRAPERITONEAL; IMMERSION; FISH; CARRIERS AB Vaccination strategies have traditionally been used as preventative or prophylactic measures against disease (prophylactic immunization) in uninfected fish. Alternatively, therapeutic or remedial measures, such as antibiotic administration, are commonly employed to treat disease in infected fish. Vaccination as a therapeutic measure (therapeutic immunization), however, has not been adequately explored in sub-clinically infected fish. Therapeutic and prophylactic immunization with three Streptococcus iniae vaccines, formalin-killed whole S. iniae cells (FKC vaccine), concentrated S. iniae extracellular products (greater than 2 kDa) (ECP vaccine) and a combination of killed cells and extracellular products (FKC+ECP vaccine), were tested in hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis, previously naturally infected with S. iniae. Fish (mean weight 10.0 g) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) or intramuscularly (IM) with one of each of the vaccines, tryptic soy broth (TSB-control) or non-injected (non-injected control) to evaluate therapeutic effects (Trial 1). Survivors of the natural infection and ECP and FKC+ECP vaccine immunization and another lot of non-injected control fish were immersion challenged with 1.47 x 10(6) CFU of S. iniae mL(-1) at 44 days post-immunization to evaluate vaccine efficacy (Trial 2). Hybrid striped bass (1.0 g) were also IM injected with S. iniae ECP vaccine at an aquaculture facility and immersion challenged with 1.47 x 10(6) CFU of S. iniae mL(-1) 12 weeks post-immunization (Trial 3). The ECP and FKC+ECP vaccines, regardless of injection route, significantly (P < 0.001) increased survival in asymptomatic, sub-clinically infected fish thereby providing therapeutic merit. Hybrid bass immunized IP or IM had mean per cent survival values ranging from 78 to 96 at 44 days post-immunization (Trial 1) and 69-97 post challenge (Trial 2). Survival of fish injected with TSB or immunized with FKC vaccine was significantly lowered and ranged from 12 to 13 by IP injection and 40 to 50 by IM injection and thus, the FKC vaccine had no therapeutic effect. The survival of hybrid striped bass IM immunized with S. iniae ECP vaccine in field Trial 3 was 91 and the RPS was 83. These results demonstrate that therapeutic immunization using S. iniae ECP and FKC+ECP vaccines can control a natural S. iniae infection. Furthermore, S. iniae ECP or FKC+ECP vaccines can also be used prophylacticly to protect hybrid striped bass against subsequent pathogen challenge. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD MAY 12 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 7 BP 742 EP 750 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01487.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 036HL UT WOS:000237062100010 ER PT J AU Kim, S Xu, J Biswas, A Willett, JL AF Kim, S Xu, J Biswas, A Willett, JL TI Shear-induced aggregate formation in starch solutions SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch solutions; shear-induced aggregate; shear microscopy ID GENTLY SOLUBILIZED STARCHES; PATTERN; SYSTEM AB Shear-thickening behavior and shear-induced pattern formation have been observed in semidilute starch solutions. While the shear-thickening behavior is due to breaking up of highly concentrated gel-like structures dispersed in dilute starch solutions, the pattern-forming behavior is not well understood. The pattern formation, observed when the starch solution is exposed to a high shear field, is a consequence of shear-induced aggregation and is not related to shear-thickening behavior. The patterns have been observed above a certain critical threshold shear rate regardless of the starch type. In this report, it is shown that the product of shear time and fourth power of shear rate is a controlling factor for the formation of shear-induced aggregates in starch solutions. Since starch solutions prepared under harsh conditions did not show shear-induced aggregate formation, it is suggested that the aggregates are formed from incompletely solubilized starch residues in its apparent solution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kims@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY 11 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.11.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 048HQ UT WOS:000237938600004 ER PT J AU Patel, MR Scheffler, BE Wang, L Willett, KL AF Patel, MR Scheffler, BE Wang, L Willett, KL TI Effects of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) aromatase activities and mRNA SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatase; Fundulus; benzo(a)pyrene ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; PROTANDROUS BLACK PORGY; CYTOCHROME-P450 AROMATASE; CYP19 GENES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BRAIN AROMATASE; TELEOST FISH; AH RECEPTOR; SEA BASS AB Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) plays an important role in steroid homoeostasis by converting androgens to estrogens. To evaluate the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model carcinogenic PAH and AhR ligand, on aromatase mRNA expression and enzyme activity, adult Fundulus were exposed to water-borne BaP (1 and 10 mu g/L) for 15 days, and embryos were exposed to 10 mu g/L for 10 days. Effects of BaP were examined by tissue, gender, and season in adults. Constitutively, the sexes did not have significantly different CYP19A2 mRNA levels, however females had higher brain aromatase activity. Female control killifish had more than 700-fold more CYP19A1 mRNA in their gonads compared to males. Within brain tissue of both sexes, there was 100-fold more CYP19A2 mRNA compared to CYP19A1. In ovary, CYP19A1 predominated by approximately 30-fold over the CYP19A2, but in testis there was relatively more CYP19A2. In embryos there was similar to 5-fold higher CYP19A2 expression. Due to high inter-individual variability, a significant effect of BaP treatment by gender, season or age was not observed for either aromatase mRNA. However, ovarian aromatase activity was significantly decreased by 10 mu g/L BaP, while female brain activity was increased following winter exposure. These findings suggest that the aromatase enzyme is a potential target for disruption of fish developmental and reproductive physiology by BaP. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Willett, KL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, 315 Faser Hall,Box 1848,MS 38677, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kwillett@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012710, R01 ES012710-01] NR 66 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.12.009 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 043LM UT WOS:000237602600004 PM 16458981 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Biresaw, G Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ AF Adhvaryu, A Biresaw, G Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ TI Friction behavior of some seed oils: Biobased lubricant applications SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; ADSORPTION AB Seed oils are renewable and an environmentally friendly alternative to mineral based oils in lubrication and other important industrial applications. They are generally triesters having a complex distribution of fatty acid (FA) chains. All the physical and chemical properties of seed oils are dependent on their FA distribution, composition, and additional functional groups in the chain structure. In this work, various seed oils are studied for their boundary lubrication properties using the Langmuir adsorption model for their possible use as industrial lubricants. This information can be used to design suitable lubricant molecules that will have optimum structure for effective metal adsorption as well as exhibit excellent boundary lubrication properties. The free energy of adsorption (Delta G(ads)) of cottonseed, canola, olive, and meadowfoam oil is investigated in boundary lubrication regime using steel ball-on-disk geometry. Adsorption values were compared with monoesters with varying chain lengths. It was observed, based on computed Delta G(ads), that molecular polarity, hydrocarbon chain length, and relative distribution of unsaturation in the FA chain can affect adsorption on the metal surface. Statistical analysis on FA distribution and Delta G(ads) was helpful in making a generalized assumption on adsorption behavior. The results are consistent with theoretical assumptions on surface adsorption as a function of molecular structure. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3735 EP 3740 DI 10.1021/ie051259z PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 043CG UT WOS:000237576300055 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Rosenthal, BM La Rosa, G Pozio, E Hoberg, EP AF Zarlenga, D. S. Rosenthal, B. M. La Rosa, G. Pozio, E. Hoberg, E. P. TI Post-Miocene expansion, colonization, and host switching drove speciation among extant nematodes of the archaic genus Trichinella SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLUM NEMATODA; N.SP NEMATODA; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE; AFRICA; COEVOLUTION; POPULATION AB Parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella cause significant food-borne illness and occupy a unique evolutionary position at the base of the phylum Nematoda, unlike the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Although the forthcoming genome sequence of Trichinella spiralis can provide invaluable comparative information about nematode biology, a basic framework for understanding the history of the genus Trichinella is needed to maximize its utility. We therefore developed the first robust and comprehensive analysis of the phylogeny and biogeographic history of Trichinella using the variation in three genes (nuclear small-subunit rDNA, and second internal transcribed spacer, mitochondrial large-subunit rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase I DNA) from all 11 recognized taxa. We conclude that (i) although Trichinellidae may have diverged from their closest extant relatives during the Paleozoic, all contemporary species of Trichinella diversified within the last 20 million years through geographic colonization and pervasive host switching among foraging guilds of obligate carnivores; (ii) mammalian carnivores disseminated encapsulated forms from Eurasia to Africa during the late Miocene and Pliocene, and to the Nearctic across the Bering Land Bridge during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, when crown species ultimately diversified; (iii) the greatest risk to human health is posed by those species retaining an ancestral capacity to parasitize a wide range of hosts; and (iv) early hominids may have first acquired Trichinella on the African savannah several million years before swine domestication as their diets shifted from herbivory to facultative carnivory. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, B1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zarlenga@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 49 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 9 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 19 BP 7354 EP 7359 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602466103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 043GT UT WOS:000237589000030 PM 16651518 ER PT J AU Lin, H Bouma, J Pachepsky, Y Western, A Thompson, J van Genuchten, R Vogel, HJ Lilly, A AF Lin, Henry Bouma, Johan Pachepsky, Yakov Western, Andrew Thompson, James van Genuchten, Rien Vogel, Hans-Joerg Lilly, Allan TI Hydropedology: Synergistic integration of pedology and hydrology SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LAND-USE HISTORY; ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATION; TEMPORAL STABILITY; MOISTURE PATTERNS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ORGANIC-MATTER; VADOSE ZONE; WATER; SCALE AB This paper presents a vision that advocates hydropedology as an advantageous integration of pedology and hydrology for studying the intimate relationships between soil, landscape, and hydrology. Landscape water flux is suggested as a unifying precept for hydropedology, through which pedologic and hydrologic expertise can be better integrated. Landscape water flux here encompasses the source, storage, flux, pathway, residence time, availability, and spatiotemporal distribution of water in the root and deep vadose zones within the landscape. After illustrating multiple knowledge gaps that can be addressed by the synergistic integration of pedology and hydrology, we suggest five scientific hypotheses that are critical to advancing hydropedology and enhancing the prediction of landscape water flux. We then present interlinked strategies for achieving the stated vision. It is our hope that by working together, hydrologists and pedologists, along with scientists in related disciplines, can better guide data acquisition, knowledge integration, and model-based prediction so as to advance the hydrologic sciences in the next decade and beyond. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Soil Sci & Geol, Soil Sci Ctr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Soil Phys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Craigiebuckler AB15 8QH, Scotland. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM henrylin@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011; Poggio, Matteo/D-8973-2011; Western, Andrew/G-1730-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Vogel, Hans-Jorg/J-9845-2016; OI Western, Andrew/0000-0003-4982-146X; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Vogel, Hans-Jorg/0000-0003-2404-9485; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 100 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 9 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 AR W05301 DI 10.1029/2005WR004085 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 046HV UT WOS:000237803100001 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE AF Reinert, JF Harbach, RE TI Descriptions of genus Downsiomyia Vargas (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) and its type species Do. nivea (Ludlow) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Aedes; Downsiomyia; Finlaya; Albonivea Group; Nivea Group; Do. nivea; mosquitoes ID MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; SYNOPTIC CATALOG; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INDIA DIPTERA; AEDES; TRANSMISSION; INDONESIA; ISLANDS; CLASSIFICATION AB Genus Downsiomyia and its type species, Do. nivea (Ludlow), are described in detail. The 30 species included in the genus are listed. An extensive list of previous literature pertaining to the genus is provided. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jreinert@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu; r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk NR 248 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 8 PY 2006 IS 1196 BP 33 EP 61 PG 29 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 040DC UT WOS:000237358200002 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Baixeras, J AF Brown, JW Baixeras, J TI Macrocydia divergens, a new genus and species of Grapholitini (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Olethreutinae) from Central America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; faunal inventory; Neotropical; Panama; Systematics AB Macrocydia divergens Brown and Baixeras, new genus and new species, from Costa Rica and Panama, is described and illustrated. The new genus can be distinguished from other Grapholitini by its remarkably large size, distinctive pale forewing pattern, and elongate, porrect labial palpi. Other interesting morphological features of diagnostic value include female frenulum with two bristles (three in most Tortricidae), female genitalia with a single large signum (paired in most Grapholitini), and a well-defined chorda and M-stem in the forewing venation. Owing to its highly divergent appearance and the relatively unremarkable male and female genitalia of the single included species, which are similar to many species of Cydia and Grapholita, it is not possible to identify the closest relative of Macrocydia. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv, USDA, PSI,Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversitat & Biol Evolut, Valencia 46071, Spain. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv, USDA, PSI,Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov; joaquin.baixeras@uv.es RI Baixeras, Joaquin/L-1734-2014 OI Baixeras, Joaquin/0000-0002-6092-0496 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 8 PY 2006 IS 1197 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 040DD UT WOS:000237358300003 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Perera, O Ray, JD Taliercio, E Williams, L AF Blanco, Carlos A. Perera, Omaththage Ray, Jeffery D. Taliercio, Earl Williams, Livy TI Incorporation of rhodamine B into male tobacco budworm moths Heliothis virescens to use as a marker for mating studies SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fecundity; spermatophore; mortality; tobacco budworm ID OIL-SOLUBLE DYE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MALE AGE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Rhodamine B, a dye commonly used in a variety of biological studies was incorporated into the bodies of male tobacco budworm moths, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by allowing them to feed freely on 0.1% rhodamine dissolved in a 10% sucrose solution. After exposing males for one to three days to this pigment, rhodamine was clearly detectable in > 82% of spermatophores extracted from untreated females. The intake of this dye did not affect the life span, the production of eggs or the capacity of moths to copulate when compared with moths fed only a sucrose solution or water. Rhodamine B was easily identifiable externally but was more apparent internally in males after only one day of exposure to the pigment. Even at this short feeding duration, rhodamine was detectable in > 50% of males 5 days after feeding stopped. Longer exposure to the dye significantly increased the percentage stained. Detection of rhodamine was slightly enhanced by the use of ultraviolet light. The dye accumulation in internal abdominal organs was a better indicator of the presence of the pigment than external contamination of the moth. The use of the method described in this report can be a tool for the rapid incorporation of a low cost dye in the tobacco budworm for biological, behavioral and genetic studies. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cblanco@ars.usda.gov; operera@ars.usda.gov; jray@ars.usda.gov; etaliercio@ars.usda.gov; livyw@unr.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 5 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085PX UT WOS:000240617100001 ER PT J AU Walsh, J Fraser, G Hunt, E Husband, B Nalluswami, K Pollard, K Reynolds, S Urdaneta, V Weltman, A Aston, C Balter, S Beatrice, S Beaudry, G Berg, D Clark, N Frieden, T Karpati, A Layton, M Lee, L Leighton, J Moskin, L Mullin, S Phillips, M Paykin, A Prud'homme, J Slavinski, S Tucker, A Weisfuse, I Weis, D Wolsk, G Bacon, C Glasgow, E Gomez, T Swartz, W Baden, D Clark, T Dauphin, LA Diaz, P Dykewicz, CA Fleischauer, A Frank, M Gee, JE Hoffmaster, A Kim, H Marston, C Meyer, R McQuiston, J Newton, B Papagiotqas, S Pesik, N Piester, T Quinn, C Reagan, S Rotz, L Rosenberg, P Rosenstein, N Shadomy, S Semanova, V Treadwell, T Wilkins, P Winchell, J Burr, G Dowell, C Hornsby-Myers, J Kiefer, M King, B Nguyen, TQ Arboleda, N Tsoi, B AF Walsh, J Fraser, G Hunt, E Husband, B Nalluswami, K Pollard, K Reynolds, S Urdaneta, V Weltman, A Aston, C Balter, S Beatrice, S Beaudry, G Berg, D Clark, N Frieden, T Karpati, A Layton, M Lee, L Leighton, J Moskin, L Mullin, S Phillips, M Paykin, A Prud'homme, J Slavinski, S Tucker, A Weisfuse, I Weis, D Wolsk, G Bacon, C Glasgow, E Gomez, T Swartz, W Baden, D Clark, T Dauphin, LA Diaz, P Dykewicz, CA Fleischauer, A Frank, M Gee, JE Hoffmaster, A Kim, H Marston, C Meyer, R McQuiston, J Newton, B Papagiotqas, S Pesik, N Piester, T Quinn, C Reagan, S Rotz, L Rosenberg, P Rosenstein, N Shadomy, S Semanova, V Treadwell, T Wilkins, P Winchell, J Burr, G Dowell, C Hornsby-Myers, J Kiefer, M King, B Nguyen, TQ Arboleda, N Tsoi, B CA CDC TI Inhalation anthrax associated with dried animal hides - Pennsylvania and New York City, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 280-282, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Robert Packer Hosp, Sayre, PA 18840 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Walsh, J (reprint author), Robert Packer Hosp, Sayre, PA 18840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 17 BP 1991 EP 1993 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 038MF UT WOS:000237225100005 ER PT J AU Foster, JG Clapham, WM Fedders, JM AF Foster, JG Clapham, WM Fedders, JM TI Quantification of fatty acids in forages by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy; forage; lauric acid; linoleic acid; alpha-linolenic acid; myristic acid; palmitic acid; palmitoleic acid; oleic acid; stearic acid ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; CALIBRATION EQUATIONS; OIL CONTENT; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; BEEF-CATTLE; SEED OIL; QUALITY; DIETS AB Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated as a possible alternative to gas chromatography (GC) for the quantitative analysis of fatty acids in forages. Herbage samples from 11 greenhouse-grown forage species ( grasses, legumes, and forbs) were collected at three stages of growth. Samples were freeze-dried, ground, and analyzed by GC and NIRS techniques. Half of the 195 samples were used to develop an NIRS calibration file for each of eight fatty acids, with the remaining half used as a validation data set. Spectral data, collected over a wavelength range of 1100-2498 nm, were regressed against GC data to develop calibration equations for lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), palmitoleic ( C16: 1), oleic (C18: 1), linoleic (C18: 2), and alpha-linolenic ( =C18: 3) acids. Calibration equations had high coefficients of determination for calibration (0.93-0.99) and cross-validation (0.89-0.98), and standard errors of calibration and cross-validation were < 20% of the respective means. Simple linear regressions of NIRS results against GC data for the validation data set had r(2) values ranging from 0.86 to 0.97. Regression slopes for C12: 0, C14: 0, C16: 0, C18: 0, C16: 1, C18: 2, and C18: 3 were not significantly different ( P = 0.05) from 1.0. The regression slope for C18: 1 was 1.1. The ratio of standard error of prediction to standard deviation was > 3.0 for all fatty acids except C12: 0 (2.6) and C14: 0 (2.9). Validation statistics indicate that NIRS has high prediction ability for fatty acids in forages. Calibration equations developed using data for all plant materials accurately predicted concentrations of C16: 0, C18: 2, and C18: 3 in individual plant species. Accuracy of prediction was less, but acceptable, for fatty acids ( C12: 0, C14: 0, C18: 0, C16: 1, and C18: 1) that were less prevalent. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Foster, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Joyce.Foster@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3186 EP 3192 DI 10.1021/jf052398u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900003 PM 16637670 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, JA TI Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the polymethoxylated flavone content of orange oil residues SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; methoxylated flavones; FTIR; nutraceuticals; nonvolatile oil residues; citrus byproducts; value-added products ID CITRUS ESSENTIAL OILS; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; FRUIT AB Preliminary studies have shown that orange peel polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) exhibit beneficial biological properties in animals. These properties have increased the demands for these compounds as candidate nutraceuticals and specialty food ingredients. Orange oil residues are a likely commercial source of the PMFs, and a rapid, solvent-free method for the analysis of the PMFs in orange oil residues has been developed based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The intensities of the FTIR vibrations of the phenyl ring nu(C=C) stretch at 1515 cm(-1) of the PMFs can be used, relative to the intensity of the carbonyl stretch at 1733 cm(-1) of the non-PMF orange oil residue components, to measure PMF content. Excellent correlations for the ratios of the intensities of these vibrations and the total PMF content were observed irrespective of the source, viscosity, and presence of particulate material. The detection limit by this method is approximately 0.1% PMF. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3215 EP 3218 DI 10.1021/jf053134a PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900008 PM 16637675 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Smith, E Qin, F Liu, LS AF Chen, GY Smith, E Qin, F Liu, LS TI Time-resolved luminescence screening of antibiotics in tissue matrices without centrifugation and filtration: Spiked recovery studies SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE time-resolved luminescence; screening; antibiotic; oxytetracycline; sorbent extraction; fish; tissue ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TETRACYCLINE RESIDUES; SORBENT EXTRACTION; CHANNEL CATFISH; ANIMAL-TISSUES; OXYTETRACYCLINE; FISH; FLUORESCENCE; MUSCLE; MEATS AB Analyses of chemical residues in animal tissue matrices require multistep sample preparation. To simplify this process, a methodology was developed that combines sorbent extraction and solidmatrix time-resolved luminescence (TRL); it was applied to tetracycline screening in milk. Reported here is an effort to extend its application to tissue matrices, illustrated by oxytetracycline (OTC) screening in catfish muscle. Extraction and enrichment are accomplished by immersing small C18 sorbent strips into tissue homogenates for 20 min, followed by a 3 min rinse in water and a 2 min dip in a reagent solution. After desiccation, TRL is measured directly on the sorbent surface. Tissue particulates no longer interfere via attenuation or scattering, rendering centrifugation and filtration unnecessary. The integrated TRL intensity shows a linear dependence on OTC concentration in the 0-8 Ag/g range (R-2 = 0.9992) with a 0.026 Ag/ g limit of detection. To screen OTC at 2 mu g/g, the U. S. regulatory tolerance level, a threshold is established at x x(2) - 3 sigma(2), where x x(2) and sigma(2) are the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the TRL signals from 15 samples fortified at 2 Ag/ g. Among 45 blind samples randomly fortified at 0- 4 mu g/g, 41 were screened correctly and 4 negative samples were presumed positive. This method has the potential to improve throughput and save assay costs by eliminating acids, organic solvents, centrifugation, and filtration. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Shanghai Inst Drug Control, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gchen@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3225 EP 3230 DI 10.1021/jf053243p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900010 PM 16637677 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH AF Loughrin, JH TI Comparison of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for the quantification of malodors in wastewater SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cAFOs; concentrated animal-feeding operations; octanol-water partition coefficient; SBSE; stir bar sorptive extraction; SPME; solid-phase microextraction; VFA; volatile fatty acids ID EMISSIONS; BACTERIA AB Malodors in wastewater from animal-rearing facilities are due to the presence of characteristic polar compounds. The efficiency and reproducibility of three solid-phase microextraction ( SPME) fibers (Carboxen-PDMS, polyacrylate, and PDMS) as well as PDMS-coated stir bars for the measurement of some of these compounds in the liquid phase were compared. In initial experiments, the SPME fibers and stir bars were exposed to a standard water solution containing a mixture of 18 compounds with a range of octanol-water partition coefficients. The polyacrylate SPME fibers and PDMS-coated stir bars, having been found to possess the best combination of extraction efficiency and reproducibility of measurement, were compared for the extraction of a high-strength swine wastewater. Ten compounds, which are known contributors to malodors in wastewater, were quantified by both methods of extraction. For most compounds, greater levels were estimated by the PDMS-coated stir bars than by SPME, and measurement reproducibility was also greater. For both methods of extraction, there was greater variation in the measurement of volatile fatty acids than there was for aromatics. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM jloughrin@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3237 EP 3241 DI 10.1021/jf0602119 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900012 PM 16637679 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Pelitire, SM AF Dowd, MK Pelitire, SM TI Isolation of 6-methoxy gossypol and 6,6 '-dimethoxy gossypol from Gossypium barbadense sea island cotton SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; cottonseed; gossypol; natural products; preparative HPLC; separation processes ID DERIVATIVES AB 6-Methoxy gossypol and 6,6'- dimethoxy gossypol were isolated from the seeds and root bark of a St. Vincent Sea Island variety of cotton (AZK-267, GRIN# PI 528406). Crude mixtures of gossypol and the methoxy compounds were obtained by extraction of the tissue with acetone and precipitation with acetic acid. After recrystallization, the preparations were treated with 3-amino-1-propanol to form gossypol Schiff's bases, which were separated by preparative reverse phase chromatography. The separated Schiff's bases were then hydrolyzed with acid, extracted into diethyl ether, concentrated, and precipitated with acetic acid. From the above procedure, both methoxy gossypol compounds were obtained as 1: 1 molar acetic acid solvates. Each compound was prepared in sufficient amounts to determine its physical properties and begin testing for bioactivity. Light absorbance differed significantly for the di-3-amino-1-propanol derivatives of gossypol and the methoxy gossypol compounds at 254 nm. Relative response factors were developed, which can be used for determining or correcting analytical measurements of these methylated gossypol forms. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mkdowd@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3265 EP 3270 DI 10.1021/jf060027n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900016 PM 16637683 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Ludvik, C Shey, J Imam, SH Chiou, BS McHugh, T DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Orts, W Wood, D Offeman, R AF Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Ludvik, C Shey, J Imam, SH Chiou, BS McHugh, T DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Orts, W Wood, D Offeman, R TI Permeability of starch gel matrices and select films to solvent vapors SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE starch; microcellular foam; 2-heptanone; Apis mellifera L.; Varroa destructor ID MITE VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; APIS-MELLIFERA L; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; PHEROMONES; JACOBSONI; 2-HEPTANONE; HONEYBEES; PARASITE; RESIDUES; AGENTS AB Volatile agrochemicals such as 2-heptanone have potential in safely and effectively controlling important agricultural pests provided that they are properly delivered. The present study reports the permeability of starch gel matrices and various coatings, some of which are agricultural-based, that could be used in controlled release devices. Low-density, microcellular starch foam was made from wheat, Dent corn, and high amylose corn starches. The foam density ranged from 0.14 to 0.34 g/cm(3), the pore volume ranged from 74 to 89%, and the loading capacity ranged from 2.3 to 7.2 times the foam weight. The compressive properties of the foam were not markedly affected by saturating the pore volume with silicone oil. The vapor transmission rate (VTR) and vapor permeability (VP) were measured in dry, porous starch foam and silicone-saturated starch gels. VTR values were highest in foam samples containing solvents with high vapor pressures. Silicone oil-saturated gels had lower VTR and VP values as compared to the dry foam. However, the silicone oil gel did not markedly reduce the VP for 2-heptanone and an additional vapor barrier or coating was needed to adequately reduce the evaporation rate. The VP of films of beeswax, paraffin, ethylene vinyl alcohol, a fruit film, and a laminate comprised of beeswax and fruit film was measured. The fruit film had a relatively high VP for polar solvents and a very low VP for nonpolar solvents. The laminate film provided a low VP for polar and nonpolar solvents. Perforating the fruit film portion of the laminate provided a method of attaining the target flux rate of 2-heptanone. The results demonstrate that the vapor flux rate of biologically active solvents can be controlled using agricultural materials. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmg@pw.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3297 EP 3304 DI 10.1021/jf053262z PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900021 PM 16637688 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Reddy, KN Zablotowicz, RM Mengistu, A AF Bellaloui, N Reddy, KN Zablotowicz, RM Mengistu, A TI Simulated glyphosate drift influences nitrate assimilation and nitrogen fixation in non-glyphosate-resistant soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetylene reduction assay; glyphosate; nitrate assimilation; nitrate reductase activity; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase activity ID GLYCINE-MAX; HYDROXYBENZOIC ACIDS; VICIA-FABA; REDUCTASE; LEAVES; NODULES; PLANTS; DENITRIFICATION; GLUFOSINATE; INHIBITION AB Nontarget injury from glyphosate drift is a concern among growers using non-glyphosate-resistant (non-GR) cultivars. The effects of glyphosate drift on nitrate assimilation and nitrogen fixation potential, nodule mass, and yield of non-GR soybean were assessed in a field trial at Stoneville, MS. A non-GR soybean cultivar 'Delta Pine 4748S' was treated with glyphosate at 12.5% of use rate of 0.84 kg of active ingredient/ ha at 3 (V2), 6 (V7), and 8 (R2, full bloom) weeks after planting (WAP) soybean to simulate glyphosate drift. Untreated soybean was used as a control. Soybeans were sampled weekly for 2 weeks after each glyphosate treatment to assess nitrate assimilation and N2 fixation potential. Nitrate assimilation was assessed using in vivo nitrate reductase assay in leaves, stems, roots, and nodules. Nitrogen fixation potential was assessed by measuring nitrogenase activity using the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). Nitrogen content of leaves, shoots, and seed and soybean yield were also determined. In the first sampling date (4 WAP), glyphosate drift caused a significant decrease in NRA in leaves (60%), stems (77%), and nodules (50%), with no decrease in roots. At later growth stages, NRA in leaves was more sensitive to glyphosate drift than stems and roots. Nitrogenase activity was reduced 36-58% by glyphosate treatment at 3 or 6 WAP. However, glyphosate treatment at 8 WAP had no effect on nitrogenase activity. Nitrogen content was affected by glyphosate application only in shoots after the first application. No yield, seed nitrogen, protein, or oil concentration differences were detected. These results suggest that nitrate assimilation and nitrogen fixation potential were significantly reduced by glyphosate drift, with the greatest sensitivity early in vegetative growth. Soybean has the ability to recover from the physiological stress caused by glyphosate drift. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nbellaloui@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3357 EP 3364 DI 10.1021/jf0531981 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900029 PM 16637696 ER PT J AU Cleary, K McFeeters, RF AF Cleary, K McFeeters, RF TI Effects of oxygen and turmeric on the formation of oxidative aldehydes in fresh-pack dill pickles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; Curcuma longa; antioxidant; cucumber; acidified; anaerobic ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; STORAGE; CURCUMINOIDS; COMPONENTS; RANCIDITY; CUCUMBERS; PRODUCTS; BUTTER; GC/MS; LIGHT AB Hexanal, pentanal, and heptanal were found to be normal components of commercially processed, fresh-pack dill pickles. Hexanal and pentanal were present at concentrations severalfold higher than their odor detection thresholds. These aldehydes were also found in pickles that were packed in the laboratory under anaerobic conditions. Injection of oxygen into pickles prepared in anaerobic conditions resulted in the production of increasing the amounts of hexanal, heptanal, and pentanal. Hexanal, pentanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and heptanal levels were negatively correlated with the addition of turmeric in dill pickles with oxygen injected into the jar, indicating that the curcumin present in turmeric is an effective antioxidant in this product. At commercial coloring levels (250 mg/L), turmeric addition maintained aldehyde levels near the concentrations found in commercial fresh-pack pickles packaged in glass containers when oxygen was added in amounts comparable to that which would enter a plastic container during a 1-year storage period. Therefore, the addition of turmeric appears to be an effective approach to minimize the formation of oxidative off-flavors in pasteurized dill pickles that may result from the oxygen permeability of plastic containers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 3421 EP 3427 DI 10.1021/jf052868k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042JT UT WOS:000237524900036 PM 16637703 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Corella, D Demissie, S Cupples, A Adiconis, X Zhu, YP Parnell, LD Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Lai, CQ Corella, D Demissie, S Cupples, A Adiconis, X Zhu, YP Parnell, LD Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM TI Dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids modulates effect of apolipoprotein A5 gene on plasma fasting triglycerides, remnant lipoprotein concentrations, and lipoprotein particle size - The Framingham Heart Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE diet; fatty acids; genetics; lipids; lipoproteins ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; AV GENE; APOA5 LOCUS; C-III; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; LIPASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE AB Background - Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) variation is associated with plasma triglycerides (TGs). However, little is known about whether dietary fat modulates this association. Methods and Results - We investigated the interaction between APOA5 gene variation and dietary fat in determining plasma fasting TGs, remnant-like particle (RLP) concentrations, and lipoprotein particle size in 1001 men and 1147 women who were Framingham Heart Study participants. Polymorphisms -1131T > C and 56C > G, representing 2 independent haplotypes, were analyzed. Significant gene-diet interactions between the -1131T > C polymorphism and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake were found (P < 0.001) in determining fasting TGs, RLP concentrations, and particle size, but these interactions were not found for the 56C > G polymorphism. The -1131C allele was associated with higher fasting TGs and RLP concentrations (P < 0.01) in only the subjects consuming a high-PUFA diet (> 6% of total energy). No heterogeneity by sex was found. These interactions showed a dose-response effect when PUFA intake was considered as a continuous variable (P < 0.01). Similar interactions were found for the sizes of VLDL and LDL particles. Only in carriers of the -1131C allele did the size of these particles increase (VLDL) or decrease (LDL) as PUFA intake increased (P < 0.01). We further analyzed the effects of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and found that the PUFA - APOA5 interactions were specific for dietary n-6 fatty acids. Conclusions - Higher n-6 (but not n-3) PUFA intake increased fasting TGs, RLP concentrations, and VLDL size and decreased LDL size in APOA5-1131C carriers, suggesting that n-6 PUFA-rich diets are related to a more atherogenic lipid profile in these subjects. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM,USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, JM,USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM,USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chao.lai@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776, N01-HC-25195] NR 46 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 2 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 17 BP 2062 EP 2070 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.577296 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 038GV UT WOS:000237208100008 PM 16636175 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR Riedmuller, SB Mertens, JA Li, XL Bischoff, KM Qureshi, N Cotta, MA Farrelly, PJ AF Hughes, Stephen R. Riedmuller, Steven B. Mertens, Jeffrey A. Li, Xin-Liang Bischoff, Kenneth M. Qureshi, Nasib Cotta, Michael A. Farrelly, Philip J. TI High-throughput screening of cellulase F mutants from multiplexed plasmid sets using an automated plate assay on a functional proteomic robotic workcell SO PROTEOME SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PC-2 AB Background: The field of plasmid-based functional proteomics requires the rapid assay of proteins expressed from plasmid libraries. Automation is essential since large sets of mutant open reading frames are being cloned for evaluation. To date no integrated automated platform is available to carry out the entire process including production of plasmid libraries, expression of cloned genes, and functional testing of expressed proteins. Results: We used a functional proteomic assay in a multiplexed setting on an integrated plasmid-based robotic workcell for high-throughput screening of mutants of cellulase F, an endoglucanase from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2. This allowed us to identify plasmids containing optimized clones expressing mutants with improved activity at lower pH. A plasmid library of mutagenized clones of the celF gene with targeted variations in the last four codons was constructed by site-directed PCR mutagenesis and transformed into Escherichia coli. A robotic picker integrated into the workcell was used to inoculate medium in a 96-well deep well plate, combining the transformants into a multiplexed set in each well, and the plate was incubated on the workcell. Plasmids were prepared from the multiplexed culture on the liquid handler component of the workcell and used for in vitro transcription/translation. The multiplexed expressed recombinant proteins were screened for improved activity and stability in an azo-carboxymethylcellulose plate assay. The multiplexed wells containing mutants with improved activity were identified and linked back to the corresponding multiplexed cultures stored in glycerol. Spread plates were prepared from the glycerol stocks and the workcell was used to pick single colonies from the spread plates, prepare plasmid, produce recombinant protein, and assay for activity. The screening assay and subsequent deconvolution of the multiplexed wells resulted in identification of improved CelF mutants and corresponding optimized clones in expression-ready plasmids. Conclusion: The multiplex method using an integrated automated platform for high-throughput screening in a functional proteomic assay allows rapid identification of plasmids containing optimized clones ready for use in subsequent applications including transformations to produce improved strains or cell lines. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, BBC, Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, FBT, Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Hudson Control Grp, Springfield, NJ 07081 USA. RP Hughes, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, BBC, Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM hughessr@ncaur.usda.gov; sriedmuller@hudsoncontrol.com; mertensj@ncaur.usda.gov; lix@ncaur.usda.gov; bischoffk@ncaur.usda.gov; qureshin@ncaur.usda.gov; cottama@ncaur.usda.gov; pfarrelly@hudsoncontrol.com OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1477-5956 J9 PROTEOME SCI JI Proteome Sci. PD MAY 2 PY 2006 VL 4 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1477-5956-4-10 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 167RZ UT WOS:000246470100002 PM 16670026 ER PT J AU Schimmelpfennig, DE O'Donnell, CJ Norton, GW AF Schimmelpfennig, DE O'Donnell, CJ Norton, GW TI Efficiency effects of agricultural economics research in the United States SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE social science research impacts; Bayesian estimation ID US AGRICULTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; INEFFICIENCY; TECHNOLOGY; SPILLOVERS AB Allocations of research funds across programs are often made for efficiency reasons. Social science research is shown to have small, lagged but significant effects on U.S. agricultural efficiency when public agricultural R&D and extension are simultaneously taken into account. Farm management and marketing research variables are used to explain variations in estimates of allocative and technical efficiency using a Bayesian approach that incorporates stylized facts concerning lagged research impacts in a way that is less restrictive than popular polynomial distributed lags. Results are reported in terms of means and standard deviations of estimated probability distributions of parameters and long-run total multipliers. Extension is estimated to have a greater impact on both allocative and technical efficiency than either R&D or social science research. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Econ, CEPA, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Schimmelpfennig, DE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW,Room 4179, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM des@ers.usda.gov OI O'donnell, Colm/0000-0002-8004-450X NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0864.2006.00124.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 034EQ UT WOS:000236911700006 ER PT J AU Lozoya-Saldana, H Perales-Rosas, D Fernandez-Pavia, SP Grunwald, NJ AF Lozoya-Saldana, H Perales-Rosas, D Fernandez-Pavia, SP Grunwald, NJ TI Characterization of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary. II. Subpopulations obtained from wild Solanum species SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE isozymes; mating type; metalaxyl resistance ID MATING-TYPE; METALAXYL RESISTANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TOLUCA VALLEY; IDENTIFICATION; POTATO; MEXICO; MIGRATION AB In the summer of 2000, isolates from natural infections of P. infestans (P.i.) were obtained from six wild species of Solanum planted ex-profeso under rainfed conditions in the Toluca Valley of Mexico to determine possible host-pathogen specificity and for characterization regarding mating type (MT; A1, A2), sensitivity to metalaxyl, and the presence of allozymes of glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase (Gpi) and peptidase (Pep). Solanum phureja and S. acaule presented diverse degrees of severity of the disease among individuals of each population. The rest of the species was uniformly resistant to the pathogen. Of 24 isolates from S. phureja, 13 multilocus genotypes were detected, the most frequent of which was the A2 100/100 Gpi and 100/100 Pep (22%) and an A1:A2 ratio of 0.6:1. Nine multilocus genotypes were found in the population of P.i. obtained from S. acaule. The most common one was also A2, 100/100 Gpi and 100/100 Pep (22% of such population too), with a NIT proportion of 1:1. In S. bulbocastanum, no particular genotype was more common, and the only MT was A1, nor was there a more frequent genotype found in S. caripense, where the proportion of MT AI:A2 was 0.25:1. The only genotype recovered from S. muticatum was A1 86/11, 92/100 (Gpi, Pep), corresponding to US1. The two isolates from S. andreanum were A1. 86/100 Gpi and 100/100 Pep. Solanum phureja and S. acaule had the greatest frequency of isolates highly resistant to metalaxyl, and to a lesser degree of resistance those of S. caripense and S. muricatum. The isolates from S. bulbocastanum and S. andreanum, two species resistant to P.i., were A1 and susceptible to metalaxyl. All of the homothallic isolates were highly resistant to metalaxyl, and host-pathogen specificity, was observed only in S. muricatum. C1 Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecn, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Parasitol Agricola, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. Univ Michoacana San Nicola Hidalgo, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Tarimbaro, Michoacan, Mexico. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lozoya-Saldana, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecn, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. EM lozoya@correo.chapingo.mx RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 046DN UT WOS:000237791700005 ER PT J AU Diaz-Nunez, V Sanchez-Martinez, G Gillette, NE AF Diaz-Nunez, V Sanchez-Martinez, G Gillette, NE TI Response of Dendroctonus mexicanus (Hopkins) to two optical isomers of verbenone SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus mexicanus; bark beetles; pheromones; semiochemicals ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; ATTRACTANT-BAITED TRAPS; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONES; DISRUPTION AB Given the need of diminishing the use of pesticides in natural environments, in this research it was investigated the effectivity of two optical isomers of verbenone (4, 6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hepto-3-en-e-1) as controls of the attack of Dendroctonus mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Two experiments were established in the Sierra Fria, in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments: 1) frontalin+alpha-pinene (control), 2) frontalin+alpha-pinene+(+) verbenone and 3) frontalin+alpha-pinene+(-) verbenone, with six replications per treatment. The pheromones were placed on Lindgren funnel traps of 12 units. The experimental units were individual traps which were installed forming a grid of 70x70 m (18 traps). The response variable was the total number of bark beetles (D. mexicanus) captured per treatment. Data were analyzed through an analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p <= 0.05). In both experiments there were significant differences among treatments (p <= 0.05). Frontalin+alpha-pinene attracted D. mexicanus in a significant way, but both isomers of verbenone had the same anti-aggregation effect for this species. C1 Univ Autonoma Aguascalientes, Ctr Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mexico City 20100, DF, Mexico. CIRNOC, INIFAP, Mexico City 20660, DF, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Diaz-Nunez, V (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Aguascalientes, Ctr Ciencias Agropecuarias, Avendia Univ 940,Colonia Primo Verdad, Mexico City 20100, DF, Mexico. EM vdiaz_ing@yahoo.com; sanchezm.guillermo@inifap.gob.mx; ngillette@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 046DN UT WOS:000237791700007 ER PT J AU Clay, DE Carlson, CG Clay, SA Reese, C Liu, Z Chang, J Ellsbury, MM AF Clay, DE Carlson, CG Clay, SA Reese, C Liu, Z Chang, J Ellsbury, MM TI Theoretical derivation of stable and nonisotopic approaches for assessing soil organic carbon turnover SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ISOTOPIC DISCRIMINATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CONTINUOUS CORN; C-13 ABUNDANCE; RESIDUE; TILLAGE; MATTER; DECOMPOSITION; CROP AB Techniques for measuring soil organic C (SOC) turnover in production fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to propose and test nonisotopic and C-13 stable isotopic techniques for assessing SOC turnover. Based on SOC equilibrium and mass balance relationships, an equation was derived: NHC/SOCinitial = [1/(SOC X k(NHC))] (dSOC/dt) + k(SOC)/k(NHC), where dSOC/dt is the annual change in SOC, NHC is nonharvested C returned to soil, k(SOC) is the annual mineralization rate of SOC, and kNHC is the annual mineralization rate of NHC. This equation was used to calculate maintenance rates. An isotopic approach based on simultaneously solving the equations was developed to determine C budgets: (i) SOCretained = [SOCfinal (Delta(soil final) - Delta(PCR))/(Delta SOCretained - Delta(PCR))]; (ii) Delta SOCretained = Delta(soc initial) - [epsilon In(SOCretained /SOCinitial)], (iii) Delta(PCR) = Delta(NHC) - [epsilon In(PCR/NHC)]; and (iv) SOCfinal = SOCretained + PCRincorp , where epsilon is the Rayleigh fractionation constant, PCRincorp is the amount of NHC incorporated into SOCfinal with Delta(PCR) being the associated C-13 discrimination (A) value, and SOCretained is the amount of SOCinitial retained in the soil after mineralization with Delta(SOC retained) being the associated A value. Isotopic and nonisotopic approaches were tested on a production field where aboveground corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] yields were measured with a yield monitor and soil samples collected from a slightly offset grid (30 m) in 1995 and 2003 were analyzed for organic C and Delta. The nonisotopic approach showed that maintenance rates increased with SOC and that an accurate measure of NHC was required to calculate maintenance requirements. Sensitivity analysis of the isotopic approach showed that calculated budgets were sensitive to C-13 discrimination during SOC mineralization. If C-13 discrimination during SOC and NHC mineralization did not occur (epsilon = 0), then 14.9 and 7.6% of the SOC measured in 1995 (SOCinitial) was mineralized, and 7420 and 2780 kg C ha(-1) of NHC were incorporated into SOCfinal in the 523.4- to 527.3- and 527.3- to 529.2-m elevation zones, respectively. If C-13 discrimination occurred (epsilon = -2.52 parts per thousand) during SOC mineralization, then the calculated amount of SOC mineralized and the amount of new C incorporated into SOC were reduced. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insect Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Clay, DE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.clay@sdstate.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0066 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600005 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Howell, TA AF Baumhardt, RL Howell, TA TI Seeding practices, cultivar maturity, and irrigation effects on simulated grain sorghum yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-USE; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is adapted for use in dryland and irrigated cropping systems on the southern High Plains, Irrigation in this region relies on the declining Ogallala aquifer, and applications are transitioning from full to deficit evapotranspiration replacement. Our objective was to identify optimum planting date, population, row spacing, and cultivar maturity combinations to maximize grain sorghum yield using the SORKAM model and long-term (1958-1999) weather records at Bushland, TX, for a Pullman soil (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) with reduced irrigation. Grain sorghum growth and yield was simulated under dryland and deficit- or full-irrigation conditions (rain + irrigation = 2.5 or 5.0 mm d(-1)) for all combinations of planting date (15 May, 5 June, 25 June), cultivar maturity (early, 95 d; medium, 105 d; late, 120 d), population (12 and 16 plants m(-2)), and row spacing (0.38 and 0.76 m). Simulated grain yield was unaffected by planting population but increased 7% for narrow compared with wide row spacing independent of other treatment effects. Results suggest two alternative management practices to optimize yield for the southern High Plains depending on potential irrigation capacity: (i) where rain plus supplemental irrigation was < 0.2.5 mm d(-1), plant early-maturing cultivars during June and (ii) where rain plus supplemental irrigation approaches 5.0 min d(-1), plant late-maturing cultivars on 15 May. Early-maturity cultivars planted on 5 June were better adapted to dryland and deficit irrigation for optimum grain yield on a southern High Plains Pullman soil. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM rlbaumhardt@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0156 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600007 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Hurley, EG Andrews, SS Cambardella, CA Meek, DW Duffy, MD Mallarino, AP AF Karlen, DL Hurley, EG Andrews, SS Cambardella, CA Meek, DW Duffy, MD Mallarino, AP TI Crop rotation effects on soil quality at three northern corn/soybean belt locations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIRECT EXTRACTION METHOD; MICROBIAL-C; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS AB Do extended crop rotations that include forages improve soil quality and are they profitable? Our objectives were to determine (i) how crop rotation affected soil quality indicators, (ii) if those indicator changes were reflected in soil quality index (SQI) ratings when scored and combined using the Soil Management Assessment Framework, and (iii) how SQI values compared with profitability. Soil samples were collected from three long-term studies in Iowa and one in Wisconsin. Bulk density (BD), soil pH, water-stable macroaggregation, total organic C, total N, microbial biomass C, extractable P and K, and penetration resistance were measured. The indicator data were scored using nonlinear curves reflecting performance of critical soil functions (e.g., nutrient cycling, water partitioning and storage, and plant root growth). Profit was calculated by subtracting costs of production from potential income based on actual crop yields and the 20-yr average nongovernment-supported commodity prices. Extended rotations had a positive effect on soil quality indicators. Total organic C was the most sensitive indicator, showing significant measured and scored differences at all locations, while BD showed significant differences at only one location (Kanawha). The lowest SQI values and 20-yr average profit were associated with continuous corn, while extended rotations that included at least 3 yr of forage crops had the highest SQI values. We suggest that future conservation policies and programs reward more diverse and extended crop rotations, as is being done through the Conservation Security Program. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Cent Tech Coll, Wausau, WI 54401 USA. USDA ARS, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Karlen@nstl.gov NR 43 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 6 U2 59 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0098 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600009 ER PT J AU Kumar, K Rosen, CJ Russelle, MP AF Kumar, K Rosen, CJ Russelle, MP TI Enhanced protease inhibitor expression in plant residues slows nitrogen mineralization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; CROP RESIDUES; DIFFUSION METHOD; BRASSICA-NAPUS; N-15 ANALYSIS; SOIL; TOBACCO; DECOMPOSITION; EXTRACTS; KINETICS AB Organic N mineralization by extracellular proteases affects inorganic N availability and loss. Soil N mineralization is slowed by addition of purified protease inhibitors. We hypothesized that elevated concentrations of protease inhibitors in plant residues would reduce soil and plant residue N mineralization. Isogenic controls and transgenic plants of Brassica (Brassica napus L.), Japonicum rice (Oryza sativa L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) showing enhanced wound-inducible protease inhibitor production were grown in a greenhouse, and leaves were mechanically wounded 3 d before shoot removal. Transgenic plants and their isogenic controls did not differ in N concentration, C/N ratio, or lignin concentration in shoot residues, but protease inhibitor concentration was 1.5 to 2.3 times greater in the transgenic lines. In laboratory incubations in a loamy sand soil, inorganic N in leachate from transgenic plants was significantly lower than isogenic controls for the first 30 d when the residues remained on the soil surface and were higher at one or more dates thereafter. When residues were mixed with soil, differences were observed only for Brassica. Cumulative N mineralization in static incubations of residues mixed with soil followed the order Brassica > tobacco > rice residues. In general, transgenic residues mineralized between 22 and 27% less N than control plant residues in the first 30 d, but no differences in soil N mineralization were detected. Thus, protease inhibitor concentration of plant residues should be included with measures of total N concentration, C/N ratio, and lignin concentration to improve prediction and potentially management of short-term N mineralization from plant residues. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Res & Dev, Cicero, IL 60804 USA. RP Kumar, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kuldip.kumar@mwrd.org RI Rosen, Carl/L-2622-2013 OI Rosen, Carl/0000-0002-0098-2230 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 514 EP 521 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0261 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600012 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Shillito, RM Timlin, DJ Kim, SH Reddy, VR AF Fleisher, David H. Shillito, Rose M. Timlin, Dennis J. Kim, Soo-Hyung Reddy, Vangimalla R. TI Approaches to modeling potato leaf appearance rate SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PHYLLOCHRON; INITIATION; LEAVES; FIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENT; EMERGENCE AB Two approaches quantifying potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kennebec) leaf appearance rates were evaluated: a thermal time approach using the phyllochron, and a nonlinear temperature response approach using a modified beta distribution function. Leaf appearance measurements at six temperature treatments (14/10, 17/12,20/15,23/18, 28/23, and 34/29 degrees C thermoperiods with a 16/8 h cycle) were obtained from three SPAR (soil-plant-atmosphere-research) chamber experiments at 450 (DO), 370 (D1), or 740 (D2) mu mol mol(-1) atmospheric CO(2) concentration. Independent data from a field study and the literature were obtained. The [CO(2)] effects on leaf appearance rate were not significant (P : 0.05). Leaf appearance rate increased from 12 to 27.2 degrees C and declined with increasing temperature for all SPAR data except D2. Data from D0 and D1 were pooled to estimate model parameters. Phyllochrons of 28.2 and 24.3 degrees C-d leaf(-1) (4 degrees C base temperature) were obtained with all temperature treatments and without the 34/29 degrees C treatment, respectively. Parameters for the modified P distribution function were 39.5 degrees C for the ceiling temperature, 27.2 degrees C for the optimum temperature at which the leaf appearance rate is maximum, and 0.96 leaves plant(-1) d(-1) for the maximum leaf appearance rate. Both approaches were comparable with values reported in the literature and were suitable for simulating leaf appearance in the field study (root mean square deviations of 3.2 and 2.6 leaves for thermal time and response function, respectively). The temperature function approach has advantages in that nonlinear relationships, particularly those at warmer temperatures, can be included in a single equation with biologically meaningful parameters. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dfleishe@asrr.arsusda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.2134/agronj2055.0136 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600013 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Burmester, CH Curtis, LM AF Balkcom, KS Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Burmester, CH Curtis, LM TI Cotton yield and fiber quality from irrigated tillage systems in the Tennessee Valley SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOILS; COMPONENTS; PLACEMENT; COVER AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and quality responses to irrigation have not been described for conservation management systems that growers are rapidly adopting. We conducted a field experiment from 2001-2003 in the Tennessee Valley near Belle Mina, AL on a Decatur silt loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults) to examine how irrigation regimes and tillage systems affect ginning percentage, lint yield, and fiber quality (length, micronaire, strength, and fiber length uniformity). Treatments were arranged with a splitplot structure in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were a factorial combination of conventional tillage (CT) with and without a fall paratill operation and no surface tillage (NST) following a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop with and without a fall paratill operation. Subplots were irrigation regimes (0, 2.7, 5.4, and 8.1 nun d(-1)). Ginning percentage increased 2% following CT in 1 of 3 yr (2002) while irrigation improved ginning percentage in 2 of 3 yr (2002 and 2003). The NST systems increased lint yields 13% in 2003 compared with CT systems while irrigation increased yields 46 and 32% over nonirrigated yields in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Fiber properties were affected by tillage systems, primarily in 2002. Irrigation regimes affected length, micronaire, and fiber length uniformity in 2002 and 2003. Fall paratifling had no effect on any measured variable, except for an inconsistent difference between tillage systems for fiber length uniformity. An irrigated conservation system, utilizing a cover crop, can improve cotton yields and positively influence fiber characteristics in the Tennessee Valley. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resourc Conserv Cent, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36844 USA. Tennessee Valley Res & Expt Stn, Belle Mina, AL 35615 USA. Dept Agr Engn, Auburn, AL 36844 USA. RP Balkcom, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM kbalkcom@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 596 EP 602 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0219 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600022 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Gilbert, RA AF Glaz, B Gilbert, RA TI Sugarcane response to water table, periodic flood, and foliar nitrogen on organic soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; REGISTRATION; HISTOSOLS AB Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is routinely exposed to periodic floods and high water tables in Florida's Everglades Agricultural Area. Learning sugarcane responses to these conditions will help improve yields. This study evaluated the effects of constant water-table depths, periodic floods, and N on cane and sucrose yields of two sugarcane cultivars. In 2001 and 2002, two foliar N and four water treatments were applied to the first two crop-growth cycles (plant and first-ratoon crops) of 'CP 72-2086' and 'CP 80-1827' in lysimeters filled with Pahokee muck soil. Constant water-table depths were 23,37, and 51 cm. A fourth treatment was flooding for 2 d in each of eight 14-d cycles per year, otherwise its water-table depth was 44 cm. Foliar N did not consistently affect yields. In nonflooded treatments across cultivars and crop growth cycles, for every centimeter increase in water-table depth, theoretical recoverable sucrose decreased by 0.13 g kg(-1), and cane and sucrose yields increased by 0.16 and 0.02 kg m(-2), respectively. By cultivar and crop-growth cycle, the only significant linear responses to nonflooded water-table treatments were in the first-ratoon crop, where for each centimeter increase in water-table depth, cane and sucrose yields increased by 0.38 and 0.04 kg m(-2), respectively. Periodic flooding increased cane and sucrose yields in the plant crop and sustained or improved these yields in the first-ratoon crop. After rains, allowing floods to remain for up to 2 d may improve yields and reduce P discharge to the Everglades. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0232 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600024 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Allmaras, RR Reicosky, DC AF Johnson, J. M. -F. Allmaras, R. R. Reicosky, D. C. TI Estimating source carbon from crop residues, roots and rhizodeposits using the national grain-yield database SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEASON SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; LUPINUS-ALBUS L; ZEA-MAYS L.; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; FIELD CONDITIONS; CONTINUOUS CORN AB Crop residue management received little attention until about 1970. Records of crop residue production, are limited, but crop yield databases have been available since 1865. Carbon sequestration and other conservation benefits require a detailed knowledge of crop residue production and management. Our objectives are to: (i) review grain and biomass yield, harvest index (RI), and root C/shoot C ratios (k) of major grain crops in the USA; (ii) discuss historical agricultural-practice impacts on soil organic C (SOC); and (iii) compare estimates of total (above- and belowground) source C production (ESC) relative to minimum source C inputs required to maintain SOC (MSC). Aboveground MSC input iveraged 2.5 +/- 1.0 Mg C ha(-1)yr(-1) (n = 13) based on moldboard plow sites and 1.8 +/- 0.44 Mg C ha(-1)yr(-1) (n = 5) based on no-till and chisel plow sites. These MSC values included only aboveground source C, thus underestimate the total MSC. When ESC is estimated from k, including rhizodeposition (k(rec)), the true magnitude of the C cycle is at least twice that when ESC is estimated using k excluding rhizodeposition (k(his)). Neglecting rhizodeposition C underestimates the net production of C in cropland. Current yields and measured MSC predict continued SOC loss associated with soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production management unless conservation tillage is used and ESC is increased. The adequacies of ESC to maintain SOC has direct implications for estimating the amount of crop residue that can be harvested and yet maintain SOC. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jjohnson@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 165 TC 231 Z9 243 U1 19 U2 107 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 622 EP 636 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0179 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600025 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, DA Radcliffe, DE Steiner, JL Cabrera, ML Endale, DM Hoogenboom, G AF Abrahamson, D. A. Radcliffe, D. E. Steiner, J. L. Cabrera, M. L. Endale, D. M. Hoogenboom, G. TI Evaluation of the RZWQM for simulating tile drainage and leached nitrate in the Georgia piedmont SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER COVER CROPS; VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; WATER-QUALITY MODEL; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOIL-WATER; NITROGEN; YIELD; CORN; MANAGEMENT AB Models have become an important tool for evaluating the impact of agricultural management practices on water quality. We evaluated the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM version 1.3.2004.213), for simulating the drainage and NO3 leaching under conventional and notillage management practices in cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) production and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover cropping practices in a Cecil (kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kanhapludult) soil in Georgia, USA. We calibrated the model for the drainage and NO3 leaching in maize (Zea mays L.) production and for cotton development and water use in a previous study based on experimental data collected from 1992 through 1993 at Watkinsville, GA. For the current study, we used an independent data set collected from 1997 through 2000. Differences in measured and simulated the drainage were 926 mm in conventional tillage and 712 mm in no-tillage treatments. Measured and simulated values of leached NO3 were different by 62 and 73 kg harespectively, for the two tillage treatments. Some of the differences in simulated drainage compared with the calibration study could be attributed to differences in simulated evapotranspiration and runoff. Comparing the simulated and calculated water balances and winter rye production of the calibration study with the current study, however, the effects of winter cover cropping practices during the 4-yr period at the study site since the model was calibrated have affected the amount of soil water available for drainage and NO3 leaching at the depth of the drains. C1 USDA ARS, JPCNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, GRL, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Abrahamson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, JPCNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dstark@uga.edu RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 644 EP 654 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0074 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600027 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Adamczyk, JJ AF Pettigrew, WT Adamczyk, JJ TI Nitrogen fertility and planting date effects on lint yield and Cry1Ac (Bt) endotoxin production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COTTON AB Early planted cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and varieties expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene offer improved yield potential. It is not clear whether the current N recommendations remain appropriate for these new production options. The objectives were to determine how varying rates, application timing, and sources of N affected cotton dry matter partitioning, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) concentration, leaf Bt (Cry1Ac) endotoxin concentration, lint yield, and fiber quality. Four N treatments (112 kg N ha(-1) anhydrous; 112 kg N ha(-1) liquid; 112/56 kg N ha(-1) split; 56/56 kg N ha(-1) split) were applied to three cotton varieties (PM 1218BR, STV 4691B, and FM 832) planted on either an early or normal planting date from 2001 through 2004. The N response was consistent across planting dates and varieties for all data collected as shown by the lack of any interactions with these variables. Although N treatments had no effect on lint yield or any dry matter partitioning components, plants receiving the 112/56 kg N ha(-1) split application treatment exhibited 14% greater leaf Cry1Ac concentration and a 3% greater leaf Chl concentration than the other N treatments. Early planted cotton had 5% greater leaf Chl concentration but a 12% lower leaf Cry1Ac concentration than normal planted cotton. Lower Cry1Ac levels may reflect enhanced remobilization of the leaf protein to feed the faster developing boll load of the early planted cotton. Early planted cotton yielded 10% more than normal planted cotton because it produced 9% more bolls. Current N recommendations for normal planted cotton also appear sufficient for early planted cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0327 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600032 ER PT J AU Cassida, KA Stewart, CB Haby, VA Gunter, SA AF Cassida, KA Stewart, CB Haby, VA Gunter, SA TI Alfalfa as an alternative to bermudagrass for pastured stocker cattle systems in the southern USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAZING-TOLERANT ALFALFA; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; STEER PERFORMANCE; DIGESTIBILITY; PERSISTENCE; QUALITY; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may support better stocker calf gains than common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylis (L.) Pers.] in the southern USA. Yearling heifers (Bos taurus X R indicus) grazed each type of pasture for 2 yr on a Coastal Plain soil in southwest Arkansas. Alfalfa stand counts declined linearly with time after planting. Spring forage mass was greater for alfalfa than bermudagrass, but summer dormancy of alfalfa resulted in a summer forage mass advantage for beriumdagrass. Bermudagrass provided a longer grazing season (115168 d for bermudagrass vs. 66-156 d for alfalfa, P < 0.01), more animal grazing days (1040-1452 vs. 594-1221 d, P < 0.01), and fewer grazing interruptions than alfalfa. Average daily gain (ADG, 462 vs. 319 g d(-1), P < 0.05) and total liveweight gain (664 vs. 447 kg ha(-1), P < 0.05) were greater for alfalfa than bermudagrass in Year 2. In both years, heifers grazing alfalfa made the same amount of liveweight gain in less time than heifers grazing bermudagrass. The bermudagrass system had a negative net return across the trial period. Net return for the alfalfa system was dependent on the value of harvested hay. When alfalfa hay value reached $95 Mg-1 of dry matter (DM), net return was greater for the alfalfa system than for the bermudagrass system ($59 vs. $-148 ha(-1), P < 0.05). On a Coastal Plain soil, renovation of common bermudagrass to alfalfa pasture can be economically feasible under a dual stocker/hay production system. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Univ Arkansas, SW Res & Ext Ctr, Div Agr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Overton, TX 75684 USA. RP Cassida, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM kim.cassida@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 705 EP 713 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0081 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600034 ER PT J AU Xiao, W Yu, Q Flerchinger, GN Zheng, YF AF Xiao, W Yu, Q Flerchinger, GN Zheng, YF TI Evaluation of SHAW model in simulating energy balance, leaf temperature, and micrometeorological variables within a maize canopy SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE-TRANSFER MODELS; SOIL SURFACE; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; VEGETATION; WATER; TURBULENCE; CROP AB Understanding and simulating plant canopy conditions can assist in better acknowledgment of plant microclimate characteristics, its effect on plant processes, and the influence of management and climate scenarios. The ability of the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model to simulate the surface energy balance and profiles of leaf temperature and micrometeorological variables within a maize canopy and the underlying soil temperatures was tested using data collected during 1999 and 2003 at Yucheng, in the North China Plain. The SHAW model simulates the near-surface heat and water movement driven by input meteorological variables and observed plant characteristic (leaf area index [LAI], height, and rooting depth). For 1999, the model accurately simulated air temperature and relative humidity in the upper one-third of the canopy, but overpredicted midday temperature in the lower canopy. For 2001, although the surface energy balance was simulated quite well, radiometric canopy surface temperature and midday leaf temperature in the upper portion of the canopy were overpredicted, by approximately 5 degrees C. Model efficiency (the fraction of variation in observed values explained by the model) for leaf temperature in the lower two-thirds of the canopy ranged from 0.82 to 0.90, but fell to 0.38 for the uppermost canopy layer. Weaknesses in the model were identified and potentially include: the use of K-theory to simulate turbulent transfer within the canopy; and simplifying assumptions with regard to long-wave radiation transfer within the canopy. Model modifications are planned to address these weaknesses. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gflerchi@nwrc.ars.usda.gov RI Xiao, Wei/G-6586-2012; Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Xiao, Wei/0000-0002-9199-2177; Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 722 EP 729 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0126 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600036 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA Evett, SR AF Tolk, JA Howell, TA Evett, SR TI Nighttime evapotranspiration from alfalfa and cotton in a semiarid climate SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS; IRRIGATED ALFALFA; WATER-USE; EVAPORATION; BALANCE; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; LYSIMETERS AB Nighttime evapotranspiration (ETN) has typically been neglected in estimating water loss from land surfaces. Our objective was to quantify the contribution of ETN to daily (24-h) ET (ET24) of irrigated and dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in a semiarid climate. The results were then examined using a Penman-Monteith ET model which separates control of ET into its radiation (equilibrium) and atmospheric demand (imposed) components. Nighttime ET was measured at Bushland, TX using weighing lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) for alfalfa in 1998 and cotton in 2001. Measured ratios of ETN to ET24 ranged from an average of 3% for a dryland cotton crop to 7.2% for irrigated alfalfa over a season. In the largest events, ETN was as much as 12% of ET24 with single nighttime losses approaching 2 mm. Model calculations showed that virtually all ETN was the result of imposed atmospheric conditions, primarily vapor pressure deficit. However, ETN was also related to sensible heat transfer to the canopy. Nighttime ET can be an important part of total ET of irrigated crops in a semiarid environment. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM jtolk@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 730 EP 736 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0276 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600037 ER PT J AU Contreras-Govea, FE Albrecht, KA Muck, RE AF Contreras-Govea, FE Albrecht, KA Muck, RE TI Spring yield and silage characteristics of kura clover, winter wheat, and in mixtures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE LEGUMES; ALFALFA SILAGE; SMALL GRAINS; RED-CLOVER; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; PROTEOLYSIS; QUALITY; ENSILAGE; RYEGRASS AB Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) grown in monoculture is difficult to harvest mechanically because of its decumbent growth habit, and legumes in general have poor ensiling characteristics. Our objectives were to assess forage yield, nutritive value, and silage characteristics of kura clover-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mixtures to determine usefulness as a silage crop. 'Cardinal' winter wheat was sown in monoculture and into an 'Endura' kura clover sward in autumn at two locations and in 2 yr, and harvested at wheat boot and milk stages the following spring. Sole kura clover was harvested at the same time as winter wheat and mixtures. In addition, two mixtures of kura clover with winter wheat were created at each harvest by blending desired proportions from crops grown in monoculture. The mixture of kura clover with winter wheat yielded 7.4 Mg dry matter (DM) ha(-1) while sole kura clover yielded 3.4 Mg DM ha(-1) and sole winter wheat 9.05 Mg DM ha(-1). However, kura clover yield in the binary mixture was similar to sole kura clover. Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations were lower in kura clover than winter wheat and intermediate in mixtures. Fermented mixtures had similar pH to sole winter wheat (pH 3.8) and lower than sole kura clover (pH 4.1). The proportion of total N recovered as nonprotein N in silage was 9% lower in kura clover and in mixtures than in winter wheat. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of wilted forage were higher in mixtures than sole kura clover (157 vs. 105 g kg(-1) DM), and mixtures had lower WSC than sole winter wheat (198 g kg(-1) DM). Lactate concentration was 13% higher in silage from mixtures than sole kura clover. Spring forage production of kura clover-winter wheat mixtures was greater than sole kura clover, possessed adequate nutritive value for high-producing livestock, and mixture silage characteristics were better than sole kura clover. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Albrecht, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kaalbrec@wisc.edu NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 781 EP 787 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0248 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600043 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Ferguson, JC AF Tarara, JM Ferguson, JC TI Two algorithms for variable power control of heat-balance sap flow gauges under high flow rates SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HERBACEOUS PLANTS; TROPICAL VINES; APPLE-TREES; MASS-FLOW; WOODY; STEMS; GRAPEVINES; TRANSPIRATION; WATER AB The advantages of variable power control for heat-balance sap flow gauges are evident under high flow rates (e.g., > 600 g h(-1)) where high rates of power must be applied. Under the very high flow rates (e.g., 1500-4000 g h(-1)) of mature grapevines (Vitis spp.), we evaluated two algorithms to control the power applied to heat-balance sap flow gauges, and thus the temperature difference (Delta T) above and below gauge heaters: (i) a proportional-derivative (PD) algorithm and (ii) an open-loop controller following the theoretical diurnal course of irradiance. The PD algorithm was tuned for expected maximum flow rates and could keep Delta T within 0.1 degrees C of its daytime (0800-1800 h) target value. Over 21 d, mean daytime Delta T was 1.32 +/- 0.001 degrees C (s.e.m.) for an 18-gauge system. The algorithm was unstable early in the morning and in the evening as rates of sap flow were below those for which the algorithm had been tuned. In the open-loop algorithm, power output was programmed to change according to a sine curve tied to daylength. In well-watered vines, the power curve mimicked actual sap flow patterns. As flow rates varied it accommodated the changing dead time of the system, which is the delay or time required before any change in Delta T occurs. Daytime Delta T varied sinusoidally with a typical amplitude of 0.5 to 1.0 degrees C. The coefficient of variation in daytime Delta T appeared to be higher (16-26%) under the open-loop algorithm than under the PD algorithm (5-13%). Under weekly cycles of deficit irrigation, the variance in daytime Delta T increased with the number of days after irrigation, suggesting that the open-loop algorithm might best be applied when the stem energy balance includes an estimate of heat storage. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 830 EP 838 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0252 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 047GK UT WOS:000237867600050 ER PT J AU Paine, MF Widmer, WW Hart, HL Pusek, SN Beavers, KL Criss, AB Brown, SS Thomas, BF Watkins, PB AF Paine, MF Widmer, WW Hart, HL Pusek, SN Beavers, KL Criss, AB Brown, SS Thomas, BF Watkins, PB TI A furanocoumarin-free grapefruit juice establishes furanocoumarins as the mediators of the grapefruit juice-felodipine interaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE grapefruit juice; CYP3A4; metabolism; drugs; interaction; intestine; first-pass metabolism; felodipine; furanocoumarins ID INTESTINAL CYP3A4 INHIBITION; POLYPEPTIDE OATP-B; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; ORAL AVAILABILITY; CACO-2 CELLS; ORANGE JUICE; COMPONENTS DIFFER; DRUG-INTERACTION; CITRUS JUICES AB Background: Grapefruit juice (GFJ) enhances the systemic exposure of numerous CYP3A4 drug substrates, including felodipine, by inhibiting intestinal (but not hepatic) first-pass metabolism. Furano-coumarins have been identified as major CYP3A4 inhibitors contained in the juice, but their contribution to the GFJ effect in vivo remains unclear. Objective: To ascertain whether furano-coumarins mediate the GFJ-felodipine interaction, a furanocoumarin-free GFJ was created and tested against orange juice and the original GFJ with respect to the oral pharmacokinetics of felodipine. Design: With the use of food-grade solvents and absorption resins, furanocoumarins were removed (approximate to 99%) from whole GFJ, whereas other major ingredients (flavonoids) were retained. In an open, 3-way, randomized crossover design, 18 healthy volunteers ingested felodipine (10 mg) with 1 of the 3 juices (240 mL). Blood was collected over 24 h. At least 1 wk elapsed between juice treatments. Results: The median and range of the area under the curve and the maximum concentration of felodipine were significantly (P < 0.001) greater with consumption of GFJ [110 (range: 58-270) nmol (.) h/L and 21 (7.6-50) nmol/L, respectively] than with that of orange juice [54 (29-150) nmol (.) h/L and 7.6 (3.4-13.9) nmol/L, respectively] or furanocoumarin-free GFJ [48 (23-120) nmol (.) h/L and 8.3 (3.0-16.6) nmol/L, respectively]. GFJ, orange juice, and furanocoumarin-free GFJ did not differ significantly (P > 0.09) in median time to reach maximum plasma concentration [2.5 (1.5-6), 2.8 (1.5-4), and 2.5 (2-6) h, respectively] or terminal half-life [6.6 (4.2-13.6), 7.8 (4.4-13.2), and 6.8 (2.6-14.4) h, respectively]. Conclusion: Furanocoumarins are the active ingredients in GFJ responsible for enhancing the systemic exposure of felodipine and probably other CYP3A4 substrates that undergo extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Watkins, PB (reprint author), UNC Hosp, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Room 3005 Bldg APCF,CB 7600, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pbwatkins@med.unc.edu OI Thomas, Brian/0000-0002-0097-4804 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00046]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-38149] NR 40 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1105 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044MT UT WOS:000237677300015 PM 16685052 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Kruzich, LA Douglas, SD Aldrovandi, GM Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Kruzich, LA Douglas, SD Aldrovandi, GM Wilson, CM TI Vitamin D status in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin D; HIV infection; dietary intake; adolescents; race ID HIGH-RISK; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; WHITE WOMEN; BONE HEALTH; PREVALENCE; DEFICIENCY; AMERICAN; SUNLIGHT AB Background: Vitamin D status affects immune function and thus may affect the progress of HIV infection. Objectives: Our goals were to assess vitamin D intake and status in subjects with HIV infection and in matched control subjects and to determine whether HIV infection was associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Design: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and vitamin D intake were measured in a cross-sectional study of members of the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Health (REACH) cohort. Results: The subjects were aged 14-23 y; 74% were female, and 72% were black. Mean (+/- SE) vitamin D intake from food was 30% greater (P = 0.023) in HIV-positive subjects (295 +/- 18 IU/d; n = 237) than in HIV-negative subjects (227 26 IU/d; n = 121). The prevalence of vitamin D supplement use was 29% (104 of 358 subjects) and did not differ significantly by HIV status (P = 0.87). Mean plasma 25(OH)D did not differ significantly (P = 0.62) between the HIV-positive (20.3 +/- 1.1 nmol/L; n = 238) and HIV-negative (19.3 +/- 1.7 nmol/L; n 121) subjects, nor was HIV status a significant predictor of plasma 25(OH)D when multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for other variables. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency [plasma 25(OH)D <= 37.5 nmol/L] in the subjects was 87% (312 of 359 subjects). Conclusions: HIV infection did not influence vitamin D status. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative REACH subjects was high, perhaps because these disadvantaged, largely urban youth have limited sun exposure. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. Childrens Hosp Penn, Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst, Div Allergy & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Saban Res Inst, Childrens Hosp, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 3243 Meyer Hall, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD040474, U01 HD040533, U01-HD32830]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD00222-01] NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1135 EP 1141 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044MT UT WOS:000237677300020 PM 16685057 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Milton, RC Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Milton, Roy C. Gensler, Gary Taylor, Allen TI Dietary carbohydrate intake and glycemic index in relation to cortical and nuclear lens opacities in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cataract; lens; nutrition; carbohydrate; glycemic index; glycation; aging; stress; epidemiology; humans; risk factor ID BEAVER DAM EYE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; RISK-FACTORS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SENILE CATARACT; BARBADOS EYE; PREVALENCE; GLUCOSE; HYPERTENSION; PHOTOGRAPHS AB Background: Little is known about the association between dietary carbohydrates and cataract in nondiabetic persons. Objective: The aim was to test whether recent dietary carbohydrate intakes or glycemic index (GI; a measure of carbohydrate intake quality) was associated with the presence of cortical or nuclear opacities. Design: A modified Block food-frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary information from 3377 participants (aged 60 - 80 y; 56% were women) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Lens status was evaluated by using the AREDS System for Classifying Cataracts. Associations were examined for eyes with only a single, or pure, type of lens opacity by using the generalized estimating approach to logistic regression to account for the lack of independence between the eyes of a person. Results: For participants in the highest quartile, dietary GI was associated with a higher prevalence of all pure nuclear opacities [grade > 2; odds ratio (OR): 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.59; P for trend = 0.02] and moderate nuclear opacities (grade greater than or equal to 4; OR: 1.43; 95% Cl: 0.96, 2.14; P for trend = 0.052). The OR in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of intake was 1.27 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.63; P for trend = 0.09) for cortical opacities of any severity (> 0% of area opaque), and the OR increased somewhat for moderate cortical opacities (> 5% of area opaque; OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.95; P for trend = 0.056). Conclusions: Results from the cross-sectional analysis of AREDS baseline data suggest that dietary glycemic quality and dietary carbohydrate quantity may be associated with prevalent nuclear and cortical opacities, respectively. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R03-EY014183-01A2]; PHS HHS [R01-13250] NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1184 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044MT UT WOS:000237677300026 PM 16685063 ER PT J AU Groza, HI Bowen, BD Stevenson, WR Sowokinos, JR Glynn, MT Thill, C Peloquin, SJ Bussan, AJ Jiang, J AF Groza, HI Bowen, BD Stevenson, WR Sowokinos, JR Glynn, MT Thill, C Peloquin, SJ Bussan, AJ Jiang, J TI White pearl - A chipping potato variety with high level of resistance to cold sweetening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; chipping; cold sweetening AB White Pearl is a chipping cultivar with high level of resistance to cold sweetening. The cold-chipping capacity of White Pearl is better than the current chipping cultivars, including Atlantic, Snowden and NorValley. White Pearl has low glucose content and good chip color when processed directly after a 7-month storage period at 3.3 to 5.5 C. White Pearl tubers are similar to Snowden with a round oval shape, light netting, shallow eyes, white flesh, small to medium size, uniform shape, and are practically free of external and internal defects. The yield and specific gravity of White Pearl are medium. White Pearl is similar to Snowden in susceptibility to early blight, pink rot and soft rot, but it is slightly more resistant to common scab. White Pearl vines are susceptible to late blight, but can be managed effectively with fungicides. White Pearl is more sensitive to blackspot bruise than Atlantic or Snowden at 7.2 C, but is more resistant at higher temperatures. White Pearl is sensitive to metribuzin (Sencor); but not rimsulfuron (Matrix) or sulfentrazone (Spartan). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Rhinelander Agr Rs Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjiang1@wisc.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 056AO UT WOS:000238493200006 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Olsen, N Woodell, L Porter, LD Clayson, S AF Miller, JS Olsen, N Woodell, L Porter, LD Clayson, S TI Post-harvest applications of zoxamide and phosphite for control of potato fiber rots caused by oomycetes at harvest SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE late blight; pink rot; inoculation; hydrogen peroxide/peroxyacetic acid mixture ID FOSETYL-AL; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; PHOSPHORUS-ACID; COLUMBIA BASIN; LATE BLIGHT; PINK ROT; FUNGICIDES; EFFICACY; TOBACCO AB Potato storage tuber rots caused by the late blight and pink rot pathogens at harvest can cause severe economic losses, warranting the need for effective post-harvest fungicide applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of select post-harvest fungicides in reducing tuber infections by the late blight and pink rot pathogens when applied at various post-inoculation time intervals. 'Russet Burbank' potatoes were inoculated by submersion in an aqueous suspension of Phytophthora infestans or Phytophthora erythroseptica zoospores at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h prior to receiving a post-harvest treatment. Products evaluated were zoxamide (various rates and formulation), phosphite (335 g a.i/MT), and a hydrogen peroxide/peroxyacetic acid mixture (HPPA, 9 g a.i./MT), all applied at 2.08 UNIT of tubers as a low pressure spray prior to storage. Zoxamide and phosphite significantly reduced late blight and pink rot incidence and severity when applied immediately after inoculation. HPPA was less effective at controlling disease development. Phosphite was effective at reducing late blight development at all time intervals up to 6 h post-inoculation (7% vs 80% in untreated). Zoxamide appeared to have good post-harvest disease control if applied soon after inoculation. The maximum time intervals between inoculation and treatment where significant reductions in pink rot incidence were observed was 0 h for HPPA (28%), 2 h for zoxamide (55%; 64 g a.i/MT) and 6 h for phosphite (13%) compared to the untreated (73%). Phosphite provided consistent disease control even when applied several h after inoculation and has potential to be a reliable post-harvest fungicide for the potato industry. C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Miller, JS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jsmiller@uidaho.edu NR 44 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 056AO UT WOS:000238493200007 ER PT J AU del Rio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z AF del Rio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z TI Genetic equivalence of putative duplicate germplasm collections held at CIP and US potato genebanks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE duplicate collections; genetic drift; potato genebanks; potato germplasm; RAPD markers; SSRs ID SEED INCREASE; RAPD MARKERS; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; SOLANUM AB A common effort among members of the Association of Potato Inter-Genebank Collaborators (APIC) has yielded a global inventory of wild potato genetic resources that is freely accessible to researchers and breeders. In that database there are a number of accessions that originated from distributed progeny of a single original germplasm collection. The logical assumption has been that although these samples are in different locations, they should be genetically equivalent. This study tests this hypothesis by comparing 17 pairs of accessions of 16 different potato species, which are reputed duplicates preserved in the potato genebanks of The International Potato Center (CIP) in Peru and of the U.S.A. (USPG). The RAPD marker analysis revealed that even though the average genetic similarity of reputed duplicates was quite high, there were a few with significant differences. Similarly, SSR markers identified three reputed duplicates that were genetically different. SSRs revealed a loss of markers for some inter-genebank comparisons, a probable indication of genetic drift. Duplicate potato collections between CIP and USPG are in most cases genetically identical. The few exceptions merit further investigation regarding causes and the impact on useful traits. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Inter Reg Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP del Rio, AH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM adelrioc@wisc.edu OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 056AO UT WOS:000238493200008 ER PT J AU Killian, G Miller, L Rhyan, J Doten, H AF Killian, G Miller, L Rhyan, J Doten, H TI Immunocontraception of Florida feral swine with a single-dose GnRH vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brucellosis and pseudorabies control; contraceptive vaccine; feral swine; population reduction ID MALE PIGS; IMMUNIZATION AB Problem Methods to limit fertility of feral swine are needed to reduce transmission of diseases and agricultural and ecosystem damage. Method of Study We evaluated a single-shot GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine in both male and female feral swine for its effect on fertility and functional status of the reproductive tissues. Captive feral pigs were randomly assigned to receive 1000 or 2000 mu g GnRH-KLH vaccine treatments or no treatment. Results After 36 weeks, none of the 2000-mu g-treated females and only 20% of the 1000-mu g-treated females were pregnant. This corresponded to reduced serum progesterone, regressed tissues within the reproductive tract and lack of evidence for follicular development leading to ovulation. Males were less responsive to the vaccine than females, but more responsive to the lower dose of the vaccine than the higher dose. Conclusions The single-shot GnRH vaccine is effective in controlling fertility of female feral swine and may be useful for population reduction. C1 Penn State Univ, Almquist Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Killian, G (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Almquist Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gkillian@psu.edu NR 15 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-7408 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 55 IS 5 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00379.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 028BV UT WOS:000236461500008 PM 16635212 ER PT J AU Duarte, PC Ebel, ED Traub-Dargatz, J Wilson, WD Conrad, PA Gardner, IA AF Duarte, PC Ebel, ED Traub-Dargatz, J Wilson, WD Conrad, PA Gardner, IA TI Indirect fluorescent antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; HORSES; SEROPREVALENCE; SERUM; COLLECTION; EPM AB Objective-To assess the use of CSF testing with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Sample Population-Test results of 428 serum and 355 CSF samples from 182 naturally exposed, experimentally infected, or vaccinated horses. Procedure-EPM was diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination of the CNS. Probability distributions were fitted to serum IFAT results in the EPM+ and EPM- horses, and correlation between serum and CSF results was modeled. Pairs of serum-CSF titers were generated by simulation, and titer-specific likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities of EPM at various pretest probability values were estimated. Post-test probabilities were compared for use of a serum-CSF test combination, a serum test only, and a CSF test only. Results-Post-test probabilities of EPM increased as IFAT serum and CSF titers increased. Post-test probability differences for use of a serum-CSF combination and a serum test only were <= 19% in 95% of simulations. The largest increases occurred when serum titers were from 40 to 160 and pre-test probabilities were from 5% to 60%. In all simulations, the difference between pre- and post-test probabilities was greater for a CSF test only, compared with a serum test only. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-CSF testing after a serum test has limited usefulness in the diagnosis of EPM. A CSF test alone might be used when CSF is required for other procedures. Ruling out other causes of neurologic disease reduces the necessity of additional EPM testing. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Duarte, PC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 67 IS 5 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.2460/ajvr.67.5.869 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 037TT UT WOS:000237170800021 PM 16649923 ER PT J AU Mester, Z Willie, S Yang, L Sturgeon, R Caruso, JA Fernandez, ML Fodor, P Goldschmidt, RJ Goenaga-Infante, H Lobinski, R Maxwell, P McSheehy, S Polatajko, A Sadi, BBM Sanz-Medel, A Scriver, C Szpunar, J Wahlen, R Wolf, W AF Mester, Z Willie, S Yang, L Sturgeon, R Caruso, JA Fernandez, ML Fodor, P Goldschmidt, RJ Goenaga-Infante, H Lobinski, R Maxwell, P McSheehy, S Polatajko, A Sadi, BBM Sanz-Medel, A Scriver, C Szpunar, J Wahlen, R Wolf, W TI Certification of a new selenized yeast reference material (SELM-1) for methionine, selenomethinone and total selenium content and its use in an intercomparison exercise for quantifying these analytes SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenomethionine; yeast; reference material; speciation; intercomparison ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HPLC-ICP-MS; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; ENRICHED YEAST; SPECIATION; HOMOGENEITY AB A new selenized yeast reference material (SELM-1) produced by the Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada (INMS, NRC) certified for total selenium ( 2,059 +/- 64 mg kg(-1)), methionine (Met, 5,758 +/- 277 mg kg(-1)) and selenomethionine (SeMet, 3,431 +/- 157 mg kg(-1)) content is described. The +/- value represents an expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2. SeMet and Met amount contents were established following a methanesulfonic acid digestion of the yeast using GC-MS and LC-MS quantitation. Isotope dilution ( ID) calibration was used for both compounds, using C-13-labelled SeMet and Met. Total Se was determined after complete microwave acid digestion based on ID ICP-MS using a Se-82 spike or ICP-OES spectrometry using external calibration. An international intercomparison exercise was piloted by NRC to assess the state-of-the-art of measurement of selenomethione in SELM-1. Determination of total Se and methionine was also attempted. Seven laboratories submitted results ( 2 National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and 5 university/ government laboratories). For SeMet, ten independent mean values were generated. Various acid digestion and enzymatic procedures followed by LC ICP-MS, LC AFS or GC-MS quantitation were used. Four values were based on species-specific ID calibration, one on non-species-specific ID with the remainder using standard addition ( SA) or external calibration (EC). For total selenium, laboratories employed various acid digestion procedures followed by ICP-MS, AFS or GC-MS quantitation. Four laboratories employed ID calibration, the remaining used SA or EC. A total of seven independent results were submitted. Results for methionine were reported by only three laboratories, all of which used various acid digestion protocols combined with determination by GC-MS and LC UV. The majority of participants submitted values within the certified range for SeMet and total Se, whereas the intercomparison was judged unsuccessful for Met because only two external laboratories provided values, both of which were outside the certified range. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Oviedo, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. Corvinus Univ Budapest, Dept Appl Chem, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lab Govt Chemist, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. CNRS, UMR 5034, Grp Bioinorgan Analyt Chem, F-64053 Pau, France. Warsaw Univ Technol, Dept Chem, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. RP Mester, Z (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM Zoltan.mester@nrc.ca RI Mester, Zoltan/F-3154-2013; Fernandez-Sanchez, Maria Luisa/G-2544-2016; OI Mester, Zoltan/0000-0002-2377-2615; Maxwell, Paulette/0000-0002-5817-9360; Sanz Medel, Alfredo/0000-0003-2899-1347; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; Willie, Scott/0000-0002-3376-0722; Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503 NR 13 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 385 IS 1 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0338-0 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 035AL UT WOS:000236972000025 PM 16596401 ER PT J AU Kitchen, AM Gese, EM Waits, LP Karki, SM Schauster, ER AF Kitchen, Ann M. Gese, Eric M. Waits, Lisette P. Karki, Seija M. Schauster, Edward R. TI Multiple breeding strategies in the swift fox, Vulpes velox SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; HOME-RANGE; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; GRAY SEAL; ECOLOGY; LIKELIHOOD; MONOGAMY; COYOTES AB Little is known of the mating system of the swift fox or how it compares to other socially monogamous mammals. In a 4-year study of 188 swift foxes, we used microsatellite analysis at 11 loci along with spatial observations to investigate swift fox mating strategies. The mating strategies used by swift foxes were highly diverse. Previous field observations have indicated that the swift fox is socially monogamous. However, we found that extrapair mating was a common breeding strategy; 52% of offspring were sired by a male that was not the mate of their mother. There was also variation in the structure of social groups. Of 59 social groups, the most common consisted of a male and female pair (93% of social groups); however, four stable trios of both one female and two males (5%) and two females and one male (2%) were also evident. The trio groups were spatially associated, and at least one member of each trio was highly related to a member in at least one other trio. Swift foxes also engaged in mate switching, which refutes the prevailing hypothesis that they always mate for life. Thus, we found that the mating system of the swift fox is highly diverse and substantially more complex than previously believed. We discuss factors that may influence which strategies are adopted and whether they are adaptive. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kitchen, AM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, NZP, CRC,MRC 705,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hendersonan@si.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 68 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 71 BP 1029 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.06.015 PN 5 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 050SN UT WOS:000238108600004 ER PT J AU Neill, JD Ridpath, JF Liebler-Tenorio, E AF Neill, JD Ridpath, JF Liebler-Tenorio, E TI Global gene expression profiling of bovine immature B cells using serial analysis of gene expression SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAGE; Peyer's Patchi; B cell receptor; B cell function ID ILEAL PEYERS PATCH; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIGEN; DISCOVERY; RECEPTOR; CANCER; TRANSCRIPTOME; SEMAPHORINS; ANTIBODIES; DIVERSITY AB The Peyer's patches of the small intestine are important sites of antigen processing. The follicles of the Peyer's patches receive the antigen transported by the M cells at the mucosal surface and then play a major role in development of both protective humoral and mucosal immune responses. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was employed to derive the global gene expression profile of B lymphocytes isolated from the IPPF. Analysis of the SAGE data revealed the identity of genes and the level to which they are expressed by IPPF B lymphocytes. This analysis indicated that they were metabolically active and that the transcripts encoding proteins necessary for a response to antigen presentation were expressed. These transcripts included the B cell receptor components CD76a and b (Ig-alpha and Ig-beta) and accessory c-Src family kinases Lyn and Blk. Furthermore, many of the positive and negative regulators, and accessory proteins that are necessary for B cell antigen receptor signaling were identified. Also present were transcripts encoding interleukins and their cognate receptors. Overall, this SAGE analysis yielded a global picture of gene expression in IPPF B lymphocytes and provides a starting point for the comparison of gene expression in further functional studies. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Jena, Germany. RP Neill, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jneill@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1080/10495390500460957 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 033NC UT WOS:000236854100003 PM 16621757 ER PT J AU Chen, KF Knorr, C Bornemann-Kolatzki, K Huang, LS Rohrer, GA Brenig, B AF Chen, KF Knorr, C Bornemann-Kolatzki, K Huang, LS Rohrer, GA Brenig, B TI Characterization of the PGK2 associated microsatellite S0719 on SSC7 suitable for parentage and QTL diagnosis SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PIG; S0719; microsatellite; PGK2 ID GENE; MAP AB We isolated and characterized the highly polymorphic tetra-nucleotide microsatellite S0719 on SSC7q14-q15 adjacent to the porcine testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase 2 ( PGK2 ) gene and assigned it to the USDA-MARC linkage map on SSC7 position 77.5 cM closely linked to markers SW859 (76.3 cM) and SWR2036 (79.0 cM). In a panel of 344 individuals representing 11 pig breeds (European, Chinese, and North American), a total of 32 alleles were observed, and the overall breeds' calculated PIC (polymorphism information content), H-E (heterozygosity), and N-E (effective allele number) were 0.94, 0.94, and 16.41. Breed-specific PIC and H-E ranged from 0.66 to 0.87, whereas N-E was as low as 2.95 and as high as 7.96. Considering the high allelic variation of S0719 within and among pig breeds (79% of the genotyped animals were heterozygous), the marker is useful for individual animal identification and parentage determination. Finally, S0719 is also a valuable STS marker for fine-mapping QTL on SSC7 as position 77.5 cM is located in 25 QTL intervals ( http://www.animalgenome.org/QTLdb/ ). C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Jiangxi Agr Univ, Key Lab Anim Biotechnol Jiangxi Prov, Nanchang, Peoples R China. Jiangxi Agr Univ, Minist Agr, Nanchang, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brenig, B (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, Burckhardtweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM bbrenig@gwdg.de NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1080/10495390500461005 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 033NC UT WOS:000236854100005 PM 16688886 ER PT J AU Galina-Pantoja, L Mellencamp, MA Bastiaansen, J Cabrera, R Solano-Aguilar, G Lunney, JK AF Galina-Pantoja, L Mellencamp, MA Bastiaansen, J Cabrera, R Solano-Aguilar, G Lunney, JK TI Relationship between immune cell phenotypes and pig growth in a commercial farm SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immune biomarkers; immune response; pig robustness ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; LARGE-WHITE-PIGS; DENDRITIC CELLS; INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CLINICAL MASTITIS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the level and function of circulating immune cells with average daily gain, live and carcass measurements, feed intake, and feed conversion. Production performance was monitored throughout the pig's lifetime. Pigs were moved in weekly batches through the nursery and growing/finishing rooms at specific target weights. Animals were individually weighed at birth and at weaning, and then every two weeks while they were "on test until they were "off test and sent to the slaughterhouse. At six to seven weeks of age, the pigs were bled in the nursery. The percentage of immune cell subsets and lymphocyte proliferation was estimated using swine monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric analysis. The predictive effect of the immune cell subset markers and lymphocyte proliferation on production traits was statistically analyzed. The results indicated that the proportion of several peripheral cell subsets, including CD16+, CD2+/CD16+, and CD8+ lymphocytes, appear to predict growth during the entire productive life of the pig. Larger percentages of lymphocytes expressing CD16+ CD2+/CD16+, and CD8+receptors in blood resulted in a reduction in average daily gain. In addition, high percentages of SLA-DQ+ cells were associated with better carcass weight and feed conversion. The CD16+, CD2+/CD16+, CD8+, and SLA-DQ cell subsets appear to be important biomarkers involved with the inherent ability of the pig to efficiently grow and produce better carcass weight in representative commercial environments. C1 Sygen Int PIC, Franklin, KY 42135 USA. ARS, APDL, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Galina-Pantoja, L (reprint author), Sygen Int PIC, 3033 Nashville Rd, Franklin, KY 42135 USA. EM Lucina.Galina@pic.com RI Bastiaansen, John/A-5733-2010 OI Bastiaansen, John/0000-0002-6562-176X NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10495390500461146 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 033NC UT WOS:000236854100009 PM 16621762 ER PT J AU Roe, AD Stein, JD Gillette, NE Sperling, FAH AF Roe, AD Stein, JD Gillette, NE Sperling, FAH TI Identification of Dioryctia (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in a seed orchard at Chico, California SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Dioryctria; mtDNA; cytochrome oxidase c; morphology; DNA barcoding ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SEX-PHEROMONE; CONEWORM MOTH; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RESINOSELLA LEPIDOPTERA; SPECIES LEPIDOPTERA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FIR CONEWORM AB Species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are important pests of conifers, particularly in seed orchards, and accurate species identification is needed for effective monitoring and control. Variable forewing morphology and lack of species-specific genitalic features hinder identification, prompting the search for additional diagnostic characters. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase I and U genes (COI and COII) were obtained from specimens collected at lights, pheromone traps, and host plants in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on a U.S. Forest Service seed orchard in Chico, CA. A 475-bp fragment of COI was used to identify eight distinct genetic lineages from 180 Dioryctria specimens, and these were identified as eight described species. Comparisons among mtDNA variation, adult morphology, larval host association, and pheromone attraction were used to assign individuals to species groups and to identify diagnostic characters for species identification. A 2.3-kb fragment of COI-COII was sequenced for 14 specimens to increase resolution of phylogenetic relationships. Species groups were well resolved using both the 475-bp and "DNA barcode" subsets of the 2.3-kb sequences, with the 475-bp fragment generally showing lower divergences. The zimmermani and ponderosae species groups were sister groups and had similar male genitalic morphology and larval feeding habits. The pentictonella group was sister to the zimmerinani + ponderosae group clade, and all species have raised scales and a Pinus sp. larval host (where known). Combining molecular characters with morphological and behavioral characters improved identification of Dioryctria species and supported previous species group relationships. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Roe, AD (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RI Sperling, Felix/H-8376-2012; Roe, Amanda/A-3902-2013 NR 74 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 BP 433 EP 448 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[433:IODLPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 044WB UT WOS:000237702700003 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Ferkovich, SM AF Shapiro, JP Ferkovich, SM TI Oviposition and isolation of viable eggs from Orius insidiosus in a Parafilm and water substrate: Comparison with green beans and use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE predator; eggs; oviposition; Parafilm; ELISA ID GLOSSY LEAF WAX; ARTIFICIAL DIET; SAY HEMIPTERA; FLOWER BUG; ANTHOCORIDAE; PLANT; HETEROPTERA; PREDATOR; PREY; SUITABILITY AB Plant parts are commonly used as oviposition substrates for mass rearing of Orius spp., but this system does not permit the isolation of clean intact eggs for use as standards in a yolk protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An oviposition substrate was devised for O. insidiosus by forming water-filled domes from Parafilm-M. Eggs were deposited through the Parafilm skin into water where they remained viable for at least 24 h. Eggs were extracted from the domes and collected onto black filter paper and then used to prepare lyophilized yolk protein as a quantitative standard in ELISA tests. In no-choice tests, O. insidiosus females oviposited 5.86 eggs per female per d into Blue Lake' green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., and 3.06 eggs into water-filled domes. Hatch rates did not significantly differ, although optimal moisture was critical. In a choice test, O. insidiostis females preferred beans to domes (4.02 versus 0.03 eggs per female per 18 h). Females preferred to oviposit into the walls of the major groove of green beans and often oviposited around the lower perimeter of water-filled domes. Lyophilized protein from eggs collected in water-filled domes was successfully and replicably used in the yolk protein ELISA after compensating for reduced immunological activity with a correction factor. Parafilm-covered water-filled domes are therefore useful for collection of eggs for use in the yolk protein ELISA and for other applications that require viable eggs. These domes also may lead to discovery of the phytochemical and physical factors that are responsible for choice of a host plant and its parts for oviposition. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jshapiro@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 BP 586 EP 591 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[586:OAIOVE]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 044WB UT WOS:000237702700016 ER PT J AU Curkovic, T Brunner, JF Landolt, PJ AF Curkovic, T Brunner, JF Landolt, PJ TI Courtship behavior in Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE courtship behavior; Pandemis pyrusana; Choristoneura rosaceana ID FUMIFERANA LEPIDOPTERA; COPULATORY-BEHAVIOR; CYDIA-POMONELLA; SPRUCE BUDWORM; MOTH; PHEROMONE; MALES AB The characterization of courtship behavior in two sympatric and synchronic leafroller species, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott, indicated that only pheromone permeated airflow was needed as a releaser to initiate the male mating sequence. Mating ethograms demonstrate that males of both species perform six observable, discrete, and homogeneous steps: 1) wing fanning; 2) first contact; 3) male next to female (mostly in C. rosaceana), head-to-head (only P. pyrusana); 4) curled abdomen; 5) genitalia engagement; and 6) end-to-end position (mating). The sequences were highly stereotypic, suggesting that once a male starts the mating sequence, the rest of the steps will most likely follow. First contact with the female was a preprogrammed response, not requiring further cues. Copulation was more likely when the female remained stationary after first contact. Unsuccessful mating sequences were frequent during the study because females escaped by walking away, turning around, or jumping away. Because courtship behavior is a mechanism to select sexual partners, it is possible to hypothesize that responses resulting in an unsuccessful mating (assumed to be rejection) validate this mechanism. The mating sequence of C. rosaceana best matches the simple courtship behavior model, whereas the sequence in P. pyrusana resembles an interactive courtship. Overall results indicate that courtship behavior in both species would be compatible with attracticide (i.e., sex pheromone + insecticide) technology that requires direct contact between males and the pheromone source. C1 Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 1004, Chile. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Curkovic, T (reprint author), Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 1004, Chile. RI Curkovic, Tomislav/I-1686-2013 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[617:CBICRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 044WB UT WOS:000237702700020 ER PT J AU Huang, YW Wang, LS Chang, HL Ye, WP Dowd, MK Wan, PJ Lin, YC AF Huang, YW Wang, LS Chang, HL Ye, WP Dowd, MK Wan, PJ Lin, YC TI Molecular mechanisms of (-)-gossypol-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (-)-gossypol; apoptosis; Bcl-2; caspase; prostate cancer cell ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; ORAL GOSSYPOL; DNA; CYTOTOXICITY; INHIBITION; PROTEIN; (-)-ENANTIOMER; ENANTIOMERS AB Background: Gossypol, a natural compound present in cottonseeds, displays antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against various cancer cells. The (-)-gossypol enantiomer is a more potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth. Here, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by (-)-gossypol were studied in human prostate cancer cells. Materials and Methods: After the prostate cancer cell DU-145 had been treated with (-)-gossypol, the trypan blue exclusion assay and DNA fragment end-labeling assay were used to stain the dead cells and to detect DNA laddering, respectively. The effects of (-)-gossypol oil the expression of apoptotic-regulated gene markers in both death receptor- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways, such as the Bcl-2 family and caspase, etc., were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. To further investigate the apoptotic pathways induced by (-)-gossypol, different caspase inhibitors were used to block caspase activities and cell viability was detected by the Celffiter 96" AQueous assay in DU-145 cells. Results: At a 5-10 mu M dose-level, (-)-gossypol significant4; enhanced apoptosis measured by DNA fragmentation. (-)-Gossypol caused apoptosis in DU-145 cells through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the up-regulation of Bax at the mRNA and protein levels. (-)-Gossypol also activated caspases-3, -8 and -9 and increased PARP [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase] cleavage. Furthermore, (-)-gossypol-induced apoptosis might be due to an increase in CAD (caspase-activated deoxytibonuclease) proteins and a decrease in ICAD (inhibitor of CAD) proteins. By using caspase inhibitors, (-)-gossypol caused apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathways. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lin, YC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.15@osu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94718, CA95915] NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3A BP 1925 EP 1933 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 055ZS UT WOS:000238490700027 PM 16827126 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS AF Wong, DWS TI Feruloyl esterase - A key enzyme in biomass degradation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE feruloyl esterase; ferulic acid and crosslinks; feruloylated oligosaccharide; hydroxycinnamic acid; glucurono arabinoxylan ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; SUGAR-BEET PULP; FLUORESCENS SUBSP CELLULOSA; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS E14; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; ACID ESTERASE; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; MAIZE BRAN; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS AB Feruloyl esterase forms a part of the enzyme complex that acts collectively and synergistically to completely hydrolyze xylan to its monomers. The enzyme has found potential uses in a wide variety of applications of interest to the agrifood and pharmaceutical industries. This review describes the enzymology of feruloyl esterases involved in xylan degradation. The occurrence of feruloyl esterases in various microorganisms and their physiochemical properties are presented. The nature of the enzyme substrates and products, the role of synergistic interactions with xylanases and other accessory enzymes, as well as the sequence-structure relating to the reaction mechanism are emphasized. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 111 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 59 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 EI 1559-0291 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 133 IS 2 BP 87 EP 112 DI 10.1385/ABAB:133:2:87 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 032LH UT WOS:000236775400001 PM 16702605 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Kirk, IW Hoffmann, WC Martin, DE Hofman, VL Hollingsworth, C McMullen, M Halley, S AF Fritz, BK Kirk, IW Hoffmann, WC Martin, DE Hofman, VL Hollingsworth, C McMullen, M Halley, S TI Aerial application methods for increasing spray deposition on wheat heads SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aerial application; aerial spraying; spray deposition; wheat head blight ID BLIGHT AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease of wheat and barley in several small grain production areas in the United States and, as such, the development and evaluation of aerial application technologies that enhance the efficacy of fungicides with aerial spray applications, is one of the research priorities of the United States Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. This research was initiated to assess aerial spray technologies in an effort to increase spray deposits on wheat heads. The experiment was designed as a 2 X 3 factorial treatment arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications at each of three field locations. Multiple sub-samples of wheat heads and artificial samplers were collected and analyzed to assess and describe spray deposits from the specified treatments. Test results indicated that lower spray rates with larger droplet sizes tended to result in greater tracer deposits. The results from this study are expected to provide guidance for aerial fungicide applications for increased deposition. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bfritz@apmru.usda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 053UL UT WOS:000238331100005 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR Maghirang, EB Xie, F Dowell, FE AF Armstrong, PR Maghirang, EB Xie, F Dowell, FE TI Comparison of dispersive and Fourier-transform NIR instruments for measuring grain and flour attributes SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grain; flour; near infrared; FT-NIR; quality ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WHEAT; PRODUCTS AB Dispersive and Fourier-transform (FT) near-infrared (NIR) instruments were compared for their predictive performance of several wheat flour and grain constituents. Protein, moisture, and hardness index of whole grain wheat and protein, ash, and amylose of wheat flour were used to develop prediction equations between reference data of these constituents and their spectra. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to develop the prediction equations. Models were selected using F-test criteria (a = 0.05). NIR and FT-NIR spectrometers collected spectra over the wavelength ranges of 1100 to 2498 nm and 1142 to 2502 nm, respectively. Results show that FT-NIR and NIR instruments were comparable in prediction performance and there is no apparent advantage of one over the other Wheat flour protein and ash, whole grain wheat protein, and moisture models had good quantitative prediction based on ratios of the standard error of prediction to the standard deviation of the reference data (RPD), i.e. RPD values were greater than 5. Wheat flour amylose and whole grain wheat hardness index predictions were qualitative with RPD values near 3. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.armstrong@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 053UL UT WOS:000238331100017 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Campbell, BC AF Kim, Jong H. Mahoney, Noreen Chan, Kathleen L. Molyneux, Russell J. Campbell, Bruce C. TI Controlling food-contaminating fungi by targeting their antioxidative stress-response system with natural phenolic compounds SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACUOLAR H+-ATPASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; VIRULENCE; MUTANTS; YEAST; MITOCHONDRIAL; PATHWAYS; DELETION; GENOME AB The antioxidative stress-response system is essential to fungi for tolerating exposure to phenolic compounds. We show how this system can be targeted to improve fungal control by using compounds that inhibit the fungal mitochondrial respiratory chain. Targeting mitochondrial superoxide dismutase with selected phenolic acid derivatives (e.g., vanillyl acetone) resulted in a 100- to 1,000-fold greater sensitivity to strobilurin or carboxin fungicides. This synergism is significantly greater with strobilurin than with carboxin, suggesting that complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is a better target than complex II for fungal control, using phenolics. These results show certain natural compounds are effective synergists to commercial fungicides and can be used for improving control of food-contaminating pathogens. These results suggest that the use of such compounds for fungal control can reduce environmental and health risks associated with commercial fungicides, lower cost for control, and the probability for development of resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-0123-6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 044AR UT WOS:000237644900014 PM 16463173 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Caesar, AJ Souissi, T AF Kremer, RJ Caesar, AJ Souissi, T TI Soilborne microorganisms of Euphorbia are potential biological control agents of the invasive weed leafy spurge SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphthona spp.; deleterious rhizobacteria; Fusarium spp.; rhizosphere ecology; Rhizoctonia spp.; root-feeding insects; soilborne fungal pathogens; synergism ID DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA; PLANT-GROWTH; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; SOIL; SUPPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; SIDEROPHORE AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula-virgata), a native of Eurasia, is a serious invasive weed of grasslands of the northern Great Plains of the U.S. and prairie provinces of Canada. Leafy spurge is very difficult to control with herbicides, insect biological control agents, and other cultural practices. Previous field investigations revealed pathogen-insect interactions on the roots of leafy spurge leading to mortality. In order to exploit this synergistic relationship as an effective biological control strategy, we undertook an exploration of Europe for soilborne fungi and rhizosphere bacteria on Euphorbia spp. growing in a wide variety of soils in different landscapes. All microbial cultures were screened for growth suppressive or disease potential on leafy spurge plants or callus tissue. Study objectives were to determine relationships of some edaphic factors and host plant conditions with biological control activity, and to screen rhizobacteria isolated from Euphorbia spp. for traits that might contribute to suppression of leafy spurge growth. The most virulent soilborne fungal strains of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species, based on greenhouse pathogenicity tests, were isolated from roots of Euphorbia spp. with insect feeding damage. High proportions (> 50%) of rhizobacteria were classified as deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) using a callus tissue bioassay. Euphorbia spp. at sites with high DRB numbers displayed severe fungal disease symptoms and supported insect infestations. Selected soil properties were not correlated with potential biocontrol activity of microbes on leafy spurge; however, insect presence and disease ratings were associated with incidence of growth-suppressive microbes. Certain physiological traits (i.e., exopolysaccharides and hydrogen cyanide production) were good indicators of deleterious activity of rhizobacteria. Our study illustrates that the most effective condition for inducing disease and subsequent mortality of leafy spurge includes a synergism between plant-associated microorganisms and root-damaging insects. Furthermore, the results are valuable for identifying sites for collecting soilborne microorganisms on weeds in their native range for evaluation as biocontrol agents in their invasive range. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Ctr, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KremerR@missouri.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.009 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 037PA UT WOS:000237157900004 ER PT J AU Brazil, BL AF Brazil, BL TI Performance and operation of a rotating biological contactor in a tilapia recirculating aquaculture system SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Design and Selection of Biological Filters for Freshwater and Marine Applications CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res DE biofiltration; rotating biological contactor; aquaculture; recirculating aquaculture system; nitrification ID TRICKLING FILTERS; NITROGEN REMOVAL; RBC PERFORMANCE; CULTURE-SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; WASTE-WATER; NITRIFICATION; BIOFILTERS; MODEL; EFFICIENCY AB This paper describes the performance characteristics of an industrial-scale air-driven rotating biological contactor (RBC) installed in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) rearing tilapia at 28 degrees C. This three-staged RBC system was configured with stages I and 2 possessing approximately the same total surface area and stage 3 having approximately 25% smaller. The total surface area provided by the RBC equaled 13,380 m(2). Ammonia removal efficiency averaged 31.5% per pass for all systems examined, which equated to an average ( standard deviation) total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) areal removal rate of 0.43 +/- 0.16 g/m(2)/day. First-order ammonia removal rate (K-I) constants for stages 1-3 were 2.4, 1.5, and 3.0 h(-1), respectively. The nitrite first-order rate constants (K-2) were higher, averaging 16.2 h(-1) for stage 1, 7.7 h(-1) for stage 2, and 9.0 h(-1) stage 3. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels decreased an averaged 6.6% per pass across the RBC. Concurrently, increasing influent DOC concentrations decreased ammonia removal efficiency. With respect to dissolved gas conditioning, the RBC system reduced carbon dioxide concentrations approximately 39% as the water flowed through the vessel. The cumulative feed burden describes the mass of food delivered to the system per unit volume of freshwater added to the system daily-ranged between 5.5 and 7.3 kg feed/m(3) of freshwater; however, there was no detectable relationship between the feed loading rate and ammonia oxidation performance, Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brazil, BL (reprint author), USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bbrazil@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.06.005 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 038NX UT WOS:000237230600011 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, T Malone, R AF Pfeiffer, T Malone, R TI Nitrification performance of a propeller-washed bead clarifier supporting a fluidized sand biofilter in a recirculating warmwater fish system SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Design and Selection of Biological Filters for Freshwater and Marine Applications CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res DE recirculation; bead filter; sand filter ID REACTORS; KINETICS; FILTERS AB A propeller-wash bead filter (PWBF) and a fluidized sand filter (FSF) on a 28 m(3) recirculating system stocked with tilapia maintained favorable water quality at five different feed rates, ranging from 0.9 to 4.5 kg feed per day. TAN removal rates ranged up to about 200 g TAN/m(3) of media per day for each of the units. Peak rates of 244 a TAN/m(3) of media per day were observed when the recirculating flow was boosted by 20%. Roughly 75% of the removal was accomplished by the fluidized sand filter an observation that is consistent with the difference between the fluidized sand filter volume (0.92 m(3)) and the bead filter media volume (0.28 m(3)). The bead filter's primary function was clarification. At the highest daily feed load, over 570 g dry weight of solids were removed during each daily bead filter backwashing event. A 20% increase in flow, at the same daily feed rate, improved solids removal to over 670 g dry weight per bead filter backwash event. The PWBF and FSF combination provided suitable water quality for fish production; however, further increases in feed loading were limited by carbon dioxide buildup and oxygen limitations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pfeiffer, T (reprint author), USDA Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM tpfeiffer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.09.003 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 038NX UT WOS:000237230600014 ER PT J AU Malone, RF Pfeiffer, TJ AF Malone, RF Pfeiffer, TJ TI Rating fixed film nitrifying biofilters used in recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Design and Selection of Biological Filters for Freshwater and Marine Applications CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res DE biofilters; nitrification; recirculating aquaculture ID FRESH-WATER; PRODUCTION FACILITY; TRICKLING FILTERS; NITRIFICATION; FISH; CULTURE; TEMPERATURE; BACTERIA; REACTORS; NITRITE AB Predicting the performance of biofilters is an engineering challenge that is critical to both designers and managers. The task is complicated by the wide variety of water quality expectations and environmental conditions displayed by a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A myriad of biofilters designs have been generated reflecting approaches of engineers attempting to maximize specific surface area and oxygen transfer within the context of a biofilm management strategy. A rating strategy is presented for biofilters to facilitate the identification of appropriate matches between biofiltration formats and RAS applications. As a foundation, a previously proposed RAS classification system based upon salinity, temperature and trophic levels is upgraded to create 17 systems classifications. A biofilter classification system identifies seven combinations of trophic level and pH which should be sufficient to serve the RAS demands. Temperature and salinity are neglected as a means of simplifying the approach. An experimental methodology based upon chemical feeds is proposed to represent the steady-state RAS performance of the biofilters. Data is summarized by linear analysis of filter performance for concentration ranges below 1.0 g TAN m(-3) and simple averaging is proposed for higher trophic levels. Input from the aquacultural engineering community and RAS aquaculturists is required to further refine the approach prior to endorsement. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Malone, RF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rmalone@lsu.edu NR 80 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.08.007 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 038NX UT WOS:000237230600020 ER PT J AU Parathath, S Dogen, S Harrison, EH Fisher, EA AF Parathath, S Dogen, S Harrison, EH Fisher, EA TI Determining the potential role of ES-4 as a neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase in hepatic cells SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology CY APR 27-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP E78 EP E78 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 034PF UT WOS:000236942400239 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Bruns, HA Abel, CA AF Abbas, Hamed K. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Bruns, H. Arnold Abel, Craig A. TI Biocontrol of aflatoxin in corn by inoculation with non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn (maize, Zea mays L.); Aspergillus flavus; biological control; biocompetition; non-aflatoxigenic strains; aflatoxigenic strains ID FUNGAL GENOMICS WORKSHOPS; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; SCLEROTIUM PRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; FIELD APPLICATION; SOIL POPULATIONS; CONTAMINATION AB The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001-2004). Soil was treated with six wheat inoculant treatments: aflatoxigenic isolate F3W4; two non-aflatoxigenic isolates (CT3 and K49); two mixtures of CT3 or K49 with F3W4; and an autoclaved wheat control, applied at 20 kg ha(-1). In 2001, inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% compared to the non-inoculated control, while CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 86 and 60%, respectively. In 2002, the non-toxigenic CT3 and K49 reduced aflatoxin levels by 61 and 76% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively. In 2001, mixtures of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates had little effect on aflatoxin levels, but in 2002, inoculation with mixtures of K49 and CT3 reduced aflatoxin levels 68 and 37% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively. In 2003 and 2004, a low level of natural aflatoxin contamination was observed (8 ng g(-1)). However, inoculation with mixtures of K49+F3W4 and CT3+F3W4, reduced levels of aflatoxin 65-94% compared to the aflatoxigenic strain alone. Compared to the non-sclerotia producing CT3, strain K49 produces large sclerotia, has more rapid in vitro radial growth, and a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated, perhaps indicating greater ecological competence. Results indicate that non-aflatoxigenic, indigenous A. flavus isolates, such as strain K49, have potential use for biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in southern US corn. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 47 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1080/09583150500532477 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 051JF UT WOS:000238156700001 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, CM Compton, DL Evans, KO Laszlo, JA AF DiCarlo, CM Compton, DL Evans, KO Laszlo, JA TI Bioelectrocatalysis in ionic liquids. Examining specific cation and anion effects on electrode-immobilized cytochrome c SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome c; ionic liquid; cyclic voltammetry; electrode immobilized protein; self-assembled monolayer ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; BIOCATALYSIS; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; HEMIN; GOLD AB Cytochrome c immobilized on alkylthiol self-assembled monolayers exhibits a characteristic Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox signal that is lost when exposed to ionic liquids composed of a butylimidazolium cation combined with either hexafluorophosphate or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. In this study it was shown that exposure to the aqueous solubilized ionic liquid components, butyl-, hexyl-, and octylimidazolium cations and hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions, resulted in partial electrochemical signal loss. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements showed that signal loss due to the cationic ionic liquid component followed a different mechanism than that of the anionic component. Although a portion of the signal was recoverable, irreversible signal loss also occurred in both cases. The source of the irreversible component is suggested to be the loss of protein secondary structure through complexation between the ionic liquid components and the protein surface residues. The reversible electrochemical signal loss is likely due to interfacial interactions imposed between the electrode and the cytochrome heme group. The influence of the amount of exposed surface residues was explored with a simplified model protein, microperoxidase-11. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM comptond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1567-5394 J9 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Bioelectrochemistry PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2005.01.002 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry GA 044NE UT WOS:000237678400003 PM 16009598 ER PT J AU Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Suring, LH Meinke, CW AF Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Suring, LH Meinke, CW TI Greater sage-grouse as an umbrella species for sagebrush-associated vertebrates SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; great basin; habitat risk; greater sage-grouse; sagebrush ecosystem; umbrella species ID GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; FLAGSHIPS; SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM AB Widespread degradation of the sagebrush ecosystem in the western United States, including the invasion of cheatgrass, has prompted resource managers to consider a variety of approaches to restore and conserve habitats for sagebrush-associated species. One such approach involves the use of greater sage-grouse, a species of prominent conservation interest, as an umbrella species. This shortcut approach assumes that managing habitats to conserve sage-grouse will simultaneously benefit other species of conservation concern. The efficacy of using sage-grouse as an umbrella species for conservation management, however, has not been fully evaluated. We tested that concept by comparing: (1) commonality in land-cover associations, and (2) spatial overlap in habitats between sage-grouse and 39 other sagebrush-associated vertebrate species of conservation concern in the Great Basin ecoregion. Overlap in species' land-cover associations with those of sage-grouse, based on the p (phi) correlation coefficient, was substantially greater for sagebrush obligates ((x) over bar = 0.40) than non-obligates ((x) over bar = 0.21). Spatial overlap between habitats of target species and those associated with sage-grouse was low (mean phi = 0.23), but somewhat greater for habitats at high risk of displacement by cheatgrass (mean phi = 0.33). Based on our criteria, management of sage-grouse habitats likely would offer relatively high conservation coverage for sagebrush obligates such as pygmy rabbit (mean phi = 0.84), but far less for other species we addressed, such as lark sparrow (mean phi = 0.09), largely due to lack of commonality in land-cover affinity and geographic ranges of these species and sage-grouse. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Snake Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Rowland, MM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mrowland@fs.fed.us; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; lsudng@fs.fed.us; carawolffm@hotmail.com NR 66 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 129 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.048 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034VV UT WOS:000236959600004 ER PT J AU Wang, ZS An, SQ Liu, H Feng, J Zhang, F Leng, X AF Wang, ZS An, SQ Liu, H Feng, J Zhang, F Leng, X TI Effect of stand age and management regime on genetic diversity of Thuidium cymbifolium in western China SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bryophytes; forest harvest; genetic diversity; plantation; RAPD; spruce; Thuidium cymbifolium ID POPULATION-GENETICS; SPECIES RICHNESS; RAPD MARKERS; FORESTS; MOSS; BRYOPHYTES; VARIABILITY; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; POLYTRICHUM AB Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, we examined genetic variability of the moss Thuidium cymbifolium (Thuidiaceae) sampled from three types of spruce (Picea asperata) stands: an intact stand, naturally regenerated stands after clearcut harvests, and planted stands after clearcut harvests in the Miyaluo area, western Sichuan of China. Stands of the latter two types were of various age since the last clearcut. Results showed that the population of T cymbifolium from the intact stand displayed the highest level of genetic diversity, and populations from the planted stands exhibited significantly higher levels than the naturally regenerated stands. In planted stands, genetic variation within populations increased over time. These findings indicated that habitat destruction by forest harvesting led to the reduction in genetic variation within populations, but that given time, artificial reforestation after clearcut was effective in promoting the recovery of genetic diversity in the recolonized moss species. Therefore, lengthening the normal felling rotation of plantations should be favored to restore and conserve genetic diversity in recolonized species. in addition, thinning young plantations via selective logging may provide heterogenous microhabitats similar to those in the old stands, and thereby facilitate the development of bryophyte communities and the increase of genetic variation of the recolonized mosses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lab Forest Ecol & Global Changes, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, IFAS, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP An, SQ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lab Forest Ecol & Global Changes, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM wangzs@nju.edu.cn; anshq@nju.edu.cn NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 129 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.022 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047KT UT WOS:000237878900012 ER PT J AU Roltsch, WJ Meyerdirk, DE Warkentin, R Andress, ER Carrera, K AF Roltsch, WJ Meyerdirk, DE Warkentin, R Andress, ER Carrera, K TI Classical biological control of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), in southern California SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Maconellicoccus hirsutus; Anagyrus kamali; Gyranusoidea indica; Allotropa mecrida; encyrtidae; Platygastridae; biological control; parasitism; hyperparasitism; non-target impact ID ANAGYRUS-KAMALI HYMENOPTERA; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; ENCYRTIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; PARASITISM AB A cooperative classical biological control project against the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), infestation in the low-desert region of California was initiated in the fall of 1999. Subsequently, the parasitoids Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Encyrtidae), Gyranusoidea indica Shafee, Alam & Agarwal (Encyrtidae) and Allotropa sp. nr. mecrida (Walker) (Platygastridae) were reared and released for permanent establishment. Population densities of mealybug and percent parasitism were monitored at a number of mulberry tree and carob tree sites for five consecutive years. The population density of M. hirsutus within the first year was reduced by approximately 95%. Over the entire 5-year period of the project, the average regional population density of the mealybug exhibited a continued decline. Anagyus kamali was the predominant parasitoid, often parasitizing in excess of 50% of the mid-to-late stage M. hirsutus in the first 2 years following the parasitoid's release. Although Gyranusoidea indica was rarely found from spring through early fall, it did represent 40% of the parasitoid species composition during winter. By 2005, the platygastrid parasitoid, Allotropa sp. nr. mecrida did not appear to be established following numerous releases in 2003 and 2004. Hyperparasitism of A. kamali by resident species (Marietta sp. & Chartocerus sp.) was frequently over 35% during 2000. However, hyperparasitism was considerably lower during each successive year, coincident with declining densities of both mealybug and the primary parasitoid host. Field collections of two other species of mealybugs common in Imperial Valley demonstrated that they are not being utilized as alternate non-target hosts by the newly introduced parasitoids. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Pest Detect & Management Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Brawley, CA 92227 USA. RP Roltsch, WJ (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, 3288 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. EM wroltsch@cdfa.ca.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.01.006 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 031HB UT WOS:000236694200004 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, JC TI Interaction of Mattesia oryzaephili (Neogregarinorida : Lipotrophidae) with Cephalonomia spp. (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae) and their hosts Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera : Laemophloeidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Mauesia oryzaephili; Cephatonomia tarsalis; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; Cryptolestes ferrugineus; stored grain; biological control; grain beetle; Cephalonomia waterstoni ID TARSALIS HYMENOPTERA; GRAIN BEETLE; DISPORA; INFECTION; INSECTS AB The neogregarine, Mattesia oryzaephili, is pathogenic for several stored-grain pest insects, including the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus. It also infects their respective bethylid parasitoids, Cephalonomia tarsalis and Cephalonomia waterstoni. Male wasps do not attack the beetle larvae and do not become infected, but the disease is transmitted per os to nearly all female wasps when they paralyze or feed on infected hosts. The mean survival time of infected female C tarsalis after exposure to heavily infected O. surinamensis was 20.0 days, while that of healthy C tarsalis was 38.0 days. For C waterstoni females, the mean survival times were 36.1 days when infected and 45.9 days when uninfected. The long survival time of infected wasps fosters oviposition and inoculum deposition in the hosts' habitat. The wasps sting and bite infected host larvae and sometimes oviposit. Wasp progeny that are deposited on infected host larvae rapidly succumb to M. oryzaephili. Two-hour wasp confinement with patently infected larvae resulted in no transmission from C waterstoni to C ferrugineus and 4% transmission from C tarsalis to O. surinamensis. Contamination of wheat by wasps after they had attacked infected beetles resulted in 8.9% infection of O. surinamensis that developed from eggs that were placed on the contaminated wheat. It is proposed that Cephalonomia spp. can be used as a means to inoculate M. oryzaephili into pest grain beetle populations and aid in its dispersal to help suppress pest populations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM lord@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.biocontol.2006.01.016 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 031HB UT WOS:000236694200005 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Sanderson, JP AF Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Sanderson, JP TI Influences of impatiens pollen and exposure to Beauveria bassiana on bionomics of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE western flower thrips; Frankliniella occidentalis; bionomics; pollen; fecundity; entomopathogenic fungus; Beauveria bassiana ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; EGG FERTILITY; THYSANOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; FECUNDITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OVIPOSITION; INFECTION; DEUTEROMYCOTINA AB Adult female western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, were exposed for 24 h to impatiens leaf disks treated with Beauveria bassiana at low and high application rates (ca. 100 and 1000 viable conidia/mm(2)) and subsequently maintained on impatiens leaf disks supplemented or not supplemented with impatiens pollen. Offspring production and mortality of insects were monitored daily. Exposure to B. bassiana at the low and high rates significantly reduced thrips longevity by 3.9 and 4.0 days, reduced the ovipositional period by 3.4 and 3.0 days, and reduced lifetime fecundity by 22 and 46% at the low and high rates, respectively. Infection by B. bassiana resulted in a sublethal (pre-mortem) effect on offspring production, decreasing offspring production on the day before death by 1.2 offspring/female. Pollen Supplements had no, yet did significantly increase both daily (2.3 and 3,8 times) and lifetime fecundity (2.1 and 3.6 times) effect on adult female thrips longevity. compared to control insects in tests at the low and high rates, respectively. No significant Beauveria x pollen interactions were detected at the low rate; however, a marginally significant pollen x B. bassiana interaction was present in tests of both daily and lifetime fecundity. There was a significant effect of B. bassiana on lifetime offspring production in the presence of pollen, but the effect was not detectable in the no pollen treatment. The increase in both daily and lifetime offspring production in the presence of pollen and the slow action of B. bassiana suggest that if B. bassiana is to be used successfully as a thrips management tool in impatiens crops, it must be applied before pollen becomes present and targeted against thrips immature stages to kill the insects before they reach reproductive maturity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.020 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 031HB UT WOS:000236694200007 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Arthurs, SP Unruh, TR Headrick, H Fritts, R AF Lacey, LA Arthurs, SP Unruh, TR Headrick, H Fritts, R TI Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards: Effect of nematode species and seasonal temperatures, adjuvants, application equipment, and post-application irrigation SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematodes; codling moth; Cydia pomonella; Steinernema feltiae; Steinernema carpocapsae; temperature effect; irrigation effect; application effect ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; FORAGING STRATEGY; FRUIT BINS; PERSISTENCE; INFECTION; REPRODUCTION; SUPPRESSION; ENVIRONMENT; SELECTION AB Codling moth (CM), a serious pest of apple and pear in most countries where these fruits are grown, overwinters in cryptic habitats as cocooned diapausing larvae. Control of diapausing CM larvae would reduce or eliminate damage to fruit early in the following growing season. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have shown promise as biological control agents of cocooned CM larvae in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere, but several factors, such as choice of EPN species and other operational factors warrant investigation to provide growers with practical control options. Field trials with Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae were conducted in apple and pear orchards to determine the effects of seasonal temperatures, adjuvants, post-application irrigation, and method of application on control of cocooned CM larvae. In studies conducted in late summer, fall and early spring (1999-2000), EPNs were applied to apple trees (Golden Delicious) with a backpack sprayer at a rate of 10(6) infective juveniles (IJs)/tree plus supplemental wetting to aid survival of Us. Good control by both EPN species was observed in September (94-95% mortality in sentinel CM larvae). In October, control by S. feltiae was also effective (90% mortality), but S. carpocapsae was less effective (58% mortality), ostensibly due to the cooler conditions. In identical applications the following spring, the efficacy of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae was reduced during cool windy conditions in March 30 tests, providing 26 and 65% control of sentinel larvae, respectively, but improved during warmer conditions in April 12 tests (71 and 86% control, respectively). In further tests in the same location in mid-October 2001, S. feltiae (10(6) IJs/trec) were most effective for control of sentinel CM larvae cocooned in cardboard strips (approximate to 80% mortality) and logs (34-47%) when combined with a wetting agent (Silwet L77) or a humectant (Stockosorb) and the trees were misted for 4h post-treatment. In the absence of post-application wetting, the addition of either adjuvant (Silwet and Stockosorb) to Us also increased larval mortality in strips, although it did not significantly improve nematode efficacy on logs. In another test in late summer 1999, the use of a lance applicator (applying 2.0 x 10(6) IJs/tree) did not significantly improve control of cocooned larvae for either EPN species, when compared with a tractor-mounted airblast sprayer. Two further tests in the fall of 2003 with S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae compared post-application wetting with existing and modified irrigation in 4-year-old trellised apple (Gala) and established Bartlett pear orchards. No significant improvements in sentinel larval mortality were observed following application of both EPN species with an airblast sprayer (1-2.5 x 10(9) IJs/ha) when conventional overhead rotator sprinklers were replaced with lower volume microsprinklers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USA, Certis, Clovis, CA 93619 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.015 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 031HB UT WOS:000236694200010 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI A mild magnesium deprivation affects calcium excretion but not bone strength and shape, including changes induced by nickel deprivation, in the rat SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Workshop on Agricultural Biological Environmental Nutritional and Medical Importance of Macro Trace and Ultra Trace Elements CY SEP 24-25, 2004 CL Jena, GERMANY DE magnesium; nickel; bone; calcium; minerals; trace elements ID DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; COPPER; IRON; PHOSPHORUS; DEPLETION; PLASMA; LIPIDS; LIVER; MECHANISMS AB An experiment was performed to determine the effect of a mild magnesium deprivation on calcium metabolism and bone composition, shape, and strength in rats, and whether nickel deprivation exacerbated or alleviated any changes caused by the magnesium deprivation. Weanling male rats were assigned to groups of 10 in a factorial arrangement, with variables being supplemental nickel at 0 and 1 mg/kg and magnesium at 250 and 500 mg/kg of diet. The basal diet contained about 30 ng Ni/g. Urine was collected for 24 h during wk 8 and 12, and rats were euthanized 13 wk after dietary treatments began. Mild magnesium deprivation decreased the urinary excretion of calcium and increased the tibia concentration of calcium but did not affect femur shape or strength (measured by a three-point bending test). Dietary nickel did not alter these effects of magnesium deficiency. Nickel deprivation increased the urinary excretion of phosphorus and the femur strength variables maximum force and moment of inertia. Strength differences might have been the result of changes in bone shape. Magnesium deprivation did not alter the effects of nickel deprivation on bone. The findings indicate that a mild magnesium deficiency affects calcium metabolism but that this does not markedly affect bone strength or shape, and these effects are not modified by dietary nickel. Also, nickel deprivation affects phosphorus metabolism and bone strength and shape; these effects apparently are not caused by changes in magnesium metabolism or utilization. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1385/BTER:110:2:133 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 050LA UT WOS:000238087700004 PM 16757842 ER PT J AU McCutcheon, MC Farahani, HJ Stednick, JD Buchleiter, GW Green, TR AF McCutcheon, MC Farahani, HJ Stednick, JD Buchleiter, GW Green, TR TI Effect of soil water on apparent soil electrical conductivity and texture relationships in a dryland field SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CROP VARIABILITY; IRRIGATED SANDY; SALINITY; PREDICTION; COLORADO; MOISTURE AB Precision agriculture relies on using advanced tools to map and subsequently manage the variability across the field. There is an emerging interest in mapping apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) as a surrogate spatial map for soil texture, providing the potential for ECa mapping as a practical tool to delineate soil-based management zones for variable rate application of agricultural inputs. Results from literature are mixed and inconsistent with the practical utility of ECa to map texture (or clay content) remaining elusive because of the complex interactions between ECa and soil transient properties. The objective of this study was to explore ECa relationships with soil properties and evaluate the usefulness of ECa mapping to infer soil texture as soil water content changed from one mapping date to the next. Measurements included multiple field-scale ECa mappings of a 110 ha dryland field of 12 alternating wheat and fallow strips from 2001 to 2003, complemented with extensive soil profile sampling (198 locations) and analysis. Soil ECa values changed across mapping dates and exhibited weak temporal associations. For instance, ECa values increased by three fold from 10 mS/m in September 2001 (after wheat harvest) to 30 mS/m in May 2003 (in the emerged wheat crop). Volumetric soil water content was the dominant factor affecting the spatial and temporal ECa variability, with other measured soil properties having nearly equal, but weak to moderate, correlations with ECa. For the dryland field examined herein and under relatively dry soil water contents, ECa maps represent overall soil variability with limited utility in providing zones of texture similarities for site-specific management. (c) 2006 IAgrE. All rights reserved Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NCWCD, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. Colorado State Univ, Forestry Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Farahani, HJ (reprint author), NCWCD, 220 Water Ave, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. EM mmccutcheon@ncwcd.org; h.farahani@cgiar.org; john.stednick@colostate.edu; gerald.buchleiter@ars.usda.gov; tim.green@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 94 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.01.002 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 048VU UT WOS:000237975400002 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Nunnally, MS Price, NP AF Leathers, TD Nunnally, MS Price, NP TI Co-production of schizophyllan and arabinoxylan from corn fiber SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE arabinoxylan; corn fiber; maize; Schizophyllum commune; schizophyllan ID COMMUNE; HEMICELLULOSE; EXTRACTION; CELLULASE; XYLANASE; ENZYMES; STRAIN AB Schizophyllum commune strain ATCC 38548 grew well on a medium containing alkaline H2O2-pretreated corn fiber as a sole carbon source, and clarified the culture medium within 7 days. The strain preferentially utilized the starch component of corn fiber for growth and production of schizophyllan. Culture supernatants contained approx. 50 mg schizophyllan and 200 mg arabinoxylan per g corn fiber. These polysaccharides were recovered separately by differential precipitation with ethanol. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 28 IS 9 BP 623 EP 626 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-0028-1 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 037YW UT WOS:000237185100003 PM 16642298 ER PT J AU Colon, SM Lugo, AE AF Colon, SM Lugo, AE TI Recovery of a subtropical dry forest after abandonment of different land uses SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE alien species; biomass; Caribbean forests; disturbances; dry forests; land-use change; litterfall; plant diversity; Puerto Rico; rehabilitation; secondary succession; subtropical forests ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; PUERTO-RICO; PLANT SUCCESSION; RAIN-FOREST; USE HISTORY; PASTURES; PATTERNS; CHRONOSEQUENCE; REGENERATION AB We studied the ecological characteristics of 45-50-yr-old subtropical dry forest stands in Puerto Rico that were growing on sites that had been deforested and used intensively for up to 128 yr. The study took place in the Guanica Commonwealth Forest. Our objective was to assess the long-term effects of previous land use on this forest-i.e., its species composition, structure, and functioning. Previous land-use types included houses, farmlands, and charcoal pits. Stands with these land uses were compared with a nearby mature forest stand. The speed and path of forest recovery after deforestation and land-use abandonment depended on the conditions of the land. Study areas where land uses had removed the forest canopy and altered soil conditions (houses and farmlands) required a longer time to recover and had a different species composition than study areas where land uses retained a forest canopy (charcoal pits). Different forest attributes recovered at different rates. Crown area index, stem density, and litterfall rate recovered faster than stemwood and root, biomass, tree height, and basal area. Where previous land uses removed the canopy, Leucaena leucocephala, a naturalized alien pioneer species, dominated the regrowth. Native species dominated abandoned charcoal pits and mature forest. The change in species composition, including the invasion of alien species, appears to be the most significant long-term effect of human use and modification of the landscape. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Colon, SM (reprint author), Pontificia Catholic Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, 2250 Americas Suite 614, Ponce, PR 00717 USA. EM smolinacolon@email.pucpr.edu NR 70 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 354 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00159.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032HW UT WOS:000236766500010 ER PT J AU Irvin, EA Williams, D Voss, KA Smith, MA AF Irvin, EA Williams, D Voss, KA Smith, MA TI Immunological and pathological effects of listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant guinea pigs SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 5 MA 7 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 048GS UT WOS:000237936200008 ER PT J AU Chuine, I Rehfeldt, GE Aitken, SN AF Chuine, I Rehfeldt, GE Aitken, SN TI Height growth determinants and adaptation to temperature in pines: a case study of Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SHOOT ELONGATION; EVOLUTION; BUDBURST; GENOTYPE; TREES; ENVIRONMENTS; PROVENANCES; HARDINESS; MODEL AB In this study we aimed to compare and explain the height growth performance of two contrasting pine species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud) and western white pine(Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don.). We compiled measurements of total height growth at different ages and shoot elongation phenology realized in several provenance test trials for 109 provenances of lodgepole pine and 54 provenances of western white pine. The response of shoot elongation to temperature was assessed using a phenological model fitted on provenance mean growth curves. Although total height growth followed the same geographic trends in both species, the response of shoot elongation to temperature was different between the two, with few (lodgepole pine) or no differences among provenances (western white pine) from diverse geographic regions. The temperature for which potential cell growth rate is 50% was 10.8 +/- 0.13 degrees C (mean +/- standard error) for western white pine compared to 5.26 +/- 0.075 degrees C for lodgepole pine. Phenology did not explain growth performance differences among geographical regions in both species, which instead were explained by differences in the number of internodes set the preceding summer; provenances originating from stressful environments produced the fewest internodes, possibly due to reallocation of carbohydrates to stress resistance. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6K 1Z4, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Chuine, I (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6K 1Z4, Canada. EM isabelle.chuine@cefe.cnrs.fr NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1066 DI 10.1139/X06-005 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 053DW UT WOS:000238286000001 ER PT J AU Jensen, JLR Humes, KS Conner, T Williams, CJ DeGroot, J AF Jensen, JLR Humes, KS Conner, T Williams, CJ DeGroot, J TI Estimation of biophysical characteristics for highly variable mixed-conifer stands using small-footprint lidar SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LASER SCANNER DATA; FOREST STANDS; TREE HEIGHT; CANOPY STRUCTURE; SIMILAR NEIGHBOR; AIRBORNE LIDAR; STEM VOLUME; INVENTORY; PREDICTION; OREGON AB Although lidar data are widely available from commercial contractors, operational use in North America is still limited by both cost and the uncertainty of large-scale application and associated model accuracy issues. We analyzed whether small-footprint lidar data obtained from five noncontiguous geographic areas with varying species and structural composition, silvicultural practices, and topography could be used in a single regression model to produce accurate estimates of commonly obtained forest inventory attributes on the Nez Perce Reservation in northern Idaho, USA. Lidar-derived height metrics were used as predictor variables in a best-subset multiple linear regression procedure to determine whether a suite of stand inventory variables could be accurately estimated. Empirical relationships between lidar-derived height metrics and field-measured dependent variables were developed with training data and acceptable models validated with an independent subset. Models were then fit with all data, resulting in coefficients of determination and root mean square errors (respectively) for seven biophysical characteristics, including maximum canopy height (0.91, 3.03 m), mean canopy height (0.79, 2.64 m), quadratic mean DBH (0.61, 6.31 cm), total basal area (0.91, 2.99 m(2)/ha), ellipsoidal crown closure (0.80, 0.08%), total wood volume (0.93, 24.65 m(3)/ha), and large saw-wood volume (0.75, 28.76 m(3)/ha). Although these regression models cannot be generalized to other sites without additional testing, the results obtained in this study suggest that for these types of mixed-conifer forests, some biophysical characteristics can be adequately estimated using a single regression model over stands with highly variable structural characteristics and topography. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ketchikan Misty Fjords Ranger Dist, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Coll Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Nez Perce Tribal Forestry, Lapwai, ID 83540 USA. RP Jensen, JLR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, 375 S Line St,McClure Hall 203, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jjensen@uidaho.edu RI Jensen, Jennifer/A-8907-2009; Jensen, Jennifer/E-8158-2013 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1138 DI 10.1139/X06-007 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 053DW UT WOS:000238286000008 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Fernando, WGD de Kievit, TR Berry, C Daayf, F Paulitz, TC AF Zhang, Y Fernando, WGD de Kievit, TR Berry, C Daayf, F Paulitz, TC TI Detection of anti biotic-related genes from bacterial biocontrol agents with polymerase chain reaction SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas; Bacillus; biocontrol; antibiotic genes ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5; BACILLUS-CEREUS; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING BACTERIA; ZWITTERMICIN; PYOLUTEORIN; RHIZOSPHERE; CLUSTER; BIOSYNTHESIS; PYRROLNITRIN; FREQUENCY AB Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23, Pseudomonas spp. strain DF41, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS6 consistently inhibit infection of canola petals by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in both greenhouse and field experiments. Bacillus thuringiensis BS8, Bacillus cereus L, and Bacillus mycoides S have shown significant inhibition against S. sclerotiorum on plate assays. The presence of antibiotic biosynthetic or self-resistance genes in these strains was investigated with polymerase chain reaction and, in one case, Southern blotting. Thirty primers were used to amplify (i) antibiotic biosythetic genes encoding phenazine-l-carboxylic acid, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin, and pyrrolnitrin, and (ii) the zwittermicin A self-resistance gene. Our findings revealed that the fungal antagonist P. chlororaphis PA23 contains biosynthetic genes for phenazine-l-carboxylic acid and pyrrolnitrin. Moreover, production of these compounds was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. Pseudomonas spp. DF41 and B. amyloliquefaciens BS6 do not appear to harbour genes for any of the antibiotics tested. Bacillus thuringiensis BS8, B. cereus L, and B. mycoides S contain the zwittermicin A self-resistance gene. This is the first report of zmaR in B. mycoides. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fernando, WGD (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM D_Fernando@umanitoba.ca RI Daayf, Fouad/F-4988-2011; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803; Daayf, Fouad/0000-0001-8912-0460 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1139/W05-152 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 058PZ UT WOS:000238678400011 PM 16699573 ER PT J AU Gabriel, HE Liu, ZH Crott, JW Choi, SW Song, BC Mason, JB Johnson, EJ AF Gabriel, HE Liu, ZH Crott, JW Choi, SW Song, BC Mason, JB Johnson, EJ TI A comparison of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in the serum and buccal mucosa of chronic cigarette smokers versus nonsmokers SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; VITAMIN-C STATUS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; DIETARY-INTAKE AB Background: Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer, is reported to alter oral levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. Such effects may be important because these nutrients, as well as retinoids, are putative chemoprotective agents. Objectives: To determine whether chronic smoking is associated with altered concentrations of these nutrients in serum and buccal mucosa; to distinguish whether such effects are ascribable to diet; and to determine whether oral concentrations of these nutrients correlate with a putative biomarker of oral cancer risk. Methods: Serum and buccal mucosal cells (BMC) were analyzed for these nutrients and for BMC micronuclei in smokers (n = 35) and nonsmokers (n = 21). Results: General linear regression with adjustments for dietary intake showed that smokers possess lower serum concentrations of beta- and alpha-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin (P <= 0.01) and a significantly higher serum gamma-tocopherol (P = 0.03). In BMCs, smokers had significantly lower concentrations of beta- and alpha-carotene, lycopene, and alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.05) but significantly higher gamma-tocopherol (P < 0.01). Among nonsmokers, many serum carotenoid concentrations correlated with concentrations of the corresponding nutrient in BMCs whereas no such correlations existed among smokers. BMC micronuclei did not correlate with the oral concentration of any micronutrient. Conclusions: Chronic cigarette smokers have lower concentrations of many dietary antioxidants in serum and BMCs compared with nonsmokers, an effect which is not entirely ascribable to diet. Nevertheless, the lack of concordance between oral concentrations of these nutrients and genetic damage in the BMCs of smokers does not support a protective role for these nutrients in oral carcinogenesis. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayers US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA USA. Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayers US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA100048, U54 CA100971] NR 55 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 993 EP 999 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0664 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 044ZU UT WOS:000237713200026 PM 16702382 ER PT J AU Wu, YV Payne-Wahl, KL Vaughn, SF AF Wu, YV Payne-Wahl, KL Vaughn, SF TI Corn gluten meal odorants and volatiles after treatment to improve flavor SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FLUE-CURED TOBACCO; TERPENE GLUCOSIDE; CAROTENOIDS AB Production of corn gluten meal (CGM), a high-protein coproduct from wet milling of corn, is increasing as production of fuel ethanol from corn increases. Unpleasant taste and odor have limited the use of CGM in human food. Adjustment of pH and extraction with water have been reported to reduce the off-flavor of CGM but the improvement is not enough for substantial addition of CGM to the human diet. More study of CGM is needed. In this study, volatile compounds released under different conditions of pH, water extraction, and temperature were identified and compared using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The water-extractable portion, which improves the taste of CGM by its absence, was dried and analyzed by SPME-GC-MS. In addition, materials extractable from CGM with methylene chloride were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, the spontaneous generation of a CGM-like odor accompanied by a change in physical appearance of the CGM sample was described. Flavors and odors known to be associated with the identified CGM compounds were listed. Some possible origins of the volatiles, from degradation of corn constituents or as fermentation products of the corn steeping process, were noted. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Payne-Wahl, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Paynek1@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0228 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900002 ER PT J AU Nash, D Lanning, SP Fox, P Martin, JM Blake, NK Souza, E Graybosch, RA Giroux, MJ Talbert, LE AF Nash, D Lanning, SP Fox, P Martin, JM Blake, NK Souza, E Graybosch, RA Giroux, MJ Talbert, LE TI Relationship of dough extensibility to dough strength in a spring wheat cross SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-PROTEIN COMPOSITION; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; STORAGE PROTEINS; GLUTENIN; SUBUNITS; FLOUR; LINES; IDENTIFICATION AB A negative relationship between dough strength and dough extensibility would pose a problem for breeding hard wheats, as both dough strength and dough extensibility are desirable. We derived 77 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross between hard red spring wheat cultivars McNeal and Thatcher. McNeal produces flour with stronger dough and lower extensibility than does Thatcher. RIL were evaluated for strength-related properties using mixograph analysis and extensibility parameters using the Kieffer attachment to the TA.XT2 texture analyzer. Additionally, the RIL were test baked. Measurements using the mixograph and the Kieffer attachment were highly heritable. Maximum dough extensibility (Ext(max)) was negatively correlated with resistance to extension (R-max) (r = -0.74) and with mixograph tolerance (r = -0.45). Loaf volume was correlated with both R-max (r = 0.42) and area under the extensigraph curve (r = 0.44) based on partial correlation analysis adjusted for protein differences. Ext(max) was negatively correlated with loaf volume (r = -0.26). The McNeal allele for polymorphism at the Gli1-B1 locus on chromosome 1BS caused high dough-mixing tolerance and low dough extensibility. Our results suggest that traditional selection criteria in hard red spring wheat, including tolerance to dough mixing and high loaf volume, may result in reduced dough extensibility. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Talbert, LE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM usslt@montana.edu RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010; Fox, Philip/A-3657-2013 OI Fox, Philip/0000-0001-8994-6422 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0255 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900006 ER PT J AU Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB Todd, TC Seib, PA AF Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB Todd, TC Seib, PA TI Measurement of wheat starch granule size distribution using image analysis and laser diffraction technology SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE; FLOUR; GELATINIZATION; ENDOSPERM; AMYLOSE; BREAD; DOUGH; AMYLOPECTIN; PERFORMANCE; BREADMAKING AB Starch was isolated from flour of four wheats representing hard red winter (Karl), hard red spring (Gunner), durum (Belfield 3), and spell (WK 86035-8) wheat classes. Digital image analysis (IA) coupled with light microscopy was used to determine starch size distributions where the volume of granules was calculated as spherical particles or oblate spheroids. Starch granules were classified into three size ranges: A-type granules ( > 15 mu m), B-type granules (5-15 mu m), and C-type granules ( < 5 mu m). An error was noted in using digital image analysis because the perimeter of some granules touch the edge (PTE) of the field being analyzed. To correct for this error, the PTE granules were manually replaced into the field by measuring their diameters and entering them into the database. The results showed differences in the starch size distributions between the classes of wheat evaluated, as well as the method of analysis. Four laser diffraction sizing (LDS) instruments were used to measure granule distributions of the four classes of wheat. LDS compared with IA resulted in a approximate to 40% underestimation of the A-type granule diameter and a approximate to 50% underestimation of the B-type granule diameter. A correction factor (adjustment) was developed from IA data to correct LDS analysis. LDS data correlations before adjustments to IA data were R-2 = 0.02(ns) to 0.55(***). After adjustment, these correlations improved to R-2 = 0.81(***) to 0.93(***) depending on the class of wheat starch evaluated. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jeff.wilson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 30 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0259 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900007 ER PT J AU Gaines, CS Reid, JF Vander Kant, C Morris, CF AF Gaines, CS Reid, JF Vander Kant, C Morris, CF TI Comparison of methods for gluten strength assessment SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Five methods that employed very different testing principles and procedures for assessing gluten quality were compared for 33 North American soft red and white wheats. The three methods analyzed flour (alveograph work, lactic acid solvent retention capacity, and mixograph peak time) and two methods employed ground wheat meal (Glutomatic gluten index and SDS sedimentation volume). Compared against the normalized mean of all five assessments, the ability of the assessment methods to evaluate gluten quality decreased in the order: alveograph work, lactic acid solvent retention capacity, mixograph peak time, Glutomatic gluten index, and SDS sedimentation volume. The methods utilizing flour were substantially superior predictive methods; however, the two meal-based methods could be sufficient for early generation screening when flour is not available. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Grain Qual Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Hyland Seeds WG Thompson & Sons, Blenheim, ON N0P 1A0, Canada. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM gaines.31@osu.edu NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0284 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900010 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA Hansen, LE Souza, E Dowell, FE AF Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA Hansen, LE Souza, E Dowell, FE TI Single kernel near-infrared analysis of tetraploid (Durum) wheat for classification of the waxy condition SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AMYLOSE CONTENT; MAIZE STARCHES; NOODLE QUALITY; IDENTIFICATION; LINES; PROTEINS; FLOURS; ALLELE AB Plant breeding programs are active worldwide in the development of waxy hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid (T turgidum L. var. durum) wheats. Conventional breeding practices will produce waxy cultivars adapted to their intended geographical region that confer unique end use characteristics. Essential to waxy wheat development, a means to rapidly and, ideally, nondestructively identify the waxy condition is needed for point-of-sale use. The study described herein evaluated the effectiveness of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance single-kernel spectroscopy for classification of durum wheat into its four possible waxy alleles: wild type, waxy, and the two intermediate states in which a null allele occurs at either of the two homologous genes (Wx-1A and Wx-1B) that encodes for the production of the enzyme granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) that controls amylose synthesis. Two years of breeders' samples (2003 and 2004), corresponding to 47 unique lines subdivided about equally into the four GBSS genotypes, were scanned in reflectance (1,000-1,700 nm) on an individual kernel basis. Linear discriminant analysis models were developed using the best set of four wavelengths, best four wavelength differences, and best four principal components. Each model consistently demonstrated the high ability (typically > 95% of the time) to classify the fully waxy genotype. However, correct classification among the three other genotypes (wild type, wx-A1 null, and wx-B1 null) was generally not possible. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Idaho, Plant Breeding & Genet Dept, Aberdeen, ID USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM delwiche@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0287 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900011 ER PT J AU Wang, YG Khan, K Hareland, G Nygard, G AF Wang, YG Khan, K Hareland, G Nygard, G TI Quantitative glutenin composition from gel electrophoresis of flour mill streams and relationship to breadmaking quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; ALLELIC VARIATION; WHEAT CULTIVARS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; SDS-PAGE; QUANTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; CROSSES AB Three samples of Nekota (hard red winter wheat) were milled, and six mill streams were collected from each sample. The 18 mill streams were analyzed separately as well as recombined to form three patent flours. The methods of multistacking (MS)-SDS-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were used to separate the unreduced SDS-soluble glutenins and the total reduced proteins, respectively. The separated proteins were quantified by densitometry. The quantity of unreduced SDS-soluble proteins was significantly different among the mill streams at the 4% (largest molecular weight polymeric glutenins) and at the 10 and 12% (smaller molecular weight polymeric glutenins) origins of the MS-SDS-PAGE gels. The quantities of total HMW-GS, LMW-GS, 2*, 7+9, and 5+10 subunits and the ratio of HMW-GS to LMW-GS in polymeric protein samples isolated using preparative MS-SDS-PAGE and in total reduced protein extracts were significantly different among mill streams. The quantities of HMW-GS, LMW-GS, 2*, 7+9, and 5+10 subunits from total reduced proteins were positively and significantly correlated with loaf volume. The quantities of glutenin subunits (both HMW-GS and LMW-GS) from unreduced SDS-soluble proteins were positively or negatively correlated with loaf volume at the various MS-SDS-PAGE gel origins but the levels of correlation were not significant. These results showed that the glutenin protein composition was different among the various mill streams and demonstrated that electrophoretic analysis of the proteins in these fractions is a useful tool for studying the variation in functional properties of flour mill streams. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Wang, YG (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0293 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900012 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Yee, E Wood, D Shey, J Glenn, G Orts, W AF Chiou, BS Yee, E Wood, D Shey, J Glenn, G Orts, W TI Effects of processing conditions on nanoclay dispersion in starch-clay nanocomposites SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOUNDED COPOLYAMIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; NYLON-6 NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; MELT INTERCALATION; LAYERED SILICATES; EXTRUSION; ORGANOCLAY; EXFOLIATION AB Wheat starch samples containing Cloisite Na+ and 30B nanoclays were extruded from a twin-screw extruder. Moisture content, temperature, and screw speed were varied to determine their effect on nanoclay dispersion. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine nanoclay intercalation and exfoliation. Moisture content had the largest effect on Cloisite Na+ dispersion, with the highest moisture sample containing exfoliated nanoclays. Meanwhile, temperature and screw speed had little effect on Cloisite Na+ dispersion. For Cloisite 30B samples, only an increase in temperature produced slight intercalation of nanoclays. This was due to the incompatibility of starch with the more hydrophobic Cloisite 30B. Also, Cloisite Na+ and 30B intercalation did not depend on specific mechanical energy. In addition, water absorbance tests indicated the Cloisite Na+ sample containing the most welldispersed nanoclays had the lowest water uptake. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bschiou@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0300 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046VT UT WOS:000237839900013 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS AF Kahlon, TS TI The new food guide pyramid: Recommendations on grains, fruits, and vegetables SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; WHOLE-GRAIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; FOLLOW-UP; DIETARY FIBER; OLDER WOMEN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1094/CFW-51-0104 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 049TL UT WOS:000238039800001 ER PT J AU Remsberg, AJ Lewis, TL Huber, PW Asmus, KA AF Remsberg, Alysa J. Lewis, Timothy L. Huber, Philip W. Asmus, Kimberly A. TI Home ranges of wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in northern Michigan SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reptilia; testudines; Emydidae; Glyptemys insculpta; turtle; ecology; home range; habitat quality; turtle conservation; Huron National Forest; Michigan; USA ID CLEMMYS-INSCULPTA; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; POPULATION; HABITAT; MOVEMENTS; CONSERVATION; WISCONSIN; ECOLOGY AB We studied a population of wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) along 42 km of a river in a national forest in northern Michigan. For each of 3 summers (1998-2000), 9 or 10 turtles were radiotelemetered and relocated 3-6 times per week; during one winter (2000-2001) 5 turtles were radiotelemetered and relocated once per month. Mean summer home range estimates using 95% adaptive kernel were 40.6 ha (range 0.4-354 ha); using the minimum convex polygon method, summer home ranges averaged 30.2 ha (range 0.2-390 ha). No statistical relationships were found between size of summer home ranges and turtle age, size, or sex. Summer home ranges in 2000 were significantly larger than those in previous years. Because 2 of the study years were unusually dry, we calculated drought indices for each year of the study. We report larger summer home ranges for wood turtles than have been reported in previous studies, including those that report annual home ranges, which may indicate poorer habitat quality in our study area or drought effects. C1 Wittenberg Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Mio, MI 48647 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Springville, UT 84663 USA. RP Remsberg, AJ (reprint author), Wittenberg Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. EM remsburg@wisc.edu; tlewis@wittenberg.edu; phuber@fs.fed.us; kimberlyasmus@utah.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 046FE UT WOS:000237796000007 ER PT J AU Speer, CA Scott, MC Bannantine, JP Waters, WR Mori, Y Whitlock, RH Eda, S AF Speer, CA Scott, MC Bannantine, JP Waters, WR Mori, Y Whitlock, RH Eda, S TI A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infections (Johne's disease) in cattle SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL CULTURE; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; LOSSES; ELISA AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the diagnosis of Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, were developed using whole bacilli treated with formaldehyde (called WELISA) or surface antigens obtained by treatment of H. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli with formaldehyde and then brief sonication (called SELISA). ELISA plates were coated with either whole bacilli or sonicated antigens and tested for reactivity against serum obtained from JD-positive and JD-negative cattle or from calves experimentally inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, or Mycobacterium bovis. Because the initial results obtained from the WELISA and SELISA were similar, most of the subsequent experiments reported herein were performed using the SELISA method. To optimize the SELISA test, various concentrations (3.7 to 37%) of formaldehyde and intervals of sonication (2 to 300 s) were tested. With an increase in formaldehyde concentration and a decreased interval of sonication, there was a concomitant decrease in nonspecific binding by the SELISA. SELISAs prepared by treating M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis with 37% formaldehyde and then a 2-s burst of sonication produced the greatest difference (7X) between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-negative and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive serum samples. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for JD by the SELISA were greater than 95%. The SELISA showed subspecies-specific detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in calves experimentally inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or other mycobacteria. Based on diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the SELISA appears superior to the commercial ELISAs routinely used for the diagnosis of JD. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Dept Immunol, Immune Syst Sect, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Speer, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. EM caspeer@utk.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.5.535-540.2006 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 042DB UT WOS:000237506500001 PM 16682472 ER PT J AU Johansen, KA Overturf, K AF Johansen, KA Overturf, K TI Alterations in expression of genes associated with muscle metabolism and growth during nutritional restriction and refeeding in rainbow trout SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; muscle; metabolism; rainbow trout; real-time PCR ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; QUANTITATIVE EXPRESSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PYRUVATE-KINASE; IN-VITRO; MYOSTATIN; PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIATION; HOMOLOGY AB Rainbow trout, as well as many other species of fish, demonstrate the ability to survive starvation for long periods of time. During starvation, growth rate is decreased and muscle exhibits signs of wasting. However, upon resumption of feeding, accelerated growth is often observed. Alterations in muscle metabolism occur during feed restriction and refeeding, although the ways in which these alterations affect the molecular pathways that control muscle growth have not been fully determined. To analyze changes in muscle metabolism and growth during starvation and refeeding, real-time PCR was used to test the expression of six metabolic-related genes and eight muscle-specific genes in rainbow trout white muscle prior to and after 30days of starvation, and after 4 and 14days of refeeding. The six metabolic-related genes chosen are indicative of specific metabolic pathways: glycolysis, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid formation. The eight muscle specific genes chosen are key components in muscle growth and structural integrity, i.e., MRFs, MEFs, myostatins, and myosin. Alterations in expression of the tested metabolic-related genes and muscle-specific genes suggest that during both starvation and refeeding, changes in specific metabolic pathways initiate shifts in muscle that result mainly in the modification of myotube hypertrophy. The expression levels of many of the metabolic-related genes were altered during the refeeding period compared to those observed before the starvation period began. However, the accelerated growth often observed during refeeding is likely driven by changes in normal muscle metabolism, and the altered expression observed here may be a demonstration of those changes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM kennetho@uidaho.edu NR 38 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.02.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 037VL UT WOS:000237175500014 PM 16545592 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Small, BC AF Davis, KB Small, BC TI Rates of cortisol increase and decrease in channel catfish and sunshine bass exposed to an acute confinement stressor SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; stress; sunshine bass; channel catfish; metomidate ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMA-CORTISOL; CHINOOK SALMON; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE TELEOST; STRIPED BASS AB Channel catfish and sunshine bass were exposed to a low-water stress event and allowed to recover in fresh water or a solution of metomidate (dl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-5-(metoxycarbonyl) imidazole hydrochloride), which inhibits the synthesis of cortisol. Change in time of plasma cortisol was used as an index of cortisol secretion and clearance. Plasma cortisol and glucose increased during the exposure to low-water stress in both fish, but the changes of both plasma components were more dramatic in sunshine bass. Exposure to metomidate during recovery resulted in a short-term increase in plasma glucose but differences between controls and metomidate-exposed fish were relatively minor thereafter. Cortisol began to decrease in catfish immediately after the removal of the stress but continued to increase for 15 min in sunshine bass recovering in fresh water and for 5 min in bass recovering in metomidate. Catfish recovering in fresh water had a cortisol elimination rate of -1.28 ng/mL/min compared with -2.45 ng/mL/min for fish recovering in metomidate (P > 0.05) while sunshine bass recovering in fresh water had an elimination rate of -6.96 ng/mL/min compared with -4.50 ng/mL/min for fish recovering in metomidate (P > 0.05). These data indicate that the rapid decrease of plasma cortisol after removal of the stressor is due to an almost immediate decrease of secretion, tissue uptake and a rapid renal loss due to the absence of a plasma binding protein. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 38,POB 1050, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kbdavis@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 143 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.01.003 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 035VU UT WOS:000237030600019 PM 16466968 ER PT J AU Wiens, JD Reynolds, RT Noon, BR AF Wiens, JD Reynolds, RT Noon, BR TI Juvenile movement and natal dispersal of Northern Goshawks in Arizona SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; Arizona; fidelity; gene flow; inbreeding avoidance; natal dispersal; Northern Goshawk ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; POSTNESTLING BEHAVIOR; RESERVE DESIGN; SPOTTED OWLS; PHILOPATRY; POPULATION; FOREST; BIRDS; ABUNDANCE AB We investigated the departure, transient movement, and local settlement stages of natal dispersal in a population of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) on the Kaibab Plateau of northern Arizona. The study included 614 color-banded juveniles produced at 555 nests during 1991-2003, 89 of which were radio-marked during 1998-2001. Radio-marked juveniles initiated dispersal between 71 and 103 days posthatching, and spent between 33 and 66 days in the natal territory after fledging. Our best-fitting proportional hazards models predicted the timing of dispersal as a function of annual differences in the density of primary bird and mammal prey species, weather conditions, and natal brood size. Once dispersal was initiated, most juveniles moved into the more open habitats that surrounded the study area and few eventually returned to breed; first-year fidelity to the local natal population was 28% and only 69 (11%) color-banded juveniles had entered the territorial population by 2004. Median natal dispersal distance on the Kaibab Plateau was 15.0 km (range = 0.1-58.1 km), a distance equivalent to about four times the diameter of an average breeding territory (3.8 km). Local settlement behavior of Northern Goshawks appeared to be driven by a combination of intraspecific competition for a limited number of breeding opportunities and inbreeding avoidance. However, much of the natal dispersal process operated at broad spatial scales beyond our study population, indicating a potentially high level of demographic connectivity among naturally fragmented breeding populations in the American Southwest. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wiens, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.wiens@oregonstate.edu RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 73 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 253 EP 269 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800001 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL AF Purcell, Kathryn L. TI Abundance and productivity of Warbling Vireos across an elevational gradient in the Sierra Nevada SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE abundance; brood parasitism; elevational gradient; nest success; productivity; Vireo gilvus; Warbling Vireo ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; BREEDING PRODUCTIVITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; SPECIES BORDERS; NEST SUCCESS; POPULATION; PARASITISM; PATTERNS; HABITAT AB Recent studies have shown that Warbling Vireos (Vireo gilvus) are declining in California and that these trends are due to low reproductive success. Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) has been implicated in the low productivity. I explored two hypotheses related to population dynamics of Warbling Vireos along an elevational gradient: (1) potential source populations exist at high elevations where cowbirds are rare, and (2) potential source populations occur in the center of the elevational distribution with less productive populations at upper and lower elevations. From 1985 through 2002 I studied the abundance and productivity of Warbling Vireos over an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada. Warbling Vireos were most abundant in mid elevation mixed conifer sites, less abundant in lower elevation ponderosa pine sites and upper elevation true fir sites and rare in upper elevation lodgepole pine sites. Likewise, daily survival rates of nests were highest at mid elevations (similar to 1800 m) and gradually decreased at both higher and lower elevations. Compared to other populations studied in California, nest success in mixed conifer habitat was high (60%, n = 58). Although rates of brood parasitism were high enough to be of concern in low-elevation ponderosa pine forests, cowbird parasitism was not observed in mid- to upper-elevation forests. Warbling Vireos were most productive where they were most abundant. The hypothesis that potential source populations exist at upper elevations did not appear to hold at the upper bounds of the elevational distribution. The results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that potential source populations occur in the center of the elevational distribution, with less productive populations at both lower and higher elevations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM kpurcell@fs.fed.us RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[315:AAPOWV]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800006 ER PT J AU Rubenstein, KD Smale, M Widrlechner, MP AF Rubenstein, KD Smale, M Widrlechner, MP TI Demand for genetic resources and the US National Plant Germplasm System SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIONS; IMPROVEMENT; CROPS AB Although genetic resources have strong public-goods characteristics, public genebanks often have struggled for adequate funding. A review of economic literature on the value of plant genetic resources indicated that more information is needed about germplasm use. The data compiled in this paper examine patterns of germplasm use for one of the world's largest national genebank networks, the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Data on 10 major crops, gathered directly from within the NPGS and from end-users, revealed patterns of usage for germplasm during the period from 1995 to 1999. Data were collected describing the characteristics of NPGS users, the types of germplasm requested, the purpose of requests, and, when applicable, the specific traits sought. From these findings, we estimated the utility of distributed materials, their secondary use, and projected future demand for NPGS resources. To explore relationships between the usefulness of germplasm samples and accompanying data in a more systematic fashion, we estimated a linear regression. The regression model suggests that accompanying data make germplasm more useful. We conclude that demand for NPGS resources was substantial and came from broad range of users. Utilization rates were higher than suggested by past studies. Countries with developing economies made greater use of NPGS resources, relatively speaking, than did countries with high-income economies. Finally, demand for NPGS resources is likely to increase, especially among users in countries with developing economics. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduc Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rubenstein, KD (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM kday@ers.usda.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1021 EP 1031 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0129 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900001 ER PT J AU Riday, H Brummer, EC AF Riday, H Brummer, EC TI Persistence and yield stability of intersubspecific alfalfa hybrids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETEROSIS; QUALITY AB Long-term persistence and sustained biomass yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands are important to producers. Yield performance and persistence of intrasubspecific crosses between alfalfa subspecies sativa and falcata after the first post-establishment year are unknown. The objectives of this study were to measure biomass yields, persistence, and biomass yield stability in inter- and intrasubspecific alfalfa crosses derived by mating nine elite sativa clones and five falcata clones in a half-diallel. Progeny were space planted in 1998 at Ames and Nashua, 1A, and evaluated for persistence, biomass yield, and biomass yield stability from 1998 through 2002. Medicago sativa subsp. sativa (sativa) X M. sativa subsp. falcata (falcata) hybrids produced substantial biomass yield and exhibited heterosis through the first post-establishment year, but declined in subsequent years. From 1998 through 2002 the intersubspecific hybrids had persistence equivalent to the more persistent parental subspecies, with the effect becoming more apparent as time progressed. Intrasubspecific hybrids had less biomass yield stability than the more stable intrasubspecific sativa crosses. The results indicate that selection of improved falcata germplasm for long term persistence and higher yield is needed. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ctr Plant Breeding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM riday@wisc.edu RI Riday, Heathcliffe/C-6091-2009 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1058 EP 1063 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0272 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900005 ER PT J AU Dombrowski, JE Baldwin, JC Azevedo, MD Banowetz, GM AF Dombrowski, JE Baldwin, JC Azevedo, MD Banowetz, GM TI A sensitive PCR-based assay to detect Neotyphodium fungi in seed and plant tissue of tall fescue and ryegrass species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; EPICHLOE ENDOPHYTES; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; GRASSES; IMMUNOBLOT; DIVERSITY; FORAGE; ELISA AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for detection of Neotyphodium endophytes in seed and plant tissue from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Italian (Lolium multifloram Lam.), and perennial (Lolium perenne L.) ryegrasses was developed. The primers were designed to amplify products from a conserved region of the Neotyphodium spp. tubulin 2 gene which is present in N. coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and W. Gams) Glenn, C.W. Bacon, and Hanlin (endophyte of tall fescue), N. lolii (Latch, MJ. Chr., and Samuels) Glenn, C.W. Bacon, and Hanlin (endophyte of perennial ryegrass), and N. occultans C.D. Moon, B. Scott, and M.J. Chr. (endophyte of Italian ryegrass). PCR yielded the expected amplification products from infected seed lots for tall fescue (358 base pairs [bp]), Italian ryegrass (364 bp), and perennial ryegrass (370 bp). Based on DNA mixture tests and bulk seed analysis, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect as little as one infected seed per 50 seeds tested. In addition, the printer set detected the Neotyphodium spp. endophyte in all plant tissues except roots. Comparison of the PCR-based assay to microscopic examination and immunoblot detection of endophytes in seed lots showed that all three methods compared favorably to one another. However, none of the three methods could distinguish between viable and nonviable endophyte in seed. This PCR method provides an accurate, sensitive approach for detecting the presence of the endophyte in these grasses, while maintaining enough specificity to discriminate Neotyphodium spp. from related fungal contaminants such as ergot [Claviceps purpurea (Fr.:Fr.) Tul.]. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dombrowski, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dombrowj@onid.orst.edu NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1064 EP 1070 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0054 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900006 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Jannink, JL McMullen, MS AF Doehlert, DC Jannink, JL McMullen, MS TI Kernel size variation in naked oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Kernel size in naked oat (Avena sativa L.) is of interest because of the importance of groat size in determining flake size in "old fashioned" style oat flakes. Here we compared naked oat kernel size distributions with those of hulled oat (Avena sativa L.). Most hulled oat spikelets have two kernels, where the primary kernel is distinctly larger than the secondary kernel. Although naked oat panicle architecture was similar to that of hulled oat, naked oat had a distinctive multiflorous spikelet architecture that contained from one to six kernels. Because single and double-kernel spikelets were most abundant in naked oat, the mean kernel number per spikelet did not differ between hulled oat and most naked genotypes. Like hulled oat, naked oat kernel size decreased with increasing kernel order. All hulled oat and most naked genotypes had size distributions departing from normality, but some naked genotypes had normal kernel size distributions. Variances of naked oat kernel size were much smaller than those of hulled genotypes, indicating a greater degree of kernel sizes uniformity in naked genotypes. However, the increased variation in the hulled oat kernel size appeared to be due to the presence of the bull and hulled oat groats had about the same size variation as did naked oat groats. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durm Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durm Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1117 EP 1123 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0171 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900013 ER PT J AU Burner, DM MacKown, CT AF Burner, DM MacKown, CT TI Nitrogen effects on herbage nitrogen use and nutritive value in a meadow and loblolly pine alley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; SHADE; ORCHARDGRASS; FERTILIZER; EFFICIENCY; RECOVERY; GRASSES; GROWTH; FORAGE; SYSTEM AB Herbage response to N is poorly understood in alley cropping systems. Our objective was to determine site specific effects of N on herbage N use and nutritive value in separate experiments conducted in a meadow and a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) alley (995 trees ha(-1)) near Booneville, AR. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was the predominant herbage species. Fertilizer N was broadcast as split-applications at six rates (100 kg ha(-1) increments from 0 to 500 kg ha-1 yr(-1)). The proportion of total herbage as tall fescue was favored at rates >= 200 kg N ha(-1), but these rates increased concentrations of herbage NO3--N in the pine alley to potentially harmful levels for grazing ruminants (> 2300 mu g NO3--N g(-1)). Cumulative herbage N use efficiency (CNUE) was 23 and 10 kg dry weight per kilogram supplied N for the meadow and pine alley, respectively. Cumulative N acquisition efficiency (CNAE), not cumulative N conversion efficiency (CNCE), appeared to be the primary driver of low CNUE in the pine alley. The apparent increase in crude protein (CP) in pine alley vs. meadow herbage appeared to be a mechanistic response to decreased specific leaf weight. Only maintenance levels (>= 100 kg ha(-1)) of N fertilization should be applied to pine alley herbage given the low CNUE, and risk of NO3--N toxicity to ruminant livestock at higher N rates. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1149 EP 1155 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0240 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900018 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JN Wu, JX McCarty, JC Saha, S Gutierrez, O Hayes, R Stelly, DM AF Jenkins, JN Wu, JX McCarty, JC Saha, S Gutierrez, O Hayes, R Stelly, DM TI Genetic effects of thirteen Gossypium barbadense L. chromosome substitution lines in topcrosses with upland cotton cultivars: I. Yield and yield components SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; WHEAT; LOCI; PERFORMANCE; LOCATION; HIRSUTUM; 3A; IDENTIFICATION; QTLS AB Gossypium barbadense L. line 3-79 is lower in yield, has smaller bolls and longer, finer, and stronger fibers than upland cotton G. hirsutum L. Thirteen chromosome substitution (CS-B) lines with individual 3-79 chromosomes or arms substituted into TM-1, G. hirsutum, were top crossed with five elite cultivars and additive and dominance effects for the yield components, lint percentage, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and lint yield, were measured over four environments. Additive effects were greater than dominance effects for all traits. CS-B lines had smaller additive and homozygous dominance effects than the cultivars for most traits. Many CS-B lines had negative additive effects; however, chromosome substituted arms 22sh and 22Lo showed additive effects for lint yield that were significantly greater than homologous chromosome arms in TM-1. Hybrids of DP90 X CS-B15sh, ST 474 X CS-B17, and FM 966 X CS-B02 had positive dominance effects for lint yield significantly greater than the homologous chromosomes in TM-1. Several chromosomes or arms were associated with significant negative additive or dominance effects. These data provide a valuable baseline on yield components for the utility of these CS-B lines in commercial breeding programs. When individual chromosomes or chromosome arms, via CS-B lines, are used in crosses with cultivars, alleles for yield components on specific G. barbadense chromosomes were uncovered that showed positive interactions with alleles in elite germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jnjenkins@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1169 EP 1178 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0269 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900020 ER PT J AU Hanson, BD Shaner, DL Westra, P Nissen, SJ AF Hanson, BD Shaner, DL Westra, P Nissen, SJ TI Response of selected hard red wheat lines to Imazamox as affected by number and location of resistance genes, parental background, and growth habit SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; TOLERANT WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; IMIDAZOLINONE RESISTANCE; HERBICIDE; REGISTRATION; CROPS AB Imidazolinone-resistant (IR) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released for commercial production in portions of the USA in 2002 and has provided growers with a new technology to selectively control winter annual grass weeds. Imidazolinone herbicides inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS) in susceptible plants; however, IR wheat has an altered target site which confers resistance to these herbicides. The mutation-derived resistance trait of most commercially available IR winter wheat cultivars is located on the D-genome; however, winter and spring wheat cultivars with the resistance trait on the A, B, or D genome or on multiple genomes are currently under development. Four groups of near-isoline wheat with spring or winter growth habit and resistance genes on the B, D, or both B and D genomes were compared for whole plant and ALS enzyme response to imazamox. Biomass accumulation after treatment was similar among B- and D-genome resistant winter wheat biotypes and was always higher than Band D-genome resistant spring wheat biotypes. D-genome resistant spring wheat was more resistant than B-genome resistant spring wheat and the two-gene resistant spring wheat had an additive level of tolerance to imazamox compared with single-gene resistant spring wheat. Growth habit (spring vs. winter) did not affect in vitro ALS activity among B- or among D-genome resistant cultivars; however, D-genome resistant cultivars had significantly higher in vitro ALS activity in the presence of imazamox compared with B-genome resistant cultivars regardless of growth habit. D-genome resistance appears to provide greater tolerance to imazamox compared with B-genome resistance; however, multiple-genome resistance likely will be required to consistently avoid crop injury in spring wheat from labeled U.S. rates. Although ALS extracted from winter wheat and spring wheat responded similarly to imazamox, whole plant responses demonstrates that tolerance is affected by factors other than resistance gene location. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM bhanson@fresno.ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1206 EP 1211 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0392 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900024 ER PT J AU Schwarte, AJ Gibson, LR Karlen, DL Dixon, PM Liebman, M Jannink, JL AF Schwarte, AJ Gibson, LR Karlen, DL Dixon, PM Liebman, M Jannink, JL TI Planting date effects on winter triticale grain yield and yield components SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SEEDING DATE; WHEAT; SASKATCHEWAN; GROWTH; STRESS; WEIGHT; RYE AB Winter triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) has the potential to introduce valuable economic and environmental benefits to U.S. grain production systems. To maximize triticale's value, research was conducted to identify planting dates that allow maximum productivity after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Winter triticale was planted at 10-d intervals from 15 September to 15 October at three Iowa locations: central, NE, and SW, during three growing seasons: 2001-2002, 2002-2003, and 2003-2004. Grain yield decreased with planting dates after late September at the NE and SW locations in 2002-2003, and the central, NE, and SW locations in 2003-2004. Yield reductions from planting in mid October rather than late September ranged from 13 to 29%. At the NE location in 2001-2002 and the central location in 20022003, grain yield was 15% less for mid September than late September planting, similar for late September and early October plantings, and 13 to 15% less for mid October. Grain yield did not change with planting date at central Iowa in 2001-2002. The greatest yields occurred for planting dates where between 533 and 955 growing degree days (GDD, 0 degrees C base temperature) accumulated between planting and 31 December. Winter triticale would most likely be placed after soybean in Iowa, suggesting that a 2-wk period would be available for planting winter triticale without diminished yield caused by late planting. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gibson, LR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lgibson@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1218 EP 1224 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0130 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900026 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, N Chang, T Casler, MD Jung, G AF Chakraborty, N Chang, T Casler, MD Jung, G TI Response of bentgrass cultivars to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa isolates representing 10 vegetative compatibility groups SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOLLAR SPOT RESISTANCE; CREEPING BENTGRASS; GENETIC-VARIATION; POPULATIONS; FUNGICIDES; TURFGRASS AB Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett is a major disease of turfgrass throughout the world. Current control strategies depend heavily on fungicide application. Host resistance is an alternate management strategy, but a thorough understanding of the pathogen and host interaction is required to utilize it successfully. Seventy-nine clones of 10 cultivars of creeping (A. stolonifera L.), colonial (A. capillaris L.), dryland (A. castellana Boiss. & Reut.), and velvet (A. canina L.) bentgrass species were inoculated with an isolate of S. homoeocarpa in the greenhouse. A large degree of genetic variation in response to S. homoeocarpa at the species, cultivar, and clone levels was detected. In addition, 18 isolates of S. homoeocarpa representing 10 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were used to inoculate 12 bentgrass cultivars. Disease severity evaluations showed significant difference among bentgrass cultivars and species in their response to dollar spot. The colonial and velvet bentgrass cultivars were significantly less susceptible to all the isolates of S. homoeocarpa compared to the creeping bentgrass cultivars. The isolates of S. homoeocarpa showed significant differences in levels of aggressiveness. However, data from pathogenicity tests indicated a lack of race-specific interactions. Therefore, turfgrass breeders should be able to select for resistance to one or a few highly virulent isolates of the pathogen, and obtain resistance to a wide array of isolates. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jung, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jung@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1237 EP 1244 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0031 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900028 ER PT J AU Long, J Holland, JB Munkvold, GP Jannink, JL AF Long, J Holland, JB Munkvold, GP Jannink, JL TI Responses to selection for partial resistance to crown rust in oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; GRAIN-YIELD; TEST WEIGHT; LEAF RUST; INDEX; WHEAT AB Crown rust, caused by the fungal pathogen, Puccinia coronata Corda var. avenae W.P. Fraser Ledingham, reduces kernel quality and grain yield in oat (Avena sativa L.). Partial resistance is considered to be a durable form of rust resistance. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneously improving partial resistance to crown rust, grain yield, and seed weight in an oat population, and to estimate predicted and realized heritabilities for area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and genetic correlations between AUDPC and agronomic traits in both crown rust-inoculated and fungicide-treated plots. A single cycle of selection for partial resistance to crown rust was performed. The initial (Q) and selected (C.) generations were evaluated in a field experiment in 2001 and 2002 at two Iowa locations. Selection on an index increased the levels of crown rust resistance, grain yield, and seed weight in crown rust-inoculated plots, and seed weight in fungicide-treated plots. However, the change for the grain yield in fungicide-treated plots was not significant. In both Q and C, populations, AUDPC was highly heritable (H = 0.77 and 0.78 respectively), and was favorably correlated with grain yield, seed weight, and test weight measured in inoculated plots. Realized heritabilities for all traits except grain yield under fungicide treatment were consistent with predicted heritabilities. Our results suggested that index selection could increase levels of crown rust resistance, grain yield, and seed weight simultaneously. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 1208 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjannink@iastate.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1260 EP 1265 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0169 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900031 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Undersander, DJ AF Casler, MD Undersander, DJ TI Selection for establishment capacity in reed canarygrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE-PHASE-CHANGE; IMPROVED SEEDLING VIGOR; RECURRENT SELECTION; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; GERMINATION RATE; WILD RYEGRASS; ALFALFA; SWITCHGRASS AB Establishment of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is seriously impaired by relatively low seeding vigor and growth rate. Poor soil-seed contact, intense competition from annual weeds, and infrequent clipping during the establishment year exacerbate this problem. The objectives of this study were (i) to select reed canarygrass populations for establishment capacity in the presence of annual weeds, (ii) to evaluate progeny for progress from selection, and (iii) to determine mechanisms for improved establishment potential in selected populations. Two cycles of selection for survival under clipping and weed competition were completed, the first involving selection among spaced plants and the second involving selection within seeded plots. Selection for increased establishment capacity increased ground cover in October of the seeding year by 29% and tiller density in May of the following year by 36%, averaged over five cultivars. Seed mass consistently decreased with selection for increased establishment capacity, but emergence rate increased in all cultivars by an average of 18.1%. Three of the five cultivars; (Palaton, Vantage, and Venture) responded to selection with increased shoot and/or root fresh mass, with shoot-mass responses generally larger than root-mass responses. Selected populations of Vantage and Venture also had small decreases in the time required for tiller initiation. Bellevue and Rival showed no responses of seedling traits to selection. Seedling fresh mass was the most important factor regulating genetic variability for establishment capacity, but there was some variation in the mechanism of improved establishment capacity among populations. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr,W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0196 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900033 ER PT J AU Mishra, R Baenziger, RS Russell, WK Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Eskridge, KM AF Mishra, R Baenziger, RS Russell, WK Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Eskridge, KM TI Crossover interactions for grain yield in multienvironmental trials of winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; CULTIVAR PERFORMANCE; STRESS ENVIRONMENTS; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; STABILITY; REGION; MAIZE; TESTS; DROUGHT AB Crossover interactions (COIs) are changes in ranks among cultivars across environments. Breeders are concerned about COIs because their frequency affects how well rankings from one environment predict rankings in another environment. This research was undertaken to determine the frequency and distribution of COIs for grain yield within years in two regional trials of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The trials were in Nebraska and in the south-central USA (SCUS). Each trial had four environments per year, and results from 1998,1999, and 2000 were considered. Significance of COI for each pair of lines in each pair of environments within years was determined by a t test with an interaction-wise Type 1 error rate. Grain yield varied significantly across environments in both trials in all years, and in the within-year analyses the line x environment interaction was always highly significant. In the Nebraska trial, the frequency of COIs was less than expected by chance only in one pair of environments in 1 yr. Nonetheless, because estimates suggested the line x environment x year variance was substantially greater than the line x environment variance, this significant occurrence or COIs did not support breeding for local adaptation. In the SCUS trial, a lower frequency or cois occurred than in the Nebraska trial. In both trials, frequency of COIs in a pair of environments was not closely related to the difference in mean yield between those environments, which raised the usefulness of categorizing environments as low-stress or as high-stress for the purpose of selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Mahyco Res Ctr, Dawalwadi 431203, Jalna, India. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Baenziger, RS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM pbaenziger@unl.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1291 EP 1298 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0259 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900035 ER PT J AU Percy, RG Cantrell, RG Zhang, J AF Percy, RG Cantrell, RG Zhang, J TI Genetic variation for agronomic and fiber properties in an introgressed recombinant inbred population of cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UPLAND COTTON; HIRSUTUM L; GOSSYPIUM; DIVERSITY AB Genetic variation available for the improvement of fiber properties is restricted in commercial upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Resources for fiber improvement exist in G. barbadense L., but introgression of traits has been a limited success. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic variation and heritability of agronomic and fiber traits within a diverse recombinant inbred line (RIL) population created with a stable introgressed parent. The population (n = 98 lines) had as its parents NM24016, a stable G. hirsutum line with significant introgression from G. barbadense, and TM1, the G. hirsutum genetic standard. Yield, plant height, boll size, lint percentage, and fiber length, strength, micronaire, and elongation were measured in randomized., complete block tests at Las Cruces, NM, and Maricopa, AZ, in 2001 and 2002. Genotype coefficients of variation (CV) were highest for plant height and boll size. Among fiber traits, fiber length and micronaire produced the highest genotype CVs. Most traits (fiber elongation excepted) exhibited high broadsense heritability, ranging from 0.69 for lint yield to 0.92 for 2.5% span length. Transgressive segregants were identified for most traits. Fiber strength and 2.5% spun length were favorably correlated (r = 0.59, P = 0.001) as were 2.5% span length and micronaire (r = -0.47, P = 0.001). The NM24016/TM1 RIL population presents valuable genetic variation for fiber quality improvement efforts in G. hirsutum. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM RPercy@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 31 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1311 EP 1317 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0284 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900038 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Raboy, V AF Bregitzer, P Raboy, V TI Effects of four independent low-phytate mutations on barley agronomic performance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; SEED PHOSPHORUS; SOYBEAN LINES; PHENOTYPE; GRAINS; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; METABOLISM AB The seed phosphorus storage compound phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-heakisphosphate) is poorly utilized by nonruminant animals. Low Phytate (LP) crops, in which reductions of phytate are accompanied by increases in nutritionally available P, are in development and their utility will be enhanced by competitive agronomic performance. To assess the performance of LP barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sets of sib lines that are homozygous wild type (WT), or homozygous for one of four independent low phytic acid mutations (lpa1-1, lpa2-1, lpa3-1, and M955), were developed via backcrosses to Harrington. The WT sibsets performed similarly to the Harrington parent, suggesting that the major variable in these experiments was the presence or absence of the LP alleles. Under irrigation, M955, which has an extreme reduction in phytate, was associated with reduced yield and percentage plump kernels; all mutations except lpa2-1 were associated with reduced test weight. In rain-fed locations, all mutations were associated with reduced test weight and percentage plump kernels, and all except lpa1-1 were associated with reduced yield. These results suggest that one component of yield loss in LP types is reduced stress tolerance. The performance of the lpa1-1 mutation, which appears to be aleurone specific, suggests a potential strategy to avoid this source of yield loss: the use of genotypes where the desirable effect is limited to a target tissue, in this case the aleurone layer. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 54 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1318 EP 1322 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0301 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900039 ER PT J AU Isleib, TG Wilson, RF Novitzky, WP AF Isleib, TG Wilson, RF Novitzky, WP TI Partial dominance, pleiotropism, and epistasis in the inheritance of the high-oleate trait in peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH OLEIC-ACID; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS AB Earlier reports of the high-oleate (low-linoleate) trait in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) indicated that it was controlled by completely dominant gene action. However, linoleate content intermediate to that in low- and normal-linoleate seeds was found among progeny when the trait was backcrossed into five virginia-type cultivars, suggesting partial dominance of the gene controlling the trait. Although BC1F2 results were inconsistent across recurrent parents, data from the BC2F2 and BC3F2 populations of all crosses conformed to the 1:2:1. ratio expected under partial dominance. Quantitative analysis showed that fatty acid levels were affected by the background genotypes of the recurrent parents, suggesting that there are other genes that influence fatty acid. The ol gene exhibited pleiotropism by influencing not only oleate and linoleate, but also levels of palmitate, total C-18 fatty acids, gadoleate, and total saturated fatty acids. The effects of the ol gene interacted with background genotype, particularly with the additive genetic contrast, suggesting epistasis in the general sense. Progeny testing of 59 putatively heterozygous and 41. homozygous normal BC2F2 plants indicated that the two genotypes could be distinguished accurately on the basis of linoleate level, suggesting that the ol gene can be moved by backcrossing using techniques appropriate for a dominant trait rather than a recessive trait. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Soybean & Biol Nitrogen Fixat Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Isleib, TG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_isleib@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1331 EP 1335 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0313 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900041 ER PT J AU Maas, AL Dashiell, KE Melouk, HA AF Maas, AL Dashiell, KE Melouk, HA TI Planting density influences disease incidence and severity of Sclerotinia blight in peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EVALUATION; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES AB Sclerotinia blight, caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger, has become one of the major limiting factors in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of plant spacing on disease incidence and severity of Sclerotinia blight in peanut research plots, to measure the level of apparent resistance at different seeding rates, and to determine which methods would produce clearest selection criteria in space-planted breeding plots. Four peanut cultivars, Tamspan 90, Southwest Runner, Okrun, and Flavor Runner 458, were evaluated in field plots at four plant spacings (6, 15, 30, and 46 cm) in 2003 and 2004. Increased plant spacing improved sensitivity of disease incidence based determination of cultivar resistance but did not increase mean incidence significantly. Disease severity reached the highest level at the widest plant spacing. Final disease incidence provided excellent differentiation of genotypes with different levels of resistance and required the least amount of labor as compared with other methods of disease assessment. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Maas, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM amaas@tifton.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1341 EP 1345 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0335 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900043 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Goins, EW AF Ziska, LH Goins, EW TI Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and weed populations in glyphosate treated soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID C-4 WEED; YIELD; GROWTH; CO2; TOLERANCE AB Although rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is known to stimulate the growth of agronomic weeds, the impact of increasing CO2 on herbicide efficacy has not been elucidated for field-grown crops. Genetically modified soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] (i.e., Round-up Ready soybean) was grown over a 2-yr period at ambient and projected levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2, 250 mu mol mol(-1) above ambient), with and without application of the herbicide, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], to assess the impact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] on chemical efficacy of weed control. For both years, soybean showed a significant vegetative response to elevated [CO2], but no consistent effect on seed yield. For 2003, weed populations for all treatments consisted entirely of C-4 grasses, with no [CO2] effects on weed biomass (unsprayed plots) or glyphosate efficacy (sprayed plots). However, in 2004, weed populations were mixed and included C-3 and C-4 broadleaves as well as C-4 grasses. In this same year, a significant increase in both C-3 broadleaf populations and total weed biomass was observed as a function of [CO2] (unsprayed plots). In addition, a [CO2] by glyphosate interaction was observed with significant C-3 broadleaf weed biomass remaining after glyphosate application. Overall, these data emphasize the potential consequences for CO2-induced changes in weed populations, biomass, and subsequent glyphosate efficacy in Round-up Ready soybean. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 1,Room 323,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1354 EP 1359 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0378 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900045 ER PT J AU Franks, CD Burow, GB Burke, JJ AF Franks, CD Burow, GB Burke, JJ TI A comparison of US and Chinese sorghum germplasm for early season cold tolerance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; CULTIVARS; HYBRIDS AB Early season cold tolerance in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a desirable trait for extending its production range and minimizing risks associated with early spring plantings. Ten Chinese Kaoliang accessions were compared with 10 U.S. inbred parental lines and 10 U.S. commercial hybrids for a range of cold tolerance traits under laboratory, growth chamber, and field settings. Chinese lines were superior to both the inbred and hybrid classes in laboratory germination rates and field-based rates of emergence. In the growth chamber assays, Kaoliangs were not significantly different than U.S. hybrids for most traits measured at either of the two temperature treatments (12 and 24 degrees C), with the exception of shoot length, for which the Chinese germplasm was higher. At the cooler temperature, Kaoliangs were significantly greater than U.S. inbreds for only fresh shoot weight; when tested at the warmer temperature, Kaoliangs had higher dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weights, and fresh and dry whole plant weights, relative to the U.S. inbred class. The U.S. hybrids had greater total plot weight and final stand counts in the field than Kaoliangs, which were likewise higher than U.S. inbreds for both of these traits. Chinese accessions from this working group would serve as a source of favorable genes primarily for tolerance to low temperatures during the germination and emergence phase of growth in the breeding of cold tolerance sorghum lines. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Franks, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM cfranks@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1371 EP 1376 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0279 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900047 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB Demacon, VL Burns, JW Carter, BP Chen, XM Morris, CF Perez, NAB AF Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB Demacon, VL Burns, JW Carter, BP Chen, XM Morris, CF Perez, NAB TI Registration of 'Louise' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; RESISTANCE C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, Wheat Genet Qual Phys & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@wsu.edu NR 4 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1384 EP 1386 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0176 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900050 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK Demacon, VL Shelton, GB Burns, JW Carter, BP Chen, XM Morris, CF Perez, NAB AF Kidwell, KK Demacon, VL Shelton, GB Burns, JW Carter, BP Chen, XM Morris, CF Perez, NAB TI Registration of 'Otis' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; RESISTANCE C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@wsu.edu NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1386 EP 1387 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0177 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900051 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, AMH Haley, SD Jin, Y Langham, MAC Rickertsen, J Kalsbeck, S Little, R Chung, OK Seabourn, BW Mcvey, DV AF Ibrahim, AMH Haley, SD Jin, Y Langham, MAC Rickertsen, J Kalsbeck, S Little, R Chung, OK Seabourn, BW Mcvey, DV TI Registration of 'Wendy' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Product Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ibrahim, AMH (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Amir.lbrahim@sdstate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1389 EP 1390 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0246 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900053 ER PT J AU Glover, KD Rudd, JC Devkota, RN Hall, RG Jin, Y Rickertsen, JR AF Glover, KD Rudd, JC Devkota, RN Hall, RG Jin, Y Rickertsen, JR TI Registration of 'Granger' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Ctr Agr Res & Extens, W Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Glover, KD (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Karl.Glover@sdstate.edu NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1390 EP 1391 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0302 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900054 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Cai, X Wang, T Harris, MO Friesen, TL AF Xu, SS Cai, X Wang, T Harris, MO Friesen, TL TI Registration of two synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasms resistant to hessian fly SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA C1 USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1401 EP 1402 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0137 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900065 ER PT J AU Diers, BW Kopisch-Obuch, FJ Hoffman, DD Hartman, GL Pedersen, WL Grau, CR Wang, D AF Diers, BW Kopisch-Obuch, FJ Hoffman, DD Hartman, GL Pedersen, WL Grau, CR Wang, D TI Registration of AxN-1-55 soybean germplasm with partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-FIELD; CULTIVARS C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Agron & Plant Breeding, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@uiuc.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1403 EP 1404 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0224 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900067 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Johnson, EOC AF Nelson, RL Johnson, EOC TI Registration of LG96-1797 soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rlnelson@uiuc.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1403 EP 1403 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0205 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900066 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Windham, GL AF Williams, WP Windham, GL TI Registration of maize germplasm line Mp717 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wpwilliams@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1407 EP 1408 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0330 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900071 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of C931, C941, CR11, and CZ25/2 self-fertile, genetic-male-sterile facilitated, random-mated, sugarbeet germplasm populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL LINE C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1412 EP 1414 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0372 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900076 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of CN12 and CN72 sugarbeet germplasm populations with resistance to cyst nematode SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETA-VULGARIS C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1414 EP 1415 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10-0373 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040JX UT WOS:000237375900077 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG Liljeberg-Elmstahl, HGM AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG Liljeberg-Elmstahl, HGM TI Consumption of both resistant starch and beta-glucan improves postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC VARIABLES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; HEALTHY HUMANS; RESPONSES; FIBER; FOODS; MEN; AMYLOPECTIN; BREAKFAST; CEREALS AB OBJECTIVE - Consumption of a meal high in resistant starch or soluble fiber (P-glucan) decreases peak insulin and glucose concentrations and areas under the curve (AUCs). The objective was to determine whether the effects of soluble fiber and resistant starch on glycemic variables are additive. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Ten normal-weight (43.5 years of age, BMI 22.0 kg/m(2)) and 10 overweight women (43.3 years of age, BMI 30.4 kg/m(2)) consumed 10 tolerance meals in a Latin square design. Meals (1 g carbohydrate/kg body wt) were glucose a ne or muffins made with different levels of soluble fiber (0.26, 0.68, or 2.3 g beta-glucan/100 g muffin) and three levels of resistant starch (0.71, 2.57, or 5.06 g/100 g muffin). RESULTS - Overweight subjects had plasma insulin concentrations higher than those of normal-weight subjects but maintained similar plasma glucose levels. Compared with low beta-glucan-low resistant starch muffins, glucose and insulin AUC decreased when beta-glucan (17 and 33%, respectively) or resistant Starch (24 and 38%, respectively) content was increased. The greatest AUC reduction occurred after meals containing both high beta-glucan-high resistant Starch (33 and 59% lower AUC for glucose and insulin, respectively). Overweight women were somewhat more insulin resistant than control women. CONCLUSIONS - Soluble fiber appears to have a greater effect on postprandial insulin response while glucose reduction is greater after resistant starch from high-amylose cornstarch. The reduction in glycemic response was enhanced by combining resistant starch and soluble fiber. Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of these fibers may improve glucose metabolism in both normal and overweight women. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lund Univ, Ctr Chem & Chem Engn, Lund, Sweden. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 307B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behallk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 976 EP 981 DI 10.2337/dc05-2012 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 039CP UT WOS:000237278100003 PM 16644623 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Swihart, RK Bestelmeyer, BT AF Beever, EA Swihart, RK Bestelmeyer, BT TI Linking the concept of scale to studies of biological diversity: evolving approaches and tools SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity conservation; biological invasions; extent; future challenges; publication chronology; modelling; resolution ID SPECIES RICHNESS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; LAND MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE SCALES; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Although the concepts of scale and biological diversity independently have received rapidly increasing attention in the scientific literature since the 1980s, the rate at which the two concepts have been investigated jointly has grown much more slowly. We find that scale considerations have been incorporated explicitly into six broad areas of investigation related to biological diversity: (1) heterogeneity within and among ecosystems, (2) disturbance ecology, (3) conservation and restoration, (4) invasion biology, (5) importance of temporal scale for understanding processes, and (6) species responses to environmental heterogeneity. In addition to placing the papers of this Special Feature within the context of brief summaries of the expanding literature on these six topics, we provide an overview of tools useful for integrating scale considerations into studies of biological diversity. Such tools include hierarchical and structural-equation modelling, kriging, variable-width buffers, k-fold cross-validation, and cascading graph diagrams, among others. Finally, we address some of the major challenges and research frontiers that remain, and conclude with a look to the future. C1 NPS Great Lakes Network, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), NPS Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM erik_beever@nps.gov RI Swihart, Rob/D-2787-2016 NR 70 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00260.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036SK UT WOS:000237095500001 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Pope, KL Boiano, D AF Welsh, HH Pope, KL Boiano, D TI Sub-alpine amphibian distributions related to species palatability to non-native salmonids in the Klamath mountains of northern California SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; non-native trout; palatability; sub-alpine amphibians; wilderness fish stocking ID FISH INTRODUCTIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; POPULATION-DENSITY; NATIONAL-PARK; TROUT; LAKES; FROGS; TADPOLES; SKIN AB The goal of this study was to examine how introduced trout influence the distributions and abundances of a sub-alpine amphibian assemblage whose members display a variety of different life-history and defence strategies. Our study was conducted in the sub-alpine lentic habitats of three wilderness areas that form the core of the Klamath-Siskiyou Bioregion of northern California, a biodiversity 'hotspot' that supports the highest diversity of sub-alpine, lentic-breeding amphibians in the western USA. These wilderness areas contain no native fishes, but all have been populated with non-native trout for recreational fishing. Five of the eight amphibian species that occur in this region were sufficiently common to use in our study; these included one that breeds in both temporary and permanent waters and is palatable to fish (Pacific treefrog, Pseudacris regilla), two that breed primarily in permanent waters and are unpalatable to fish (western toad, Bufo boreas, and rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa), and two that breed primarily in permanent waters and are palatable to fish (Cascades frog, Rana cascadae, and long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum). Based on life histories and predator defence strategies (i.e. palatable or not), we predicted that the three palatable species would likely be negatively correlated with introduced trout, but with P. regilla less impacted because of its use of both temporary and permanent waters. We predicted that B. boreas and T. granulosa would not be significantly correlated with introduced trout due to the lack of any predator/prey interactions between them. We surveyed 728 pond, lake, or wet meadow sites during the summers of 1999-2002, using timed gill-net sets to measure trout occurrence and relative density, and visual encounter surveys to determine amphibian presence and abundance. We used semiparametric logistic regression models to quantify the effect of trout presence/absence and density on the probability of finding amphibian species in a water body while accounting for variation within and among the various lentic habitats sampled. The distributions of P. regilla, A. macrodactylum and R. cascadae were strongly negatively correlated with trout presence across all three wilderness areas. Ambystoma macrodactylum was 44 times more likely to be found in lakes without fish than in lakes with fish. Rana cascadae and P. regilla were 3.7 and 3.0 times more likely, respectively, to be found in fishless than fish-containing waters. In contrast, the two unpalatable species were either uncorrelated (T. granulosa) or positively correlated (B. boreas) with fish presence. We found that the relative density of fish (catch per unit effort) was negatively correlated with the combined abundances of the three palatable amphibians, and also with both the length and the condition of the fish themselves. Our results are consistent with a compelling body of evidence that introduced fishes greatly alter the aquatic community structure of mountain lakes, ponds, and wet meadows. C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00254.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036SK UT WOS:000237095500008 ER PT J AU Juice, SM Fahey, TJ Siccama, TG Driscoll, CT Denny, EG Eagar, C Cleavitt, NL Minocha, R Richardson, AD AF Juice, Stephanie M. Fahey, Timothy J. Siccama, Thomas G. Driscoll, Charles T. Denny, Ellen G. Eagar, Christopher Cleavitt, Natalie L. Minocha, Rakesh Richardson, Andrew D. TI Response of sugar maple to calcium addition to Northern Hardwood Forest SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acer saccharum; acid deposition; calcium forest decline; Hubbard Brook; manganese; mycorrhizae; soil acidification; stress physiology; sugar maple ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACER-SACCHARUM SEEDLINGS; HUBBARD-BROOK; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; RED SPRUCE; ACID-RAIN; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; ROOT COLONIZATION; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE AB Watershed budget Studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire, USA, have demonstrated high calcium depletion of soil during the 20th century due, in part, to acid deposition. Over the past 25 years, tree growth (especially for Sugar maple) has declined on the experimental watersheds at the HBEF. In October 1999, 0.85 Mg Ca/ha was added to Watershed I (WI) at the HBEF in the form of wollastonitc (CaSiO3) a treatment that, by summer 2002, had raised the pH in the O-ie horizon from 3.8 to 5.0 and, in the O-a horizon, from 3.9 to 4.2. We measured the response of sugar maple to the calcium fertilization treatment on WI. Foliar calcium concentration of canopy sugar maples in WI increased markedly beginning the second year after treatment, and foliar manganese declined in years four and five. By 2005, the crown condition of sugar maple was much healthier in the treated watershed as compared with the untreated reference watershed (W6). Following high seed production in 2000 and 2002, the density of sugar maple seedlings increased significantly oil WI in comparison with W6 in 2001 and 2003. Survivorship of the 2003 cohort through July 2005 was much higher oil WI (36.6%) than W6 (10.2%). In 2003, sugar maple germinants oil WI were similar to 50% larger than those in reference plots, and foliar chlorophyll concentrations were significantly greater (0.27 g/m(2) vs:0.23 g/m(2) leaf area). Foliage and fine-root calcium concentrations were roughly twice as high, and manganese concentrations twice as low in the treated than the reference seedlings in 2003 and 2004. Mycorrhizal colonization of seedlings was also much greater in the treated (22.4% of root length) than the reference sites (4.4%). A similar, though less dramatic, difference was observed for mycorrhizal colonization of mature sugar maples (56% vs. 35%). These results reinforce and extend other regional observations that sugar maple decline in the northeastern United States and southern Canada is caused in part by anthropogenic effects on soil calcium status, but the causal interactions among inorganic nutrition, physiological stress, mycorrhizal colonization, and seedling growth and health remain to be established. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Greeley Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fahey, TJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tjf5@cornell.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 70 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 7 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1280 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1267:ROSMTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042TM UT WOS:000237552400022 PM 16761605 ER PT J AU Thaxton, JM Platt, WJ AF Thaxton, JM Platt, WJ TI Small-scale fuel variation alters fire intensity and shrub abundance in a pine savanna SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental heterogeneity; fire intensity; fuel temperature; fuel consumption; fuel load; ground corer; longleaf pine; Louisiana (USA); Pinus palustris; southeastern United States; vegetation gaps ID NATURAL DISTURBANCES; FLORIDA SANDHILL; NATIONAL-PARK; USA; HETEROGENEITY; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; PALUSTRIS; FOREST AB Small-scale variation in fire intensity and effects may be ail important source of environmental heterogeneity in frequently burned plant communities. We hypothesized that variation in fire intensity resulting from local differences in fuel loads produces heterogeneity in pine savanna ground cover by altering shrub abundance. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated prefire fuel loads to mimic naturally occurring fuel-load heterogeneity associated with branch falls, needle fall near large pines, and animal disturbances in a frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savanna in Louisiana, USA. We applied one of four fuel treatments (unaltered control, fine-fuel removal, fine-fuel addition, wood addition) to each of 540 (1-m(2)) quadrats prior to growing-season prescribed fires in each of two years (1999 and 2001). In both years fuel addition increased (and fuel removal decreased) fuel Consumption and maximum fire temperatures relative to unaltered controls. Fuel addition, particularly wood, increased damage to shrubs, increased shrub mortality, and decreased resprout density relative to controls. We propose that local variation in fire intensity may contribute to maintenance of high species diversity in pine savannas by reducing shrub abundance and creating openings in an otherwise continuous ground cover. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Thaxton, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jthaxton@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1337 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1331:SFVAFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042TM UT WOS:000237552400028 PM 16761611 ER PT J AU Keen, JE Wittum, TE Dunn, JR Bono, JL Durso, LM AF Keen, JE Wittum, TE Dunn, JR Bono, JL Durso, LM TI Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in agricultural fair livestock, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; OUTBREAKS; CAMPYLOBACTER; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; HOUSEFLIES; DIVERSITY AB Agricultural fairs exhibiting livestock are increasingly implicated in human Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:1-17 (STEC O157:H7) outbreaks. To estimate livestock STEC O157:H7 prevalence at US fairs, we collected 2,919 fecal specimens at 29 county fairs in 2 states and at 3 state fairs in 2002. Fly pools were also collected. STEC O157:H7 was isolated from livestock at 31 (96.9%) of 32 fairs, including 11.4% of 1,407 cattle, 1.2% of 1,102 swine, 3.6% of 364 sheep and goats, and 5.2% of 154 fly pools. Cattle, swine, and flies at some fairs shared indistinguishable STEC O15TH7 isolate subtypes. In 2003, a total of 689 ambient environmental samples were collected at 20 fairgrounds 10-11 months after 2002 livestock sampling while fairgrounds were livestock-free. Four beef barn environmental samples at 3 fairgrounds yielded STEC O157:H7. These data suggest that STEC O157 is common and transmissible among livestock displayed at agricultural fairs and persists in the environment after the fair. C1 US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM keen@email.marc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 780 EP 786 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200013 PM 16704838 ER PT J AU Lekcharoensuk, P Lager, KM Vemulapalli, R Woodruff, M Vincent, AL Richt, JA AF Lekcharoensuk, P Lager, KM Vemulapalli, R Woodruff, M Vincent, AL Richt, JA TI Novel swine influenza virus subtype H3N1, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TURKEY BREEDER HENS; A VIRUSES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; RECEPTOR-BINDING; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; PIGS; HEMAGGLUTININ; H1N2; NEURAMINIDASE; TRANSMISSION AB Influenza A virus infects various animal species and transmits among different hosts, especially between humans and swine. Swine may serve as a mixing vessel to create new reassortants that could infect humans. Thus, monitoring and characterizing influenza viruses in swine are important in preventing interspecies transmission. We report the emergence and characterization of a novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3N1 SIVs may have acquired the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently circulating SIVs. The H3N1 SIVs were antigenically related to the turkey virus. Lung lesions and nasal shedding occurred in swine infected with the H3N1 SIVs, suggesting the potential to transmit among swine and to humans. Further surveillance will help determine whether this novel subtype will continue to circulate in swine populations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave,B-15, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jricht@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 787 EP 794 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200014 PM 16704839 ER PT J AU Foster, ES Signs, KA Marks, DR Kapoor, H Casey, M Stobierski, MG D Walker, E AF Foster, ES Signs, KA Marks, DR Kapoor, H Casey, M Stobierski, MG D Walker, E TI Lymphocytic choriomeningitis in Michigan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; MICE AB We summarize the first reported case of acquired lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in Michigan to be investigated by public health authorities and provide evidence of the focal nature of LCMV infection in domestic rodents. Results of serologic and virologic testing in rodents contrasted, and negative serologic test results should be confirmed by tissue testing. C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. USDA, Okemos, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Foster, ES (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, 201 Townsend St,5th Floor, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. EM fostere@michigan.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 851 EP 853 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200028 PM 16704853 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Fournier, V Hagler, JR Daane, KM AF de Leon, JH Fournier, V Hagler, JR Daane, KM TI Development of molecular diagnostic markers for sharpshooters Homalodisca coagulata and Homalodisca liturata for use in predator gut content examinations SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE SCAR and mitochondrial markers; cytochrome oxidase; Pierce's disease; glassy-winged sharphooter; predation; gut content analysis; Homoptera; Cicadellidae ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; PIERCES-DISEASE; INSECT VECTORS; BEMISIA-TABACI; CONTENT ELISA AB To aid in identifying key predators of Proconiini sharpshooter species present in California, we developed and tested molecular diagnostic markers for the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), and smoke-tree sharpshooter, Homalodisca liturata (Ball) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Two different types of markers were compared, those targeting single-copy sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and mitochondrial markers targeting the multicopy cytochrome oxidase subunit genes I (COI) and II (COII). A total of six markers were developed, two SCAR and four mitochondrial COI or COII markers. Specificity assays demonstrated that SCAR marker HcF5/HcR7 was H. coagulata specific and HcF6/HcR9 was H. coagulata/H. liturata specific. COI (HcCOI-F/R) and COII (HcCOII-F4/R4) markers were H. coagulata specific, COII (G/S-COII-F/R) marker was H. coagulata/H. liturata specific, and lastly, COII marker (Hl-COII-F/R) was H. liturata specific. Sensitivity assays using genomic DNA showed the COI marker to be the most sensitive marker with a detection limit of 6 pg of DNA. This marker was 66-fold more sensitive than marker Hl-COII-F/R that showed a detection limit of 400 pg of DNA. In addition, the COI marker was 4.2-fold more sensitive than the COII marker. In predator gut assays, the COI and COII markers demonstrated significantly higher detection efficiency than the SCAR markers. Furthermore, the COI marker demonstrated slightly higher detection efficiency over the COII marker. Lastly, we describe the inclusion of an internal control (28S amplification) for predation studies performing predator gut analyses utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This control was critical in order to monitor reactions for PCR failures, PCR inhibitors, and for the presence of DNA. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jhleon@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00399.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 030BF UT WOS:000236607400004 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI A new sawfly genus from India for the "forgotten" Periclista bumasta Konow, 1907 (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Periclista bumasta; Malkiatus bumastus; new genus; Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae; India AB Malkiatus, n. gen., subfamily Blennocampinae, is described for Periclista bumasta Konow, 1907, which becomes Malkiatus bumastus (Konow), n. comb. The species is redescribed. Malkiatus includes only the single species from Sikkim, India. C1 Care of Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Care of Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 3 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[261:ANSGFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 079BN UT WOS:000240150600002 ER PT J AU Grogan, WL Hribar, LJ AF Grogan, William L., Jr. Hribar, Lawrence J. TI The bromeliad-inhabiting biting midge, Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (Lutz), new to the fauna of the United States (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Bromeliaceae; bromeliad; phytotelmata; biting midge; Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; new record; Florida; USA ID FLORIDA AB The bromeliad-inhabiting biting midge, Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (Lutz) is recorded for the first time in the United States from specimens reared from bromeliads in the Florida Keys (Monroe County). C1 Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. Florida State Collect Arthropods, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Grogan, WL (reprint author), Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. EM wlgrogan@salisbury.edu; lhribar@keysmosquito.org NR 19 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 3 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[319:TBBMFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 079BN UT WOS:000240150600012 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Booth, DT AF Seefeldt, SS Booth, DT TI Measuring plant cover in sagebrush steppe rangelands: A comparison of methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE image analysis; digital imagery; vegetation measurement; sagebrush steppe AB Methods that are more cost-effective and objective are needed to detect important vegetation change within acceptable error rates. The objective of this research was to compare visual estimation to three new methods for determining vegetation cover in the sagebrush steppe. Fourteen management units at the US Sheep Experiment Station were identified for study. In each unit, 20 data collection points were selected for measuring plant cover using visual estimation, laser-point frame (LPF), 2 m above-ground-level (AGL) digital imagery, and 100-m AGL digital imagery. In 11 of 14 management units, determinations of vegetation cover differed (P < 0.05). However, when combined, overall determinations of vegetation cover did not differ. Standard deviation, corrected sums of squares, coefficient of variation, and standard error for the 100 m AGL method were half as large as for the LPF and less than the 2-m AGL and visual estimate. For the purpose of measuring plant cover, all three new methods are as good as or better than visual estimation for speed, standard deviation, and cost. The acquisition of a permanent image of a location is an important advantage of the 2 and 100 m AGL methods because vegetation can be reanalyzed using improved software or to answer different questions, and changes in vegetation over time can be more accurately determined. The reduction in cost per sample, the increased speed of sampling, and the smaller standard deviation associated with the 100-m AGL digital imagery are compelling arguments for adopting this vegetation sampling method. C1 ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83432 USA. ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Room 355 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 703 EP 711 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0016-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027NV UT WOS:000236423200010 PM 16485162 ER PT J AU Szillery, JE Fernandez, IJ Norton, SA Rustad, LE White, AS AF Szillery, JE Fernandez, IJ Norton, SA Rustad, LE White, AS TI Using ion-exchange resins to study soil response to experimental watershed acidification SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE acidification; ion-exchange resin; nitrogen; soil solution; sulfur; watershed processes ID MEASURING NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; WEST-VIRGINIA; MAINE BBWM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RUNOFF CHEMISTRY; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; PICEA-ABIES; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM AB Ion-exchange resins (IER) offer alternative approaches to measuring ionic movement in soils that may have advantages over traditional approaches in some settings, but more information is needed to understand how IER compare with traditional methods of measurement in forested ecosystems. At the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), one of two paired, forested watersheds is treated bi-monthly with S and N (28.8 and 25.2kg ha(-1) yr(-1) of S and N, respectively). Both IER and ceramic cup tension lysimeters were used to study soil solution responses after similar to 11 years of treatment. Results from both methods showed treatments resulted in the mobilization of base cations and Al, and higher SO4-S and inorganic N in the treated watershed. Both methods indicated similar differences in results associated with forest type (hardwoods versus softwoods), a result of differences in litter quality and atmospheric aerosol interception capacity. The correlation between lysimeter and IER data for individual analytes varied greatly. Significant correlations were evident for Na (r=0.75), Al (r=0.65), Mn (r=0.61), Fe (r=0.57), Ca (r=0.49), K (r=0.41) and NO3-N (r=0.59). No correlation was evident between IER and soil solution data for NH4-N and Pb. Both IER and soil solution techniques suggested similar interpretations of biogeochemical behavior in the watershed. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Syst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fernandez, IJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ivanjf@maine.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-7462-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053RZ UT WOS:000238324100026 PM 16779603 ER PT J AU Souza, L Neufeld, HS Chappelka, AH Burkey, KO Davison, AW AF Souza, L Neufeld, HS Chappelka, AH Burkey, KO Davison, AW TI Seasonal development of ozone-induced foliar injury on tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE tall milkweed; Asclepias exaltata; foliar injury; ozone; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; gas exchange; anti-oxidants ID CHERRY PRUNUS-SEROTINA; AMBIENT OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; ELEVATED OZONE; UNITED-STATES; LEAF INJURY; WHITE-PINE; EXPOSURE; CLOVER AB The goals of this study were to document the development of ozone-induced foliar injury, on a leaf-by-leaf basis, and to develop ozone exposure relationships for leaf cohorts and individual tall milkweeds (Asclepias exaltata L.) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Plants were classified as either ozone-sensitive or insensitive based on the amount of foliar injury. Sensitive plants developed injury earlier in the season and to a greater extent than insensitive plants. Older leaf cohorts were more likely to belong to high injury classes by the end of each of the two growing seasons. In addition, leaf loss was more likely for older cohorts (2000) and lower leaf positions (2001) than younger cohorts and upper leaves, respectively. Most leaves abscised without prior ozone-like stippling or chlorosis. Failure to take this into account can result in underestimation of the effects of ozone on these plants. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 26703 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Souza, L (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lsouza@utk.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.022 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032JT UT WOS:000236771400019 PM 16213638 ER PT J AU Ona, LF Melinda, A Alberto, P Prudente, JA Sigua, GC AF Ona, LF Melinda, A Alberto, P Prudente, JA Sigua, GC TI Levels of lead in urban soils from selected cities in a central region of the Philippines SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gasoline; health risk; lead (Pb); Philippines; soils; urban soils; vehicle type; vehicle volume AB Background, Aims, and Scope. Lead (Ph) is a naturally occurring element that poses environmental hazards when present at elevated concentration. It is being released into the environment because of industrial uses and from the combustion of fossil fuels. Hence, Ph is ubiquitous throughout global ecosystems. The existence of potentially harmful concentrations of Ph in the environment must be given full attention. Emissions from vehicles are major source of environmental contamination by Pb. Thus, it becomes imperative that concentrations of Ph and other hazardous materials in the environment not only in the Philippines, but elsewhere in the world be adequately examined in order that development of regulations and standards to minimize risk associated with these materials in urban areas is continued. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the levels of Pb in soil from selected urbanized cities in central region of the Philippines; (2) to identify areas with soil Pb concentration values that exceed estimated natural concentrations and allowable limits; and (3) to determine the possible sources that contribute to elevated soil Pb concentration (if any) in the study area. Methods. This study was limited to the determination of Pb levels in soils of selected urbanized cities located in central region in the Philippines, namely: Site 1 - Tarlac City in Tarlac; Site 2 - Cabanatuan City in Nueva Ecija; Site 3 - Malolos City in Bulacan; Site 4 - San Fernando City in Pampanga; Site 5 - Balanga City in Bataan; and Site 6 - Olongapo City in Zambales. Soil samples were collected from areas along major thoroughfares regularly traversed by tricycles, passenger jeepneys, cars, vans, trucks, buses, and other motor vehicles. Soil samples were collected from five sampling sites in each of the study areas. Samples from the selected sampling sites were obtained approximately 2 to 3 meters from the road. Analysis of the soil samples for Ph content was conducted using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This study was conducted from 2003 to 2004. Since this study assumed that vehicular emission is the major source of Ph contamination in urban soil, other information which the researchers deemed to have bearing on the study were obtained such as relative quantity of each gasoline type disposed of in each city within a given period and volume of traffic in each sampling site. A survey questionnaire for gasoline station managers was prepared to determine the relative quantity of each fuel type (diesel, regular gasoline, premium gasoline, and unleaded gasoline) disposed of or sold within a given period in each study area. Results and Discussion. Analysis of soil samples for Ph content showed the presence of Pb in all the soil samples collected from the 30 sampling sites in the six cities at varying concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 251 ing kg(-1). Elevated levels of Pb in soil (i.e. greater than 25 mg kg(-1) Pb) were detected in five out of the six cities investigated. Site 4 recorded the highest Pb concentration (73.9 +/- 94.4 mg kg(-1)), followed by Site 6 (56.3 +/- 17.1 mg kg(-1)), Site 3 (52.0 +/- 33.1 mg kg(-1)), Site 5 (39.3 +/- 19.0 mg kg(-1)), and Site 2 (38.4 +/- 33.2 mg kg(-1)). Soil Pb concentration in Site 1 (16.8 +/- 12.2 mg kg(-1)) was found to be within the estimated natural concentration range of 5 to 25 mg kg(-1). Site 1 registered the least Pb concentration. Nonetheless, the average Pb concentration in the soil samples from the six cities studied were all found to be below the maximum tolerable limit according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The high Pb concentration in Site 4 may be attributed mainly to vehicular emission. Although Site 4 only ranked 3(rd) in total volume of vehicles, it has the greatest number of Type B and Type C vehicles combined. Included in these categories are diesel trucks, buses, and jeepneys which are considered the largest contributors of TSP (total suspended particles) and PM, (particulate matter less than 10 microns) emissions. Conclusion. Only one (San Juan in Site 4) of the thirty sampling sites recorded a Pb concentration beyond the WHO permissible limit of 100 mg kg(-1). San Juan in Site 4 had a Pb concentration of > 250 mg kg(-1). On the average, elevated Pb concentration was evident in the soil samples from San Fernando, Olongapo, Malolos, Balanga, and Cabanatuan. The average soil Pb concentrations in these cities exceeded the maximum estimated natural soil Pb concentration of 2S mg kg(-1). Average soil Pb concentration in Site 1 (16.8 mg kg(-1)) was well within the estimated natural concentration range of 5 to 25 mg kg(-1). Data gathered from the study areas showed that elevated levels of Pb in soil were due primarily to vehicular emissions and partly to igneous activity. Recommendation and Outlook. The findings of this study presented a preliminary survey on the extent of Pb contamination of soils in urban cities in central region of Philippines Island. With this kind of information on hand, government should develop a comprehensive environmental management strategy to address vehicular air pollution in urban areas, which shows as one of the most pressing environmental problems in the country. Basic to this is the continuous monitoring of Pb levels and other pollutants in air, soil, and water. Further studies should be conducted to monitor soil Pb levels in the six cities studied particularly in areas with elevated Pb concentration. The potential for harm from Pb exposure cannot be understated. Of particular concern are children who are more predisposed to Pb toxicity than adults. Phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated sites is strongly recommended to reduce Pb concentration in soil. Several studies have confirmed that plants are capable of absorbing extra Pb from soil and that some plants, grass species in particular, and can naturally absorb far more Pb than others. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Tarlac State Univ, Tarlac, Philippines. Cent Luzon State Univ, Environm Management Inst, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 16 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1065/espr2005.08.275 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042UB UT WOS:000237554100007 PM 16758708 ER PT J AU Meixner, T Fenn, ME Wohlgemuth, P Oxford, M Riggan, P AF Meixner, T Fenn, ME Wohlgemuth, P Oxford, M Riggan, P TI N saturation symptoms in chaparral catchments are not reversed by prescribed fire SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN SATURATION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TEMPORAL ASYNCHRONY; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEM; SIERRA-NEVADA; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NITRATE AB Fire is a critical ecosystem process in many landscapes and is particularly dominant in the chaparral shrublands of southern California which are also exposed to high levels of atmospheric N deposition. Few studies have addressed the combined effects of these two disturbance factors. In this study we evaluate the hydrologic and biogeochemical response of a control and a prescribed burn catchment over a 15-year period. Streamwater nitrate concentrations and export in the burned catchment were higher than those in the unburned catchment for 7-10 years after the burn and concentrations remained high in both catchments during the entire study. Therefore, fire is not an effective mitigation tool for N deposition in these semi-arid systems. Additionally, the extended N export in this system indicates that chaparral ecosystems do not recover their N retention capabilities as rapidly as humid systems do when subjected to disturbance. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Riverside Fire Lab, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Meixner, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tmeixner@hwr.arizona.edu NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2887 EP 2894 DI 10.1021/es051268z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 038TC UT WOS:000237251400013 PM 16719087 ER PT J AU Nelson, JC Andreescu, C Breseghello, F Finney, PL Gualberto, DG Bergman, CJ Pena, RJ Perretant, MR Leroy, P Qualset, CO Sorrells, ME AF Nelson, JC Andreescu, C Breseghello, F Finney, PL Gualberto, DG Bergman, CJ Pena, RJ Perretant, MR Leroy, P Qualset, CO Sorrells, ME TI Quantitative trait locus analysis of wheat quality traits SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ITMI; quality; QTL; recombinant inbred; wheat ID GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; RED SPRING WHEAT; BAKING QUALITY; QTL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS; STORAGE PROTEINS AB Milling and baking quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied by QTL analysis in the ITMI population, a set of 114 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a synthetic-hexaploid (W7985) x bread-wheat (Opata 85) cross. Grain from RILs grown in U.S., French, and Mexican wheat-growing regions was assayed for kernel-texture traits, protein concentration and quality, and dough strength and mixing traits. Only kernel-texture traits showed similar genetic control in all environments, with Opata ha alleles at the hardness locus Ha on chromosome arm 5DS increasing grain hardness, alkaline water retention capacity, and flour yield. Dough strength was most strongly influenced by Opata alleles at 5DS loci near or identical to Ha. Grain protein concentration was associated not with high-molecular-weight glutenin loci but most consistently with the Gli-D2 gliadin locus on chromosome arm 6DS. In Mexican-grown material, a 2DS locus near photoperiod-sensitivity gene Ppd1 accounted for 25% of variation in protein, with the ppd1-coupled allele associated with higher (1.1%) protein concentration. Mixogram traits showed most influence from chromosomal regions containing gliadin or low-molecular-weight glutenin loci on chromosome arms 1AS, 1BS, and 6DS, with the synthetic hexaploid contributing favorable alleles. Some RI lines showed quality values consistently superior to those of the parental material, suggesting the potential of further evaluating new combinations of alleles from diploid and tetraploid relatives, especially alleles of known storage proteins, for improvement of quality traits in wheat cultivars. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ohio State Univ, ARS, Soft Wheat Reg Qual Lab, USDA,Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CIMMYT Int, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. UBP Ameliorat & Sante Plantes, INRA, UMR 1095, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nelson, JC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 4024 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Breseghello, Flavio/J-6768-2012 NR 59 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2006 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9062-7 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 059BK UT WOS:000238708100016 ER PT J AU Faleiro, FG Queiroz, VT Lopes, UV Guimaraes, CT Pires, JL Yamada, MM Araujo, IS Pereira, MG Schnell, R de Souza, GA Ferreira, CF Barros, EG Moreira, MA AF Faleiro, FG Queiroz, VT Lopes, UV Guimaraes, CT Pires, JL Yamada, MM Araujo, IS Pereira, MG Schnell, R de Souza, GA Ferreira, CF Barros, EG Moreira, MA TI Mapping QTLs for witches' broom (Crinipellis perniciosa) resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE molecular markers; linkage map; disease resistance ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB Molecular markers (RAPD, AFLP and microsatellites) were used to generate a linkage map and to identify QTLs associated to witches' broom (Crinipellis perniciosa) resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao), using 82 individuals of an F-2 population derived from the clones ICS-1 (susceptible) and Scavina-6 (resistant). Fifteen evaluations of the number of brooms have been carried out in six years (1997-2002). In order to increase the precision and accuracy in the measures of resistance, each F-2 plant was cloned in three replications in a randomized block design with single-tree plots and evaluated over 2 years. Three hundred and forty-two markers were obtained, being 33 microsatellites, 77 AFLPs and 232 RAPDs. The distribution of the number of brooms in the F-2 population was skewed to resistance, suggesting the involvement of major genes controlling resistance and the repeatability estimated for resistance was 44%. A strong putative QTL was detected as being related to witches' broom resistance. Associated to this QTL, the microsatellite mTcCIR35 explained 35.5% of the phenotypic variation in resistance. This marker is being used for marker-assisted selection in Scavina-6 progenies, including those selected in private plantations, as an auxiliary tool to the phenotypic selection. C1 CEPLAC, Ctr Pesquisas Cacau, Itabuna, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Vicosa, Inst Biotecnol Aplicada & Agropecuaria, BR-36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Estadual Norte Fluminese, Dept Ciencias Agr, Campos, RJ, Brazil. USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Lopes, UV (reprint author), CEPLAC, Ctr Pesquisas Cacau, Itabuna, BA, Brazil. EM uilson@cepec.gov.br RI Moreira, Maurilio/J-6269-2012; deBarros, Everaldo/J-7260-2012 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2006 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9070-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 059BK UT WOS:000238708100024 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Liu, ZG Whitmire, J Alem, F Hamed, H Pesce, J Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, Q Liu, ZG Whitmire, J Alem, F Hamed, H Pesce, J Urban, JF Gause, WC TI IL-18 stimulates IL-13-mediated IFN-gamma-sensitive host resistance in vivo SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; natural killer cells; parasitic-helminth; rodent; T helper cells ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE PARASITE; CD4(+) T-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ALLERGIC-ASTHMA; TH2 CYTOKINES; MAST-CELLS; NKT CELLS AB IL-4 and IL-13 are up-regulated during in vivo responses to many nematode parasites, but increasing evidence suggests that increases in IL-13 can also occur independently of the IL-4-dominant Th2 response. Blocking B7 after Trichuris muris inoculation inhibits resistance and IL-4 elevations, instead resulting in an IFN-gamma-dominant response associated with susceptibility. However, blocking IFN-gamma under these conditions restores IL-13-dependent resistance. In this study, we examined the mechanism of IL-13 upregulation and associated protection during this in vivo immune response. CD4(+) T cells and DX5(+)TCR(-) cells were identified as the major producers of IL-13, and the DX5(+)TCR(-) cells were phenotyped as NK cells, since they expressed CD11b, IL-2R beta and Ly49C but not c-kit or Fc epsilon RI. NK cell-derived IL-13 elevations were T cell-dependent, as CD4(+) T cell depletion blocked IL-13 production by mesenteric lymph node cells and induced susceptibility. IL-13 expression was increased independently of IL-12; however, blocking IL-18 function inhibited IL-13 production and increased susceptibility. These results indicate that CD4(+) T cells and NK cells are the major sources of IL-13 during the in vivo Th1 response induced by B7 blockade and that under these conditions, IL-18 is specifically required for the in vivo up-regulation of IL-13 production and associated host protection. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047478, R01 AI047478-02, R01AI47478, R01 AI047478-01, R01 AI047478-03, R01 AI047478-05, R01 AI047478-06, R01 AI047478-04] NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1198 DI 10.1002/eji.200535668 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 046BB UT WOS:000237785300014 PM 16568498 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW AF Turechek, W. W. TI The practical considerations of scale in plant pathology SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Plant Disease Epidemiology Workshop CY APR 10-15, 2005 CL Landernau, FRANCE DE quantitative epidemiology; strawberry ID SPATIAL-PATTERN ANALYSIS; DISEASE INCIDENCE; HIERARCHY; HETEROGENEITY; AGGREGATION; EPIDEMICS AB The concept of scale has only recently gained recognition as a central theme in ecology. The rise in significance of scale in ecology can be attributed to the increase in hypothesis-driven experimental ecology over the last quarter century, and the realization that experimental results do not sufficiently explain past, or predict future observations in nature. Plant pathologists, who rely heavily on hypothesis-driven research, have confronted these same issues for nearly a century. In this paper, I will provide a concise presentation and discussion of the important concepts of scale and how they apply to the discipline of plant pathology. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC-W,Baltimore Ave 10300, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM turechekw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10658-005-2025-y PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 056CC UT WOS:000238497700005 ER PT J AU Alshatwi, AA Han, CT Schoene, NW Lei, KY AF Alshatwi, AA Han, CT Schoene, NW Lei, KY TI Nuclear accumulations of p53 and Mdm2 am annompanied by reductions in c-Abl and p300 in zinc-depleted human hepatoblastoma cells SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE p53; Mdm2; p300; c-Abl; zinc deficiency ID HEP G2 CELLS; TYROSINE KINASE; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; INTRACELLULAR ZINC; CASPASE-3 ACTIVITY; GROWTH-CONTROL; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA-DAMAGE; UBIQUITIN; PROTEIN AB The influence of zinc status on the expression of proteins known to be involved in the stability of p53, the human tumor suppressor gene product, was examined in hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells. Cells were cultured in zinc-deficient (ZD0.2, ZD0.4), zinc normal (ZN), zinc adequate (ZA), or zinc-supplemented (ZS) medium, which contained 0.2, 0.4, 4, 16, or 32 mu M zinc, respectively. Nuclear p53 levels were almost 100% and 40% higher in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells, respectively, than in ZN cells. Mdm2 protein, which mediates p53 degradation, was 174% and 148% higher in the nucleus of ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells, respectively, than in ZN cells. In addition, the observed reductions of nuclear c-AbI in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells to 50% and 60% of ZN cells, respectively, may be a cellular response attempting to normalize nuclear p53 accumulation because nuclear c-AbI is known to down-regulate ubiquitination and nuclear export of p53. Moreover, no changes in total cellular p53, Mdm2, and c-AbI or nuclear Mdmx were observed among the treatment groups. Furthermore, in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells, the reduction in total and nuclear p300, which is known to complex with CREB-binding protein and Mdm2 in the nucleus for the generation of degradable polyubiquitinated form of p53, may have depressed the degradation pathway for p53 and Mdm2, and contributed to the nuclear accumulation of these proteins in ZD cells. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Alshatwi, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0112 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dlei@umd.edu RI Alshatwi, Ali/E-5271-2014 OI Alshatwi, Ali/0000-0002-2441-553X NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 231 IS 5 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 037YI UT WOS:000237183500016 PM 16636310 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Lack of effect of metyrapone and exogenous cortisol on early porcine conceptus development SO EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FETAL FLUIDS; PIG EMBRYOS; ALDOSTERONE; GESTATION; SWINE; PROGESTERONE AB A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of maternal cortisol on early conceptus development in pigs (Sus scrofa). The corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor metyrapone was injected daily during days 14-19 of pregnancy, without (n = 6) and with commensurate administration of cortisol (n = 6). Blood samples were taken via an indwelling jugular catheter on days 14 and 18, and conceptuses were harvested during surgery on day 20. Compared with vehicle-injected control dams (n = 7) plasma cortisol and aldosterone concentrations were decreased (P < 0.01) by 52 and 29%, respectively, by metyrapone treatment. Cortisol administration reversed decreases in plasma cortisol by day 18. There were no treatment-associated effects on conceptus survival or size. Nor were there treatment-associated effects on allantoic fluid volume or content. Trophodermal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression decreased by 34% (P < 0.05) in metyrapone-treated pigs, and was not further influenced by concomitant administration of cortisol, thereby suggesting an influence of aldosterone on GR mRNA expression. Also, when all pigs were considered, there were treatment-independent second-order polynomial regressions (P < 0.05) between maternal plasma cortisol concentrations and embryonic weight, allantoic size and allantoic glucose concentrations, and between plasma aldosterone concentrations and trophodermal GR mRNA expression. Such biphasic corticosteroid concentration versus tissue parameter curves are noteworthy, but difficult to interpret validly. They may suggest that an appropriate corticosteroid environment is necessary for optimal porcine embryonic development during this stage of gestation, but cannot overshadow the absence of treatment effects on the porcine embryonic measures evaluated. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Klemcke, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM harold.klemcke@amedd.army.mil NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-0670 J9 EXP PHYSIOL JI Exp. Physiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 91 IS 3 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.033134 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 036HT UT WOS:000237062900004 PM 16431931 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Petrie-Hanson, L AF Glenney, GW Petrie-Hanson, L TI Fate of fluorescent microspheres in developing Ictalurus punctatus following prolonged immersion SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate uptake; innate immunity; immersion; fluorescent microspheres; Ictalurus punctatus; clearance ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM VACCINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT; TISSUE LOCALIZATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LYMPHOID ORGANS; FRY AB Particulate antigen uptake by the mucosa of developing channel catfish was determined by immersing larvae and fry [2-day posthatch (dph), 1-, 2-, 3- 4-, and 8-week post-hatch (wph)] to two forms of fluorescent microspheres (FMS): blue FMS were carboxylated, and green FMS were coated via conjugation with a crude extract of Edwardsiella ictaluri outer membrane protein (OMP). Phagocytosis, destination, and clearance appeared similar for the two types of FMS used. In the older age classes, primary uptake was observed in epithelial cells of the torso, fins, nares and to a lesser extent the gills. Fluorescent microspheres were less frequently observed within mononuclear phagocytes in the epidermis, dermis and underlying connective tissue of the tissue mentioned above. Limited FMS trafficking was observed from 4- to 24-h post-immersion (hpi). Significantly higher numbers of FMS (blue and green)/mm(3) of tissue were observed in the posterior kidney of the 4- and 8-wph age classes and in the anterior kidney and spleen of the 8-wph age class when compared to younger age classes (p < 0.05). Significantly higher FMS (blue and green)/mm(3) of tissue were observed in the posterior kidney of 4- and 8-wph fish when compared to all other organs (p < 0.05). The present Study indicates that FMS uptake increases with age in channel catfish. The Younger age classes may possess an increased ability to exclude particulate antigen, or lack the specific mechanisms that needed to take LIP particulates in the form of FMS. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Petrie-Hanson, L (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, POB 6100, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM gglenney@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; lora@cvm.msstate.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.09.007 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 015IH UT WOS:000235544600009 PM 16326113 ER PT J AU Keck, AS Finley, JW AF Keck, Anna-Sigrid Finley, John W. TI Aqueous extracts of selenium-fertilized broccoli increase selenoprotein activity and inhibit DNA single-strand breaks, but decrease the activity of quinone reductase in Hepa lclc7 cells SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE broccoli; sulforaphane; selenium; DNA damage; hepa 1c1c7 cells ID ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; BRASSICA VEGETABLES; BRUSSELS-SPROUTS; HEPA1C1C7 CELLS; CANCER-RISK; DAMAGE; ISOTHIOCYANATES; SULFORAPHANE AB Depending on growth conditions, broccoli may be enriched in the isothiocyanate sulforaphane and/or the mineral selenium (Se); both compounds may play an important role in the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress and chronic disease prevention. Sulforaphane up-regulates transcription of Phase II detoxification proteins (e.g. quinone reductase [QR]), whereas Se is needed for the production of thioredoxin reductase (TR) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx 1), both of which exhibit antioxidant activity. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the fertilization of broccoli with Se increases the antioxidant ability of broccoli. Hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA single-strand breaks (measured by single cell electrophoresis, Comet assay) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, TR and QR) were measured in mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa 1c1c7 cells) treated with purified sulforaphane, sodium selenite or extracts of selenized broccoli. When supplied separately as chemically pure substances, sodium selenite was more effective than sulforaphane for reduction of single-strand breaks. Se-fertilized broccoli extracts were the most effective for reduction of DNA single-strand breaks, and extracts that contained 0.71 mu M Se and 0.08 mu M sulforaphane inhibited 94% of DNA single-strand breaks. A significant positive association (r = 0.81, p = 0.009) between GPx1 activity and inhibition of DNA single-strand breaks as well as a 24 h lag time between addition of Se, sulforaphane or broccoli extract and inhibition of single-strand breaks suggests that some of the antioxidant protection is mediated through selenoproteins. Conversely, fertilization of broccoli with Se decreased the ability of broccoli extract to induce QR activity. These results demonstrate that Se and sulforaphane, alone or as a component of broccoli, may help decrease oxidative stress. They further suggest that Se is the most important for decreasing oxidative stress, but maximizing the Se content of broccoli also may compromise its ability to induce Phase II detoxification proteins. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), 150 Domorah Dr, Montgomeryville, PA 18936 USA. EM FinleyJ2@amtodd.com NR 36 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.10.002 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 048FD UT WOS:000237932100010 PM 16377050 ER PT J AU Cevallos-Casals, BA Byrne, D Okie, WR Cisneros-Zevallos, L AF Cevallos-Casals, BA Byrne, D Okie, WR Cisneros-Zevallos, L TI Selecting new peach and plum genotypes rich in phenolic compounds and enhanced functional properties SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; phenolics; peach; plum; antioxidant activity; antimicrobial activity; color stability ID FLESHED SWEET-POTATO; ANDEAN PURPLE CORN; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; FREESTONE PEACHES; NATURAL COLORANTS; FOOD; ANTIMICROBIALS; STABILITY; INHIBITION AB Fourteen red-fleshed plum (Prunus salicina Erhr. and hybrids) and eight peach [Prunus persica (Batsch) L.] genotypes were characterized for their total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. Selected rich phenolic genotypes showed high antioxidant activity, stable colour properties and good antimicrobial activity. Results indicated positive correlations between phenolic compounds (r(2) = 0.83) and antioxidant activity for both types of fruit. Colorants prepared from an anthocyanin rich plum genotype showed similar hue to that of synthetic colorant FD&C red 3 and higher stability than a commercial red grape colorant with respect to time, temperature and pH. Additionally, a selected rich phenolic plum genotype exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7. This study proposes that selection of crops high in phenolic compounds can be related to enhanced functional properties and opens the possibility of breeding fruits with targeted functional properties for the fresh produce and processing market. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cisneros-Zevallos, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Room 202, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lcisnero@taexgw.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 123 Z9 133 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 986BL UT WOS:000233423600012 ER PT J AU Allende, A McEvoy, JL Luo, YG Artes, F Wang, CY AF Allende, A McEvoy, JL Luo, YG Artes, F Wang, CY TI Effectiveness of two-sided UV-C treatments in inhibiting natural microflora and extending the shelf-life of minimally processed 'Red Oak Leaf' lettuce SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet light (254 nm); fresh-cut; microbial growth; sensory quality; gas composition ID ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ATMOSPHERE CONDITIONS; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; IRRADIATION; QUALITY; INACTIVATION; FRUITS; DECAY AB The use of UV-C radiation treatments to inhibit the microbial growth and extend the shelf-life of minimally processed 'Red Oak Leaf' lettuce was investigated. Initially, UV-C resistance of 20 bacterial strains from different genera often associated with fresh produce (Enterobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Leuconostoc, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Rahnela, Salmonella, Serratia and Yersinia) were tested in vitro. Most of the bacterial strains were inhibited with the minimum dose (30 J m(-2)). Erwinia carotovora, Leuconostoc carnosum, Salmonella typhimurium, and Yersinia aldovae were the most resistant strains requiring a UV-C dose of 85 J m(-2) to completely inhibit growth. An in vivo study consisted of treating minimally processed 'Red Oak Leaf' lettuce (Lactuca sativa) with UV-C at three radiation doses (1.18, 2.37 and 7.11 kJ m(-2)) on each side of the leaves and storing the product under passive MAP conditions at 5 degrees C for up to 10 days. The gas composition inside packages varied significantly among the treatments, with CO(2) concentrations positively and O(2) concentrations negatively correlating with the radiation dose. All the radiation doses were effective in reducing the natural microflora of the product, although the highest doses showed the greatest microbial inhibitions. Taking into account the microbial limit set by Spanish legislation [Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE), 2001. Normas de higiene para la elaboracion, distribucion y comercio de comidas preparadas, Madrid, Spain, Real Decreto 3484/2000, pp. 1435-1441], all UV-C treatments extended the shelf-life of the product. However, the 7.11 kJ m(-2) dose induced tissue softening and browning after 7 days of storage at 5 degrees C. Therefore, the use of two sided UV-C radiation, at the proper dose, is effective in reducing the natural microflora and extending the shelf-life of minimally processed 'Red Oak Leaf' lettuce. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci,Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CSIC, Dept Food Sci & Technol, CEBAS, Murcia 30080, Spain. Tech Univ Cartagena, Postharvest & Refrigerat Grp, Dept Food Engn, Cartagena 30023, Spain. RP McEvoy, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci,Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcevoyj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI ALLENDE, ANA/D-1867-2012 OI ALLENDE, ANA/0000-0002-5622-4332 NR 42 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.04.009 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 979VX UT WOS:000232974200004 PM 16943010 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO AF Ukuku, DO TI Effect of sanitizing treatments on removal of bacteria from cantaloupe surface, and re-contamination with Salmonella SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; chlorine; hydrogen peroxide; hot water; Salmonella ID FRESH PRODUCE; NATIVE MICROFLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DISINFECTION; WHOLE; SURVIVAL; CHLORINE; INDUSTRY; WATER AB There are many reports of disease due to consumption of cantaloupes contaminated at the surface with enteric pathogens. Salmonella is among the most frequently reported cause of foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States. Research was undertaken to determine the effects of sanitizer and hot water treatments on microbial populations on cantaloupe surfaces and to determine whether prior decontamination of melons by sanitizer treatment affects vulnerability to recontamination by Salmonella. Cantaloupes were sanitized with 200 ppm chlorine or 2.5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 min, or hot water (96 degrees C) for 2 min and were held at 5 degrees C for 24 h. Hot water treatments reduced the microbial populations on cantaloupe surface by 4.9 log reduction while H2O2 or chlorine caused approximately 2.6 log unit reduction on cantaloupe surfaces. When sanitized or hot water treated whole cantaloupes were re-inoculated with Salmonella. Higher populations of Salmonella were recovered from sanitized cantaloupes than from the untreated controls; recovery was greater from hot water treated cantaloupes than from cantaloupes treated with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide. The results of this study clearly show that sanitized cantaloupes are susceptible to recontamination if exposed to a human bacterial pathogen during subsequent handling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.04.002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 979VX UT WOS:000232974200010 PM 16943016 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Wonderling, LD Luchansky, JB AF Uhlich, GA Wonderling, LD Luchansky, JB TI Analyses of the putative Crp/Fnr family of transcriptional regulators of a serotype 4b strain of Listeria monocytogenes SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; Fnr; Crp; oxidative stress ID FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; IN-VIVO; GENE; EXPRESSION; PLASMIDS; PROTEIN; GROWTH; PRFA AB A whole-genome sequence analysis of Listeria monocytogenes strain F2365 revealed 15 potential members of the Crp/Fnr family of transcriptional regulatory proteins. Each gene and the flanking regions were cloned, subjected to in vitro transpositional mutagenesis, and recombined into strain F2365. Mutant strains, produced for 14 of the family members, were compared to strain F2365 for differences in carbon utilization, resistance to oxidative stress, and growth under reduced oxygen conditions that would signal an Fnr- or Crp-like function for these proteins. There were no differences among strain F2365 and the 14 mutant strains in the utilization of the carbon sources readily utilized by L. monocytogenes. Although strain KO2 had a reduced growth rate compared to strain F2365 and the other mutant strains at 30 degrees but not at 37 degrees C, there were no differences in growth rates among strain F2365 and the mutant strains when incubated at either 30 or 37 degrees C under reduced oxygen conditions. However, when compared for differences in response to oxidative stress, mutants KO2 and KO5 showed reduced oxidative stress tolerance compared to the wild-type strain F2365. These results suggest that certain members of the putative Crp/Fnr family in L. monocytogenes may function in response to oxidative stress similar to the Fnr-like protein (Flp) of other Gram-positive bacteria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM guhlich@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.03.007 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 979VX UT WOS:000232974200012 PM 16943018 ER PT J AU Heithecker, TD Halpern, CB AF Heithecker, TD Halpern, CB TI Variation microclimate associated with dispersed-retention harvests in coniferous forests of western Washington SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DEMO; forest management; forest microclimate; light; Pacific Northwest; structural retention; temperature; variable-retention harvest ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; VARYING LEVELS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; UNDERSTORY LIGHT; INITIAL RESPONSES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CANOPY GAPS; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB Green-tree or structural retention is becoming increasingly common as a method of regeneration harvest in the Pacific Northwest. of microclimatic stress is assumed to be one mechanism by which overstory retention enhances the survival of forest organisms and the potential for ecosystem recovery following timber harvest. We examined patterns of transmitted light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD), air and soil temperature, and soil moisture across a broad gradient of dispersed retention in mature, coniferous forests at three locations in western Washington. Treatment means and within-treatment variation (coefficients of variation among sample points within treatments) were compared for warm, sunny days in 6-7-year-old experimental harvest units representing 0, 15, 40, and 100% retention of original basal area. Multiple linear regression was used to explore relationships between microclimate and plot-scale measures of forest structure (including overstory attributes, understory vegetation, and logging slash). PPFD and mean and maximum air and soil temperatures decreased with level of retention. PPFD showed the strongest response, but did not differ between 40 and 100% retention. Mean and maximum air temperatures were significantly greater at 0 and 15% retention than at 100%. Among harvest treatments (0, 15, and 40%), mean air temperature was significantly lower at 40 than at 0%, but maximum air temperature did not differ among treatments. Mean and maximum soil temperatures differed only between 0 and 100% retention. Minimum air and soil temperatures and late-summer soil moisture did not differ among treatments. Within-treatment variability (coefficient of variation, CV) did not differ significantly with level of retention for any of the variables sampled, but CVs for soil temperature showed a consistent increase with decreasing retention. In combination, topography, residual forest structure, and understory variables were good predictors of PPFD and mean and maximum temperatures (R-2 of 0.55-0.85 in multiple regression models), but were poorer predictors of minimum temperatures and soil moisture (R-2 of 0.10-0.51). Canopy cover appeared most frequently in the models and cover of understory vegetation was a significant predictor in models of soil temperature. Trends in microclimate among experimental treatments were consistent, in large part, with the early responses of bryophyte, herbaceous, and fungal communities at these sites. Our results suggest that 15% retention, the current minimum standard on federal forests within the range of the northern spotted owl, does little to ameliorate microclimatic conditions relative to traditional clearcut logging. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Heithecker, TD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM theithecker@fs.fed.us; chalpern@u.washington.edu NR 53 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 1-3 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.024 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 037HT UT WOS:000237138400007 ER PT J AU Knapp, BO Wang, GG Walker, JL Cohen, S AF Knapp, BO Wang, GG Walker, JL Cohen, S TI Effects of site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings in North Carolina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grass stage; height growth; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris Mill.; root collar diameter; site preparation treatments; vegetation control AB We tested the effects of eight site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Treatments included an untreated check, six combinations of two initial vegetation control treatments (chopping or herbicide) with three planting site conditions (flat [no additional treatment], mounding, or bedding), and a more intense treatment consisting of chopping, herbicide, and bedding. All plots were prescribed burned after site preparation and before planting. Seedling survival was not significantly different among treatments at either 12 (p = 0.768) or 20 (p = 0.881) months after planting. Both bedding and mounding increased root collar diameter after 20 months when compared to flat treatments (p <= 0.002). Between the vegetation control treatments, herbicides increased root collar diameter growth over chopping (p = 0.002) while chopping did not significantly differ from the check. The most root collar growth occurred on the chopping/herbicide/bedding and herbicide/bedding treatments, with the least on the flat (check) and chopping/flat treatments. The percentage of seedlings in height growth 20 months after planting was higher on bedding and mounding treatments when compared to flat treatments (p <= 0.003). Herbicide was also significantly better than chopping with respect to the percentage of seedlings in height growth (p = 0.016). The treatments with the most seedlings in height growth were chopping/herbicide/bedding followed by herbicide/bedding and herbicide/mounding. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wang, GG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gwang@clemson.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 1-3 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.029 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 037HT UT WOS:000237138400013 ER PT J AU Brown, KA Scatena, FN Gurevitch, J AF Brown, KA Scatena, FN Gurevitch, J TI Effects of an invasive tree on community structure and diversity in a tropical forest in Puerto Rico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE secondary forest; forest regeneration; disturbance; land use history; invasive plants; Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF); Syzygium jambos ID LAND-USE HISTORY; SECONDARY FORESTS; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; EXOTIC PLANTS; SALT-MARSH; LANDSCAPE; REGENERATION; DYNAMICS; PASTURES; CHRONOSEQUENCE AB We report the effects of an invasive tree (Syzgium jambos, Myrtaceace) on species composition, plant diversity patterns, and forest regeneration in primary and secondary forest in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico, including the area in and around the Caribbean National Forest (CNF) and the Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research site (Luquillo LTER). Land use history was reconstructed using aerial photographs from 1936 to 1989 and study sites were categorized into four groups that corresponded to their status in 1936: unforested, young secondary. mature secondary, and primary forests. In randomly selected forest stands in each forest type, we measured the abundance of invasive and native tree species, seedling recruitment for S. jambos as well as soil nutrient pools and tested for the effects of land use history on S. jambos density and diversity. A partial Mantel test was used to control for historical and elevational differences across study sites. The results indicate that S. jambos density was highest in habitats classified in 1936 as unforested, young, or mature secondary forests. Compared to all other forest classes, species diversity was significantly higher in primary forests. However, there was no statistically significant difference between observed and estimated species richness across the four forest types. S. jambos density and species diversity were strongly negatively correlated. even after controlling for land use history and elevation. There was significantly higher S. jambos seedling recruitment in areas that were either unforested or had young secondary forests in 1936. The results also indicate that S. jambos is able to establish viable populations in habitats with different soil nutrient status. S. jambos has also altered vegetation composition and diversity patterns in habitats where it is the dominant tree species. After nearly 185 years since its introduction to the island, S. jambos is not only well established within 30 in of stream channels. its presence does not appear to be limited by topographic, soil nutrient, or elevational conditions. This study suggests that land use change and subsequent plant invasions have produced a new vegetation assemblage that has led to potentially long-term changes in community structure, species composition. and successional trajectory in regenerating secondary forests in the Luquillo Mountains. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Brown, KA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,MC 5557, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM kb2180@columbia.edu NR 49 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.031 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 037HT UT WOS:000237138400015 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Perry, CH Miles, PD AF Woodall, CW Perry, CH Miles, PD TI The relative density of forests in the United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stand density index; relative density; United States; carbon; fire ID MANAGEMENT; CARBON; INDEX AB A relative stand density assessment technique, using the mean specific gravity of all trees in a stand to predict its maximum stand density index (SDI) and subsequently its relative stand density (current SDI divided by maximum SDI), was used to estimate the relative density of forests across the United States using a national-scale forest inventory. Live tree biomass (dry metric tons) varies widely across the US with the largest amounts in the Pacific Northwest region followed by the hardwood forests of the eastern US. In contrast, the range of relative density appears to be less disparate with numerous forests across the US having densities as high as areas in the Pacific Northwest. Overall, the large-scale assessment of relative density indicates that the majority of forests in the US are fully occupied in a rather contiguous pattern except for areas of the western US. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 1-3 BP 368 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.032 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 037HT UT WOS:000237138400039 ER PT J AU Moon, RJ Frihart, CR Wegner, T AF Moon, RJ Frihart, CR Wegner, T TI Nanotechnology applications in the forest products industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL HARDNESS; NANO-INDENTATION; YOUNGS MODULUS; SPRUCE WOOD; MELAMINE; WALL AB Nanotechnology is the study and engineering of matter at the dimensions of 1 to 100 nanometers, where the physical, chemical, or biological properties are fundamentally different from those of the bulk material. By expanding our understanding and control of matter at such levels, new avenues in product development can be opened. Nanoscale-based science has applications across nearly all economic sectors and allows the development of new technologies with broad commercial potential, such as nanostructured materials, nanoscale-based manufacturing processes, and nanoelectronics. However, to fully achieve these potential applications, investments must be made in the science and engineering that will enable creation of new technologies and enable industry to produce more advanced and cost-competitive products. The necessary basic and applied nanotechnology research and development (R&D) are often too broad, complex, expensive, long-term, and risky for industry to undertake entirely on its own. Therefore, this R&D is best carried out as an integrated partnership and effort involving the federal government, academia, and industry. Figure 1 shows the historical breakdown of overall R&D spending by categorical group, and a similar trend is expected for the specific R&D spending in nanotechnology. This figure demonstrates that federal and university involvement in R&D is highest for basic research, while involvement of U.S. industry is highest in applied research and product development. To best assist industry in the utilization of nanotechnology, the federal government is concentrating its funding on basic research. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Moon, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM robertmoon@fs.fed.us; chihart@fs.fed.us; twegner@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 56 IS 5 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 044XS UT WOS:000237707500001 ER PT J AU Thomas, E Weiss, J AF Thomas, E Weiss, J TI Rough mill simulator version 3.0: An analysis tool for refining rough mill operations SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB ROMI-3 is a rough mill computer simulation package designed to be used by both rip-first and chop-first rough mill operators and researchers. ROMI-3 allows users to model and examine the complex relationships among cutting bill, lumber grade mix, processing options, and their impact on rough mill yield and efficiency. Integrated into the ROMI-3 software is a new least-cost grade mix solver that determines the most inexpensive grade mix to process with regard to both purchase and processing costs. In addition, ROMI-3 now has a new gang-ripsaw optimizer that determines the optimal fixed-blade saw spacing sequence based on the user's lumber width distribution, cutting bill, and processing configuration. For each simulation, ROMI-3 reports the amount of lumber and number of cutting operations required to complete processing of a cutting bill, as well as part tallies by lumber grade and overall. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. Accurate Millworks, Princeton, WV USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. EM ethomas@fs.fed.us; jweiss@accuratemillworks.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 56 IS 5 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 044XS UT WOS:000237707500009 ER PT J AU Nzokou, P Petrice, TR Haack, RA Kamdem, DP AF Nzokou, P Petrice, TR Haack, RA Kamdem, DP TI Borate and imidacloprid treatment of ash logs infested with the emerald ash borer SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA AB As of January 2006, portions of Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Ontario were infested with the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, a destructive exotic Asian beetle that feeds within the inner bark of ash (Fraxinus) trees. This project evaluated borate (dissodium octaborate tetrahydrate) and imidacloprid to sanitize EAB-infested logs, which would then facilitate log transport to mills outside the quarantine zones. EAB-infested logs were cut in winter and then spray- or dip-treated with either borate (1% to 5.5% BAE [boric acid equivalents]) or imidacloprid (0.01% to 0.05%). Treated logs were maintained indoors and evaluated for EAB adult emergence. Results indicated that low concentrations of borate (1% to 4%) were not effective at reducing EAB adult emergence. The highest borate concentration tested (5.5% BAE) significantly reduced EAB emergence for dip-treated logs but not for spray-treated logs. All imidacloprid concentrations, for both spray and dip treatments, completely controlled EAB adult emergence. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Sta, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Nzokou, P (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nzokoupa@msu.edu; tpetrice@fs.fed.us; rhaack@fs.fed.us; kamdem@msu.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 56 IS 5 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 044XS UT WOS:000237707500013 ER PT J AU Spies, TA Martin, JR AF Spies, TA Martin, JR TI Monitoring late-successional forest biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; endangered species; old-growth forests; Pacific Northwest; USA; regional ecosystem management AB The era of ecosystem management for federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest began in 1994 with the adoption of the Northwest Forest Plan. This plan was designed to maintain and restore species and ecosystems associated with late successional and old-growth forests on over 10 million ha of federal lands in Washington, Oregon and California. The plan called for implementation monitoring, effectiveness monitoring, and validation monitoring for a variety of ecological and socio-economic components. Monitoring has become a central part of management of the federal forests in the region and managers and scientists have gained considerable experience in implementing this large and complex program. The components of the monitoring plan include late-successional/old growth vegetation, northern spotted owls, marbled murrelets, aquatic habitat and social conditions. The monitoring plan is strongly based on vegetation layer created with TM satellite imagery and on a regional grid of forest inventory plots. The lessons learned from the implementation of this monitoring plan include: 1) agencies need to devote considerable resources to insure that effective monitoring will occur at broad scales; 2) aggregation of local monitoring efforts is not a substitute for a designed regional monitoring plan; 3) vegetation structure and composition, measured with satellite imagery and inventory plots, is a cost-effective, broad-scale indicator of biological diversity; 4) some species, such as threatened and endangered species, are not necessarily covered with habitat approaches and may require population monitoring; 5) our scientific understanding of monitoring components will vary widely as will the approaches to data collection and analysis; 6) monitoring requires research support to develop and test metrics and biodiversity models; 7) links of monitoring to decision-making (adaptive management) are still being forged. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us; jrmartin@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3 BP 364 EP 367 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055EJ UT WOS:000238432500030 ER PT J AU Guldener, U Seong, KY Boddu, J Cho, SH Trail, F Xu, JR Adam, G Mewes, HW Muehlbauer, GJ Kistler, HC AF Gueldener, Ulrich Seong, Kye-Yong Boddu, Jayanand Cho, Seungho Trail, Frances Xu, Jin-Rong Adam, Gerhard Mewes, Hans-Werner Muehlbauer, Gary J. Kistler, H. Corby TI Development of a Fusarium graminearum Affymetrix GeneChip for profiling fungal gene expression in vitro and in planta SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fusarium head blight; Fusarium asiaticum; Fusarium boothii; Fusarium culmorum; Fusarium pseudograminearum; Fusarium verticillioides; Fusarium oxysporum; RNA profiling ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; DNA MICROARRAYS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; REGULATED GENES; WHEAT SCAB; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; POPULATION; INFECTION AB Recently the genome sequences of several filamentous fungi have become available, providing the opportunity for large-scale functional analysis including genome-wide expression analysis. We report the design and validation of the first Affymetrix GeneChip microarray based on the entire genome of a filamentous fungus, the ascomycetous plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. To maximize the likelihood of representing all putative genes (similar to 14,000) on the array, two distinct sets of automatically predicted gene calls were used and integrated into the online E graminearum Genome DataBase. From these gene sets, a subset of calls was manually annotated and a non-redundant extract of all calls together with additional EST sequences and controls were submitted for GeneChip design. Experiments were conducted to test the performance of the F. graminearum GeneChip. Hybridization experiments using genomic DNA demonstrated the usefulness of the array for experimentation with F. graminearum and at least four additional pathogenic Fusarium species. Differential transcript accumulation was detected using the F. graminearum GeneChip with treatments derived from the fungus grown in culture under three nutritional regimes and in comparison with fungal growth in infected barley. The ability to detect fungal genes in planta is surprisingly sensitive even without efforts to enrich for fungal transcripts. The Plant Expression Database (PLEXdb, http:// www.plexdb.org) will be used as a public repository for raw and normalized expression data from the F graminearum GeneChip. The F graminearum GeneChip will help to accelerate exploration of the pathogen-host pathways that may involve interactions between pathogenicity genes in the fungus and disease response in the plant. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Chair Genome Oriented Bioinformat, Ctr Life & Food Sci, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, BOKU, Inst Appl Genet & Cell Biol, Vienna, Austria. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu RI Guldener, Ulrich/G-5227-2012 OI Guldener, Ulrich/0000-0001-5052-8610 NR 50 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.01.005 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 043RM UT WOS:000237619200002 PM 16531083 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, A Minges, P Sabat, G Martinez, D Aerts, A Salamov, A Grigoriev, I Shapiro, H Putnam, N Belinky, P Dosoretz, C Gaskell, J Kersten, P Cullen, D AF Vanden Wymelenberg, A Minges, P Sabat, G Martinez, D Aerts, A Salamov, A Grigoriev, I Shapiro, H Putnam, N Belinky, P Dosoretz, C Gaskell, J Kersten, P Cullen, D TI Computational analysis of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium v2.0 genome database and mass spectrometry identification of peptides in ligninolytic cultures reveal complex mixtures of secreted proteins SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phanerochaete chrysosporium; secretion; secretomie; proteome; gene cluster ID PEROXIDASE GENE FAMILY; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; ENZYME; EXPRESSION; PROTEASES; PURIFICATION; CLONING; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB The white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium employs extracellular enzymes to completely degrade the major polymers of wood: cellulose. hemicellulose, and lignin. Analysis of a total of 10,048 v2.1 gene niodels predicts 769 secreted proteins. a substantial increase over the 268 models identified in the earlier database (v1.0). Within the v2.1 computational secretome,' 43% showed no significant similarity to known proteins, but were structurally related to other hypothetical protein sequences. In contrast, 53% showed significant similarity to known protein sequences including 87 niodels assigned to 33 glycoside hydrolase families and 52 sequences distributed among 13 peptidase families. When grown Under standard ligninolytic conditions, peptides corresponding to I I peptidase genes were identified in culture filtrates by mass spectrometry (LS-MS/MS). Five peptidases were members of' a large family of aspartyl proteases. many of which were localized to gene clusters. Consistent with a role in dephosphorylation of lignin peroxidase, a mannose-6-phosphatase (M6Pase) was also identified in carbon-starved Cultures. Beyond proteases and M6Pase, 28 specific gene products were identified including several representatives of gene families. These included 4 lignin peroxidases, 3 lipases, 2 carboxylesterases, and 8 glycosyl hydrolases. The results Underscore the rich genetic diversity and complexity of P. chrysosporium's extracellular enzyme systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genet & Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Migal Galilee Technol Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Lab, Kiryat Shmona, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X NR 55 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.01.003 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 043RM UT WOS:000237619200005 PM 16524749 ER PT J AU Sangild, PT Siggers, RH Schmidt, M Elnif, J Bjornvad, CR Thymann, T Grondahl, ML Hansen, AK Jensen, SK Boye, M Moelbak, L Buddington, RK Westrom, BR Holst, JJ Burrin, DG AF Sangild, PT Siggers, RH Schmidt, M Elnif, J Bjornvad, CR Thymann, T Grondahl, ML Hansen, AK Jensen, SK Boye, M Moelbak, L Buddington, RK Westrom, BR Holst, JJ Burrin, DG TI Diet- and colonization-dependent intestinal dysfunction predisposes to necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; BLOOD-FLOW; PREMATURE; PIGLETS; BIRTH; INFANTS; GUT; INTERLEUKIN-6; INFLAMMATION; CLOSTRIDIUM AB Background & Aims: Preterm birth and formula feeding are key risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants, but little is known about intestinal conditions that predispose to disease. Thus, structural, functional, and microbiologic indices were used to investigate the etiology of spontaneous NEC development in preterm pigs. Methods : Piglets were delivered by cesarean section at 92% gestation, reared in infant incubators, and fed infant formula or colostrum every 3 hours (n = 120) until tissue collection at 1-2 days of age. Results: Clinical and histopathologic signs of NEC were observed in 57% of pigs fed FORMULA (26/46) and in 5% of pigs fed COLOSTRUM (2/38) (P <.05). Relative to COLOSTRUM, both healthy and sick FORMULA pigs had reduced intestinal villous heights, enzyme activities, nutrient absorption, and antioxidant levels and higher inducible nitric oxide synthetase activity (P <.05). In healthy pigs, mucosal microbial diversity remained low and diet independent. NEC pigs showed bacterial over-growth, and a high mucosal density of Clostridium perfringens was detected in some but not all pigs. Germfree conditions and antiserum against Clostridium perfringens toxin prevented intestinal dysfunction and NEC in formula-fed pigs, whereas the gut trophic factors, epidermal growth factor, and glucagon-like peptide 2 had limited effects. Conclusions: A subclinical, formula-induced mucosal atrophy and dysfunction predispose to NEC and bacterial overgrowth. The adverse feeding effects are colonization dependent and may be reduced by factors in colostrum that include antibodies against aggressive toxins such as those of Clostridium perfringens. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Nutr, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Reprod, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Danish Inst Agr Sci, Tjele, Denmark. Danish Inst Food & Vet Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Starkville, MI USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Starkville, MI USA. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Sangild, PT (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Human Nutr, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM psa@kvi.dk RI Jensen, Soren/N-5035-2015; OI Sangild, Per Torp/0000-0002-5462-7760; Holst, Jens Juul/0000-0001-6853-3805 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920] NR 44 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 21 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 130 IS 6 BP 1776 EP 1792 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.026 PG 17 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 044QG UT WOS:000237686700028 PM 16697741 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Sappington, Thomas W. TI Molecular genetic variation of boll weevil populations in North America estimated with microsatellites: Implications for patterns of dispersal SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; dispersal; eradication; gene flow; genetic variation; invasive species; microsatellites; migration; molecular markers; population assignment ID GRANDIS-BOHEMAN COLEOPTERA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; CURCULIONIDAE; FLOW; DNA AB The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) is an insect pest of cotton that underwent a well-documented range expansion across the southeastern U.S. from Mexico beginning about 110 years ago. Eleven microsatellite loci were surveyed to infer the magnitude and pattern of genetic differentiation among boll weevil populations from 18 locations across eight U.S. states and northeast Mexico. Estimates of genetic diversity (allelic diversity and heterozygosity) were greater in Southern than Northern populations, and were greater in the west than the east among Northern populations. Boll weevil populations were genetically structured as a whole across the geographic range sampled, with a global F (ST) of 0.241. South-central populations exhibit classic isolation by distance, but evidence suggests that populations within the Eastern and Western regions have not yet reached genetic equilibrium. Gene flow appears to be relatively high among populations within the Eastern region. Population assignment data and estimates of gene flow indicate that migration between locations separated by < 300 km is frequent. The database of microsatellite genotypes generated in this study now makes it possible, through population assignment techniques, to identify the most likely geographic source of a boll weevil reintroduced to an eradication zone, which will help action agencies decide the most appropriate mitigation response. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 75 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD MAY PY 2006 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 143 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10709-005-2673-z PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 065MV UT WOS:000239164900013 PM 16850220 ER PT J AU Fritz, GN Vander Meer, RK Preston, CA AF Fritz, Gary N. Vander Meer, Robert K. Preston, Catherine A. TI Selective male mortality in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COLONY GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-QUEEN COLONIES; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; EVOLUTION; FLOW; POPULATIONS; FREQUENCY; POLYGYNE AB Males in polygyne populations of Solenopsis invicta are primarily sterile diploids and thought to not express the Qp-9gene coding for a pheromone-binding protein affecting complex social behavior. We examined an aspect of the breeding system hitherto not considered-male Gp-9 genotypes in relation to sperm stored in queens. Four sites with varying frequencies of sympatric monogyne and polygyne colonies were sampled, including sexuals, workers, and broods from four colonies. Most queens were heterozygotes storing Bsperm. Although predicted to be common, only 14 of 504 males were Bor BBgenotypes, suggesting strong selection. Increased frequency of polygyne colonies at each site paralleled increases in queens with b sperm (1.9-32.8%) and of noninseminated queens. The presence of both B and b sperm in 1.9-18.9% of queens, genotype profiles of colonies, and genotypes of offspring from individual queens suggest some frequency of multiple mating. The bb genotype, rather than an obligate, developmental lethal, was present in some queens and common in alates, workers, and brood. Selective mortality of sexuals may affect multiple aspects of the breeding system, including female-mediated dispersal, mating success, and gene flow. C1 Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Fritz, GN (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM cfgnf@eiu.edu NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 173 IS 1 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.056358 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 049BN UT WOS:000237990600017 PM 16489215 ER PT J AU Gonzalo, M Vyn, TJ Holland, JB McIntyre, LM AF Gonzalo, Martin Vyn, Tony J. Holland, James B. McIntyre, Lauren M. TI Mapping density response in maize: A direct approach for testing genotype and treatment interactions SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ANTHESIS-SILKING INTERVAL; ABSCISIC-ACID CONCENTRATION; PLANT-POPULATION DENSITY; NON-STRESS ENVIRONMENTS; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; TROPICAL MAIZE; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; YIELD COMPONENTS AB Maize yield improvement has been strongly linked to improvements in stress tolerance, particularly to increased interplant competition. As a result, modern hybrids are able to produce kernels at high plant population densities. Identification of the genetic factors responsible for density response in maize requires direct testing of interactions between genetic effects and density and evaluation of that response in multiple traits. In this article we take a broad view of the problem and use a general approach based upon mixed models to analyze data from eight segmental inbred lines in a B73 background and their crosses to the unrelated parent Mo17 (hybrids). We directly test for the interaction between treatment effects and genetic effects instead of the commonly used overlaying of results on a common map. Additionally, we demonstrate one way to handle heteroscedasticity of variances common in stress responses. We find that some SILs are consistently different from the recurrent parent regardless of the density, while others differ from the recurrent parent in one density level but not in the other. Thus, we find positive evidence for both main effects and interaction between genetic loci and density in cases where the approach of overlapping results fails to find significant results. Furthermore, our study clearly identifies segments that respond differently to density depending upon the inbreeding level (inbred/hybrid). C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McIntyre, LM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM mcintyre@mbi.ufl.edu RI McIntyre, Lauren/J-8414-2012; OI McIntyre, Lauren/0000-0002-0077-3359; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG16996] NR 79 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 173 IS 1 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.045757 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 049BN UT WOS:000237990600029 PM 16489238 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC Zhang, JY Lee, BS Jensen, KB Kishii, M Tsujimoto, H AF Wang, RRC Zhang, JY Lee, BS Jensen, KB Kishii, M Tsujimoto, H TI Variations in abundance of 2 repetitive sequences in Leymus and Psathyrostachys species SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE FISH; genome; polyploid; 350 bp family; pLrTaiI-1; STS-PCR ID DIPLOID ELYMUS-JUNCEUS; C-BANDED KARYOTYPES; TRITICEAE; POACEAE; GENOME; DNA; HYBRIDS; HETEROCHROMATIN; LOCALIZATION; POPULATIONS AB The Ns genome of the genus Psathyrostachys is a component of the polyploid genome in the genus Leymus. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the occurrence and abundance of 2 tandem repetitive sequences from Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev, pLrTaiI-1 (TaiI family) and pLrPstI-1 (1 class of 350-bp family), were assayed in 4 species of the genera Psathyrostachys and Leymus. The pLrPstI-1 sequence was absent in all 4 Psathyrostachys species. While P. fragilis and P. huashanica did not have the pLrTaiI-1 sequence, 15 accessions of P. juncea and 2 accessions of P. lanuginosa had pLrTaiI-1 sites ranging in number from 7 to 16 and from 2 to 21, respectively. The numbers of pLrTaiI-1 and pLrPstI-1 sites were 1-24 and 0-30, respectively, in L. ramosus; 2-31 and 5-36 in L. racemosus; 0-4 and 0 in L. mollis; 2-9 and 24-27 in L. secalinus. The FISH assay on pLrTaiI-1 was successfully converted to a sequence-tagged-site polymerase chain reaction (STS-PCR) test using a primer pair designed from the sequence of this repetitive DNA. Seventy-three accessions representing 27 Leymus species were assayed for the abundance of pLrTaiI-1 by STS-PCR. With a few exceptions of uniformity in some accessions, nearly all Leymus species observed were heterogeneous for the abundance of pLrTaiI-1 sequence and no Leymus species was totally devoid of this repetitive sequence. These findings may have significance for the understanding of phylogeny, nature of polyploidy, adaptive ranges, and breeding potential of Leymus species. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Plant Genet & Breeding Sci, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rrcwang@cc.usu.edu RI Tsujimoto, Hisashi/A-5914-2016 OI Tsujimoto, Hisashi/0000-0003-0203-0759 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1139/G05-126 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060DH UT WOS:000238781900011 PM 16767176 ER PT J AU Chao, S Lazo, GR You, F Crossman, CC Hummel, DD Lui, N Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Anderson, JA Close, TJ Dubcovsky, J Gill, BS Gill, KS Gustafson, JP Kianian, SF Lapitan, NLV Nguyen, HT Sorrells, ME McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Anderson, OD AF Chao, S Lazo, GR You, F Crossman, CC Hummel, DD Lui, N Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Anderson, JA Close, TJ Dubcovsky, J Gill, BS Gill, KS Gustafson, JP Kianian, SF Lapitan, NLV Nguyen, HT Sorrells, ME McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Anderson, OD TI Use of a large-scale Triticeae expressed sequence tag resource to reveal gene expression profiles in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tags; ESTs; gene expression profiles; wheat; Triticeae ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSES; RECOMBINATION RATES; PATTERNS; GENOMES; STRESS; SALT; DUPLICATIONS; EVOLUTION; LIBRARIES; DELETIONS AB The US Wheat Genome Project, funded by the National Science Foundation, developed the first large public Triticeae expressed sequence tag (EST) resource. Altogether, 116 272 ESTs were produced, comprising 100 674 5' ESTs and 15 598 3' ESTs. These ESTs were derived from 42 cDNA libraries, which were created from hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its close relatives, including diploid wheat (T. monococcum L. and Aegilops speltoides L.), tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.), using tissues collected from various stages of plant growth and development and under diverse regimes of abiotic and biotic stress treatments. ESTs were assembled into 18 876 contigs and 23 034 singletons, or 41 910 wheat unigenes. Over 90% of the contigs contained fewer than 10 EST members, implying that the ESTs represented a diverse selection of genes and that genes expressed at low and moderate to high levels were well sampled. Statistical methods were used to study the correlation of gene expression patterns, based on the ESTs clustered in the1536 contigs that contained at least 10 5' EST members and thus representing the most abundant genes expressed in wheat. Analysis further identified genes in wheat that were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in tissues under various abiotic stresses when compared with control tissues. Though the function annotation cannot be assigned for many of these genes, it is likely that they play a role associated with the stress response. This study predicted the possible functionality for 4% of total wheat unigenes, which leaves the remaining 96% with their functional roles and expression patterns largely unknown. Nonetheless, the EST data generated in this project provide a diverse and rich source for gene discovery in wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94170 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Div Plant Sci, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Chao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaos@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 531 EP 544 DI 10.1139/G06-003 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060DH UT WOS:000238781900013 PM 16767178 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC Li, XM Chatterton, NJ AF Wang, RRC Li, XM Chatterton, NJ TI Cytological evidence for assortment mitosis leading to loss of heterozygosity in rice SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE mitosis; homologous chromosome; genotype fixation; loss of heterozygosity; rice ID SOMATIC SEGREGATION; HYBRIDS AB In the root meristem cells of the rice line AMR, which causes loss of heterozygosity in its hybrids, both normal and assortment mitoses were observed. During normal mitosis, chromosomes did not form homologous pairs at metaphase; all chromosomes lined up at the equatorial plate and 2 chromatids of each chromosome disjoined at the centromere and moved toward opposite poles. During assortment mitosis, varying numbers of paired homologues were observed at mitotic metaphase. Two groups of 12 chromosomes separated and moved towards the opposite poles of daughter cells with few chromosomes having their chromatids separated at anaphase. These observations support the proposed mechanism that is responsible for early genotype fixation in rice hybrids involving AMR. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rrcwang@cc.usu.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 556 EP 557 DI 10.1139/G06-015 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060DH UT WOS:000238781900015 PM 16767180 ER PT J AU She, XW Liu, G Ventura, M Zhao, S Misceo, D Roberto, R Cardone, MF Rocchi, M Green, ED Archidiacano, N Eichler, EE AF She, XW Liu, G Ventura, M Zhao, S Misceo, D Roberto, R Cardone, MF Rocchi, M Green, ED Archidiacano, N Eichler, EE CA NISC Comparative Sequencing Progr TI A preliminary comparative analysis of primate segmental duplications shows elevated substitution rates and a great-ape expansion of intrachromosomal duplications SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-GENOME; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; REGIONS; MOUSE; GENE; INSTABILITY; SELECTION; HUMANS; IMPACT AB Compared with other sequenced animal genomes, human segmental duplications appear larger, more interspersed, and disproportionately represented as high-sequence identity alignments. Global sequence divergence estimates of human duplications have suggested an expansion relatively recently during hominoid evolution. Based on primate comparative sequence analysis of 37 unique duplication-transition regions, we establish a molecular clock for their divergence that shows a significant increase in their effective substitution rate when compared with unique genomic sequence. Fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH) analyses from 1053 random nonhuman primate BACs indicate that great-ape species have been enriched for interspersed segmental duplications compared with representative Old World and New World monkeys. These findings support computational analyses that show a 12-fold excess of recent (> 98%) intrachromosomal duplications when compared with duplications between nonhomologous chromosomes. These architectural shifts in genomic structure and elevated substitution rates have important implications for the emergence of new genes, gene-expression differences, and structural variation among humans and great apes. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Bari, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Genome Technol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH Intramural Sequencing Ctr, NHGRI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eichler, EE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eee@gs.washington.edu RI Ventura, Mario/E-6420-2011; Cardone, Maria Francesca/G-8818-2012; OI Ventura, Mario/0000-0001-7762-8777; Cardone, Maria Francesca/0000-0002-7597-7313; Rocchi, Mariano/0000-0002-9451-5616 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58815, R01 GM058815] NR 42 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1101/gr.4949406 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 038LF UT WOS:000237220600003 PM 16606706 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Rawls, WJ AF Nemes, A Rawls, WJ TI Evaluation of different representations of the particle-size distribution to predict soil water retention SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE particle-size distribution; interpolation; pedotransfer function; group method of data handling; water retention ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SANDY SOILS; TEXTURE; PARAMETERS; CURVES AB Detailed particle-size distribution (PSD) data or parameters derived from it are used in almost all pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate soil hydraulic properties. Most commonly, the PSD is represented by the sand, silt and clay content of a soil. However, a number of standards exist and are in use internationally to describe PSD and particle-size classes. Additionally, some authors use derived particle-size information, such as the geometric mean diameter and its standard deviation as input to their predictive equations. We compared the usefulness of some of the most common representations of the PSD in estimating water retention at -33 and -1500 kPa, using Group Method of Data Handling and data of three databases. The cutoff limit between silt and sand content has been simulated to be at 20, 50 and at 63 mu m, as used in various countries. We also used the geometric mean diameter and its standard deviation as predictors. We examined the effect of using the wrong cutoff limit in the PSD curve while applying a PTF. Overall, we could not point out one particular representation of the PSD that would clearly provide better results in estimating the selected soil hydraulic properties. Using geometric mean diameter and its standard deviation to represent the entire PSD curve with two parameters did not result in significantly different estimates of the examined soil hydraulic properties, than models that use distinct particle-size classes as input. We found no evidence suggesting that using interpolated data would reduce the accuracy of the estimation of these soil hydraulic properties. It is not straight forward to pre-determine if using the wrong definition of the silt/sand boundary in the PSD data will result in significant loss of estimation accuracy or not; therefore, using such data should be avoided. Our study suggests that using interpolated data-which of course carries a certain magnitude of interpolation error-poses fewer risks while using a PTF than using measured data with the wrong silt/sand boundary. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM anemes@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 57 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.018 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 031YK UT WOS:000236740900005 ER PT J AU Tu, C Booker, FL Watson, DM Chen, X Rufty, TW Shi, W Hu, SJ AF Tu, C Booker, FL Watson, DM Chen, X Rufty, TW Shi, W Hu, SJ TI Mycorrhizal mediation of plant N acquisition and residue decomposition: Impact of mineral N inputs SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; C-13 tracer; decomposition; hyphal N transport; mineral N inputs; N-15 tracer; particulate organic C; plant N acquisition; soil C ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; FUNGI; SOIL; CARBON; HYPHAE; GROWTH; ROOTS; FERTILIZATION AB Mycorrhizas are ubiquitous plant-fungus mutualists in terrestrial ecosystems and play important roles in plant resource capture and nutrient cycling. Sporadic evidence suggests that anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input may impact the development and the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, potentially altering host plant growth and soil carbon (C) dynamics. In this study, we examined how mineral N inputs affected mycorrhizal mediation of plant N acquisition and residue decomposition in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that either prevented or allowed AM fungal hyphae but not plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) was planted in the HOST compartments that had been inoculated with either a single species of AM fungus, Glomus etunicatum, or a mixture of AM fungi including G. etunicatum. Mycorrhizal contributions to plant N acquisition and residue decomposition were directly assessed by introducing a mineral N-15 tracer and C-13-rich residues of a C-4 plant to the TEST compartments. Results from N-15 tracer measurements showed that AM fungal hyphae directly transported N from the TEST soil to the host plant. Compared with the control with no penetration of AM fungal hyphae, AM hyphal penetration led to a 125% increase in biomass N-15 of host plants and a 20% reduction in extractable inorganic N in the TEST soil. Mineral N inputs to the HOST compartments (equivalent to 5.0 g N m(-2) yr(-1)) increased oat biomass and total root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi by 189% and 285%, respectively, as compared with the no-N control. Mineral N inputs to the HOST plants also reduced extractable inorganic N and particulate residue C proportion by 58% and 12%, respectively, in the corresponding TEST soils as compared to the no-N control, by stimulating AM fungal growth and activities. The species mixture of mycorrhizal fungi was more effective in facilitating N transport and residue decomposition than the single AM species. These findings indicate that low-level mineral N inputs may significantly enhance nutrient cycling and plant resource capture in terrestrial ecosystems via stimulation of root growth, mycorrhizal functioning, and residue decomposition. The long-term effects of these observed alterations on soil C dynamics remain to be investigated. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Zhejiang 310029, Peoples R China. RP Hu, SJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM shuijin_hu@ncsu.edu RI Tu, Cong/H-9750-2013 NR 51 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 11 U2 65 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 793 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01149.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040ZE UT WOS:000237421500004 ER PT J AU Hunt, HD Goto, RM Foster, DN Bacon, LD Miller, MM AF Hunt, HD Goto, RM Foster, DN Bacon, LD Miller, MM TI At least one YMHCI molecule in the chicken is alloimmunogenic and dynamically expressed on spleen cells during development SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE chicken major histocompatibility complex; MHCI; alloantigens; MHC Y (formerly Rfp-Y); MHC B ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MHC-LIKE GENES; CLASS-I GENES; RFP-Y; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER; MAREKS-DISEASE; ROUS SARCOMAS; RESISTANCE; LINES; REGION AB Transcriptionally active, MHC class I (MHCI) loci are located in two separate polymorphic genomic regions in the chicken called B and Y. The YMHCI gene sequences encode molecules with uncommon substitutions in the antigen-binding region indicating that YMHCI molecules are likely unique and may bind a specialized form of antigen distinct from that of other antigen-binding MHCI molecules. To learn whether YMHCI gene expression results in the production of alloantigens at the cell surface, we immunized 15I(5) x 7(2) chickens using syngeneic RP9 cells expressing transduced YF1w*7.1, a potentially alloimmunogenic YMHCI allele from the Y7 haplotype present in line C. The resulting antisera show that YF1w*7.1 MHCI molecules are immunogenic and expressed on the surfaces of cells in blood and spleen of line C chickens. Virtually all CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells circulating in line C blood are positive, as are BU1(+) stop cells. The YF1w*7.1 MHCI allele is dynamically expressed at levels comparable to but transcriptionally independent of classical BMHCI on erythrocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and thrombocytes within the spleen pre- and post-hatching. The antisera react with cells from two among four haplotypes segregating in closed populations of lines N and P. YMHCI shares features associated with both classical and non-classical MHCI. It is becoming increasingly likely that YMHCI has a fundamental role in avian immunity and thereby needs to be included in the growing spectrum of functionally active, diverse MHCI molecules no longer adequately described by the classical/non-classical dichotomy. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Div Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hunt, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hunthd@MSU.edu; mamiller@coh.org NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0074-1 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 037CB UT WOS:000237123200006 PM 16607558 ER PT J AU Wiens, GD Glenney, GW LaPatra, SE Welch, TJ AF Wiens, GD Glenney, GW LaPatra, SE Welch, TJ TI Identification of novel rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) chemokines, CXCd1 and CXCd2: mRNA expression after Yersinia ruckeri vaccination and challenge SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE chemokine; CXC; Yersinia ruckeri; chemotaxis; vaccine ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TELEOST FISH; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FUGU-RUBRIPES; INFECTION AB Chemokines play important roles in controlling leukocyte trafficking under normal and inflammatory conditions. Sixteen CXC chemokines have been identified in the human and mouse genomes, while considerably fewer teleost fish CXC chemokines have been reported. Here, we describe a novel clade of trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) CXC chemokines, designated Onmy CXCd, and we identify a novel gene, CXCd1, and a putative duplicate, CXCd2. The trout CXCd proteins contain 112 amino acids and the CXCd1 gene is comprised of four exons and three introns. Constitutive CXCd mRNA expression was detected in skin, gill, visceral fat, and posterior kidney tissues, while low transcript levels were present in the anterior kidney and spleen. Spleen CXCd transcript abundance increased 1 day after bath vaccination (fourfold) and subsided to basal levels by 7 days postvaccination. Challenge with viable Yersinia ruckeri induced expression of trout CXCd RNA up to ninefold in the spleen. The number of viable Y. ruckeri were significantly correlated with CXCd gene transcript abundance (P=0.0051, Spearman correlation 0.497, n=30 fish), and fish with the highest bacterial loads had the highest CXCd expression. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1-beta 2 mRNA levels were elevated in fish infected with low numbers of Y. ruckeri, while diminishing in heavily infected fish. CXCd mRNA expression was not increased in rainbow trout infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, suggesting that up-regulation may be pathogen-specific. Taken together, these results indicate that CXCd transcript elevation follows the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to Y. ruckeri and may be a relevant immunological marker of exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID USA. RP Wiens, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM gwiens@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 NR 53 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 BP 308 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s00251-006-0084-7 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 037CB UT WOS:000237123200007 PM 16570138 ER PT J AU Lynn, DE AF Lynn, Dwight E. TI Lepidopteran cell lines after long-term culture in alternative media: Comparison of growth rates and baculovirus replication SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE nucleopolyhedrovirus; insect cell lines; serum-free medium; virus productivity ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS AB Three insect cell lines, IPLB-LdFB and IPLB-LdElta from gypsy moth fat body and embryos and UFL-AG-286 from velvetbean caterpillar embryos, have been concurrently maintained for 1 to 12 yr on two media formulations, modified TC-100 containing 9% fetal bovine serum and Ex-cell 400, a commercial serum-free medium (SFM). Cells grown in each medium were tested for susceptibility to and productivity of various multiply embedded nucleopolyhedroviruses. The three lines chosen for these experiments fall into three categories of relative growth in SFM versus TC-100: LdFB Cells grew similarly in each medium, LdElta grew better in Ex-Cell than in TC-100, and AG-286 grew better in TC-100 than in Ex-Cell. The susceptibility of cells to infection also varies, although without any apparent correlation to which medium was best for supporting growth. Endpoint assays suggested that LdFB cells grown in serum-containing medium are more susceptible to virus infection than their SFM counterparts, while the opposite is true for LdElta cells. Production of virus, based on numbers of occlusion bodies, showed fewer differences with only AcMNPV production with AG-286 in TC-100 being statistically higher than production of the same virus in Ex-cell 400. These studies suggest that long-term passage in alternative media may impact the ability of cells to support virus infection and replication, but the effects on each cell line and virus system need to be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 214,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1290/0512088.1 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 094NG UT WOS:000241245500006 PM 16848634 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Lowery, BA DeKeyser, SS Winchell, ML Cermak, SC AF Isbell, TA Lowery, BA DeKeyser, SS Winchell, ML Cermak, SC TI Physical properties of triglyceride estolides from lesquerella and castor oils SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE lesquerella; castor; estolides; viscosity; cloud point; pour point ID ESTERS AB Lesquerella is a developing hydroxy oilseed crop suitable for rotation in the and Southwestern United States. The hydroxy oil of lesquerella makes it suitable for esterification into triglyceride estolides. The estolide functionality imparts unique physical properties that make this class of materials suitable for functional fluid applications. Lesquerella and castor hydroxy triglycerides were converted to their corresponding estolides by reacting the oils with saturated fatty acids (C2-C18) in the presence of a tin 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst (0.1 wt.%) and utilizing the condensation of hydroxy with corresponding anhydride or heating under vacuum at 200 degrees C. Two homologous series of estolides for each triglyceride were synthesized for comparison, mono-capped (one hydroxy functionality per triglyceride molecule) and full-capped (all hydroxy functionalities per triglyceride molecule). Physical properties (pour point, cloud point, viscosity, and oxidative stability) were compared for this estolide series. The longer chain saturate capped estolides (C14-C18) had the highest pour points for both mono-capped (9 degrees C, C18:0) and full-capped (24 degrees C, C18:0) lesquerella estolides. Castor mono-capped (9 degrees C) and full-capped (18 degrees C) triglyceride estolides gave similar properties. However, pour points improved linearly when the shorter saturated fatty acid capping chain lengths were esterified with the hydroxy triglycerides. Lesquerella capped with a C6:0 fatty acid had pour points of -33 degrees C for the mono-capped and -36 degrees C for the full-capped and castor had -36 and -45 degrees C, respectively. Oxidative stabilities of the estolides were compared for oleic, lauric and lauric-hydrogenated mono- and full-capped materials by rotating bomb oxygen test (RBOT). RBOT times for oleic and lauric capped estolides were low and similar with times centered around 15 min. However, when antioxidant (4 wt.%) was added the RBOT times increased to 688 min for the hydrogenated full-capped lesquerella lauric estolide. The antioxidant had little effect on RBOT times when 2 wt.% or less antioxidant was added for all the estolides except those that were hydrogenated. The hydrogenated estolides showed improvements in oxidative stability at all concentrations of antioxidant tested. Viscosity index ranged from 130 to 202 for all estolides with the shorter chain length capped estolides gave the lower viscosity index values. Viscosity at 100 degrees C ranged from 13.9 to 26.6 cSt and the 40 degrees C viscosity ranged from 74.7 to 260.4 cSt where the longer chain length capped estolides gave the highest viscosities. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Morton Jr High Sch, Morton, IL 61550 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), ARS, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM isbellta@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.08.001 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 037NC UT WOS:000237152700005 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Goldberg, N Parris, N AF Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Goldberg, N Parris, N TI Separation of particles from ethanol/maize extracts: An inexpensive alternative to centrifugation SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE particle separation; maize; extraction; ethanol; protein; zein isolate ID MAIZE PARTICLES; LIQUID; CORN AB An important aspect of extraction using an organic solvent that is often ignored in many laboratory scale studies is thorough solvent recovery. Although most of the solvent can be recovered with a centrifuge, the solvent left on the 'dry' stream must be evaporated. A custom built pilot-scale settling tank was used to separate maize particles from ethanol extracts into water with little dilution of the extract liquid. The larger particles that settled in the first one-fourth of the tank were carried out by a continuous water flow 76 cm below the extract layer. The large particles had 80% higher protein mass fraction than the smaller particles that collected in the bottom of the settling tank downstream from the extract inlet. Water flow was confined to the bottom of the tank and extracted particles were prevented from accumulating in the settling tank with a much lower water/extract flow rate ratio than needed for a smaller settling tank. The mass ratio of entrained extract liquid/settled solids (0.5) was one-half that observed in previous methods using smaller tanks. This is caused by a more stable extract/water interface. The yield from finer, I mm meal, was slightly lower than 2 mm meal and increased extract liquid entrainment. Consequently, the 2 mm particle size is the minimum that should be used with this process. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ldickey@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.08.006 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 037NC UT WOS:000237152700006 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, JR McAloon, AJ Taylor, F Johnston, DB AF Kwiatkowski, JR McAloon, AJ Taylor, F Johnston, DB TI Modeling the process and costs of fuel ethanol production by the corn dry-grind process SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE corn; ethanol; dry-grind; coproducts; economics ID CONVERSION AB The corn dry-grind process is the most widely used method in the U.S. for generating fuel ethanol by fermentation of grain. Increasing demand for domestically produced fuel and changes in the regulations on fuel oxygenates have led to increased production of ethanol mainly by the dry-grind process. Fuel ethanol plants are being commissioned and constructed at an unprecedented rate based on this demand, though a need for a more efficient and cost-effective plant still exists. A process and cost model for a conventional corn dry-grind processing facility producing 119 million kg/year (40 million gal/year) of ethanol was developed as a research tool for use in evaluating new processing technologies and products from starch-based commodities. The models were developed using SuperPro Designer(R) software and they handle the composition of raw materials and products, sizing of unit operations, utility consumptions, estimation of capital and operating costs, and the revenues from products and coproducts. The model is based on data gathered from ethanol producers, technology suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and engineers working in the industry. Intended applications of this model include: evaluating existing and new grain conversion technologies, determining the impact of alternate feedstocks, and sensitivity analysis of key economic factors. In one sensitivity analysis, the cost of producing ethanol increased from US$ 0.235 l(-1) to US$ 0.365 l(-1) (US$ 0.89 gal(-1) to US$ 1.38 gal(-1)) as the price of corn increased from US$ 0.071 kg(-1) to US$ 0.125 kg(-1) (US$ 1.80 bu(-1) to US$ 3.20 bu(-1)). Another example gave a reduction from 151 to 140 million l/year as the amount of starch in the feed was lowered from 59.5% to 55% (w/w). This model is available on request from the authors for non-commercial research and educational uses to show the impact on ethanol production costs of changes in the process and coproducts of the ethanol from starch process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, JR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jkwiatkowski@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 188 Z9 194 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.08.004 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 037NC UT WOS:000237152700008 ER PT J AU Zhan, X Wang, D Bean, SR Mo, X Sun, XS Boyle, D AF Zhan, X Wang, D Bean, SR Mo, X Sun, XS Boyle, D TI Ethanol production from supercritical-fluid-extrusion cooked sorghum SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE ethanol fermentation; sorghum; supercritical-fluid-extrusion; fermentation efficiency ID LACTIC-ACID PRODUCTION; STARCH; GRAIN; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEINS; QUALITY; FLOURS AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a starch-rich grain similar to maize (Zea mays L.), but sorghum has been underutilized for biobased products and bioenergy. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supercritical-fluid-extrusion (SCFX) of sorghum on ethanol production. Morphology, chemical composition, and thermal properties of extruded sorghum were characterized. Analysis of extruded sorghum showed increased measurable starch content, free sugar content, and high levels of gelatinized starch. SCFX cooked and non-extruded sorghum were further liquefied, saccharified, and fermented to ethanol by using Saccharomyces cervisiae. The ethanol yield increased as sorghum concentration increased from 20 to 40% for both extruded and non-extruded sorghum. Ethanol yields from SCFX cooked sorghum were significantly greater than that from non-extruded sorghum (>5%). (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.09.001 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 037NC UT WOS:000237152700010 ER PT J AU Hwang, HS Erhan, SZ AF Hwang, HS Erhan, SZ TI Synthetic lubricant basestocks from epoxidized soybean oil and Guerbet alcohols SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE epoxidized soybean oil; Guerbet alcohol; lubricant; oxidative stability; pour point; synthetic lubricant ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; VEGETABLE-OILS AB Vegetable oils are biodegradable and therefore good candidates for environmentally friendly base stocks. They have excellent lubricity, but poor oxidation and low temperature stabilities. For this study, synthetic lubricant basestocks with oxidative stabilities and pour points comparable with commercial synthetic lubricant basestocks have been prepared by reacting epoxidized soybean oil with Guerbet alcohols. Four different Guerbet alcohols, C12- C14-, C16-, and C18-Guerbet alcohols were used. Reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with a Guerbet alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid provided open-ringed products. H-1 NMR has shown that transesterification follows after ring-opening reaction under the given reaction conditions. Two types of ring-opened products, 0%- and 100%-transesterified products, could be obtained under controlled reaction conditions. Pour points of the ring-opened products ranged from - 18 to -36 degrees C without pour point depressant (PPD) and from -21 to -42 degrees C with 1% of PPD. Acetylation of hydroxy groups in the ring-opened products further lowered pour points that ranged from -27 to -42 degrees C without PPD and from -30 to -48 degrees C with 1% of PPD. Oxidative stability was examined using a modified Penn State microoxidation test and compared with those of synthetic lubricant basestocks and mineral oil. Oxidative evaporations of two selected products in the microoxidation test were similar to mineral oil and less than synthetic lubricant-based oils, polyalphaolefin (PAO(4)) and diisododecyl adipate. Deposits of these products were similar to synthetic lubricant-based oils and less than mineral oil. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 13 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.09.002 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 037NC UT WOS:000237152700011 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH Jenkins, BM Blunk, S AF Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH Jenkins, BM Blunk, S TI Properties of medium-density particleboard from saline Athel wood SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE saline wood; Athel; particleboard; urea formaldehyde; polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate; mechanical properties; water resistance ID CCA-TREATED WOOD; WHEAT-STRAW; COMPOSITES; SERVICE AB The Athel tree, Tamarix aphylla (L), can potentially be used as a biomass crop to help manage saline subsurface drainage water in and land irrigated agriculture. In this study, Athel wood was used to manufacture medium-density particleboard with an aim of developing new applications for the saline wood. The research investigated the effects of different types of adhesives, particle sizes, bark content (BC), resin content (RC), and hot water pretreatment on the mechanical and water resistance properties of the Athel-derived, medium-density particleboards. The measured mechanical properties included tensile strength (TS), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond strength (IB) of the finished particleboards. Water absorption and thickness swell were used to evaluate the water resistance. Polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) resin made particleboard of better mechanical properties and water resistance than urea formaldehyde (UF). The medium size (20-40 mesh) particles gave the best mechanical properties and water resistance than of the particleboard when evaluated against the smaller size (40-60 mesh) and larger size (10-20 mesh) particles. The mechanical properties of particleboard were improved as the resin content of the UF-board increased from 7 to 16%, but deteriorated as the bark content increased from 0 to 16.2%. the particleboard made from the wood particles that had undergone hot water pretreatment had poor mechanical properties and water resistance compared with the particleboard made from the untreated particles. Saline Athel wood is an appropriate material for manufacturing particleboards. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zlpan@ucdavis.edu NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.09.003 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 037NC UT WOS:000237152700012 ER PT J AU Zimowska, GJ Handler, AM AF Zimowska, GJ Handler, AM TI Highly conserved piggyBac elements in noctuid species of Lepidoptera SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE piggyBac; Lepidoptera; Helicoverpa; transposable elements; horizontal transfer ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RECENT HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; FRUIT-FLY; NOCTUOIDEA AB The piggyBac transposable element was originally discovered in a Trichophisia ni cell line and nearly identical elements were subsequently discovered in the tephritid fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. This suggested the existence of piggyBac in additional insects and this study shows highly conserved, though not identical, piggyBac sequences in the noctuid species Heliocoverpa armigera, H. zea, and Spodoptera frugiperda, as well as new piggyBac sequences from the T. ni organismal genome. Genomic piggyBac elements could not be unambiguously identified in several other moth species indicating a discontinuous presence of piggyBac in the Lepicloptera. Most sequences have greater than 95% nucleotide identity to the original IFP2 piggyBac, except for a more diverged sequence in S. frugiperda, having similar to 78% identity. Variants of 1.3 and 0.8 kb sequences found in both H. armigera and H. zea most likely became established by interbreeding, supporting the notion that the species are conspecific. None of the independent piggyBac sequences isolated from T ni larval genomes are identical to IFP2, though all have an uninterrupted reading frame with the potential for encoding a functional transposase. The piggyBac sequences from T ni and the Helicoverpa species, as well as those previously reported from B. dorsalis, all share three common nucleotide substitutions resulting in a single amino acid Substitution in the transposase. This suggests that the original IFP2 piggyBac is a related variant of a predecessor element that became widespread. The existence of conserved piggyBac elements, some of which may have been transmitted horizontally between lepidopteran species, raises important considerations for the stability and practical use of piggyBac transformation vectors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM handler@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 5 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.03.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 045VC UT WOS:000237769600006 PM 16651189 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ AF Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ TI Properties of soluble protein powders from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish protein power; functional properties; pollock; rheological properties ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; WHEY PROTEINS; SOLUBILITY; TRYPSIN AB Soluble protein powders were produced from pollock by-products and evaluated for their functional, nutritional and rheological properties. Soluble protein powders were made from pollock viscera (PVSP), viscera without liver (PVWLSP), heads (PHSP), frames (PFSP), trimmings (PTSP), and liver (PLSP) and had protein contents ranging from 65.0% to 78.9%. Yield of PVWLSP was higher than that of other pollock proteins powder and PTSP had the highest nitrogen solubility value (85.7%). Emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of the pollock protein powders ranged from 29% to 34.5% (mL of oil per 200 mg of protein) and 65.3% to 77.6%, respectively. Highest and lowest fat adsorption values were observed for PFSP (10.6 mL of oil per gram of protein) and PVSP (4.1 mL of oil per gram of protein), respectively. Fish protein powder samples were good sources in K, P, and Mg and amino acids. Emulsions made with pollock soluble protein powders exhibited viscoelastic characteristics. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM sathivel@sfos.uaf.edu NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01101.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 040YU UT WOS:000237420400006 ER PT J AU Lee, S Inglett, GE AF Lee, S Inglett, GE TI Rheological and physical evaluation of jet-cooked oat bran in low calorie cookies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cookie; fat replacer; Nutrim oat bran; rheology ID WHEAT-FLOUR DOUGHS; SQUEEZING FLOW; ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY; EMULSIFYING AGENTS; FAT REPLACERS; PEANUT BUTTER; CHEESE; WATER AB Different levels of shortening in cookies (10%, 20% and 30% by weight) were replaced with 20% jet-cooked oat bran, also called Nutrim oat bran (OB), to prepare cookies with fewer calories. The cookies containing Nutrim OB were investigated in terms of rheological and physical properties and compared with a control. As more shortening was replaced with Nutrim 013, a decrease in the diameter and an increase in the height of cookies were observed. The increased moisture content from Nutrim OB caused a decrease in the dynamic viscoelastic properties of cookie dough. Squeezing flow method showed shear thinning behaviours in all cookie doughs. Also, the elongational viscosity of cookie dough decreased significantly with more replacement of shortening with Nutrim OB. The rheological properties of cookie dough during baking indicated that all of the samples had similar types of viscoelastic characteristics during baking. However, the cookies containing more Nutrim OB exhibited more elastic properties which resulted in a decreased cookie diameter. There was no significant difference in cookie hardness among samples with up to 20% shortening replacement but the cookies became lighter in colour as the Nutrim OB content was increased. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01105.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 040YU UT WOS:000237420400010 ER PT J AU Cowan, L Esteban, E McElroy-Hart, R Kieszak, S Meyer, PA Rosales, C Applegate, M Velez, GM Arias-Ortiz, J Rubin, C AF Cowan, L Esteban, E McElroy-Hart, R Kieszak, S Meyer, PA Rosales, C Applegate, M Velez, GM Arias-Ortiz, J Rubin, C TI Binational study of pediatric blood lead levels along the United States/Mexico border SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE childhood lead poisoning; US/Mexico border; pediatric blood lead levels; Hispanic children; Bi-national study ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; COHORT; MEXICO; CITY; IQ AB To evaluate lead exposure among children living in border communities, the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the United States (US), and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico collaboratively requested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide technical assistance to document pediatric blood lead levels (BLLs) in children living along this part of the US/Mexico border. Two studies were conducted to evaluate BLLs of children aged 1-6 years. In 1998, 1210 children were tested in the Arizona/Sonora study; in 1999, 874 children were tested in New Mexico/Chihuahua. Overall geometric mean BLL was 32.5 mu g/l (95% Confidence Interval 31.5-33.5) with BLLs ranging from below limit of detection to 320.0 mu g/l. Mean BLLs were higher among children living on the Mexican side of the border (43.2 mu g/l) compared to those on the US side (22.3 mu g/l). Mean BLLs ranged from 14.9 to 31.2 mu g/l at the US sites and from 26.9 to 55.2 mu g/l at the Mexican sites. This study used a convenience sample and cannot be considered representative of the general population. Nonetheless, the range of mean BLLs among the sites and especially the higher mean BLLs among children living in the border communities in Mexico suggests different exposures to lead and warrants further attention. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Western Lab, Off Publ Hlth Serv, Food & Safety Inspect Serv, Alameda, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Border Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, New Mexico Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Progr, Santa Fe, NM USA. Secretaria Salud Publ Sonora, Direcc Gen Serv Salud, Oficina Epidemiol, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Secretaria Salud Publ Chihuahua, Oficina Epidemiol, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Rubin, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM crubin@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 209 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.12.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 046RO UT WOS:000237828900003 PM 16459142 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Amorim, H AF Eggleston, G Amorim, H TI Reasons for the chemical destruction of sugars during the processing of sugarcane for raw sugar and fuel alcohol production SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; SUCROSE; LOSSES; TEMPERATURE; MANUFACTURE; FRUCTOSE AB Sugar losses have been a major concern of many sugar industries around the world for decades and have recently become a focus in improved process efficiency attempts in countries that did not previously focus on them, for example, Brazil. Emphasis has usually been on minimizing sucrose losses but, with more processing of sugarcane for fuel alcohol production, there is an increasing emphasis on also minimizing the losses of the fermentable sugars glucose and fructose (invert) to improve alcohol yields. Sucrose is most stable similar to pH 8.3, whereas glucose and fructose are most stable under severe acid conditions pH 3-4, thus balancing the minimization of both sucrose and invert sugars serves as a real challenge to sugar technologists. Sucrose under sugarcane processing conditions is often susceptible to acid hydrolysis or inversion reactions. It is well known that sucrose acid hydrolysis is affected by factory operational pH, temperature, degrees Brix, and retention time conditions, but it is less known that invert sugars themselves and salts can catalyze and accelerate sucrose hydrolysis. The effects of invert sugars and salts are becoming an increasingly greater problem with the increasing worldwide change to green (unburnt) sugarcane from burnt sugarcane, because the greater deliveries of green trash, i.e., leaves and tops, to factories has meant delivery of higher amounts of invert sugars and salts. This paper reviews the reasons for the chemical destruction of sucrose, glucose, and fructose during the processing of sugarcane for the production of raw sugar and fuel alcohol. Industrial examples are highlighted as well as discussions on how to measure, minimize, and control chemical losses. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Fermentec Ltd, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1289 BP 271 EP + PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 043MW UT WOS:000237606200010 ER PT J AU Wanjura, DF Upchurch, DR Mahan, JR AF Wanjura, DF Upchurch, DR Mahan, JR TI Behavior of temperature-based water stress indicators in BIOTIC-controlled irrigation SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; INDEX; COTTON; CORN AB A subsurface drip irrigation study with cotton used canopy temperature to determine signals for irrigation control during 2002-2004. Timing of irrigation applications was controlled by the biologically identified optimal temperature interactive console (BIOTIC) protocol, which used stress time (ST) and a crop-specific optimum temperature to indicate water stress. ST was the cumulative daily time quantity when cotton canopy temperature exceeded 28 degrees C. STs between 5.5 and 8.5 h in 1 h increments were irrigation signal criteria, which produced different irrigation regimes. This investigation examined the association among ST, daily average canopy temperature (T (c)), canopy and air temperature difference (T (c)-T (a)), and the relative crop water stress index (RCWSI) including their relationship with lint yield. Number of irrigation signals decreased linearly with ST at the rate of -10.2 and -8.7 irrigations per 1 h increase of ST in 2003 and 2004. There were significant curvilinear relationships between ST and the average daily stress on days with irrigation signals and for days without irrigation signals across years. The percentage of positive daily (T (c)-T (a)) values increased with ST level. ST and T (c) were positively related in all irrigation signal treatments with 5.5 and 6.5 h being significant in 2003 and 2004. Yield declined at the rate of 343 kg lint/ha for each 1 h increase of ST for days with irrigation signals. ST, mathematically the most simple of the canopy temperature-based parameters, provided the most consistent estimate of crop water stress and correlation with lint yield. The power of ST to characterize water stress effects on crop productivity evolves from being an integrated value of time while canopy temperature exceeds a physiologically based threshold value. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Wanjura, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM dwanjura@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0021-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036QS UT WOS:000237090500002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Dugo, MP Moran, MS Mateos, L Bryant, R AF Gonzalez-Dugo, MP Moran, MS Mateos, L Bryant, R TI Canopy temperature variability as an indicator of crop water stress severity SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; VEGETATION INDEX; CORN; CALIBRATION; EVAPORATION; IRRIGATION; SURFACE AB Irrigation scheduling requires an operational means to quantify plant water stress. Remote sensing may offer quick measurements with regional coverage that cannot be achieved by current ground-based sampling techniques. This study explored the relation between variability in fine-resolution measurements of canopy temperature and crop water stress in cotton fields in Central Arizona, USA. By using both measurements and simulation models, this analysis compared the standard deviation of the canopy temperature and crop water stress in cotton fields in Central Arizona, USA. By using both measurements and simulation models, this analysis compared the standard deviation of the canopy temperature (sigma(Tc)) to the more complex and data intensive crop water stress index (CWSI). For low water stress, field sigma(Tc) was used to quantify water deficit with some confidence. For moderately stressed crops, the sigma(Tc) was very sensitive to variations in plant water stress and had a linear relation with field-scale CWSI. For highly stressed crops, the estimation of water stress from sigma(Tc) is not recommended. For all applications of sigma(Tc); one must account for variations in irrigation uniformity field root zone water holding capacity, meteorological conditions and spatial resolution of T-c data. These sensitivities limit the operational application of sigma(Tc) for irrigation scheduling. On the other hand, sigma(Tc) was most sensitive to water stress in the range in which most irrigation decisions are made, thus, with some consideration of daily meteorological conditions, sigma(Tc) could provide a relative measure of temporal variations in root zone water availability. For large irrigation districts, this may be an economical option for minimizing water use and maximizing crop yield. C1 IFAPA, CIFA Alameda Obispo, Cordoba 14080, Spain. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP IFAPA, CIFA Alameda Obispo, Apdo 3092, Cordoba 14080, Spain. EM mariap.gonzalez.ext@juntadeandalucia.es RI Mateos, Luciano/B-2309-2013; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./J-4157-2012 OI Mateos, Luciano/0000-0002-3046-6448; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./0000-0003-0423-8246 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0022-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 036QS UT WOS:000237090500003 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, A TI Leonor Michaelis and music: Transcript of a conversation with Kunio Yagi in 1986 SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab,Off 622, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab,Off 622, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5-6 BP 378 EP 378 DI 10.1080/15216540600702230 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 050SF UT WOS:000238107700032 PM 16754335 ER PT J AU Poulos, SP Hausman, GJ AF Poulos, SP Hausman, GJ TI A comparison of thiazolidinedione-induced adipogenesis and myogenesis in stromal-vascular cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue or semitendinosus muscle of postnatal pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; cell culture; cell differentiation; fat cell; skeletal muscle; transcription factor ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOCYTE CELLULARITY; C/EBP-ALPHA; PPAR-GAMMA; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; PREADIPOCYTES; CULTURES; BINDING AB This study compared the adipogenic potential of porcine stromal-vascular (S-V) cells from semitendinosus muscles and s.c. adipose tissue using thiazolidinediones. Stromal-vascular cells were obtained from s.c. adipose tissue and both semitendmosus muscles from 5- to 7-d-old pigs after collagenase digestion. Preadipocyte recruitment was measured using immunohistological evaluation for AD-3, a preadipocyte antibody. Ciglitazone increased the number of preadipocytes in adipose tissue but not semitendinosus muscle S-V cell cultures, whereas 1.0 mu M troglitazone increased preadipocyte abundance in both adipose and muscle SV cultures by approximately 3-fold (P < 0.05). Increasing troglitazone doses did not further increase preadipocyte number. Increases in preadipocytes were paralleled by increases in CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a (C/EBP alpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) positive cells in adipose tissue S-V cultures, whereas PPAR gamma-reactive but not C/EBP alpha-reactive cells were increased in muscle S-V cultures treated with 10 mu M troglitazone. Additionally, troglitazone treatment did not increase lipid content in s.c. adipose tissue or muscle S-V cell cultures. Cells plated on laminin-precoated culture dishes were used to determine whether troglitazone influenced adipogenesis or myogenesis in cocultures from muscle S-V cells. There was no effect on the number of myotubes or the average number of nuclei per myotube, suggesting myogenesis was not impaired by troglitazone treatment. These results suggest that regulation of intramuscular adipogenesis differs from that of subcutaneous adipogenesis. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ghausman@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1082 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 035NE UT WOS:000237007200004 PM 16612009 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Berg, EL Strauch, TA Roberts, MP Kattesh, HG AF Carroll, JA Berg, EL Strauch, TA Roberts, MP Kattesh, HG TI Hormonal profiles, behavioral responses, and short-term growth performance after castration of pigs at three, six, nine, or twelve days of age SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; castration; cortisol; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; growth; pig ID FREE CORTISOL INDEX; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; YOUNG-PIGS; PIGLETS; BIRTH; PAIN AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of castration on short-term growth performance, hormone profiles, and behavior in pigs at 3, 6, 9, or 12 d of age. Ninety intact male pigs were assigned randomly to a treatment age by litter [3, 6, 9, or 12 d of age; n = 9 to 13 pigs per treatment (age) group]. Pigs within a single litter were then assigned to noncastrated (NC) or castrated (CAS) treatment groups according to BW. Pigs were nonsurgically fitted with jugular catheters, and blood samples were drawn immediately before castration (0 h) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 24, and 48 h after castration. Body weights were obtained when pigs were catheterized and again at 24 and 48 h after castration. Serum samples were analyzed for cortisol, porcine corticosteroid-binding globulin, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). No differences were detected in initial BW of pigs, and there was no overall treatment effect on growth performance of pigs at 24 or 48 h posttreatment. A time x treatment interaction was detected (P < 0.01) for serum cortisol concentrations, such that cortisol was greater in CAS pigs than in NC pigs. No overall effect of age at castration was observed on cortisol concentrations. At 24 h after castration, serum cortisol concentrations returned to baseline in all treatment groups; however, at 48 h after castration, overall cortisol concentrations were elevated (P < 0.01) in the 6-, 9-, and 12-d-old pigs in both the CAS and NC groups compared with baseline concentrations. Total cortisol and porcine corticosteroid-binding globulin were used to calculate the free cortisol index (FCI). A time x treatment interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for FCI, such that FCI was greater in CAS males than in NC males. The FCI was also affected by age (P < 0.01). There was a time x treatment x age interaction (P < 0.01) for serum DHEA-S, such that DHEA-S concentrations decreased in CAS animals but increased in NC animals, and DHEA-S concentrations increased with age. During the first 2 h after castration, there was an overall age effect (P = 0.01) on the time that pigs spent standing, such that 3-d-old pigs stood more than 6-, 9-, or 12-d-old pigs. Treatment did not influence the time that pigs spent nursing, lying, standing, or sitting, although there was a trend (P = 0.08) for CAS pigs to be less active than NC pigs. These data indicate that castration is stressful regardless of age; however, the stress associated with handling seems to increase as pigs age. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jacarroll@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1278 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 035NE UT WOS:000237007200027 PM 16612032 ER PT J AU Chen, P AF Chen, P TI Development and validation of a high-throughput based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption and mass spectrometry detection method for quantitation of cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea aerial-based dietary supplements SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID HPLC METHOD; ALKAMIDES; PRODUCTS AB A new, rapid, and reproducible reversed-phased liquid chromatography (LC) method with ultraviolet (UV) absorption and/or mass spectrometry (MS) detection has been developed and validated for quantitation of cichoric acid, a major constituent of Echinacea spp. The method involves the use of a short Phenomenex Hydro-RP C18 column (4 mu m, 50 mm x 3.0 mm id) and a simple isocratic mobile phase profile. Both UV (diode array detector) and selective-ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z 472.8 were used for quantitation of cichoric acid. The limit of detection was 0.75 ng for UV and 0.15 ng for MS-SIM, and the limit of quantitation was is 2.5 ng for UV and 0.5 ng for MS-SIM. Water-methanol (1 + 1) soluble extracts of 6 commercially available Echinacea purpurea aerial parts-based dietary supplements (EPADS). EPADS were first profiled using a traditional HPLC-UV method. Their UV chromatograms were compared, and cichoric acid was identified to be a key biomarker for EPADS. Then the samples were analyzed by the fast LC-UV/MS method. The turnaround time for a single analysis was 3 min, compared to 15 to 60 min needed for traditional reported LC methods. The high-throughput method was able to separate the cichoric acid peak from peaks of other components in extracts of complex matrixes of EPADS. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenp@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 612 EP 618 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 048XP UT WOS:000237980100004 PM 16792059 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Peterson, SC Grant, LA Rayas-Duarte, P AF Mohamed, A Peterson, SC Grant, LA Rayas-Duarte, P TI Effect of jet-cooked wheat gluten/lecithin blends on maize and rice starch retrogradation SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE jet cooked; lecithin; maize starch; rice starch; retrogradation; gel firmness ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; FREEZE-THAW STABILITY; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; AMARANTH STARCH; POTATO STARCH; GELATINIZATION; SUGARS; GELS; AMYLOPECTIN; STORAGE AB Vital wheat gluten and lecithin (GL) (50:50, w/w) were dry blended in a coffee grinder and a 9.5% (w/v) aqueous slurry was jet-cooked (steam pressures of 65 psi/g inlet and 40 psi/g outlet) to disaggregate wheat gluten and facilitate better dispersion of the two components. The jet-cooked material was freeze-dried and stored at 0 degrees C for future use. The GL blend was added to pure food grade common maize and rice starch at concentrations of 0 (control), 6, 11, 16, and 21%. Starch gelatinization and retrogradation temperature transitions were determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). From the DSC profiles, the change in the Delta H value was used as an indication of starch retrogradation, where a higher Delta H value indicated higher retrogradation. The Delta H values of the blends at 4 degrees C had higher values than the - 20 degrees C and the ambient (25 degrees C) storage temperatures. Overall, the 21% GL/starch blends reduced retrogradation by 50%. The lower amylose content of rice starch relative to maize starch was reflected in Rapid Visco Amylograph (RVA) measurements of peak viscosity, and similarly, Texture Analyzer (TA) measurements indicated that maize starch gel is firmer than rice starch gel. Retrogradation was also evaluated by observing G', the shear storage modulus, as a function of time after running a standard pasting curve. Using this method, it appears that GL has a significant effect on maize starch retrogradation, since low concentrations (< 0.4%, w/w) reduced G' up to 40%. The opposite behavior was seen in rice starch, where G' increased directly with added GL. It appears that the amylose level in the rice starch is too low to be affected by the GL, and the increase seen in G' is most likely due to added solids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, FARC, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.12.012 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 043PG UT WOS:000237612900004 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Lopez, JD Dowd, MK Puckhaber, LS Duke, SE AF Stipanovic, RD Lopez, JD Dowd, MK Puckhaber, LS Duke, SE TI Effect of racemic and (+)- and (-)-gossypol on the survival and development of Helicoverpa zea larvae SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bollworm; cottonseed; Gossypium hirsutum; (+)-gossypol; (-)-gossypol; host defense; Helicoverpa zea; cotton ID GOSSYPOL ENANTIOMERS; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; GLANDLESS COTTONS; CELL-LINES; GROWTH; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; TOXICITY; INSECTS AB Gossypol is a sesquiterpene that occurs naturally in seed and other parts of the cotton plant. Because of restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond, it occurs naturally as enantiomeric mixtures with (+)-gossypol to (-)-gossypol ratios that vary between 97:3 and 31:69. Commercial cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) normally exhibit an approximate 3:2 ratio. (+)-Gossypol is significantly less toxic than (-)-gossypol to nonruminant animals; thus, cottonseed containing high levels of (+)-gossypol might be safely fed to nonruminants. Gossypol, however, is an important component in the cotton plant's defense against insect herbivores, but it is not known how cotton plants that exhibit high levels of (+)-gossypol in the foliage might be affected by insect herbivory. To address this question, 1-d-old Helicoverpa zea larvae were fed diets with 0.16, 0.20, and 0.24% racemic, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol. Larval pupal weights, days-to-pupation, and survival were adversely affected by all gossypol diets compared with the control diet. Statistical differences were determined by comparing the compounds among themselves at the three levels and between the three compounds at the same level. When the compounds were compared among themselves, no large differences were observed in pupal weights or in days-to-pupation among any of the diets. Among the three compounds, at the 0.16% level, the diet containing racemic gossypol was the most effective at reducing survival. At the 0.20 and 0.24% levels of racemic (+)- and (-)-gossypol, survival was not statistically different. The overall results indicate that (+)-gossypol is as inhibitory to H. zea larvae as racemic or (-)-gossypol, and thus, cotton plants containing predominantly the (+)-enantiomer in foliage may maintain significant defense against insect herbivory. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 29 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 959 EP 968 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9052-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 049KD UT WOS:000238014100005 PM 16739016 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Buxton, D Wouda, W AF Dubey, J. P. Buxton, D. Wouda, W. TI Pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cattle; Neospora caninum; neosporosis parasitic disease; review article ID CANINUM-ASSOCIATED ABORTION; IN-VITRO ISOLATION; NATURALLY INFECTED-DOG; POINT-SOURCE EXPOSURE; DAIRY-CATTLE HERD; IGG AVIDITY ELISA; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RISK-FACTORS AB The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is a major pathogen of cattle and dogs, being a significant cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. It is one of the most efficiently transmitted parasites, with up to 90% of cattle infected in some herds. The pathogenesis of abortion due to Neospora is complex and only partially understood. Losses occur after a primary infection during pregnancy but more commonly as the result of recrudescence of a persistent infection during pregnancy. Parasitaemia is followed by invasion of the placenta and fetus. It is suggested that abortion occurs when primary parasite-induced placental damage jeopardises fetal survival directly or causes release of maternal prostaglandins that in turn cause luteolysis and abortion. Fetal damage may also occur due to primary tissue damage caused by the multiplication of caninum in the fetus or due to insufficient oxygen/nutrition, secondary to placental damage. In addition, maternal immune expulsion of the fetus may occur associated with maternal placental inflammation and the release of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines in the placenta. Thus N caninum is a primary pathogen capable of causing abortion either through maternal placental inflammation, maternal and fetal placental necrosis, fetal damage,, or a combination of all three. The question of how N caninum kills the fetus exposes the complex and finely balanced biological processes that have evolved to permit bovine and other mammalian pregnancies to occur. Defining these immunological mechanisms will shed light on potential methods of control of bovine neosporosis and enrich our understanding of the continuity of mammalian and protozoal survival. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Moredun Res Inst, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Anim Hlth Serv Ltd, NL-7400 AA Deventer, Netherlands. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 186 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 EI 1532-3129 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 267 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.11.004 PG 23 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 057NN UT WOS:000238602600001 PM 16712863 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD AF Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD TI Effects of length of dry period on yields of milk fat and protein, fertility and milk somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation of dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE days dry; yield traits; fertility; somatic cell score ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; FEED-INTAKE; HOLSTEINS; BOVINE AB The objective was to utilize data from modern US dairy cattle to determine the effect of days dry on fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentages, days open, and somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation. Field data collected through the dairy herd improvement association from January 1997 to December 2003 and extracted from the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory national database were used for analysis. Actual lactation records calculated from test-day yields using the test-interval method were used in this study. The model for analyses included herd-year of calving, year-state-month of calving, previous lactation record, age, at calving, and days dry as a categorical variable. Fat and protein yield was maximized in the subsequent lactation with a 60-d dry period. Dry periods of 20 d or less resulted in substantial losses in fat and protein yield in the subsequent lactation. In contrast to yields, a short dry period was beneficial for fat and protein percentages. Short dry periods also resulted in fewer days open in the subsequent lactation; however, this was entirely due to the lower milk yield associated with shortened dry period. When adjusted for milk yield, short dry periods actually resulted in poorer fertility in the subsequent lactation. Long days dry improved somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation. Herds with mastitis problems should be cautious in shortening days dry because short dry periods led to higher cell scores in the subsequent lactation compared with 60-d dry. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhn, MT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mkuhn@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1017/S0022029905001597 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 050ZN UT WOS:000238129900004 PM 16476176 ER PT J AU Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA AF Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA TI Effect of amount and ruminal degradability of soybean meal protein on performance of lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dietary crude protein; soybean protein; nitrogen metabolism; nitrogen excretion ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; ALFALFA SILAGE; PURINE DERIVATIVES; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CRUDE PROTEIN; CARBOHYDRATE; SUPPLEMENTS; EXCRETION; CORN; METABOLISM AB Twenty-eight Holstein cows (4 with ruminal cannulas) were blocked by days in milk into 7 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 7 balanced 4 x 4 Latin square diet sequences. The diets contained [ dry matter (DM) basis] 20% alfalfa silage, 35% corn silage, and 45% concentrate mainly from high-moisture corn and soybean meal. Diets differed in crude protein (CP) content and source of protein supplement: diet A) 15.6% CP, 3.7% solvent-extracted soybean meal (SSBM), 4.5% expeller soybean meal (ESBM); diet B) 16.6% CP, 9.6% SSBM, 0% ESBM; diet C) 16.6% CP, 4.6% SSBM, 5.9% ESBM; and diet D) 17.6% CP, 11.7% SSBM, 0% ESBM. Each experimental period consisted of 14 d for adaptation plus 14 d for collection of production data. Sampling of ruminal digesta and spot sampling of blood, feces, and urine was done on d 26 and 27 of each period. Planned contrasts compared included diet A vs. diet B, diet B vs. diet C, and diet B vs. diet D. There were no effects of diet on most of the production traits measured. However, milk yield tended to be higher for diet B vs. A. Trends were also detected for higher DM intake and weight gain and lower milk yield/ DM intake in cows fed diet D vs. diet B. Milk lactose content was higher on diets A and C than on B. Ruminal NH3 was higher on diet D vs. B, but other ruminal metabolites, apparent nutrient digestibility, and estimated bacterial CP synthesis did not differ across diets. Blood and milk ureaN were higher on diets C and D than on B; milk ureaN was higher on diet B than on A. Increasing dietary CP from 16.6% ( diet B) to 17.6% ( diet D) increased urinary N excretion by 54 g/ d and reduced apparent N efficiency ( milk N/N intake) by 2.5 percentage units, without altering yield. Under the conditions of this trial, milk production was not improved by feeding rumen-undegraded protein from ESBM or greater amounts of rumen-degraded protein from SSBM. Feeding more than 16.6% CP depressed N efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1635 EP 1643 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 031EK UT WOS:000236686700027 PM 16606733 ER PT J AU Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA AF Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA TI Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on ruminal nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dietary crude protein; bacterial protein formation; omasal N flow ID MICROBIAL PROTEIN; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; ALFALFA SILAGE; DIGESTA-FLOW; MARKERS; RUMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEGRADABILITY; CATTLE AB Ten lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas that were part of a larger feeding trial were blocked by days in milk into 2 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 incomplete 5 x 5 Latin squares. Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, and 50% concentrate. Rolled high-moisture shelled corn was replaced with solvent-extracted soybean meal to increase crude protein (CP) from 13.5% to 15.0, 16.5, 17.9, and 19.4% of DM. Each of the 4 experimental periods lasted 28 d with data and sample collection performed during the last 8 d. Digesta samples were collected from the omasum to quantify the ruminal outflow of different N fractions. Intake of DM was not affected but showed a quadratic trend with maxima of 23.9 kg/d at 16.5% CP. Ruminal outflow of total bacterial nonammonia N (NAN) was not different among diets but a significant linear effect of dietary CP was detected for this variable. Bacterial efficiency (g of total bacterial NAN flow/kg of organic matter truly digested in the rumen) and omasal flows of dietary NAN and total NAN also showed positive linear responses to dietary CP. Total NAN flow increased from 574 g/d at 13.5% CP to 688 g/d at 16.5% CP but did not increase further with the feeding of more CP. Under the conditions of this study, 16.5% of dietary CP appeared to be sufficient for maximal ruminal outflow of total bacterial NAN and total NAN. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1694 EP 1703 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 031EK UT WOS:000236686700034 PM 16606740 ER PT J AU Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA AF Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA TI Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dietary crude protein; milk production; nitrogen utilization ID ALFALFA SILAGE; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; RUMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEGRADABILITY; FERMENTATION; DERIVATIVES; AMMONIA; CATTLE; LEVEL AB Forty lactating Holstein cows, including 10 with ruminal cannulas, were blocked by days in milk into 8 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 8 incomplete 5 x 5 Latin squares to assess the effects of 5 levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on milk production and N use. Diets contained 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, and 50% concentrate, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Rolled high-moisture shelled corn was replaced with solvent-extracted soybean meal to increase CP from 13.5 to 15.0, 16.5, 17.9, and 19.4% of DM. Each of the 4 experimental periods lasted 28 d, with 14 d for adaptation and 14 d for data collection. Spot sampling of ruminal digesta, blood, urine, and feces was conducted on d 21 of each period. Intake of DM was not affected by diet but milk fat content as well as ruminal acetate, NH3, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids, urinary allantoin, and blood and milk urea all increased linearly with increasing CP. Milk and protein yield showed trends for quadratic responses to dietary CP and were, respectively, 38.3 and 1.18 kg/d at 16.5% CP. As a proportion of N intake, urinary N excretion increased from 23.8 to 36.2%, whereas N secreted in milk decreased from 36.5 to 25.4%, as dietary protein increased from 13.5 to 19.4%. Under the conditions of this study, yield of milk and protein were not increased by feeding more than 16.5% CP. The linear increase in urinary N excretion resulted from a sharp decline in N efficiency as dietary CP content increased. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 36 TC 131 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1704 EP 1712 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 031EK UT WOS:000236686700035 PM 16606741 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD AF Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD TI Dry period length to maximize production across adjacent Lactations and lifetime production SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE days dry; lifetime production ID MILK-PRODUCTION; DAIRY-COWS; CONSECUTIVE LACTATIONS; SUBSEQUENT LACTATION; FEED-INTAKE; YIELD; HOLSTEINS; BOVINE AB The primary objectives of this research were to determine the dry period lengths that maximize production across adjacent lactations and also dry period length that maximizes lifetime yield. Effect of days dry ( DD) after lactations 1 through 3 were determined separately for both adjacent lactation sums and lifetime yield. Field data, collected through the Dairy Herd Improvement Association, on US Holstein cows first calving between January 1997 and January 2004 were utilized. Lifetime records were restricted to cows first calving no later than December 1999. Actual lactation yields, in contrast to standardized records, were used to calculate lactation sums and lifetime records. Herds were required to be on test for the entire period to avoid partial records. Another important edit was that actual calving dates had to agree with expected calving dates, based on reported days open, within 10 d. This edit ensured that the producer knew, at least at one point in time, when the cow was going to calve. Cow effects were corrected for in both the adjacent lactation and lifetime analyses. The minimum DD to maximize production across adjacent lactations depended on parity. For yield across first and second lactations, there was little loss in production with a minimum of 40 to 45 DD. Longer dry periods ( 55 to 65 DD) were required after second and third lactations however, presumably due to the lower persistency of second and later lactation cows. Lifetime production was maximized by 40 to 50 DD after first lactation and 30 to 40 DD after second and later lactations. Fewer DD were required to maximize lifetime yield than adjacent lactation yield because cows with fewer DD also had more lifetime days in milk. Although dry periods of 30 to 40 d can be used after second and later lactations without cost in lifetime yield, their benefit to lifetime production is minimal. Dry periods shorter than 30 d or longer than 70 d are costly to lifetime yield and should be avoided. Dry periods longer than 80 d are even more costly than dry periods less than 30 d. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Program Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhn, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Program Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mkuhn@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1713 EP 1722 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 031EK UT WOS:000236686700036 PM 16606742 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Tadassa, YE Pachepsky, Y AF Bradford, Scott A. Tadassa, Yadata E. Pachepsky, Yakov TI Transport of Giardia and manure suspensions in saturated porous media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; SAND COLUMNS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORGANIC-MATTER; IONIC-STRENGTH; OOCYSTS; COLLOIDS; ATTACHMENT; FILTRATION; DEPOSITION AB Experiments were conducted to elucidate the transport behavior of cysts of Giardia and manure suspensions through several aquifer sands. Decreasing the median grain size of the sand resulted in lower peak effluent concentrations and increased deposition of the Giardia and manure particles in the sand near the column inlet. The effluent concentration curves for the manure suspensions also exhibited asymmetric shapes that tended to include larger particle sizes as the manure suspension was continuously added. Simulations of the transport of Giardia and manure particles using a simple and flexible power law model for the solid-water mass exchange term provided a satisfactory description of the effluent and spatial distribution data. The cumulative size distribution (CSD) of manure particles in the suspension initially and after passage through the packed columns was used to identify the mechanisms that were controlling the deposition of manure particles and Giardia. The CSD data indicated that manure particles were completely removed at early times by mechanical filtration and/or straining when the ratio of the particle to the median grain diameter was greater than 0.003 to 0.017. However, the CSD changed with increasing time due to deposition-induced filling of straining sites. The Giardia transport was controlled by straining. For a given sand, higher effluent concentrations of Giardia were observed in the presence than in the absence of manure suspension. The relative increase of Giardia in the effluent concentrations varied from 75 to 172%. Hence, pathogen transport studies conducted in the absence of manure suspension may underestimate transport potential in manure-contaminated environments. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 749 EP 757 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0226 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700008 PM 16585617 ER PT J AU Devall, MS Thien, LB Ellgaard, E Flowers, G AF Devall, MS Thien, LB Ellgaard, E Flowers, G TI Lead transport into Bayou Trepagnier wetlands in Louisiana, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TREE-RINGS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; POLLUTION; XYLEM; DEPOSITION; ISOTOPES AB Establishment of a petroleum refinery in 1916 near the headwaters of Bayou Trepagnier with subsequent dredging of the bayou resulted in spoil banks containing high levels of Pb. A large swamp abuts the eastern bank of the bayou. Cores were taken from 15 baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard] trees growing in the swamp along a 610-m transect (nine trees) and a 183-m transect (six trees) running perpendicular from the spoil bank. The cores were crossdated, annual rings were measured, and 5-yr segments of the cores were prepared and analyzed for heavy metals. Soil samples were collected along one transect and analyzed for metals. Levels of Pb in Bayou Trepagnier swamp trees were compared to levels in nine baldcypress trees growing along Stinking Bayou, a reference area. During the last 100 yr, Pb in growth rings of swamp baldcypress trees averaged 8.6 mg/kg (SD 4.88) along one transect and 7.9 mg/kg (SD 5.39) along the other. Lead in the soil along the first transect dropped from > 2700 mg/kg (spoil bank) to 10 mg/kg at 420 m into the swamp. Baldcypress trees growing near the refinery on the spoil bank along Bayou Trepagnier (covered in an earlier study) averaged 4.5 mg/kg pb, and trees along Stinking Bayou averaged 2.1 mg/kg. Trees in the swamp soil with 10 to 425 mg/kg Pb concentrated much more Pb than trees growing on the heavily polluted bank. Greater uptake of Pb by trees in the swamp is discussed in terms of soil dynamics and Pb sources. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Harwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Tulane Univ, Cell & Mol Biol Dept, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Geol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Devall, MS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Harwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mdevall@fs.fed.us RI Flowers, George/G-9149-2012 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 758 EP 765 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0217 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700009 PM 16585618 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Westermann, DT Aase, JK Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS AF Bjorneberg, DL Westermann, DT Aase, JK Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS TI Sediment and phosphorus transport in irrigation furrows SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; RELEASE; LOSSES; EUTROPHICATION; RAINFALL; EROSION; WATERS; DEPTH AB Sediment and phosphorus (P) in agricultural runoff can impair water quality in streams, lakes, and rivers. We studied the factors affecting P transfer and transport in irrigated furrows in six freshly tilled fallow fields, 110 to 180 in long with 0.007 to 0.012 in m(-1) slopes without the interference of raindrops or sheet flow that occur during natural or simulated rain. The soil on all fields was Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Flow rate, sediment concentration, and P concentrations were monitored at four, equally spaced locations in each furrow. Flow rate decreased with distance down the furrow as water infiltrated. Sediment concentration varied with distance and time with no set pattern. Total P concentrations related directly to sediment concentrations (r(2) = 0.75) because typically > 90% of the transported P was particulate P, emphasizing the need to control erosion to reduce P loss. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations decreased with time at a specific furrow site but increased with distance down the furrow as contact time with soil and suspended sediment increased. The DRP concentration correlated better with sediment concentration than extractable furrow soil P concentration. However, suspended sediment concentration tended to not affect DRP concentration later in the irrigation (> 2 h). These results indicate that the effects of soil P can be overshadowed by differences in flow hydraulics, suspended sediment loads, and non-equilibrium conditions. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM bdavid@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 786 EP 794 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0116 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700012 PM 16585621 ER PT J AU Greenan, CM Moorman, TB Kaspar, TC Parkin, TB Jaynes, DB AF Greenan, CM Moorman, TB Kaspar, TC Parkin, TB Jaynes, DB TI Comparing carbon substrates for denitrification of subsurface drainage water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE REMOVAL; GROUNDWATER; SAWDUST; QUALITY; SOILS AB Nitrate in water from tile drained corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] fields in the U.S. Midwest contributes to nitrate contamination of surface waters. Denitrification-based biofilters are a promising strategy for reducing nitrate concentrations, but these systems require an external carbon supply to sustain denitrification. The ability of four organic materials to serve as carbon substrates for denitrification biofilters was evaluated in this laboratory study. Wood chips, wood chips amended with soybean oil, cornstalks, and cardboard fibers were mixed with subsoil (oxidized till) and incubated anaerobically for 180 d. Periodically, (NO3)-N-15-N was added to maintain nitrate N concentrations between 10 and 100 mg L-1. All of the materials stimulated NO3-N removal and the degree of removal from highest to lowest was: cornstalks, cardboard fibers, wood chips with oil, and wood chips alone. Analysis of N-15 showed that immobilization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium accounted for < 4% of NO3-N removal in all treatments, therefore denitrification was the dominant NO3-N removal process. Cardboard fibers, wood chips and oil, and wood chips alone did not support as much denitrification as cornstalks, but their rates of NO3-N removal were steady and would probably continue longer than cornstalks. The addition of soybean oil to wood chips significantly increased denitrification over wood chips alone. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM moorman@nstl.gov NR 25 TC 97 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 824 EP 829 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0247 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700016 PM 16585625 ER PT J AU Friend, AL Roberts, SD Schoenholtz, SH Mobley, JA Gerard, PD AF Friend, AL Roberts, SD Schoenholtz, SH Mobley, JA Gerard, PD TI Poultry litter application to loblolly pine forests: Growth and nutrient containment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; RUNOFF; PLANTATION; MANAGEMENT; PHYSIOLOGY AB Forestland application of poultry manure offers an alternative to the conventional practice of pastureland application. Before such a practice is considered viable, however, it must be demonstrated that the forest ecosystem is capable of absorbing the nutrients contained in poultry manure, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). From the forestry perspective, it must also be demonstrated that tree growth is not diminished. We investigated these questions using loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands growing in central Mississippi in an area of high poultry production. Stockpiled broiler litter was applied to newly thinned, 8-yr-old stands at 0, 4.6, and 18.6 dry Mg ha(-1), supplying 0, 200, and 800 kg N ha(-1) and 0, 92, and 370 kg P ha(-1), respectively. Levels of nitrate in soil water, monitored at a 50-cm depth with porous cup tension lysimeters, exceeded 10 mg N L-1 during the first two years after application in the 18.6 Mg ha(-1) rate but only on two occasions in the first year for the lower rate of application. Phosphate was largely absent from lysimeter water in all treatments. Other macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, S) were elevated in lysimeter water in proportion to litter application rates. Soil extractable nitrate showed similar trends to lysimeter water, with substantial elevation during the first year following application for the 18.6 Mg ha(-1) rate. Mehlich III-extractable phosphate peaked in excess of 100 mu g P g(-1) soil during the third year of the study for the 18.6 Mg ha(-1) rate. The 4.6 Mg ha-1 rate did not affect extractable soil P. Tree growth was increased by the poultry litter. Total stem cross-sectional area, or basal area, was approximately 20% greater after 2 yr for both rates of litter application. Overall, the nutrients supplied by the 4.6 Mg ha(-1) rate were contained by the pine forest and resulted in favorable increases in tree growth. The higher rate, by contrast, did pose some risk to water quality through the mobilization of nitrate. These results show that, under the conditions of this study, application of poultry litter at moderate rates of approximately 5 Mg ha-1 to young stands of loblolly pine offers an alternative disposal option with minimal impacts to water quality and potential increases in tree growth. C1 USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Friend, AL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM afriend@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 837 EP 848 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0244 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700018 PM 16585627 ER PT J AU Haney, EB Haney, RL Hossner, LR White, GN AF Haney, EB Haney, RL Hossner, LR White, GN TI Neutralization potential determination of siderite (FeCO3) using selected oxidants SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OVERBURDEN; PRODUCTS; CARBON AB Siderite (FeCO3) is commonly found in coal overburden and, when present, can cause interference in the determination of neutralization potential (NP). Under acidic testing conditions, FeCO3 reacts to neutralize acid, which. contributes to the NP. However, continued weathering of FeCO3 (oxidation of Fe2+ and hydrolysis of Fe3+) produces a neutral to slightly acidic solution. The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and O-2 on the laboratory measurement of NP of siderite samples taken from overburden were examined. All oxidation treatments lowered the NP values of the siderite samples as compared with the standard USEPA method. However, oxidation with H2O2 produced variable results depending on the amount of H2O2 added. Neutralization potential values obtained after oxidation treatments were highly correlated with Mn concentration. Reaction products (i.e., 2-line ferrihydrite) of siderite samples with H2O2 and KMnO4 were not representative of natural siderite weathering. Oxidation with O-2 produced the lowest NP values for siderite samples. The reaction products produced by oxidation with O-2 most closely represent those intermediate products formed when siderite is exposed to atmospheric weathering conditions. Oxidation with O-2 also proved to be the most reproducible method for accurately assessing NP when siderite is present in overburden samples. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Railroad Commiss Texas, Surface Min & Reclamat Div, Austin, TX 78711 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP White, GN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, MS 2474, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gn-white@tamu.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 871 EP 879 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0187 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700022 PM 16641324 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Aiken, G AF Brauer, D Aiken, G TI Effects of a waste paper product on soil phosphorus, carbon, and bulk density SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF AB Applications of manures to agricultural fields have increased soil test values for P to high levels in parts of the USA and thus increased the likelihood that P will be transported to surface water and degrade its quality. Waste paper applications to soils with high STP (soil test P) may decrease the risk of P transport to surface water by decreasing DRP (dissolved reactive P) by the formation of insoluble Al-P complexes and providing organic matter to improve infiltration. A field experiment was conducted near Booneville, AR (USA) to assess the effects of different rates of a waste paper product addition on STP, soil bulk density, and total soil C with a soil with approximately 45 mg Bray1-P kg(-1) soil (dry weight). A Leadvale silt loam soil (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Fragiudult) was amended with 0, 22, 44, or 88 Mg waste paper product ha(-1) to supply approximately 90, 170, or 350 kg Al ha(-1) respectively. One year after additions, there was a strong negative correlation between waste paper product application rates and soil bulk density, and a strong positive correlation between rates and total soil C content. Soil bulk density and total C 2 yr after additions, and soil DRP and Bray1-P were not affected by waste paper additions. These results support the hypothesis that decreases in DRP in runoff from soils receiving waste paper additions were probably due to changes in soil organic matter and bulk density, rather than changes in the chemical forms of soil P. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dbrauer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 898 EP 902 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0242 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043CK UT WOS:000237576700025 PM 16641327 ER PT J AU Blaske-Lietze, VU Shapiro, AM Denton, JS Botts, M Becnel, JJ Boucias, DG AF Blaske-Lietze, VU Shapiro, AM Denton, JS Botts, M Becnel, JJ Boucias, DG TI Development of the insect pathogenic alga Helicosporidium SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyst morphogenesis; entomopathogenic alga; filamentous cell transformation; in vitro replication dynamics; Noctuidae ID PLASTID GENOME; PROTOTHECA-WICKERHAMII; MICROSPORA SPORES; SPP. CHLOROPHYTA; CELL-WALL; TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE; PARASITE; INVASION; LARVAE; GENES AB This study examined the morphogenesis and replication dynamics of the different life stages (cysts, filamentous cells, vegetative cells) of Helicosporidium sp., a non-photosynthetic, entomopathogenic alga. The isolate (SjHe) used originated from an infected black fly larva. Filamentous cell transformation into vegetative cells and autosporulation during vegetative cell replication were observed under controlled in vitro conditions. The transformation process was initiated by a partial swelling of the filamentous cell along with the reorganization of the nuclear material. Two subsequent nuclear and cell divisions resulted in the release of 4 rod-shaped daughter cells, which divided into oval to spherical vegetative cells. These underwent several cycles of autosporogenic cell division. Multiple-passaged vegetative cell cultures formed non-motile, adherent cell clusters (palmelloid colonies). Vegetative replication dynamics were also observed in 2 experimental noctuid hosts, Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa zea. The average density of helicosporidial cells produced per microliter hemolymph exceeded cell concentrations obtained in vitro by 15- and 46-fold in S. exigua and H. zea, respectively. Cyst morphogenesis was only observed in the hemolymph, whereas no cysts differentiated at various in vitro conditions. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blaske-Lietze, VU (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM vblaeske@ufl.edu NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00090.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 037XZ UT WOS:000237182600002 PM 16677338 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Scarnecchia, DL AF Welker, TL Scarnecchia, DL TI River alteration and niche overlap among three native minnows (Cyprinidae) in the Missouri River hydrosystem SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; flathead chub; niche overlap; sicklefin chub; sturgeon chub ID FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STREAM FISHES; HABITAT USE; POPULATION; ASSEMBLAGE; PREDATION; ECOLOGY; SEGREGATION; COMPETITION; DARTERS AB The influence of physical and hydrologic stabilization on habitat niche overlap among three native cyprinid species: flathead chub Platygobio gracilis, sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki and sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida, in riverine segments of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers in western North Dakota and eastern Montana, was evaluated. Collectively the three species exhibited higher niche overlap in quasi-natural river segments than in segments highly altered by a mainstem dam based on relatively high percentages of individuals in quasi-natural river segments that were classified correctly, according to species, in discriminant function analyses of resource use, compared to lower percentages of individuals classified correctly in the altered river segments. The lower niche overlap in altered river segments resulted primarily from the lower overlap between flathead chub and the remaining species; this appears to be related to a decline in the diversity of natural habitats and conditions that provided a wide range of habitat conditions suitable for all three species. Results from this study suggest that selective segregation and habitat changes, rather than interactive segregation and competition, is probably the mechanism responsible for the pattern of habitat use and niche overlap among the three species in the altered segments. (c) 2006 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 1037 Div St,POB 308, Deer River, MN 56636 USA. EM tlwelker@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1530 EP 1550 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01041.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 040ZK UT WOS:000237422200017 ER PT J AU Guerini, MN Arthur, TM Shackelford, SD Koormaraie, M AF Guerini, MN Arthur, TM Shackelford, SD Koormaraie, M TI Evaluation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 growth media for use in test-and-hold procedures for ground beef processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; CARCASSES; RECOVERY; BACTERIA; CATTLE; BROTH AB Since the mid-1990s, the beef industry has used a process called test and hold, wherein beef trim and ground beef are tested to keep products contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 out of commerce. Current O157:H7 detection methods rely on a threshold level of bacterial growth for detection, which is dependent on the growth medium used. Twelve media were examined for growth and doubling time: buffered peptone water (BPW), SOC (which contains tryptone, yeast extract, KCl, MgCl(2), and glucose), buffered peptone waterplus SOC (BPW-SOC), Bacto-NZYM, RapidChek E. coli O157:H7 medium, BioControl EHEC8 culture medium, Neogen Reveal for E. coli O157:H7-Eight Hour medium (Neogen Reveal 8), BAX System medium for E. coli O157:H7 (BAX), BAX System medium for E. coli O157:H7 MP (BAX-MP), modified E. coli broth, nutrient medium, and tryptic soy broth (TSB). All media were tested at 37 or 42 degrees C under static or shaking conditions. The eight media with the highest total CFU per milliliter and most rapid doubling times were BPW-SOC, NZYM, RapidChek, EHEC8, Neogen Reveal 8, BAX, BAX-MP and TSB. The ability of these eight media to enrich E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef was further evaluated through time-course experiments using immunomagnetic separation. Of these media, TSB was the easiest to prepare, had a wide application base, and was the least expensive. In the test-and-hold process, the normal ratio of medium to product is 1:10. In this study, a 1:3 ratio worked as well as a 1:10 ratio. Processors using test-and-hold procedures could use 1 liter of TSB to enrich for E. coli O157:H7 in a 375-g sample instead of the usual 3.375 liters, thus saving reagents, time, and labor while maintaining accuracy. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Guerini, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM guerini@email.marc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1011 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 040HA UT WOS:000237368400004 PM 16715796 ER PT J AU Son, I Englen, MD Berrang, ME Fedorka-Cray, PJ Harrison, MA AF Son, I Englen, MD Berrang, ME Fedorka-Cray, PJ Harrison, MA TI Genetic diversity of Arcobacter and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses during processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POULTRY PRODUCTS; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; JEJUNI; BUTZLERI; PREVALENCE; IDENTIFICATION; HELICOBACTER; TRANSPORT; PROTOCOL AB Broiler carcasses (n = 325) were sampled at three sites along the processing line (prescalding, prechilling, and post-chilling) in a commercial poultry processing plant during five plant visits from August to October 2004. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) Was used to determine the genomic fingerprints of Campylobacter coli (n = 27), Campylobacter jejuni (n = 188), Arcobacter butzleri (n = 138), Arcobacter cryaerophilus 1A (n = 4), and A. cryaerophilus 1B (n = 3 1) with the restriction enzymes Smal and Kpnl for Campylobacter and Arcobacter, respectively. Campylobacter species were subtyped by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PulseNet 24-h standardized protocol for C. jejuni. A modification of this protocol with a different restriction endonuclease (Kpnl) and different electrophoresis running conditions produced the best separation of restriction fragment patterns for Arcobacter species. Both unique and common PFGE types of Arcobacter and Campylobacter strains were identified. A total of 32.8% (57 of 174) of the Arcobacter isolates had unique PFGE profiles, whereas only 2.3% (5 of 215) of the Campylobacter isolates belonged to this category. The remaining Arcobacter strains were distributed among 25 common PFGE types; only eight common Campylobacter PFGE types were observed. Cluster analysis showed no associations among the common PFGE types for either genus. Each of the eight common Campylobacter types consisted entirely of isolates from one sampling day, whereas more than half of the common 4rcobacter types contained isolates from different sampling days. Our results demonstrate far greater genetic diversity for Arcobacter than for Campylobacter and suggest that the Campylobacter types are specific to individual flocks of birds processed on each sampling day. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Englen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM menglen@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1033 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 040HA UT WOS:000237368400008 PM 16715800 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Pretanik, S AF Stern, NJ Pretanik, S TI Counts of Campylobacter spp. on US broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI INFECTION; POULTRY PRODUCTION; ENUMERATION; RECOVERY; CHICKENS; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; MEATS; FOOD; RAW AB Foodborne Campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis remains a public health concern, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that improperly handled poultry is the most important source of this human disease. In response to these concerns, 10 of the largest U.S. poultry integrators cooperatively determined the incidence and counts of Campylobacter on processed broiler carcasses. Prior to conducting the survey, laboratory personnel were trained in a direct Campy-Cefex plating procedure for enumeration of the organism. Before and after the survey enumeration, consistency in reporting was compared among the participating laboratories. Participating laboratories were able to consistently estimate inoculated concentrations of Campylobacter in carcass rinses. Within the central study, we determined the potential exposure of U.S. consumers to Campylobacter spp. associated with broiler carcasses during a 13-month period. Among each of the 13 participating poultry complexes, rinses from 25 randomly selected fully processed carcasses were sampled monthly from individual flocks. Among 4,200 samples, approximately 74% of the carcasses yielded no countable Campylobacter cells. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from approximately 3.6% of all commercially processed broiler carcasses at more than 10(5) CFU per carcass. Acceptable counts of these organisms on raw poultry carcasses remain to be determined. Nevertheless, this survey indicates industry recognition of its responsibility to assess and reduce public exposure to Campylobacter through broiler chickens. C1 USDA ARS, S Atlanta Area, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Natl Chicken Council, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlanta Area, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1034 EP 1039 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 040HA UT WOS:000237368400009 PM 16715801 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic, M Anderson, RC Callaway, TR Jung, YS Harvey, RB Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ AF Dimitrijevic, M Anderson, RC Callaway, TR Jung, YS Harvey, RB Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ TI Inhibitory effect of select nitrocompounds on growth and survivability of Listeria monocytogenes in vitro SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Industrial and Applied Microbiology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Badajoz, SPAIN ID ALIPHATIC NITRO-COMPOUNDS; RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS; SECONDARY NITROALKANES; 3-NITROPROPANOL; METABOLISM; 2-NITROPROPANOL; NITROETHANE; TOXICITY; CATTLE; PLANT AB We report the effects of 2-nitro-1-propanol (2NPOH), 2-nitroethanol (2NEOH), and nitroethane (NE) on growth and survivability of Listeria monocytogenes. In all cases, inhibition was greatest with 2NPOH and least with NE. For example, specific growth rates of L. monocytogenes strain 18 declined (P < 0.05) 76, 60, and 29% from controls during aerobic culture at 37 degrees C in brain heart infusion broth containing 10 mM 2NPOH, 2NEOH, or NE, respectively. Mean specific growth rate for the controls incubated likewise without added nitrocompound was 0.62 +/- 0.02 h(-1). Specific growth rates of L. monocytogenes Scott A decreased (P < 0.05) 67, 45, and 11%, respectively, from controls (0.67 +/- 0.02 h(-1)) when cultured similarly. Specific growth rates for L inonocytogenes strain 18 incubated similarly except at 30 degrees C were reduced (P < 0.05) 76, 60, and 30%, respectively, and were reduced (P < 0.05) 78, 23, and 23% during anaerobic culture at 30 degrees C in brain heart infusion broth containing 15 mM 2NPOH, 2NEOH, or NE (control rates ranged from 0.37 +/- 0.07 to 0.74 +/- 0.05 h(-1)). Survivability of L. monocytogenes strain 18 was reduced (P < 0.05) during aerobic storage (4 months at 4 degrees C) in brain heart infusion broth containing 2NPOH or 2NEOH (by 7.8 and 1.9 log units, respectively) but not NE. The inhibitory effect of 2NPOH was approximately 20% greater during growth at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.6 or 8.0. These results demonstrate the differential inhibitory activity of 2NPOH, 2NEOH, and NE against L monocytogenes in vitro. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Technol, Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1065 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 040HA UT WOS:000237368400013 PM 16715805 ER PT J AU Avena-Bustillos, RJ Olsen, CW Olson, DA Chiou, B Yee, E Bechtel, PJ McHugh, TH AF Avena-Bustillos, R. J. Olsen, C. W. Olson, D. A. Chiou, B. Yee, E. Bechtel, P. J. McHugh, T. H. TI Water vapor permeability of mammalian and fish gelatin films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water vapor permeability; fish skin; gelatin; edible films ID EDIBLE FILMS; WHEY-PROTEIN; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; OXYGEN PERMEABILITY; SKIN AB Water vapor permeability of cold- and warm-water fish skin gelatins films were evaluated and compared with different types of mammalian gelatins. Alaskan pollock and salmon gelatins were extracted from frozen skins, others were obtained from commercial sources. Water vapor permeability of gelatin films was determined considering differences on percent relative humidity (%RH) at the film underside. Molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, gel strength, viscoelastic properties, pH, and clarity were also determined for each gelatin. Water vapor permeability of cold-water fish gelatin films (0.93 gmm/m(2)hkPa) was significantly lower than warm-water fish and mammalian gelatin films (1.31 and 1.88 gmm/m(2)hkPa, respectively) at 25 degrees C, 0/80 %RH through 0.05-mm thickness films. This was related to increased hydrophobicity due to reduced amounts of proline and hydroxyproline in cold-water fish gelatins. As expected, gel strength, gel strength and gel setting temperatures were lower for cold-water fish gelatin than either warm-water fish gelatins or mammalian gelatins. This study demonstrated significant differences in physical, chemical, and rheological properties between mammalian and fish gelating. Lower water vapor permeability of fish gelatin films can be useful particularly for applications related to reducing water loss from encapsulated drugs and refrigerated or frozen food systems. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Agr Res Serv, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Avena-Bustillos, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ravena@pw.usda.gov NR 27 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 71 IS 4 BP E202 EP E207 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00016.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 082VB UT WOS:000240414200016 ER PT J AU Dangaran, KL Cooke, P Tomasula, PM AF Dangaran, Kirsten L. Cooke, Peter Tomasula, Peggy M. TI The effect of protein particle size reduction on the physical properties of CO2-precipitated casein films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle size; permeability; edible films; tensile properties; CO2 precipitated casein ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; EDIBLE FILMS; EMULSION FILMS; COATINGS AB Casein precipitated with high pressure-CO2 (CO(2)CAS) has unique properties compared to commercial acid-precipitated casein. CO(2)CAS is less water-soluble and films made from it are less susceptible to high humidity environments; however, the films are opaque and hazy. The appearance of CO(2)CAS films is important especially if applied as a food coating. To improve the appearance properties, the particle size of CO(2)CAS film was plasticized with glycerol was reduced. The effect of protein particle size reduction on tensile properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), and gloss was studied using ASTM methodology. As particle size of the CO(2)CAS was reduced from 126 mu m to 111 mu m, tensile strength and modulus of the films increased, while WVP decreased. With the same particle reduction, gloss increased from 55.3 gloss units on average to 73 gloss unites, but films were still hazy. With a particle size less than 86 mu m, CO(2)CAS films were glossy and transparent, however, tensile strength decreased and WVP increased. Depending on desired application, the properties of CO(2)CAS films can be optimized by changing particle size. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dangaran, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kdangaran@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Dangaran, Kirsten/A-7947-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 71 IS 4 BP E196 EP E201 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00012.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 082VB UT WOS:000240414200015 ER PT J AU Li, H Barkdoll, BD Kuhnle, R Alonso, C AF Li, H Barkdoll, BD Kuhnle, R Alonso, C TI Parallel walls as an abutment scour countermeasure SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BRIDGE PIERS; LOCAL SCOUR; FAILURE; VANES AB Scour at bridge abutments can cause damage or failure of bridges and result in excessive repairs, loss of accessibility, or even death. To mitigate abutment scour, both clear-water and live-bed laboratory experiments in a compound channel were performed using parallel walls. Two types of parallel walls were tested: the first was made of a solid thin wood plate and the second was made of piled rocks. For solid parallel walls, a series of vertically oriented, rectangular, straight plates of different lengths attached to the upstream end of a wing wall abutment parallel to the flow direction were employed. Three velocities of 0.9, 1.5, and 2.3 times the incipient motion value for bed sediment movement were used. The bed material was sand with a mean diameter of 0.8 mm and a standard deviation of 1.37. All the plates were seated at the bottom of the compound channel bank slope and were even with the abutment face. It was found that straight plates thus situated are able to move the scour hole away from the upstream corner of the abutment. As the length of the plate increased, the scour at the abutment declined. It was found that a length of 1.6L, with L being the length of the abutment perpendicular to the flow, caused the scour to be eliminated at the abutment for a velocity ratio (U/U-c) of 0.9 (clear-water scour). Similarly, a 1.6L long wall can reduce the time-averaged scour depth at the abutment by 100% for a velocity ratio of 1.5, and 70% for a velocity ratio of 2.3. If the upstream end of the wall is anchored below the scour depth, this countermeasure would likely be feasible for situations where rock is expensive. For parallel rock walls, various Values of wall length and protrusion length into the main channel were tested. It was found that a wall that does not protrude into the main channel and having a length of 0.5L minimizes scour at the abutment for all three different velocity ratios (0.9, 1.5, and 2.3). C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Barkdoll, BD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM huli@mtu.edu; barkdoll@mtu.edu; rkuhnle@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; calonso@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 510 EP 520 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:5(510) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 035KM UT WOS:000236999800009 ER PT J AU Papadopoulos, NT Shelly, TE Niyazi, N Jang, E AF Papadopoulos, Nikos T. Shelly, Todd E. Niyazi, Nuri Jang, Eric TI Olfactory and behavioral mechanisms underlying enhanced mating competitiveness following exposure to ginger root oil and orange oil in males of the mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata; orange oil; ginger root oil; phero- mone; mating success ID FLIES DIPTERA; HOST-PLANT; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; ALPHA-COPAENE; SUCCESS; PHEROMONES; ATTRACTANTS; LEPIDOPTERA; DROSOPHILA; RESPONSES AB Males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, are strongly attracted to various plant odors, and previous work has demonstrated that male exposure to certain odors, including the scent of orange oil (OO) and ginger root oil (GRO), increases their mating success relative to non-exposed males. However, the mechanism(s) underlying this mating increase is not known. Here, we describe several experiments that further investigate the association between GRO- and OO-exposure and male signaling activity, pheromone attractiveness, and mating success in male medflies. Exposure to GRO or OO increased time spent pheromone calling but did not accelerate the rate of male sexual maturation. Using a wind tunnel, we compared female attraction to the pheromone of control, non-exposed males versus males previously exposed to OO or GRO. There was no evidence that GRO exposure enhanced the attractiveness of the male pheromone. The data for OO were inconclusive: females tended to spend more time on spheres emanating pheromone from OO-exposed males than on spheres emanating pheromone from non-exposed males, but the number of female landings did not differ between the two types of pheromone sources. Female choice tests confirmed that GRO- and OO-exposure boost male mating success relative to non-exposed males. Application of GRO directly to the abdomen reduced male mating success, whereas similar application of OO boosted male mating success. The potential role and mode of action of plant chemicals in the mating behavior of male medflies are evaluated in light of these findings. C1 Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Ionia 38446, Magnisias, Greece. USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London SW7 2AZ, England. USDA, ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Papadopoulos, NT (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Phytokou St N, Ionia 38446, Magnisias, Greece. EM nikopap@uth.gr RI Papadopoulos, Nikos/B-9156-2011 OI Papadopoulos, Nikos/0000-0003-2480-8189 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s10905-006-9031-6 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082CA UT WOS:000240362900010 ER PT J AU Chen, KG An, YQC AF Chen, KG An, YQC TI Transcriptional responses to gibberellin and abscisic acid in barley aleurone SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE abscisic acid; barley; gene regulation; gibberellin; microarray; signal transduction ID ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; ALPHA-AMYLASE GENE; ARABIDOPSIS SEED-GERMINATION; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; F-BOX SUBUNIT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN-KINASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; DEPENDENT DEGRADATION; HORMONAL-REGULATION AB Cereal aleurone has been established as a model system to investigate giberrellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Using Barley 1 GeneChip, we examined the mRNA accumulation of over 22 000 genes in de-embryonated barley aleurone treated with GA and ABA. We observed that 1 328 genes had more than a threefold change in response to GA treatment, whereas 206 genes had a more than threefold change in response to ABA treatment. Interestingly, approximately 2.5-fold more genes were up-regulated than down-regulated by ABA. Eighty-three genes were differentially regulated by both GA and ABA. Most of the genes were subject to antagonistic regulation by ABA and GA, particularly for genes related to seed maturation and germination, such as genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins and storage mobilization enzymes. This supports the antagonistic roles of GA and ABA in seed maturation and seed germination. Interestingly, we observed that a significant percentage of the genes were coordinately regulated by both GA and ABA. Some GA-responsive genes encoded proteins involved in ethylene, jasmonate, brassinosteroid and auxin metabolic and signaling transduction pathways, suggesting their potential interaction with the GA response. We also identified a group of transcription factor genes, such as MYB and Homeobox genes, that were differentially regulated by GA. In addition, a number of GA- and/or ABA-responsive genes encoded components potentially involved in GA and ABA signal transduction pathway. Overall, the present study provides a comprehensive and global view of transcript expression accompanying the GA and ABA response in barley aleurone and identifies a group of genes with potential regulatory functions in GA- and ABA-signaling pathways for future functional validation. C1 USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP An, YQC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM ycan@wisc.edu NR 108 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 591 EP 612 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00270.x PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 038VM UT WOS:000237257600013 ER PT J AU Toledo, AV Virla, E Humber, RA Paradell, SL Lastra, CCL AF Toledo, A. . V. Virla, E. Humber, R. A. Paradell, S. L. Lastra, C. C. Lopez TI First record of Clonostachys rosea (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) as an entomopathogenic fungus of Oncometopia tucumana and Sonesimia grossa (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argentina; cicadellidae; Clonostachys rosea; entomopathogenic fungi; Hemiptera; Oncometopia tucumana; Sonesimia grossa ID GLIOCLADIUM-ROSEUM AB Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fries) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert, and Gams (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) has been reported as a mycoparasite of fungi and nematodes and as saprobe in soils, but this fungus has not been reported previously to be entomopathogenic. Many species of cicadellid leafhoppers cause economic damage to crops as vectors of plant pathogens. In the present work, we report the first record of C. rosea as an entomopathogenic fungus of two leafhoppers pest, Oncometopia tucumana and Sonesimia grossa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in Argentina and evaluate the pathogenicity of C. rosea against them. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, CONICET, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, CEPAVE, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, PROIMI, RA-4001 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Div Entomol, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Toledo, AV (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, CONICET, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, CEPAVE, Calle 2 Nro 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM atoledo@cepave.edu.ar OI Virla, Eduardo Gabriel/0000-0002-9512-4254 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.10.005 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 044ZR UT WOS:000237712900002 PM 16580016 ER PT J AU Fallon, DJ Solter, LF Bauer, LS Miller, DL Cate, JR McManus, ML AF Fallon, DJ Solter, LF Bauer, LS Miller, DL Cate, JR McManus, ML TI Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on Plectrodera scalator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; cottonwood borer; Heterorhabditis; nematodes; Plectrodera scalator; preconditioning; Steinernema AB Entomopathogenic nematodes were screened for efficacy against the cottonwood borer, Plectrodera scalator (Fabricius). Steinernema feltiae SN and S. carpocapsae All killed 58 and 50% of larvae, respectively, in filter paper bioassays but less than 10% in diet cup bioassays. S. glaseri NJ, S. riobrave TX, and H. indica MG-13 killed less than 10% of larvae in both assays. H. marelata IN was ineffective in the diet cup bioassay and killed 12.9% of larvae in a filter paper bioassay. The nematode isolates we tested are not suitable for use as biological control agents against P. scalator. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Boothill Farms, Talpa, TX 76882 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Solter, LF (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lsolter@uiuc.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.01.006 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 044ZR UT WOS:000237712900009 PM 16530219 ER PT J AU Elosua, R Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Lai, CQ Demissie, S Fox, CS Polak, JF Wolf, PA D'Agostino, RB O'Donnell, CJ AF Elosua, R Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Lai, CQ Demissie, S Fox, CS Polak, JF Wolf, PA D'Agostino, RB O'Donnell, CJ TI Variants at the APOA5 locus, association with carotid atherosclerosis, and modification by obesity: the Framingham Study SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; carotid arteries; epidemiology; genetics; apolipoprotein A5 gene ID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN A5 GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS; AV GENE AB Genetic variation at the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) is associated with increased triglyceride concentrations, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) is a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis burden. We sought to determine the association of common APOA5 genetic variants with carotid IMT and stenosis. A total of 2,273 Framingham Offspring Study participants underwent carotid ultrasound and had data on at least one of the five APOA5 variants (-1131T > C, -3A > G, 56C > G, IVS3+476G > A, and 1259T > C). Although none of the individual variants was significantly associated with carotid measures, the haplotype defined by the presence of the rare allele of the 56C > G variant was associated with a higher common carotid artery (CCA) IMT compared with the wild-type haplotype (0.75 vs. 0.73 mm; P < 0.05). The rare allele of each of the -1131T > C, -3A > G, IVS3+476G > A, and 1259T > C variants and the haplotype defined by the presence of the rare alleles in these four variants were each significantly associated with CCA IMT in obese participants. These associations remained significant even after adjustment for triglycerides. APOA5 variants were associated with CCA IMT, particularly in obese participants. The mechanism of these associations and the effect modification by obesity are independent of fasting triglyceride levels. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Inst Municipal Invest Med, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP O'Donnell, CJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM codonnell@nih.gov OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; ELOSUA, ROBERTO/0000-0001-8235-0095; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776, N01 HC-25195]; NINDS NIH HHS [5R01 NS-17950-22] NR 41 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 990 EP 996 DI 10.1194/jlr.M500446-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 048GQ UT WOS:000237936000012 PM 16474174 ER PT J AU De Leon, AAP O'Toole, D Tabachnick, WJ AF Perez De Leon, Adalberto A. O'Toole, Donal Tabachnick, Walter J. TI Infection of guinea pigs with vesicular stomatitis New Jersey Virus transmitted by Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vesicular stomatitis; Culicoides; vector competence ID SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; COLORADO; SEROTYPE; SWINE; MICE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARBOVIRUSES; EXPRESSION AB Intrathoracically inoculated Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones were capable of transmitting vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus, VSNJV) during blood feeding on the abdomen of six guinea pigs. None of the guinea pigs infected in this manner developed clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis despite seroconversion for VSNJV. Guinea pigs infected by intradermal inoculations of VSNJV in the abdomen also failed to develop clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis. Three guinea pigs given intradermal inoculations of VSNJV in the foot pad developed lesions typical of vesicular stomatitis. Transmission by the bite of C. sonorensis may have facilitated guinea pig infection with VSNJV because a single infected C. sonorensis caused seroconversion and all guinea pigs infected by insect bite seroconverted compared with 50% of the guinea pigs infected by intradermal inoculation with a higher titer VSNJV inoculum. The role of C. sonorensis in the transmission of VSNJV is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. SCYNEXIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Florida Med Entomol Lab, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. RP Tabachnick, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM wjt@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 568 EP 573 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 116FS UT WOS:000242788500019 ER PT J AU Li, WB Brlansky, RH Hartung, JS AF Li, WB Brlansky, RH Hartung, JS TI Amplification of DNA of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from historic citrus canker herbarium specimens SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; DNA purification; ancient DNA ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; STRAINS; FLORIDA; SAMPLES; FIELD AB Herbaria are important resources for the study of the origins and dispersal of plant pathogens, particularly bacterial plant pathogens that incite local lesions in which large numbers of pathogen genomes are concentrated. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease, is a notable example of such a pathogen. The appearance of novel strains of the pathogen in Florida and elsewhere make it increasingly important to understand the relationships among strains of this pathogen. USDA-ARS at Beltsville, Maryland maintains approximately 700 herbarium specimens with citrus canker disease lesions up to 90 years old, originally collected from all over the world, and so is an important resource for phytogeographic studies of this bacterium. Unfortunately, DNA in herbarium specimens is degraded and may contain high levels of inhibitors of PCR. In this study, we compared a total of 23 DNA isolation techniques in combination with 31 novel primer pairs in order to develop an efficient protocol for the analysis of Xac DNA in herbarium specimens. We identified the most reliable extraction method, identified in terms of successful amplification by our panel of 31 primer pairs. We also identified the most robust primer pairs, identified as successful in the largest number of extracts prepared by different methods. We amplified Xac genomic sequences up to 542 bp long from herbarium samples up to 89 years old. Primers varied in effectiveness, with some primer pairs amplifying Xac DNA from a 1/10,000 dilution of extract from a single lesion from a citrus canker herbarium specimen. Our methodology will be useful to identify pathogens and perform molecular analyses of bacterial and possibly fungal genomes from herbarium specimens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hartungj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.07.014 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 041EC UT WOS:000237435200004 PM 16099061 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR Balaa, MF AF McLaughlin, MR Balaa, MF TI Enhanced contrast of bacteriophage plaques in Salmonella with ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (FACST) and tetrazolium red (TZR) SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; plaque assay; Salmonella; tetrazolium; thiosulfine; H2S AB Visualization of bacteriophage plaques may be enhanced by addition of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (FACST) or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium red, TZR) to the soft agar layer of a traditional bacteriophage plaque assay. Background color from these reagents improved contrast between clear plaques and turbid host lawns in trypticase soy agar (TSA) plates. Enhancement by FACST is based on reaction with hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) produced by some strains of bacteria and was tested here using H2S+ and H2S- strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica with a bacteriophage (Podoviridae) isolated from swine lagoon effluent. Only the H2S+ strain produced dark brown-black color in FACST-amended agar. Both strains showed bright pinkish-red color in TZR-amended agar. Color intensity for both reagents decreased with decreasing concentrations of the reagents. Contrast in FACST-amended plates appeared greater than that with TZR, but diminished after 12 h. while contrast in TZR-amended plates remained constant. At the concentrations tested, neither reagent affected plaque counts in the H2S+ strain. The FACST should be useful in bacteriophage plaque assays with H2S+ strains of Salmonella and other H2S+ bacteria. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mmclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.08.008 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 041EC UT WOS:000237435200012 PM 16182396 ER PT J AU Herron, KL McGrane, MM Waters, D Lofgren, IE Clark, RM Ordovas, JM Fernandez, ML AF Herron, KL McGrane, MM Waters, D Lofgren, IE Clark, RM Ordovas, JM Fernandez, ML TI The ABCG5 polymorphism contributes to individual responses to dietary cholesterol and carotenoids in eggs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE eggs; lutein; dietary cholesterol; ABCG5 polymorphism; LDL cholesterol ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEINS; DENSITY; BINDING; OXIDATION AB The ATP binding cassette G5 (ABCG5) polymorphisms have been postulated to play a role in the response to dietary cholesterol. The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of the ABCG5 polymorphism on the plasma response to consumption of cholesterol and carotenoids from eggs. For this purpose, genotyping was conducted for 40 men and 51 premenopausal women who were randomly assigned to consume an egg (EGG, 640 mg/d additional dietary cholesterol and 600 mu g lutein + zeaxanthin) or placebo (SUB, 0 mg/d cholesterol, 0 mu g lutein + zeaxanthin) diet for 30 d. The two arms of the dietary intervention were separated by a 3-wk washout period. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol were determined. Because eggs are an excellent source of lutein and zeaxanthin, the plasma levels of these carotenoids were also measured in a subset of subjects to determine whether the response to carotenoid intake was similar to that seen for dietary cholesterol and to evaluate the contribution of ABCG5 polymorphism to both responses. Individuals possessing the C/C genotype experienced a greater increase in both LDL-C (P < 0.05) and a trend for lutein (P = 0.08) during the EGG period compared with those individuals with the C/G (heterozygote) or G/G genotypes (homozygotes). These results, although obtained from a small number of subjects, suggest that the ABCG5 polymorphism may play a role in the plasma response to dietary cholesterol and carotenoids. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fernandez, ML (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. EM maria-luz.fernandez@uconn.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1165 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 035WC UT WOS:000237031400005 PM 16614398 ER PT J AU El-Kadi, SW Baldwin, RL Sunny, NE Owens, SL Bequette, BJ AF El-Kadi, SW Baldwin, RL Sunny, NE Owens, SL Bequette, BJ TI Intestinal protein supply alters amino acid, but not glucose, metabolism by the sheep gastrointestinal tract SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Animal-Science-Societies CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL St Louis, MO SP Federat Anim Sci Soc DE sheep; gastrointestinal tract; amino acid; urea; glucose ID LEUCINE METABOLISM; DAIRY-COWS; NET FLUX; TISSUES; OXIDATION; BLOOD; AVAILABILITY; SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATION; CATABOLISM AB This study was intended to establish the extent which amino acids (AAs) and glucose are net metabolized by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminant sheep when intestinal protein supply is varied. Wether sheep (n = 4, 33 +/- 2.0 kg) were fitted with catheters for measurement of net absorption by the mesenteric (MDV) and portal-drained (PDV) viscera and a catheter inserted into the duodenum for casein infusions. Sheep received a fixed amount of a basal diet that provided adequate metabolizable energy (10.9 MJ/d) but inadequate metabolizable protein (75 g/d) to support 300-g gain per day. Fourlevels of casein infusion [0 (water), 35,70, and 105 g/d], each infused for 5.5 cl, were assigned to sheep according to a 4 X 4 Latin square design. [methyl-(2) H-3]leucine was infused (8 h) into the duodenum while [1-C-13]leucine plus [6-(2) H-2]glucose were infused (8 h) into a jugular vein. With the exception of glutamate and glutamine, net absorption of AAs increased linearly (P < 0.05, R-2 = 0.46-1.79 for MDV; P < 0.05, R-2 = 0.6-1.58 for PDV) with casein infusion rate. Net absorption by the PDV accounted for < 100% of the additional supplies of leucine, valine, and isoleucine (0.6-0.66, P < 0.05) from casein infusion, whereas net absorption by the MDV accounted for 100% of the additional essential AA supply. Glucose absorption (negative) and utilization of arterial glucose supply by the GIT remained unchanged. There was a positive linear (P < 0.05) relation between transfer of plasma urea to the GIT and arterial urea concentration (MDV, P < 0.05, r = 0.90; PDV, P < 0.05, r = 0.93). The ruminant GIT appears to metabolize increasing amounts of the branched-chain AAs and certain nonessential AAs when the intestinal supply of protein is increased. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Ainm & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bequette, BJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bbequett@umd.edu NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1269 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 035WC UT WOS:000237031400021 PM 16614414 ER PT J AU Gao, X Wilde, PE Lichtenstein, AH Tucker, KL AF Gao, X Wilde, PE Lichtenstein, AH Tucker, KL TI The 2005 USDA Food Guide Pyramid is associated with more adequate nutrient intakes within energy constraints than the 1992 pyramid SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE USDA food guide pyramid; energy; optimization programming; dietary reference intake; dietary pattem ID MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; DIETARY-GUIDELINES; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FOR-AMERICANS; OBESITY; DENSITY; PATTERNS; RISK; ADHERENCE AB The USDA issued the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) to help Americans choose healthy diets. We examined whether adherence to the 1992 and 2005 FGP was associated with moderate energy and adequate nutrient intakes. We used data for 2138 men and 2213 women > 18 y old, from the 2001-2002 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Quadratic programming was used to generate diets with minimal departure from intakes reported for the NHANES 2001-02. We examined the effect of the number of servings/d of Food Pyramid groups set at 1992 and at 2005 FGP recommendations for 1600,2200, and 2800 kcal (1 kcal = 4.184 W) levels. We calculated energy and nutrients provided by different FGP dietary patterns. Within current U.S. dietary practices, following the 1992 FGP without sodium restriction may provide 200 more kcal than recommended for each energy level. Although it can meet most of old nutrient recommendations (1989), it fails to meet the latest dietary reference intakes, especially for the 1600 kcal level. The 2005 FGP appears to provide less energy and more adequate nutrient intakes, with the exception of vitamin E and potassium for some groups. However, without discretionary energy restriction, Americans are at risk of having excessive energy intake even if they follow the 2005 FGP food serving recommendations. Our analysis suggests that following the 2005 FGP may be associated with lower energy and optimal nutrient intake. Careful restriction of discretionary calories appears necessary for appropriate energy intakes to be maintained. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1346 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 035WC UT WOS:000237031400034 PM 16614427 ER PT J AU Zakeri, I Puyau, MR Adolph, AL Vohra, FA Butte, NF AF Zakeri, I Puyau, MR Adolph, AL Vohra, FA Butte, NF TI Normalization of energy expenditure data for differences in body mass or composition in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE basal energy expenditure; sleeping energy expenditure; maximal energy expenditure ID METABOLIC-RATE; SIZE; INFANCY; OBESITY; RATIOS AB The most appropriate model for normalization of energy expenditure (EE) data for body mass or composition in growing children and adolescents has not been studied extensively. In this study, we investigated allometric modeling for the normalization of EE data for body mass or composition in a large cohort of children (n = 833), ages 5-19 y for a wide range of physical activities. Anthropometry was performed by standard techniques, and total body fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight status was defined as nonoverweight or overweight based on the 95th percentile for BMI. Total energy expenditure (TEE), basal energy expenditure (BEE), sleeping energy expenditure (SEE), and cycling EE were measured during 24-h room respiration calorimetry. Walking and maximal EE (MaxEE) were measured according to a treadmill protocol. Allometric or power function models were used to identify appropriate scaling parameters for EE. For BEE and lower levels of EE, weight scaled to 0.5. For cycling and treadmill walking/running, the weight exponent approached 0.7. Scaling EE for FFM resulted in exponents of 0.6 for lower rates of EE and 0.8-1.0 for higher rates of EE. Appropriate scaling of EE for body weight and composition of children and adolescents varied primarily as a function of the level of EE. In some instances, the exponents for scaling EE by body weight or composition were influenced by gender and weight status, but not by age. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59624] NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1376 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 035WC UT WOS:000237031400039 PM 16614432 ER PT J AU Pilarska, D McManus, M Pilarski, P Georgiev, G Mirchev, P Linde, A AF Pilarska, D McManus, M Pilarski, P Georgiev, G Mirchev, P Linde, A TI Monitoring the establishment and prevalence of the fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in two Lymantria dispar L. populations in Bulgaria SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bulgaria; Entomophaga maimaiga; introduction; Lymantria dispar; Microsporidia ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HOST-RANGE; PATHOGEN; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; SPREAD; SPORES AB The establishment and prevalence of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales), introduced into two gypsy moth populations in Bulgaria, was monitored during 2000-2004. In the Karlovo Region population, where E. maimaiga was introduced in 1999, the fungus was recovered every year and the prevalence of infection varied from 6.1% to 15.9%. A microsporidian infection caused by an Endoreticulatus sp. (Protista, Microsporidia) was also recorded every year and the prevalence varied from 2.1% and 5.0%. In the Svoge Region population, where E. maimaiga was introduced in late 2000 and first found in 2002, the prevalence of infection varied from 8.8% to 13.8%. Larval parasitism caused by Cotesia melanoscela, Protapanteles liparidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and species of tachinids (Diptera, Tachinidae) was also recorded in the larvae of both populations. We provide a rationale as to why other countries should consider introducing E. maimaiga for biological control of Lymantria dispar populations. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia, Bulgaria. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Forest Res Inst, Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Appl Sci, Eberswalde, Germany. RP Pilarska, D (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM dpilarska@zoology.bas.bg NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10340-005-0111-8 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 032CZ UT WOS:000236752800001 ER PT J AU Park, JB Schoene, N AF Park, JB Schoene, N TI Clovamide-type phenylpropenoic acid amides, N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine, inhibit platelet-leukocyte interactions via suppressing P-selectin expression SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID COA-TYRAMINE N-(HYDROXYCINNAMOYL)TRANSFERASE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ADHESION MOLECULE; IN-VITRO; ACTIVATION; THROMBOSIS; PROTEIN; COCOA; COUMAROYLTYRAMINE; AGGREGATION AB N-Coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine are clovamide-type phenylpropenoic acid amides found in Theobroma cacao. In this article, N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were investigated to determine their effects on P-selectin expression and platelet-leukocyte interactions in vitro and in vivo models. At the concentration of 0.05 mu M, they were able to inhibit P-selectin expression on the platelets by 33 (P < 0.011) and 30% ( P < 0.012), respectively. The inhibition was partially blocked by beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists, suggesting that beta(2) receptors are probably engaged in the inhibition. N-Caffeoyldopamine and N-coumaroyldopamine could also suppress patelet-lukocyte interactions in blood samples by 36 (P < 0.013) and 32% ( P < 0.011), respectively, at the same concentration ( 0.05 mu M). In an animal study, mice administrated orally with N-caffeoyldopamine ( 50 and 100 mu g/35 g of body weight) also showed great reduction in the P-selectin expression and platelet-leukocyte interactions by 31 to 45% ( P < 0.011) and 34 to 43% ( P < 0.014), respectively. These data suggest that the clovamide-type phenylpropenoic acid amides are able to suppress platelet-leukocyte interactions via inhibiting P-selectin expression. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM parkj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 317 IS 2 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.097337 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 033WY UT WOS:000236885000043 PM 16478826 ER PT J AU Franzuebbers, AJ Follett, RF Johnson, JMF Liebig, MA Gregorich, EG Parkin, TB Smith, JL Del Grosso, SJ Jawson, MD Martens, DA AF Franzuebbers, Alan J. Follett, Ronald F. Johnson, Jane M. F. Liebig, Mark A. Gregorich, Edward G. Parkin, Timothy B. Smith, Jeffrey L. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Jawson, Michael D. Martens, Dean A. TI Agricultural exhaust: A reason to invest in soil SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; USA; CANADA C1 ARS, USDA, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN USA. ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Franzuebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 3 BP 98A EP 101A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 064HU UT WOS:000239080600005 ER PT J AU Potter, KN Derner, JD AF Potter, K. N. Derner, J. D. TI Soil carbon pools in central Texas: Prairies, restored grasslands, and croplands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE particulate organic carbon (POC); native grassland; soil quality; mineral associated carbon (MAC); total organic carbon (TOC) ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; ILLINOIS; TEXTURE; SYSTEMS AB Establishment of perennial grasses on degraded soils has been suggested as a means to improve soil quality and sequester carbon in the soil. Particulate organic carbon may be an important component in the increased soil carbon content. We measured particulate organic carbon [defined as organic carbon in the 53 to 2000 PM (0.002 to o.o8 in) size fraction] and mineral associated organic carbon (defined as the less than 53 PM (0.002 in) size fraction) at three locations in central Texas. Each location had a never-tilled native grassland site, a long-term agricultural site and a restored grassland on a previously tilled site. Organic carbon pool sizes varied in the surface 40 cm (16 in) of native grassland, restored grasslands and agricultural soils. The native grasslands contained the largest amounts of total organic carbon, while the restored grasslands and agricultural soils contained similar amounts of total organic carbon. Both particulate organic carbon and mineral associated carbon pools were reduced beyond the depth of tillage in the restored grass and agricultural soils compared to the native grassland soils. The restored grassland soils had a larger particulate organic carbon content than the agricultural soils, but the increase in particulate organic carbon was limited to the surface 5 cm (2 in) of soil. Trends in particulate organic carbon accumulation over time from nine to 30 years were not significant in this study. C1 USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 3 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 064HU UT WOS:000239080600007 ER PT J AU Dell, CJ Sharpley, AN AF Dell, C. J. Sharpley, A. N. TI Spatial variation of soil organic carbon in a northeastern US watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; soil carbon sequestration; spatial variability ID VARIABILITY; SEQUESTRATION; FIELDS AB Increasing the accumulation of organic carbon (C) in agricultural soils provides one means to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations, but detection of the relatively small changes in soil organic C is complicated by spatial variability. Soil organic C variation was assessed at various scales within a small (40 ha; 98 ac), mixed-use watershed in central Pennsylvania to determine sampling requirement for possible C credit programs. Composite soil samples (0 to 5 CM; 0 to 2 in deep) were collected on 30-m (98-ft) grid intervals across the watershed and at 10- and o.6-m (33- and 2-ft) intervals at selected locations, and descriptive- and geo-statistical analysis utilized. Concentrations of soil organic C in pasture and forest soils were approximately two times greater than cultivated fields, where means ranged from 15 to 24 9 C kg(-1) (1.5 to 2.4 percent) and coefficients of variation were typically 15 to 20 percent. Soil organic C was spatially dependent over a range of approximately 200 M (660 ft) when sampled at 30-m (98-ft) intervals, and high nugget variances indicated spatially-dependent variability over lag distances shorter than 30 m (98ft). However, sampling at 10-m (33 ft) intervals appeared to adequately describe variation. Estimates of sample size requirement showed that, with the observed coefficient variances for individual fields, two- to five-fold increases in sample numbers would be required to verify statistically significant soil organic C changes <= 10 percent. Given the large number of samples required to provide representative measurements and the concurrent cost for labor and analysis, participation by farmers in a C credit program could be low if measured verification of soil organic C increases are required. Basing payments on modeled, rather than measured C sequestration rates, should be considered. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 3 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 064HU UT WOS:000239080600008 ER PT J AU Madrid, A Fernald, AG Baker, TT VanLeeuwen, DM AF Madrid, A. Fernald, A. G. Baker, T. T. VanLeeuwen, D. M. TI Evaluation of silvicultural treatment effects on infiltration, runoff, sediment yield, and soil moisture in a mixed conifer New Mexico forest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE precommercial thin; rainfall simulation; water quality; water yield; wildfire danger ID UNITED-STATES; WATER YIELD; VEGETATION; RAINFALL; EROSION; FIRE AB Clearing ponderosa pine forests often increases post-harvest runoff and sediment yield, yet there is little research to show if partial thinning of mixed conifer forests similarly produces more runoff and sediment. Rainfall simulations were used to evaluate silvicultural treatment effects on infiltration, runoff, sediment yield, and soil moisture in a southern New Mexico mixed conifer forest. Silvicultural treatments included: untreated control; precommercial thin with slash piled; and precommercial thin with slash scattered. There were no significant differences in infiltration rates, runoff rates, or soil moisture. Time to peak runoff was greater on pile and scatter treatments than on the control during both dry and wet runs. Sediment yield was greater on pile and scatter treatments than on the control during wet runs, yet was very low in all cases. We conclude that southwestern mixed conifer forests may be partially thinned without risk of significant increases in hillslope runoff and sediment yield. C1 US Forest Serv, Cloudcroft, NM 88317 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Madrid, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Cloudcroft, NM 88317 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 3 BP 159 EP 168 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 064HU UT WOS:000239080600012 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Bumanlag, L Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Bumanlag, L Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Use of enzymatically modified gelatin and casein as fillers in leather processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 24, 2005 CL Sky Top, PA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; SODIUM CASEINATE; FILMS AB Prior research from this laboratory demonstrated that chemically modified collagen by products could be used effectively as fillers during leather processing. The gelatins were reacted with glutaraldehyde and, after application to veiny leather, these highly polymerized gelatins did fill and more importantly were bound to the substrate. The applications were followed by using fluorescently labeled gelatin that was added to a stock solution and the final products were examined under a microscope that had the capability of showing that the gelatins fluoresce. In this present study, fluorescently labeled gelatins were polymerized by using microbial transglutaminase as the cross-linking agent and the reactions took place in either the leather itself or the samples were first prepared and then added to the leather. Furthermore, we wanted to see, based on results from our earlier experiments in which we produced biopolymers from enzyme-modified gelatin and casein, if these products could also be effective fillers. In these experiments, we labeled casein as well as the gelatin. Varying conditions were examined for optimal filling results. The results showed that indeed these enzymatically prepared products could be used effectively as fillers and moreover were bound to the leather and would not easily be removed during further processing. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtaylor@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 101 IS 5 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 044JT UT WOS:000237669200002 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Green, LA DeKeyser, SS Manthey, LK Kenar, JA Cermak, SC AF Isbell, TA Green, LA DeKeyser, SS Manthey, LK Kenar, JA Cermak, SC TI Improvement in the gas chromatographic resolution of petroselinate from oleate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE branched alcohols; coriander; esters; gas chromatography; oleic; petroselinic; rates ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CORIANDRUM-SATIVUM; FATTY-ACIDS; ESTERS; OIL; SEEDS AB In the extraction of oils from seeds of the genus Coriandrum, GC separations of petroselinate from oleate often gave poor resolution of these two isomers. Oleic and petroselinic acids were esterified with a series of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, I propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol). GC resolution of the Delta 6 from the Delta 9 and Delta 11 octadecenoates was examined for all ester derivatives on a polar phase column. The Delta 6 and Delta 9 isomers were unresolved as methyl esters; however, the 2-ethyl-1-hexyl esters gave baseline separation of all three isomers under temperature programming conditions. When isothermal conditions were optimized for each ester, separation of these isomers was possible with good resolution values (> 89%) for all the alcohols except methanol, which had a partial resolution of 51%. The rates of esterification of all the alcohols were determined for reactions with both oleic acid and triolein using potassium hydroxide as the esterification catalyst. Methanol gave the largest rate constant in both acid and oil esterification reactions with a rate constant 10-fold better than all of the other alcohols. Based on rates of reaction, resolution of petroselinate from oleate, and removal of residual alcohol, the ethyl ester derivative appears to be the best choice for seed oils containing petroselinic acid. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM isbellta@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1222-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 049UJ UT WOS:000238042500007 ER PT J AU Warner, K Dunlap, C AF Warner, K Dunlap, C TI Effects of expeller-pressed/physically refined soybean oil on frying oil stability and flavor of French-fried potatoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE expeller press; flavor; French-fried potatoes; frying Maillard reaction products; phospholipids; physical refining; soybean oil; tocopherols ID ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY; MAILLARD REACTION; FLUORESCENCE; OXIDATION; EXTRUSION; PRODUCTS; SEED AB To determine effects of expeller pressing/physical refining of soybean oil (SBO) on frying, studies were conducted with expeller-pressed, physically refined, bleached, deodorized SBO (EPSBO); hexane-extracted, refined, bleached, deodorized SBO + TBHQ; and hydrogenated SBO (HSBO). Oils contained citric acid and dimethylpolysiloxane and were used for 35 h of frying french-fried potatoes. Polar compound levels in EPSBO were similar to SBO + TBHQ or HSBO. Flavor quality of potatoes was evaluated by trained, experienced, analytical sensory panelists. In early frying stages, potatoes fried in EPSBO had significantly lower intensities of fishiness than potatoes fried in SBO + TBHQ. Potatoes fried in HSBO were described as "hydrogenated." Because of differences in flavor intensities and types, potatoes prepared in EPSBO had significantly better quality scores than those fried in SBO + TBHQ or HSBO during the first 15 h of frying. During later stages (25 and 35 h), potatoes fried in EPSBO had significantly better quality scores than potatoes fried in HSBO. Variations in minor oil constituents may partly explain these differences. EPSBO had less total tocopherols and phytosterols than did SBO at 0-time. During frying, TBHQ in SBO and Maillard reaction products in EPSBO probably inhibited tocopherol loss and therefore improved quality. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1223-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 049UJ UT WOS:000238042500008 ER PT J AU Sinclair, JW Park, SO Lester, GE Yoo, KS Crosby, KM AF Sinclair, JW Park, SO Lester, GE Yoo, KS Crosby, KM TI Identification and confirmation of RAPD markers and andromonoecious associated with quantitative trait loci for sugars in melon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; sucrose; total soluble solids; sucrose percentage of total sugars; ascorbic acid; randomly amplified polymorphic DNA ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; GENETIC-MAP; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ACID INVERTASE; FRUIT-QUALITY; QTL ANALYSIS; LINKAGE MAP; CUCUMIS AB Our objectives were to identify randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for sucrose, total soluble solids (TSS), and sucrose percentage of total sugars (SPTS) using bulked segregant analysis in an F, population from the melon (Cucumis melo L.) cross of 'TAM Dulce' (high sugars) x TGR1551 (low sugars) in a greenhouse experiment, and confirm the associations of RAPD markers with QTL for these sugar traits in an F, population from the different cross of 'Deltex' (high sugars) x TGR1551 in a field experiment. Continuous distributions for sucrose, TSS, and SPTS were observed in the F-2 populations indicating quantitative inheritance for the traits. Significant positive correlations were found between sucrose and TSS or SPTS. Nine RAPD markers were detected to be significantly associated with QTL for sucrose in the F-2 population of the 'TAM Dulce' x TGR1551 cross in the greenhouse based on simple linear regression. Five unlinked markers associated with QTL were significant in a stepwise multiple regression analysis where the full model explained 39% of the total phenotypic variation for sucrose. Five and seven of the nine RAPD markers associated with QTL for sucrose were also observed to be significantly associated with QTL for TSS and SPTS, respectively, suggesting that in this cross three sugar traits are controlled by the same QTL. Five RAPD markers were confirmed in the F2 population of the 'Deltex' x TGR1551 cross in the field to be consistently associated with QTL for three sugar traits. Significant associations of andromonoecious (a) with both sucrose and TSS were consistently expressed in our populations under greenhouse and field environments. These RAPD and floral markers associated with the sugar synthesis QTL identified and confirmed here could be useful in melon breeding for improving the mature fruit sweetness. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Park, SO (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM so-park@tamu.edu NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3 BP 360 EP 371 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 048IQ UT WOS:000237941200008 ER PT J AU Levi, A Thomas, CE Trebitsh, T Salman, A King, J Karalius, J Newman, M Reddy, OUK Xu, Y Zhang, X AF Levi, A. Thomas, C. E. Trebitsh, T. Salman, A. King, J. Karalius, J. Newman, M. Reddy, O. U. K. Xu, Y. Zhang, X. TI An extended linkage map for watermelon based on SRAP, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, and RAPD markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Citrullus colocynthis; genetic mapping; DNA markers; vegetable breeding ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; CITRULLUS-LANATUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; MEIOTIC DRIVE; RFLP MARKERS; QTL ANALYSIS; A-GENOME; L. AB Seventy-one amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 93 sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to extend an initial genetic linkage map for watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. The initial map was based on 151 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 30 and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A testcross population previously used for mapping of RAPD and ISSR markers was used in this study: (plant accession Griffin 14113 [C. lanatus var. citroide (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.] x the watermelon cultivar New Hampshire Midget (C. lanatus var. lanatus)) x PI 386015 [C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad.]. The linkage map contains 360 DNA markers distributed on 19 linkage groups, and covers a genetic distance of 1976 cM with an average distance of 5.8 cM between two markers. A genomic DNA clone representing 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC-) synthase gene, involved in ethylene biosynthesis, was also mapped. As in previous mapping studies for watermelon, a large number of AFLP and SRAP markers were skewed away from the 1:1 segregation ratio, and had to be excluded from the final mapping analysis. The stringent mapping criteria (JoinMap 3.0 mapping program) produced linkage groups with marker order consistent with those reported in previous mapping study for watermelon. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources & Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. Syngenta Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 048IQ UT WOS:000237941200012 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM Henk, AD Reilley, AA Bassil, NV Postman, JD AF Volk, GM Richards, CM Henk, AD Reilley, AA Bassil, NV Postman, JD TI Diversity of wild Pyrus communis based on microsatellite analyses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pear; simple sequence repeat; genetic ID X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; PEAR; APPLE; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; JAPANESE; SSRS; MAPS AB Edible european pears (Pyrus communis L. ssp. communis) are derived from wild relatives native to the Caucasus Mountain region and eastern Europe. Microsatellite markers (13 loci) were used to determine the relationships among 145 wild and cultivated individuals of P. communis maintained in the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). A Bayesian clustering method grouped the individual pear genotypes into 12 clusters. Pyrus communis ssp. caucasica (Fed.) Browicz, native to the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, Crimea, and Armenia, can be genetically differentiated from P. communis ssp. pyraster L. native to eastern European countries. The domesticated pears cluster closely together and are most closely related to a group of genotypes that are intermediate to the R communis ssp. pyraster and the P. communis ssp. caucasica groups. Based on the high number of unique alleles and heterozygosity in each of the 12 clusters, we conclude that genetic diversity of wild P. communis is not fully represented at the NPGS. Additional diversity may be present in seed accessions stored in the NPGS and more pear diversity could be captured through supplementary collection trips to eastern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains, and the surrounding countries. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3 BP 408 EP 417 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 048IQ UT WOS:000237941200014 ER PT J AU Hale, AL Farnham, MW Menz, MA AF Hale, AL Farnham, MW Menz, MA TI Use of PCR-based markers for differentiating elite broccoli inbreds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; SSR; AFLP; SRAP ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA L; SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENOME ANALYSIS; RAPD MARKERS; AFLP; RFLP; MAP; POPULATIONS AB Breeders of cole crops (Brassica oleracea L.) have an interest in utilizing current and emerging PCR-based marker systems to differentiate elite germplasm. However, until efficiency and cost-effectiveness are determined, most breeders are hesitant to change methods. In this study, our goal was to compare simple sequence repeat (SSR), amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP), and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker systems for their effectiveness in differentiating a diverse population of 24 elite broccoli (B. oleracea Italica Group) inbreds. Published SSR primer sequences for Brassica L. species were used along with AFLP and SRAP primer combinations. Several SSR primers failed to amplify DNA in the broccoli population, but all AFLP and SRAP primer combinations produced multiple bands. Twenty-nine percent of the SSR primers were monomorphic, while most of the remaining primers detected only one or two differences among inbreds. AFLP and SRAP methods produced multiple differences per primer in almost every case. Phenetic analysis revealed that the type of marker affected the classification of the genotypes. All three marker systems were able to successfully differentiate between the 24 elite inbreds, however, AFLPs and SRAPs were more efficient, making them better alternatives than SSRs over other established methods for fingerprinting B. oleracea inbreds. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hale, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3 BP 418 EP 423 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 048IQ UT WOS:000237941200015 ER PT J AU Beard, KH Pitt, WC AF Beard, KH Pitt, WC TI Potential predators of an invasive frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) in Hawaiian forests SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Bufo marinus; introduced mammals; invasive; Herpestes javanicus; Rattus exulans; Rattus rattus; stomach content C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 BP 345 EP 347 DI 10.1017/S0266467406003154 PN 3 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043FB UT WOS:000237584300012 ER PT J AU Hines, N Payeur, JB Hoffman, LJ AF Hines, N Payeur, JB Hoffman, LJ TI Comparison of the recovery of Mycobacterium bovis isolates using the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, BACTEC 460 system, and Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 solid media SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE BACTEC 460; MGIT 960; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ID TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; TB AB The BACTEC Microbacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system was evaluated to determine how it compares with the BACTEC 460 radiometric system and solid media for recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from tissue samples. A total of 506 bovine lymph node samples were collected from abattoirs in the United States and Mexico between November 2003 and September 2004. Processed samples were inoculated into an MGIT 960 tube, BACTEC 460 vial, and Middlebrook 7H10 and Middlebrook 7H11 solid media. Ziehl-Neelsen slides were prepared to check for contaminants and confirm the presence of acid-fast positive bacilli. Samples containing acid-fast bacilli were confirmed as members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by a nucleic acid assay. Niacin and nitrate biochemical tests were used to distinguish M. bovis from M. tuberculosis isolates. Statistical analyses were performed to compare recovery rate, mean time to detection, contamination rates, as well as pair-wise comparisons in each category. The results showed that the MGIT 960 system had a higher recovery rate of M. bovis (122/129) than did the BACTEC 460 (102/129) and solid media system (96/129). The average time to detection was 15.8 days for the MGIT 960 system, 28.2 days for the BACTEC 460 system, and 43.4 days for solid media. Contamination rates were 6.9% for the MGIT 960 system, 3.4% for the BACTEC 460 system, and 21.7% for solid media. These results indicate the MGIT 960 system can be used as an alternative to the BACTEC 460 system for recovering M. bovis from tissue samples. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Hines, N (reprint author), 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Nichole.L.Hines@aphis.usda.gov NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 049QL UT WOS:000238031400002 PM 16789711 ER PT J AU McCluskey, BJ Burgess, B Glover, J Kinde, H Hietala, S AF McCluskey, BJ Burgess, B Glover, J Kinde, H Hietala, S TI Use of sentinel chickens to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures in noncommercial poultry operations infected with exotic Newcastle disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE exotic Newcastle disease; sentinel chicken ID CALIFORNIA; INFLUENZA AB The use of sentinel chickens in establishing the negative status of commercial poultry flocks depopulated due to exotic Newcastle disease (END) is considered to be an economically beneficial process. However, the costs and benefits of using sentinel chickens in noncommercial operations are in question. The objective of this study was to use sentinel chickens to evaluate whether adequate cleaning and disinfection coupled with an appropriate time period without susceptible poultry species on the premises would eliminate END virus from a noncommercial poultry operation and preclude the need for placement of sentinels in previously infected operations before declaring them free of virus. Noncommercial poultry operations were selected from the 2002 to 2003 END outbreak database. Operations included in the study had one or more isolations of END virus (ENDV) from cloacal or oropharyngeal swabs of birds on the premises. A total of 546 birds were placed on 53 premises. All sentinel birds sampled after placements were negative by virus detection methods and serologic tests. Results of this study indicate that time and the application of appropriate cleaning and disinfection procedures will adequately mitigate the risk of viable virus persisting in noncommercial poultry operations. In the future, this information may eliminate the need for sentinel bird placement to ensure virus free status of premises before repopulation, thereby decreasing the costs of END eradication. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Anim Hlth & Food Safety Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, San Bernardino, CA 92412 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McCluskey, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 296 EP 299 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 049QL UT WOS:000238031400013 PM 16789722 ER PT J AU Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Delhon, G Lu, Z Viljoen, GJ Wallace, DB Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Afonso, C. L. Tulman, E. R. Delhon, G. Lu, Z. Viljoen, G. J. Wallace, D. B. Kutish, G. F. Rock, D. L. TI Genome of crocodilepox virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES ENTOMOPOXVIRUS; MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS; UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; F-BOX PROTEINS; VACCINIA VIRUS; DISEASE VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Here, we present the genome sequence, with analysis, of a poxvirus infecting Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) (crocodilepox virus; CRV). The genome is 190,054 bp (62% G+C) and predicted to contain 173 genes encoding proteins of 53 to 1,941 amino acids. The central genomic region contains genes conserved and generally colinear with those of other chordopoxviruses (ChPVs). CRV is distinct, as the terminal 33-kbp (left) and 13-kbp (right) genomic regions are largely CRV specific, containing 48 unique genes which lack similarity to other poxvirus genes. Notably, CRV also contains 14 unique genes which disrupt ChPV gene colinearity within the central genomic region, including 7 genes encoding GyrB-like ATPase domains similar to those in cellular type HA DNA topoisomerases, suggestive of novel ATP-dependent functions. The presence of 10 CRV proteins with similarity to components of cellular multisubunit E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, including 9 proteins containing F-box motifs and F-box-associated regions and a homologue of cellular anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 (Apc11), suggests that modification of host ubiquitination pathways may be significant for CRV-host cell interaction. CRV encodes a novel complement of proteins potentially involved in DNA replication, including a NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase and a protein with similarity to both vaccinia virus F16L and prokaryotic serine site-specific resolvase-invertases. CRV lacks genes encoding proteins for nucleotide metabolism. CRV shares notable genomic similarities with molluscum contagiosum virus, including genes found only in these two viruses. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CRV is quite distinct from other ChPVs, representing a new genus within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, and it lacks recognizable homologues of most ChPV genes involved in virulence and host range, including those involving interferon response, intracellular signaling, and host immune response modulation. These data reveal the unique nature of CRV and suggest mechanisms of virus-reptile host interaction. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. IAEA, Anim Prod & Hlth Sect, Joint FAO, Div Nucl Tech Food & Agr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Dept Appl Biotechnol, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Area Virol, Sch Vet Sci, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SPRL, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cafonso@seprl.usda.gov NR 129 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 80 IS 10 BP 4978 EP 4991 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.10.4978-4991.2006 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 041LK UT WOS:000237457500033 PM 16641289 ER PT J AU Matteo, M Randhir, T Bloniarz, D AF Matteo, M Randhir, T Bloniarz, D TI Watershed-scale impacts of forest buffers on water quality and runoff in urbanizing environment SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE watershed management; urbanization; water pollution; hydrology; simulation; geographic information systems; trees; runoff ID MANAGEMENT AB Forestry practices that are applied to buffer regions can be used as a strategy to improve water quality and flow regime in urbanizing watersheds. This study evaluates watershed-wide impacts of buffering urban forestry practices. Watershed simulation modeling is used to study the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) scenarios representing riparian and street buffers on water quality, quantity, and open space in rural, suburban, and urbanized environments. Results indicate that the watershed health can be improved through location-specific application of urban forestry practices. The proportion of urban forest cover reduced sediment and nutrient loading, decreased stormwater runoff, and increased groundwater recharge in urbanizing watersheds. Reduction in variability of watershed processes indicate that forest BMPs make the watershed more adaptive to handling adverse conditions, such as large storms, nonpoint source pollution, flooding, and high winds. Watersheds that are starting to get urbanized responded well to the BMP scenarios compared to more urbanized subbasins. General strategies include a focus on increasing pervious cover of the watershed with a higher priority in riparian and street buffers. Specific tree species and practical issues in forest buffering are also discussed. Policies like financial incentives and encouraging voluntary participation can be used to improve urban watersheds. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Massachusetts Watershed Coalit, Pure Water Stewardship Project, Leominster, MA USA. RP Randhir, T (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM randhir@forwild.umass.edu RI Randhir, Timothy/A-7145-2009 OI Randhir, Timothy/0000-0002-1084-9716 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 34 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:3(144) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 035WF UT WOS:000237031700003 ER PT J AU Nicholson, MC Bowyer, RT Kie, JG AF Nicholson, MC Bowyer, RT Kie, JG TI Forage selection by mule deer: does niche breadth increase with population density? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; density dependence; ideal-free distribution; dietary niche dynamics ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; IDEAL-FREE DISTRIBUTION; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; FECAL INDEXES; HABITAT USE; DIETARY QUALITY; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; MOUNTAIN LIONS; CRUDE PROTEIN AB Effects of population density of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus on forage selection were investigated by comparing diet characteristics of two subpopulations of deer in southern California, USA, that differed in population density during winter. Quality of diet for deer, as indexed by faecal crude protein, was higher at the low-density site than at the high-density site in winter, when deer densities were different. Quality of diet was similar in summer when both areas had comparable densities of deer. Both outcomes are consistent with predictions from density-dependent selection of diets by deer. Dietary niche breadth, however, differed in a manner opposite to predictions of niche theory based on diet selection under an ideal-free distribution. During winter, when differences in density between the two study sites were pronounced, niche breadth along the dietary axis in the low-density area was twice that of the high-density site. Generalist herbivores feeding primarily on low-quality browse at high population density in winter would be expected to increase their dietary breadth by feeding on additional species of plants as they depleted their food supply. Mule deer in our study, however, decreased the breadth of their dietary niche as population density increased. We hypothesize that by rapidly eliminating high-quality forages from an area by heavy grazing, deer at higher population densities narrowed their dietary niche. Theoretical models for changes in niche dimensions, including the ideal-free distribution, need to consider such empirical outcomes. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83221 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, La Grande, OR USA. RP Bowyer, RT (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83221 USA. EM bowyterr@isu.edu NR 84 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 269 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00051.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 029GM UT WOS:000236548900005 ER PT J AU Koch, VW AF Koch, V. Wensley TI Pain and distress: what really matters? SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Federal regulations mandate the minimization of both pain and distress in Laboratory animals. That no clear definition exists for 'distress' complicates its recognition, quantification, and alleviation. The author argues that IACUCs and investigators should shift their focus from pain to distress, and that in doing so both problems will be better dealt with. She discusses criteria for defining 'significant' distress, and offers suggestions for the conduct of studies to determine levels of distress. C1 USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Koch, VW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM vwkoch@hotmail.com NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1038/laban0506-27 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 070TF UT WOS:000239546400008 PM 16645613 ER PT J AU Champ, PA Bishop, RC AF Champ, PA Bishop, RC TI Is willingness to pay for a public good sensitive to the elicitation format? SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION; DICHOTOMOUS-CHOICE; PAYMENT CARD; DISCRETE; RESPONSES; BIAS AB This study uses actual payments toward the provision of a public good to compare dichotomous choice and payment card formats. The public good in question is the environmental improvement from wind generation of electric power. We find that willingness-to-pay estimates vary with the elicitation format. Based on this result, we argue that elicitation effects found in contingent valuation studies may not be due the hypothetical nature of decision-making, as has been suggested in previous studies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI USA. RP Champ, PA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 82 IS 2 BP 162 EP 173 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047GN UT WOS:000237867900003 ER PT J AU Hamer, TL Flather, CH Noon, BR AF Hamer, Tammy L. Flather, Curtis H. Noon, Barry R. TI Factors associated with grassland bird species richness: The relative roles of grassland area, landscape structure, and prey SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIC model-selection; Eastern Wyoming; grasshopper; habitat amount; habitat configuration; mark-recapture; matrix effects; Orthoptera; richness estimation; thematic mapper ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLAND; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BREEDING BIRDS; MATRIX MATTERS; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; PATTERN; MODELS AB The factors responsible for widespread declines of grassland birds in the United States are not well understood. This study, conducted in the short-grass prairie of eastern Wyoming, was designed to investigate the relationship between variation in habitat amount, landscape heterogeneity, prey resources, and spatial variation in grassland bird species richness. We estimated bird richness over a 5-year period (1994-1998) from 29 Breeding Bird Survey locations. Estimated bird richness was modeled as a function of landscape structure surrounding survey routes using satellite-based imagery (1996) and grasshopper density and richness, a potentially important prey of grassland birds. Model specification progressed from simple to complex explanations for spatial variation in bird richness. An information-theoretic approach was used to rank and select candidate models. Our best model included measurements of habitat amount, habitat arrangement, landscape matrix, and prey diversity. Grassland bird richness was positively associated with grassland habitat; was negatively associated with habitat dispersion; positively associated with edge habitats; negatively associated with landscape matrix attributes that may restrict movement of grassland bird; and positively related to grasshopper richness. Collectively, 62% of the spatial variation in grassland bird richness was accounted for by the model (adj-R-2 = 0.514). These results suggest that the distribution of grassland bird species is influenced by a complex mixture of factors that include habitat area affects, landscape pattern and composition, and the availability of prey. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hamer, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Tammy.Hamer@ColoState.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 74 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-2167-5 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 041WR UT WOS:000237487700009 ER PT J AU Vargas, RL Fallone, E Felgar, RE Friedberg, JW Arbini, AA Andersen, AA Rothberg, PG AF Vargas, RL Fallone, E Felgar, RE Friedberg, JW Arbini, AA Andersen, AA Rothberg, PG TI Is there an association between ocular adnexal lymphoma and infection with Chlamydia psittaci? The University of Rochester experience SO LEUKEMIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia psittaci; lymphoma; ocular adnexal lymphoma ID GASTRIC MALT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PNEUMONIAE; PCR AB Various subsets of extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT lymphomas) have been associated with infectious organisms. Most notable of these is the association of gastric MALT lymphomas with Helicobacter pylori infection. In a recent publication Ferreri et al. [Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, Ponzoni M, De Conciliis C, Dell'Oro S, Fleischhauer K. et al. Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:586-94] reported the presence of C. psittaci DNA in 80% of 40 ocular adnexal lymphomas. Similar to the gastric MALT lymphoma data, a subset of these patients responded well to antibiotic treatment. We analyzed a set of ocular adnexal lymphomas and benign (non-neoplastic) lesions for evidence of C. psittaci DNA in patients from New York State. No evidence of C. psittaci DNA was seen in seven MALT-type ocular adnexal lymphomas, four non-MALT ocular lymphomas, one Langerhans histiocytosis, and five reactive lymphoproliferations. We eliminated several possible reasons that would cause our study to fail to find C. psittaci DNA, including the presence of PCR inhibitors, inadequate template DNA, and sequence diversity in the target region in C. psittaci. The positive data were based primarily on patients from Italy, while our study involved only patients living in the Northeastern United States. This would suggest possible geographic differences in the etiology of ocular adnexal lymphomas. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, James P Wilmot Canc Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rothberg, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM paul_rothberg@urmc.rochester.edu OI Arbini, Arnaldo/0000-0003-0345-4174 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-102216] NR 17 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2126 J9 LEUKEMIA RES JI Leuk. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.09.012 PG 5 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 032NG UT WOS:000236780700008 PM 16246419 ER PT J AU Pittroff, W Keisler, DH Blackburn, HD AF Pittroff, W. Keisler, D. H. Blackburn, H. D. TI Effects of a high-protein, low-energy diet in finishing lambs: 1. Feed intake, estimated nutrient uptake, and levels of plasma metabolites and metabolic hormones SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; protein-energy ratio; body composition; catabolism; leptin ID FISH-MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; SHEEP; RUMEN; OUTFLOW; UNDERNUTRITION; RUMINANTS; INFUSION; FATNESS; LEPTIN AB Patterns of tissue mobilisation in ruminants are ill-understood. This hinders nutritional management to mitigate the effects of energy deprivation on protein mass, and nutritional regimens designed to change body composition. An experiment was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of a low-energy high-protein diet in growing lambs. Three diets (CON = concentrate diet ad libitum, STR = straw ad libitum, SFM = straw ad libitum plus 150 g/d fish meal) were fed to growing white-face lambs. Analysis of feed intake and metabolite data provided evidence that greater available N did not have a synergistic effect on intake of low quality forage. Metabolite and hormone profiles of lambs in negative energy balance, supplemented with duodenally available protein, revealed that SFM animals did not respond with an accelerated rate of fat mobilization or maintain protein mass due to available N. This was particularly evident from the leptin profiles, which indicated higher circulating leptin levels for SFM compared to STR animals. Further, the data revealed that in sheep fed below requirements for maintenance, leptin levels did not correspond with acute ME intake, whereas the opposite was true for well-fed animals. Conversely, the response of the GH/IGF-1 axis to high protein-energy ratio (PER) diets was indicative of effects not explained by the difference in energy provided by the two experimental diets. These results contrast with observations from intra-gastric infusion experiments testing similar PERs and previous conventional feeding trials and provide evidence of. (1) specific differences associated with PER in lambs fed via intra-gastric infusion vs. a conventional feeding approach, and (2) lack of usefulness of high PER diets in the post hoc modification of body composition of growing lambs. While positive N balance is known to occur in ruminants in negative energy balance, the determinants of relative proportions of muscle and adipose tissue catabolised under energy deprivation remain unknown. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Pittroff, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wpittroff@ucdavis.edu RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 262 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.11.018 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 048KI UT WOS:000237945600027 ER PT J AU Pittroff, W Keisler, DH Blackburn, HD AF Pittroff, W Keisler, DH Blackburn, HD TI Effects of a high-protein, low-energy diet in finishing lambs: 2. Weight change, organ mass, body composition, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue, and taste panel evaluation SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; body composition; carcass quality; leptin; escape protein ID INTRAGASTRIC INFUSION; METABOLIC-ACTIVITY; SHEEP; UNDERNUTRITION; RUMINANTS; LEVEL; QUALITY; FATNESS; GROWTH; STEERS AB An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high protein - low energy diet on body composition of feedlot lambs The objective was to assess the capability of such a diet to reduce body fat while preserving lean body mass. Three dietary regimens were compared: a typical feedlot diet (CON), barley straw at libitum (STR), and barley straw supplemented with fish meal (SFM). The latter two diets caused an energy deficit in the experimental animals. Significant treatment effects on mass of metabolic organs, body composition, and carcass data were observed. Conventional analysis of sensory data and fatty acid profiles of adipose and muscle tissue identified few significant dietary effects, yet discriminant analysis clearly separated all treatment groups. It was concluded that protein supplementation of ruminants in the catabolic state does not conserve protein mass. Given the high cost of protein supplementation, the post hoc modification of body composition of feedlot lambs is not a viable option. It is suggested that the production of feedlot lambs with a desirable degree of fatness should employ a feeding strategy dynamically adapted to the changes in protein - energy balance required by the growing ruminant. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Pittroff, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wpittroff@ucdavis.edu RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 278 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.11.019 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 048KI UT WOS:000237945600028 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Brown-Borg, HM AF Uthus, EO Brown-Borg, HM TI Methionine flux to trans sulfuration is enhanced in the long living Ames dwarf mouse SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Ames dwarf; methionine metabolism; real-time RT PCR; tracer ID GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAT-LIVER; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; MICE; ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; EXPRESSION; MAMMALS; INHIBITION AB Long-lived Ames dwarf mice lack growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone. Additionally the dwarf mice have enzyme activities and levels that combat oxidative stress more efficiently than those of normal mice. We have shown that methionine metabolism in Ames mice is markedly different than in their wild type littermates. In our previous work we hypothesized that the flux of methionine to the transsulfuration pathway is enhanced in the dwarf mice. The current study was designed to determine whether the flux of methionine to the transsulfuration pathway is increased. We did this by injecting either L-[methyl-H-3]-methionine or L-[S-35] -methionine into dwarf or normal mice and then determined retained label (in form of S-adenosylmethionine) 45 min later. The amount of retained hepatic 3 H and 35S label was significantly reduced in the dwarf mice; at 45 min the specific radioactivity of SAM (pCi/nmol SAM) was 56% lower (p < 0.05) for 3 H-label and 64% lower (p < 0.005) for S-35-label in dwarf than wild type mice. Retention of 35S was significantly lower in the brain (37%, p < 0.04) and kidney (47%, p < 0.02) of the dwarf compared to wild type mice; there was no statistical difference in retained 3 H-label in either brain or kidney. This suggests that both the methyl-moiety and the carbon chain of methionine are lost much faster in the dwarf compared to the wild type mouse, implying that both transmethylation in the liver and transsulfuration in the liver, brain, and kidney are increased in the dwarf mice. As further support, we determined by real-time RT PCR the expression of methionine metabolism genes in livers of mice. Compared to wild type, the Ames dwarf had increased expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (2.3-fold, p = 0.013), glycine N-methyltransferase (3.8-fold, p = 0.023), betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (5.5-fold, p = 0.0006), S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (3.8-fold, p = 0.0005), and cystathionase (2.6-fold; tended to be increased, p = 0.055). Methionine synthase expression was significantly decreased in dwarf compared to wild type (0.48-fold, p = 0.023). These results confirm that the flux of methionine to transsulfuration is enhanced in the Ames dwarf. This, along with data from previous studies support the hypothesis that altered methionine metabolism plays a significant role in the oxidative defense of the dwarf mouse and that the mechanism for the enhanced oxidative defense may be through altered GSH metabolism as a result of the distinctive methionine metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM euthus@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [R15 AG022909-01A1, R15 AG022909] NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 127 IS 5 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2006.01.001 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 037PY UT WOS:000237160400005 PM 16519922 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Penland, JG AF Lukaski, Henry C. Penland, James G. TI No Effect of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Body Weight/Composition of Women Fed Controlled Diets SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lukaski, Henry C.; Penland, James G.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S126 EP S126 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00583 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070800496 ER PT J AU Reid, KF Carabello, RJ Callahan, DM Phillips, EM Frontera, WR Fielding, RA AF Reid, Kieran F. Carabello, Robert J. Callahan, Damien M. Phillips, Edward M. Frontera, Walter R. Fielding, Roger A. TI Lower Extremity Peak Power Training in Elderly Subjects with Moderate Mobility Limitations: A Randomized Controlled Trial SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reid, Kieran F.; Carabello, Robert J.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Callahan, Damien M.] Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Phillips, Edward M.; Frontera, Walter R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. EM kieran.reid@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S334 EP S334 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01432 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802609 ER PT J AU Dorfman, SE Lichtenstein, AH AF Dorfman, SE Lichtenstein, AH TI Dietary fatty acids differentially modulate messenger RNA abundance of low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in Golden-Syrian hamsters SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; HYDROGENATED FATS; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; HDL CHOLESTEROL; DIFFERENT FORMS; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; LIVER AB Dietary fatty acids modulate plasma and intracellular cholesterol concentrations. Circulating non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nHDL-C) concentration is determined by rates of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion, and clearance of subsequent metabolic products. The effect of dietary fat (butter, traditional margarine, soybean oil, and canola oil) was assessed with respect to plasma lipids, hepatic lipid composition, and messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, 3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in the Golden-Syrian hamster (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA). Hamsters were fed with a nonpurified diet (6.25 fat g/100 g) with 0.1 g cholesterol/100 g (control diet) or control diet with an additional 10 g experimental fat/100 g for 12 weeks. Hamsters fed with the control diet, unsaturated fats (canola and soybean oils), and margarine, relative to butter, had significantly lower total cholesterol and nHDL-C and triglyceride concentrations. Additional dietary fat, regardless of fatty acid profile, resulted in higher hepatic cholesterol concentrations. In contrast, relative to the control diet-, butter-, or margarine-fed hamsters, these changes were associated with a 4- and 8-fold higher LDL receptor and 5- and 9-fold higher SREBP mRNA abundance, in hamsters fed with canola and soybean oils, respectively. MTP mRNA, a marker of very low-density lipoprotein particle formation; was higher in canola- and soybean oil-fed hamsters relative to the control diet-fed hamsters, although differences were modest. These results suggest that the substitution of canola and soybean oils for butter results in lower nHDL-C concentrations that may be related to increased mRNA abundance of the LDL receptor, SREBP-2, and MTP genes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1 T32 HL69772-01A1, HL 54727, T32 HL069772]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK62032-11] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 55 IS 5 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.12.005 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 040SM UT WOS:000237400700012 PM 16631440 ER PT J AU Norimine, J Ruef, BJ Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Herndon, DR Rice-Ficht, AC Brown, WC AF Norimine, J Ruef, BJ Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Herndon, DR Rice-Ficht, AC Brown, WC TI A novel 78-kDa fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS1) of Babesia bovis stimulates memory CD4(+) T lymphocyte responses in B-bovis-immune cattle SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; ACS; T lymphocytes ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; SPHERICAL BODY PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MEROZOITE PROTEIN; CELL EPITOPES; NITRIC-OXIDE; SURFACE; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNODOMINANT AB Antigen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte responses contribute to protective immunity against Babesia bovis, however the antigens that induce these responses remain largely unknown. A proteomic approach was used to identify novel B. bovis antigens recognized by memory CD4(+) T cells from immune cattle. Fractions obtained from merozoites separated by continuous-flow electrophoresis (CFE) that contained proteins ranging from 20 to 83 kDa were previously shown to stimulate memory CD4(+), lymphocyte responses in B. bovis-immune cattle. Expression library screening with rabbit antiserum raised against an immunostimulatory CFE fraction identified a clone encoding a predicted 78 kDa protein. BLAST analysis revealed sequence identity of this B. bovis protein with Plasmodium falciparum fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS) family members (PfACS 1-PfACS 11), and the protein was designated B. bovis acyl-CoA synthetase I (ACS 1). Southern blot analysis indicated that B. bovis ACS I is encoded by a single gene, although BLAST analysis of the preliminary B. bovis genome sequence identified two additional family members, ACS2 and ACS3. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and CD4(+) T cell lines from B. bovis-immune cattle proliferated significantly against recombinant ACS I protein, consistent with its predicted involvement in protective immunity. However, immune sera from cattle recovered from B. bovis infection did not react with ACS 1, indicating that epitopes may be conformationally dependent. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Biochem & Genet, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM wbrown@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Ruef, Barbara/0000-0001-8690-979X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30136] NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.01.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 038QY UT WOS:000237239300003 PM 16469396 ER PT J AU Grzebelus, D Yau, YY Simon, PW AF Grzebelus, Dariusz Yau, Yuan-Yeu Simon, Philipp W. TI Master: a novel family of PIF/Harbinger-like transposable elements identified in carrot (Daucus carota L.) SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Apiaceae; Medicago truncatula; MITE; Krak; transposase; terminal inverted repeat ID CHALCONE SYNTHASE GENE; DNA; SUPERFAMILY; MARKERS; MAIZE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; PARSLEY; DISPLAY; ROOTS AB Members of a novel Master family of class II transposons were identified in the carrot genome. Two elements, 2.5 kb long DcMaster1 and 4.4 kb long DcMaster-a, are characterized by 22 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats and by 3 bp target site duplications. GenBank search revealed that related elements are also present in Medicago truncatula, including a 5.1 kb element MtMaster-a. Both DcMaster-a and MtMaster-a contain open reading frames encoding for putative transposases with the complete DDE domain typical for plant class II transposable elements belonging to PIF/Harbinger superfamily, where the Master elements form a distinct group. Less than 10 copies of the DcMaster element containing the DDE domain are present in genomes of carrot and other Apiaceae, but more copies with internal deletions or insertions may occur. DcMaster elements were associated with putative coding regions in 8 of 14 identified insertion sites. PCR amplification of carrot genomic DNA using a primer complementary to TIRs of DcMaster gave products < 400 bp in size. We speculate that these may all represent a MITE-like family of transposable elements that we named Krak, present in the carrot genome in at least 3,600 copies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Univ Krakow, Dept Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu RI Grzebelus, Dariusz/I-8832-2014 OI Grzebelus, Dariusz/0000-0001-6999-913X NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 275 IS 5 BP 450 EP 459 DI 10.1007/s00438-006-0102-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 042CK UT WOS:000237504600004 PM 16482474 ER PT J AU Frelichowski, JE Palmer, MB Main, D Tomkins, JP Cantrell, RG Stelly, DM Yu, J Kohel, RJ Ulloa, M AF Frelichowski, JE Palmer, MB Main, D Tomkins, JP Cantrell, RG Stelly, DM Yu, J Kohel, RJ Ulloa, M TI Cotton genome mapping with new microsatellites from Acala 'Maxxa' BAC-ends SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeat (SSR); bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC); BAC-end sequencing; genetic mapping; quantitative trait loci (QTL); fine mapping; molecular tagging ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; POLYPLOID FORMATION; RESISTANCE GENES; CELL ELONGATION; FIBER QUALITY AB Fine mapping and positional cloning will eventually improve with the anchoring of additional markers derived from genomic clones such as BACs. From 2,603 new BAC-end genomic sequences from Gossypium hirsutum Acala 'Maxxa', 1,316 PCR primer pairs (designated as MUSB) were designed to flank microsatellite or simple sequence repeat motif sequences. Most (1164 or 88%) MUSB primer pairs successfully amplified DNA from three species of cotton with an average of three amplicons per marker and 365 markers (21%) were polymorphic between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. An interspecific RIL population developed from the above two entries was used to map 433 marker loci and 46 linkage groups with a genetic distance of 2,126.3 cM covering approximately 45% of the cotton genome and an average distance between two loci of 4.9 cM. Based on genome-specific chromosomes identified in G. hirsutum tetraploid (A and D), 56.9% of the coverage was located on the A subgenome while 39.7% was assigned to the D subgenome in the genetic map, suggesting that the A subgenome may be more polymorphic and recombinationally active than originally thought. The linkage groups were assigned to 23 of the 26 chromosomes. This is the first genetic map in which the linkage groups A01 and A02/D03 have been assigned to specific chromosomes. In addition the MUSB-derived markers from BAC-end sequences markers allows fine genetic and QTL mapping of important traits and for the first time provides reconciliation of the genetic and physical maps. Limited QTL analyses suggested that loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 12, 15 and 18 may affect variation in fiber quality traits. The original BAC clones containing the newly mapped MUSB that tag the QTLs provide critical DNA regions for the discovery of gene sequences involved in biological processes such as fiber development and pest resistance in cotton. C1 USDA ARS, WICS Res Unit, Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mulloa@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 71 TC 82 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 275 IS 5 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s00438-006-0106-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 042CK UT WOS:000237504600007 PM 16501995 ER PT J AU Halterman, DA Wise, RP AF Halterman, DA Wise, RP TI Upstream open reading frames of the barley Mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene function co-operatively to down-regulate translation SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT; NBS-LRR GENE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION SYSTEM; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNAS; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; BLAST RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; RAR1 AB To protect themselves against pathogen infection, plants have evolved multifarious defence mechanisms that include the production of antimicrobial compounds and hypersensitive cell death. This defence includes the regulation of expression of resistance proteins, which function to detect pathogen effectors and control the response. Barley Mla is one of several Ml genes that confer specific resistance to the powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. The Mla13 allele contains a long (523 nt) transcript leader region with three upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and two alternatively spliced introns. The lengths of the Mla13 uORFs, which encode up to 70 amino acid peptides, are directly influenced by the splicing of these introns. We have used in vivo and in vitro translation assays to show that Mla13 uORFs function co-operatively to down-regulate translation of the parent cistron up to 13-fold. However, resistance conferred by constitutively transcribed Mla appears to be unaffected by removal of these uORFs, signifying that a potential increase in MLA13 protein is innocuous to barley cells. In addition, cells that possess a predicted increase in MLA13 translation via over-expression and uORF mutation retain their requirement for RAR1, suggesting that this increase is not sufficient to overcome the concentration threshold required for activation of RAR1-independent resistance. C1 USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu RI Halterman, Dennis/A-7630-2009 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2006.00329.X PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 036ID UT WOS:000237063900003 PM 20507437 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Kim, MS Matsuda-Minehata, F Ishida, S Iizuka, M Suzuki, M Chang, KT Echternkamp, SE Christenson, RK AF Imakawa, K Kim, MS Matsuda-Minehata, F Ishida, S Iizuka, M Suzuki, M Chang, KT Echternkamp, SE Christenson, RK TI Regulation of the ovine interferon-tau gene by a blastocyst-speciflic transcription factor, Cdx2 SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE interferon-tau; Cdx2; JEG3; NIH3T3; trophectoderm; ovine ID TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; EARLY-PREGNANCY; MOUSE EMBRYO; EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES; ALPHA-INTERFERONS; GROWTH-FACTORS; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; SHEEP; CONCEPTUS AB Expression of ovine interferon-tau (oIFN tau), a factor essential for the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminant ungulates, is restricted to the trophoblast. However, the molecular mechanisms by which olFN tau expression is restricted to the trophectoderm have not been fully elucidated, The objective of this study was to determine whether oIFN tau gene transcription could be regulated through Cdx2 expression, a transcription factor implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. Human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells were co-transfected with an oIFN tau (-654 base pair, bp)-luciferase reporter (-654-oIFN tau-Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. Compared to -654-oIFN tau-Luc alone, transcription of the -654oIFN tau-Luc increased more than 30 times when this construct was co-transfected with Cdx2, Ets-2, and c-jun. The degree of transcription decreased to 1/4 levels when the upstream region was reduced to -551 bp, and became minimal with further deletions; this was confirmed with the use of the reporter constructs with mutated c-jun, Ets-2, and/or Cdx2 sites. In trophoblast unrelated NIH3T3 cells, which do not support IFN tau gene transcription, the olFN tau-Luc transcription was enhanced approximately eightfold when the cells were co-transfected with the Cdx2/Ets-2 or Cdx2/Ets-2/c-jun expression plasmids. These findings were confirmed by gel-shift assays examining Cdx binding site on the oIFN tau gene's upstream region, by immunohistochemical study identifying the presence of Cdx2 in day 15 and 17 ovine conceptuses, and by Western blot detecting Cdx2 in day 17 conceptuses. Our results indicate that oIFN tau gene transcription is regulated by Cdx2, and suggest that Cdx2 could be a key molecule in determining oIFN tau gene transcription by the trophectoderm. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon, South Korea. USDA ARS, Res Reprod Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM akaz@mail.ece.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 42 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1002/mrd.20457 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 028RW UT WOS:000236507200004 PM 16489630 ER PT J AU Englander, L Browning, M Tooley, PW AF Englander, Larry Browning, Marsha Tooley, Paul W. TI Growth and sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum in vitro in response to temperature and light SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE near-UV radiation; sudden oak death; visible radiation ID NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; SUDDEN OAK DEATH; CHLAMYDOSPORE PRODUCTION; SP NOV.; CALIFORNIA; PATHOGEN; RADIATION; RHODODENDRON; SPORANGIUM; CINNAMOMI AB Phytophthora ramorum, recently found in the US, is causing concern for hardwood forests and the nursery industry. In an effort to identify some of the environmental limitations to growth and sporulation we undertook a laboratory study of four US and three European (EU) isolates. On V8 media, isolates grew when incubated at 2-28 C and produced chlamydospores at 8-28 C. Sporangia were produced at all temperatures tested: 10-30 C for US isolates and 6-26 C for EU isolates. Optimal temperatures were 16-26 C for growth, 14-26 C for chlamydospore production and 16-22 C for sporangia production. US isolates grew less and produced fewer spores when exposed to increasing doses of near-UV radiation (50-300,W/CM2) and visible radiation (250-1500 RW/CM2). EU isolates were exposed to 300 tW/CM2 near-UV only, which significantly reduced growth of one of three isolates and had no significant effect on spore production. In our studies P. ramorum tolerated a broad range of temperature and light conditions, which suggests that it is capable of establishment in a wide geographic area. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM tooley@ncifcrf.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.3.365 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 089XR UT WOS:000240915700001 PM 17040065 ER PT J AU Izzo, A Nguyen, DT Bruns, TD AF Izzo, Antonio Nguyen, Diem Thi Bruns, Thomas D. TI Spatial structure and richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing bioassay seedlings from resistant propagules in a Sierra Nevada forest: comparisons using two hosts that exhibit different seedling establishment patterns SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Pinus jeffreyi; sclerotia; Sierra Nevada; spore ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PINUS-MURICATA; MATURE TREES; SOIL; SPECIFICITY; DIVERSITY; RHIZOPOGON; SUCCESSION AB In this study we analyzed the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi present in the soils as resistant propagules (e.g. spores or sclerotia) in a mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California. Soils were collected under old-growth Abies spp. stands across approximately I km and bioassayed with seedlings of hosts that establish best in stronger light (Pinus jeffreyi) or that are shade-tolcrant (Abies concolor). Ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing the roots were characterized with molecular techniques (ITS-RFLP and DNA sequence analysis). Wilcoxina, five Rhizopogon species and Cenococcum were the most frequent of 17 detected species. No spatial structure was detected in the resistant propagule community as a whole, but P. jeffreyi seedlings had higher species richness and associated with seven Rhizopogon species that were not detected on A. concolor seedlings. We drew two conclusions from comparisons between this study and a prior study of the ectomycorrhizal community on mature trees in the same forest: (i) the resistant propagule community was considerably simpler and more homogeneous than the active resident community across the forest and (ii) Cenococcum, and Wilcoxina species are abundant in both communities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Izzo, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM Izzo@tfrl.ars.usda.gov RI Nguyen, Diem/F-2987-2016 OI Nguyen, Diem/0000-0002-9680-5772 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.3.374 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 089XR UT WOS:000240915700002 PM 17040066 ER PT J AU Lapointe, A Balk, EM Lichtenstein, AH AF Lapointe, A Balk, EM Lichtenstein, AH TI Gender differences in plasma lipid response to dietary fat SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease risk; cholesterol; dietary fat; female; high-density lipoprotein; low-density lipoprotein; low-fat diet; male; monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids; trans fatty acids; triacylglycerol ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PALMITIC ACID; SERUM-LIPIDS; HEALTHY WOMEN; MYRISTIC ACID; BLOOD-LIPIDS; STEARIC-ACID; FOLLOW-UP; MEN AB The relationship between type of dietary fat, cardiovascular disease risk, and lipid/lipoprotein profiles has been studied since the early 1900s. For the most part, observational data from international comparisons, migration studies, and prospective studies have identified a positive relationship between saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, although in the latter case these observations were attenuated and in some cases became non-significant after adjusting for other dietary factors. Data from large-scale primary and secondary intervention studies support a positive relationship between CHD and SFA. The majority of data available were derived from male subjects, and if female subjects were included, few studies assessed the effect of gender on responsiveness. Recent evidence has emerged suggesting that females respond differently to diet with respect to CHD progression. This review discusses controlled clinical intervention studies that included data for both genders and their responses to dietary fat perturbations and lipoprotein profiles. The scope was limited for the most part to reports that included identifiers in the title or abstract that indicated data for female and male subjects were reported separately, although a statistical comparison between the genders may not have been reported. Overall, whether the studies assessed the effect of the ratio of SFA to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), SFA to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), MUFA to PUFA, individual SFA, or SFA to trans fatty acids, female and male subjects responded similarly, and when differences were identified there was no consistent pattern. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRC, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Ctr Clin Evidence Synth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRC, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54727, HL 4388] NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 64 IS 5 BP 234 EP 249 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.may.234-249 PN 1 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 048IV UT WOS:000237941700003 PM 16770944 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Bjornstad, ON Liebhold, AM AF Johnson, DM Bjornstad, ON Liebhold, AM TI Landscape mosaic induces traveling waves of insect outbreaks SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE connectivity; epicenter hypothesis; larch budmoth; spatial model; synchrony; Zeiraphera diniana ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-CYCLES; SPATIAL ASYNCHRONY; PERIODIC-WAVES; LARCH BUDMOTH; 10-YEAR CYCLE; DYNAMICS; SCALE; ENVIRONMENTS AB The effect of landscape mosaic on recurrent traveling waves in spatial population dynamics was studied via simulation modeling across a theoretical landscape with varying levels of connectivity. Phase angle analysis was used to identify locations of wave epicenters on patchy landscapes. Simulations of a tri-trophic model of the larch budmoth (Zeiraphera diniana) with cyclic population dynamics on landscapes with a single focus of high-density habitat produced traveling waves generally radiating outwardly from single and multiple foci and spreading to isolated habitats. We have proposed two hypotheses for this result: (1) immigration subsidies inflate population growth rates in the high connectivity habitat and, thus, reduce the time from valleys to peaks in population cycles; (2) populations in the high connectivity habitat crash from peaks to valleys faster than in an isolated habitat due to over-compensatory density dependence. While population growth rates in the high connectivity habitat benefitted from immigration subsidies, times from population valleys to peaks were greater in high connectivity habitat due to a greater magnitude of fluctuations. Conversely, the mean time of the crash from population peaks to valleys was shorter in high connectivity habitat, supporting the second hypothesis. Results of this study suggest over-compensatory density dependence as an underlying mechanism for recurrent traveling waves originating in high connectivity habitats aggregated around a single focus. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM derekjohnson@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 148 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0349-0 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034ZF UT WOS:000236968700006 PM 16425043 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS Uowolo, AL Hughes, RF AF Denslow, JS Uowolo, AL Hughes, RF TI Limitations to seedling establishment in a mesic Hawaiian forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Acacia koa; dispersal limitation; grass; invasive species; Metrosideros polymorpha ID SEASONAL SUBMONTANE ZONE; PUERTO-RICO; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; HETEROPOGON-CONTORTUS; PENNISETUM-SETACEUM; TROPICAL FOREST; EXOTIC GRASSES; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; DRY FOREST AB While invasive species may be visible indicators of plant community degradation, they may not constitute the only, or even the primary, limitation to stand regeneration. We used seed-augmentation and grass-removal experiments under different canopy conditions to assess the relative importance of dispersal limitation, resource availability, and competition on seedling establishment in the understory shrubs Sophora chrysophilla, Dodonea viscosa, and Pipturus albidus in a montane mesic forest in Hawaii. The study location was an Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha forest at 1000-1500 m elevation on the leeward side of Hawaii Island; it is a closed-canopy forest historically subject to logging and grazing by cattle and sheep and currently dominated by the exotic grass, Ehrharta stipoides, in the herb layer. Seedling establishment after 1 and 2 years was strongly dispersal limited in Sophora and Dodonea, but not in Acacia, a non-augmented species in which abundant seedlings established, nor in Pipterus, in which only one seedling established in 2 years. Grass cover reduced seedling establishment in Acacia, Sophora, and Dodonea and, for the latter two species, seedling establishment was substantially greater in the warmer, more moist forest at the lowest elevation. Light, moisture, and resin-captured N and P were more strongly affected by elevation and canopy composition than by grass cover, but in most cases seedling establishment was not positively correlated with resource availability. Limitations to the establishment of woody seedlings in this forest-grassland mixture vary among species; however, both dispersal limitation and competition from a shade-tolerant grass are important deterrents to regeneration in these forests. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 148 IS 1 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0342-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034ZF UT WOS:000236968700013 PM 16450179 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ Derner, JD Johnson, HB Sanabria, J AF Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ Derner, JD Johnson, HB Sanabria, J TI Early-successional plants regulate grassland productivity and species composition: a removal experiment SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; C-3/C-4 GRASSLAND; COMMON BROOMWEED; CLIMATIC FACTORS; CO2 GRADIENT; DIVERSITY; COMPETITION; SUBAMBIENT; BIODIVERSITY; ORGANIZATION AB Grime's (1998) "mass-ratio" hypothesis holds that ecosystem processes depend in the short term on functional properties of dominant plants and in the longer term on how resident species influence the recruitment of dominants. The latter of these effects may be especially important among early-successional species in disturbed ecosystems, but experimental tests are few. We removed two groups of early-successional species, an annual forb Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) S. F. Blake and annual species (mostly grasses) that complete growth early in the growing season [early-season (ES) species], from a heavily-grazed grassland in central Texas, USA dominated by a C-4 perennial grass. We sought to determine effects of annuals on grassland functioning [productivity, water balance, soil and plant nitrogen (N)] and composition. Removals did not impact N retention in the soil/plant system during the two years of this study, but removing ES annuals increased the amount of water between 30 and 120 cm in the soil profile early in each growing season. Production and N accumulation by vegetation declined following the removal of ES annuals in approximate proportion to the contribution of annuals to aboveground biomass and N, consistent with the mass-ratio hypothesis. By the second year, production and N uptake by initially sub-dominant species increased to fully compensate for the loss of annuals. These results are consistent with the view that ecosystem functions are more strongly linked to species attributes than to diversity per se. Longer-term effects of annuals on grassland composition were evident in a dramatic increase in biomass of perennial forbs after annuals were removed. Because perennial forbs differ from the dominant grass in this grassland in traits that influence ecosystem functioning, ES annuals may affect grassland functioning more by regulating the composition of vegetation than by directly affecting process rates. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAY PY 2006 VL 113 IS 2 BP 287 EP 295 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044EO UT WOS:000237655400010 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Storset, AK Johnson, WC Brown, WC AF Goff, WL Storset, AK Johnson, WC Brown, WC TI Bovine splenic NK cells synthesize IFN-gamma in response to IL-12-containing supernatants from Babesia bovis-exposed monocyte cultures SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia; bovine; IFN-gamma; innate immunity; NK cells; regulatory cytokines ID INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; NATURAL-KILLER; IN-VITRO; DENDRITIC CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES AB The spleen is a critical effector organ functioning, in haemoparasitic diseases like babesiosis, to destroy the pathogen and clear the host of infected erythrocytes. It has an important role in both innate responses and adaptive immune responses. Young calves demonstrate a strong spleen-dependent innate response to an initial infection with Babesia bovis involving the type-1 regulating cytokines IL-12 and IFN-gamma. However, the specific splenic cell types that produce IFN-gamma in response to infection and the cellular factors that regulate the induction have not been fully determined. Splenic NKp46(+) NK cells were identified and purified. They consisted of CD3(-), CD2(+/-), and CD8(+/-) populations. NK cells responded to exogenous IL-12 and IL-18 with the production of IFN-gamma. Functionally, IL-18 served as a potent co-stimulant with IL-12 for IFN-gamma production. Finally, innate IFN-gamma production was induced in splenic NK cells in the presence of supernatants from B. bovis merozoite-exposed monocytes in an IL-12 pathway-dependent manner. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Oslo, Norway. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wgoff@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 28 IS 5 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00830.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 031XO UT WOS:000236738700007 PM 16629708 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MR Carzaniga, R Cotter, HVT O'Connell, R Hollomon, D AF Schmitt, MR Carzaniga, R Cotter, HVT O'Connell, R Hollomon, D TI Microscopy reveals disease control through novel effects on fungal development: a case study with an early-generation benzophenone fungicide SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microscopy; mechanism of action; mode of action; powdery mildew; benzophenone; fungicide; Blumeria; Aspergillus ID BARLEY POWDERY MILDEW; GRAMINIS F.SP HORDEI; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; HYPHAL GROWTH; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION AB The benzophenones are a new class of agricultural fungicides that demonstrate protectant, curative and eradicative/antisporulant activity against powdery mildews. The chemistry is represented in the marketplace by the fungicide metrafenone, recently introduced by BASF and discussed in the following paper. The benzophenones show no evidence of acting by previously identified biochemical mechanisms, nor do they show cross-resistance with existing fungicides. The value of microscopy in elucidating fungicide mode of action is demonstrated through identification of the effects of an early benzophenone, eBZO, on mildew development. eBZO caused profound alterations in the morphology of powdery mildews of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, affecting multiple stages of fungal development, including spore germination, appressorial formation, penetration, surface hyphal morphology and sporogenesis. Identification of analogous effects of eBZO on sporulation in the model organism Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter provides a unique opportunity to elucidate important morphogenetic regulatory sites in the economically important obligate pathogens, the powdery mildews. Benzophenones provide a further example of the benefits of whole-organism testing in the search for novel fungicide modes of action. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. BASF, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50892 Cologne, Germany. Univ Bristol, Dept Biochem, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. RP Schmitt, MR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM markschmitt@wisc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 62 IS 5 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1002/ps.1177 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 040ES UT WOS:000237362400002 PM 16602068 ER PT J AU Greenberg, JA Dobrowski, SZ Ramirez, CM Tuil, JL Ustin, SL AF Greenberg, JA Dobrowski, SZ Ramirez, CM Tuil, JL Ustin, SL TI A bottom-up approach to vegetation mapping of the Lake Tahoe Basin using hyperspatial image analysis SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MULTIRESOLUTION; MAPS AB Increasing demands on the accuracy and thematic resolution of vegetation community maps from remote sensing imagery has created a need Jar novel image analysis techniques. We present a case study for vegetation mapping of the Lake Tahoe Basin which fulfills many of the requirements of the Federal Geographic Data Committee base-level mapping (FGDC. 1997) by using hyperspatial Ikonos imagery analtyzed with a fusion of pixel-based species classification, automated image segmentation techniques to define vegetation patch boundaries, and vegetation community classification using querying of the species classification raster based on existing and novel rulesets. This technique led to accurate FGDC physiognomic classes. Floristic classes such as dominance type remain somewhat problematic due to inaccurate species classification results. Vegetation, tree and shrub cover estimates (FGDC required attributes) were determined accurately. We discuss strategies and challenges to vegetation community mapping in the context of standards currently being advanced for thematic attributes and accuracy requirements. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Davis, CALSPACE, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, McClellan, CA 95652 USA. RP Greenberg, JA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jgreenberg@arc.nasa.gov OI Greenberg, Jonathan/0000-0001-8435-9077 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 581 EP 589 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 042CI UT WOS:000237504400009 ER PT J AU Gong, P Wu, GS Ort, DR AF Gong, P Wu, GS Ort, DR TI Slow dark deactivation of Arabidopsis chloroplast ATP synthase caused by a mutation in a nonplastidic SAC domain protein SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ATP synthase; SAC ID COUPLING FACTOR REDUCTION; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE PHOSPHATASE; WATER POTENTIALS; MEMBRANE; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; LEAVES; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENERGIZATION AB Coupling factor slow recovery (cfs) is a recessive mutant of Arabidopsis with anomalous ATP synthase activation/deactivation characteristics as well as a distinct growth phenotype. The most significant feature of this mutant is that the dark-adapted deactivation of ATP synthase is a very slow relative to the wild type, indicating interference with ATP synthase regulation. Physical mapping of the mutation delimited it to a region in a pair of bacterial artificial chromosome clones. Examination of T-DNA insertion lines of all 34 putative genes located in this region identified two homozygous T-DNA insertion lines of the same gene, At3g59770, possessing phenotypes indistinguishable from the cfs mutant. At3g59770 had been previously identified as suppressor of actin 9 (SAC9), a protein with a SAC domain, a protein-protein interaction module containing two conserved tryptophans known as a WW domain, and an ATP/GTP-binding site motif A. Sequence analysis of cfs revealed a point mutation of G to A resulting in an amino acid substitution from tryptophan to STOP, thereby coding a truncated protein. Real-time-PCR amplification of the gene specific fragments showed that the T-DNA mutants did not have full-length transcripts whereas the cfs mutant transcribed a full-length mutated transcript. Further investigation of SAC9 RNA expression levels in different tissues of wild-type plants by RT-PCR revealed the highest expression in leaves. SAC 9 dysfunction interferes with ATP synthase deactivation, possibly by an alteration in phosphoinositide signaling inducing a stress mimicry response. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr,190 ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s11120-006-9041-4 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 051HH UT WOS:000238151700004 PM 16453058 ER PT J AU Wang, DF Portis, AR AF Wang, DF Portis, AR TI Two conserved tryptophan residues are responsible for intrinsic fluorescence enhancement in Rubisco activase upon ATP binding SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AAA(+) protein; ATP binding/hydrolysis; intrinsic fluorescence; Rubisco activase; tryptophan ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RECOGNITION; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLYSIS; COMPLEXES; SUBSTRATE; CHAPERONE; ATPASES; AAA(+) AB Two species-invariant tryptophan residues at positions 109 and 250 of tobacco Rubisco activase were identified by site-directed mutagenesis as being responsible for the increase in intrinsic fluorescence upon addition of ATP, which has been previously attributed to increased self-association. Substitution of W109, which is immediately prior to a 'P-loop' sequence in the ATP catalytic motif, with aromatic residues (Tyr or Phe), Cys or Lys eliminated both ATP hydrolysis and the intrinsic fluorescence enhancement. Although the W109 mutants bound ATP, ATP did not provide a partial protection against proteolysis by trypsin that was observed with the recombinant wild-type enzyme. In contrast, substitution of W250 with Tyr or Phe abolished about half (44%) of the increase in intrinsic fluorescence with ATP, but had little effect on ATP hydrolysis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activation or proteolytic protection with ATP. The substitution of the other tryptophan residues, W16 and W305, with phenylalanine did not significantly alter the change in intrinsic fluorescence upon addition of ATP. Therefore, W109 and W250 are the residues reporting the conformational change that increases the intrinsic fluorescence. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11120-006-9051-2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 051HH UT WOS:000238151700008 PM 16761180 ER PT J AU Schoelz, JE Wiggins, BE Wintermantel, WM Ross, K AF Schoelz, JE Wiggins, BE Wintermantel, WM Ross, K TI Introgression of a tombusvirus resistance locus from Nicotiana edwardsonii var. Columbia to N-clevelandii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUSHY STUNT VIRUS; CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC-VIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; COMPARATIVE GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TOMATO; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; PROTEIN; TOBACCO AB A new variety of Nicotiana, N. edwardsonii var. Columbia, was evaluated for its capacity to serve as a new Source for virus resistance genes. Columbia was developed from a hybridization between N. glutinosa and N. clevelandii, the same parents used for the formation of the original N. edwardsonii. However, in contrast to the original N. edwardsonii, crosses between Columbia and either of its parents are fertile. Thus, the inheritance of virus resistance genes present in N. glutinosa Could be characterized by using Columbia as a bridge plant in crosses with the susceptible parent, N. clevelandii. To determine how virus resistance genes would segregate in interspecific crosses between Columbia and N. cleve-landii, we followed the fate of the N gene. a single dominant gene that specifies resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Our genetic evidence indicated that the entire chromosome containing the N gene was introgressed into N. clevelandii to create an addition line, designated N. clevelandii line 19. Although line 19 was homozygous for resistance to TMV, it remained susceptible to Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) strain W260, indicating that resistance to these viruses must reside on other N. glutinosa chromosomes. We also developed a second addition line. N. clevelandii line 36, which was homozygous for resistance to TBSV. Line 36 was susceptible to TMV and CaMV strain W260, but was resistant to other tombusviruses, including Cucumber necrosis virus. Cymbidium ringspot virus. Lettuce necrotic stunt virus, and Carnation Italian ringspot virus. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Program Plant Microbiol & Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schoelz, JE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Program Plant Microbiol & Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM schoelzj@missouri.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0453 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035MC UT WOS:000237004400004 PM 18944304 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Hammond, J Gera, A Maroon-Lango, CJ Sobolev, I Harness, A Zeidan, M Spiegel, S AF Adkins, S Hammond, J Gera, A Maroon-Lango, CJ Sobolev, I Harness, A Zeidan, M Spiegel, S TI Biological and molecular characterization of a novel carmovirus isolated from angelonia SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host range; purification; serology ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; IMPROVED PURIFICATION; FAMILY TOMBUSVIRIDAE; GENOME ORGANIZATION; PLANT-VIRUSES; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ALIGNMENT AB A new carmovirus was isolated from Angelonia plants (Angelonia angustifolia), with flower break and mild foliar symptoms, grown in the United States and Israel. The virus, for which the name Angelonia flower break virus (AnFBV) is proposed, has isometric particles, approximate to 30 nm in diameter. The experimental host range was limited to Nicotiana species, Schizanthus pinnatus, Myosotis sylvatica, Phlox drummondii, and Digitalis purpurea. Virions were isolated from systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves, and directly from naturally infected Angelonia leaves, using typical carmovirus protocols. Koch's postulates were completed by mechanical inoculation of uninfected Angelonia seedlings with purified virions. Isometric particles were observed in leaf dips and virion preparations from both Angelonia and N. benthamiana, and in thin sections of Angelonia flower tissue by electron microscopy. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of dissociated purified virus preparations, a major protein component with a molecular mass of 38 kDa was observed. Virion preparations were used to produce virus-specific polyclonal antisera in both Israel and the United States. The antisera did not react with Pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), Carnation mottle virus (CarMV), or Saguaro cactus virus (SgCV) by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoblotting. In reciprocal tests. antisera against PFBV, CarMV, and SgCV reacted only with the homologous viruses. The complete nucleotide sequence of a Florida isolate of AnFBV and the coat protein (CP) gene sequences of Israeli and Maryland isolates were determined. The genomic RNA is 3,964 nucleotides and contains four open reading frames arranged in a manner typical of carmoviruses. The AnFBV CP is most closely related to PFBV, whereas the AnFBV replicase is most closely related to PFBV, CarMV. and SgCV. Particle morphology, serological properties, genome organization, and phylogenetic analysis are all consistent with assignment of AnFBV to the genus Carmovirus. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Virol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. Minist Agr, Plant Protect & Inspect Serv, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0460 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035MC UT WOS:000237004400005 PM 18944305 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Bai, GH Carver, BF Shaner, GE Hunger, RM AF Xu, XY Bai, GH Carver, BF Shaner, GE Hunger, RM TI Molecular characterization of a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat cultivar suwon 92 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum ID MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION AB Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Pyramiding race-specific genes into a single cultivar and combining race-specific resistance genes with durable resistance genes are the preferred strategies to improve the durability of powdery mildew resistance. The objectives of this study were to characterize a powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 and identify gene-specific or tightly linked molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single seed descent from a cross between Suwon 92 and a Susceptible cultivar, CI 13227. The RILs were screened for adult-plant infection type of powdery mildew and characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The linked markers explained 41.3 to 69.2% of the phenotypic variances measured in 2 years. A morphological marker, hairy glume, was also associated with powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92, and explained 43 to 51% of the phenotypic variance. The powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 was located on the short arm of chromosome 1A where Pm3 was located. Two gene-specific markers were developed based on the sequence of the cloned Pm3b gene. These two markers, which were mapped at the same locus in the peak region of the LOD score for the RIL population. explained most of the phenotypic variance for powdery mildew resistance in the RIL population. The powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92 is most likely conditioned by the Pm3 locus. The gene markers developed herein can be directly used for MAS of some of the Pm3 alleles in breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0496 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035MC UT WOS:000237004400009 PM 18944309 ER PT J AU Ma, HX Bai, GH Zhang, X Lu, WZ AF Ma, HX Bai, GH Zhang, X Lu, WZ TI Main effects, epistasis, and environmental interactions of quantitative trait loci for fusarium head blight resistance in a recombinant inbred population SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinese Spring substitution line ID SPRING WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; WINTER-WHEAT; SCAB RESISTANCE; QTL; MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; BARLEY; SPREAD; CHROMOSOMES AB Chinese Spring Sumai 3 chromosome 7A disomic substitution line (CS-SM3-7ADS) is highly resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), and an F-7 population of recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross CS-SM3-7ADS x Annong 8455 was evaluated for resistance to FHB to investigate main effects, epistasis, and environmental interactions of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance. A molecular linkage map consists of 501 simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. A total of 10 QTLs were identified with significant main effects on the FHB resistance using MapQTL and QTLMapper software. Among them, CS-SM3-7ADS carries FHB-resistance alleles at five QTLs on chromosomes 2D, 3B, 4D. and 6A. One QTL on 3BS had the largest effect and explained 30.2% of the phenotypic variance. Susceptible QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4A, and 4B. A QTL for enhanced FHB resistance was not detected on chromosome 7A of CS-SM3-7ADS; therefore. the increased FHB resistance in CS-SM3-7ADS was not due to any major FHB-resistance QTL on 7A of Sumai 3, but more likely was due to removal of susceptible alleles of QTLs on 7A of Chinese Spring. QTLMapper detected nine pairs of additive-additive interactions at 17 loci that explained 26% phenotypic variance. QTL-environment interactions explained 49% of phenotypic variation, indicating that the environments significantly affected the expression of the QTLs, especially these epistasis QTLs. Adding FHB-enhancing QTLs or removal of susceptible QTLs both may significantly enhance the degree of wheat resistance to FHB in a wheat cultivar. C1 Kansas State Univ, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 36 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0534 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035MC UT WOS:000237004400014 PM 18944314 ER PT J AU Ma, HX Bai, GH Lu, WZ AF Ma, Hong-Xiang Bai, Gui-Hua Lu, Wei-Zhong TI Quantitative trait loci for Aluminum resistance in wheat cultivar Chinese Spring SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Aluminum resistance; ditelosomic lines; QTL mapping; Triticum aestivum ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TOLERANCE GENE; RFLP MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; ACID SOILS; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISMS; LINKAGE AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major constrains for wheat production in many wheat growing areas worldwide. Further understanding of inheritance of Al resistance may facilitate improvement of Al resistance of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). A set of ditelosomic lines derived from the moderately Al-resistant wheat cultivar Chinese Spring was assessed for Al resistance. The root growth of ditelosomic lines DT5AL, DT7AL, DT2DS and DT4DS was significantly lower than that of euploid Chinese Spring under Al stress, suggesting that Al-resistance genes might exist on the missing chromosome arms of 5AS, 7AS, 2DL and 4DL of Chinese Spring. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross Annong 8455 x Chinese Spring-Sumai 3 7A substitution line was used to determine the effects of these chromosome arms on Al resistance. A genetic linkage map consisting of 381 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and 168 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed to determine the genetic effect of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Al resistance in Chinese Spring. Three QTLs, Qalt.pser-4D, Qalt.pser-5A and Qalt.pser-2D, were identified that enhanced root growth under Al stress, suggesting that inheritance of Al resistance in Chinese Spring is polygenic. The QTL with the largest effect was flanked by the markers of Xcfd23 and Xwmc331 on chromosome 4DL and most probably is multi-allelic to the major QTL identified in Atlas 66. Two additional QTLs, Qalt.pser-5A and Qalt.pser-2D on chromosome 5AS and 2DL, respectively, were also detected with marginal significance in the population. Some SSR markers identified in this study would be useful for marker-assisted pyramiding of different QTLs for Al resistance in wheat cultivars. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2006 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-0008-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 063TI UT WOS:000239042200021 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Schreiner, RP AF Scagel, C. F. Schreiner, R. P. TI Phosphorus supply alters tuber composition, flower production, and mycorrhizal responsiveness of container-grown hybrid Zantedeschia SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizae; calla lily; Glomus intraradices; Zantedeschia 'Pot of Gold'; Zantedeschia 'Majestic Red' ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; SOIL PASTEURIZATION; PLANT-GROWTH; INOCULATION; FUNGI; INFECTION; YIELD; NUTRITION; BENEFIT; TOMATO AB One-year old tubers of two hybrid calla lily (calla) cultivars (Zantedeschia 'Pot of Gold' and 'Majestic Red') were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices, or not, and grown at three different rates of phosphorus (P) supply to asses the effects of AMF-inoculation on plant development (time of shoot emergence and flowering), flowering (number, length and rate of flowering), and tuber biomass and composition over two growing cycles (2002, 2003). Tubers and flowers of calla responded differently to AMF inoculation. Differences in mycorrhizal responsiveness between cultivars was related to differences in P requirements for flower and tuber production, and the influence of P supply on resource allocation to different reproductive strategies. Inoculation increased shoot production and promoted early flowering, particularly in 2003. Inoculated plants also produced larger tubers than non-inoculated plants, but only increased the number of flowers per plant in 2003. High P supply also increased tuber biomass, but decreased the number of flowers per plant in 2002. Plants grown at a moderate P-rate, produced the most flowers in 2003. For 'Majestic Red', benefits from AMF were primarily in terms of tuber yield and composition, and AMF effects on marketable flower production could potentially have negative impact on production strategies for growers. Inoculation of 'Pot of Gold' primarily influenced flower production and aspects of tuber quality that caused detectable enhancement of tuber yield and flowering in the second growing cycle following inoculation (2003). The results of this study show that the responses of calla to AMF are partially a function of how nutrient supply alters resource allocation to sexual and vegetative reproduction. Whether AMF-induced changes in resource allocation to flowering and tubers significantly alters commercial productivity and quality of calla depends on the crop production goals (e.g. tubers, cut flowers or potted plants). C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM scagelc@onid.orst.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2006 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 323 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-0022-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 063TI UT WOS:000239042200028 ER PT J AU Piper, A Erich, MS Porter, GA Griffin, TS AF Piper, A. Erich, M. S. Porter, G. A. Griffin, T. S. TI Root growth effects on soluble C and P in manured and non-manured soils SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE manure; root length; soluble C; soluble P ID ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; PHOSPHORUS SORPTION; RECEIVING MANURE; ANIMAL MANURE; ACID SOILS; POTATO; BARLEY; CARBON; FORMS; IRRIGATION AB There is limited research on relationships between root characteristics and soil chemical properties and processes. Because previous studies have shown specific C compounds may release previously sorbed P and make P more plant-available, crops which contribute to high soil C levels could play an important role in soil P cycling. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether rotation crops had different amounts of root growth, (2) whether different amounts of root growth among the crop species could be related to different levels of soluble soil C and (3) whether there were differences in P concentration among the soils under different crops that could be related to soluble C soil concentration. Roots and soil from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and a forage consisting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pretense L.) were sampled from the Aroostook Research Farm in Presque Isle, Maine, during the summers of 2003 and 2004 to determine root length density (RLD) and soluble C and P concentrations. Half of the sampled plots were amended with beef manure and half were not amended. Barley and forage consistently had higher RLD than potato or soybean crops. Barley and forage typically had higher concentrations of soluble soil C than potato or soybean, but the differences were significant at only three of the five sampling dates. RLD was significantly correlated to soluble C (r=0.56) only for amended soils on the August 2003 sampling date. For other dates r values were non-significant and ranged from 0.32 to 0.49. As with soil C, soluble soil P levels were typically higher in barley and forage than in potato or soybean crops. Significant differences were detected at four of the five sampling dates. Correlations between soluble C and soluble P were significant at two of the five sampling dates (r = 0.58 and 0.62) in amended soils and one of five sampling dates (r = 0.80) in unamended soils. Although the correlations between RLD and soluble C were not significant at every sampling date, the August 2003 data do suggest a possible effect of roots on soluble C. In addition, significant correlations between soluble C and soluble P at several sampling dates suggest a relationship between these parameters. Therefore cropping systems that include crops with higher amounts of root growth may promote increased soluble soil C levels and enhance P bioavailability. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Erich, MS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM erich@maine.edu NR 53 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2006 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-0026-z PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 063TI UT WOS:000239042200030 ER PT J AU Baldauf, PM Gray, SM Perry, KL AF Baldauf, PM Gray, SM Perry, KL TI Biological and serological properties of Potato virus Y isolates in northeastern United States potato SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PLANT-VIRUSES; STRAIN; PVYN; RESISTANCE; NECROSIS; TOBACCO; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A survey of six potato Viruses, Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), was conducted in New York and Maine during 2002 and 2003. Leaf samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PVY-positive samples were further tested to determine whether a necrotic strain of PVY (PVYN) or a strain able to induce necrosis in tobacco and in potato tubers (PVYNTN) were present. In both years, PVY and PVS were identified in a majority of the samples, and mixed infections predominated in 83% of the symptomatic leaves in 2002. Of the total 394 PVY-positive samples, 3 reacted with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1F5 and caused veinal necrosis (VN) in tobacco. Two of these isolates caused tuber necrosis in the potato cv. Yukon Gold. Three PVY isolates reacted with MAb 1F5 but did not cause VN in tobacco, and two caused VN but did not react with MAb 1F5. None of these eight isolates were able to overcome the Ry resistance gene in the potato cultivar Eva, but several were able to overcome the Ny resistance gene found in Allegany. PVYN isolates were not widespread in the northeastern United States; however, several PVY isolates differed from both PVYN and the ordinary strain of PVY and may represent strain recombinants. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, PPRU, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Perry, KL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM klp3@cornell.edu NR 50 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0559 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300005 ER PT J AU Damsteegt, VD Brlansky, RH Phillips, PA Roy, A AF Damsteegt, VD Brlansky, RH Phillips, PA Roy, A TI Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis, by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE plant-pathogenic bacteria; xylem feeders ID ONCOMETOPIA-NIGRICANS; LIMITED BACTERIUM; PIERCES-DISEASE; VECTORS; BRAZIL; IDENTIFICATION; CICADELLIDAE; CULTURE; STRAINS; TREES AB Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is an economically important disease of citrus in Brazil and Argentina. The causal pathogen is a strain of Xylella fastidiosa transmitted by several sharpshooter species. The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca coagulata, has become an important new pest of citrus and grapevines in California, where it transmits X. fastidiosa strains to several crops including grapes, oleander, and almonds. Transmission studies over a 3-year period at the USDA BSL3-P containment facility at Fort Detrick. MD, utilizing California field-collected GWSS, a Brazilian strain of CVC, and Madam Vinous sweet orange seedlings, have shown a consistent although low level of transmission of CVC. Test plants were observed for CVC symptoms, analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using species-specific primers for X. fastidiosa, membrane entrapment immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. X. fastidiosa was not detected in field-collected GWSS but was detected in GWSS following feeding on CVC-infected source plants. Transmission of the CVC strain of X. fastidiosa by GWSS increases the risk of establishment of CVC in the United States if it were introduced. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Damsteegt, VD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM vern.damsteegt@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0567 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300006 ER PT J AU Gillaspie, AG AF Gillaspie, AG TI New method for screening cowpea germ plasm for resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEED-BORNE; STUNT; POTYVIRUS; DISEASE AB Utilizing the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-resistant cowpea germ plasm line, GC-86L-98, a new method of screening for resistance in the greenhouse followed by field screening was developed. A uniform source of CMV inoculum (freeze-dried infected cowpea tissue) was diluted to provide an infection rate in GC-86L-98 similar to that observed under field conditions. Plants of test lines were mechanically inoculated with this standard inoculum rate and assessed under greenhouse conditions. Lines considered equivalent in infection percentage with GC-86L-98 were then evaluated in field tests. Test line plants were exposed to virus from susceptible cultivar Coronet when plants were at the first or second trifoliolate leaf stage, and then leaf samples were assayed by direct antigen coating-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lines with infection percentages similar to or lower than the resistant control were considered resistant. A new line (PI 441917) with CMV resistance and several lines with Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus resistance were found. Newly discovered CMV-resistant lines will help to control the serious cowpea stunt disease caused by synergism of the two viruses. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Gillaspie, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM s9gg@ars-grin.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0611 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300014 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Avant, JB Overturf, KE Bonman, JM AF Jackson, EW Avant, JB Overturf, KE Bonman, JM TI A quantitative assay of Puccinia coronata f. sp avenae DNA in Avena sativa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CROWN RUST; LEAF RUST; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; PLANTS; WHEAT; QUANTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; UREDIOSPORES; CULTIVARS AB Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is the most damaging disease of oat. Quantification of the disease can be done by visual or digital assessments of diseased leaf area, lesion number, lesion size, and latent period. Laborious measurements of sporulation can also be made. As an alternative to these methods, a new quantitative assay was developed. The method employs simple inoculum application, quantitative sampling from inoculated areas, a closed tube DNA extraction method restricting loss of tissue, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pathogen-specific TaqMan primers/probe set. Image analyses of genotypes with varying levels of crown rust resistance were compared to fungal DNA (FDNA) estimations by the new assay. The moderately resistant genotype IA98822-2 was distinguished from susceptible genotypes at the seedling stage, and the moderately resistant genotype O x T 107 was distinguished from the resistant cultivar TAM-O-301 at seedling and adult plant stages using FDNA. These separations were not evident with digital image analysis. The new assay also detected fungal development earlier and more rapidly in genotypes with lower levels of resistance. The assay can consistently estimate disease and should be useful for studying many aspects of the crown rust host-pathogen interaction where precise assessment of pathogen development is needed. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM ejackson@uidaho.edu NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 629 EP 636 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0629 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300017 ER PT J AU Eid, S Abou-Jawdah, Y El-Mohtar, C Sobh, H Havey, M AF Eid, S Abou-Jawdah, Y El-Mohtar, C Sobh, H Havey, M TI Tolerance in cucumber to Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE germ plasm; resistance ID BEMISIA-TABACI; RESISTANCE; CLOSTEROVIRUSES; GREENHOUSE; LETTUCE; CYSDV AB Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), genus Crinivirus and family Closteroviridae, has emerged as a serious whitefly-transmitted virus of cucurbit crops, causing between 30 and 50% yield losses. Development of resistant cultivars represents an economically and environmentally sound approach to management of this disease. In all, 124 Cucumber accessions were evaluated for reaction to CYSDV under high inoculum pressure over three growing seasons. Seven accessions showed delayed expression of symptoms, milder final symptoms, and lower percentages of infected plants compared with susceptible cucumbers. Although none of these accessions were immune to CYSDV, virus concentrations in the middle leaves of the tolerant accessions were significantly lower than those of susceptible accessions. C1 Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Plant Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Abou-Jawdah, Y (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Plant Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. EM abujawyf@aub.edu.lb OI Abou Jawdah, Yusuf/0000-0003-4673-5822 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 645 EP 649 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0645 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300019 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Kaffka, SR AF Wintermantel, WM Kaffka, SR TI Sugar beet performance with curly top is related to virus accumulation and age at infection SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB Resistance to curly top disease caused by Beet curly top virus (BCTV) and related curtoviruses has been important to sustainable sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in the western United States for most of the last century. Recent advances in sugar beet genetics have led to the development of high-yielding cultivars, but these cultivars have little resistance to curly top disease. These cultivars are highly effective when disease management practices or environmental factors minimize curly top incidence, but can result in significant losses in years with early infection or abundant curly top. A greenhouse assay has been developed to rapidly test cultivars for a broad array of factors affecting performance in the presence of curly top. Previous studies have shown that sugar beet plants were more susceptible and losses more severe when seedlings were infected by BCTV, but less severe when plants were larger at the time of infection. To evaluate more precisely the relationship between age at infection, disease severity, virus accumulation, and yield loss in modern cultivars that were not bred for curly top resistance, individual sugar beet plants varying in degree of resistance and susceptibility to curly top were inoculated by viruliferous beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus) when plants had two, four, or six true leaves, and maintained in a greenhouse for 6 weeks. When plants were inoculated at the two-leaf stage, all cultivars became severely stunted, with high disease ratings and similar rates of symptom development, regardless of resistance or susceptibility of the cultivar. Plants inoculated at four-and six-leaf stages exhibited increasing separation between resistant and susceptible phenotypes. with highly resistant cultivars performing well with low disease ratings and increased plant weights relative to susceptible cultivars. High-yielding cultivars performed only slightly better than the susceptible control cultivar. Results from greenhouse trials matched those from field trials conducted under heavy curly top pressure. Importantly, low virus concentration was directly correlated with lower disease ratings and higher plant weight, while elevated virus concentrations corresponded to higher disease ratings and lower weights. This demonstrates that a rapid greenhouse assay involving multiple traits can provide a rapid and effective means of selecting cultivars with improved curly top control, and could lead to more rapid incorporation of resistance into high-yielding sugar beet. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM wwintermantel@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0657 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300021 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Vandemark, GJ Munyaneza, JE AF Crosslin, JM Vandemark, GJ Munyaneza, JE TI Development of a real-time, quantitative PCR for detection of the Columbia basin potato purple top phytoplasma in plants and beet leafhoppers SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE insect vectors ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; CLOVER PROLIFERATION PHYTOPLASMA; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; WITCHES-BROOM PHYTOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; MONITORING PHYTOPLASMA; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; APPLE PROLIFERATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA AB A quantitative, real-time "TaqMan" polymerase chain reaction assay (real-time PCR) was developed which was capable of detecting and quantifying a group 16SrVI phytoplasma in DNA extracts prepared from infected tomatoes, potatoes, and beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus). Primers and probe were designed from the 16S rRNA gene of the Columbia Basin potato purple top phytoplasma, which is closely related to the beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent. The detection limit in phytoplasma-infected tomato DNA was approximately 50 pg. The concentration of phytoplasma varied considerably among potato plants showing symptoms of purple top. The pathogen was readily detected in extracts from single or groups of five beet leafhoppers. As with infected potatoes, the concentration of phytoplasma in individual leafhoppers was variable. The assay also detected aster yellows (group 16SrI) and pigeon pea witches'-broom (group 16SrIX) phytoplasmas ill infected periwinkle plants. The real-time PCR was at least as sensitive as the commonly used and more labor-intensive nested PCR for detection of the pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jcrosslin@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0663 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300022 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Mirusso, J AF Chellemi, DO Mirusso, J TI Optimizing soil disinfestation procedures for fresh market tomato and pepper production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; under bed fumigation ID VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; METHYL-BROMIDE; SOLARIZATION; FUMIGANTS; DOSAGE; SODIUM AB Combinations of soil fumigation with a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) plus chloropicrin (Pic) and soil solarization for 7 days were evaluated under different plastic films and sequences of application for their effects on soilborne pests and marketable yield of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). Shank injection of fumigants under a virtually impermeable film (VIF) using a novel application apparatus dramatically improved their retention in the soil. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in soil declined significantly when fumigation or solarization was combined with VIF compared with either soil disinfestation treatment applied under low-density polyethylene. When compared with an untreated control, significant reductions in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), purple nutsedge (C. rotundus), and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were achieved with a reduced dosage of fumigant when applications were made 7 days after planting beds were covered with VIF A 7-day delay in fumigant application in beds covered by low-density polyethylene significantly increased marketable yield of pepper when compared with an untreated control. The results demonstrate that chemical and nonchemical soil disinfestation methods can be combined with novel application technology and procedures to improve their spectrum of pest control and reduce fumigant application rates. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Mirusso Enterprised, Delray Beach, FL USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dchellemi@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 668 EP 674 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0668 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300023 ER PT J AU Berner, DK McMahon, MB Kashefi, J Erbe, E AF Berner, DK McMahon, MB Kashefi, J Erbe, E TI First report of an ovary Smut of Italian thistle caused by a Microbotryum sp in Greece SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, SGIL, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. European Biol Control Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 681 EP 681 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0681B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300029 ER PT J AU Kenaley, S Howell, B Mathiasen, R AF Kenaley, S Howell, B Mathiasen, R TI First report of Cladocolea cupulata on Pinus douglasiana and P-herrerai in Northern Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Management, USDA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Kenaley, S (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 681 EP 681 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0681C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300030 ER PT J AU Keinath, AP Wechter, WP Smith, JP AF Keinath, AP Wechter, WP Smith, JP TI First report of bacterial leaf spot on leafy brassica greens caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola in South Carolina. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. RP Keinath, AP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 683 EP 683 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0683C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300036 ER PT J AU Irish, BM Goenaga, R Ploetz, RC AF Irish, BM Goenaga, R Ploetz, RC TI Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causal agent of black sigatoka of Musa spp. found in Puerto Rico and identified by polymerase chain reaction. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Irish, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 684 EP 684 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0684A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300037 ER PT J AU Choppakatla, V Hunger, RM Melouk, HA AF Choppakatla, V Hunger, RM Melouk, HA TI First report of seedling blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on wheat in Oklahoma. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Choppakatla, V (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 686 EP 686 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0686B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300044 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE AF Hanson, LE TI Fusarium yellowing of sugar beet caused by Fusarium graminearum from Minnesota and Wyoming. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hanson, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 686 EP 686 DI 10.1094/PD-0686A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 037SM UT WOS:000237167300043 ER PT J AU Feng, XL Ni, WM Elge, S Mueller-Roeber, B Xu, ZH Xue, HW AF Feng, XL Ni, WM Elge, S Mueller-Roeber, B Xu, ZH Xue, HW TI Auxin flow in anther filaments is critical for pollen grain development through regulating pollen mitosis SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE filaments; anther; pollen grain; auxin; mitosis ID ACID-LYSINE SYNTHETASE; SYRINGAE SUBSP SAVASTANOI; LATERAL ROOT DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POLAR TRANSPORT; GENE-EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; TOBACCO; GROWTH; LEAF AB It was well known that auxin is critical for anther/pollen grain development, however, the clear distribution and detailed effects of auxin during floral development are still unclear. We have shown here that, through analyzing GUS activities of Arabidopsis lines harboring auxin response elements DR5-GUS, auxin was mainly accumulated in the anther during flower stages 10-12. Further studies employing the indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase (iaaL) coding gene from Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi under control of the promoter region of Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 1 gene, which conducts the anther filament-specific expression, showed that block of auxin flow of filaments resulted in shortened filaments and significantly defective pollen grains. Similar phenotype was observed in tobacco plants transformed with the same construct, confirming the effects of auxin flow in filaments on anther development. Detailed studies further revealed that the meiosis process of pollen grain was normal while the mitosis at later stage was significantly defected, indicating the effects of auxin flow in filaments on pollen grain mitosis process. Analysis employing [C-14]IAA, as well as the observation on the expression of AtPIN1, coding for auxin efflux carrier, demonstrated the presence of polar auxin transport in anther filaments and pollen grains. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, SIBS, Natl Key Lab Plant Mol Genet, Inst Plant Physiol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Partner Grp, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Xue, HW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, SIBS, Natl Key Lab Plant Mol Genet, Inst Plant Physiol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM hwxue@sibs.ac.cn NR 53 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-0005-z PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 055JI UT WOS:000238446100015 PM 16786302 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Anderson, JV Horvath, DP Gu, YQ Lym, RG Chao, WS AF Jia, Y Anderson, JV Horvath, DP Gu, YQ Lym, RG Chao, WS TI Subtractive cDNA libraries identify differentially expressed genes in dormant and growing buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dormancy; leafy spurge; subtractive hybridization ID UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; POTATO-TUBER DORMANCY; CORRELATIVE INHIBITION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ROOT BUDS; GROWTH; CLONING; ARABIDOPSIS; AUXIN AB Two subtractive cDNA libraries were developed to study genes associated with bud dormancy (reverse library) and initiation of shoot growth (forward library) in leafy spurge. To identify unique sequences represented in each library, 15744 clones were screened to reduce the level of redundancy within both libraries. A total of 516 unique sequences were obtained from 2304 minimally redundant clones. Radioactive probes developed from RNAs extracted from crown buds of either intact (para-dormant control) or a series of growth-induced (2 h, 2, and 4 d after decapitation) plants were used to identify differentially expressed genes by macroarray analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm results obtained by macroarray analysis and to determine the expression profiles for other transcripts identified within the subtractive libraries. Selected clones were also used to examine gene expression in crown buds after growth induction and/or during normal seasonal growth. In this study, four distinct patterns of gene expression were observed during the transition from para-dormancy to growth-induction. Many of the differentially regulated genes identified have unknown or hypothetical functions while others are known to play important roles in molecular functions. Gene ontology analysis identified a greater proportion of genes involved with catalytic activity in the forward library while the reverse library had a greater proportion of genes involved in DNA/RNA binding. C1 USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaow@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-0015-x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 055JI UT WOS:000238446100023 PM 16786310 ER PT J AU Liu, JQ Miller, SS Graham, M Bucciarelli, B Catalano, CM Sherrier, DJ Samac, DA Ivashuta, S Fedorova, M Matsumoto, P Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Liu, JQ Miller, SS Graham, M Bucciarelli, B Catalano, CM Sherrier, DJ Samac, DA Ivashuta, S Fedorova, M Matsumoto, P Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI Recruitment of novel calcium-binding proteins for root nodule symbiosis in Medicago truncatula SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIBACTEROID MEMBRANE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; SATIVA L; CALMODULIN; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; RHIZOBIUM AB Legume rhizobia symbiotic nitrogen (N-2) fixation plays a critical role in sustainable nitrogen management in agriculture and in the Earth's nitrogen cycle. Signaling between rhizobia and legumes initiates development of a unique plant organ, the root nodule, where bacteria undergo endocytosis and become surrounded by a plant membrane to form a symbiosome. Between this membrane and the encased bacteria exists a matrix-filled space ( the symbiosome space) that is thought to contain a mixture of plant- and bacteria-derived proteins. Maintenance of the symbiosis state requires continuous communication between the plant and bacterial partners. Here, we show in the model legume Medicago truncatula that a novel family of six calmodulin-like proteins (CaMLs), expressed specifically in root nodules, are localized within the symbiosome space. All six nodule-specific CaML genes are clustered in the M. truncatula genome, along with two other nodule-specific genes, nodulin-22 and nodulin-25. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggest that an unequal recombination event occurred between nodulin-25 and a nearby calmodulin, which gave rise to the first CaML, and the gene family evolved by tandem duplication and divergence. The data provide striking evidence for the recruitment of a ubiquitous Ca2+-binding gene for symbiotic purposes. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@umn.edu RI Sherrier, Darla/D-6624-2017 OI Sherrier, Darla/0000-0002-4699-6670 NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1104/pp.106.076711 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 040VR UT WOS:000237409400014 PM 16543412 ER PT J AU Korth, KL Doege, SJ Park, SH Goggin, FL Wang, Q Gomez, SK Liu, G Jia, L Nakata, PA AF Korth, KL Doege, SJ Park, SH Goggin, FL Wang, Q Gomez, SK Liu, G Jia, L Nakata, PA TI Medicago truncatula mutants demonstrate the role of plant calcium oxalate crystals as an effective defense against chewing insects SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYCORIELLA-AURIPILA DIPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; OXALIC-ACID; LEAVES; MORPHOLOGY; HERBIVORY; SCIARIDAE; RAPHIDES; MASS AB Calcium oxalate is the most abundant insoluble mineral found in plants and its crystals have been reported in more than 200 plant families. In the barrel medic Medicago truncatula Gaertn., these crystals accumulate predominantly in a sheath surrounding secondary veins of leaves. Mutants of M. truncatula with decreased levels of calcium oxalate crystals were used to assess the defensive role of this mineral against insects. Caterpillar larvae of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua Hubner show a clear feeding preference for tissue from calcium oxalate-defective (cod) mutant lines cod5 and cod6 in choice test comparisons with wild-type M. truncatula. Compared to their performance on mutant lines, larvae feeding on wild-type plants with abundant calcium oxalate crystals suffer significantly reduced growth and increased mortality. Induction of wound-responsive genes appears to be normal in cod5 and cod6, indicating that these lines are not deficient in induced insect defenses. Electron micrographs of insect mouthparts indicate that the prismatic crystals in M. truncatula leaves act as physical abrasives during feeding. Food utilization measurements show that, after consumption, calcium oxalate also interferes with the conversion of plant material into insect biomass during digestion. In contrast to their detrimental effects on a chewing insect, calcium oxalate crystals do not negatively affect the performance of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, a sap-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The results confirm a long-held hypothesis for the defensive function of these crystals and point to the potential value of genes controlling crystal formation and localization in crop plants. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. China Natl Rice Res Inst, Hangzhou 310006, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Korth, KL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kkorth@uark.edu NR 40 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1104/pp.106.076737 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 040VR UT WOS:000237409400016 PM 16514014 ER PT J AU Sarath, G Bethke, PC Jones, R Baird, LM Hou, GC Mitchell, RB AF Sarath, G Bethke, PC Jones, R Baird, LM Hou, GC Mitchell, RB TI Nitric oxide accelerates seed germination in warm-season grasses SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE microscopy; nitric oxide; seed dormancy; seed germination; switchgrass; warm-season prairie grasses ID ABSCISIC-ACID; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RICE LEAVES; PLANTS; DORMANCY; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM; MOLECULE; CELLS AB The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly promoted germination of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. cv Kanlow) in the light and in the dark at 25 degrees C, across a broad range of concentrations. SNP also promoted seed germination in two other warm-season grasses. A chemical scavenger of NO inhibited germination and blocked SNP stimulation of seed germination. The phenolic (+)-catechin acted synergistically with SNP and nitrite in promoting seed germination. Acidified nitrite, an alternate NO donor also significantly stimulated seed germination. Interestingly, sodium cyanide, potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide at 200 mu M strongly enhanced seed germination as well, whereas potassium chloride was without effect. Ferrocyanide and cyanide stimulation of seed germination was blocked by an NO scavenger. Incubation of seeds with a fluorescent NO-specific probe provided evidence for NO production in germinating switchgrass seeds. Abscisic acid (ABA) at 10 mu M depressed germination, inhibited root elongation and essentially abolished coleoptile emergence. SNP partially overcame ABA effects on radicle emergence but did not overcome the effects of ABA on coleoptile elongation. Light microscopy indicated extension of the radicle and coleoptiles in seeds maintained on water or on SNP after 2 days. In contrast, there was minimal growth of the radicle and coleoptile in ABA-treated seeds even after 3-4 days. These data indicate that seed germination of warm-season grasses is significantly influenced by NO signaling pathways and document that NO could be an endogenous trigger for release from dormancy in these species. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, 344A Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gsarath1@unl.edu NR 39 TC 66 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2006 VL 223 IS 6 BP 1154 EP 1164 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0162-3 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 039VJ UT WOS:000237335300005 PM 16369800 ER PT J AU Cinelli, P Chiellini, E Lawton, JW Imam, SH AF Cinelli, P Chiellini, E Lawton, JW Imam, SH TI Foamed articles based on potato starch, corn fibers and poly(vinyl alcohol) SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE starch; poly(vinyl alcohol); fiber; foam; biodegradable; packaging ID RENEWABLE RESOURCES AB Single-use packaging materials made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) have been identified as suitable items to be replaced by biodegradable materials. Plates made with EPS represent a source of non-degradable waste that is difficult to collect and to recycle. Potato starch based foamed plates have been prepared by a baking process. Presently, foam plates have been prepared by baking aqueous mixtures of potato starch, corn fibers, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) inside a hot mold. The effects of the addition of corn fibers, a co-product of bio-ethanol production, on mechanical properties and moisture resistance of potato starch based foamed plates were investigated. The addition of corn fiber to potato starch batter increased baking time and an increased batter volume is needed to form a complete tray. The mechanical properties of the trays decreased with added corn fiber. In previous studies PVA has been added as aqueous solution to improve strength, flexibility, and water resistance of baked starch trays. In this study, 88% hydrolyzed PVA was added as a powder in the mixture, avoiding the time consuming and costly step of pre-dissolving the PVA. The addition of PVA to potato starch batters containing corn fiber mitigated the reduction in tensile properties seen in trays with added corn fiber. Starch-based trays produced with a high fiber ratio and PVA, showed improved water resistance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM simam@pw.usda.gov OI Cinelli, Patrizia/0000-0003-2401-133X NR 26 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1147 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.07.001 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 022SP UT WOS:000236076400019 ER PT J AU Chanjirakul, K Wang, SY Wang, CY Siriphanich, J AF Chanjirakul, K Wang, SY Wang, CY Siriphanich, J TI Effect of natural volatile compounds on antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes in raspberries SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant capacity; antioxidant enzyme; raspberries; volatile compounds ID REDUCES CHILLING INJURY; METHYL JASMONATE; POSTHARVEST QUALITY; VITAMIN-C; ALLYL-ISOTHIOCYANATE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PLANT PEROXIDASES; BERRY PHENOLICS; GREEN MOLD AB Changes in antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities in raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) treated with methyl jasmonate (W), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil or TTO), and ethanol (EtOH) were studied. All of the natural volatile compounds tested reduced the severity of decay during storage at 10 degrees C compared to the control. Most of these natural volatile treatments promoted the antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities except AITC treatment. The MJ treatment had the highest antioxidant capacity expressed as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values after storage for 7 and 14 days. Raspberry extract from the MJ treatment also showed the highest activity in all antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-POD), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). Moreover, the MJ treatment showed the highest amount of ascorbate (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DHAsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) compared to the other treatments. Even though AITC showed the best result for decay inhibition among all the treatments, it did not increase the antioxidant capacity or the antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that MJ may increase the resistance of tissues to decay through enhancing their antioxidant system and their free radical scavenging capability, while AITC may retard the decay directly by its antimicrobial properties. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Dept Hort, Kampaengsaen, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Bldg 002,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.01.004 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 043XF UT WOS:000237635500002 ER PT J AU Monzon, ME Biasi, B Simpson, TL Johnson, J Feng, X Slaughter, DC Mitcham, EJ AF Monzon, ME Biasi, B Simpson, TL Johnson, J Feng, X Slaughter, DC Mitcham, EJ TI Effect of radio frequency heating as a potential quarantine treatment on the quality of 'Bing' sweet cherry fruit and mortality of codling moth larvae SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat treatment; hot water; Lepidoptera; phytosanitary; quality ID THERMAL-DEATH KINETICS; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; LEPIDOPTERA; IRRADIATION; TORTRICIDAE AB 'Bing' sweet cherry (Prunnus avium L.) fruit quality and fifth-instar codling moth (Cydia pomonella [L.]) mortality were evaluated after radio frequency (RF) heating. The fruit were heated with radio frequency energy to four target temperatures (50, 52, 53 and 54 degrees C), held in the RF-heated water for various holding times from 0.5 to 6 min, and stored under simulated air or sea shipment conditions (5 degrees C for 24 h or 0 degrees C for 2 weeks, respectively) before quality evaluation. There was no significant effect on cherry color, decay or shrivel, and RF had only a slight effect on berry browning. Regardless of shipment, stem browning and berry pitting were affected by RF-heating. Cherry quality was most affected when fruit were treated with RF and stored to simulate sea shipment. Heating the fruit to 53 or 54 degrees C assured 100% codling moth larval mortality. Treatments that may provide quarantine security include heating fruit to 52 degrees C and holding for 4 min, 53 degrees C for 1.5 min or 54 degrees C for 1 min, but quality of the cherries following these treatments was only acceptable when fruit were stored to simulate air shipment. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mitcham, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1035 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ejmitcham@ucdavis.edu NR 12 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.12.011 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 043XF UT WOS:000237635500014 ER PT J AU Thaxton, JP Dozier, WA Branton, SL Morgan, GW Miles, DW Roush, WB Lott, BD Vizzier-Thaxton, Y AF Thaxton, JP Dozier, WA Branton, SL Morgan, GW Miles, DW Roush, WB Lott, BD Vizzier-Thaxton, Y TI Stocking density and physiological adaptive responses of broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stocking density; corticosterone; glucose; cholesterol; heterophil : lymphocyte ratio ID HIGH AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; POPULATION-DENSITY; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; CHICKENS; STRESS; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN; INSUFFICIENCY AB Three trials were conducted to assess the effects of stocking density on physiological adaptive responses of broilers. Male broilers were reared in floor pens under conditions similar to those used commercially in the United States. Accepted indicators of adaptation to a stressor were measured on d 49 including plasma concentrations of corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, and total nitrites as an indicator of nitric oxide, as well as heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. In trial 1, calculated stocking densities were 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 kg of BW/ m(2) and in trials 2 and 3, stocking densities were 30, 35,40, 2 and 45 kg of BW/m(2). Stocking densities were calculated based on a final BW of 3.3 kg. Linear trend analyses were used to assess the role of stocking density on each of the physiological parameters. Results indicate that stocking density did not cause physiological adaptive changes indicative of stress. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Thaxton, JP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM pthaxton@poultry.msstate.edu NR 47 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 85 IS 5 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 034QH UT WOS:000236945200001 PM 16673757 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Baseako, EY Branton, SL Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Peebles, ED Baseako, EY Branton, SL Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD TI Effects of S6-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at 10, 22, or 45 weeks of age on the digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE follicle; intestine; layer; liver; Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID S6 STRAIN; F-STRAIN; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; BROILER BREEDER; LAYERS; CHICKENS; INFECTION; AIRSACCULITIS; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGE AB Experimental inoculation of commercial laying hens with the S6-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticion (S6MG) at 20 wk of age, while being maintained under ideal conditions, has previously been shown to affect the lengths and weights of various portions of the reproductive tract. Two trials were conducted in the current study to compare the effects of S6MG inoculation prior to lay at 10 wk of age, during onset of lay at 22 wk of age, and during lay at 45 wk of age on the digestive and reproductive organs of commercial layers similarly housed and maintained under ideal conditions. In each trial, liver weight, liver moisture and lipid concentration, incidence of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome, ovary weight, ovarian mature follicle numbers, weights and lengths of the oviduct and oviductal regions, and weights and lengths of the small intestine and small intestinal regions were examined at 60 wk of hen age. At 60 wk, liver lipid concentration was depressed, and isthmus weight, as a percentage of total oviduct weight, was increased in birds that had been inoculated with S6MG at 45 wk. Alterations in liver lipid content and weight of the isthmal portion of the oviduct may occur in response to S6MG inoculation during the later stages of production in layers housed under ideal conditions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu RI Basenko, Evelina/G-8701-2014 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 85 IS 5 BP 825 EP 830 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 034QH UT WOS:000236945200002 PM 16673758 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Hunt, HD Kulkarni, GB Palmquist, DE Bacon, LD AF Zhang, HM Hunt, HD Kulkarni, GB Palmquist, DE Bacon, LD TI Lymphoid organ size varies among inbred lines 6(3) and 7(2) and their thirteen recombinant congenic strains of chickens with the same major histocompatibility complex SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bursa of Fabricius; disease resistance; immunoglobulin G; recombinant congenic strain; thymus ID ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; MAREKS-DISEASE; GENETIC-RESISTANCE; THYMUS ENLARGEMENT; BUF/MNA RATS; BURSA SIZE; FABRICIUS; POLYMORPHISMS; INVOLUTION; SELECTION AB The objective was to evaluate lymphoid organ size in chickens from a series of 13 recombinant congenic strains (RCS) and their highly inbred parental lines (6(3) and 7(2)). The parental line 6(3) was selected for resistance to tumors induced by Marek's disease virus and avian leukosis viruses, whereas line T) was selected for susceptibility to these tumors. Each RCS on the average contains a random one-eighth of genome from the donor line 7(2). Previous studies have shown that lines 6(3) and 7(2) differ in the size of primary lymphoid organs; i.e., the bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the lobes of the thymus (T) are smaller in line 6(3) than line 7(2). In the current study, the relative size of the T, BF, and spleen was first examined in about 15 males from each of 13 RCS and the 2 parental lines at 60 to 69 d of age. The differences of relative BF, T, and spleen size among the RCS and the parental lines 6(3) and 7(2) differed significantly (P < 0.001). Males and females from 4 RCS and the 2 parental lines were evaluated a second time, and differences in the relative sizes in lymphoid organs among the RCS and parental lines were consistent. In 2 RCS, the size of the T and BF was comparatively large as in line 7(2), leading to the conclusion that different allelic forms at I or more loci in these RCS regulate the size of both organs. In 2 other RCS, the BF was large compared with the T, suggesting that allelic forms at some loci in these RCS influence the BF independent of the T. The relative lymphoid organ size among the RCS appeared to cosegregate with the concentration of IgG in the plasma measured previously. The evaluation of genomic variability of these lines is underway, and the RCS are available for research on traits that differ between lines 6(3) and 7(2). C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA ARS, Midwest Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hmzhang@msu.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 85 IS 5 BP 844 EP 853 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 034QH UT WOS:000236945200005 PM 16673761 ER PT J AU Oviedo-Rondon, EO Hume, ME Hernandez, C Clemente-Hernandez, S AF Oviedo-Rondon, EO Hume, ME Hernandez, C Clemente-Hernandez, S TI Intestinal microbial ecology of broilers vaccinated and challenged with mixed Eimeria species, and supplemented with essential oil blends SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial ecology; Eimeria species; essential oil; cocci-vaccination ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; CHICKENS; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; COCCIDIOSIS; POULTRY AB Intestinal microbiota is an important component in the development of defense mechanisms in the gut mucosa. This project determined the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities (MC) of broilers vaccinated at first day of age with live oocysts of Eimeria species and fed diets supplemented with 2 specific essential oil (EO) blends, Crina Poultry (CP) and Crina Alternate (CA). Five treatments were analyzed: 1) unmedicated-uninfected (UU) control; 2) unmedicated-infected (UI) control; 3) vaccinated with Advent cocci-vaccine and without feed additive (COV) supplements; 4) vaccinated with Advent and supplemented with CP; and 5) vaccinated with Advent and supplemented with CA. The EO blends were added at 100 ppm to the same basal diets. Chicks were gavage-infected at 19 d of age with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. Duodenal, ileal, and cecal samples were taken from 12 birds per treatment just before the infection and 7 d after the challenge, pooled in 6 samples, and frozen. Denaturing gradient gel electro-phoresis was used to examine PCR-amplified fragments of the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA variable region. Results are presented as percentages of similarity coefficients (SC). Dendrograms of amplicon patterns indicated MC differences due to intestinal location, feed additives, and cocci infection. The EO blends CP and CA did affect MC in all gut sections. The cocci-infection caused drastic MC population shifts in duodenal, ileal, and cecal sections (36.7, 55.4, and 36.2% SC, respectively). The CP-supplemented birds had higher SC between pre- and post-challenge MC in duodenal and ileal (73.3, 81.8%) than COV (66.4, 66.5%). However, COV broilers had the smallest changes in cecal MC after infection (79.5% SC). We concluded that cocci-vaccination causes small changes in intestinal MC, but challenge causes drastic shifts. The EO blend supplementation modulates MC in cocci-vaccinated broilers, avoiding drastic shifts after a mixed coccidia infection. Correlations between MC dynamics and host responses are discussed. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Oviedo-Rondon, EO (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM edgar_oviedo@ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 85 IS 5 BP 854 EP 860 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 034QH UT WOS:000236945200006 PM 16673762 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Bartolini, GL Newman, JW Vemuri, M Mackey, BE AF Kelley, DS Bartolini, GL Newman, JW Vemuri, M Mackey, BE TI Fatty acid composition of liver, adipose tissue, spleen, and heart of mice fed diets containing t10, c12-, and c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; CLA ISOMERS; FISH-OIL; RATS; TRANS-10; LIPIDS; PROFILES; ARACHIDONATE; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM AB Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have unique effects on tissue lipids. Here we investigated the influence of individual CLA isomers on the lipid weight and fatty acid composition of lipid metabolizing (i.e. liver and retroperitoneal adipose) and lipid sensitive (i.e. spleen and heart) tissues. Female mice (8 week old; n = 6/group) were fed either a control or one of the two CLA isomer supplemented (0.5%) diets for 8 weeks. The cis-9, trans-11-CLA diet reduced the 18:1n-9 wt% by 20-50% in liver, adipose tissue, and spleen. reduced the spleen n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by 90%, and increased the n-6 PUFA wt% by 20-50% in all tissues except heart. The trans-10, cis-12-CLA reduced both the n-6 and n-3 PUFA wt% in liver (> 50%), reduced the heart n-3 PUFA wt% by 25%, and increased the wt% of spleen n-3 PUFA by 700%. The functional consequences of such changes in tissue fatty acid composition need to be investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkelley@whnrc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.02.008 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 051OF UT WOS:000238169700007 PM 16631360 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC Renzaglia, KS AF Vaughn, K. C. Renzaglia, K. S. TI Structural and immunocytochemical characterization of the Ginkgo biloba L. sperm motility apparatus SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE centrin; acetylated tubulin; spermatogenous cell; land plant evolution ID MICROTUBULE-ORGANIZING CENTERS; SPERMATOGENOUS CELL; MALE GAMETOPHYTE; LAND PLANTS; TUBULIN AB Ginkgo biloba and the cycads are the only extant seed plants with motile sperm cells. However, there has been no immunocytochemical characterization of these gametes to determine if they share characteristics with the flagellated sperm found in bryophytes and pteridophytes or might give clues as to the relationships to nonflagellated sperm in all other seed plants. To determine characteristics of proteins associated with the motility apparatus in these motile sperm, we probed thin sections of developing spermatogenous cells of Ginkgo biloba with antibodies to acetylated and tyrosinated tubulin and monoclonal antibodies that recognize mammalian centrosomes and centrin. The blepharoplast that occurs as a precursor to the motility apparatus consists of an amorphous core, pitted with cavities containing microtubules and a surface studded with probasal bodies. The probasal bodies and microtubules within the blepharoplast cavities are labeled with antibodies specific to acetylated tubulin. Positive but weak reactions of the blepharoplast core occur with the centrosome-reactive antibodies MPM-2 and C-9. Reactions to centrin antibodies are negative at this developmental stage. From this pre-motility apparatus structure, an assemblage of about 1000 flagella and associated structures arises as the precursor to the motility apparatus for the sperm. The flagellar apparatus consists of a three-layered multilayered structure that subtends a layer of spline microtubules, a zone of amorphous material similar to that in the blepharoplast, and the flagellar band. Centrin antibodies react strongly with the multilayered structure, the transition zone of the flagella, and fibrillar material near the flagellar base at the surface of the amorphous material. Both the spline microtubules and all of the tubules in the flagella react strongly with the antibodies to acetylated tubulin. These localizations are consistent with the localizations of these components in pteridophyte and bryophyte spermatogenous cells, although the blepharoplast material surrounding and connecting flagellar bases does not occur in the seedless (nonseed) land plants, These data indicate that despite the large size of ginkgo gametes and the taxonomic separation between pteridophytes and Ginkgo biloba, similar proteins in gametes of both groups perform similar functions and are therefore homologous among these plants. Moreover, the presence of acetylated tubulin in bands of microtubules may be a characteristic shared with more derived nonflagellated sperm of other conifers and angiosperms. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD MAY PY 2006 VL 227 IS 2-4 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00709-005-0141-3 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 062XG UT WOS:000238979400012 PM 16736257 ER PT J AU Tavani, A Spertini, L Bosetti, C Parpinel, M Gnagnarella, P Bravi, F Peterson, J Dwyer, J Lagiou, P Negri, E La Vecchia, C AF Tavani, A Spertini, L Bosetti, C Parpinel, M Gnagnarella, P Bravi, F Peterson, J Dwyer, J Lagiou, P Negri, E La Vecchia, C TI Intake of specific flavonoids and risk of acute myocardial infarction in Italy SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet; flavonoids; myocardial infarction; case-control studies; risk factors ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GENISTEIN CONTENT; SOY PROTEIN; DAIDZEIN; CANCER; METAANALYSIS; ISOFLAVONES; MORTALITY AB Objective: As intake of flavonoids has been associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease but data on the relation with specific classes of flavonoids are scarce, we assessed the relation between dietary intake of specific classes of flavonoids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in an Italian population. Design: Case-control study. Dietary information was collected by interviewers on a questionnaire tested for validity and reproducibility. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by multiple logistic regression models including terms for energy and alcohol intake, as well as sociodemographic factors, tobacco and other major recognised risk factors for AMI. Setting: Milan, Italy, between 1995 and 2003. Subjects: Cases were 760 patients, below age 79 years, with a first episode of non-fatal AMI, and controls were 682 patients admitted to hospital for acute conditions unrelated to diet. Results: A reduced risk of AMI was found for increasing intake of anthocyanidins (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.78 for the highest vs. the lowest quintile, P-trend=0.003) and flavonols (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.41-1.02, P-trend=0.02). A tendency towards reduced risks, although not significant, was observed for flavan-3-ols (OR=0.73, 95% CI 0.48-1.10) and total flavonoids (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.49-1.14). No meaningful heterogeneity was found between the sexes. No association emerged for other flavonoids, including isoflavones, flavanones and flavones. Conclusions: High intake of anthocyanidins reduced the risk of AMI even after allowance for alcohol, fruit and vegetables, supporting a real inverse association between this class of flavonoids and AMI risk. C1 Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, I-20157 Milan, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Igiene, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Ist Europeo Oncol, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Milan, Italy. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. Univ Milan, Ist Stat Med & Biometria, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RP Tavani, A (reprint author), Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, I-20157 Milan, Italy. EM tavani@marionegri.it RI Negri, Eva/B-7244-2013; Parpinel, Maria/B-1605-2012; OI Negri, Eva/0000-0001-9712-8526; Parpinel, Maria/0000-0003-1309-4467; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; La Vecchia, Carlo/0000-0003-1441-897X; Bravi, Francesca/0000-0003-0173-5319; Gnagnarella, Patrizia/0000-0002-0560-4706 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1079/PHN2006859 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 040QA UT WOS:000237394300014 PM 16684389 ER PT J AU Thompson, TW Round, BA McArthur, ED Jessop, BD Waldron, B Davis, JN AF Thompson, Tyler W. Roundy, Bruce A. McArthur, E. Durant Jessop, Brad D. Waldron, Blair Daviss, James N. TI Fire rehabilitation using native and introduced species: A landscape trial SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE big sagebrush; pinyon-juniper; revegetation; weed suppression; wildfire ID FREQUENCY PLOTS; GRASSES; SEED; SENSITIVITY; VEGETATION; EMERGENCE; ALFALFA; PLANTS; UTAH; SOIL AB Following the 1999 Railroad Fire in Tintic Valley, Utah, we initiated a large-scale fire rehabilitation study comparing a predominately introduced species seed mix used by the US Department of Interior-Bureau of Land Management (BLM), a mix of native and introduced species provided by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and 2 native seed mixes (high and low diversity). Mixes were seeded with a rangeland drill on the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young] Welsh) study area whereas the pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis Engelm.-Juniperus osteosperma [Torr.] Little) woodland study area was aerially seeded followed by 1-way chaining. On drill-seeded plots and by the third year after seeding the native high-diversity mix (16.4 kg pure live seed [PLS](.)ha(-1)) had the highest seeded species cover (11.5%) and density (14 plants(.)m(-2)). Both the BLM (9.3 kg PLS(.)ha(-1)) and ARS (9.1 kg PLS(.)ha(-1)) seed mixes had higher seeded species cover (BLM 8.5%, ARS = 8.2%) and density (BLM = 8.4 and ARS = 7.2 plants(.)m(-2)) than plots seeded to the low-diversity native mix (8 kg PLS(.)ha(-1), cover = 3.8%, density = 3.6 plants(.)m(-2)). Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides [Roemer and J. A. Schultes] Barkworth 'Nezpar') in the native high-diversity mix was especially successful on the sandy soils of the drill site, whereas seeds of other species may have been buried too deep for optimum emergence. Aerially-seeded and chained plots had similar and successful seeded species frequency, cover, and density (third-year average = 10.6% cover, 17.2 plants(.)m(-2)) among all species mixes. All seeded plots had lower cover of annual species than unseeded plots, indicating that revegetation is necessary to reduce weed invasion following catastrophic wildfire in big sagebrush communities lacking residual perennial understory vegetation. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Cedar City, UT 84721 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84601 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Round, BA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bruce_roundy@byu.edu NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.2111/05-189R1.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046PX UT WOS:000237824600002 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL ZoBell, DR Olson, KC Jensen, KB Snyder, DL AF Waldron, Blair L. ZoBell, Dale R. Olson, Kenneth C. Jensen, Kevin B. Snyder, Donald L. TI Stockpiled forage Kochia to maintain beef cows during winter SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE backfat; body condition; economics; fall grazing; forage quality; crested wheatgrass ID PROSTRATA L SCHRAD; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; FESCUE PRAIRIE; HEREFORD COWS; FALL; RANGE; GRASSES; QUALITY AB Extending grazing into the winter, as opposed to feeding of harvested forages, can increase the sustainability of ranching in the western US. This study was conducted to determine the economic value of grazing stockpiled forage kochia (Kochia prostrata [L.] Scrad.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch. Ex Link] Schultes) during the fall and winter. Changes in cow body weight, body condition score, and ultrasound backfat were compared for late-gestation cows grazing forage kochia-crested wheatgrass pastures vs. those fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay in drylot. The study was conducted from early November to late January for 2 consecutive years near Promontory, Utah. Forage availability and nutritional quality were monitored throughout the experiment. Cows grazing stockpiled forages did not receive any protein or energy supplements. Forage kochia comprised approximately 70% of available forage, with November crude protein content of 116 and 76 g(.)kg(-1) in years 1 and 2, respectively. Nutritional quality declined throughout the season, presumably mostly because of removal of higher-quality forage by preferential grazing as opposed to weathering. Averaged over years, cows grazing forage kochia-grass gained body weight (19 kg), increased in body condition (0.3 points), and maintained backfat thickness, finishing well within the range considered optimum for onset of calving and return to estrus. Pasture- vs. drylot-fed cows did not differ with regard to changes in body weight or body condition score. Both treatments increased backfat in year 1, when initial backfat was less than 0.5 cm, but both treatments resulted in loss of backfat in year 2, when initial backfat was greater than 1.0 cm. Grazing was more economical, costing $0.24(.)cow(-1.)d(-1) less than feeding alfalfa hay in drylot. Forage kochia can be used on western rangelands to extend grazing into the fall and winter, thereby improving the profitability of beef production. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Econ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@usu.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.2111/05-121R1.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046PX UT WOS:000237824600006 ER PT J AU Bell, JM Robinson, CA Schwartz, RC AF Bell, JM Robinson, CA Schwartz, RC TI Changes in soil properties and enzymatic activities following manure applications to a rangeland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE phosphomonoesterase; dehydrogenase; short-grass rangeland; cattle manure; soil phosphorous ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; BLUE GRAMA; NITROGEN; DEHYDROGENASE; ENZYMES AB Manure amendments to rangelands may alter soil functions related to nutrient recycling. We investigated the influence of grazing and cattle manure on soil carbon, nitrogen, Mehlich 3 phosphorus, and activities of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Fertilizer treatments (unamended, manure, or urea + potassium dihydrogen phosphate [KH2PO4] fertilizer) were imposed under grazed and nongrazed conditions in a short-grass native rangeland. Manure was applied at rates of similar to 125 kg N ha(-1) and similar to 42 kg P ha(-1), and urea + KH2PO4 was applied at 75 kg N ha(-1) and 20 kg P ha(-1), respectively. Total aboveground biomass and soil samples at 4 depths (0-200 mm) were collected throughout 2 growing seasons. A controlled environment study also evaluated fertilizer source effects on enzymatic activities at 5 P rates (0-120 mg(.)kg(-1) P as manure or urea + KH2PO4). Amendments significantly (P < 0.05) increased extractable P following the second application for the 3 uppermost depth increments. Extractable P was greatest on manure-amended plots, increasing 44% from February 1999 to July 2000 at the surface. However, increases in P extractability as a proportion of total P applied were similar for manure and KH2PO4. Enzymatic activities were significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by sampling date and soil depth. There were no consistent grazing effects on enzyme activities. Amendments did not influence dehydrogenase activities in the field; however, in the controlled environment, activities averaged 16% greater across all rates for manure-amended soil as compared with urea + KH2PO4-amended soil (P = 0.025). Phosphatase activities increased significantly following manure applications under both field (P = 0.007) and controlled environment (P = 0.003) conditions. Elevated phosphatase activities following manure applications probably led to enhanced P mineralization and similar P extractabilities as a proportion of total P applied for manure- and KH2PO4-amended soils. Therefore, when determining applications rates, total manure P should be considered bioavailable. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. W Texas State Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP Bell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM jbeil@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.2111/05-172R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046PX UT WOS:000237824600011 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Svejcar, T Riegel, G AF Blank, RR Svejcar, T Riegel, G TI Soil attributes in a Sierra Nevada riparian meadow as influenced by grazing SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lysimeter; nitrate; redox potential; root-length density; soil solution; water quality ID SERENGETI GRASSLANDS; PLANT-GROWTH; CATTLE; VEGETATION; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; STREAM; RESPONSES; NITRATE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Data on the effects of livestock grazing on soil nutrient availability are virtually nonexistent for meadow systems. We measured the effect of livestock grazing on soil, emphasizing soil-solution chemistry, in a Sierra Nevada riparian meadow. Treatments were livestock exclusion (begun in 1989) and grazing to leave 1000 kg(.)ha(-1) of vegetation. Ceramic tension lysimeters were placed in the treatments (2 replicates) by landscape position (stream edge, midfloodplain, and forest edge), and by depth (approximately 0.1, 0.6, and 1.2 in below the soil surface). Lysimeter water was extracted twice monthly in April, May, and June of 1990 through 1993, and cations and anions were quantified. In addition, KCl-extractable NO3- and NH4+; bicarbonate-extractable ortho-P; available Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn; and root-length density (RLD) were quantified in soils by treatment, landscape position, and soil depth in July 1991 and September 1993. RLD was not affected by grazing. Significant (P <= 0.05) treatment effects were largely limited to the forest edge. The grazed treatment had greater lysimeter-extractable Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, and NO3-; higher pH; and less K+ and NH4+ than the excluded treatment. Compared with corresponding excluded treatments, bicarbonate-extractable P was significantly greater on the grazed forest edge, and available Mn was significantly greater at the grazed stream-edge position in 1991. Extractable NO3- was significantly higher in the 0-25 cm depth increment of the grazed treatment, and available Zn was significantly greater on the grazed midfloodplain position in 1993. Grazing did not result in more anoxic soil conditions than the excluded treatment. Grazing effects were most pronounced at the forest edge, possibly as a result of spatial transfer of nutrients via cow urine and feces. Management goals to sustain high-elevation meadows should emphasize maintenance of high RLD to sequester soil nutrients. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Cent Oregon Ecol Program, Deschutes Natl Forest, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.2111/04-144R2.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046PX UT WOS:000237824600012 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Johnson, DE Kniep, MA Jermann, P Huttash, B Wood, A Johnson, M McGillivan, C Titus, K AF Clark, PE Johnson, DE Kniep, MA Jermann, P Huttash, B Wood, A Johnson, M McGillivan, C Titus, K TI An advanced, low-cost, GPS-Based animal tracking system SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity budgets; animal behavior; global positioning system; habitat use; real-time; telemetry tracking AB An improved global positioning system (GPS)-based animal tracking system is needed to meet quickly evolving demands of ecological research, range livestock production, and natural resource management. Commercially available tracking systems lack the data storage capacity needed to frequently collect animal location data (e.g., 15-minute intervals or less) over long-term deployment periods (e.g., 1 year or more). Some commercial systems have remote data-download capabilities, reducing the need to recapture tagged animals for data retrieval, but these systems download data via satellite (Argos), global system for mobile communications (GSM) cellular telephone, or telemetry radio frequencies. Satellite systems are excessively expensive, and GSM cellular coverage is extremely limited within the United States. Radio-based systems use narrow-band very-high- or ultra-high frequencies requiring the user to obtain frequency allocations. None of these existing systems were designed to provide continual, real-time data access. The Clark GPS Animal Tracking System (Clark ATS) was developed to meet the evolving demands of animal ethologists, ecologists, natural resource managers, and livestock producers. The Clark ATS uses memory-card technology for expandable data storage from 16 megabytes to 8 gigabytes. Remote data downloading and program uploading is accomplished using spread-spectrum radio transceivers, which do not require narrow-band radio frequency allocations. These radios also transmit, at a user-defined time interval, a real-time, GPS-location beacon to any Clark ATS base station within range (about 24 km or 15 miles line of sight). Advances incorporated into the Clark ATS make it possible to evaluate animal behavior at very fine spatial- and temporal-resolution over long periods of time. The real-time monitoring provided by this system enables researchers to accurately examine animal distribution and activity responses to acute, short-term disturbances relative to longer-term behavioral patterns. The Clark ATS also provides a huge time- and cost-savings to researchers and natural resource managers attempting to relocate a tagged animal in the field for direct observation or other operations. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Micron Technol Inc, Boise, ID 83716 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Boise, ID 83714 USA. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pclark@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.2111/05-162R.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046PX UT WOS:000237824600014 ER PT J AU Rivera, FH Wesley, I Hurd, S Simoes, D Sosa, A Rivera, S AF Rivera P., Fernando H. Wesley, Irene Hurd, Scoff Simoes, David Sosa, Alix Rivera, Sergio TI Microbiological and molecular detection of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in a cull sows process plant in USA SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA Spanish DT Article DE cull sows; Listeria spp.; L. monocytogenes; PCR multiplex; food safety; HACCP ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PORK MEAT; PCR; ASSAY; FOOD; ENVIRONMENT; PRODUCTS; PROBE; PIGS AB Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes presence in a cull sows processor plant in USA, was evaluated by and PCR multiplex method. 160 cull sows were surveyed after slaughter. Samples were collected from sub-iliac node, iliocecal node, cecal content and carcass swabs. Additionally samples were taken from environment plant and from raw meat ready to be processed. A total of 708 samples were processed. Using traditional microbiology method were found 5.2% of samples positive to Listeria spp. and 0.14% to L. monocytogenes. With PCR multiplex 4.1% were positive to Listeria spp. and 0.85% to L. monocytogenes. There was not significant difference (P >= 0.05) in the results obtained with PCR multiplex and traditional microbiology procedures. In relation with the raw material that leaves the slaughter area to be processed inside the same plant, Listeria spp. was observed in 1.9% swabs carcass, and 5% of raw sow meat sampled. Listeria spp. was identified in 6.3% and L. monocytogenes in 1.3% of subiliac nodes. It was not any iliocecal node positive to Listeria. Samples supposedly related with the infection source in the process plant, cecal content sample were 19% positive to Listeria spp. and 2.5% to L. monocytogenes. Environmental samples were 4.2% positive to Listeria spp. There were not differences between the conventional microbiology procedure and PCR multiplex technique for this pathogen when carcass swabs and ilicecal node were evaluated with both techniques. Differences were observed between the samples from cecal content and sub-iliac node P = 0.0168 < 0.05 and P = 0.0038 < 0.05 respectively. With the PCR multiplex technique, results were obtained in 8 hours after the second enrichment culture period of the each sample. With traditional microbiological it took 8 days. The incorporation of molecular methodology in the verification process for microbiological controls in the food industry, would allow an important improvement of the effectiveness and dynamics in the food safety systems implanted at the food industries. C1 Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. Lab Referencia Las Naciones, Maracaibo, Venezuela. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rivera, FH (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. EM privera@luz.edu.ve NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 297 EP 307 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 060XZ UT WOS:000238836700012 ER PT J AU Absher, JD Vaske, JJ Bright, AD Donnelly, MP AF Absher, JD Vaske, JJ Bright, AD Donnelly, MP TI Ipsative crystallization effects on wildland fire attitude - Policy support models SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE attitudes; crystallization; ipsative; norms; policy; wildland fire ID NORMS AB Understanding public attitudes toward wildland fire management policies is important for effectively managing natural resources and communicating with the pubic. Ipsative crystallization is a measure of individual attitude consensus. This article examines the utility of ipsative crystallization (IC) measures in better understanding attitudes toward and support for three wildland fire management policies ( let the fire burn, contain the fire, and put the fire out). Data were obtained from a mailed survey of 1269 visitors to three national forests adjacent to large urban areas of the western United States. IC was operationalized as each respondent's standard deviation from repeated measures of policy support across a set of wildland fire scenarios, and ranged from 0 (high crystallization) to 3.21 (low crystallization). Results indicated that between 41% (let the fire burn) and 53% (contain the fire) of the respondents were highly crystallized in their support for wildland fire policies. IC moderated the effect of attitudes toward wildland fire on support for each wildland fire policy. Results provide evidence that IC may be an important, unrecognized variable in ongoing efforts to affect wildland fire policy support. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Recreat & Tourism, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Absher, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM jabsher@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1080/08941920600561009 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 036VR UT WOS:000237104800001 ER PT J AU Xu, MX Zhao, Y Liu, GB Wilson, GV AF Xu, MX Zhao, Y Liu, GB Wilson, GV TI Identification of soil quality factors and indicators for the Loess Plateau of China SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land use; soil quality indicators; soil quality factors; hilly Loess Plateau ID CONSERVATION; ATTRIBUTES; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; EROSION; SCALE AB Soil quality has been significantly degraded in the Loess Plateau of China by soil erosion. Our objectives were to (i) identify regional-scale soil quality factors (groupings), (ii) select soil attributes within these factors that can be used as indicators of soil quality, and (iii) determine the impact of land use on these soil quality factors and indicators for the Loess Plateau in China. Soil samples were taken from the 0- to 20-cm depth in five catchments with 10 different land use types, and 32 soil properties were determined. Through principal component and discriminant analyses, the five critical soil quality factors identified were organic matter, texture, phosphorus, porosity, and microstructure. Within these factors, the individual attributes that best served as indicators of soil quality were organic matter, hydraulic conductivity, antiscourability, cation exchange capacity, invertase, mean weight diameter of aggregate, available phosphorous, and mean weight diameter of micro-aggregates. Among these indicators, available phosphorus, antiscourability, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, and urease were highly sensitive to land use. Organic matter, hydraulic conductivity, and antiscourability were found to be the most important indicators to characterize soil quality in this loess plateau. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil Erosion & Dryland Farming Loes, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Xu, MX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM mingxiang_xu@yahoo.com.cn; gvwilson@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 400 EP 413 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000209359.55322.aa PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 046TG UT WOS:000237833400005 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Krogstad, T Sharpley, AN AF Vadas, PA Krogstad, T Sharpley, AN TI Modeling phosphorus transfer between labile and nonlabile soil pools: Updating the EPIC model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; RESIDUAL PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; RUNOFF; PHOSPHATE; MANAGEMENT; EXTRACTABILITY; AVAILABILITY; PREDICTION AB Phosphorus transfer from agricultural soils to surface waters is an important environmental issue. Commonly used computer models like EPIC have not always been appropriately updated to reflect our improved understanding of soil P transformations and transfer to runoff. Our objectives were to determine if replacing EPIC's constant sorption and desorption rate factor (0.1) with more dynamic rate factors can more accurately predict changes in soil labile P on addition to and depletion of P from soils. From published data, methods were developed to easily determine dynamic sorption and desorption rate constants from soil properties. These methods were tested with data from new soil P incubation experiments where changes in soil labile P after P addition to and depletion from nine U.S. soils were measured. Replacing constant 0.1 P sorption rate factors with dynamic factors improved prediction of soil labile P with time after P additions but more so for high-clay than low-clay soils. EPIC's constant 0.1 P desorption rate factor greatly underpredicted soil P desorption. Increasing the constant to 0.6 improved predictions, whereas dynamic P desorption rate factors most accurately predicted P desorption. Soil P simulations showed that replacing constant P sorption and desorption rate factors with dynamic ones may change dissolved P loads (kg ha(-1)) in runoff for common soil, cropping, and runoff scenarios by only 1 to 8% in the long term but by 8 to 30% in the short term. These improvements are recommended given the simplicity of making EPIC's sorption and desorption rate factors dynamic. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant Environ Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 736 EP 743 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0067 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500004 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Wattiaux, MA Broderick, GA Moreira, VR Casler, MD AF Powell, JM Wattiaux, MA Broderick, GA Moreira, VR Casler, MD TI Dairy diet impacts on fecal chemical properties and nitrogen cycling in soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SILAGE-BASED DIETS; ANIMAL MANURE; PROTEIN-LEVEL; ALFALFA; CATTLE; N-15 AB Availability of manure nitrogen (N) to crops is mitigated by many factors including manure type and composition. Whereas relationships between dairy diets, milk production, manure N excretion, and urine N losses as ammonia have been documented, very little information exists on how diets impact fecal carbon (C), N content, and partitioning, and how these factors impact fecal N mineralization and plant N uptake after application to soil. Feces from 24 to 63 dairy cows (Bos taurus) fed 14 typical diets were incubated aerobically in a sandy loam and two silt loam soils, and soil inorganic N (IN) was determined periodically during a 365-d period. Feces from 12 of the 14 diets were applied to the same soils and oat (Avena sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and sorghum ratoon dry matter (DM) and N uptake were determined over a 155-d period. Feces from cows fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage (AS)-based diets generally lead to higher soil IN levels than soils amended with feces from corn (Zea mays L.) silage (CS)-based diets, especially in soils amended with feces from CS-low crude protein (LCP) diets; feces from AS-based diets increased plant DM and N uptake; after application to a silt loam, feces from high crude protein (HCP) diets resulted in greater soil IN levels than feces from LCP diets; and feces from LCP diets did not impact soil IN but decreased plant DM and N uptake. Carbon to N (C/N) ratios of applied feces were found to be significant predictors of plant DM and N uptake. There appears to be a range of dietary options that satisfy nutritional requirements of high-producing dairy cows and produce feces having differential effects on soil N mineralization and plant N uptake after application to soil. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr SE Res Stn, Franklinton, LA 70438 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmpowel2@wisc.edu RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 786 EP 794 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0286 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500010 ER PT J AU Serna-Perez, A Monger, HC Herrick, JE Murray, L AF Serna-Perez, A Monger, HC Herrick, JE Murray, L TI Carbon dioxide emissions from exhumed petrocalcic horizons SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LAND-USE CHANGE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; SOIL CARBONATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STABLE CARBON; SEQUESTRATION; CO2; USA AB The second largest pool of terrestrial carbon is soil CaCO3. In addition to being an important sink of atmospheric CO2, soil carbonate is potentially an important source of atmospheric CO2. The cemented form of soil carbonate-the petrocalcic horizon -develops in geomorphically stable soil in arid, semiarid, and some subhumid climates. In many of these dryland areas, such as the Chillualman Desert of North America, erosion has stripped away overlying soil and exhumed the petrocalcic horizon, thereby exposing it to a weathering zone above the calcification zone where it normally forms. This research tested the hypothesis that soil type I (eroded Aridisols with exhumed petrocalcic horizons) will emit more CO2 than soil type 2 (noneroded Aridisols with petrocalcic horizons) or soil type 3 (Entisols formed in sandy, noncalcareous sediments). We tested this hypothesis by comparing the amount Of CO2 and the delta C-13 Of CO2 released from the three soil types. Using a randomized complete block design, CO2 emissions were measured using NaOH and soda time traps from June 2002 to October 2003. Neither the NaOH traps nor soda lime traps detected any statistical difference in cumulative CO2 emissions from the three soil types at the alpha = 0.05 level. Moreover, the isotopic analysis Of CO2 did not match the isotopic values of pedogenic carbonate, nor were there any statistical differences lot = 0.05) in VC of CO2 among the three soil types. We conclude, therefore, that exhumed petrocalcic horizons are not actively emitting CO2 at a rate significantly greater than adjacent soils, and thus carbon stored in petrocalcic horizons can be considered a recalcitrant reservoir within the decadal timeframe pertinent to carbon sequestration policies. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agricolas & Pacuarias, Calera 98500, Zacatecas, Mexico. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Monger, HC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM cmonger@nmsu.edu OI Serna-Perez, Alfonso/0000-0001-8718-9843 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 795 EP 805 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0099 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500011 ER PT J AU Nelson, MA Griffith, SM Steiner, JJ AF Nelson, MA Griffith, SM Steiner, JJ TI Tillage effects on nitrogen dynamics and grass seed crop production in Western Oregon, USA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTRASTING CLIMATIC YEARS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOURCE FERTILIZATION; ITALIAN RYEGRASS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL; SYSTEMS; WHEAT; CULTIVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Understanding N soil fertility in grass seed crops will lead to improved fertilizer practices and preserve water quality in Willamette Valley, Oregon. This study determined the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on N dynamics and grass seed crop growth and seed yield on moderately well-drained (MWD) and a well-drained (WD) soils either in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) or fine fescue (F rubra L.) production. Temporal changes in soil N, N mineralization and immobilization, crop N uptake and biomass accumulation, and microbial biomass C (MBC) were determined. Net N mineralization was determined using the in situ buried bag method and MBC by fumigation extraction. Tillage treatment had no effect on fine fescue and tall fescue seed yield during the 3 yr of production. Soil MBC, under NT, was 20 to 30% higher (P = 0.05), regardless of soil drainage class or time of year, compared to the CT soil. Soils at the WD site had twice the amount of MBC compared to MWD. Crop N uptake was lowest in the fall and highest when soil N was elevated in the spring. Tillage enhanced annual total net N mineralization at the better-drained site (WD) resulting in more potential soil NO3 to be leached the following winter high precipitation months when the crop's demand for N is low. This was especially true for fallow years when an actively growing crop was lacking. Net N mineralization was little affected by tillage in the more poorly drained soil. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM griffits@onid.orst.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 825 EP 831 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0248 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500014 ER PT J AU Mamedov, AI Huang, C Levy, GJ AF Mamedov, AI Huang, C Levy, GJ TI Antecedent moisture content and aging duration effects on seal formation and erosion in smectitic soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; WATER-CONTENT; CRUST FORMATION; SPLASH DETACHMENT; INTERRILL EROSION; INFILTRATION-RATE; CLAY CONTENT; WETTING RATE; RAINFALL; ENERGY AB Soil susceptibility to seal formation and erosion depends on its inherent properties and surface conditions. Our objective was to study the interaction of two different surface conditions, antecedent moisture content (AMC) and aging duration, on sea] formation and erosion in four smectitic soils. Soil samples were packed in trays and wetted with different amounts of water (0, 1, 2,3,4,6,8, or 16 mm) with a mist type rain. The wetted samples were put in plastic bags and allowed to age for 0.01, 1, 3, or 7 d. The soil trays were exposed to 60 mm of distilled water rain of high energy. At no aging (0.0.1 d), runoff volume (a measure for seal development) and soil loss increased with an increase in AMC mainly because of enhanced slaking. In general, runoff and soil loss decreased with the increase in aging duration. For instance, in the Clay (Y) soil, to which 3 mm of water was added, as aging increased from I to 7 d, runoff decreased from 39 to 28 mm, and soil loss decreased from 660 to 397 g m(2). For any given aging duration, the smallest runoff volume and soil loss were obtained at the intermediate AMC levels (2, 3, and 4 mm of water added); at this AMC range, increasing aging time resulted in up to 40% decrease in runoff or soil loss. The effects of aging at these AMC levels (generally between wilting point and field capacity [i.e., pF 4.1-2.4]) were significantly more pronounced for clay soils probably because at these AMCs water-filled pores in the clay fabric were considered active in the stabilization process and the development of cohesive bonds between and within particles during the aging period. Soil erosion changed with the increase in aging duration in a manner similar to runoff, suggesting that runoff was the main precursor to erosion under these conditions. C1 Agr Res Org, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Mamedov, AI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amrakh@purdue.edu NR 57 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 832 EP 843 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0391 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500015 ER PT J AU Gaur, A Horton, R Jaynes, DB Baker, JL AF Gaur, A Horton, R Jaynes, DB Baker, JL TI Measured and predicted solute transport in a tile drained field SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SUBSURFACE DRAINS; REACTIVE SOLUTES; UNSATURATED SOIL; PARAMETERS; PESTICIDE; BREAKTHROUGH AB Most solute transport measurement techniques are tedious and require extensive soil excavation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate whether surface transport properties determined by a nondestructive time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique could be used to accurately predict tile flux concentrations. A 14 by 14 m field plot selected above a 1.1-m deep tile drain was studied. Low electrical conductivity (EC) water was sprinkled on the plot surface, and after reaching a steady-state condition, a pulse of calcium chloride solution (16.3 cm) with an EC of 23 dS m(-1) was applied through the same sprinklers. Time domain reflectometry equipment was used to record the change in EC of surface (similar to top 2 cm) soil at 45 locations. The EC of the tile drainage flow was measured continuously with an EC probe. The surface convective lognormal transfer (CLT) function parameters, log mean irrigation depth, mu(I), and its standard deviation, sigma(I), were found to be 3.44 and 0.94 [In(cm)], respectively, for a reference depth of 110 cm. These surface parameters were used in a one-dimensional (1-D) CLT model and in a two-dimensional (2-D) model (CLT vertical function combined with exponential horizontal transfer function) to predict the tile flux concentrations. The 1-D CUT model predicted an earlier arrival time of chemicals to the tile drain than observed values. The root mean square error, RMSE, of the 1-D CLT predictions was 0.123, and the coefficient of efficiency, E, was -0.47. The 2-D model predictions of tile flux concentrations were similar to the observed values. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) and E were 0.023 and 0.94, respectively. The findings suggest that in this field soil, the surface solute transport properties determined by TDR could be combined with a 2-D transport model to make reasonable predictions of tile flux concentrations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, IWMI, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhorton@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 872 EP 881 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0249 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500020 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Fortuna, AM Senwo, ZN Tazisong, IA Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS AF He, ZQ Fortuna, AM Senwo, ZN Tazisong, IA Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS TI Hydrochloric fractions in Hedley fractionation may contain inorganic and organic phosphates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; CULTIVATION; FORMS; TRANSFORMATIONS; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTIONS AB Accurately characterizing phosphorus (P) forms is a prerequisite to developing effective remediation strategies to minimize the adverse environmental impact of agricultural expansion. Modified or unmodified Hedley sequential fractionation procedures have been widely used for characterizing P forms in soil, animal manure, and biosolids. Hydrochloric acid (HCI) fractions in these procedures have often been assumed to contain no organic P. As a result, many researchers for the last two decades have measured concentrations of inorganic P in HCI fractions without measuring organic P. In this study, we measured colorimetrically concentrations of inorganic P in untreated (control) HCI fractions after 3-phytase incubation or oxidative autoclaving of these fractions. Phosphorus concentrations in some samples were also determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The increases in measured P concentrations, compared with the controls, were attributed to organic P in these fractions. Data for 15 soil and eight manure samples indicated that, although HCI fractions of some samples contained negligible amounts of organic P, others contained significant amounts of organic P. The concentrations of organic P were greater than inorganic P in one soil sample and two manure samples. We recommend that organic P in HCI fractions be measured experimentally to determine whether the HCI fraction contains inorganic and organic P. Identification of possible organic P species contained in HCI fractions of the Hedley sequential fractionation schemes would provide more accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the fates and interchanges of P forms in soil and animal manure under various environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012; OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0152 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500022 ER PT J AU Davis, JH Griffith, SM Horwath, WR Steiner, JJ Myrold, DD AF Davis, JH Griffith, SM Horwath, WR Steiner, JJ Myrold, DD TI Fate of nitrogen-15 in a perennial ryegrass seed field and herbaceous riparian area SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; CULTIVATED SOILS; ROOT TEMPERATURE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; WESTERN OREGON; NITRATE; AMMONIUM AB Intensive management of grass seed fields in the poorly drained soils of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, has prompted concern in the capacity of these landscapes and their associated minimally managed riparian areas to process and retain fertilizer N. Our goal was to determine the extent of N losses and effectiveness of a riparian area and an adjacent perennial ryegrass seed field to retain N. The fate of fertilizer (NH4)-N-15 and (NO3)-N-15 was determined with a N-15 tracer experiment. During the second year of the study, N-15 recovery in the plant and soil (0-30 cm) from the cropping system was 51% for (NH4)-N-15 and 43% for (NO3)-N-15, whereas recovery in the riparian area was only 20% of (NH4)-N-15 and 31% of (NO3)-N-15. Greater cropping system retention of N-15 resulted from both greater uptake by the crop and greater retention of N-15 in the soil. Low recovery of N-15 in the riparian area was possibly the result of two significant spring flood events saturating the surface soil of the riparian area but not the cropping system. The prolonged seasonal saturated conditions significantly reduced riparian plant biomass production and N uptake and increased the potential of N loss through overland flow and denitrification. Results indicate that the cropping system had larger available N pools and a larger potential to retain fertilizer N than the riparian zone. However, both areas were prone to substantial loss of applied N. C1 USDA ARS, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM griffits@onid.orst.edu RI Myrold, David/E-1813-2011 OI Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X NR 52 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 909 EP 919 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0223 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500024 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AC Schillinger, WF AF Kennedy, AC Schillinger, WF TI Soil quality and water intake in traditional-till vs. no-till paired farms in Washington's Palouse region SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; BULK-DENSITY; WHEAT; STORAGE; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Many farmers in the steeply sloped Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho practice no-till (NT) farming. Soil quality and water intake parameters were assessed in standing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble along summit, side, and toe-slope positions in a 2-yr study at three paired-farm sites using traditional tillage (T-F) vs. NT management. Paired sites had similar south-facing aspect, slopes ranged from 29 to 45%, and NT fields had not been tilled from 2 to 20 yr. Soil aggregates > 1000 gin were 5.4 to 9.8% higher in NT compared with TT. Soil organic carbon (SOC) in NT was 30% greater than in TT at the toe-slope position. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DEA) was higher in TT, mainly due to the exposed CaCO3 layer at the side-slope position and higher pH of TY. Phospholipid fatty acid methyl ester (PLFA) analysis showed that fungal biomarkers were higher and Gram positive and Gram negative biomarkers were lower in NTT compared with TT. There were no differences in over-winter soil water storage or ponded water infiltration rate in undisturbed standing wheat stubble between TT and NT, indicating soils that produce high wheat grain yield of 6 Mg ha(-1) or more have similar water intake regardless of tillage history as long as the stubble is left standing over winter. Results show long-term cumulative benefits of NT vs. TT on soil quality, but no differences in soil water intake when stubble is left standing over winter, possibly due to the high quantity of wheat root channels produced in both systems. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stn, Lind, WA 99341 USA. RP Kennedy, AC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 217 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM akennedy@wsu.edu OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 940 EP 949 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0160 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500027 ER PT J AU Olk, DC Gregorich, EG AF Olk, DC Gregorich, EG TI Overview of the symposium proceedings, "Meaningful pools in determining soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics" SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; TERM CROP ROTATIONS; NO-TILLAGE; ORGANOMINERAL COMPLEXES; AGGREGATE STRUCTURE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; LIGHT-FRACTION; TURNOVER; CULTIVATION AB Extraction of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions has been a long-standing approach to elucidating the pivotal roles of SOM in soil processes. Several types of extraction procedures are commonly used, and all provide partial information on SOM function. This report and accompanying papers summarize the information regarding SOM functions in real-world issues that has been gained through physical or chemical fractionations. Each procedure has its strengths and weaknesses; each is capable to some degree of distinguishing labile SOM fractions from nonlabile fractions for studying soil processes, such as the cycling of a specific soil nutrient or anthropogenic compound, and each is based on an agent for SOM stabilization. Physical fractionations capture the effects on SOM dynamics of the spatial arrangement of primary and secondary organomineral particles in soil, but they do not consider chemical agents for SOM stabilization. They appear better suited for C cycling than N cycling. Chemical fractionations cannot consider the spatial arrangement, but their purely organic fractions are suitable for advanced chemical characterization and can be used to elucidate molecular-level interactions between SOM and nutrients or other organic compounds. During all fractionations., the potential exists for sample alteration or mixing of material among fractions. We call for better coordination of research efforts by (i) developing integrated fractionation procedures that include physical, chemical, and/or biological components, and (ii) categorizing fractionations by their most suitable applications, defined by the nutrient, compound, or soil process in question, land use or crop type, crop management strategies, soil type, and possibly other factors. Selecting the most suitable fractionation procedure for a given research application would enable more precise approximation of the functional SOM pool. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov RI Gregorich, Edward/J-9785-2012; OI Gregorich, Edward/0000-0003-3652-2946 NR 76 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 31 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0111 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500030 ER PT J AU Olk, DC AF Olk, DC TI A chemical fractionation for structure-function relations of soil organic matter in nutrient cycling SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; LOWLAND RICE SOILS; BIOLOGICAL STABILITY; AGGREGATE STABILITY; VERMICULITIC SOIL; COTTON RESPONSE; NITROGEN; HUMIFICATION; POTASSIUM; CARBON AB Chemical extractions of soil organic matter (SOM) have not been widely used to elucidate the dynamics of SOM in field settings, especially to address issues of nutrient cycling. To illustrate potential applications of chemical extractions to nutrient issues, this report reviews studies in which the extraction of SOM fractions was based on their binding to polyvalent soil cations. Radiocarbon ages and cycling rates of C-13 and N-15 indicated that the unbound mobile humic acid (MHA) fraction cycled faster than did the cationic-bound calcium humate (CaHA) fraction. Analyses for C, N, H, and 0 concentrations and for biochemical groups including carboxyl, phenol, amino, diester P, and free radicals demonstrated that the MHA consisted of more labile and less humified materials than did the CaHA. Quantities and chemical natures of both fractions responded to recent crop management, especially those of the MHA. Three case studies are described in which characterization of the M HA and CaHA contributed toward a process-level understanding of nutrient cycling: (i) a phenol accumulation in the MHA fraction was linked to an inhibition of N mineralization in tropical lowland soils under continuous rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping, (ii) addition of the MHA to California cotton (Gossypium hirstum L.) soils in laboratory studies resulted in increased K availability and plant K uptake, reproducing the benefit of animal manure application in field conditions, and (iii) effects of straw management and winter flooding on N cycling in California rice soils were elucidated by studying a fraction comparablwe to the MHA fraction. This fractionation is well suited for studying N dynamics, especially in soils enriched in phenolic compounds, and it enabled the linkage of SOM function with chemical nature. It worked well in C-rich flooded soils but needs further evaluation in upland aerobic soils. Further insight into chemical structure and function relations might be achieved by its integration with physical and biological extractions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov NR 53 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 40 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0108 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500035 ER PT J AU Sims, GK AF Sims, GK TI Using the berthelot method for nitrite and nitrate analysis SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID SOIL EXTRACTS; WATER C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sims, GK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gksims@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1038 EP 1038 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0408l PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 039YL UT WOS:000237344500039 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Tyler, DD Mullen, MD Houston, AE Joslin, JD Hodges, DG Tolbert, VR Walsh, ME AF Devine, WD Tyler, DD Mullen, MD Houston, AE Joslin, JD Hodges, DG Tolbert, VR Walsh, ME TI Conversion from an American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) biomass crop to a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) system: Crop yields and management implications SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE American sycamore; corn; bioenergy crops; crop rotation; fertilization; nitrogen immobilization ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SOIL-NITROGEN; ROOT DECOMPOSITION; NEW-YORK; FOREST; PLANTATIONS; AVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; PLANTINGS; REMOVAL AB It is not known if a short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) grown on a historically agricultural site will affect subsequent row crops if the site is returned to annual row crop production after harvest of the SRWC. The objectives of this study were to determine the. feasibility of converting an American sycamore biomass plantation to a no-till corn system and to document the effects of the sycamore plantation on corn grain yields and N fertilizer efficacy. The study was in southwestern TN, USA, on a Memphis-Loring silt loam intergrade (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs-fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs). Four-year (SY4C) and 5-year (SY5C) rotations of American sycamore were followed by no-till corn. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] followed by corn (SBC) was a control treatment. Four rates of broadcast NH4NO3 (0, 73, 146, and 219 kg N ha(-1)) were applied to corn crops. The quantity of N removed in the harvest of the sycamore crop was similar to that of a sin-le harvest of corn grain; thus, the SRWC did not constitute a significant loss of N from the system. No mechanical problems were encountered when planting no-till corn over sycamore stumps. Stump total N concentration increased from 2.2 to 8.5 g kg(-1) in the first 104 weeks after sycamore harvest, likely due to microbial immobilization. While first- and second-year corn after sycamore required 219 kg ha-1 fertilizer N to maximize grain yield, third-year corn after sycamore and corn grown after soybean both reached maximum yields at 146 kg N ha(-1). These responses suggest that the N fertilizer requirement during at least the first 2 years of corn following sycamore is increased by the sycamore crop. After converting from a SRWC to a row crop, plant-available N should be carefully monitored due to potential losses from N immobilization in woody residues. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Univ Tennessee, W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Agr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ames Plantat, Grand Junction, TN 38039 USA. Belowground Forest Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us OI Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.03.006 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 019UZ UT WOS:000235863500011 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Wiersema, JH AF Yang, Y Wiersema, JH TI Correcting the type designation of Phoebe calcarea S. K. Lee & F. N. Wei (Lauraceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Wiersema, JH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jwiersema@ars-grin.gov OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 2006 VL 55 IS 2 BP 511 EP 512 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 058CP UT WOS:000238642400027 ER PT J AU Ackerson, BK Harveson, LA AF Ackerson, BK Harveson, LA TI Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas. SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL AB Despite the common occurrence of ringtails (Bassariscus astutus) few studies have been conducted to assess population characteristics. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) habitat selection, (2) home range, (3) denning characteristics, and (4) food habits of ringtails in the Trans Pecos region of west Texas. Seventeen ringtails were captured between November 1999 and January 2001 using Havahart live box traps. Second- and third-order habitat selection was determined for a ringtail population using range sites, slope, elevation, and vegetation communities. Diets were determined from volumetric scat analysis. The mean summer and winter range sizes (100% Minimum Convex Polygon [MCP]) for ringtails (n = 5) were 0.28 +/- 0.163 km(2) and 0.63 +/- 0.219 km(2), respectively. Overlap between ringtail ranges averaged 33.3%. Ringtails preferred catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera), persimmon (Diospyros texana), oak (Quercus sp.) bottom and catclaw/goldeneye (Viguiera stenoloba), sideoats (Bouteloua curtipendula) slope communities. Rock dens were used exclusively by ringtails, with 80.6% of dens found on slopes between 30-60%. Plant (seeds and miscellaneous vegetation) and animal material were found in 74.6 and 86.6% of scats, respectively. Findings suggest that ringtails in Trans Pecos, Texas, are an important component of the ecosystem and that management practices should conserve canyon habitats and adjacent slopes for ringtails. C1 Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. RP Ackerson, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM backerson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 58 IS 2 BP 169 EP 184 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 058XU UT WOS:000238698700006 ER PT J AU Szucs, P Karsai, I von Zitzewitz, J Meszaros, K Cooper, LLD Gu, YQ Chen, THH Hayes, PM Skinner, JS AF Szucs, P Karsai, I von Zitzewitz, J Meszaros, K Cooper, LLD Gu, YQ Chen, THH Hayes, PM Skinner, JS TI Positional relationships between photoperiod response QTL and photoreceptor and vernalization genes in barley SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; HORDEUM-VULGARE; FLOWERING TIME; PHYTOCHROME-B; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ALLELIC VARIATION; WHEAT; ARABIDOPSIS; LOCI; TRANSITION AB Winterhardiness has three primary components: photoperiod (day length) sensitivity, vernalization response, and low temperature tolerance. Photoperiod and vernalization regulate the vegetative to reproductive phase transition, and photoperiod regulates expression of key vernalization genes. Using two barley mapping populations, we mapped six individual photoperiod response QTL and determined their positional relationship to the phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptor gene families and the vernalization regulatory genes HvBM5A, ZCCT-H, and HvVRT-2. Of the six photoreceptors mapped in the current study (HvPhyA and HvPhyB to 4HS, HvPhyC to 5HL, HvCry1a and HvCry2 to 6HS, and HvCry1b to 2HL), only HvPhyC coincided with a photoperiod response QTL. We recently mapped the candidate genes for the 5HL VRN-H1 (HvBM5A) and 4HL VRN-H2 (ZCCT-H) loci, and in this study, we mapped HvVRT-2, the barley TaVRT-2 ortholog (a wheat flowering repressor regulated by vernalization and photoperiod) to 7HS. Each of these three vernalization genes is located in chromosome regions determining small photoperiod response QTL effects. HvBM5A and HvPhyC are closely linked on 5HL and therefore are currently both positional candidates for the same photoperiod effect. The coincidence of photoperiod-responsive vernalization genes with photoperiod QTL suggests vernalization genes should also be considered candidates for photoperiod effects. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Agr Res Inst, H-2462 Martonvasar, Hungary. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 253 Crop Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Patrick.M.Hayes@oregonstate.edu RI Meszaros, Klara/B-3286-2013; Karsai, Ildiko/B-2927-2013 NR 39 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0229-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 029SV UT WOS:000236585600009 PM 16489429 ER PT J AU Feltus, FA Hart, GE Schertz, KF Casa, AM Kresovich, S Abraham, S Klein, PE Brown, PJ Paterson, AH AF Feltus, FA Hart, GE Schertz, KF Casa, AM Kresovich, S Abraham, S Klein, PE Brown, PJ Paterson, AH TI Alignment of genetic maps and QTLs between inter- and intra-specific sorghum populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; AFFECTING PLANT HEIGHT; STAY-GREEN; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; RFLP; IDENTIFICATION; MATURITY; TRAITS AB To increase the value of associated molecular tools and also to begin to explore the degree to which interspecific and intraspecific genetic variation in Sorghum is attributable to corresponding genetic loci, we have aligned genetic maps derived from two sorghum populations that share one common parent (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench accession BTx623) but differ in morphological and evolutionarily distant alternate parents (S. propinquum or S. bicolor accession IS3620C). A total of 106 well-distributed DNA markers provide for map alignment, revealing only six nominal differences in marker order that are readily explained by sampling variation or mapping of paralogous loci. We also report a total of 61 new QTLs detected from 17 traits in these crosses. Among eight corresponding traits (some new, some previously published) that could be directly compared between the two maps, QTLs for two (tiller height and tiller number) were found to correspond in a non-random manner (P < 0.05). For several other traits, correspondence of subsets of QTLs narrowly missed statistical significance. In particular, several QTLs for leaf senescence were near loci previously mapped for 'stay-green' that have been implicated by others in drought tolerance. These data provide strong validation for the value of molecular tools developed in the interspecific cross for utilization in cultivated sorghum, and begin to separate QTLs that distinguish among Sorghum species from those that are informative within the cultigen (S. bicolor). C1 Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rubber Res Inst India, Kottayam 686009, Kerala, India. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM feltus@uga.edu NR 23 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1295 EP 1305 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0232-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 029SV UT WOS:000236585600011 PM 16491426 ER PT J AU Sargent, DJ Clarke, J Simpson, DW Tobutt, KR Arus, P Monfort, A Vilanova, S Denoyes-Rothan, B Rousseau, M Folta, KM Bassil, NV Battey, NH AF Sargent, DJ Clarke, J Simpson, DW Tobutt, KR Arus, P Monfort, A Vilanova, S Denoyes-Rothan, B Rousseau, M Folta, KM Bassil, NV Battey, NH TI An enhanced microsatellite map of diploid Fragaria SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; genetic mapping; microsatellites; EST; functional genomics ID REPEAT SSR MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GENOME; STRAWBERRY; GENES; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE AB A total of 45 microsatellites (SSRs) were developed for mapping in Fragaria. They included 31 newly isolated codominant genomic SSRs from F. nubicola and a further 14 SSRs, derived from an expressed sequence tagged library (EST-SSRs) of the cultivated strawberry, F. x ananassa. These, and an additional 64 previously characterised but unmapped SSRs and EST-SSRs, were scored in the diploid Fragaria interspecific F-2 mapping population (FVxFN) derived from a cross between F. vesca 815 and F. nubicola 601. The cosegregation data of these 109 SSRs, and of 73 previously mapped molecular markers, were used to elaborate an enhanced linkage map. The map is composed of 182 molecular markers (175 microsatellites, six gene specific markers and one sequence-characterised amplified region) and spans 424 cM over seven linkage groups. The average marker spacing is 2.3 cM/marker and the map now contains just eight gaps longer than 10 cM. The transferability of the new SSR markers to the cultivated strawberry was demonstrated using eight cultivars. Because of the transferable nature of these markers, the map produced will provide a useful reference framework for the development of linkage maps of the cultivated strawberry and for the development of other key resources for Fragaria such as a physical map. In addition, the map now provides a framework upon which to place transferable markers, such as genes of known function, for comparative mapping purposes within Rosaceae. C1 EMR, E Malling ME19 6BJ, Kent, England. IRTA, Dept Genet Vegetal, Barcelona 08348, Spain. INRA, Unite Rech Especes Fruitieres & Vigne, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Plant Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England. RP Sargent, DJ (reprint author), EMR, New Rd, E Malling ME19 6BJ, Kent, England. EM dan.sargent@emr.ac.uk RI Sargent, Daniel/A-2933-2014; Arus, Pere/F-6443-2015; Monfort, Amparo/K-1356-2015; OI Sargent, Daniel/0000-0002-6686-7147; Arus, Pere/0000-0003-0939-8038; Monfort, Amparo/0000-0001-7106-7745; Denoyes, Beatrice/0000-0002-0369-9609 NR 51 TC 76 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1349 EP 1359 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0237-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 029SV UT WOS:000236585600016 PM 16505996 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Faris, JD Friesen, TL Xu, SS AF Chu, CG Faris, JD Friesen, TL Xu, SS TI Molecular mapping of hybrid necrosis genes Ne1 and Ne2 in hexaploid wheat using microsatellite markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; WINTER-WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; LEAF RUST; COMMON WHEAT; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; CHLOROSIS; CROSSES; TOXIN AB Hybrid necrosis is the gradual premature death of leaves or plants in certain F-1 hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and it is caused by the interaction of two dominant complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2 located on chromosome arms 5BL and 2BS, respectively. To date, molecular markers linked to these genes have not been identified and linkage relationships of the two genes with other important genes in wheat have not been established. We observed that the F-1 hybrids from the crosses between the bread wheat variety 'Alsen' and four synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines (TA4152-19, TA4152-37, TA4152-44, and TA4152-60) developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) exhibited hybrid necrosis. This study was conducted to determine the genotypes of TA4152-60 and Alsen at the Ne1 and Ne2 loci, and to map the genes using microsatellite markers in backcross populations. Genetic analysis indicated that Alsen has the genotype ne1ne1Ne2Ne2 whereas the SHW lines have Ne1Ne1ne2ne2. The microsatellite marker Xbarc74 was linked to Ne1 at a genetic distance of 2.0 cM on chromosome arm 5BL, and Xbarc55 was 3.2 cM from Ne2 on 2BS. Comparison of the genetic maps with the chromosome deletion-based physical maps indicated that Ne1 lies in the proximal half of 5BL, whereas Ne2 is in the distal half of 2BS. Genetic linkage analysis showed that Ne1 was about 35 cM proximal to Tsn1, a locus conferring sensitivity to the host selective toxin Ptr ToxA produced by the tan spot fungus. The closely linked microsatellite markers identified in this study can be used to genotype parental lines for Ne1 and Ne2 or to eliminate the two hybrid necrosis genes using marker-assisted selection. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1374 EP 1381 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0239-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 029SV UT WOS:000236585600018 PM 16518615 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, M Jahn, MM AF Cadle-Davidson, M Jahn, MM TI Differential gene expression in Phaseolus vulgaris I locus NILs challenged with Bean common mosaic virus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SALICYLIC-ACID; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PR-1 GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEINS; INDUCTION; PATHOGENS AB The Phaseolus vulgaris I locus-Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV; Potyviridae) pathosystem is of critical importance to bean geneticists, breeders and pathologists because of the worldwide distribution of both the virus and germplasm containing this resistance gene. In order to learn more about the molecular responses characteristic of this resistance gene, a cDNA-AFLP screen was conducted on homozygous NILs of P. vulgaris variety 'Black Turtle Soup' (BT), containing either the I locus allele for resistance (BTII) or susceptibility (BTii) to BCMV. Eight conditions were compared in a factorial analysis: BTII versus BTii; mock inoculated versus BCMV inoculated; 26 versus 34 degrees C. Transcripts induced in response to viral infection and that were further responsive to temperature, genotype or both were isolated and cloned. Sequence analysis of the resultant clones revealed several classes of putative genes, including transcription-related and signal transduction-related genes. Review of disease resistance literature suggests further avenues of research involving the candidates isolated in this screen. C1 USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mmc27@cornell.edu RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 8 BP 1452 EP 1457 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0247-9 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 042EC UT WOS:000237509700006 PM 16568285 ER PT J AU Oliver, RE Xu, SS Stack, RW Friesen, TL Jin, Y Cai, X AF Oliver, RE Xu, SS Stack, RW Friesen, TL Jin, Y Cai, X TI Molecular cytogenetic characterization of four partial wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum amphiploids and their reactions to Fusarium head blight, tan spot, and Stagonospora nodorum blotch SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; COMMON WHEAT; ALIEN GENES; LEAF-RUST; INTERMEDIUM; HYBRIDS; BARLEY; CHROMOSOME AB Four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-Thinopyrum ponticum derivatives SS5 (PI604926), SS156 (PI604947), SS363 (PI604970), and SS660 (PI604879), were identified as resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a serious fungal disease of wheat worldwide. Seedling reactions to tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), two important foliar diseases of wheat, suggest that these four derivatives are resistant to tan spot and two of them (SS5 and SS156) are resistant to SNB. Fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (FGISH) patterns of mitotic chromosomes indicate that these four derivatives are partial wheat-Th. ponticum amphiploids, each with a total of 56 chromosomes, though with different amounts of Th. ponticum chromatin. These four amphiploids were hybridized with each other to determine homology between the Th. ponticum genomes in each of the amphiploids. Analysis of chromosome pairing in the F-1 hybrids using FGISH suggests that each amphiploid carries a similar set of Th. ponticum chromosomes. These wheat-Th. ponticum amphiploids represent a potential novel source of resistance to FHB, tan spot, and SNB for wheat breeding. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cai, X (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, 166 Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Xiwen.Cai@ndsu.edu NR 44 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 8 BP 1473 EP 1479 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0250-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 042EC UT WOS:000237509700009 PM 16544125 ER PT J AU Barkley, NA Roose, ML Krueger, RR Federici, CT AF Barkley, NA Roose, ML Krueger, RR Federici, CT TI Assessing genetic diversity and population structure in a citrus germplasm collection utilizing simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITES; ORIGIN; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; CULTIVARS; INFERENCE; ISOZYMES; GENERA; LEMONS AB Twenty-four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to detect molecular polymorphisms among 370 mostly sexually derived Citrus accessions from the collection of citrus germplasm maintained at the University of California, Riverside. A total of 275 alleles were detected with an average of 11.5 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content of 0.625. Genetic diversity statistics were calculated for each individual SSR marker, the entire population, and for specified Citrus groups. Phylogenetic relationships among all citrus accessions and putative non-hybrid Citrus accessions were determined by constructing neighbor-joining trees. There was strong support for monophyly at the species level when hybrid taxa were removed from the data set. Both of these trees indicate that Fortunella clusters within the genus Citrus but Poncirus is a sister genus to Citrus. Additionally, Citrus accessions were probabilistically assigned to populations or multiple populations if their genotype indicated an admixture by a model-based clustering approach. This approach identified five populations in this data set. These separate analyses (distance and model based) both support the hypothesis that there are only a few naturally occurring species of Citrus and most other types of Citrus arose through various hybridization events between these naturally occurring forms. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Grad Program Genet Genom & Bioinformat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Barkley, NA (reprint author), 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM nbarkley@ars-grin.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 38 TC 192 Z9 212 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 8 BP 1519 EP 1531 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0255-9 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 042EC UT WOS:000237509700014 PM 16699791 ER PT J AU Joobeur, T Gusmini, G Zhang, X Levi, A Xu, Y Wehner, TC Oliver, M Dean, RA AF Joobeur, T Gusmini, G Zhang, X Levi, A Xu, Y Wehner, TC Oliver, M Dean, RA TI Construction of a watermelon BAC library and identification of SSRs anchored to melon or Arabidopsis genomes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-ARTIFICIAL-CHROMOSOMES; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CUCUMIS-MELO; RESISTANCE GENE; SPOT-VIRUS; L.; MICROSATELLITES; PLANTS AB A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus) with an average insert-size of 106 kb, providing 21 haploid genome equivalents. The library was used to identify BAC clones that are anchored to probes evenly distributed on the genomes of melon or Arabidopsis. Twenty eight probes (representing 66% of the tested probes) from melon and 30 probes (65%) from Arabidopsis identified positive BAC clones. Two methods were implemented to identify SSRs from the positively hybridizing BAC clones. First, analysis of BAC end sequences revealed 37 SSRs. For the second method, pooled DNA of BACs identified by the melon probes was used to develop a shotgun library. The library was then screened with synthetic SSR oligonucleotides by hybridization. Sequence analysis of positively hybridizing shotgun clones revealed 142 different SSRs. Thirty eight SSRs were characterized using three watermelon cultivars, five plant introduction (PI) accessions of C. lanatus var lanatus and four PIs of C. lanatus var citroides. Of these, 36 (95%) were found to be polymorphic with up to six alleles per marker. Polymorphism information content values for polymorphic markers varied between 0.22 and 0.79 with an average of 0.53. The methods described herein will be valuable for the construction of a watermelon linkage map with SSRs evenly distributed on its genome that is anchored to the genomes of melon and Arabidopsis. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Fungal Genom Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Naples, FL 34114 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetable, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Syngenta Seeds, SAS, F-31790 St Sauveur, France. RP Dean, RA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fungal Genom Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. EM radean2@ncsu.edu NR 52 TC 25 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 112 IS 8 BP 1553 EP 1562 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0258-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 042EC UT WOS:000237509700017 PM 16604337 ER PT J AU Sheldon, IM Lewis, GS LeBlanc, S Gilbert, RO AF Sheldon, IM Lewis, GS LeBlanc, S Gilbert, RO TI Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uterus; cattle; postpartum disease; endometritis; metritis ID DAIRY-COWS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BOVINE ENDOMETRITIS; HOLSTEIN COWS; SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; CLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; GENITAL-TRACT AB Uterine function is often compromised in cattle by bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen after parturition, and pathogenic bacteria often persist, causing uterine disease, a key cause of infertility in cattle. However, the definition or characterization Of uterine disease frequently lacks precision or varies among research groups. The aim of the present paper was to provide clear clinical definitions of uterine disease that researchers could adopt. Puerperal metritis should be defined as an animal with an abnormally enlarged uterus and a fetid watery red-brown uterine discharge, associated with signs of systemic illness (decreased milk yield, dullness or other signs of toxemia) and fever >39.5 degrees C, within 21 days after parturition. Animals that are not systemically ill, but have an abnormally enlarged uterus and a purulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina, within 21 days post partum, may be classified as having clinical metritis. Clinical endometritis is characterised by the presence of purulent (>50% pus) uterine discharge detectable in the vagina 21 days or more after parturition, or mucuopurulent (approximately 50% pus, 50% mucus) discharge detectable in the vagina after 26 days post partum. In the absence of clinical endometritis, a cow with subclinical endometritis is defined by > 18% neutrophils in uterine cytology samples collected 21-33 days post partum, or >10% neutrophils at 34-47 days. Pyometra is defined as the accumulation of purulent material within the uterine lumen in the presence of a persistent corpus luteum and a closed cervix. In conclusion, we have suggested definitions for common postpartum uterine diseases, which can be readily adopted by researchers and veterinarians. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sheldon, IM (reprint author), Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. EM sheldon@rvc.ac.uk RI Sheldon, I/E-1567-2013; OI Sheldon, I/0000-0001-7902-5558; Gilbert, Robert/0000-0002-1528-243X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [S19795]; Wellcome Trust [, 064155] NR 68 TC 427 Z9 443 U1 7 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1516 EP 1530 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.08.021 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 033TO UT WOS:000236872600006 PM 16226305 ER PT J AU Long, JA Guthrie, HD AF Long, JA Guthrie, HD TI Validation of a rapid, large-scale assay to quantify ATP concentration in spermatozoa SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATP; quantification; poultry; boar; assay ID SPERM MOTILITY; FERTILIZING ABILITY; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; SEMEN; FOWL AB Quantification of ATP content in spermatozoa is a useful assay for evaluating sperm function; however, most detection methodology relies on assessing single samples. We have developed and validated a highly repeatable assay that permits simultaneous measurement of up to 78 samples. A key feature of this assay includes combination of a phosphatase inhibition and ATP extraction step that permits maximal detection of ATP and sample storage at -20 degrees C prior to assay. The assay was validated for spermatozoa from three different species, including turkey, rooster and boar. The sensitivity of the assay differed between avian and mammalian spermatozoa, with 2.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa being the lowest number of turkey and rooster spermatozoa that could be assayed compared to 2.5 x 10(5) boar spermatozoa. Concentrations of ATP in fresh turkey semen ranged from 2.14 to 15.6 nmol/10(9) spermatozoa; similarly, freshly collected rooster semen contained from 2.16 to 21.4 nmol ATP/10(9) spermatozoa. Evaluation of turkey semen that had been stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h revealed a decline in ATP concentrations (2.35 +/- 0.34 nmol ATP/10(9) spermatozoa). Likewise, cryopreserved rooster spermatozoa contained lower concentrations of ATP (0.05 +/- 0.01 nmo-nmol ATP/10(9) spermatozoa) than non-stored spermatozoa. Boar spermatozoa contained similar concentrations of ATP, whether fresh (74.2 +/- 8.1 pmol ATP/10(6) spermatozoa), stored for I day (77.0 +/- 8.1 pmol ATP/10(6) spermatozoa) or 5 days (81.96 +/- 8.1 pmol ATP/ 10(6) spermatozoa). For all three species, assay variation was low (inter-assay, 0.66-1.9% CV; intra-assay, 1.3% CV). (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All tights reserved. C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), BARC E,Bldg 200,Rm 120, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlong@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1620 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.020 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 033TO UT WOS:000236872600013 PM 16364417 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Chambers, JE AF Straus, DL Chambers, JE TI Effects of piperonyl butoxide on the metabolism of DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) in fingerling channel catfish SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; aliesterase; channel catfish; DEF; piperonyl butoxide ID RAINBOW-TROUT; CYTOCHROME-P-450; INHIBITION; PARAOXON; MICE AB The present study was undertaken to investigate the significance of monooxygenases in bioactivation of DEF to a more effective anticholinesterase in fish. Channel catfish were exposed via the water column for 20 h to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) followed by a 4-h exposure to the organophosphate defolient DEF (concurrent with the PBO). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and aliesterases (ALiEs) activities were determined at 0 and 12 h after the exposure period. Inhibition of brain, liver, and plasma AChE activity by DEFA,as antagonized by PBO; muscle AChE was not inhibited by DEF. Piperonyl butoxide did not antagonize the inhibition of liver or plasma ALiEs by DER These results suggest that PBO retards the formation of the metabolite(s) of DEF that inhibit AChE, and that DEF is an effective inhibitor of ALiEs without metabolic activation. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dstraus@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Straus, David/A-9218-2009 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1080/15376520500191730 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 041LA UT WOS:000237456500008 PM 20021048 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Hummel, JW Birrell, SJ AF Kim, H. J. Hummel, J. W. Birrell, S. J. TI Evaluation of nitrate and potassium ion-selective membranes for soil macronutrient sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE/CSAE-SCGR Annual International Meeting CY 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP ASAE, CSAE-SCGR DE ion-selective electrode (ISE); ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET); ion-selective membranes; Kelowna extractant; nitrate; potassium; selectivity; sensitivity; soil extractant; soil testing ID MULTIPLE-ELEMENT EXTRACTANT; POLYMER MEMBRANES; CALCAREOUS SOILS; ELECTRODES; SYSTEM; SENSORS; ACID AB On-the-go, real-time soil nutrient analysis would be useful in site-specific management of soil fertility The rapid response and low sample volume associated with ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) make them good soil fertility, sensor candidates. Ion-selective microelectrode technology, requires an ion-selective membrane that responds selectively to one analyte in the presence of other ions in a solution. This article describes: (1) the evaluation of nitrate and potassium ion-selective membranes, and (2) the investigation of the interaction between the ion-selective membranes and soil extractants to identify membranes and extracting solutions that are compatible for use with a real-time ISFET sensor to measure nitrate and potassium ions in soil. The responses of the nitrate membranes with tetradodecylammonium nitrate (TDDA) or methlytridodecylammonium chloride (MTDA) and potassium membranes with valinomycin were affected by: both membrane type and soil extractant. A TDDA-based nitrate membrane would be capable of detecting low concentrations in soils to about 10(-5) mole/L NO3-. The valinomycin-based potassium membranes showed satisfactory selectivity performance in measuring potassium in the presence of interfering cations such as Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+.. Al3+, and Li+ as well as provided a consistent sensitivity when DI water, Kelowna, or Bray P-1 solutions were used as base solutions. The TDDA-based nitrate membrane and the valinomycin-based potassium membrane, used in conjunction with Kelowna extractant, would allow determination of nitrate and potassium levels, respectively, for site-specific control of fertilizer application. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, 269 Ag Eng Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kimhj@missouri.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 597 EP 606 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600003 ER PT J AU Funk, PA Armijo, CB Showler, AT Fletcher, RS Brashears, AD McAlister, DD AF Funk, P. A. Armijo, C. B. Showler, A. T. Fletcher, R. S. Brashears, A. D. McAlister, D. D., III TI Cotton harvest preparation using thermal energy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP ASAE DE cotton; defoliation; fiber quality; harvest timing; lint value; thermal defoliation AB Cotton is prepared for mechanical harvest using desiccant and defoliant chemicals. Conventional chemical defoliation is not effective immediately, it requires a period of good weathei, and it is restricted in organic production. Thermal defoliation may be an alternative to chemical defoliation if it does not harm the crop. This study was conducted to determine what impact thermal defoliation has on fiber value, yield, and gross returns. A thermal defoliation machine that used propane to heat treatment air was tested on several varieties at various locations in three states over two years. A mixed statistical model was used to compare thermal defoliation to conventional chemical defoliation and harvesting two or three days after treatment to harvesting two or three weeks after treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in Yield or value between treatments or harvest dates. Thermal defoliation does not negatively impact fiber value or yield, and thermally defoliated cotton may be harvested early without reducing gross returns. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, 300 E Coll Dr,POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM pfunk@nmsu.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600005 ER PT J AU Grace, JM Skaggs, RW Chescheir, GM AF Grace, J. M., III Skaggs, R. W. Chescheir, G. M. TI Hydrologic and water quality effects of thinning loblolly pine SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE drainage; forest outflow; organic soils; peak flow; Pinus taeda L.; thinning; water quality; water table depth ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS; DRAINAGE; WETLANDS; IMPACTS AB Forest operations such as harvesting, thinning, and site preparation call affect the hydrologic behavior of watersheds on poorly drained soils. The influence of these operations conducted oil organic soil sites call be more pronounced than on mineral soil sites due to the differences in bulk density and soil moisture relationships that exist between mineral and organic soils. This article reports the results of a study to evaluate the effect of thinning oil the hydrology and water quality of an artificially drained pine plantation watershed oil organic soils in eastern North Carolina. Outflow: water table depth, and water quality were monitored over a 3-year study period from paired 40 ha and 16 ha 15-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations located in Washington County near Plymouth, North Carolina. Thinning increased daily outflow and peak flow rates based on a paired-watershed study design. Mean daily outflow doubled and peak flow rates increased 40% on the thinned watershed in relation to the control. Treatment effects were also observed oil nutrient loads following the thinning operation. Phosphorous, TKN, and TSS loads increased following thinning, while nitrate-nitrogen loads decreased following thinning. These differences in hydrologic behavior are primarily attributed to the reduction in evapotranspiration that resulted from thinning. C1 Auburn Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, W Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jmgrace@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 645 EP 654 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600008 ER PT J AU Detar, WR Penner, JV Funk, HA AF DeTar, W. R. Penner, J. V. Funk, H. A. TI Airborne remote sensing to detect plant water stress in full canopy cotton SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cotton; hyperspectral imagery; irrigation; multispectral imagery; precision farming; spectral response patterns; vegetation indices ID VEGETATION INDEXES; TEMPERATURE; REFLECTANCE; WHEAT; GROWTH AB The potential for monitoring plant water stress in full-canopy cotton using airborne remote sensing was examined in this study. Remote sensing data, using hyperspectral (HSI), multispectral (MSI), and thermal infrared (TIR) sensors, were collected over two seasons on two varieties of Acala cotton and two experimental fields, with a total of nine flights, all with 100% canopy cover The spatial resolution of the remote sensing data used in the study was near 1.0 m. The TIR camera was used to detect the elevated canopy temperature that occurs when the plants are water stressed. The degree of stress, as measured by the rise in canopy temperature above an unstressed baseline, was closely related to several new vegetation indices that use spectral bands in the range of 429 to 1010 nm. Both linear and nonlinear multiple regression were used to find the wavelengths that produced the highest coefficient of determination (r(2)) and lowest root mean square error (RAISE) for one-, two-, three-, and four-parameter HSI models. The MSI-based vegetation indices had significant correlations to plant water stress, but the r2 values were lower than those with the HSI data. The best two-parameter HSI models included one band each from the near-infrared (NIR; 850 nm) and visible (686 nm) ranges. The best three-parameter model used the bands centered at 686, 811, and 860 nm. A weighted normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was found to correlate well to water stress with r(2) = 0.883. The average reflectance over the range of 923 nm to 1010 tint was found to be an indicator of differences in the canopy temperature. The main finding was that the plant water stress in Acala cotton at full canopy can be detected with airborne remote sensing, and this should greatly enhance the ability to properly schedule irrigations. C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Detar, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM wrdetar@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 655 EP 665 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600009 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Amabile, G Engel, BA Flanagan, DC AF Vazquez-Amabile, G. Engel, B. A. Flanagan, D. C. TI Modeling and risk analysis of nonpoint-source pollution caused by atrazine using SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE NPS pollution; pesticide; runoff; risk analysis; SWAT ID WATERSHEDS; SYSTEMS AB The SWAT(Soil Water Assessment Tool) model was calibrated and validated to evaluate its performance to predict atrazine loads in streams for the period 1996-2004 at eleven sampling sites in the St. Joseph River watershed in northeast Indiana. This watershed encompasses 280,000 ha, and 60% the area is in agricultural crops of corn and soybeans. Daily streamflow calibration and validation were completed before starting pesticide calibration. During the validation period, Nash-Sutcliffe values varied from 0.33 to 0.60 for daily streamflow and between 0.64 and 0.74 for monthly streamflow. The estimation of the timing of atrazine application was very important in the calibration-validation process, and it proved to be a key input for predicting the amount and timing of pesticide released to streams. Monthly atrazine concentrations were predicted with average R-2 values of 0.60 and 0.49 and average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients of 0.38 and -0.91 for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. The total mass of atrazine released by the whole basin between 2000 and 2003, for the period April to September, was closely predicted by the model. The observed average amount of atrazine released during the four seasons was 1002.1 kg/season, and SWAT predicted 950.1 kg/season. Risk analysis was performed based oil the outputs generated by the model by computation of exceedance probability curves and thematic and probability maps. The model was suitable to estimate levels of atrazine released to streams in rural watersheds and to conduct NPS pollution risk analyst's at a basin scale to evaluate long-term effects of management practices and environmental changes. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Engel, BA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, ABE Bldg,225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM engelb@purdue.edu NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 667 EP 678 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600010 ER PT J AU Wang, X Potter, SR Williams, JR Atwood, JD Pitts, T AF Wang, X. Potter, S. R. Williams, J. R. Atwood, J. D. Pitts, T. TI Sensitivity analysis of APEX for national assessment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE APEX model; enhanced Morris method; sensitivity analysis; variance-based method ID NITROGEN SIMULATION-MODEL; DRAINMOD-N-II; UNCERTAINTY; OUTPUT AB Sensitivity analysis for mathematical simulation models is helpful in identifying influential parameters for model outputs. Representative sets of APEX (Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender) model data front across the U.S. were used for sensitivity analysis to identify influential parameters for APEX outputs of crop grain yields.. runoff/water yield, water and wind erosion, nutrient loss, and soil carbon change for a national assessment project: the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The analysis was based on global sensitiviry analysis techniques. A test case, randomly selected ftom the representative sets of APEX model data, was first analyzed using both the variance-based sensitivity analysis technique and the enhanced Mori-is method. The analysis confirmed the reliabiliry of the enhanced Morris measure in screening subsets of influential and non-influential parameters. Therefore.. the enhanced Morris method was used for the national assessment, where the cost of applying variance-based techniques would be excessive. Although sensitivities are dynamic in both temporal and spatial dimensions, the very influential parameters (ranking 1st and 2nd) appear very influential in most cases. Statistical analyses identified that the NRCS curve number index coefficient is very influential for runoff and water-related output variables, such as soil loss by water, N and P losses in runoff. The Hargreaves PET equation exponent, moisture fraction required for seed germination, RUSLE C factor coefficient. and the potential heat units are influential for more than two APEX outputs studied. C1 Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Temple, TX USA. Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), X Wang,720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM swang@brc.tamus.edu NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 679 EP 688 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600011 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Cooper, RJ Slade, RM Haney, RL Arnold, JG AF Harmel, R. D. Cooper, R. J. Slade, R. M. Haney, R. L. Arnold, J. G. TI Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE error propagation; nonpoint-source pollution; nutrient transport; water quality monitoring ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SAMPLE PRESERVATION; REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; STORAGE; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; FLOW; STRATEGIES; SORPTION AB The scientific community has not established an adequate understanding of the uncertainty inherent in measured water quality data, which is introduced by four procedural categories: streamflow measurement, sample collection, sample preservation/storage, and laboratory analysis. Although previous research has produced valuable information on relative differences in procedures within these categories, little information is available that compares the procedural categories or presents the cumulative uncertainty in resulting water quality data. As a result, quality control emphasis is often misdirected, and data uncertainty is typically either ignored or accounted for With an arbitrary margin of safety. Faced with the need for scientifically defensible estimates of data uncertainty to support water resource management. the objectives of this research were to: (1) compile selected published information on uncertainty related to measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds, (2) use a root mean square error propagation method to compare the uncertainty introduced by each procedural category, and (3) use the error propagation method to determine the cumulative probable uncertainty in measured streamflow, sediment, and nutrient data. Best case, typical, and worst case "data quality" scenarios were examined. Averaged across all constituents, the calculated cumulative probable uncertainty (+/-%) contributed under typical scenarios ranged from 6% to 19% for streamflow measurement, from 4% to 48% for sample collection, from 2% to 16% for sample preservation/storage, and from 5% to 21% for laboratory analysis. Under typical conditions, errors in storm loads ranged from 8% to 104% for dissolved nutrients, from 8% to 110% for total N and P and from 7% to 53% for TSS. Results indicated that uncertainty can increase substantially under poor measurement conditions and limited quality control effort. This research provides introductory scientific estimates of uncertainty in measured water quality data. The results and procedures presented should also assist modelers in quantifying the "quality" of calibration and evaluation data sets, determining model accuracy goals, and evaluating model performance. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. USGS, Austin, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 68 TC 199 Z9 202 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 689 EP 701 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600012 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Butts, CL AF Kandala, C. V. K. Butts, C. L. TI Nondestructive moisture content determination of in-shell peanuts by RF impedance method SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE capacitance; impedance; moisture content; peanut pods; phase angle ID SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB Measuring the moisture content of peanuts without shelling the peanuts, particularly during buying/selling and drying, would be beneficial to the peanut industry previous research has shown that radio frequency (RF) impedance measurements of capacitance (C) and phase angle (0) using a parallel-plate system could be used to estimate the moisture content (MC) of a single in-shell peanut. This method was extended to determine the average MC of a small sample of peanut pods accommodated between the plates. For both single pods and small samples, the predicted MC values were within 1% of the standard air-oven values for over 85% of the samples tested in the moisture range between 5% and 22%. The current research discusses extending the measurement system to predict the average MC of in-shell peanuts in bulk quantities (about 200 g) from similar capacitance and phase angle measurements at 1 and 9 MHz. The parallel-plate system used in previous research was modified and fitted into a non-conducting cylindrical sample holder. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM ckandala@nprl.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 729 EP 733 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600016 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Miller, DN Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA AF Woodbury, B. L. Miller, D. N. Eigenberg, R. A. Nienaber, J. A. TI An inexpensive laboratory and field chamber for manure volatile gas flux analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle manure; dynamic flux chamber; feedlot emissions; feedlot surface; odor; VOC ID TOTAL REDUCED SULFUR; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; CATTLE FEEDLOT; SOIL; ODOR AB Understanding the interactions between the environment and emissions from livestock manure is essential in developing management practices intended to minimize negative environmental consequences. However protocols and equipment necessary to investigate these interactions at the laboratoty or field-scale are cumbersome and call be expensive. An inexpensive dynamic flux chamber (cost < $400 per unit) was designed to measure gaseous emissions from cattle manure in laboratory and field experiments. The hemispherical stainless steel chamber (emission surface = 0.08 m(2)) was constructed ;with an internal gas mixing fail. A port was attached to the chamber top, which facilitated the collection of headspace gas samples for greenhouse gases and vola the organic compounds (VOC) by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The chamber was tested to evaluate flow characteristics and was found to perform very similarly to a continuous-flow stirred reactor. As such, concentrations measured at the sampling port were indicative concentrations anywhere in the headspace. In laboratory and field applications, the inexpensive dynamic flux chamber was easy to use and required little operator input to quickly obtain multiple samples to measure the relative emissions of greenhouse gases, ammonia (NH3), and VOC from multiple sites in cattle feedlot pens. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), POB 166,Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM woodbury@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600020 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, ME Bassett, CL Renaut, J Farrell, R Tworkoskii, T Artlip, TS AF Wisniewski, ME Bassett, CL Renaut, J Farrell, R Tworkoskii, T Artlip, TS TI Differential regulation of two dehydrin genes from peach (Prunus persica) by photoperiod, low temperature and water deficit SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; dormancy; drought; PCA60; stress response; water deficit ID BETULA-PUBESCENS EHRH.; COLD-ACCLIMATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; L BATSCH; WOODY-PLANTS; SILVER BIRCH; LEA PROTEINS; F1 HYBRIDS; EXPRESSION; BARK AB Dehydrins are one of several proteins that have been specifically associated with qualitative and quantitative changes in cold hardiness. Recent evidence indicates that the regulation of dehydrin genes by low nonfreezing temperature (LT) and short photoperiod (SD) can be complex and deserves more detailed analysis to better understand the role of specific dehydrin genes and proteins in the response of woody plants to environmental stress. We have identified a new peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) dehydrin gene (PpDhn2) and examined the responses of this gene and a previously identified dehydrin (PpDhn1) to SD, LT and water deficit. PpDhn2 was strongly induced by water deficit but not by LT or SD. It was also present in the mature embryos of peach. In contrast, PhDhn1 was induced by water deficit and LT but not by SD. We conducted an in silico analysis of the promoters of these genes and found that the promoter region of PpDhn1 contained two dehydration-responsive-elements (DRE)/C-repeats that are responsive to LT and several abscisic acid (ABA)-response elements (ABREs). In contrast, the promoter region of PpDhn2 contained no LT elements but contained several ABREs and an MYCERD1 motif. Both promoter analyses were consistent with the observed expression patterns. The discrepancy between field-collected samples and growth-chamber experiments in the expression of PpDhn1 in response to SD suggests that SD-induced expression of dehydrin genes is complex and may be the result of several interacting factors. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. CREBS, CRP Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Penn State Univ, York, PA 17403 USA. RP Wisniewski, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mwisniew@afrs.ars.usda.gov RI renaut, jenny/K-3216-2012 OI renaut, jenny/0000-0002-0450-3866 NR 45 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 575 EP 584 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040HK UT WOS:000237369400004 PM 16452071 ER PT J AU Schwarzel, K Simunek, J Stoffregen, H Wessolek, G van Genuchten, MT AF Schwarzel, K Simunek, J Stoffregen, H Wessolek, G van Genuchten, MT TI Estimation of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of peat soils: Laboratory versus field data SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; EVAPORATION METHOD; WATER-FLOW; DRAINAGE; MODEL; RETENTION AB As compared with mineral soils, there are few in situ measurements of the unsaturated hydraulic properties of peat soils available. We used parameter estimation (inverse) methods to estimate the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions of drained peat soils from both laboratory and field data. The laboratory data were obtained on small cores using the traditional evaporation method, while the field data were obtained by means of evaporation experiments using groundwater lysimeters with and without vegetation. The field experiments without vegetation produced highly uncertain parameters and were limited to a relatively small pressure head range. Better results were obtained for the lysimeter with a grass cover that caused the peat soil to dry out more. However, a physically realistic minimum in the objective function for the plant-covered lysimeter could be found only when prior information about several parameters was included in the optimization. Good agreement was obtained between the laboratory and field measurements. The hydraulic functions were subsequently tested by comparing forward simulations with independently measured pressure heads and water contents of an additional lysimeter experiment under grass. The dynamics of the drying process was described well using the optimized soil hydraulic properties. C1 Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Soil Sci & Site Ecol, Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Ecol, Dept Soil Sci & Soil Protect, Berlin, Germany. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Schwarzel, K (reprint author), Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Soil Sci & Site Ecol, Dresden, Germany. EM Kai.Schwaerzel@Forst.TU-Dresden.de RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 628 EP 640 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0061 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 047ZF UT WOS:000237916500009 ER PT J AU Ramos, TB Goncalves, MC Martins, JC van Genuchten, MT Pires, FP AF Ramos, TB Goncalves, MC Martins, JC van Genuchten, MT Pires, FP TI Estimation of soil hydraulic properties from numerical inversion of tension disk infiltrometer data SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED SOIL; STEADY INFILTRATION; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; MODELS; FIELD; NONEQUILIBRIUM; MACROPOROSITY AB Many applications involving variably saturated flow and transport require estimates of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Numerical inversion of cumulative infiltration data during transient flow, complemented with initial or final soil water content data, is an increasingly popular approach for estimating the hydraulic curves. In this study, we compared Mualem-van Genuchten (MVG) soil hydraulic parameters obtained from direct laboratory and in situ unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measurements with estimates using numerical inversion of tension infiltration data of four coarse- to medium-textured soils in Alentejo (Portugal). The laboratory methods used were suction tables, pressure plates, and the evaporation method as applied to undisturbed soil samples collected from the surface horizons of four different soil profiles. Field measurements were taken with a tension disk infiltrometer using consecutive supply pressure heads of -15, -6, -3, and 0 cm. Six MVG parameters (residual soil water content [theta(r)], saturated soil water content [theta(s)], empirical shape factors alpha, eta, and l, and saturated hydraulic conductivity [K-s]) were estimated from the field data by numerical inversion using the HYDRUS-2D software package, and compared with values estimated from the laboratory data. Macroporosity was also determined. The laboratory- and field-measured water retention curves were found to agree closely for most experiments as reflected by relatively high values of the coefficient of determination, the modified coefficient of efficiency, and the modified index of agreement (always >0.9949, 0.8412, and 0.8931, respectively). The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves were predicted less accurately, although good estimates of K-s were obtained. C1 Estacao Agron Nacl, P-2784505 Oeiras, Portugal. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ramos, TB (reprint author), Estacao Agron Nacl, P-2784505 Oeiras, Portugal. EM Tiago_Ramos@netcabo.pt RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; Ramos, Tiago/D-6758-2013; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Goncalves, Maria/M-4021-2013 OI Ramos, Tiago/0000-0002-7823-4048; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Goncalves, Maria/0000-0002-5980-0294 NR 61 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 684 EP 696 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0076 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 047ZF UT WOS:000237916500014 ER PT J AU Olmanson, OK Ochsner, TE AF Olmanson, OK Ochsner, TE TI Comparing ambient temperature effects on heat pulse and time domain reflectometry soil water content measurements SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; PROBE AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) and the heat pulse method are both used to measure soil water content. Changes in ambient temperature have been shown to affect TDR measurements, but less is known about the behavior of heat pulse sensors in response to changes in temperature. This study directly measured and compared the temperature sensitivity of the TDR and heat pulse methods. Both methods were used to estimate water content in silt loam and sand at two fixed water contents across a wide temperature range. An increase in temperature led to an increase in measured water content in most cases. Across the 40 degrees C temperature range, changes in measured water content were generally 0.04 m(3) m(-3) or less for both methods. Weighted linear regression showed that in these soils the heat pulse method exhibited greater temperature sensitivity than the TDR method, although the differences were not statistically significant. A previously proposed correction for the temperature sensitivity of the TDR method produced mixed results. The temperature sensitivity of the heat pulse method was attributed to the changes in the density and specific heat of water and specific heat of soil with respect to temperature. When the changes in these parameters were accounted for, the temperature sensitivity was eliminated in three out of four cases. C1 ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ochsner@umn.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0114 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 047ZF UT WOS:000237916500020 ER PT J AU Lee, BD Jenkinson, BJ Doolittle, JA Taylor, RS Tuttle, JW AF Lee, Brad D. Jenkinson, Byron J. Doolittle, James A. Taylor, Richard S. Tuttle, J. Wes TI Electrical conductivity of a failed septic system soil absorption field SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY; WATER-CONTENT AB Locating existing septic systems and determining the extent of soil contamination after septic system failure can be destructive, time consuming, and a nuisance to homeowners. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of noninvasive electromagnetic induction (EMI) for locating a failed septic system in fine-textured glacial-till-derived soils. Components of a failed septic system were located with a push probe, georeferenced with a theodolite, and surveyed with a dual receiver EMI sensor (DUALEM-2) in December 2001 (wet soil moisture condition) and July 2002 (dry soil moisture condition). Three transects located perpendicular to the soil absorption field trenches were sampled to a depth of 1.2 m and used to ground reference the EMI survey. Near-surface (1-m depth) apparent conductivity (EC(a)) was significantly correlated to unweighted average electrical conductivity from soil saturated paste extracts (EC(sat); r = 0.79). The EC(a) below the soil absorption field was higher than the surrounding native soil under both dry and wet soil moisture conditions. Individual soil absorption trenches had a higher EC(a) than background EC(a) under both soil moisture conditions. A higher EC(a) pattern that was apparent in December 2001 associated with discharge of wastewater at shallow depths was not evident in July 2002 after the system had been abandoned for 6 mo. While more research is warranted, results from this study suggest that electromagnetic induction is a promising technique to identify the location of septic system components, failed septic systems, and their associated effluent plumes. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Dualem Inc, Milton, ON L9T 3A2, Canada. USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Wilkesboro, NC 28697 USA. RP Lee, BD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bdlee@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0116 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 047ZF UT WOS:000237916500021 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Hall, SM AF Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Hall, SM TI Abnormal prion protein in ectopic lymphoid tissue in a kidney of an asymptomatic white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated with the agent of chronic wasting disease SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease (CWD); immunohistochemistry; protease-resistant PrPres in kidney; spongiform encephalopathy ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; MULE DEER; CATTLE AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of deer and elk, is one of a group of fatal, neurologic diseases that affect several mammalian species, including human beings. Infection by the causative agent induces accumulations of an abnormal form of prion protein (PrPres) in nervous and lymphoid tissues. This report documents the presence of PrPres within ectopic lymphoid follicles in a kidney of a white-tailed deer that had been experimentally inoculated by the intracerebral route with CWD 10 months previously. The deer was nonclinical, but spongiform lesions characteristic of TSE were detected in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) and PrPres was seen in CNS and in lymphoid tissues by immunohistochemistry. The demonstration of PrPres in lymphoid tissue in the kidney of this deer corroborates a recently published finding of PrPres in lymphoid follicles of organs other than CNS and lymphoid tissues in laboratory animals with TSE (scrapie). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1354/vp.43-3-367 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 041YR UT WOS:000237494000017 PM 16672586 ER PT J AU Kegode, GO Forcella, F AF Kegode, GO Forcella, F TI Tillage effect on reproductive output by foxtail cohorts in corn and soybean SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE emergence cohorts; panicles; seed production; tillers ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WEED SEED PRODUCTION; SETARIA-VIRIDIS; GREEN FOXTAIL; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CROP-ROTATION; NO-TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCE; SYSTEMS AB Reliable estimates of weed fecundity require determination under ranges of management practices such as differing crops and tillage systems. We measured components of reproductive output per plant (numbers of primary tillers, panicles, and seeds; and sizes of panicles) in three emergence cohorts of green foxtail and yellow foxtail growing among corn and soybean in moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), ridge till (RT), spring disk (SD), and no till (NT). Differences in emergence between crops and foxtail Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 were 5, 0, and -7 d, respectively. In MP, Cohort I of green foxtail produced 2.3 primary tillers and 5.6 panicles per plant, and Cohort I of yellow foxtail produced 4.6 primary tillers and 9.0 panicles per plant. Panicle size was variable for both species across tillage systems, crops, and cohorts both years. Green foxtail plants produced the most seeds per plant (3,811) in NT corn, and cohorts did not vary greatly, whereas fecundity was highly variable across tillage systems and cohorts in soybean, where it averaged 3,240 (+/- 388) seeds per plant. Green foxtail seed number per plant were closely related to panicle numbers per plant for each year in corn (r(2) = 0.90) and soybean (r(2) = 0.78), and the relationship did not vary among tillage systems. Yellow foxtail seed number per plant was closely related to panicle number per plant, and it was specific for each tillage system in corn (r(2) = 0.60 to 0.85) and soybean (r(2) = 0.65 to 0.92). Estimates for vegetative and reproductive growth were more reliable for green foxtail than for yellow foxtail across tillage systems, crops, cohorts, and years. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kegode, GO (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM George.Kegode@ndsu.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1614/WS-05-092R1.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200004 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF AF Gaskin, John F. TI Clonal structure of invasive hoary cress (Lepidium draba) infestations SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clonal reproduction; invasive weed ID GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA HAPLOTYPES; CARDARIA-DRABA; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; MARKERS; AFLP; L.; REPRODUCTION; PLANT AB Hoary cress is a perennial herbaceous weed that has invaded agricultural and natural areas of western North America. Invasions are often composed of dense patches, and it is unclear whether clonal growth via lateral rhizomes or seedling recruitment is the dominant method of patch expansion. To study the clonal structure of this invasive, six patches from three USA populations (194 ramets) were analyzed with the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs). Known siblings and clones were also included to ensure sufficient variation for discrimination between clonal and nonclonal ramets. Patches had low genet/ramet ratios (mean G/N = 0.25) and low diversity levels (mean D = 0.49) compared to similar clonal studies. Single genets represented 55-85% of the ramets sampled in a patch, and the largest genet was 38 in across. Hoary cress exhibits a strong bias toward patch-size increase from clonal reproduction rather than from seedling recruitment. Results indicate that biological control methods that focus on reducing or eliminating seed production would do little to stop expansion of a patch. Despite the domination of a patch by one or a few large genets, other smaller genets are able to persist or are occasionally recruited into dense areas of a patch. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jgaskin@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1614/WS-05-138R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200005 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Beattie, KL Blanchard, A AF Conn, JS Beattie, KL Blanchard, A TI Seed viability and dormancy of 17 weed species after 19.7 years of burial in Alaska SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE buried seed; seed longevity; weed seed decline; logarithmic model; subarctic ID SOIL; LONGEVITY; DEPTH; PERSISTENCE; BANKS; SHAPE; SIZE; EMERGENCE; DURATION; NEBRASKA AB A study at Fairbanks, AK, was started in 1984 to determine soil seed longevity of 17 weed species. Seeds were buried in mesh bags 2 and 15 cm deep and were recovered 0.7, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, 4.7, 6.7, 9.7, and 19.7 yr later. Viability was determined by germination and tetrazolium tests. Seed viability data were fit to an exponential model, separately for each depth, and the likelihood-ratio test was used to determine whether seed-viability decline was affected by burial depth. Depth of burial had a significant effect on viability decline of prostrate knotweed, marsh yellowcress, blue-joint reedgrass, and wild oat. By 19.7 years after burial (YAB), all seeds of common hempnettle, quackgrass, wild oat, foxtail barley, and bluejoint reedgrass were dead. Seeds of 12 other species were still viable: corn spurry (0.1%), prostrate knotweed (0.3% at 2 cm, 0.8% at 15 cm), flixweed (0.5%), pineapple-weed (0.6%), shepherd's-purse (1.3%), wild buckwheat (1.5%), common chickweed (1.6%), rough cinquefoil (1.8%), common lambsquarters (3.0%), Pennsylvania smartweed (3.3%), marsh yellowcress (8.5% at 2 cm, 0.3% at 15 cm), and American dragonhead (62.2%). Seed dormancy At 19.7 YAB was very low for all species (< 4%) except for American dragonhead, common lambsquarters, Pennsylvania smartweed, and shepherd's-purse, which had seed dormancies of 100, 27, 25, and 38%, respectively. Seed longevity was not increased by cold, subarctic temperatures. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, 319 ONeil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjsc1@uaf.edu RI Blanchard, Arny/C-2429-2008 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1614/WS-05-161R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200010 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Weaver, MA Locke, MA AF Zablotowicz, RM Weaver, MA Locke, MA TI Microbial adaptation for accelerated atrazine mineralization/degradation in Mississippi Delta soils SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accelerated degradation; atrazine; microbial metabolism; mineralization ID SURFACE WATERS; DEGRADATION; TILLAGE; MICROORGANISMS; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; DEPENDENCE; HERBICIDES; CLONING AB Most well-drained Mississippi Delta soils have been used for cotton production, but corn has recently become a desirable alternative crop, and subsequently, atrazine use has increased. Between 2000 and 2001, 21 surface soils (0 to 5 cm depth) with known management histories were collected from various sites in Leflore, Sunflower, and Washington counties of Mississippi. Atrazine degradation was assessed in 30-d laboratory studies using C-14-ring-labeled herbicide. Mineralization was extensive in all soils with a history of one to three atrazine applications with cumulative mineralization over 30 d ranging from 45 to 72%. In contrast, cumulative mineralization of atrazine from three soils with no atrazine history was only 5 to 10%. However, one soil with no history of atrazine application mineralized 54 and 29% of the atrazine in soils collected in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Methanol extracted 15 to 23% of the C-14-atrazine 7 d after treatment in soils having two applications within the past 6 yr, whereas 65 to 70% was extracted from no-history soils. First-order kinetic models indicated soil with 2 yr of atrazine exposure exhibited a half-life of less than 6 d. Most probable number (MPN) estimates of atrazine-ring mineralizing-microorganisms ranged from 450 to 7,200 propagules g(-1) in atrazine-exposed soils, and none were detected in soils with no history of atrazine use. Although most soils exhibited rapid atrazine mineralization, analysis of DNA isolated from these soils by direct or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) failed to amplify DNA sequences with primers for the atzA atrazine chlorohydrolase gene. These results indicate that microbial populations capable of accelerated atrazine degradation have developed in Mississippi Delta soils. This may reduce the weed control efficacy of atrazine but also reduce the potential for off-site movement. Studies are continuing to identify the genetic basis of atrazine degradation in these soils. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264; Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 538 EP 547 DI 10.1614/WS-04-179R3.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200022 ER PT J AU Davis, AS AF Davis, AS TI When does it make sense to target the weed seed bank? SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seed Bank Symposium CY 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP N Cent Weed Sci Soc DE elasticity analysis; matrix modeling; seed bank; seed mortality; target transitions; weed life histories ID PLANT-POPULATION DYNAMICS; SIMULATION ANALYSIS; GIANT FOXTAIL; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCE; CORN; VELVETLEAF; ROTATION; DEMOGRAPHY; ECONOMICS AB Weed seeds initiate most weed invasions of arable fields, yet there is relatively little information on the value of managing weed seed banks. Matrix population models were used to examine the relative importance of managing weed seed banks, in relation to other life stages, for four model weed species with varying life histories. Simulations for giant foxtail and common lambsquarters, summer annual weeds of arable fields; garlic mustard, an obligate biennial invasive weed of temperate forests; and Canada thistle, a perennial weed of pastures and arable fields, were run under conditions of varying population density and efficacy of seedling control. The models were subjected to elasticity analysis to determine what happened to weed populations when different life stages were targeted. Losses from the dormant seed bank were most important for summer annual weeds, of intermediate importance for biennial weeds, and of low importance for perennial weeds. More effort is needed to develop weed seed-bank management techniques for summer annual weed species as part of integrated weed management systems. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 558 EP 565 DI 10.1614/WS-05-058R.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200025 ER PT J AU Westerman, PR Liebman, M Heggenstaller, AH Forcella, F AF Westerman, PR Liebman, M Heggenstaller, AH Forcella, F TI Integrating measurements of seed availability and removal to estimate weed seed losses due to predation SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seed Bank Symposium CY 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP N Cent Weed Sci Soc DE seed predation rate; seed residence time; seed shed; simulation model; weed seed losses ID SETARIA-FABERI DEMOGRAPHY; CROP-ROTATION SYSTEMS; POSTDISPERSAL PREDATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CEREAL FIELDS; TILLAGE; DISPERSAL; DENSITY; CORN AB To better understand seed predation and enhance weed seed losses in arable fields, we developed a conceptual model that integrates seed dispersal, seed burial, and seed demand, the three processes that determine the dynamics of summer annual weed seeds on the soil surface in late summer and autumn. Published and unpublished experimental data were used to parameterize a simulation model for a number of crop-weed combinations. Sensitivity analyses of models for giant foxtail in corn and soybean indicated that factors related to seed availability were more important in determining overall seed losses due to predation than those related to seed demand. Delaying harvest date and destroying unshed weed seeds collected at harvest emerged as promising strategies to reduce seed input into the seed bank. The role of plant debris in hiding weed seeds from predators was ambiguous and requires further investigation. Estimates of overall seed losses due to predation based on model simulations in various crops and cropping systems indicated that weed seed predation could serve as an important tool in ecological weed management. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Westerman, PR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, 2501 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prwester@iastate.edu RI Westerman, Paula/K-6427-2012; OI westerman, paula/0000-0002-1012-7828 NR 41 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 17 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1614/WS-05-067R.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200026 ER PT J AU Chee-Sanford, JC Williams, MM Davis, AS Sims, GK AF Chee-Sanford, JC Williams, MM Davis, AS Sims, GK TI Do microorganisms influence seed-bank dynamics? SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seed Bank Symposium CY 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP N Cent Weed Sci Soc DE seed-microorganism interaction; weed seed decay; soil microbiology; microbial communities; seed-bank ecology; multitrophic systems; integrated weed management ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; SOIL BACTERIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT; PCR AB Reduction of seed-bank persistence is an important goal for weed management systems. Recent interest in more biological-based weed management strategies has led to closer examination of the role of soil microorganisms. Incidences of seed decay with certain weed species occur in the laboratory; however, their persistence in soil indicates the presence of yet-unknown factors in natural systems that regulate biological mechanisms of seed antagonism by soil microorganisms. A fundamental understanding of interactions between seeds and microorganisms will have important implications for future weed management systems targeting seed banks. Laboratory studies demonstrate susceptibility to seed decay among weed species, ranging from high (velvetleaf) to very low (giant ragweed). Microscopic examinations revealed. dense microbial assemblages formed whenever seeds were exposed to soil microorganisms, regardless of whether the outcome was decay. Microbial communities associated with seeds of four weed species (woolly cupgrass, jimsonweed, Pennsylvania smartweed, and velvetleaf) were distinct from one another. The influence of seeds on microbial growth is hypothesized to be due to nutritional and surface-attachment opportunities. Data from velvetleaf seeds suggests that diverse assemblages of bacteria can mediate decay, whereas fungal associations may be more limited and specific to weed species. Though microbial decay of seeds presents clear opportunities for weed biocontrol, limited success is met when introducing exogenous microorganisms to natural systems. Alternatively, a conservation approach that promotes the function of indigenous natural enemies through habitat or cultural management may be more promising. A comprehensive ecological understanding of the system is needed to identify methods that enhance the activities of microorganisms. Herein, we provide a synthesis of the relevant literature available on seed microbiology; we describe some of the major challenges and opportunities encountered when studying the in situ relationships between seeds and microorganisms, and present examples from studies by the ARS Invasive Weed Management Unit. C1 Univ Illinois, Invas Weed Management Res, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chee-Sanford, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Invas Weed Management Res, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cheesanf@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 91 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 26 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 575 EP 587 DI 10.1614/WS-05-055R.1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200027 ER PT J AU Krueger-Mangold, JM Sheley, RL Svejcar, TJ AF Krueger-Mangold, Jane M. Sheley, Roger L. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Toward ecologically-based invasive plant management on rangeland SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE ecological processes; invasion; restoration; succession; weeds ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; INFESTED RANGELAND; NATURAL-SELECTION; SUCCESSION; COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN; GRASSES; INTERFERENCE AB Land managers typically use herbicides, biological controls, fire, grazing, and revegetation to manage and restore rangeland dominated by invasive plants. Without careful planning and implementation, these tools may temporarily control the weeds but may ultimately have minimal influence on ecological processes, fail over the long term, and lead to weed reinvasion. This can result from the lack of a broad ecological perspective. Successional management provides a process-based framework for weed ecologists to develop and test integrated weed management strategies and for land managers to organize implementation of these strategies in a way that adequately addresses ecological processes. This framework offers land managers practical methods for modifying ecological processes to direct plant community composition away from invasive species and toward desired plant assemblages. TO date, successional management has not gained widespread application because, in part, it has not been conceptually linked to other successional models. Therefore, we illustrate how other successional models can be incorporated within the framework. Incorporating other prevailing successional models will further elucidate ecological processes, offer additional management strategies, and widen the possibilities for ecologically based management of rangeland weeds. Approaching management of weed-infested rangeland through this process-based framework will enable managers to implement strategies that maximize the likelihood of success because these methods will be integrated based on ecological principles. Successional management should be adjusted as we gain a better understanding of the factors that drive succession. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Krueger-Mangold, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jane.mangold@oregonstate.edu NR 108 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 44 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1614/WS-05-049R3.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055HG UT WOS:000238440200029 ER PT J AU Jiang, QZ Roche, D Monaco, TA Durham, S AF Jiang, QZ Roche, D Monaco, TA Durham, S TI Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and carbon isotope discrimination of 14 barley genetic lines in response to salinity SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barley; carbon isotope discrimination; chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; salinity tolerance ID HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; SOURCE SPRINKLER SYSTEM; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CROP SALT TOLERANCE; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; A FLUORESCENCE; SEEDLING STAGE; C-3 PLANTS AB Barley is one of the most salt tolerant crop species, and differences between barley genotypes for salinity tolerance have been previously documented. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with barley seedlings (up to fourth leaf) from 14 genetic lines grown in control and saline (EC = 20 dS m(-1)) conditions. Some of these barley genotypes are parental lines to diverse mapping populations. Others have been bred and released for their tolerance to salinity. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, above ground dry matter and carbon isotope discrimination were measured to determine salinity tolerance. Two-week exposure to saline conditions decreased above-ground dry mass (AGDM), net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), internal CO2 concentration (C-i), efficiency of light harvesting of photosystem II (F-v'/F-m'), photochemical quenching (q(P)), and carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) relative to control plants. Measurement of g(s) provided the best information to assess genetic differences in barley for absolute performance when subjected to salinity stress. Lines with the highest g(s) values under control conditions also showed some of the highest absolute values for A and F-v'/F-m' under saline conditions. All lines were enriched in C-13 (lower Delta) with salinity, but Delta was of limited value to assess differences between lines. Salinity susceptibility indexes (SSI) were used to estimate the relative tolerance of lines to salinity. They varied considerably between parameters and provide only relative information that can be difficult to reconcile with above absolute values of performance under saline conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Roche, D (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, UMC 4820, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM droche@mendel.usu.edu NR 46 TC 49 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.07.010 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 022YZ UT WOS:000236093400010 ER PT J AU Porch, TG Erpelding, JE AF Porch, TG Erpelding, JE TI Low-cost conversion of the Polaroid MD-4 land camera to a digital gel documentation system SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE digital camera; electrophoresis; gel imaging; gel documentation AB A simple, inexpensive design is presented for the rapid conversion of the popular MD-4 Polaroid land camera to a high quality digital gel documentation system. Images of ethidium bromide stained DNA gels captured using the digital system were compared to images captured on Polaroid instant film. Resolution and sensitivity were enhanced using the digital system. In addition to the low cost and superior image quality of the digital system, there is also the added convenience of real-time image viewing through the swivel LCD of the digital camera, wide flexibility of gel sizes, accurate automatic focusing, variable image resolution, and consistent ease of use and quality. Images can be directly imported to a computer by using the USB port on the digital camera, further enhancing the potential of the digital system for documentation, analysis, and archiving. The system is appropriate for use as a start-up get documentation system and for routine gel analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Porch, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM maytp@ars-grin.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-022X J9 J BIOCHEM BIOPH METH JI J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.jbbm.2005.12.006 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 032YH UT WOS:000236812300001 PM 16472866 ER PT J AU Gill, TE Zobeck, TM Stout, JE AF Gill, TE Zobeck, TM Stout, JE TI Technologies for laboratory generation of dust from geological materials SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE mineral aerosol; fugitive dust; dust generator; resuspension; dustiness ID THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITIES; RESUSPENSION TEST CHAMBER; DRY POWDER INHALERS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FUGITIVE DUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOL GENERATOR; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; WIND EROSION AB Dusts generated in the laboratory from soils and sediments are used to evaluate the emission intensities, composition, and environmental and health impacts of mineral aerosols. Laboratory dust generation is also utilized in other disciplines including process control and occupational hygiene in manufacturing, inhalation toxicology, environmental health and epidemiology, and pharmaceutics. Many widely available and/or easily obtainable laboratory or commercial appliances can be used to generate mineral aerosols, and several distinct classes of dust generators (fluidization devices, dustfall chambers, rotating drums/tubes) are used for geological particulate studies. Dozens of different devices designed to create dust from soils and sediments under controlled laboratory conditions are documented and described in this paper. When choosing a specific instrument, investigators must consider some important caveats: different classes of dust generators characterize different properties (complete collection of a small puff of aerosol versus sampling of a representative portion of a large aerosol cloud) and physical processes (resuspension of deposited dust versus in situ production of dust). The quantity "dustiness" has been used in industrial and environmental health research; though it has been quantified in different ways by different investigators, it should also be applicable to studies of geological aerosol production. Using standardized dust-production devices and definitions of dustiness will improve comparisons between laboratories and instruments: lessons learned from other disciplines can be used to improve laboratory research on the generation of atmospheric dusts from geological sources. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Texas, Engn Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Gill, TE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Sci, 500 W Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM tegill@utep.edu RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; OI Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105 NR 172 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.083 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037LZ UT WOS:000237149700002 PM 16427191 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM Van Pelt, RS AF Zobeck, TM Van Pelt, RS TI Wind-induced dust generation and transport mechanics on a bare agricultural field SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE PM10; fugitive dust; dust flux; wind erosion; air quality ID GRAIN-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; EROSION; SOIL; PARTICLES; SUSPENSION; AEROSOLS; FLUXES; STORMS; LAND; LAKE AB Strong atmospheric winds may cause wind erosion and dust emissions on bare, dry, erodible fields. Since these dust emissions may exceed particulate matter limits established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, information on dust generation and transport mechanics is needed to determine the particulate hazard of dust sources. Measurements of climatic variables and airborne sediment mass and concentration were made during three strong wind events on a bare, fine sandy loam field in west Texas. This study clearly shows that dust flux estimates were very sensitive to dust concentration measurement height. PM10 flux values estimated between heights of 2 and 5 m were 2-5 times those estimated between heights of 5 and 10 in. Tower placement in relation to the upwind unerodible boundary produced significant differences in dust flux that varied with storm intensity. During the most intense storm event, the PM 10 flux between heights of 2 and 5 in measured at the tower 200 m from the unerodible boundary was almost 2.5 times as that measured at the tower 100m from the unerodible boundary. Vertical PM10 dust flux was closely related with horizontal sediment flux only when the winds came from the same direction during the entire duration of horizontal sediment flux measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM tzobeck@Lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.090 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037LZ UT WOS:000237149700004 PM 16423453 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Hwang, DH AF Lee, JY Hwang, DH TI The modulation of inflammatory gene expression by lipids: Mediation through toll-like receptors SO MOLECULES AND CELLS LA English DT Review DE fatty acids; inflammation; lipids; toll-like receptors ID NF-KAPPA-B; DOMAIN-CONTAINING ADAPTER; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-88; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; PHOSPHOLIPID OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; SIGNALING PATHWAY AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were evolved to detect invading pathogens and to induce innate immune responses in order to mount host defense mechanisms. It becomes apparent that the activation of certain TLRs is also modulated by endogenous molecules including lipid components, fatty acids. Results from epidemiological and animal studies demonstrated that saturated and polyunsaturated dietary fatty acids can differentially modify the risk of development of many chronic diseases. Inflammation is now recognized as an important underlying etiologic condition for the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, if the activation of TLRs and consequent inflammatory and immune responses are differentially modulated by types of lipids in vivo, this would suggest that the risk of the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and the host defense against microbial infection may be modified by the types of dietary fat consumed. C1 Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM joolee@gist.ac.kr NR 117 TC 126 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER SINGAPORE PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA #04-01 CENCON I, 1 TANNERY RD, SINGAPORE 347719, SINGAPORE SN 1016-8478 J9 MOL CELLS JI Mol. Cells PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 174 EP 185 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 041KX UT WOS:000237456200002 PM 16682810 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Hill, DE Zarlenga, DS AF Dubey, JP Hill, DE Zarlenga, DS TI A Trichinella murrelli infection in a domestic dog in the United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella murrelli; dog; Canis jamiliaris; USA; natural infection ID SYLVATIC TRICHINOSIS; OUTBREAKS AB Trichinella murrelli infection was diagnosed in a naturally infected Beagle bitch from VA, USA, where encapsulated larvae were found in histological sections of several skeletal muscles. A laboratory reared dog fed infected muscles resulted in viable muscle larvae that were subsequently infective to Swiss-Webster mice. Multiplex PCR using larvae from the experimentally infected dog demonstrated two distinct bands migrating at 127 bp and 316 bp which together are diagnostic for T murrelli; the isolate was assigned the ISS code: ISS1608 by the International Trichinella Reference Centre. This is the first report of T murrelli infection in a companion animal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.008 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 035MG UT WOS:000237004800023 PM 16483719 ER PT J AU Palic, D Herolt, DM Andreasen, CB Menzel, BW Roth, JA AF Palic, D Herolt, DM Andreasen, CB Menzel, BW Roth, JA TI Anesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate, metomidate and eugenol: Effects on plasma cortisol concentration and neutrophil function in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; neutrophils; degranulation; stress; fish; fathead minnow ID SPARUS-AURATA L.; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CHANNEL CATFISH; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; RESPONSES; STRESS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; SEPARATION AB Anesthetic efficacy, plasma cortisol concentration, and two parameters of neutrophil function (oxidative burst and degranulation of primary granules) were compared among three anesthetics in the fathead minnow: tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222), metomidate hydrochloride (MTMD), and eugenol (EUG). The optimum anesthetic concentration was determined as: MS 222 75 mg L-1, EUG 30 mg L-1 and MTMD 4 mg L-1. Handling and crowding stress was induced in fish with (SA) and without (S) anesthetic. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured at 0, 30, 90, and 240 min after stress and found to increase at 30 min post-stress in S and SA MS 222 groups, but not in SA MTMD and SA EUG groups. To test the effects of different anesthetics on neutrophil function, fish were divided into a baseline control group, a group exposed to handling and crowding stress (S) and a stressed anesthetized group (SA). Fish were assayed for neutrophil function before and after stress (24 h, 72 h and 7 days). The degranulation of neutrophil primary granules was measured as exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3, 31, 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. Degranulation of primary granules was decreased to 60-75% of non-stressed control in stressed and fish treated with MS 222, and was not affected when MTMD and EUG were used. The degranulation of primary granules proved to be a useful assay for measuring the effects of stress on neutrophil function in fish. Eugenol and metomidate prevented stress-induced decrease of neutrophil function while MS 222 did not. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Recource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Palic, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Recource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dulep@iastate.edu RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009; Palic, Dusan/C-9500-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X; Palic, Dusan/0000-0002-2980-821X NR 44 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 28 PY 2006 VL 254 IS 1-4 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.004 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 046VI UT WOS:000237838800071 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Ehrlich, KC Hua, SST AF Chang, PK Ehrlich, KC Hua, SST TI Cladal relatedness among Aspergillus oryzae isolates and Aspergillus flavus S and L morphotype isolates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus oryzae; Aspergillus flavus; phylogenetics; sclerotia; aflatoxin gene cluster ID SECTION FLAVI; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; UNITED-STATES; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; FLANKING REGIONS; GENE; PEANUT; PARASITICUS; MYCOTOXIN AB Aspergillus flavus is the main etiological agent for aflatoxin contamination of crops. Its close relative, A. oryzae, does not produce aflatoxins and has been widely used to produce fermented foods. We compared the phylogeny of A. oolzae isolates and L- and S-type sclerotial isolates of A. flavus using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the omtA gene in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and deletions in and distal to the norB-cypA intergenic region as phylogenetic signals. Aflatoxin-producing ability and sclerotial size also were weighted in the analysis. Like A. flavus, the A. oryzae isolates form a polyphyletic assemblage. A. otyzae isolates in one clade strikingly resemble an A. flavus subgroup of atoxigenic L-type isolates. All toxigenic S-type isolates closely resemble another subgroup of atoxigenic L-type isolates. Because atoxigenic S-type isolates are extremely rare, we hypothesize that loss of aflatoxin production in S-type isolates may occur concomitantly with a change to L-type sclerotia. All toxigenic L-type isolates, unlike A. oryzae, have a 1.0 kb deletion in the not-B-cypA region. Although A. oryzae isolates, like S-type, have a 1.5 kb deletion in the norB-cypA region, none were cladally related to S-type A. flavus isolates. Our results show that A. flavus populations are genetically diverse. A. oryzae isolates may descend from certain atoxigenic L-type A. flavus isolates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 25 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.11.008 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 039CD UT WOS:000237276700003 PM 16430983 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, DE TI Microassy for measuring thermal inactivation of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in naturally infected chicken meat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; chicken; H5N1; meat; thermal inactivation ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; HEAT INACTIVATION; EGG AB A precise, reproducible microassay was developed to measure thermal inactivation of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus in chicken meat. Small pieces of breast or thigh meat (0.05 g) from chickens infected with A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 (H5N2) (PA/83) or A/ chicken/Korea/ES/2003 (H5NI) (Korea/03) HPAI viruses were tested for inactivation in the heating block of a thermocycler. Korea/03 infected thigh and breast meat had higher virus concentrations (10(6.8) and 10(5.6) mean embryo infectious doses [EID50]/g, respectively) compared to PA/83 infected thigh and breast meat (10(2.8) and 10(2.3) EID50/g, respectively). The samples were ran through a ramp-up cycle from 25 to 70 degrees C, and meat samples were removed and examined for virus infectivity at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees C, and after treatment for 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 s at 70 degrees C. The reduction in virus infectivity titers was dependent on virus concentration and no HPAI virus was isolated after I s of treatment at 70 degrees C. A change in coloration from pink-tan to white was associated with a loss in recovery of infectious virus. The microassay provided a predictable and reproducible method to measure thermal inactivation of HPAI virus in chicken meat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 16 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 25 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.032 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 039CD UT WOS:000237276700016 PM 16481058 ER PT J AU de Avila Botton, S Brum, MCS Bautista, E Koster, M Weiblen, R Golde, WT Grubman, MJ AF de Avila Botton, S Brum, MCS Bautista, E Koster, M Weiblen, R Golde, WT Grubman, MJ TI Immunopotentiation of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine by interferon alpha SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease; interferon; vaccine ID EXPRESSING CAPSID PROTEINS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDE P1; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; CATTLE; SWINE; FMDV; INDUCTION; DNA; CHALLENGE AB The adjuvant effect of porcine interferon alpha (pIFN-alpha) was examined in swine vaccinated with a replication-defective adenovirus containing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) A24 capsid and 3C proteinase coding regions (Ad5-A24). Groups of swine were inoculated with either high or low doses of Ad5-A24 in the presence or absence of Ad5-pIFN alpha or with a control Ad5 and challenged by intradermal inoculation in the heel bulb with FMDV at 42 days post-vaccination. After challenge all control animals developed viremia and lesions. Animals receiving low-dose Ad5-A24 had similar clinical disease, but only three of five animals developed viremia, while addition of IFN resulted in a delayed onset of lesions in three animals and only one animal had detectable viremia. Animals vaccinated with high-dose Ad5-A24 had no viremia, significantly fewer lesions and delayed onset of disease compared to the control and low-dose vaccine groups. Four of five pigs vaccinated with high-dose Ad5-A24 plus IFN were completely protected from disease and only one animal had a lesion which was restricted to the site of challenge. Thus, pIFN-alpha enhances the long-term level of protection induced by the Ad5-FMD vaccine, supporting its use as a potential adjuvant in FMD vaccination strategies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov RI Weiblen, Rudi/H-7003-2014 OI Weiblen, Rudi/0000-0002-1737-9817 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 24 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 17 BP 3446 EP 3456 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.011 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 035MM UT WOS:000237005400007 PM 16522345 ER PT J AU Pape, T AF Pape, T TI A new species of Hoplacephala Macquart (Diptera : Sarcophagidae) from Namibia, with a discussion of generic monophyly SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Sarcophagidae; Hoplacephala; new species AB A new species, Hoplacephala oryx sp. nov., is described from Namibia, Khorixas district. The male is characterized by a remarkably elongated pair of straight frontal setae and a tuft of lanceolate marginal setae on abdominal tergite 4. Generic assignment is argued from a cladistic analysis, and the monophyly of Hoplacephala Macquart is shown to be corroborated by the autapomorphic pattern of strong katepisternal setae. C1 Zool Museum, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pape, T (reprint author), Zool Museum, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM tpape@snm.ku.dk RI Pape, Thomas/E-7520-2011 OI Pape, Thomas/0000-0001-6609-0609 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 24 PY 2006 IS 1183 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 034ZY UT WOS:000236970600004 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Hollinger, DY AF Gove, JH Hollinger, DY TI Application of a dual unscented Kalman filter for simultaneous state and parameter estimation in problems of surface-atmosphere exchange SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GAP FILLING STRATEGIES; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL RESPIRATION; LONG-TERM; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; FOREST; UNCERTAINTY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB [ 1] A dual unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was used to assimilate net CO2 exchange ( NEE) data measured over a spruce-hemlock forest at the Howland AmeriFlux site in Maine, USA, into a simple physiological model for the purpose of filling gaps in an eddy flux time series. In addition to filling gaps in the measurement record, the UKF approach provides continuous estimates of model parameters and uncertainty. The process explicitly recognizes uncertainty in the measurement data and model structure, providing approximate, effectively optimal state and parameter estimates with less subjectivity than in many previous gap-filling methods. The dual UKF is a recursive predictor-corrector estimation method whereby noisy measurement data are used to continuously update nonlinear process model predictions of the desired states, in this case net ecosystem exchange, among others. Two parallel filters are run simultaneously in the dual approach, one for state and the other for parameter estimation. The unscented transformation employs a deterministic sampling of "sigma points'' from the joint density that captures the first two moments of the distribution to the second order. Nonlinear process models are applied to these sigma points to propagate the joint density within the filter framework. The UKF estimate of annual NEE in 2000 at the Howland Forest totaled - 296.4 +/- 2.4 g carbon m(-2) ( mean +/- standard deviation) using nocturnal data when the square root of the momentum flux (u*) exceeded 0.25 m s(-1). This NEE value is about 9% higher than a previous estimate where gaps were filled by physiological models fitted to monthly, seasonal, and annual data. Model estimates are sensitive to the threshold set for accepting or rejecting nocturnal flux data ("u* threshold''), and we show that uncertainty in annual estimates is dominated by the choice of u* threshold. C1 Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd,POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jgove@fs.fed.us; dhollinger@fs.fed.us RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 NR 62 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 22 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D8 AR D08S07 DI 10.1029/2005JD006021 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039MD UT WOS:000237309000001 ER PT J AU Samandari, E Visarius, T Zingg, JM Azzi, A AF Samandari, E Visarius, T Zingg, JM Azzi, A TI The effect of gamma-tocopherol on proliferation, integrin expression, adhesion, and migration of human glioma cells SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; glioma cells; integrins; cell adhesion; cell migration; cell proliferation; tocopherol ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; INHIBITION; INVASION; BETA-1 AB The effect of vitamin E on proliferation, integrin expression, adhesion, and migration in human glioma cells has been studied. gamma-tocopherol at 50 mu M concentration exerted more inhibitory effect than alpha-tocopherol at the same concentration on glioma cell proliferation. Integrin alpha 5 and beta 1 protein levels were increased upon both alpha- and gamma-tocopherol treatments. In parallel an increase in the alpha 5 beta 1 heterodimer cell surface expression was observed. The tocopherols inhibited glioma cell-binding to fibronectin where gamma-tocopherol treatment induced glioma cell migration. Taken together, the data reported here are consistent with the notion that the inhibition of glioma cell proliferation induced by tocopherols may be mediated, at least in parts by an increase in integrin alpha 5 and beta 1 expression. Cell adhesion is also negatively affected by tocopherols, despite a small increase in the surface appearance of the alpha 5 beta 1 heterodimer. Cell migration is stimulated by gamma-tocopherol. It is concluded that alpha 5 and beta 1 integrin expression and surface appearance are not sufficient to explain all the observations and that other integrins or in general other factors may be associated with these events. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, Bern, Switzerland. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, JM,Vasc Biol Lab, Off 622,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 21 PY 2006 VL 342 IS 4 BP 1329 EP 1333 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.110 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 026DE UT WOS:000236316100048 PM 16516856 ER PT J AU Park, BS Lee, HK Lee, SE Piao, XL Takeoka, GR Wong, RY Ahn, YJ Kim, JH AF Park, BS Lee, HK Lee, SE Piao, XL Takeoka, GR Wong, RY Ahn, YJ Kim, JH TI Antibacterial activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC (Taheebo) against Helicobacter pylori SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tabebuia intpetiginosa; Taheebo; Helicobacter pylori; 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone; anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid; lapachol; 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives ID N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; PEPTIC-ULCER PATIENTS; IN-VITRO INHIBITION; METRONIDAZOLE-RESISTANT; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; GROWTH; AGENTS; PLANT; CONSTITUENTS; ERADICATION AB The growth-inhibiting activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC dried inner bark-derived constituents against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 was examined using paper disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bioassays. The activity of the isolated compounds was compared to that of the commercially available anti-Helicobacter pylori agents, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. The biologically active components of Tabebuia impetiginosa dried inner bark (taheebo) were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, and 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (lapachol). With the paper disc diffusion assay 2(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone exhibited strong activity against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 at 0.01 mg/disc. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, lapachol and metronidazole were less effective, exhibiting moderate anti-Helicobacter pylori activity at 0.1 mg/disc. Amoxicillin and tetracycline were the most potent compounds tested, displaying very strong activity at 0.005 mg/disc. 2-(Hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone exhibited moderate activity at this dose. Tetracycline still had strong activity at 0.001 mg/disc while amoxicillin had little activity at this dose. In the MIC bioassay, 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (2 mu g/mL), anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (8 mu g/mL), and lapachol (4 mu g/mL) were more active than metronidazole (32 mu g/mL) but less effective than amoxicillin (0.063 mu g/mL) and tetracycline (0.5 mu g/mL). The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of seven 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (structurally related to lapachol), 1,4-naphthoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (naphthazarin), 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone), 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (plumbagin), 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone), and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (dichlone) was also evaluated using the paper disc assay. Menadione and plumbagin were the most potent compounds tested with the later still exhibiting very strong activity at 0.001 mg/disc. Menadione, juglone and tetracycline had strong activity at this low dose while the latter two compounds and amoxicillin had very strong activity at 0.005 mg/disc. Lawsone was unusual in that it had very strong activity at 0.1 and 0.05 mg/disc but weak activity at doses of 0.01 mg/disc and lower. Naphthazalin, lapachol and dichlone had similar activities while metronidazole had the lowest activity of all compounds tested. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of taheebo. The Tabebuia impetiginosa dried inner bark-derived materials, particularly 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone, merit further study as potential Helicobacter pylori eradicating agents or lead compounds. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kjh2404@snu.ac.kr OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD APR 21 PY 2006 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.005 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 036UN UT WOS:000237101300037 PM 16359837 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Biswas, A AF Shogren, RL Biswas, A TI Preparation of water-soluble and water-swellable starch acetates using microwave heating SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch ester; microwave; esterification; biodegradable ID CORN STARCHES; ACETIC-ACID; VISCOSITY; AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN; ESTERS AB Starch acetates of degree of substitution 0.1-1.5 were prepared by heating corn starch, acetic acid and acetic anhydride in sealed, stirred, teflon vessels in a microwave reactor. Reaction efficiencies were typically > 90% at reaction temperatures of 150-160 degrees C for 4-7 min. Starch acetates prepared by reaction at 160 degrees C to DS values of 0.4-0.9 were > 90% soluble in room temperature water. Acetylation rates and water solubilities decreased in the order waxy > normal > high amylose starch. Significant reduction in molecular weights of the starches occurred during microwave reactions. Acetylation occurred preferentially at the C6 position (70%) based on 13C NMR results. Acetylation at lower temperatures (120 degrees C) gave starches of DS 0.2-0.3 which were water insoluble but highly swellable. These starches retained their native crystallinity, implying that acetate substitution was a block pattern. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 31 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD APR 19 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.10.018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 045CX UT WOS:000237721300003 ER PT J AU Natarajan, SS Xu, CP Bae, HH Caperna, TJ Garrett, WA AF Natarajan, SS Xu, CP Bae, HH Caperna, TJ Garrett, WA TI Characterization of storage proteins in wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybean seeds using proteomic analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean; G. soja; G. max; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS/MS; beta-conglycinin; glycinin ID BETA-CONGLYCININ; SUBUNITS; GENES; GEL; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; ACCESSIONS; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES AB A combined proteomic approach was applied for the separation, identification, and comparison of two major storage proteins, beta-conglycinin and glycinin, in wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybean seeds. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) with three different immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips was an effective method to separate a large number of abundant and less-abundant storage proteins. Most of the subunits of beta-conglycinin were well-separated in the pH range 3.0-10.0, while acidic and basic glycinin polypeptides were well-separated in pH ranges 4.0-7.0 and 6.0-11.0, respectively. Although the overall distribution pattern of the protein spots was similar in both genotypes using pH 3.0-10.0, variations in number and intensity of protein spots were better resolved using a combination of pH 4.0-7.0 and pH 6.0-11.0. The total number of storage protein spots detected in wild and cultivated genotypes was approximately 44 and 34, respectively. This is the first study reporting the comparison of protein profiles of wild and cultivated genotypes of soybean seeds using proteomic tools. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab,Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Natarajan, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab,Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 37 TC 73 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 19 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 8 BP 3114 EP 3120 DI 10.1021/jf052954k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 036JQ UT WOS:000237067800048 PM 16608239 ER PT J AU Demirci, B Baser, KHC Tabanca, N Wedge, DE AF Demirci, B Baser, KHC Tabanca, N Wedge, DE TI Characterization of volatile constituents of Haplopappus greenei and studies on the antifungal activity against phytopathogens SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Haplopappus greenei; Asteraceae; essential oil; GC-MS; carvacrol; beta-pinene; strawberry pathogenic fungi; biological activity; antifungal activity ID COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RESINOUS EXUDATE; CLERODANE DITERPENES; FOLIOSUS; FLAVONOIDS; UNCINATUS; ANTIBACTERIAL; MULTIFOLIUS; DESERTICOLA; COUMARINS AB Essential oil of Haplopappus greenei A. Gray was obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts, which were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Major components were identified as carvacrol (8.7%), beta-pinene (7.6%), trans-pinocarveol (6.2%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.8%), respectively. In total, 104 components representing 84.9% of the investigated essential oil were characterized. Furthermore, the essential oil was evaluated for antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. However, only antifungal activity was observed against the strawberry anthracnose-causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using the direct overlay bioautography assay. Major essential oil components were also evaluated for antifungal activity; the carvacrol standard demonstrated nonselective activity against the three Colletotrichum species and the other compounds were inactive. C1 Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Demirci, B (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. EM betuldemirci@gmail.com RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 19 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 8 BP 3146 EP 3150 DI 10.1021/JF053222V PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 036JQ UT WOS:000237067800053 PM 16608244 ER PT J AU Tondje, PR Hebbar, KP Samuels, G Bowers, JH Weise, S Nyemb, E Begoude, D Foko, J Fontem, D AF Tondje, PR Hebbar, KP Samuels, G Bowers, JH Weise, S Nyemb, E Begoude, D Foko, J Fontem, D TI Bioassay of Geniculosporium ispecies for Phytophthora megakarya biological control on cacao pod husk pieces SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cacao; biological control; Geniculosporium sp; endophytes; Phytophthora megakarya; pod husks pieces ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; CAMEROON; MICROORGANISMS; ENDOPHYTES; TOMATO AB Fungal endophytes (Geniculosporium sp.) isolated from cacao leaves were screened for biological control of Phytophthora megakarya the cacao black pod disease pathogen, using Cacao Pod Husk Pieces (CPHP). CPHP were pre-treated with spore suspensions of Geniculosporium sp. [BC13 (GJS 01-196), BC108 (GJS 01-192), BC118 ( GJS 01-197), BC177 ( GJS 01-198)], and were infected with P. megakarya zoospore suspensions (10(5) zoospores/ml). Effects on P. megakarya were noticed at pod infection, mycelia growth inside infected tissues, and fungal sporulation, that are major stages of the black pod disease cycle on cacao pods. CPHP pre-treated with BC108 expressed the lowest early Infection Index (EII), but could not control disease progress into infected cacao pod husk tissues. On CPHP pre-treated with BC13, average growth rate of the necrosis was significantly reduced, but no control on P. megakarya sporulation was observed, while CPHP pre-treated with BC177 significantly reduced P. megakarya sporulation. C1 Inst Agr REs & Dev, Reg Biol Control & Appl Microbiol Lab, Yaounde, Cameroon. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops Syst Lab, MARS Inc, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Int Inst TRop Agr, HFS, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Dschang, Fac Agron & Agr Sci, Dschang, Cameroon. RP Tondje, PR (reprint author), Inst Agr REs & Dev, Reg Biol Control & Appl Microbiol Lab, POB 2123, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM prtondje@yahoo.com NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI NAIROBI PA P. O. BOX 5170-00200, NAIROBI, KENYA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD APR 18 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 8 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 035QB UT WOS:000237015300016 ER PT J AU Gao, S Goldberg, S Herbel, MJ Chalmers, AT Fujii, R Tanji, KK AF Gao, S Goldberg, S Herbel, MJ Chalmers, AT Fujii, R Tanji, KK TI Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake bed, California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE arsenate; adsorption; surface complexation model; hysteresis ID CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDE MINERALS; CLAY-MINERALS; GOETHITE; DESORPTION; COMPLEXATION; FERRIHYDRITE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater in Tulare Basin pose an environmental risk because of the carcinogenic properties of As and the potential for its migration to deep aquifers that could serve as a future drinking water source. Adsorption and desorption are hypothesized to be the major processes controlling As solubility in oxidized surface sediments where arsenate [As(V)] is dominant. This study examined the relationship between sorption processes and arsenic solubility in shallow sediments from the dry Tulare Lake bed by determining sorption isotherms, PH effect on solubility, and desorption-readsorption behavior (hysteresis), and by using a surface complexation model to describe sorption. The sediments showed a high capacity to adsorb As(V). Estimates of the maximum adsorption capacity were 92 mg As kg(-1) at PH 7.5 and 70 mg As kg(-1) at PH 8.5 obtained using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Soluble arsenic [> 97% As(V)] did not increase dramatically until above PH 10. In the native PH range (7.5-8.5), soluble As concentrations were close to the lowest, indicating that As was strongly retained on the sediment. A surface complexation model, the constant capacitance model, was able to provide a simultaneous fit to both adsorption isotherms (PH 7.5 and 8.5) and the adsorption envelope (PH effect on soluble As), although the data ranges are one order of magnitude different. A hysteresis phenomenon between As adsorbed on the sediment and As in solution phase was observed in the desorption-readsorption processes and differs from conventional hysteresis observed in adsorption-desorption processes. The cause is most likely due to modification of adsorbent surfaces in sediment samples upon extensive extractions (or desorption). The significance of the hysteresis phenomenon in affecting As solubility and mobility may be better understood by further microscopic studies of As interaction mechanisms with sediments subjected to extensive leaching in natural environments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 16 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035JT UT WOS:000236997800004 ER PT J AU Uthe, JJ Stabel, TJ Zhao, SH Tuggle, CK Bearson, SMD AF Uthe, JJ Stabel, TJ Zhao, SH Tuggle, CK Bearson, SMD TI Analysis of porcine differential gene expression following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis using suppression subtractive hybridization SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis; swine; suppression subtractive hybridization; real-time RT-PCR; differential gene expression ID INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; SWINE; HSP70; TYPHIMURIUM; MACROPHAGES; CHEMOATTRACTANT; PATHOGENESIS; SECRETION AB Swine-adapted Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) is the pathogen most frequently isolated from diseased pigs and may affect host gene expression in a species-specific manner. To characterize the porcine transcriptional response to S. Choleraesuis infection, the mRNA profiles from the mesenteric lymph nodes of three non-infected and three experimentally infected pigs at 24 h post-inoculation were analyzed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Forty-four up-regulated and 44 down-regulated genes were revealed by differential cDNA screening of 384 forward and 288 reverse subtracted cDNA clones. The DNA sequence of the cDNA clones identified genes with a role in a variety of cellular functions as well as gene products of unknown function. Seven up-regulated genes (CXCL10, CXCR4, SDCBP, DNAJA1, HSPH1, HSP90 and ANXA5) and two functionally related genes (HSP70 and DNAJA4:pDJA1) were selected for further analysis based on their predicted roles in infection and immunity. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using RNA collected from a time course of infection spanning from the acute phase (8 h) to the chronic phase (21 days) to confirm and quantitate the up-regulation of the SSH-enriched genes. Correlating with the clinical signs of infection (fever, diarrhea and lethargy), the most dramatic induction of gene expression for all nine genes occurred at 48 h post-inoculation. This investigation further defines the porcine response to a host-adapted strain of Salmonella by revealing the differential expression of genes with a role in a variety of host cellular functions including innate immunity and cytoskeleton regulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bearson, SMD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM sbearson@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 16 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.042 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 032AH UT WOS:000236745800007 PM 16364571 ER PT J AU Stranges, S Marshall, JR Trevisan, M Natarajan, R Donahue, RP Combs, GF Farinaro, E Clark, LC Reid, ME AF Stranges, S Marshall, JR Trevisan, M Natarajan, R Donahue, RP Combs, GF Farinaro, E Clark, LC Reid, ME TI Effects of selenium supplementation on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: Secondary analyses in a randomized clinical trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; cardiovascular diseases; clinical trials; primary prevention; risk; selenium ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SERUM SELENIUM; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; CANCER-PREVENTION; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITION AB Despite the documented antioxidant and chemopreventive properties of selenium, studies of selenium intake and supplementation and cardiovascular disease have yielded inconsistent findings. The authors examined the effect of selenium supplementation (200 mu g daily) on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality through the entire blinded phase of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (1983-1996) among participants who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (randomized to selenium: n = 504; randomized to placebo: n = 500). Selenium supplementation was not significantly associated with any of the cardiovascular disease endpoints during 7.6 years of follow-up (all cardiovascular disease: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 1.37; myocardial infarction: HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.44; stroke: HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.65; all cardiovascular disease mortality: HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.95). The lack of significant association with cardiovascular disease endpoints was also confirmed when analyses were further stratified by tertiles of baseline plasma selenium concentrations. These findings indicate no overall effect of selenium supplementation on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med Sci, Naples, Italy. RP Stranges, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, 3435 Main St,Farber Hall,Room 272, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM stranges@buffalo.edu RI STRANGES, SAVERIO/F-3273-2010 NR 33 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 8 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj097 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 030DE UT WOS:000236612700002 PM 16495471 ER PT J AU Espy, SC Keasling, JD Castillon, J Cornish, K AF Espy, SC Keasling, JD Castillon, J Cornish, K TI Initiator-independent and initiator-dependent rubber blosynthesis in Ficus elastica SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cofactor; Ficus; Guayule; Hevea; latex; magnesium; natural rubber; Parthenium; polymerization ID GUAYULE PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; PRENYL TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; NATURAL-RUBBER; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PARTICLES; BIOSYNTHESIS; LATEX; CIS; BIOCHEMISTRY AB The rubber-producing tree, Ficus elastica (the Indian rubber tree), requires the same substrates for rubber production as other rubber-producing plants, Such as Hevea brasiliensis (the Brazilian or Para rubber tree), the major Source of commercial natural rubber in the world, and Parthenium argentatum (guayule), it widely studied alternative for natural rubber production currently under commercial development. Rubber biosynthesis can be studied, in vitro, using purified, enzymatically active rubber particles, an initiator Such as FPP, IPP its the source of monomer, and a metal cofactor such as Mg2+. However, unlike H. brasiliensis and P. argentatum, we show that enzymatically active rubber particles purified from F elastica are able to synthesize rubber, in vitro, in the absence of added initiator. In this paper, we characterize, for the first time, the kinetic differences between initiator-dependent rubber biosynthesis, and initiator-independent rubber biosynthesis, and the effect of cofactor concentration on both of these processes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), Yulex Corp, 1945 Camino Vida Roble,Suite C, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM kcornish@yulex.com RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; NR 25 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 448 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2006.01.009 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 041YK UT WOS:000237493100003 PM 16488387 ER PT J AU Baranski, R Baranska, M Schulz, H Simon, PW Nothnagel, T AF Baranski, R Baranska, M Schulz, H Simon, PW Nothnagel, T TI Single seed Raman measurements allow taxonomical discrimination of Apiaceae accessions collected in gene banks SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE FT-Raman spectroscopy; in situ; nondestructive; chemotaxonomy; Daucus; seed composition; Umbelliferae ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; UMBELLIFEROUS SEEDS; PROTEIN BODIES; SCANDICEAE; PHYLOGENY; PLANTS; CLASSIFICATION; CHEMOTAXONOMY; CAUCALIDEAE; EVOLUTION AB NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy was applied for a nondestructive analysis of single seeds (fruit mericarps) of 36 accessions belonging to various species of the Apiaceae family. Main seed components such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin were identified based on the obtained Raman spectra. Variation at the species and genus level was related to differences observed between spectra. The application of cluster analysis discriminated among most of the species evaluated and grouped them according to their taxonomical classification. The spectroscopically analyzed seeds germinated and developed into normal seedlings to demonstrate the additional advantage that Raman spectroscopy is nondestructive and can be applied to living seed without harm. These results indicate that Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the rational evaluation and management of genetic resources in ex situ seed collections by providing useful information for taxonomical validation of the accessions. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Fed Ctr Breeding Res Cultivated Plants BAZ, Inst Plant Anal, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. Fed Ctr Breeding Res Cultivated Plants BAZ, Inst Hort Crops, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. Agr Univ Krakow, Dept Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, Fac Hort, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Chem, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schulz, H (reprint author), Fed Ctr Breeding Res Cultivated Plants BAZ, Inst Plant Anal, Neuer Weg 22-23, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. EM baranska@chemia.uj.edu.pl; H.Schulz@bafz.de RI baranska, malgorzata/C-2046-2013; Baranski, Rafal/C-8429-2014; Baranski, Rafal/E-1044-2012 OI Baranski, Rafal/0000-0001-9276-3870; Baranski, Rafal/0000-0001-9276-3870 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 81 IS 6 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1002/bip.20452 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 026DC UT WOS:000236315900007 PM 16421916 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH AF Donovan, GH TI Determining the optimal mix of federal and contract fire crews: A case study from the Pacific Northwest SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE wildfire; fire crews; optimization; Pacific Northwest; suppression ID PROGRAMMING-MODEL; FLAME LENGTH; FOREST; CONTAINMENT; ALLOCATION; WIDTH AB Federal land management agencies in the United States are increasingly relying on contract crews as opposed to agency fire crews. Despite this increasing reliance on contractors, there have been no studies to determine what the optimal mix of contract and agency fire crews should be. A mathematical model is presented to address this question and is applied to a case study from the Pacific Northwest. Results show that the optimal number of agency crews is sensitive to assumptions about fire season severity and the availability of alternative work for agency crews on nonsuppression days. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 4 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.10.043 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GU UT WOS:000236693500004 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Schmidt, WF Gregoire, NT AF Barone, JR Schmidt, WF Gregoire, NT TI Extrusion of feather keratin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; proteins; extrusion; Raman spectroscopy ID SUNFLOWER PROTEIN ISOLATE; WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; WHEAT GLUTEN FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ZEIN FILMS; BIODEGRADABLE FILMS; EXTRUDATE SWELL; STARCH; PLASTICIZERS AB Keratin obtained from poultry feathers was extruded at 120 degrees C using a combination of glycerol, water, and sodium sulfite as processing aids. Rheological properties were assessed as a function of water, glycerol, and sodium sulfite content as well as extruder die temperature. The lowest viscosity blends at a constant feather keratin concentration of 60 wt % were found at glycerol concentrations that were higher than the water concentration and sodium sulfite concentrations of 3-4 wt % of the feather keratin fraction. For the melt state, higher or lower sodium sulfite concentrations resulted in increased viscosity. In the solid state, it was observed that processing induced orientation increased the tensile properties of the extrudates. Raman spectroscopy and DSC showed that there was a transition from alpha-helix to beta-sheet at sodium sulfite concentrations of less than 4 wt %. At greater sodium sulfite concentration, increased crystallinity was found, because keratin chains could be extended more during processing. C1 USDA, ARS, ANRI, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ANRI, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 1432 EP 1442 DI 10.1002/app.23501 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 015MV UT WOS:000235556400073 ER PT J AU Li, FQ Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Prueger, JH AF Li, FQ Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Prueger, JH TI Comparing the utility of microwave and thermal remote-sensing constraints in two-source energy balance modeling over an agricultural landscape SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; surface energy balance; microwave soil moisture; thermal infrared ID SOIL-MOISTURE; HEAT-FLUX; SCALES; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; SMEX02; SPACE AB A two-source (soil + vegetation) energy balance model using microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture as a key boundary condition (TSMSM) and another scheme using thermal-infrared (radiometric) surface temperature (TSMTH) were applied to remote sensing data collected over a corn and soybean production region in central Iowa during the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX)/Soil Moisture Experiment of 2002 (SMEX02). The TSMSM was run using fields of near-surface soil moisture from microwave imagery collected by aircraft on six days during the experiment, yielding a root mean square difference (RMSD) between model estimates and tower measurements of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G) of approximately 20 W to m(-2), and 45 W m(-2) for sensible (H) and latent heating (LE). Similar results for H and LE were obtained at landscape/regional scales when comparing model output with transect-average aircraft flux measurements. Flux predictions from the TSMSM and TSMTH models were compared for two days when both airborne microwave-derived soil moisture and radiometric surface temperature (T-R) data from Landsat were available. These two days represented contrasting conditions of moderate crop cover/dry soil surface and dense crop cover/moist soil surface. Surface temperature diagnosed by the TSMSM was also compared directly to the remotely sensed T-R fields as an additional means of model validation. The TSMSM performed well under moderate crop cover/dry soil surface conditions, but yielded larger discrepancies with observed heat fluxes and T-R under the high crop cover/moist soil surface conditions. Flux predictions from the thermal-based two-source model typically showed biases of opposite sign, suggesting that an average of the flux output from both modeling schemes may improve overall accuracy in flux predictions, in effect incorporating multiple remote-sensing constraints on canopy and soil fluxes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Sci Syst & Appl, SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fcl@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 030MF UT WOS:000236638000003 ER PT J AU Merlin, O Chehbouni, A Kerr, YH Goodrich, DC AF Merlin, O Chehbouni, A Kerr, YH Goodrich, DC TI A downscaling method for distributing surface soil moisture within a microwave pixel: Application to the Monsoon '90 data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE downscaling; surface soil moisture; passive microwave remote sensing; SMOS mission; hydrology; Monsoon '90 experiment ID ENERGY FLUXES; CANOPY COVER; FIELD; DISAGGREGATION; RETRIEVAL; EMISSION; SCALES; SCHEME; MODEL AB A downscaling method for the near-surface soil moisture retrieved from passive microwave sensors is applied to the PBMR data collected during the Monsoon '90 experiment. The downscaling method requires (1) the coarse resolution microwave observations, (2) the fine-scale distribution of soil temperature and (3) the fine-scale distribution of surface conditions composed of atmospheric forcing and the parameters involved in the modeling of land surface-atmosphere interactions. During the Monsoon '90 experiment, eight ground-based meteorological and flux stations were operating over the 150km(2) study area simultaneously with the acquisition of the aircraft-based L-band PBMR data. The heterogeneous scene is hence composed of eight subpixels and the microwave pixel is generated by aggregating the microwave emission of all sites. The results indicate a good agreement between the downscaled and ground-based soil moisture as long as the intensity of solar radiation is sufficiently high to use the soil temperature as a tracer of the spatial variability of near-surface soil moisture. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Etudes Spatiales Biosphere, Toulouse, France. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Merlin, O (reprint author), Ctr Etudes Spatiales Biosphere, Toulouse, France. EM merlin@cesbio.cnes.fr RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 030MF UT WOS:000236638000008 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Lellehoj, HS Dalloul, RA Min, WG Miska, KB Tuo, WB Lee, SH Han, JY Lillehoj, EP AF Hong, YH Lellehoj, HS Dalloul, RA Min, WG Miska, KB Tuo, WB Lee, SH Han, JY Lillehoj, EP TI Molecular cloning and characterization of chicken NK-lysin SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NK-lysin; chicken; cloning; Eimeria; intraepithelial lymphocytes ID INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; KILLER CELL-ACTIVITY; CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GRANULYSIN; COCCIDIOSIS; VACCINATION; IDENTIFICATION; STRATEGIES; CDNA AB NK-lysin is an anti-microbial and anti-tumor protein expressed by NK cells and T lymphocytes. In a previous report, we identified a set of overlapping expressed sequence tags constituting a contiguous sequence (contig 171) homologous to mammalian NK-lysins. In the current report, a cDNA encoding NK-lysin was isolated from a library prepared front chicken intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). It consisted of an 850 bp DNA sequence with an open reading frame of 140 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 15.2 kDa. Comparison of its deduced amino acid sequence showed less than 20% identity to mammalian NK-lysins. The tissue distribution of NK-lysin mRNA revealed highest levels in intestinal IELs, intermediate levels in splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes, and lowest levels in thymic and bursa lymphocytes. Following intestinal infection of chickens with Eimeria maxima, one of seven Eimeria species causing avian coccidiosis, NK-lysin transcript levels increased 3-4-fold in CD4(+) and CD8(+) intestinal IELs. However, cell depletion experiments suggested other T lymphocyte subpopulations also expressed NK-lysin. The kinetics of NK-lysin mRNA expression indicated that, whereas infection with E. acervulina induced maximum expression only at 7-8 days post-infection, E. maxima and E. tenella elicited biphasic responses at 3-4 and 7-8 days post-infection. Finally, recombinant chicken NK-lysin expressed in COS7 cells exhibited anti-tumor cell activity against LSCC-RP9, a retrovirus-transformed B-cell line. We conclude that chicken NK-lysin plays important roles during anti-microbial and anti-tumor defenses. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Anim Biotechnol, Div Anim Genet Engn, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lellehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366; Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.11.002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 023VQ UT WOS:000236154700014 PM 16387367 ER PT J AU Boonchit, S Alhassan, A Chan, B Xuan, X Yokoyama, N Ooshiro, M Goff, WL Waghela, SD Wagner, G Igarashi, I AF Boonchit, S Alhassan, A Chan, B Xuan, X Yokoyama, N Ooshiro, M Goff, WL Waghela, SD Wagner, G Igarashi, I TI Expression of C-terminal truncated and full-length Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 and their potential use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bigemina; rhoptry-associated protein 1; recombinant antigen; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID B-CELL EPITOPES; RAP-1 GENES; BOVIS; ANTIBODIES; SURFACE; SEQUENCES; ANTIGEN; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB Recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serological diagnosis of Babesia bigemina infection by using a full-length B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rRAP-1) and the truncated C-terminal RAP-1 (rRAP-1/CT). While the rRAP-1 showed cross reactivity between B. bigemina- and Babesia bovis-infected bovine sera, the rRAP-1/CT was highly specific to B. bigemina-infected bovine sera and proved useful in the detection of sequential sera collected from an experimentally infected cow during the acute and latent infection. The high yield of soluble rRAP-1/CT and its diagnostic specificity demonstrate its potential in the diagnosis of B. bigemina infection. Its usefulness for epidemiological investigation is currently being evaluated. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Natl Res Ctr Protozoan Dis, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. Okinawa Prefectural Inst Anim Hlth, Okinawa 9000024, Japan. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Igarashi, I (reprint author), Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Natl Res Ctr Protozoan Dis, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. EM igarcpmi@obihiro.ac.jp NR 27 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.025 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 030TI UT WOS:000236657200004 PM 16442735 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Chapman, JL Rosenthal, BM Mense, M Schueler, RL AF Dubey, JP Chapman, JL Rosenthal, BM Mense, M Schueler, RL TI Clinical Sarcocystis neurona, Sarcocystis canis, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum infections in dogs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; dogs; schizonts; immunoreactivity; electron microscopy; Sarcocystis canis; Toxoplasma gondii; Neospora caninum ID FATAL HEPATIC SARCOCYSTOSIS; PROTOZOA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; APICOMPLEXA; DIAGNOSIS; RACCOONS; HORSE; CAT AB Sarcocystis neurona, Sarcocystis canis, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum are related apicomplexans that can cause systemic illness in many species of animals, including dogs. We investigated one breeder's 25 Basset Hounds for these infections. In addition, tissues from dogs and other non-canine hosts previously reported as S. canis infections were studied retrospectively. Schizonts resembling those of S. neurona, and recognized by polyclonal rabbit anti-S. neurona antibodies, were found in six of eight retrospective cases, as well as in two additional dogs (one Basset Hound, one Springer Spaniel) not previously reported. S. neurona schizonts were found in several tissues including the central nervous system, lungs, and kidneys. Fatal toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in an adult dog, and neosporosis was diagnosed in an adult and a pup related to the one diagnosed with S. neurona. No serological reactivity to S. neurona antibodies occurred when S. canis-like liver schizonts were retrospectively assayed from two dogs, a dolphin, a sea lion, a horse, a chinchilla, a black or either of two polar bears. Sequencing conserved (18S) and variable (ITS-1) portions of nuclear ribosomal DNA isolated from the schizont-laden liver of a polar bear distinguished it from all previously characterized species of Sarcocystis. We take this genetic signature as provisionally representative of S. canis, an assumption that should be tested with future sequencing of similar liver infections in other mammalian hosts. These findings further extend the uncharacteristically broad intermediate host range for S. neurona, which also causes a neurologic disease in cats, mink, raccoons, skunks, Pacific harbor seals, ponies, zebras, lynxes, and sea otters. Further work is necessary to delineate the causative agent(s) of other cases of canine sarcocystosis, and in particular to specify the attributes of S. canis, which corresponds morphologically to infections reported from wide range of terrestrial and marine mammals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,Belsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. S Carroll Vet Hosp, Eldersburg, MD 21784 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,Belsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.017 PG 14 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 030TI UT WOS:000236657200005 PM 16458431 ER PT J AU Dangolla, A Ekanayake, DK Rajapakse, RPVJ Dubey, JP Silva, ID AF Dangolla, A Ekanayake, DK Rajapakse, RPVJ Dubey, JP Silva, ID TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in captive elephants (Elephaus maximus maximus) in Sri Lanka SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elephants; Elephaus maximus maximus; Sri lanka; modified agglutination test AB Serum samples collected during August 2003-June 2004 from 45 privately owned captive and 8 elephants from the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage were tested for the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii using the direct modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in sera of 14 of 45 (32%) privately owned elephants with titers of 1:25 in three, 1:50 in three, 1:100 in three, 1:200 in three, and 1:400 in three elephants. The elephants from Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage were seronegative. This is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in elephants in Sri Lanka. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 172 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.11.028 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 030TI UT WOS:000236657200022 PM 16414192 ER PT J AU Carrasco, L Raya, AI Nunez, A Gomez-Laguna, J Hernandez, S Dubey, JP AF Carrasco, L Raya, AI Nunez, A Gomez-Laguna, J Hernandez, S Dubey, JP TI Fatal toxoplasmosis and concurrent Calodium hepaticum infection in Korean squirrels (Tanias sibericus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Calodium hepaticum; immunohistchemistry; tissue cysts; tachyzoites; electronmicroscopy ID CAPILLARIA-HEPATICA; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; DIAGNOSIS AB Four Korean squirrels (Tanias siberius) imported in Spain from People's Republic of China died 2 days after their arrival at a pet shop. They had neurological signs associated with generalized toxoplasmosis involving brain, lungs, liver, and the heart. Toxoplasma gondii-like tachyzoites and tissue cysts were found in organs of all four squirrels. The protozoa stained positively with T. gondii polyclonal antibodies and were ultrastructurally similar to T. gondii. Calodium (Capillaria) hepaticum infection was found in the liver of one squirrel. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Cordoba, Fac Vet, Dept Anat & Anat Patol Comparadas & Sanidad Anim, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Nunez Castel, Alejandro/C-2560-2011; Gomez-Laguna, Jaime/M-1411-2014 OI Gomez-Laguna, Jaime/0000-0002-1787-5642 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.11.026 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 030TI UT WOS:000236657200024 PM 16406358 ER PT J AU Leshkowitz, D Gazit, S Reuveni, E Ghanim, M Czosnek, H McKenzie, C Shatters, RL Brown, JK AF Leshkowitz, Dena Gazit, Shirley Reuveni, Eli Ghanim, Murad Czosnek, Henryk McKenzie, Cindy Shatters, Robert L., Jr. Brown, Judith K. TI Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) genome project: analysis of sequenced clones from egg, instar, and adult (viruliferous and non-viruliferous) cDNA libraries SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; TRANSMISSION PATHWAY; DATABASE SEARCH; PLANT-VIRUSES; GENE ONTOLOGY; TOMATO; VECTOR; GEMINIVIRUS; GENNADIUS AB Background: The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant viruses. Among the most important plant viruses to be transmitted by B. tabaci are those in the genus Begomovirus (family, Geminiviridae). Surprisingly, little is known about the genome of this whitefly. The haploid genome size for male B. tabaci has been estimated to be approximately one billion bp by flow cytometry analysis, about five times the size of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. The genes involved in whitefly development, in host range plasticity, and in begomovirus vector specificity and competency, are unknown. Results: To address this general shortage of genomic sequence information, we have constructed three cDNA libraries from non-viruliferous whiteflies (eggs, immature instars, and adults) and two from adult insects that fed on tomato plants infected by two geminiviruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV). In total, the sequence of 18,976 clones was determined. After quality control, and removal of 5,542 clones of mitochondrial origin 9,110 sequences remained which included 3,843 singletons and 1,017 contigs. Comparisons with public databases indicated that the libraries contained genes involved in cellular and developmental processes. In addition, approximately 1,000 bases aligned with the genome of the B. tabaci endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, originating primarily from the egg and instar libraries. Apart from the mitochondrial sequences, the longest and most abundant sequence encodes vitellogenin, which originated from whitefly adult libraries, indicating that much of the gene expression in this insect is directed toward the production of eggs. Conclusion: This is the first functional genomics project involving a hemipteran (Homopteran) insect from the subtropics/tropics. The B. tabaci sequence database now provides an important tool to initiate identification of whitefly genes involved in development, behaviour, and B. tabaci-mediated begomovirus transmission. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Bioinformat Unit, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EMBL, Mouse Biol Programme, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, Inst Plant Protect, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Czosnek, H (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM dena@agri.huji.ac.il; gazits@agri.huji.ac.il; reuveni@embl.it; ghanim@agri.gov.il; czosnek@agri.huji.ac.il; cmckenzie@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; rshatters@saa.ars.usda.gov; jbrown@ag.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 11 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 79 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-79 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060TP UT WOS:000238824800001 PM 16608516 ER PT J AU Takahashi, H Sakamoto, T Hyodo, S Shepherd, BS Kaneko, T Grau, EG AF Takahashi, H Sakamoto, T Hyodo, S Shepherd, BS Kaneko, T Grau, EG TI Expression of glucocorticoid receptor in the intestine of a euryhaline teleost, the mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): Effect of seawater exposure and cortisol treatment SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cortisol; receptor; intestine; osmoregulation; seawater adaptation ID CHUM SALMON FRY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BINDING DOMAIN; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; FRESH-WATER; SEA-WATER; FISH; STRESS; GILL AB Cortisol plays an important role in controlling intestinal water and ion transport in teleosts possibly through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and/or mineralocorticoid receptor. To better understand the role of GR in the teleost intestine, in a euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, we examined (1) the intestinal localizations of GR; (2) the effects of environmental salinity challenge and cortisol treatment oil GR mRNA expression. The mRNA abundance of GR in the posterior intestinal region of tilapia was found to be higher than that in the anterior and middle intestine. In the posterior intestine, GR appears to be localized in the mucosal layer. GR mRNA levels in the posterior intestine were elevated after exposure of freshwater fish to seawater for 7 days following an increase in plasma cortisol. Similarly, cortisol implantation in freshwater tilapia for 7 days elevated the intestinal GR mRNA. These results indicate that seawater acclimation is accompanied by upregulation of GR mRNA abundance in intestinal tissue, possibly as a consequence of the elevation of cortisol levels. In contrast, a single intraperitoneal injection of cortisol into freshwater tilapia decreased intestinal GR mRNA. This downregulation of the GR mRNA by cortisol suggests a dual mode of autoregulation of GR expression by cortisol. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All lights reserved. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Fac Integrated Arts & Sci, Hiroshima 7398521, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Coll & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Aquat Biosci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Ushimado Marine Lab, Okayama 7014303, Japan. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Ushimado Marine Lab, Ushimado, Setouchi 70143, Japan. EM ryu@uml.okayama-u.ac.jp NR 44 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD APR 11 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 20 BP 2329 EP 2335 DI 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.050 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 030KP UT WOS:000236633700006 PM 16376384 ER PT J AU Ginger, MR Shore, AN Contreras, A Rijnkels, M Miller, J Gonzalez-Rimbau, MF Rosen, JM AF Ginger, MR Shore, AN Contreras, A Rijnkels, M Miller, J Gonzalez-Rimbau, MF Rosen, JM TI A noncoding RNA is a potential marker of cell fate during mammary gland development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE parity; terminal ductal lobular unit ID HORMONAL PREVENTION; BREAST-CANCER; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTOME; EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY; GENES; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-21; DIFFERENTIATION; CARCINOGENESIS AB PINC is a large, alternatively spliced, developmentally regulated, noncoding RNA expressed in the regressed terminal ductal lobular unit-like structures of the parous mammary gland. Previous studies have shown that this population of cells possesses not only progenitor-like qualities (the ability to proliferate and repopulate a mammary gland) and the ability to survive developmentally programmed cell death but also the inhibition of carcinogen-induced proliferation. Here we report that PINC expression is temporally and spatially regulated in response to developmental stimuli in vivo and that PINC RNA is localized to distinct foci in either the nucleus or the cytoplasm in a cell-cycle-specific manner. Loss-of-function experiments suggest that PINC performs dual roles in cell survival and regulation of cell-cycle progression, suggesting that PINC may contribute to the developmentally mediated changes previously observed in the terminal ductal lobular unit-like structures of the parous gland. This is one of the first reports describing the functional properties of a large, developmentally regulated, mammalian, noncoding RNA. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Program Dev Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rosen, JM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jrosen@bcm.edu RI Miller, Jonathan/M-4389-2014 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 64255, P01 CA064255] NR 38 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 11 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 15 BP 5781 EP 5786 DI 10.1073/pnas.0600745103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 034AK UT WOS:000236896200028 PM 16574773 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Venegas, R Sadder, M Hlavacka, A Baluska, F Xia, YN Lu, GQ Firsov, A Sarath, G Moriyama, H Dubrovsky, JG Avramova, Z AF Alvarez-Venegas, R Sadder, M Hlavacka, A Baluska, F Xia, YN Lu, GQ Firsov, A Sarath, G Moriyama, H Dubrovsky, JG Avramova, Z TI The Arabidopsis homolog of trithorax, ATX1, binds phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, and the two regulate a common set of target genes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE epigenetic regulation; lipid signaling ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; INOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATES; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; DOMAIN PROTEINS; HOMEOTIC GENES; PHORBOL ESTER; PHD FINGER; 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; MECHANISMS; DROSOPHILA AB The Arabidopsis homolog of trithorax, ATX1, regulates numerous functions in Arabidopsis beyond the homeotic genes. Here, we identified genome-wide targets of ATX1 and showed that ATX1 is a receptor for a lipid messenger, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, PI5P. PI5P negatively affects ATX1 activity, suggesting a regulatory pathway connecting lipid-signaling with nuclear functions. We propose a model to illustrate how plants may respond to stimuli (external or internal) that elevate cellular PI5P levels by altering expression of ATX1-controlled genes. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Bot, Dept Plant Cell Biol, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Genom Core Res Facil, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Bioinformat Core Res Facil, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, Agr Res Serv Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. RP Avramova, Z (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM zavramova2@unl.edu RI Alvarez-Venegas, Raul/B-1086-2008; Dubrovsky, Joseph/B-9479-2008; Sadder, Monther/B-9081-2015 OI Alvarez-Venegas, Raul/0000-0002-3600-050X; Dubrovsky, Joseph/0000-0002-2072-4650; Sadder, Monther/0000-0001-6651-0423 NR 36 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 11 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 15 BP 6049 EP 6054 DI 10.1073/pnas.0600944103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 034AK UT WOS:000236896200073 PM 16585509 ER PT J AU Pu, YQ Ziemer, C Ragauskas, AJ AF Pu, YQ Ziemer, C Ragauskas, AJ TI CP/MAS C-13 NMR analysis of cellulase treated bleached softwood kraft pulp SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cellulose; NMR; cellulase hydrolysis; supra-molecular structure; crystallinity ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; NATIVE CELLULOSES; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACIDOTHERMUS-CELLULOLYTICUS; SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AB Fully bleached softwood kraft pulps were hydrolyzed with cellulase (1,4-(1,3:1,4)-beta-D-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) from Trichoderma reesei. Supra-molecular Structural features of cellulose during enzymatic hydrolysis were examined by using CP/MAS C-13 NMR spectra in combination with line-fitting analysis. Different types of cellulose allomorphs (cellulose I alpha, cellulose I-beta, para-crystalline) and amorphous regions were hydrolyzed to a different extent by the enzyme used. Also observed was a rapid initial phase for hydrolysis of regions followed by it slow hydrolysis phase. Cellulose I-alpha, para-crystalline, and non-crystalline regions of cellulose are more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis than cellulose I-beta during the initial phase. After the initial phase, all the regions are then similarly susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 500 10th St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu OI Pu, Yunqiao/0000-0003-2554-1447; Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X NR 62 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 341 IS 5 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.12.012 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 026EZ UT WOS:000236321800004 PM 16442511 ER PT J AU Paul, S Gable, K Beaudoin, F Cahoon, E Jaworski, J Napier, JA Dunn, TM AF Paul, S Gable, K Beaudoin, F Cahoon, E Jaworski, J Napier, JA Dunn, TM TI Members of the Arabidopsis FAE1-like3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase gene family substitute for the Elop proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID ELONGASE; KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CHAIN ELONGATION; FAE1 KCS; REDUCTASE; ENZYME; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENCODES; CLONING AB Several 3-keto-synthases have been studied, including the soluble fatty acid synthases, those involved in polyketide synthesis, and the FAE1-like 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases. All of these condensing enzymes have a common ancestor and an enzymatic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of Cys, His, and His/Asn. In contrast to the FAE1-like family of enzymes that mediate plant microsomal fatty acid elongation, the condensation step of elongation in animals and in fungi appears to be mediated by the Elop homologs. Curiously these proteins bear no resemblance to the well characterized 3-keto-synthases. There are three ELO genes in yeast that encode the homologous Elo1p, Elo2p, and Elo3p proteins. Elo2p and Elo3p are required for synthesis of the very long-chain fatty acids, and mutants lacking both Elo2p and Elo3p are inviable confirming that the very long-chain fatty acids are essential for cellular functions. In this study we show that heterologous expression of several Arabidopsis FAE1-like genes rescues the lethality of an elo2 Delta elo3 Delta yeast mutant. We further demonstrate that FAE1 acts in conjunction with the 3-keto and trans-2,3-enoyl reductases of the elongase system. These studies indicate that even though the plant-specific FAE1 family of condensing enzymes evolved independently of the Elop family of condensing enzymes, they utilize the same reductases and presumably dehydratase that the Elop proteins rely upon. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bethesda, MD 20184 USA. Rothamsted Res, Crop Performance & Improvement, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Dunn, TM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20184 USA. EM tdunn@usuhs.mil RI Jaworski, Jan/N-2255-2014; OI Jaworski, Jan/0000-0003-3309-4915 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/C/00004156] NR 38 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 14 BP 9018 EP 9029 DI 10.1074/jbc.M507723200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 027HB UT WOS:000236404700006 PM 16449229 ER PT J AU Fielding, D AF Fielding, Dennis TI Optimal diapause strategies of a grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGENEOTETTIX-DEORUM ORTHOPTERA; PITCHER-PLANT MOSQUITO; FITNESS FUNCTIONS; LIFE-CYCLE; POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT; OEDALEUS-SENEGALENSIS; EMBRYONIC DIAPAUSE; WYEOMYIA-SMITHII; ACRIDIDAE; INDUCTION AB Previous analyses of diapause in insects have most often focused on the timing of the switch from non-diapausing to diapausing offspring in bivoltine populations and have assumed that diapause is irreversible or that the insect cannot survive winter if not in diapause. Many insects exhibit more flexibility in their life cycles, such as the age at which diapause begins, and facultative diapause, that may influence the evolution of different diapause strategies in different environments. The grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes F. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has a very wide geographic range over which diapause characteristics vary greatly. Embryonic diapause in this species may be under maternal control, may be obligate or facultative (i.e., may be averted by cold temperature treatment of pre-diapause embryos), and embryos may enter diapause at different ages. Diapause traits were examined in two populations of M. sanguinipes from very different environments. In the population from a temperate climate (Idaho, USA), diapause was facultative, i.e., pre-diapause embryos averted diapause when held at 5 degrees C for 90 days at all ages tested (7 days and older). The Idaho embryos entered diapause in late stage of development if held at 22 degrees C for 30 days or more. In populations from subarctic Alaska, USA, embryos also entered diapause in a late stage of development, but diapause was obligate and could not be averted by chilling in the pre-diapause stages. Simulated evolution of these traits over a wide range of season-lengths showed that late stage diapause is an essential trait in very short season environments, resulting in early hatching, and a semivoltine life-cycle. Facultative diapause enabled bivoltinism to be a viable strategy in shorter seasons than when diapause was obligate. At transitions from semivoltine to univoltine, and from univoltine to bivoltine life cycles, populations with obligate diapause adopted a strategy of no diapause (via maternal effects) to enable univoltine life cycles. C1 USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fielding, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 750102, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdjf1@uaf.edu NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 02 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 072SV UT WOS:000239694200001 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, NR Mullen, SP Sword, GA Chapman, RF Harrison, RG AF Lovejoy, NR Mullen, SP Sword, GA Chapman, RF Harrison, RG TI Ancient trans-Atlantic flight explains locust biogeography: molecular phylogenetics of Schistocerca SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Schistocerca; desert locust; biogeography; molecular phylogeny; gregarious behaviour; swarming ID RIVER BASIN OLIGOCENE; DESERT LOCUST; POLYPHAGOUS GRASSHOPPER; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; ORTHOPTERA-CAELIFERA; SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHASE-CHANGE; GREGARIA; EVOLUTION AB The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) has been an important agricultural pest at least since biblical times. Although the ecology, physiology and behaviour of this insect species have been well characterized, its biogeographical origins and evolutionary history are more obscure. Schistocerca gregaria occurs throughout Africa, the Middle East and Western Asia, but all other species in the genus Schistocerca are found in the New World. Because S. gregaria has the capacity for extreme long-distance movement associated with swarming behaviour, dispersal may have played an important role in determining current distribution patterns. Some authors have argued that S. gregaria is the product of an eastward trans-Atlantic dispersal from North America to Africa, others consider it more likely that the New World taxa are the product of westward dispersal from Africa. Here, we present a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of Schistocerca species that supports the monophyly of New World species (including the Galapagos endemic Halmenus) relative to S. gregaria. In concert with observed patterns of molecular divergence, and in contrast to previous morphological studies, our analysis indicates a single trans-Atlantic flight from Africa to South America, followed by extensive speciation and ecological divergence in the New World. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Life Sci, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Univ Arizona, ARL, Div Neurobiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lovejoy, NR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Life Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM lovejoy@utsc.utoronto.ca OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1588 BP 767 EP 774 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3381 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 025PQ UT WOS:000236279800001 PM 16618668 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Davis, AR Roberts, W AF Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Davis, AR Roberts, W TI Carotenoid content of 50 watermelon cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lycopene; free radical scavenger; antioxidant; Citrullus lanatus ID PLASMA LYCOPENE; BETA-CAROTENE; TOMATO; SUPPLEMENTATION; HUMANS; WOMEN; JUICE; RISK AB The lycopene content of 50 commercial cultivars of seeded and seedless red-fleshed watermelons was determined. Scanning colorimetric and spectrophotometric assays of total lycopene were used to separate watermelon cultivars into low (< 50 mg/kg fw), average (50-70 mg/kg fw), high (70-90 mg/kg fw), and very high (> 90 mg/kg fw). Cultivars varied greatly in lycopene content, ranging from 33 to 100 mg/kg. Most of the seeded hybrid cultivars had average lycopene contents. Sixteen of the 33 seedless types had lycopene contents in the high and very high ranges. All-trans-lycopene was the predominant carotenoid (84-97%) in all watermelon cultivars measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, but the germplasm differed in the relative amounts of cis-lycopene, beta-carotene, and phytofluene. Red-fleshed watermelon genotypes vary extensively in carotenoid content and offer opportunities for developing watermelons with specifically enhanced carotenoids. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org NR 22 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 2593 EP 2597 DI 10.1021/jf052066p PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030IR UT WOS:000236628500021 PM 16569049 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Holmes, RA Pinkerton, TS Johnson, ET Lagrimini, LM Boston, RS AF Dowd, PF Holmes, RA Pinkerton, TS Johnson, ET Lagrimini, LM Boston, RS TI Relative activity of a tobacco hybrid expressing high levels of a tobacco anionic peroxidase and maize ribosome-inactivating protein against Helicoverpa zea and Lasioderma serricorne SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa; Lasioderma; peroxidase; ribosome-inactivating protein; insect resistance; transgenic ID INSECT RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; LEAF RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; HERBIVORE; PHENOLICS; TOXICITY; GENETICS AB Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants grown from seed obtained by crossing a tobacco line that expressed an activated maize ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) with a line that overexpressed tobacco anionic peroxidase were tested for their effects on corn earworm Helicoverpa zea and cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne larvae as compared to the wild-type plant cross. Significant feeding reductions were noted for transgenic plants expressing both resistance proteins as compared to wildtype plants for both H. zea and L. serricorne. Significant increases in mortality were also noted for those insects fed on the transgenic cross as compared to wild-type plants in some cases. Levels of both peroxidase and maize RIP were significantly higher in transgenic as compared to wild-type plants (which did not produce maize RIP). The degree of feeding was significantly negatively correlated with the level of RIP or peroxidase individually. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dowdpf@ncaur.usda.gov RI Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011; OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916; Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 2629 EP 2634 DI 10.1021/jf058180p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030IR UT WOS:000236628500026 PM 16569054 ER PT J AU Patindol, J Flowers, A Kuo, MI Wang, YJ Gealy, D AF Patindol, J Flowers, A Kuo, MI Wang, YJ Gealy, D TI Comparison of physicochemical properties and starch structure of red rice and cultivated rice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE red rice; cultivated rice; starch structure; amylose; amylopectin; physicochemical properties ID ORYZA-SATIVA; AMYLOSE CONTENT; FINE-STRUCTURES; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATINIZATION AB Sixteen red rice accessions from the southern United States were studied for their physical, milling, pasting, and thermal properties, chemical composition, and starch fine structure relative to cultivated medium- and long-grain rice varieties. All red rice samples were medium-grain, but their physicochemical properties were different from those of Bengal, a cultivated medium-grain rice. Their apparent amylose and crude protein contents were generally higher, and their amylopectin structure consisted of a higher percentage of the shorter branch chains (DP6-24) and a lower percentage of the longer branch chains (DP25-65). Red rice starch pasting and thermal properties were similar to those of Wells, a long-grain rice cultivar. The red rice samples can be classified into two major clusters according to their kernel properties by hierarchical cluster analysis: one cluster with more resemblance to Wells and another cluster with more resemblance to Bengal. Starch structure and kernel physicochemical properties may offer an alternative way of classifying red rice in addition to phenotypic and genetic indices. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AK 72160 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM yjwang@uark.edu NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 2712 EP 2718 DI 10.1021/jf0523418 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030IR UT WOS:000236628500037 PM 16569065 ER PT J AU Chakrabarty, RK Moosmuller, H Garro, MA Arnott, WP Walker, J Susott, RA Babbitt, RE Wold, CE Lincoln, EN Hao, WM AF Chakrabarty, RK Moosmuller, H Garro, MA Arnott, WP Walker, J Susott, RA Babbitt, RE Wold, CE Lincoln, EN Hao, WM TI Emissions from the laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: Particle morphology and size SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SOUTHERN AFRICA; URBAN AEROSOL; MOBILITY; BRAZIL AB [1] The morphology of particles emitted by wildland fires contributes to their physical and chemical properties but is rarely determined. As part of a study at the USFS Fire Sciences Laboratory (FSL) investigating properties of particulate matter emitted by fires, we studied the size, morphology, and microstructure of particles emitted from the combustion of eight different wildland fuels (i.e., sagebrush, poplar wood, ponderosa pine wood, ponderosa pine needles, white pine needles, tundra cores, and two grasses) by scanning electron microscopy. Six of these fuels were dry, while two fuels, namely the tundra cores and one of the grasses, had high fuel moisture content. The particle images were analyzed for their density and textural fractal dimensions, their monomer and agglomerate number size distributions, and three different shape descriptors, namely aspect ratio, root form factor, and roundness. The particles were also probed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirming their carbonaceous nature. The density fractal dimension of the agglomerates was determined using two different techniques, one taking into account the three-dimensional nature of the particles, yielding values between 1.67 and 1.83, the other taking into account only the two-dimensional orientation, yielding values between 1.68 and 1.74. The textural fractal dimension that describes the roughness of the boundary of the two-dimensional projection of the particle was between 1.10 and 1.19. The maximum length of agglomerates was proportional to a power a of their diameter and the proportionality constant and the three shape descriptors were parameterized as function of the exponent a. C1 Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Chakrabarty, RK (reprint author), Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM rajan.chakrabarty@dri.edu RI Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011 NR 50 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D7 AR D07204 DI 10.1029/2005JD006659 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 033VV UT WOS:000236880400003 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Thibodeaux, DP Sachinvala, ND Moreau, JP Robert, KQ Sawhney, APS Goynes, WR AF Parikh, D. V. Thibodeaux, D. P. Sachinvala, N. D. Moreau, J. P. Robert, K. Q. Sawhney, A. P. S. Goynes, W. R. TI Effect of cotton fiber mercerization on the absorption properties of cotton nonwovens SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE absorbency; bleaching; cotton; mercerization; nonwovens; water retention AB Greige cotton fibers were mercerized, and the effectiveness of mercerization was evaluated by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dyeing, and a range of absorbency tests. Carded batts of mercerized, bleached cotton fibers, and unmercerized, bleached cotton fibers (control) were needlepunched and subsequently studied for absorbency characteristics. The rate of absorption and the total fluid holding capacity were determined by the Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System (GATS). Capacity was measured by the basket test, and the water retention value (WRV) was determined using ASTM D 2402-90. The results of the absorbency tests suggest that mercerization has an excellent effect on WRV, but marginal or no benefits on the total absorption capacities of nonwovens. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD APR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 109BI UT WOS:000242282500004 ER PT J AU Scheibe, JS Smith, WP Bassham, J Magness, D AF Scheibe, JS Smith, WP Bassham, J Magness, D TI Locomotor performance and cost of transport in the northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Glaucomys sabrinus; cost of transport; gliding ID PETAURUS-BREVICEPS-PAPUANUS; GLIDING FLIGHT; LIFE-HISTORY; PTEROMYS-VOLANS; MAMMALS; FOREST; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB We assess locomotor performance by northern flying squirrels Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw, 1801 and test the hypothesis that gliding locomotion is energetically cheaper than quadrupedal locomotion. We measured 168 glides by 82 northern flying squirrels in Alaska. Mean glide distances varied from 12.46 m to 14.39 m, with a maximum observed glide distance of 65 m. Mean glide angles varied from 41.31 degrees to 36.31 degrees, and mean air speed ranged from 6.26 m/s to 8.11 m/s. There were no differences in the performance of male and female flying squirrels. We used models of transport cost to provide an initial assessment of the hypothesis that gliding locomotion is energetically less expensive than quadrupedal locomotion. For glides of average length, cost of gliding was less than cost of quadrupedal locomotion except when the animals climbed to the launch point very slowly or ran quickly. Thus the hypothesis that gliding is less expensive than quadrupedal locomotion is supported. C1 SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Scheibe, JS (reprint author), SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. EM jscheibe@semo.edu NR 44 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0001-7051 EI 2190-3743 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1007/BF03192668 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 035LM UT WOS:000237002500006 ER PT J AU Sayers, SP Guralnik, JM Newman, AB Brach, JS Fielding, RA AF Sayers, SP Guralnik, JM Newman, AB Brach, JS Fielding, RA TI Concordance and discordance between two measures of lower extremity function: 400 meter self-paced walk and SPPB SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aging; contraction velocity; functional ability; mobility; muscle power ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; OLDER MEN; WOMEN; POWER; LIFE; DISABILITY; VELOCITY AB Background and aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the concurrent validity of the 400 meter self-paced walk test (400-m W) against the commonly used short physical performance battery (SPPB). A secondary purpose was to determine whether the 400-m W could better discriminate physical performance among high functioning older adults by examining the distribution of 400-m W scores. Methods: 101 men and women (80.8 +/- 0.4 years) were recruited to participate in the study. The 400-m W and SPPB assessed lower extremity function. Lower extremity muscle strength, power, and contraction velocity was assessed using bilateral leg press (LP). Health history was obtained with questionnaire. Results: 400-m W demonstrated moderate correlations with SPPB (Pearson r = 0.74; p < 0.001). In 36 ;high functioning individuals (SPPB score = 10, 11, 12), participants above the median 400-m W performance time (n = 20) had more medical conditions (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs 1.7 +/- 0.3; p = 0.038), more reported falls (0.80 +/- 0.2 vs 0.19 +/- 0.1; p = 0.016), more medications (3.7 +/- 0.4 vs 1.8 +/- 0.4; p = 0.001), had lower LP power at 70% of the one repetition maximum (1RM) (336 +/- 45 W vs 663 +/- 78 W; p = 0.001) and 40% 1RM (329 +/- 43 W vs 580 +/- 75 W; p = 0.005), and had slower LP contraction velocity at 40% 1RM (77 +/- 5.5 m/s vs 112 +/- 8.4 m/s; p=0.001) compared with those below the median (n = 16). Conclusions: A substantial number of apparently well functioning older adults demonstrated some limitations in the ability to walk 400 meters. Use of the 400-m W may be justified to obtain information to better discriminate among high functioning elderly. C1 Boston Univ, Human Physiol Lab, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA USA. NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Geriatr Med, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Geriatr Med, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Tufts Univ, Sarcopenia Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sayers, SP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Hlth Profess, Dept Phys Therapy, 114 Lewis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sayerss@missouri.edu RI Newman, Anne B./C-6408-2013 OI Newman, Anne B./0000-0002-0106-1150 FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG-18844]; PHS HHS [263-MA-202876, P50-A11669, H133P99004] NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 1594-0667 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 047SC UT WOS:000237898000003 PM 16702778 ER PT J AU Pritchard, SG Prior, SA Rogers, HH Davis, MA Runion, GB Popham, TW AF Pritchard, SG Prior, SA Rogers, HH Davis, MA Runion, GB Popham, TW TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on root dynamics and productivity of sorghum grown under conventional and conservation agricultural management practices SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; agricultural management; tillage; root production; root dynamics; sorghum ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; WINTER-WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL CARBON; PLANT-RESPONSES; GLOBAL CHANGE; COTTON ROOT; ENRICHMENT; TILLAGE; RHIZOSPHERE AB Although it is widely acknowledged that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations will increase crop root growth, no study has considered how this response could be influenced by agricultural management practices. Therefore, we examined the influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient + 360 mu mol mol(-1)) on root dynamics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) produced under conventional (tillage following winter fallow) and conservation (no-till following clover (Trifolium repens) winter cover crop) agricultural management practices. Crops were grown in an outdoor soil bin facility and CO2 treatments were administered using open-top field chambers (OTC). Root dynamics were analyzed using minirhizotrons. In conventional tillage plots, CO2-enrichment increased sorghum seasonal root production and mortality by 58 and 59%, respectively. Root growth, however, was unaffected by [CO2] in conservation plots. Growth in CO2-enriched atmospheres increased residue production by 15 and 11% in conventional and conservation plots, respectively. Grain production was 6% greater in the conservation than conventional plots but was unaffected by atmospheric CO2. Neither carbon dioxide nor management practices had any impact on the proportion of roots that died by physiological maturity (i.e., root turnover). The fraction of roots that had died by physiological maturity decreased in a linear fashion from shallow to greater soil depths. Although management did not affect cumulative seasonal root production or mortality it did influence vertical root distribution; conservation management favored shallow root systems whereas conventional management favored deeper rooting. Data emphasize the importance of quantifying production and mortality as separate processes. This study suggests that conversion from conventional to conservation management practices might diminish stimulation of rooting by rising atmospheric CO2, at least in the C-4 crop sorghum. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Ctr Sci, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USDA, ARS, So Plains Area, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Pritchard, SG (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Ctr Sci, 58 Coming St, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM pritchards@cofc.edu NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.09.010 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018LF UT WOS:000235765100016 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Chatterton, NJ Neel, JPS AF Belesky, DP Chatterton, NJ Neel, JPS TI Dactylis glomerata growing along a light gradient in the central appalachian region of the eastern USA: III. Nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crude protein; degree of polymerization; fructans; orchardgrass; silvopasture; total digestible nutrients ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; TALL FESCUE; GROWTH; CARBON; ORCHARDGRASS; DEFOLIATION; REGROWTH; RESERVES; FRUCTAN; GRASSES AB Microsite conditions influence plant development and resource allocation of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass), a traditional pasture species with potential as an understory crop in woodlots. A. field experiment was conducted to determine how open (O), shaded woodland ( W) and open-to-shaded woodland transition zone ( E-O, E-W) microsites influenced the quantity and distribution of nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and crude protein (CP) among plant parts of defoliated orchardgrass. Plants established in spring (SP) or late summer (LS) were clipped each time mean sward height reached 20 cm. Microsite conditions influenced nutritive value of herbage. Nutritive value was acceptable when not more than 45-50% light attenuation ( as a function of shading by nearby trees) occurred relative to open pasture. Twice as much TNC accumulated in stembases of LS compared to SP plants. Concentrations of TNC were least in plants growing at W, regardless of planting time. Stembase TNC depletion occurred in SP plants, regardless of microsite, and LS plants growing at W. CP concentrations were greater in herbage from W compared to O sites, suggesting the N needs of the plant were met with minimal fertilizer N inputs. The ratio of C: N and thus herbage energy expressed as total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative to CP declined as shade increased. Increased protein content is offset by lower fiber, lower nonstructural carbohydrate and the possibility of reduced preference by grazers. Nutritive value is improved by modest amounts of shade relative to plants growing in full sunlight, and allowing cool temperate origin grasses to vernalize is beneficial in terms of productivity, nutritive value, and persistence.Microsite conditions influence plant development and resource allocation of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass), a traditional pasture species with potential as an understory crop in woodlots. A field experiment was conducted to determine how open (O), shaded woodland (W) and open-to-shaded woodland transition zone (E-O, E-W) microsites influenced the quantity and distribution of nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and crude protein (CP) among plant parts of defoliated orchardgrass. Plants established in spring (SP) or late summer (LS) were clipped each time mean sward height reached 20 cm. Microsite conditions influenced nutritive value of herbage. Nutritive value was acceptable when not more than 45-50% light attenuation (as a function of shading by nearby trees) occurred relative to open pasture. Twice as much TNC accumulated in stembases of LS compared to SP plants. Concentrations of TNC were least in plants growing at W, regardless of planting time. Stembase TNC depletion occurred in SP plants, regardless of microsite, and LS plants growing at W. CP concentrations were greater in herbage from W compared to O sites, suggesting the N needs of the plant were met with minimal fertilizer N inputs. The ratio of C:N and thus herbage energy expressed as total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative to CP declined as shade increased. Increased protein content is offset by lower fiber, lower nonstructural carbohydrate and the possibility of reduced preference by grazers. Nutritive value is improved by modest amounts of shade relative to plants growing in full sunlight, and allowing cool temperate origin grasses to vernalize is beneficial in terms of productivity, nutritive value, and persistence. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s10457-005-1112-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 017TF UT WOS:000235715500004 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Ares, A Reid, W Thomas, A Slusher, JP AF Brauer, D Ares, A Reid, W Thomas, A Slusher, JP TI Nut-yield variations and yield-diameter relationships in open-canopy black walnut trees in southern USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Juglans nigra; nut bearing patterns; tree growth; tree stand ID MODEL; AGROFORESTRY AB Many landowners in the United States have little knowledge of the potential economic returns from agroforestry practices. Economic simulators for temperate agroforestry practices have been generated; yet, there are few data sets on yields of timber and other products to validate and refine such models. The objectives of this study were to characterize variations in nut yields among open canopy eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees and apply this information to the development of predictive equations between tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and nut yields. Three data sets were analyzed that included results from Tennessee; Chetopa, Kansas; and Mt Vernon, Missouri. Tree-to-tree variation in nut yields was high within each data set, with coefficients of variation for nut yields typically exceeding 50%. Averaging nut yields over several consecutive years reduced coefficients of variation. Nearly half of the high nut producing trees exhibited an alternate, biennial nut bearing pattern. Trees with low average nut yields had either sporadic or irregular patterns of nut bearing. The regression coefficients for equations relating stem diameter and nut yields varied considerably. Averaging nut yields over consecutive years, and averaging stem diameter and nut yields over a number of trees increased regression coefficients of such equations. These results indicate that predicting nut yields of a tree stand over a several year-period will be easier than predicting yields for a specific tree in a specific year. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Kansas State Univ, Chetopa, KS 67336 USA. Univ Missouri, SW Ctr, Vernon, MO 65712 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dbrauer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s10457-005-1705-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 017TF UT WOS:000235715500005 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Collins, AM Wilbanks, R Feldlaufer, M AF Pettis, Jeff S. Collins, Anita M. Wilbanks, Reg Feldlaufer, Mark TI Survival and function of queens reared in beeswax containing coumaphos SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Wilbanks Apiaries, Claxton, GA 30417 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 146 IS 4 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 090SI UT WOS:000240971200018 ER PT J AU Gabriel, HE Crott, JW Ghandour, H Dallal, GE Choi, SW Keyes, MK Jang, HR Liu, ZH Nadeau, M Johnston, AV Mager, D Mason, JB AF Gabriel, HE Crott, JW Ghandour, H Dallal, GE Choi, SW Keyes, MK Jang, HR Liu, ZH Nadeau, M Johnston, AV Mager, D Mason, JB TI Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with diminished folate status, altered folate form distribution, and increased genetic damage in the buccal mucosa of healthy adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate; smoking; micronuclei; buccal mucosal cell ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; BREAST-CANCER RISK; ORAL-CANCER; PHARYNGEAL CANCER; ALCOHOL INTAKE; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METHIONINE-SYNTHASE; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE AB Background: Smoking causes genetic damage in buccal cells and increases the risk of oral cancer. Because folate is instrumental in DNA synthesis and repair, it is a determinant of genetic stability and therefore might attenuate the genotoxic effects of smoking. Objective: Our aim was to compare the presence of folate metabolites and select indicators of genetic damage in the mouths of chronic smokers and nonsmokers. Design: Dietary, biochemical, and molecular correlates of folate status were measured in healthy smoker (n = 35) and nonsmoker (it = 21) groups of comparable age, sex, and body mass indexes. Results: After correction for dietary intake, the smokers displayed lower plasma, erythrocyte, and buccal mucosal cell (BMC) folate (20%7 32%, and 50% lower, respectively; P < 0.05) and lower plasma vitamin B-12 and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (P < 0.05) than did nonsmokers. Folate in the BMCs of smokers comprised significantly greater proportions of pteroylmonoglutamate, formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5, 10-methenyltetrahyrofolate than did folate in the BMCs of nonsmokers. Although the degree of genomic methylation and uracil incorporation in the buccal cells of the 2 groups were not significantly different, the BMC micronucleus index, a cytologic indicator of genetic damage, in the smokers was 2-fold that of the nonsmokers (9.57 compared with 4.44 micronuclei/1000 cells; P < 0.0001). Neither systemic nor oral folate status was an independent predictor of micronuclei. Conclusions: Chronic smoking is associated with a lower systemic status of several B vitamins, reduced oral folate, and changes in folate form distribution in the mouth. However, the cytologic damage that is evident in the mouths of smokers does not correlate with oral folate status. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Dent, Forsythe Dent Res Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA 199948-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK 007651-16] NR 55 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 835 EP 841 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 033AA UT WOS:000236817100017 PM 16600936 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Jacob, RA Kruzich, LA Douglas, SD Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Jacob, RA Kruzich, LA Douglas, SD Wilson, CM TI Vitamins C and E in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; alpha-tocopherol; gamma-tocopherol; ascorbate; oxidative damage ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIGH-RISK; ANTIOXIDANT-MICRONUTRIENTS; URINARY-EXCRETION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: Oxidative stress during HIV infection may impair immune function, cause more rapid disease progression, and increase requirements for dietary antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. Objectives: The study had 2 principal objectives. The first was to ascertain whether HIV infection and immune activation were associated with lower plasma concentrations of ascorbate, urate, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and with total antioxidant status (TAS). The second objective was to ascertain whether these antioxidants were associated with protection against oxidative damage. Design: This was a cross-sectional study involving 241 HIV-positive and 115 HIV-negative subjects aged 14-23 y. Subjects were primarily female (76%) and African American (70%), and 21% were Hispanic. Results: Plasma ascorbate was significantly lower, but gamma-tocopherol and TAS were significantly higher in subjects with HIV infection when the analysis was adjusted for dietary intake and sex. Plasma a-tocopherol did not differ significantly by HIV status. Plasma gamma-tocopherol also was higher in subjects with oxidative damage than in those without such damage. More than 90% of subjects had adequate plasma concentrations for both ascorbate and a-tocopherol, although a-tocopherol concentrations were lower than expected oil the basis of third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Conclusions: Low plasma ascorbate concentrations in HIV-positive subjects suggest that vitamin C requirements are significantly higher in those with HIV infection. Plasma tocopherol concentrations were not depressed by HIV infection and may be maintained by compensatory mechanisms such as the activity of a-tocopherol transfer protein. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Allergy & Immunol, Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 3243 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD 32830]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD 00222-01] NR 42 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 870 EP 879 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 033AA UT WOS:000236817100022 PM 16600941 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Hubbard, LD Armstrong, J Rogers, G Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Taylor, A AF Chiu, CJ Hubbard, LD Armstrong, J Rogers, G Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Taylor, A TI Dietary glycemic index and carbohydrate in relation to early age-related macular degeneration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE age-related macular degeneration; retina; maculopathy; nutrition; vision; carbohydrate; glycemic index; glycation; aging; epidemiology; risk factor; food-frequency questionnaire; drusen; pigment abnormalities ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; ADVANCED GLYCATION; LENS OPACITIES; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-E AB Background: Several dietary factors have been linked to agerelated maculopathy (ARM), the early form of age-related macular degeneration, and there is reason to think that dietary carbohydrate may play a role in the development of ARM. O bjective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between dietary carbohydrate quality, as measured by dietary glycemic index (GI) or total carbohydrate intake, and ARM. Design: From the Nurses' Health Study, 1036 eyes from 526 Boston-area participants without a previous ARM diagnosis were included in the present study. The presence and degree of ARM were classified by the Age-Related Eye Diseases Study system. Longterm dietary information was based on data from an average of 4 food-frequency questionnaires collected over a 10-y period before the assessment of ARM. With eyes as the unit of analysis, we used a generalized estimating approach to logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios for ARM in a manner that accounted for the lack of independence between the 2 eyes from the same subject. Results: After multivariate adjustment, dietary GI was related to ARM (specifically to retinal pigmentary abnormalities), whereas total carbohydrate intake was not. The odds ratio for ARM being in the highest tertile of dietary GI (>= 77.0) versus the lowest (< 74.6) was 2.7](95%CI: 1.24, 5.93; P for trend= 0.01). Neither dietary GI nor total carbohydrate intake was related to drusen. Conclusion: Our results suggest that dietary GI may be an independent risk factor for ARM. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthal Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 40356]; NEI NIH HHS [EY 09611, EY 014183-01A2, EY R01 13250] NR 46 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 880 EP 886 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 033AA UT WOS:000236817100023 PM 16600942 ER PT J AU Cho, E Zeisel, SH Jacques, P Selhub, J Dougherty, L Colditz, GA Willett, WC AF Cho, E Zeisel, SH Jacques, P Selhub, J Dougherty, L Colditz, GA Willett, WC TI Dietary choline and betaine assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE choline; betaine; phosphocholine; glycerophosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine; lecithin; sphingomyelin; homocysteine; methylation; Framingham Offspring Study ID COLORECTAL-CANCER RISK; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; HORDALAND-HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLIC-ACID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; DNA METHYLATION; CERVICAL-CANCER; HUMAN-NUTRITION AB Background: Epidemiologic studies of choline and betaine intakes have been sparse because a food-composition database was not available until recently. The physiologic relevance of a variation in dietary choline and betaine in the general population and the validity of intake assessed by food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) have not been evaluated. Objective: This study was conducted to examine the physiologic relevance and validity of choline and betaine intakes measured by all FFQ. Design: We examined the relations between choline and betaine intakes measured by FFQ and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in 1960 participants from the Framingham Offspring Study. Results: Higher intakes of dietary choline and betaine were related to lower tHcy concentrations independent of other determinants, including folate and other B vitamins. For the lowest and highest quintiles of dietary choline plus betaine, the multivariate geometric means for tHcy were 10.9 and 9.9 mu mol/L (P for trend < 0.0001). The inverse association was manifested primarily in participants with low folate intakes (P for interaction < 0.0001). Among participants with folate intakes <= 250 mu g/d, the geometric mean tHcy concentrations in the lowest and highest quintiles of choline plus betaine intakes were 12.4 and 10.2 mu mol/L (P for trend < 0.0001). Except for choline from phosphatidylcholine, individual forms of choline were inversely associated with tHcy concentrations. Conclusions: Our findings provide support for a physiologically important variation in choline and betaine intakes in the general population a-nd for the validity of intake measured by FFQ. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Cho, E (reprint author), Channing Labs, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM eunyoung.cho@channing.harvard.edu RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 108341, R03 CA108341]; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01HC25195, N01 HC 25195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK056350-08, P30 DK056350, P30 DK040561-11, R01 DK055865-06A1, P30 DK040561, R01 DK055865, DK 55865, DK 56350] NR 64 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 4 BP 905 EP 911 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 033AA UT WOS:000236817100026 PM 16600945 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Bartlett, K Gordon, T Jacobs, RR Larsson, BM Larsson, L Lewis, DM Liesivuori, J Michel, O Milton, DK Rylander, R Thorne, PS White, EM Brown, ME Gunn, VS Wurtz, H AF Chun, DTW Bartlett, K Gordon, T Jacobs, RR Larsson, BM Larsson, L Lewis, DM Liesivuori, J Michel, O Milton, DK Rylander, R Thorne, PS White, EM Brown, ME Gunn, VS Wurtz, H TI History and results of the two inter-laboratory round robin endotoxin assay studies on cotton dust SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Future of Rural Peoples - Rural Economy, Healthy People, Environment, Rural Communities CY OCT 19, 2004 CL Saskatoon, CANADA DE endotoxin assay; limulus amoebocyte lysate test (LAL); lipopolysaccharides (LPS); intra-laboratory endotoxin assay study; inter-laboratory endotoxin assay study; round robin endotoxin assay study; cotton dust AB Background In the US cotton industry, airborne cotton dust levels are regulated, and other countries are moving to specify safety limits for airborne endotoxins. There is concern about potential respiratory health hazards associated with agricultural and otherorganic dusts. In laboratories, ranking which samples have high and low levels of endotoxin is usually in good agreement between laboratories. When different laboratories assay identical samples, the levels differ The objective of this research was to evaluate the intra- and inter-laboratory variability for 13 laboratories measuring endotoxin in cotton dust. Method Two inter-laboratory round robin endotoxin assay studies were conducted using cotton dust. In the first round robin, each laboratory used their normal in-house assay method and then used a common extraction protocol. In the second round robin, a common extraction protocol and endotoxin assay, kit was used. Results The inter-laboratory, results using a common extraction protocol showed reduced differences. Using the same extraction protocol and endotoxin assay kit, the intra-laboratory variation was small and inter-laboratory variation was reduced but not enough for inter-laboratory agreement. Most of the laboratories were able to discern between the high and low endotoxin concentration dusts. Conclusions Standardization has reduced the differences in results between laboratories and possibly further standardization may bring closer inter-laboratory agreement. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Dept Occupat Med, Program Resp Hlth & Climate, Solna, Sweden. Dept Infect Dis & Med Microbiol, Lund, Sweden. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Kuopio Reg Inst Occupat Hlth, Kuopio, Finland. Hop Univ St Pierre, Clin Allergies & Resp Dis, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Environm Med, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Milacron Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Chun, DTW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dtwchun@mindspring.com RI Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010; Liesivuori, Jyrki/O-2519-2013; OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834; michel, olivier/0000-0002-1528-1277 NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1002/ajim.20266 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033CV UT WOS:000236824900010 PM 16526062 ER PT J AU Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle protein synthesis by individual branched-chain amino acids in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE nutrition; eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; 4E-binding protein-1; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G; ribosomal protein S6 kinase ID TRANSLATION INITIATION; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; NEWBORN PIGS; S6 KINASE; LEUCINE; INSULIN; STIMULATION; ADIPOCYTES; ACTIVATION; PATHWAY AB Skeletal muscle grows at a very rapid rate in the neonatal pig, due in part to an enhanced sensitivity of protein synthesis to the postprandial rise in amino acids. An increase in leucine alone stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the neonatal pig; however, the effect of isoleucine and valine has not been investigated in this experimental model. The left ventricular wall of the heart grows faster than the right ventricular wall during the first 10 days of postnatal life in the pig. Therefore, the effects of individual BCAA on protein synthesis in individual skeletal muscles and in the left and right ventricular walls were examined. Fasted pigs were infused with 0 or 400 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1) leucine, isoleucine, or valine to raise individual BCAA to fed levels. Fractional rates of protein synthesis and indexes of translation initiation were measured after 60 min. Infusion of leucine increased ( P < 0.05) phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein-1 and increased ( P < 0.05) the amount and phosphorylation of eIF4G associated with eIF4E in longissimus dorsi and masseter muscles and in both ventricular walls. Leucine increased ( P < 0.05) the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein (rp) S6 kinase and rpS6 in longissimus dorsi and masseter but not in either ventricular wall. Leucine stimulated ( P < 0.05) protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi, masseter, and the left ventricular wall. Isoleucine and valine did not increase translation initiation factor activation or protein synthesis rates in skeletal or cardiac muscles. The results suggest that the postprandial rise in leucine, but not isoleucine or valine, acts as a nutrient signal to stimulate protein synthesis in cardiac and skeletal muscles of neonates by increasing eIF4E availability for eIF4F complex assembly. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, AR-44474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15658] NR 33 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2006 VL 290 IS 4 BP E612 EP E621 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00402.2005 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 028WW UT WOS:000236520500003 PM 16278252 ER PT J AU Funai, K Parkington, JD Carambula, S Fielding, RA AF Funai, K Parkington, JD Carambula, S Fielding, RA TI Age-associated decrease in contraction-induced activation of downstream targets of Akt/mTor signaling in skeletal muscle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sarcopenia; exercise; signaling; hypertrophy ID GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS RATE; MAMMALIAN TARGET; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; AMINO-ACIDS; RAT-LIVER; IN-VITRO; INSULIN; RAPAMYCIN AB Age-associated decrease in contraction-induced activation of downstream targets of Akt/mTor signaling in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R1080 - R1086, 2006. First published November 23, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu. 00277.2005. - In this study, we investigated the effect of age on the association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) with eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), as well as the activity of its binding protein (4E-BP1) and the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) after a single bout of rat hindlimb muscle contractile activity elicited by high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFES) of the sciatic nerve. Tibialis anterior (TA) and plantaris (Pla) muscles from adult (Y; 6 mo old) and aged (O; 30 mo old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats were collected immediately or 6 h after HFES. eIF4E-eIF4G association was elevated at 6 h of recovery in TA (1.9 +/- 0.2-fold, P < 0.05) and immediately and 6 h after exercise in Pla (2.1 +/- 0.3- and 2.1 +/- 0.7- fold, P < 0.05) in Y rats. No significant increase was observed in O rats. An increase in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was observed only 6 h after HFES in TA (5.0 +/- 2.0-fold, P < 0.05) in Y rats. Phosphorylation of GSK-3 alpha was increased immediately and 6 h after contraction in TA (1.6 +/- 0.3- and 4.1 +/- 0.8-fold, P < 0.05) and Pla (1.7 +/- 0.2-and 2.1 +/- 0.4-fold, P < 0.05) in Y rats and remained unaffected in O rats. Phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta was observed only immediately after HFES in TA (1.5 +/- 0.2-fold, P < 0.05) in Y rats. Overall, eIF4E-eIF4G association and phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and GSK-3 are increased after HFES in adult, but not in aged, animals. These observations suggest that the anabolic response to muscle stimulation is attenuated with aging and may contribute to the limited capacity of hypertrophy in aged animals. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Human Physiol Lab, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-25270] NR 55 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 290 IS 4 BP R1080 EP R1086 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00277.2005 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 021OK UT WOS:000235992300027 PM 16306159 ER PT J AU Saengkerdsub, S Kim, WK Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Saengkerdsub, S Kim, WK Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Effects of nitrocompounds and feedstuffs on in vitro methane production in chicken cecal contents and rumen fluid SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE cecum; methanogenesis; microbial ecology; nitro-inhibitor ID SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; LAYING HENS; BROILER-CHICKENS; MOLT INDUCTION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; INTESTINAL FLORA; FERMENTATION; DIET; ALFALFA AB Short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane are the products from a wide variety of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine effects of feedstuff and select nitrocompounds on VFA and methane production during in vitro incubation of laying hen cecal contents and rumen fluid from cattle and sheep. In the first experiment, one of the three nitrocompound was added to incubations containing cecal contents from laying hens supplemented with either alfalfa (AF) or layer feed (LF). Both feed material influenced VFA production and acetic acid was the primary component. Incubations with nitroethanol and 2-nitropropanol (NP) had significantly (P<0.05) higher propionate concentrations than incubations with added nitroethane (NE). The results further indicated that incubations containing LF produced significantly (P<0.05) more butyrate than incubations with added AF. Addition of NP and LF to incubations of avian cecal flora may promote Gram-positive, saccharolytic, VFA-producing bacteria, especially Clostridium spp. which is the predominant group in ceca. Similar to VFA production, both feed materials fostered methane production in the incubations although methane was lower (P<0.05) in incubations with added nitrocompound, particularly NE. In experiments 3-8, NE was examined in incubations of bovine or ovine rumen fluid or cecal contents containing either AF or LF. Unlike cecal contents, LF significantly (P<0.05) supported in vitro methane production in incubations of both rumen fluids. The results show that NE impedes methane production, especially in incubations of chicken cecal contents. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Room 101 Kleberg Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 44 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.11.006 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 025CZ UT WOS:000236244200007 PM 16701620 ER PT J AU Ben-Avraham, D Blum, S Granevitze, Z Weigend, S Cheng, H Hillel, J AF Ben-Avraham, D Blum, S Granevitze, Z Weigend, S Cheng, H Hillel, J TI W-specific microsatellite loci detected by in silico analysis map to chromosome Z of the chicken genome SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENE C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Anim Breeding, D-31535 Neustadt, Germany. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Hillel, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM hillel@agri.huji.ac.il RI Ben-Avraham, Dan/H-2971-2013 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 180 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01420.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 024ED UT WOS:000236177000015 PM 16573536 ER EF