FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Nearns, EH AF Lingafelter, Steven W. Nearns, Eugenio H. TI Five new species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) from the Dominican Republic in genera Ataxia haldeman, Atimiola bates, Drycothaea Thomson, Eburia lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, and Hormathus gahan SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Five new species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Dominican Republic are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: Ataxia hovorei, Atimiola rickstanleyi, Drycothaea indistincta, Eburia pseudostigma, and Hormathus giesberti. In addition, Hormathus Gahan 1890 is transferred from Tillomorphini Lacordaire into Ibidionini Thomson, Division V; Trinoplon Zayas 1975 is a new synonym of Hormathus; and Hormathus bicolor (Zayas 1975) is a new combination. A key to the three species of Hormathus is provided. C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[177:FNSOLB]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 194UQ UT WOS:000248369700006 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Richards, MP AF Ramsay, T. G. Richards, M. P. TI beta-adrenergic regulation of uncoupling protein expression in swine SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; beta-adrenergic agonist; muscle swine; uncoupling protein C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tramsay@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 147 IS 2 SI SI BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 172WJ UT WOS:000246834900016 PM 17383207 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, R. W. Russell, B. A. Richards, M. P. TI Responses of chickens subjected to thyroid hormone depletion-repletion SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; thyroid; metabolism ID MALIC ENZYME; GROWTH-HORMONE; BROILER-CHICKENS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNAS; PROTEIN; PLASMA; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; TRANSCRIPTION; CARBOXYLASE AB The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between. lipid metabolism and the expression of specific genes in chickens fed methimazole to produce hypothyroidism. Male, broiler chickens growing from 14 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 18% crude protein and either 0 or 1 g methimazole per kg of diet. At 28 days, these two groups were further subdivided into groups receiving 18% crude protein diets containing either 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T-3) per kg. Birds were sampled at intervals from 0 to 1.20 h. Measurements taken included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD-NADP), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activities and the expression of the genes for ME, fatty acid synthase (FAS), NADP-ICD, AAT and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase (ACC). Gene expression was estimated with real time RT-PCR assays. Expression rates were noted as C(t)'s. Dietary methimazole decreased IVL and ME at 28 days of age. T-3 and supplementation for 1 day restored both IVL and ME. Paradoxically, continuing T-3 replenishment for a longer period decreased IVL without affecting ME activity. Although methimazole decreased ME gene expression, there was only a transitory relationship between enzyme activity and gene expression when plasma T-3 was replenished with exogenous T-3. These data explain the apparent dichotomies in lipid metabolism elicited by changes in the thyroid state of animals. Most metabolic changes in response to feeding T-3 occurred within a short period of time, suggesting that changes in intermediary metabolism preceded morphological changes. Furthermore, the thyroid state of the animal will determine responses to exogenous T-3. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), Bldg 200 Rm 212,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rosebro@ANRI.BARC.USDA.GOV NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 147 IS 2 SI SI BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.003 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 172WJ UT WOS:000246834900036 PM 17369065 ER PT J AU Martel, JW Alford, AR Dickens, JC AF Martel, J. W. Alford, A. R. Dickens, J. C. TI Evaluation of a novel host plant volatile-based attracticide for management of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE semiochemicals; attracticide; colorado potato beetle; plant volatiles ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS AB LT50 and LD50 values were established for three novel attract-and-kill formulations that were directed against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in a field trial. The "attracticide" is comprised of a synthetic blend of three naturally occurring potato plant volatiles ((Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (+/-)-linalool and methyl salicylate) and a pyrethroid insecticide. Graphical and quantitative LT50 and LD50 estimates for formulations carrying 0.6%, 2%, or 6% active ingredient permethrin were determined by adult insect exposure time (0, 1, 3, or 10s) and percent active ingredient. Following exposure for 10s, the 2% and 6% formulation LT50 estimates were not significantly different despite the former representing a 66.7% reduction in active ingredient. However, only the 6% formulation produced >= 50% mortality for exposure times below 10 s. Therefore, practical considerations suggest that this formulation would be the most appropriate for commercial use. In the field study, the attracticide proved effective only against small larvae (first and second instars). The 2% and 6% attracticide formulations deployed against small larvae provided control that was not significantly different from that of the commercial insecticide while using 92% less active ingredient. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Alford, AR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM alford@maine.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 822 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.08.002 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 162LU UT WOS:000246089700004 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Mullinx, BG AF Johnson, W. C., III Mullinx, B. G., Jr. TI Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control with metham-sodium in transplanted cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE metham-sodium; methyl bromide alternatives; yellow nutsedge ID POLYETHYLENE-COVERED SEEDBEDS; FUMIGANT ALTERNATIVES; BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; ROTUNDUS; TOMATO; PEPPER; TOBACCO; MULCH; SOIL AB Irrigated field trials were conducted from 2001 to 2003 in Tifton, Georgia at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station to determine the optimum combination of pre-plant fumigation interval, metham-sodium dose, and seedbed mulching for yellow nutsedge control in transplanted cantaloupe. The trial evaluated all possible combinations of pre-plant fumigation intervals (1-wk, 2-wk, or 3-wk before transplanting), three metham-sodium doses (nontreated, 374, and 7481/ha), and seedbed mulching (bareground or black polyethylene mulched seedbeds). Metham-sodium sprayed and soil incorporated at 374 and 7481/ha effectively controlled yellow nutsedge when seedbeds were covered by black polyethylene mulch, with minimal fumigant phytotoxicity. In contrast, yellow nutsedge control from metham-sodium was reduced when seedbeds were not mulched. Cantaloupe treated either 1-wk or 2-wk before transplanting with metham-sodium at 7481/ha yielded greater than other treatment combinations. Black polyethylene mulch increased cantaloupe yield when averaged across all possible combinations of pre-plant fumigation intervals and metham-sodium doses, due primarily to improved yellow nutsedge control over bareground seedbeds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Res Agron, Res Stat, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Agron, Res Stat, Coastal Plain Exp Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM cjohnson@tifton.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 867 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.08.010 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 162LU UT WOS:000246089700010 ER PT J AU Mertens, JA Skory, CD AF Mertens, Jeffrey A. Skory, Christopher D. TI Isolation and characterization of two genes that encode active glucoamylase without a starch binding domain from Rhizopus oryzae SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE CULTURE; ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; 3 FORMS; SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; GLAB AB Glucoamylase obtained from Rhizopus sp. is frequently preferred for certain applications of starch modification or saccharification. The predominant enzyme, which contains a starch-binding domain on the amino terminus, has been previously characterized from several species. Additionally, the cDNA encoding this protein was cloned and found to show 100% identity to a R. oryzae strain 99-880 that has recently been sequenced by the Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Analysis of this genome indicates coding regions for two additional glucoamylase genes, amyC and amyD, lacking a starch-binding domain. The two genes encode proteins that are approximately 50% identical to the catalytic region of the AmyA protein and 67% identical to each other. The predicted AmyC and AmyD proteins contain the highly conserved signature sequences of Family 15 glycoside hydrolases. The two genes appear to be transcriptionally expressed in cultures grown in fermentable and gluconeogenic carbon sources. The predicted 49.7-kD AmyC and 48.8-kD AmyD proteins were expressed in several different ways using Pichia pastoris. When the sequence for putative secretion signal was left intact, glucoamylase activity was detected in the crude cell extracts, but no activity was present in the growth medium. However, replacement of this region with the yeast alpha-secretion signal resulted in secretion of active glucoamylase that was able to degrade soluble starch. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Grp Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mertens, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Jeffrey.Mertens@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 462 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0655-8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 169UR UT WOS:000246618100012 PM 17503147 ER PT J AU Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Qureshi, Nasib Blaschek, Hans Peter TI Bioproduction of butanol from biomass: from genes to bioreactors SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII NCIMB-8052; HYPERPRODUCING MUTANT BA101; DOWN-REGULATION; CORN STOVER; ACETOBUTYLICUM; ACETONE; OPTIMIZATION; INHIBITION; CONVERSION; REDUCTION AB Butanol is produced chemically using either the oxo process starting from propylene (with H-2 and CO over a rhodium catalyst) or the aldol process starting from acetalclehyde. The key problems associated with the bioproduction of butanol are the cost of substrate and butanol toxicity/inhibition of the fermenting microorganisms, resulting in a low butanol titer in the fermentation broth. Recent interest in the production of biobutanol from biomass has led to the re-examination of acetone- butanol -ethanol (ABE) fermentation, including strategies for reducing or eliminating butanol toxicity to the culture and for manipulating the culture to achieve better product specificity and yield. Advances in integrated fermentation and in situ product removal processes have resulted in a dramatic reduction of process streams, reduced butanol toxicity to the fermenting microorganisms, improved substrate utilization, and overall improved bioreactor performance. C1 Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Blaschek, HP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM blaschek@uiuc.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 28 TC 292 Z9 314 U1 15 U2 155 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.002 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185OL UT WOS:000247720200006 PM 17462877 ER PT J AU Cahoon, EB Shockey, JM Dietrich, CR Gidda, SK Mullen, RT Dyer, JM AF Cahoon, Edgar B. Shockey, Jay M. Dietrich, Charles R. Gidda, Satinder K. Mullen, Robert T. Dyer, John M. TI Engineering oilseeds for sustainable production of industrial and nutritional feedstocks: solving bottlenecks in fatty acid flux SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DEVELOPING SEEDS; SN-2 POSITION; RAPESEED OIL; FISH-OIL; EXPRESSION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Oilseeds provide a unique platform for the production of high-value fatty acids that can replace non-sustainable petroleum and oceanic sources of specialty chemicals and aquaculture feed. However, recent efforts to engineer the seeds of crop and model plant species to produce new types of fatty acids, including hydroxy and conjugated fatty acids for industrial uses and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for farmed fish feed, have met with only modest success. The collective results from these studies point to metabolic 'bottlenecks' in the engineered plant seeds that substantially limit the efficient or selective flux of unusual fatty acids between different substrate pools and ultimately into storage triacylglycerol. Evidence is emerging that diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, which catalyzes the final step in triacylglycerol assembly, is an important contributor to the synthesis of unusual fatty acid-containing oils, and is likely to be a key target for future oilseed metabolic engineering efforts. C1 USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Serv Ctr, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Cahoon, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Serv Ctr, Plant Genet Res Unit, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM ecahoon@danforthcenter.org OI Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 NR 45 TC 119 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 19 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.005 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 178CA UT WOS:000247197600004 PM 17434788 ER PT J AU Giovannoni, JJ AF Giovannoni, James J. TI Fruit ripening mutants yield insights into ripening control SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY; ETHYLENE SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; P-AMINOBENZOATE BRANCH; MADS-BOX GENE; FOLATE SYNTHESIS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; BETA-CAROTENE; RECEPTOR ETR1; GREEN-RIPE; TOMATO AB Fruit ripening is a developmental process that is exclusive to plants whereby mature seed-bearing organs undergo physiological and metabolic changes that promote seed dispersal. Molecular investigations into ripening control mechanisms have been aided by the recent cloning of tomato ripening genes that were previously known only through mutation. Advances in the genomics of tomato have provided genetic and molecular tools that have facilitated the positional and candidate-gene-based cloning of several key ripening genes. These discoveries have created new inroads into understanding of the primary ripening control mechanisms, including transcription factors such as those encoded by the RIPENING-INHIBITOR (RIM MADS-box and COLOURLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) SPB-box genes, which are necessary for the progression of virtually all ripening processes. They have also facilitated the elucidation of downstream signal transduction components that impact the hormonal and environmental stimuli that coordinate and modulate ripening phenotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd,Cornell Univ Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu NR 44 TC 206 Z9 216 U1 10 U2 93 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.008 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 178CA UT WOS:000247197600010 PM 17442612 ER PT J AU Bulygina, NS Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Nichols, MH AF Bulygina, N. S. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Nichols, M. H. TI DWEPP: a dynamic soil erosion model based on WEPP source terms SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sediment; rangeland; hillslope; runoff; infiltration; hydrology; hydrologic models; WEPP; KINEROS2; DWEPP ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CAPACITY; ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; PLOT DATA; FLOW; VARIABILITY; RUNOFF; PLANE; RILLS AB A new rangeland overland-flow erosion model was developed based on Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) sediment source and sink terms. Total sediment yield was estimated for rainfall simulation plots from the WEPP field experiments as well as for a small watershed without a well developed channel network. Both WEPP and DWEPP gave a similar level of prediction accuracy for total event soil losses measured from both rainfall simulation and small watershed experiments. Predictions for plot and hillslope scale erosion simulations were in the range of expected natural variability. Sediment yield dynamics were plotted and compared with experimental results for plots and hillslope, and the results were satisfactory. Effects of cover and canopy on the predicted sediment yields were well represented by the model. DWEPP provides a new tool for assessing erosion rates and dynamics, has physically based erosion mechanics descriptions, is sensitive to treatment differences on the experimental plots and has a well developed parameter database inherited from WEPP. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Serv, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Serv, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnearing@tucson.crs.ag.gov RI Bulygina, Nataliya/A-6743-2009 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 998 EP 1012 DI 10.1002/esp.1467 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 183YH UT WOS:000247607800003 ER PT J AU Rieke-Zapp, D Poesen, J Nearing, MA AF Rieke-Zapp, D. Poesen, J. Nearing, M. A. TI Effects of rock fragments incorporated in the soil matrix on concentrated flow hydraulics and erosion SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; rock fragments; surface armouring; headcutting; flow hydraulics ID OVERLAND-FLOW; RESISTANCE; ROUGHNESS; SURFACES; COVER; WATER AB Rock fragments can act as a controlling factor for erosional rates and patterns in the landscape. Thus, the objective of this study is to better understand the role that rock fragments incorporated into the soil matrix play in concentrated flow hydraulics and erosion. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted with soil material that was mixed with rock fragments. Rock fragment content ranged from 0 to 40 per cent by volume. Other treatments were slope (7 and 14%) and flow discharge (5(.)7 and 11(.)41 min(-1)). An increase in rock fragment content resulted in lower sediment yield, and broader width of How. Rock fragment cover at the soil surface, i.e. surface armour, increased with time in experiments with rock fragments. Flow energy was largely dissipated by rock fragment cover. For more turbulent flow conditions, when roughness elements were submerged in the flow, hydraulic roughness was similar for different rock fragment contents. In experiments with few or no rock fragments a narrow rill incised. Flow energy was dissipated by headcuts. Total sediment yield was much larger than for experiments with rock fragments in the soil. Adding just a small number of rock fragments in the soil matrix resulted in a significant reduction of sediment yield. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Phys & Reg Geog Res Grp, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rieke-Zapp, D (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Boltzerstr 1&3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM zapp@geo.unibe.ch RI Rieke-Zapp, Dirk/F-7643-2010 OI Rieke-Zapp, Dirk/0000-0002-1378-7442 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1063 EP 1076 DI 10.1002/esp.1469 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 183YH UT WOS:000247607800007 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Vose, JM AF Ford, Chelcy R. Vose, James M. TI Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. mortality will impact hydrologic processes in southern appalachian forest ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Appalachian Mountains; conductance; eastern hemlock; hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA); hydrology; sap flux; scaling; time-series; transpiration; Tsuga canadensis ( L.) Carr.; water relations; water use ID PLANT WATER-USE; RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; PINE PLANTATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES AB Eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ( L.) Carr.) is one of the principal riparian and cove canopy species in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Throughout its range, eastern hemlock is facing potential widespread mortality from the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). If HWA-induced eastern hemlock mortality alters hydrologic function, land managers will be challenged to develop management strategies that restore function or mitigate impacts. To estimate the impact that the loss of this forest species will have on the hydrologic budget, we quantified and modeled transpiration over a range of tree sizes and environmental conditions. We used heat dissipation probes, leaf-level gas-exchange measurements, allometric scaling, and time series modeling techniques to quantify whole-tree and leaf-level transpiration (E-L) of eastern hemlock. We monitored trees ranging from 9.5 to 67.5 cm in diameter along a riparian corridor in western North Carolina, USA during 2004 and 2005. Maximum rates of daily tree water use varied by diameter and height, with large trees transpiring a maximum of 178-186 kg H2O center dot tree(-1) . d(-1). Values of E-L could be predicted from current and lagged environmental variables. We forecasted eastern hemlock E-L for inventoried stands and estimated a mean annual transpiration rate of 63.3 mm/yr for the hemlock component, with 50% being transpired in the winter and spring. In typical southern Appalachian stands, eastern hemlock mortality would thus reduce annual stand-level transpiration by similar to 10% and reduce winter and spring stand-level transpiration by similar to 30%. Eastern hemlock in the southern Appalachians has two distinct ecohydrological roles: an evergreen tree that maintains year-round transpiration rates and a riparian tree that has high transpiration rates in the spring. No other native evergreen in the southern Appalachians will likely fill the ecohydrological role of eastern hemlock if widespread mortality occurs. With the loss of this species, we predict persistent increases in discharge, decreases in the diurnal amplitude of streamflow, and increases in the width of the variable source area. C1 USDA, FS SRS, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Ford, CR (reprint author), USDA, FS SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM crford@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 52 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1167 DI 10.1890/06-0027 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300017 PM 17555225 ER PT J AU Rykken, JJ Moldenke, AR Olson, DH AF Rykken, Jessica J. Moldenke, Andrew R. Olson, Deanna H. TI Headwater riparian forest-floor invertebrate communities associated with alternative forest management practices SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecotone; forest-floor invertebrate communities; forest management strategies; headwater stream; microclimate; Pacific Northwest; USA; riparian reserves ID OREGON COAST RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROUND BEETLES; MICROCLIMATIC GRADIENTS; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES; SPIDER ASSEMBLAGES; WESTERN WASHINGTON; BUFFER STRIPS; PITFALL TRAPS; SMALL MAMMALS AB Headwater streams and their riparian zones are a common, yet poorly understood, component of Pacific Northwest, USA, landscapes. We describe the ecological importance of headwater stream riparian zones as habitat for forest-floor invertebrate communities and assess how alternative management strategies for riparian zones may impact these communities. We compared community composition of forest-floor invertebrates at increasing distances along trans-riparian (stream edge to upslope) transects in mature forests, clearcuts, and riparian buffers of similar to 30-m width with upslope clearcuts. Invertebrates were collected using pitfall traps in five replicate blocks of three treatments each in the Willamette National Forest, Oregon, USA. We measured microclimate and microhabitat variables at pitfall locations. Despite strong elevation and block effects on community composition, community analyses revealed a distinct "riparian'' invertebrate community within 1 m of the stream edge in mature forest treatments, which was strongly related to cool, humid microclimate conditions. Invertebrate community composition in buffer treatments was far more similar to that of mature forests than to clearcuts; a pattern mirrored by microclimate. These results suggest that, within our study sites, forest floor invertebrate distributions are strongly associated with microclimate and that riparian buffers of similar to 30-m width do provide habitat for many riparian and forest species. Riparian reserves may serve as effective forest refugia and/or dispersal corridors for invertebrates and other taxa, and their incorporation into watershed management plans likely will contribute to meeting persistence and connectivity objectives. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rykken, JJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Entomol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jrykken@oeb.harvard.edu NR 82 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1168 EP 1183 DI 10.1890/06-0901 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300018 PM 17555226 ER PT J AU Carlson, KM Asner, GP Hughes, RF Ostertag, R Martin, RE AF Carlson, Kimberly M. Asner, Gregory P. Hughes, R. Flint Ostertag, Rebecca Martin, Roberta E. TI Hyperspectral remote sensing of canopy biodiversity in Hawaiian lowland rainforests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE AVIRIS; biological diversity; Hawai'i; imaging spectroscopy; leaf pigments ID IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; SPECIES RICHNESS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; LEAF; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; GRADIENTS AB Mapping biological diversity is a high priority for conservation research, management and policy development, but few studies have provided diversity data at high spatial resolution from remote sensing. We used airborne imaging spectroscopy to map woody vascular plant species richness in lowland tropical forest ecosystems in Hawai'i. Hyperspectral signatures spanning the 400-2,500 nm wavelength range acquired by the NASA Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) were analyzed at 17 forest sites with species richness values ranging from 1 to 17 species per 0.1-0.3 ha. Spatial variation (range) in the shape of the AVIRIS spectra (derivative reflectance) in wavelength regions associated with upper-canopy pigments, water, and nitrogen content were well correlated with species richness across field sites. An analysis of leaf chlorophyll, water, and nitrogen content within and across species suggested that increasing spectral diversity was linked to increasing species richness by way of increasing biochemical diversity. A linear regression analysis showed that species richness was predicted by a combination of four biochemically-distinct wavelength observations centered at 530, 720, 1,201, and 1,523 nm (r(2) = 0.85, p < 0.01). This relationship was used to map species richness at approximately 0.1 ha resolution in lowland forest reserves throughout the study region. Future remote sensing studies of biodiversity will benefit from explicitly connecting chemical and physical properties of the organisms to remotely sensed data. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Carlson, Kimberly/0000-0003-2162-1378 NR 38 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 536 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9041-z PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 212UN UT WOS:000249622400003 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Thannhauser, TW Li, L Zhang, S AF Yang, Yong Thannhauser, Theodore W. Li, Li Zhang, Sheng TI Development of an integrated approach for evaluation of 2-D gel image analysis: Impact of multiple proteins in single spots on comparative proteomics in conventional 2-D gel/MALDI workflow SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE comparative proteomics analysis; 2-DE; LC-ESI-MS/MS; MALDI-TOF/TOF; protein abundance index ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; COMPARATIVE MAP; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; PEPTIDES AB With 2-D gel mapping, it is often observed that essentially identical proteins migrate to different positions in the gel, while some seemingly well-resolved protein spots consist of multiple proteins. These observations can undermine the validity of gel-based comparative proteomic studies. Through a comparison of protein identifications using direct MALDI-TOF/ TOF and LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of 2-D gel separated proteins from cauliflower florets, we have developed an integrated approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of comparative 2-D electrophoresis. From 46 spots of interest, we identified 51 proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and 108 proteins by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The results indicate that 75% of the analyzed spots contained multiple proteins. A comparison of hit rank for protein identifications showed that 37 out of43 spots identified by MALDI matched the top-ranked hit from the ESI-MS/MS. By using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) to determine the abundance of the individual component proteins for the spots containing multiple proteins, we found that the top-hit proteins from 40 out of43 spots identified by MALDI matched the most abundant proteins determined by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, our 2-D-GeLC-MS/MS results show that the top-hit proteins in 44 identified spots contributed on average 81% of the spots' staining intensity. This is the first quantitative measurement of the average rate of false assignment for direct MALDI analysis of 2-D gel spots using a new integrated workflow (2-D gel imaging, "2-D GeLC-MS/MS", and emPAI analysis). Here, the new approach is proposed as an alternative to traditional gel-based quantitative proteomics studies. C1 Cornell Univ, Proteom & Mass Spectrometry Core Fac, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Proteom & Mass Spectrometry Core Fac, 135 Biotechnol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sz14@cornell.edu NR 42 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2080 EP 2094 DI 10.1002/elps.200600524 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 188RC UT WOS:000247936000028 PM 17486657 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Wright, SE AF Leskey, Tracy C. Wright, Starker E. TI Host preference of the plum curculio SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Conotrachelus nenuphar; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; weevil; mark-release-recapture; screen trap; apple ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; DWARF APPLE-TREES; BAITED TRAP TREES; UNITED-STATES; HERBST COLEOPTERA; SPRING MIGRATION; CENTRAL GEORGIA; ODOR; ORCHARDS; BEHAVIOR AB We assessed host preference of adult plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), based on the total number of mark-released and wild adults recovered and the total distance moved by mark-released adults in an orchard whose layout was designed to specifically allow foraging plum curculios to choose among host tree species. Host trees included apple, Malus domestica Borkh.; pear, Pyrus communis (L.); peach, Prunuspersica (L.) Batsch; apricot, Prunus armeniaca L.; tart cherry, Prunus cerasus L.; sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.); European plum, Prunus domestica L.; and Japanese plum, Prunus salicina Lindl. (all Rosaceae). We released 2900 marked adults and recovered 17.7%. We used screen traps to provide a measure of the number of adults that arrived at and climbed up particular host trees and found that significantly greater numbers of marked adults and the greatest number of wild adults were recovered from screen traps attached to Japanese plum. We sampled host tree canopies by tapping limbs to provide a measure of the number of adults within a tree canopy at a particular moment. Again, significantly greater numbers of marked and wild adults were recovered from plum species, with no difference between Japanese and European plum cultivars for marked individuals, but with significantly greater numbers of wild individuals recovered from Japanese plum. The preference index (PI) for Japanese plum based on total distances moved by all marked adults recovered on Japanese plum divided by the total distance moved by marked adults recovered on other host trees indicated that Japanese plum was the most highly preferred host, followed by European plum, peach, sweet cherry, tart cherry, apricot, apple, and pear, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.uda.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 123 IS 3 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00545.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 179TU UT WOS:000247313800002 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Peleg, K AF Anderson, Gerald L. Peleg, Kalman TI Quantification and reduction of erroneous differences between images in remote sensing SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE cross-noise; hyperspectral imaging; Pixel Block Transform; repeatability errors; Spectral Averaging Transform; wavelet transform ID LANDSAT TM; CALIBRATION; SYSTEMS AB The reliability of image data, along with the difficulty of accurately comparing images acquired at different times or from different sensors, is a generic problem in remote sensing. Measurement repeatability errors occur frequently and can substantially reduce the system's ability to reliably quantify real spectral and spatial change in a target. This paper outlines methodologies for quantifying and reducing erroneous differences between monochrome and multispectral or hyperspectral images. [Each of these image types is acquired by an instrument that collects light photons across a variable range of the electromagnetic spectrum (often referred to as an image band). The hyperspectral image is often referred to as a hyperspectral cube with XY spatial dimensions and many Z bands (spectral demotions)]. In this paper, we specifically discuss the Pixel Block Transform (PBT), the Spectral Averaging Transform (SAT), and the Wavelet Transform (WAVEL). We briefly address sensor fusion. Results indicate that the PBT is a powerful cross-noise and repeatability error reducing tool, applicable to monochrome, multispectral, and hyperspectral images. The SAT is as powerful as the PBT in reducing error but is suitable only for hyperspectral imagery. WAVEL can reduce some of the finer scale noise, but it is not as powerful in reducing cross-noise as PBT or SAT and it requires some trial and error for selecting the appropriate wavelet function. It is important that those involved in developing statistically sound relationships between remotely sensed imagery and other data sources understand the problems and their solutions to prevent wasting time or developing relationships that are statistically insignificant or unstable, or that lead to faulty conclusions. C1 USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Anderson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM GLAnderson1225@cableone.net; kalmanp@tx.technion.ac.il NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s10651-007-0013-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 178SV UT WOS:000247241300002 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL Fuscoe, JC AF Dearfield, Kerry L. Fuscoe, James C. TI Impact of Genomic Technologies on Regulatory Policies - Presentations at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental Mutagen Society SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Syst Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Dearfield, KL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM kerry.dearfield@fsis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 347 EP 348 DI 10.1002/em.20311 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 182ED UT WOS:000247487000002 ER PT J AU Withee, J Dearfield, KL AF Withee, James Dearfield, Kerry L. TI Genomics-based food-borne pathogen testing and diagnostics: Possibilities for the US Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE USDA; food-borne pathogens; genomics ID CHILDREN; ASSAY; DNA AB The use of genomic technologies at the U.S. Department of Agriculture could enhance inspection, monitoring, and risk assessment capabilities within its Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Molecular assays capable of detecting hundreds of microbial DNA sequences within a single food sample that identify food-borne pathogens of concern and characterize their traits most relevant to human health risk are of great interest for FSIS. For example, a high-density assay, or combination of assays, could screen FSIS inspected food for pathogens relevant to public health (e.g., Salmonella, Listeria, and toxic E. coli) as well as their associated virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. Because most genotype assays can be completed in one working day with a minimum of reagents, use of such assays could potentially save FSIS a significant amount of cost/time for analyses. Further, a genotype assay can detect specific microbial traits relevant to human health risk based on the DNA sequence of toxin producing genes, antibiotic resistance alleles, and more. By combining rapid analysis with specific data on human health risks, information from such high-density genotype assays could provide expanded support for test and hold situations, recalls, outbreak management, and microbial risk assessments (e.g., provide data needed for food-borne illness source attribution). C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dearfield, KL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, 1400 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM kerry.dearfield@fsis.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1002/em.20303 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 182ED UT WOS:000247487000006 PM 17567844 ER PT J AU Bean, DW Wang, T Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW AF Bean, Daniel W. Wang, Tammy Bartelt, Robert J. Zilkowski, Bruce W. TI Diapause in the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diorhabda elongata; diapause physiology; dispersal behavior; tamarisk biocontrol; pheromone ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE; MORPHOLOGY; INDUCTION AB The tamarisk leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata Brulle deserticola Chen, was collected in northwestern China and has been released in the western United States to control tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). Characteristics of diapause and reproductive development in D. elongata were examined to improve management as a biocontrol agent. Under long days, 16:8 (L:D) h, males began to emit aggregation pheromone within 2-3 d of adult emergence, mating occurred, and females oviposited within 7 d of adult emergence. Under short days, 12:12 (L:D) h, males did not emit pheromone, mating did not occur, and both males and females entered reproductive diapause marked by inconspicuous gonads and hypertrophied fat body. Ovaries of diapausing females lacked vitellogenic oocytes, and the ovarioles were clear and narrow, whereas reproductive females had enlarged ovaries with two to three yellow oocytes per ovariole. Diapausing males had thin, transparent accessory glands and ejaculatory ducts, whereas reproductive males had thick white accessory glands and white opaque ejaculatory ducts. Sensitivity to diapause-inducing photoperiods extended into the adult stage. Reproductive females ceased oviposition, resorbed oocytes, and entered diapause when switched from long to short days. Diapause-destined insects ceased feeding and entered the leaf litter 10-20 d after adult emergence, whereas reproductive insects remained on the plants and fed for at least 30 d. Reproductive insects exhibited dispersal behaviors, such as attempted flights, whereas diapause-destined insects did not show dispersal behaviors. Information gained from these studies will be used to better manage populations in the field and to improve rearing and storage in the laboratory. C1 Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade Insectary, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bean, DW (reprint author), Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade Insectary, 750 37-8 Rd, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. EM dan.bean@ag.state.co.us NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[531:DITLBD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174BV UT WOS:000246917100006 PM 17540061 ER PT J AU Center, TD Pratt, PD Tipping, PW Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Wineriter, SA Dray, FA AF Center, Ted D. Pratt, Paul D. Tipping, Philip W. Rayamajhi, Min B. Van, Thai K. Wineriter, Susan A. Dray, F. Allen, Jr. TI Initial impacts and field validation of host range for Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore (Hemiptera : Psyllidae), a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake (Myrtales : Myrtaceae : Leptospermoideae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; plant damage; Florida Everglades; classical biological control; nontarget effects ID LOOSESTRIFE LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; SOUTH FLORIDA; BIOCONTROL AGENT; NEW-ZEALAND; HERBIVORY; EUCALYPTUS; ECOPHYSIOLOGY; HOMOPTERA; SEEDLINGS; INSECTS AB Invasion of south Florida wetlands by the Australian paperbark tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (melaleuca), has caused adverse economic and environmental impacts. The tree's biological attributes and favorable ambient biophysical conditions combine to complicate efforts to restore and maintain south Florida ecosystems. Management requires an integrated strategy that deploys multiple biological control agents to forestall reinvasion and to supplement other control methods, thereby lessening recruitment and regeneration after removal of existing trees. This biological control program began during 1997 when an Australian weevil, Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe), was released. A second Australian insect, the melaleuca psyllid (Boreioglycaspis inelaleucae Moore), first introduced during 2002, has also widely established. After inoculation of the psyllid in a field study, only 40% of seedlings survived herbivory treatments compared with 95% survival in controls. The resultant defoliation also reduced growth of the surviving seedlings. A weevil-induced decline at a site comprised mainly of coppicing stumps had slowed after a 70% reduction. Psyllids colonized the site, and 37% of the remaining coppices succumbed within 10 mo. The realized ecological host range of B. inelaleucae was restricted to M. quinquenervia; 18 other nontarget plant species predicted to be suboptimal or nonhosts during laboratory host range testing were unaffected when interspersed with psyllid-infested melaleuca trees in a common garden study. Evaluations are ongoing, but B. melaleucae is clearly reducing seedling recruitment and stump regrowth without adversely impacting other plant species. Manifestation of impacts on mature trees will require more time, but initial indications suggest that the psyllid will be an effective supplement to the weevil. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Center, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM tcenter@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[569:IIAFVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174BV UT WOS:000246917100011 PM 17540066 ER PT J AU Kunkel, BA Cottrell, TE AF Kunkel, Brian A. Cottrell, Ted E. TI Oviposition response of green lacewings (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) to aphids (Hemiptera : Aphididae) and potential attractants on pecan SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; aphids; lacewings; caryophyllene; tryptophan ID MONELLIA-CARYELLA HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; TRYPTOPHAN; PREDATORS; ORCHARDS; CONSUMPTION; RUFILABRIS; FOLIAGE AB Pecan foliage is attacked by three species of aphids [Monellia caryella (Fitch), Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis), and Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell], resulting in damage that can reduce tree nut yield. In this study, we assayed the ovipositional response of the green lacewing Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) to M. earyella and M. caryaefoliae at high and low aphid densities and the development of C. rufilabris larvae when fed solely on each of the three pecan aphid species. During 2004 and 2005, combinations of attractants and food sprays were applied to pecan trees in an orchard to monitor green lacewing ovipositional response. We found that C. rufilabris laid more eggs on seedling trees infested with the M. caryella (at both high and low densities) than on seedlings infested with M. caryaefoliae. Development of C. rufilabris was unaffected by aphid species. At least one attractant/food spray treatment applied to trees in an orchard significantly increased green lacewing oviposition for three of the five treatment dates over both years. These results show that larvae of C. rufilabris will consume all aphid species attacking pecan, even though female ovipositional response can differ for aphid species. It is likely that combinations of attractants and food sprays can be used to enhance green lacewing populations in orchards. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, SAA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, SAA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM ted.cottrell@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[577:OROGLN]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174BV UT WOS:000246917100012 PM 17540067 ER PT J AU Kim, KS French, BW Sumerford, DV Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok French, B. Wade Sumerford, Douglas V. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Genetic diversity in laboratory colonies of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), including a nondiapause colony SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE western corn rootworm; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; genetic diversity; laboratory colonies; selection ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; FIELD INFESTATIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; FREQUENCY DATA; MAIZE AB Laboratory-reared western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, from colonies maintained at the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory (NCARL) in Brookings, SD, are used extensively by many researchers in studies of the biology, ecology, behavior, and genetics of this major insect pest. A nondiapause colony developed through artificial selection in the early 1970s is particularly attractive for many studies because its generation time is much shorter than that of typical diapause colonies. However, the nondiapause colony has been in culture for approximate to 190 generations without out-crossing. We compared variation at six microsatellite loci among individuals from the NCARL nondiapause colony (approximate to 190 generations), main diapause colony (approximate to 22 generations), four regional diapause colonies (3-8 generations), and four wild populations. Genetic diversity was very similar among the diapause laboratory colonies and wild populations. However, the nondiapause colony showed approximate to 15-39% loss of diversity depending on the measure. Pairwise estimates of F-ST were very low, revealing little genetic differentiation among laboratory colonies and natural populations. The nondiapause colony showed the greatest genetic differentiation with an average pairwise F-ST of 0.153. There was little evidence that the laboratory colonies had undergone genetic bottlenecks except for the nondiapause colony. The nondiapause colony has suffered a moderate loss in genetic diversity and is somewhat differentiated from wild populations. This was not unexpected given its history of artificial selection for the nondiapause trait, and the large number of generations in culture. In contrast, the results indicate that the diapause colonies maintained at NCARL are genetically similar to wild populations. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 75 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 637 EP 645 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[637:GDILCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174BV UT WOS:000246917100021 PM 17540076 ER PT J AU Tischler, M Garcia, M Peters-Lidard, C Moran, MS Miller, S Thoma, D Kumar, S Geiger, J AF Tischler, M. Garcia, M. Peters-Lidard, C. Moran, M. S. Miller, S. Thoma, D. Kumar, S. Geiger, J. TI A GIS framework for surface-layer soil moisture estimation combining satellite radar measurements and land surface modeling with soil physical property estimation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE GIS; ARMS; model integration; soil moisture; land information system; parameter estimation ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; IMPROVED CALIBRATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; MONSOON 90; MICROWAVE; INFORMATION; SYSTEM; SAR; MANAGEMENT; WATER AB A GIS framework, the Army Remote Moisture System (ARMS), has been developed to link the Land Information System (LIS), a high performance land surface modeling and data assimilation system, with remotely sensed measurements of soil moisture to provide a high resolution estimation of soil moisture in the near surface. ARMS uses available soil (soil texture, porosity, K-sat), land cover (vegetation type, LAI, Fraction of Greenness), and atmospheric data (Albedo) in standardized vector and raster GIS data formats at multiple scales, in addition to climatological forcing data and precipitation. PEST (Parameter EStimation Tool) was integrated into the process to optimize soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (A(sat)), using the remotely sensed measurements, in order to provide a more accurate estimate of the soil moisture. The modeling process is controlled by the user through a graphical interface developed as part of the ArcMap component of ESRI ArcGIS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Walnut Gulch Expt Watershed, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Walnut Gulch Expt Watershed, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM michael.a.tischler@erdc.usace.army.mil; smoran@tucson.ars.ag.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Garcia, Matthew/K-9286-2013; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Garcia, Matthew/0000-0002-9637-4204; NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.05.022 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141SJ UT WOS:000244598700012 ER PT J AU Jovan, S Carlberg, T AF Jovan, Sarah Carlberg, Tom TI Nitrogen content of Letharia vulpina tissue from forests of the Sierra Nevada, California: Geographic patterns and relationships to ammonia estimates and climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; ammonia; agriculture; bioindication; California; forest health; Letharia vulpina; lichens; national parks; nitrogen; nitrophytes; Sierra Nevada ID EPIPHYTIC MACROLICHEN COMMUNITIES; AIR-POLLUTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; LICHENS; TIME; AREA AB Nitrogen (N) pollution is a growing concern in forests of the greater Sierra Nevada, which lie downwind of the highly populated and agricultural Central Valley. Nitrogen content of Letharia vulpina tissue was analyzed from 38 sites using total Kjeldahl analysis to provide a preliminary assessment of N deposition patterns. Collections were co-located with plots where epiphytic macrolichen communities arc used for estimating ammonia (NH3) deposition. Tissue N ranged from 0. 6% to 2. 11 % with the highest values occurring in the southwestern Sierra Nevada (range: 1.38 to 2.11). Tissue N at 17 plots was elevated, as defined by a threshold concentration of 1.03%. Stepwise regression was used to determine the best predictors of tissue N from among a variety of environmental variables. The best model consisted only of longitude (r(2) = 0.64), which was reflected in the geographic distribution of tissue values: the southwestern Sierra Nevada, the high Sierras near the Tahoe Basin, and the Modoc Plateau, are three apparent N hotspots arranged along the tilted north-south axis of the study area. Withholding longitude and latitude, the best regression model suggested that NH3 estimates and annual number of wetdays interactively affect N accumulation (r(2) = 0.61; % N N similar to H-3 + wetdays + (NH3 x wetdays)). We did not expect perfect correspondence between tissue values and NH3 estimates since other N pollutants also accumulate in the lichen thallus. Additionally, other factors potentially affecting N content, such as growth rate and leaching, were not given full account. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. RP Jovan, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jovans@science.oregonstate.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9357-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176OQ UT WOS:000247095200025 PM 17057974 ER PT J AU Zou, L Miller, SN Schmidtmann, ET AF Zou, Li Miller, Scott N. Schmidtmann, Edward T. TI A GIS tool to estimate west nile virus risk based on a degree-day model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; GIS; degree-day; risk assessment ID CULEX-TARSALIS DIPTERA; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CULICIDAE; TRANSMISSION; ABILITY; PIPIENS AB West Nile virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) is a serious infectious disease that recently spread across the North America continent. A spatial analysis tool was developed on the ArcMap 9.x platform to estimate potential West Nile virus activity using a spatially explicit degree-day model. The model identifies when the virus Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) is completed within the vector longevity during midsummer months. The EIP is treated as a threshold indicator of the potential for virus emergence and activity. Comparing the number of West Nile virus cases in Wyoming reported from 2003 to 2005 with model results, actual cases and predicted events of West Nile virus activity match relatively well. The model represents a useful method for estimating potential West Nile virus activity in a large spatial scale. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Box 3354,1000 E Univ Dr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM snmiller@uwyo.edu NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9373-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176OQ UT WOS:000247095200040 PM 17106782 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Omasa, K Paoletti, E AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Omasa, Kenji Paoletti, Elena TI Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: A northern hemisphere perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Congress of the International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE acidification; climate change; eutrophication; forest monitoring; tropospheric ozone ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ACID DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; ECOSYSTEMS; EUROPE; IMPACT; GROWTH AB Many air pollutants and greenhouse gases have common sources, contribute to radiative balance, interact in the atmosphere, and affect ecosystems. The impacts on forest ecosystems have been traditionally treated separately for air pollution and climate change. However, the combined effects may significantly differ from a sum of separate effects. We review the links between air pollution and climate change and their interactive effects on northern hemisphere forests, A simultaneous addressing of the air pollution and climate change effects on forests may result in more effective research, management and monitoring as well as better integration of local, national and global environmental policies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Lab Biol & Environm Informat Engn, Dept Biol & Environm Engn,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. CNR, IPP, I-50019 Florence, Italy. USDA Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Paoletti, E (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Lab Biol & Environm Informat Engn, Dept Biol & Environm Engn,Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 66 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.028 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174DS UT WOS:000246922000004 PM 17034915 ER PT J AU Tausz, M Grulke, NE Wieser, G AF Tausz, Michael Grulke, Nancy E. Wieser, Gerhard TI Defense and avoidance of ozone under global change SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IUFRO World Forestry Congress CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE antioxidative defense; drought; elevated CO2; global change; ozone flux ID BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; ABIES L. KARST.; ELEVATED CO2; ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PONDEROSA PINE; ASCORBIC-ACID; GAS-EXCHANGE; JEFFREY PINE AB The level II approach of the critical loads concept adopted by the UNECE aims at a flux based evaluation and takes into account environmental factors governing stomatal conductance. These factors will probably be affected by global change. The flux concept predicts that a decrease in stomatal conductance would protect trees from air pollution effects by decreasing uptake. However, experimental evidence is inconclusive. Numerous results suggest that pollutants and factors subject to global change (drought, CO2) may interact and even exacerbate effects, probably because antioxidative defense systems are involved in both, defense against pollutant effects and protection from natural stress. An effective pollutant dose, which is weighted by physiological defense capacity, would better predict such effects. In this review paper we argue that the flux-based approach is imperfect, because global change effects may also modify the physiological susceptibility to ozone. Instead, a flux concept weighted by defense capacity should be tested. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Creswick, Vic 3363, Australia. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Fed Res & Training Ctr Forests Nat Hazards & Land, Unit Alpine Timberline Ecophysiol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Tausz, M (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Water St, Creswick, Vic 3363, Australia. EM michael.tausz@unimelb.edu.au RI Tausz, Michael /C-1990-2013 OI Tausz, Michael /0000-0001-8205-8561 NR 47 TC 52 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.042 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174DS UT WOS:000246922000011 PM 17055629 ER PT J AU Percy, KE Nosal, M Heilman, W Dann, T Sober, J Legge, AH Karnosky, DF AF Percy, K. E. Nosal, M. Heilman, W. Dann, T. Sober, J. Legge, A. H. Karnosky, D. F. TI New exposure-based metric approach for evaluating O(3) risk to North American aspen forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Congress of the International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE ozone exposure-based metric; risk prediction; air quality standards; trembling aspen; growth ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AMBIENT OZONE; ELEVATED CO2; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; PONDEROSA PINE; PROTECTING VEGETATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; TREMBLING ASPEN AB The United States and Canada currently use exposure-based metrics to protect vegetation from O(3). Using 5 years (1999-2003) of comeasured O(3), meteorology and growth response, we have developed exposure-based regression models that predict Populus tremuloides growth change within the North American ambient air quality context. The models comprised growing season fourth-highest daily maximum 8-h average O(3) concentration, growing degree days, and wind speed. They had high statistical significance, high goodness of fit, include 95% confidence intervals for tree growth change, and are simple to use. Averaged across a wide range of clonal sensitivity, historical 2001-2003 growth change over most of the 26 M ha P. tremuloides distribution was estimated to have ranged from no impact (0%) to strong negative impacts (-31%). With four aspen clones responding negatively (one responded positively) to O(3), the growing season fourth-highest daily maximum 8-h average O(3) concentration performed much better than growing season SUM06, AOT40 or maximum 1 h average O(3) concentration metrics as a single indicator of aspen stem cross-sectional area growth. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Environm Canada, Environm Protect Serv, Air Tox Sect, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Biosphere Solut, Calgary, AB T2N 1H1, Canada. RP Percy, KE (reprint author), Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, 1350 Regent St, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM kpercy@nrcan.gc.ca NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3 BP 554 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174DS UT WOS:000246922000016 PM 17140714 ER PT J AU Munoz-Perea, CG Allen, RG Westermann, DT Wright, JL Singh, SP AF Munoz-Perea, Carlos German Allen, Richard G. Westermann, Dale T. Wright, James L. Singh, Shree P. TI Water use efficiency among dry bean landraces and cultivars in drought-stressed and non-stressed environments SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE breeding; drought resistance; evapotranspiration; Phaseolus vulgaris L; seed yield ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; RAIN-FED CONDITIONS; COMMON; RESISTANCE; YIELD; REGISTRATION; TOLERANCE; SELECTION; SOIL; FABACEAE AB The agricultural use of water is higher than 85% in the western USA, resulting in an increasing water deficit in the region; this situation is commonly encountered throughout the world where irrigated and irrigation-assisted production systems are operational. The objective of this study was to examine differences among dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces and cultivars in terms of water use efficiency (WUE), subsequently identifying those with a high water use efficiency. Six medium-seeded (25-40 g 100 seed wt(-1)) landraces and cultivars of pinto and red market classes were evaluated in intermittent drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) environments at Kimberly, Idaho, USA in 2003 and 2004. Each market class comprised one each of a landrace and old and new cultivars. Mean evapotranspiration (ET) in the NS environment was 384 mm in 2003 and 432 mm in 2004; the respective ET values in the DS environment were 309 and 268 mm. Mean seed yield was higher in the DS (2678 kg ha(-1)) and NS (3779 kg ha(-1)) environments in 2004 than in 2003 (688 and 1800 kg ha(-1), respectively). Under severe drought stress in 2003, WUE in the pinto bean ranged from 1.5 for the Common Pinto landrace to 4.4 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) water for cv. Othello. The Common Red Mexican landrace had the highest WUE (3.7), followed by cvs. NW 63 (2.8) and UI 259 (1.4) in the red market class. Under favorable milder climatic conditions in 2004, the mean WUE value was 10 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) water in the DS environment and 8.7 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) water in the NS environment. We conclude that dry bean landraces and cultivars with high WUE should be used to reduce dependence on irrigation water and to develop drought-resistant cultivars to maximize yield and WUE. C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Singh, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu NR 42 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 155 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9340-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 158WG UT WOS:000245825300011 ER PT J AU Gillen, AM Novy, RG AF Gillen, Anne M. Novy, Richard G. TI Molecular characterization of the progeny of Solanum etuberosum identifies a genomic region associated with resistance to potato leafroll virus SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE potato leafroll virus; Solanum etuberosum; Solanum tuberosum ID SOMATIC HYBRIDS; CHROMOSOME-XI; TOMATO; RECOMBINATION; GERMPLASM; TUBEROSUM; CLONES; LOCUS; MAPS AB Potato leafroll virus (PLRV; Genus Polerovirus; Family Luteoviridae) is one of the most important virus pathogens of potato worldwide and breeders are looking for new sources of resistance. Solanum etuberosum Lindl., a wild potato species native to Chile, was identified as having resistances to PLRV, potato virus Y, potato virus X, and green peach aphid. Barriers to sexual hybridization between S. etuberosum and cultivated potato were overcome through somatic hybridization. Resistance to PLRV has been identified in the BC(1), BC(2) and BC(3) progeny of the somatic hybrids of S. etuberosum (+) S. tuberosum haploid S. berthaultii Hawkes. In this study, RFLP markers previously mapped in potato, tomato or populations derived from S. palustre (syn S. brevidens) S. etuberosum and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from tomato and potato EST sequences were used to characterize S. etuberosum genomic regions associated with resistance to PLRV. The RFLP marker TG443 from tomato linkage group 4 was found to segregate with PLRV resistance. This chromosome region has not previously been associated with PLRV resistance and therefore suggests a unique source of resistance. Synteny groups of molecular markers were constructed using information from published genetic linkage maps of potato, tomato and S. palustre (syn. S. brevidens) S. etuberosum. Analysis of synteny group transmission over generations confirmed the sequential loss of S. etuberosum chromosomes with each backcross to potato. Marker analyses provided evidence of recombination between the potato and S. etuberosum genomes and/or fragmentation of the S. etuberosum chromosomes. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Idaho, R&E Ctr, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Gillen, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM agillen@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; rnovy@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 155 IS 3 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9342-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 158WG UT WOS:000245825300012 ER PT J AU Maki, KC Galant, R Samuel, P Tesser, J Witchger, MS Ribaya-Mercado, JD Blumberg, JB Geohas, J AF Maki, K. C. Galant, R. Samuel, P. Tesser, J. Witchger, M. S. Ribaya-Mercado, J. D. Blumberg, J. B. Geohas, J. TI Effects of consuming foods containing oat beta-glucan on blood pressure, carbohydrate metabolism and biomarkers of oxidative stress in men and women with elevated blood pressure SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; insulin; oats; beta-glucan; oxidative stress ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GUAR GUM; LIPID-METABOLISM; NIDDM PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ACARBOSE AB Objective: To assess the effects of consuming foods containing oat beta-glucan on blood pressure, carbohydrate homeostasis and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Design: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Setting: The trial was conducted at two clinics. Subjects and interventions: Ninety-seven men and women with resting systolic blood pressure 130-179mm Hg and/ or diastolic blood pressure 85-109mm Hg were randomly assigned to consume foods containing oat beta-glucan or control foods for 12 weeks. Resting blood pressures, insulin and glucose values before and after standard breakfast meals, and four biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured before and at the end of the treatment period. Results: Changes from baseline to week 12 in mean peak insulin and incremental area under the insulin curve differed significantly between groups (P = 0.037 and 0.034, respectively), with the beta-glucan group showing declines and the control group remaining essentially unchanged. Blood pressure responses were not significantly different between groups overall. However, in subjects with body mass index above the median (31.5 kg/m(2)), both systolic (8.3 mm Hg, P = 0.008) and diastolic (3.9mm Hg, P = 0.018) blood pressures were lowered in the beta-glucan group compared to controls. No significant differences in biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed between treatments. Conclusions: The results of the present trial suggest beneficial effects of foods containing beta-glucan from oats on carbohydrate metabolism, and on blood pressure in obese subjects. C1 Radienat Res, Chicago, IL USA. Provident Clin Res, Bloomington, IN USA. Quaker Oats Co, Barrington, IL USA. Radiant Res, Phoenix, AZ USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Maki, KC (reprint author), Provident Clin Res, 903 S President St, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM kmaki@providentcrc.com NR 43 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 786 EP 795 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602562 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175DH UT WOS:000246992300012 PM 17151592 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, L Westerlund, J Erickson, K AF Gutierrez, Luciano Westerlund, Joakim Erickson, Kenneth TI Farmland prices, structural breaks and panel data SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of the European-Association-of-Agricultural-Economists (EAAE) CY AUG 24-27, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Agr Economists DE farmland prices; present value model; non-stationary panel data analysis; structural breaks ID PRESENT VALUE MODEL; TRANSACTION COSTS; UNIT-ROOT; REGRESSION; RENTS; LAND AB Previous time series evidence has indicated that farmland prices and cash rents are not cointegrated, a finding at odds with the present value model of farmland prices. We argue that this failure to find cointegration may be due to low power of tests and to the presence of structural change representing a shifting risk premium on farmland investments. To accommodate this possibility, we use panel unit root and cointegration methods that are more powerful than conventional time series methods and allow for breaks in the cointegration relationship. Our results, based on a large panel covering 31 US states between 1960 and 2000, suggest that the present value model of farmland prices cannot be rejected. C1 Univ Sassari, Dept Agr Econ, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gutierrez, L (reprint author), Univ Sassari, Dept Agr Econ, Via E De Nicola 1, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 161 EP 179 DI 10.1093/erae/jbm018 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 227OL UT WOS:000250666900002 ER PT J AU Trasino, SE Harrison, EH Wang, TTY AF Trasino, Steven E. Harrison, Earl H. Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI Androgen regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in the androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE androgen; prostate cancer; retinoic acid; aldehyde dehydrogenase; metabolism ID RETINOIC ACID SYNTHESIS; PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; METABOLIZING ENZYMES; VITAMIN-A; RECEPTOR; CYP26A1; MOUSE; GENE; PROMOTER AB Previous gene array data from our laboratory identified the retinoic acid (RA) biosynthesis enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) as a putative androgen-responsive gene in human prostate cancer epithelial (LNCaP) cells. In the present study, we attempted to identify if any of the three ALDH1A/RA synthesis enzymes are androgen responsive and how this may affect retinoid-mediated effects in LNCaP cells. We demonstrated that exposure of LNCaP cells to the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) results in a 4-fold increase in ALDH1A3 mRNA levels compared with the untreated control. The mRNA for two other ALDH1A family members, ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2, were not detected and not induced by DHT in LNCaP cells. Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) with both the antiandrogen bicalutamide and small interfering RNA for AR support that ALDHIA3 regulation by DHT is mediated by AR. Furthermore, specific inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Src family of kinases with PD98059 and PP1 supports that AR's regulation of ALDH1A3 occurs by the typical AR nuclear-translocation cascade. Consistent with an increase in ALDH1A3 mRNA, DHT-treated LNCaP cells showed an 8-fold increase in retinaldehyde-dependent NAD(+) reduction compared with control. Lastly, treatment of LNCaP with all-trams retinal (RAL) in the presence of DHT resulted in significant up-regulation of the RA-inducible, RA-metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 mRNA compared with RAL treatment alone. Taken together, these data suggest that (i) the RA biosynthesis enzyme ALDH1A3 is androgen responsive and (ii) DHT up-regulation of ALDH1A3 can increase the oxidation of retinal to RA and indirectly affect RA bioactivity and metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.wang@ars.usda.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL049879] NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 232 IS 6 BP 762 EP 771 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 172TU UT WOS:000246828100007 PM 17526768 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Kim, WS Jeong, SH AF Krishnan, Hari B. Kim, Won-Seok Jeong Sun-Hyung TI Calcium regulates the production of nodulation outer proteins (Nops) and precludes pili formation by Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a soybean symbiont SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE calcium; nodulation outer proteins; type III secretion system; pilus; soybean; symbiosis ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC NODULATION; RHIZOBIUM-FREDII; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; SURFACE APPENDAGES; STRAIN NGR234; EXPRESSION; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEASES; LOCUS AB Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on primitive soybean cultivars such as 'Peking' but is unable to establish efficient symbiosis with North American cultivars. USDA257 when grown in presence of genistein, a potent nodD-inducing isoflavonoid, secretes at least six nodulation outer proteins (NopX, NopB, NopL, NopP, NopA and NopC) to the extracellular milieu through a type III secretion system. These proteins regulate legume nodulation in a host-specific manner. Here, it is demonstrated that calcium prevents the accumulation of NopB and NopA, and drastically reduces that of NopX and NopL. The inhibitory effect on Nops accumulation appears to be mediated specifically by calcium since other divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Mn2+ had no detectable effect. Calcium does not appear to interfere with the secretion of these proteins since Western blot analysis revealed that these Nops do not accumulate inside the cell. The inhibitory effect of calcium on Nops production is mediated at the posttranscriptional level. Studies by the authors indicate that the production of Nops, which function as determinants of host-range, is regulated by calcium. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM krishnanh@missouri.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 EI 1574-6968 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 271 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00698.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 164NT UT WOS:000246241500010 PM 17391367 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Rooney, AP Swezey, JL Perry, E Cohan, FM AF Price, Neil P. J. Rooney, Alejandro P. Swezey, James L. Perry, Elizabeth Cohan, Frederick M. TI Mass spectrometric analysis of lipopeptides from Bacillus strains isolated from diverse geographical locations SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; MALDI; MS; lipopeptides; biomarkers; surfactins; iturins ID DESORPTION-IONIZATION-TIME; CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDE; SUBTILIS; METABOLITES; BIOMARKERS; SPORES; CELLS AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) has been applied to characterize lipopeptide biomarkers from 54 different strains of Bacillis from most taxa within the Bacillis subtilis-Bacillis licheniformis clade, isolated from seven geographic locations on five continents. Even the most narrowly defined taxa are diverse in terms of the lipopeptide profiles. Many strains produce previously identified compounds with known antimicrobial properties (e.g. polymyxins and bacitracins), whereas other compounds represent novel classes that were hitherto unknown. Of particular interest is the novel 942/958 Da biomarkers produced by B. s. spizizeni desert strains and several type strains. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 271 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00702.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 164NT UT WOS:000246241500014 PM 17419767 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Railsback, SF AF Harvey, Bret C. Railsback, Steven F. TI Estimating multi-factor cumulative watershed effects on fish populations with an individual-based model SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HABITATS; QUALITY; STREAMS; BASIN AB While the concept of cumulative effects is prominent in legislation governing environmental management, the ability to estimate Cumulative effects remains limited. One reason for this limitation is that important natural resources such as fish populations may exhibit complex responses to changes in environmental conditions, particularly to alteration of multiple environmental factors. Individual-based models hold promise for estimating cumulative effects in these situations. We present an example application of an individual-based model of stream trout to the problem of estimating the cumulative effects of multiple environmental changes: elevated wet-season turbidity, elevated dry-season stream temperature, and reduced pool frequency. Each of these physical changes had multiple consequences for individual fish in the model, reflecting existing information. The simulations exhibited non-linear and non-multipticative population responses to the multiple stressors. The results indicate the value of the individual-based approach for estimating cumulative effects and challenge the assumption that consequences for animal populations of increasing or Multiple environmental changes are readily estimated from responses to modest changes in single factors. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 292 EP + DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[292:EFCWEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192VT UT WOS:000248232200008 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Mislevy, P Nagoshi, RN AF Meagher, Robert L. Mislevy, Paul Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI Caterpillar (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) feeding on pasture grasses in central Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mocis latipes; Mocis disseverans; Mocis marcida; Spodoptera frugiperda; larval densities ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE HOST STRAINS; BERMUDAGRASS RESISTANCE; TIFTON-85 BERMUDAGRASS; GRAZING FREQUENCY; I GENE; MOCIS; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION AB Stargrasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis) and bermudagrasses (C dactylon (L.) Persoon) are important warm-season forage grasses, with several cultivars developed for conditions found in central and southern Florida. Major insect pests of these grasses include grass loopers (Mocis spp.) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)), which annually may impose economic losses for beef cattle and hay producers. Population studies conducted during a 3-year period showed that both species had similar profiles with respect to larval population seasonality but not abundance. Plot studies with 4 stargrass and 4 bermudagrass lines showed that higher grass looper populations were found in stargrasses than bermudagrasses. Laboratory studies found grass loopers and fall armyworm larvae generally developed faster with larger weights on lines of stargrass than lines of bermudagrass. The two fall armyworm host strains also can differ substantially in their larval weight, developmental time, and survivability when grown on different lines of grasses. These results indicate that the selection of pasture grasses made by growers can significantly and differentially affect the population densities of these grass defoliators. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[295:CLNFOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500001 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Epsky, ND Cherry, R AF Meagher, Robert L. Epsky, Nancy D. Cherry, Ron TI Mating behavior and female-produced pheromone use in tropical sod webworm (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Herpetogramma phaeopteralis; female calling; male attraction; turf ID DIAPHANIA-NITIDALIS LEPIDOPTERA; CRANBERRY GIRDLER LEPIDOPTERA; RICE LEAFFOLDER MOTH; SEX-PHEROMONE; HERPETOGRAMMA-LICARSISALIS; CNAPHALOCROCIS-MEDINALIS; GRASS WEBWORM; PYRALIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; BERMUDAGRASS AB Research was initiated to develop a pheromone-based monitoring system for the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Guenee). A laboratory rearing procedure was developed to produce individuals for field tests and behavioral bioassays. Virgin females placed in Unitraps in the field attracted and captured males for 8 d, while no males were captured in unbaited traps. Total male capture ranged from 1 to 24, and there was a slight decrease in capture as females aged. Laboratory mating behavior studies suggested that mating occurs later in the scotophase. Males responded to virgin females in a linear olfactometer throughout the dark period (scotophase), although there was a trend for higher male activity late in scotophase. There was no observed calling behavior, and adults exhibit simple mating behavior. Lack of both calling posture among virgin females and periodicity of male response will make it difficult to determine the optimal time periods for pheromone production, which would facilitate the collection and subsequent identification of pheromone components. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida IFAS, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[304:MBAFPU]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500002 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Hennessey, MK Montgomery, WS Jones, EM Epsky, ND AF Kendra, Paul E. Hennessey, Michael K. Montgomery, Wayne S. Jones, Edward M. Epsky, Nancy D. TI Residential composting of infested fruit: A potential pathway for spread of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; risk assessment; pathway analysis; quarantine pest ID FLY DIPTERA; SUSPENSA DIPTERA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GRAPEFRUIT; LARVAE; INFESTATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; MORTALITY; PREDATION; FLORIDA AB Composting plant waste is a beneficial practice commonly used by American gardeners, but disposal of infested fruit directly into the environment creates a potential pathway for introduction of insect pests. This study estimates the likelihood of adult emergence for exotic fruit flies (Tephritidae) from residential composting in south Florida. Ripe grapefruits, Citrus x paradisi Macfad., were infested with the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Half of the infested fruit was placed onto outdoor compost piles and half was maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. Adult fly emergence was recorded daily for 30 d from both the compost piles and control bins. Compost temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were monitored, and the study was repeated 4 times under different seasonal conditions. Despite high mortality of flies from the composted fruit relative to control fruit, the overall risk of a potentially mated female emerging from composted fruit was calculated to be similar to 10%. Of the environmental factors evaluated, compost temperature was found to have a significant effect on adult emergence. Mortality approached 100% in piles with maximum compost temperatures >= 48 degrees C. This report provides experimental data in support of quantitative risk analysis for a tephritid-compost pathway. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[314:RCOIFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500004 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP AF Ferkovich, Stephen M. Shapiro, Jeffrey P. TI Improved fecundity in the predator Orius Insidiosus (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) with a partially purified nutritional factor from an insect cell line SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; factor; insidious flower bug; Plodia interpunctella; cell line; Orius insidiosus; Ephestia kuehniella; eggs ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; ARTIFICIAL DIET; TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM; EPHESTIA-KUEHNIELLA; PENTATOMIDAE; PREY; BUG; OVIPOSITION; QUALITY; EGGS AB A specific factor that stimulates egg production in the predator Orius insidiosis (Say) was earlier shown to be present in eggs of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). We investigated whether the embryonic cell line IPLB-PiE, derived from eggs of the Indian meal moth P. interpunctella also produces a specific factor that improves fecundity of the predator. We fractionated cells by preparative isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient of 3-10 and bioassayed the resultant fractions in test diets to determine their effects on egg production. Rates of oviposition were determined by placing adult predators on the test diets the third d after eclosion, allowing them to feed for 3 d, and then providing them with ovipositional substrates for 24 h on d 7. Six out of 20 fractions with isoelectric points between pH 5.2 and 7.3 had significant activity relative to the control diet. The nature of the factor(s) is unknown but corresponds to a partially purified fecundity factor from eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller with an isoelectric point of pH 5 in an earlier study. The results indicate that the cell line, which was originally derived from embryos of P. interpunctella, has retained a differentiated function in culture by producing products similar to those produced in the P. interpunctella egg. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[321:IFITPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500005 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Hentz, MG Ciomperlik, MA AF Hall, David G. Hentz, Matthew G. Ciomperlik, Matthew A. TI A comparison of traps and stem tap sampling for monitoring adult asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) in citrus SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE trapping; sampling; sticky traps; Multi-Lure; CC trap ID SOUTHERN FLORIDA; GREENING DISEASE; HOMOPTERA; THYSANOPTERA; THRIPIDAE AB Studies were conducted at 2 different field sites to compare yellow sticky card traps, blue sticky card traps, Multi-Lure traps, and CC traps (red, blue, black, white, yellow, and dark green bases) for monitoring adult Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in citrus. The Multi-Lure and CC traps were charged with either ethylene glycol or a dichlorvos kill strip to kill psyllids entering the trap. We also investigated a stem tapping method for monitoring adult D. citri. Yellow sticky card traps captured significantly more adults than blue sticky card traps over a 4-week period in one study but not the other. Over all sample weeks, each of these traps captured significantly greater numbers of adults than any of the other traps. Yellow and blue sticky traps were equally effective in detecting the presence of adults in trees given the infestation levels present at the 2 study sites. The CC and Multi-Lure traps captured so few adult psyllids and provided such poor detection of trees infested by adults that they appeared to have no value for monitoring D. citri. Tap sampling was easy to conduct and provided relatively good detection of trees infested by adults given the infestation levels present at the 2 groves. An advantage to stem tap sampling over sticky trap sampling is that tap sampling provides information on the presence and relative abundance of adult D. citri during a single visit to a block of trees while sticky trap sampling requires 2 visits. Research to develop standard protocols for sticky trap and stem tap sampling for adult D. citri in citrus would be advantageous. C1 USDA, ARS, US Horticultural Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Horticultural Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[327:ACOTAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500006 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Jack, O Nash, MJ AF Yee, Wee L. Jack, Oriki Nash, Meralee J. TI Mortality of Rhagoletis Pomonella (Diptera : Tephritidae) exposed to field-aged spinetoram, GF-120, and azinphos-methyl in Washington State SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE apple maggot; bait sprays; spinosyn formulations; organophosphate; residual activity ID APPLE MAGGOT; BAIT SPRAYS; INSECTICIDES; SPINOSAD; TESTS; FRUIT AB The effects of field-aged residues of the new semi-synthetic spinosyn insecticide spinetoram (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) and the spinosad bait GF-120 (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) on mortality of apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were determined in Washington State. Mortality caused by spinetoram (100 g a.i./ha) sprayed on apples and aged 7 d was significantly lower than that caused by fresh spinetoram. Spinetoram (100 and 75 g a.i./ha) aged for 7 d caused less than or as much mortality as spinosad (100 g a.i./ha) aged for 7 d. Fresh spinetoram and azinphos-methyl aged 7 or 14 d caused similar mortality, but aged spinetoram and spinosad caused lower mortality than azinphos-methyl. Apples treated with spinetoram (75 g a.i./ha) and with spinosad aged 7 d and exposed to flies produced a few larvae. However, even though spinetoram (100 g a.i./ha) aged 14 d did not kill all female flies, no larvae emerged from apples sprayed with this treatment. In separate tests, 0-d, 3-d, and 7-d old GF-120 on apple leaves caused greater mortality than 14-d old GF-120. Results show that spinetoram and GF-120 when fresh are highly toxic to R. pomonella, but that both have relatively short residual activities under the hot dry conditions typical of central Washington in summer. Ingredients that prolong their toxicities or make their toxins available to flies longer may be needed to optimize their performance. Also, results suggest that adult fly mortality caused by spinetoram is not an accurate predictor of larval emergence from apples, and that possible non-lethal effects caused by spinetoram need to be examined. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[335:MORPDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500007 ER PT J AU Torres-Rivera, Z Hallman, GJ AF Torres-Rivera, Zoila Hallman, Guy J. TI Low dose irradiation phytosanitary treatment against Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; ionizing irradiation; quarantine treatment; disinfestation ID RADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; FLIES DIPTERA; GAMMA-RADIATION AB The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is one of the most important quarantine pests in the world. Host commodities shipped from infested parts of the world to non-infested parts that might be susceptible to infestation should undergo a phytosanitary measure to render negligible the risk of shipping viable flies. Ionizing irradiation is a promising phytosanitary treatment that is tolerated by the great majority of hosts of the Mediterranean fruit fly. The current dose in the US is 150 Gy. This research conducted with cage-infested `Haden' mangoes in Peru showed that 100 Gy is sufficient to provide a high level of quarantine security against this important pest. That dose did not affect pupation when applied to late 3rd instars, but it did prevent any from emerging as adults. A dose of 100 Gy might allow for irradiation of avocados, one of the few fruits that does not tolerate more than 100-200 Gy. C1 USDA, ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Torres-Rivera, Z (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[343:LIPTAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500008 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Holler, T Pereira, R Romero, M AF Sivinski, John Holler, Tim Pereira, Rui Romero, Maritza TI The thermal environment of immature Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha Suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE larvae; pupae; heat; cold; conditional gene expression ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; FLY DIPTERA; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PARASITOIDS; SURVIVORSHIP; HYMENOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; DIAPRIIDAE AB Because many plants regulate their internal temperatures, there is no a priori reason to believe air temperature accurately reflects the temperatures faced by tephritid larvae inhabiting fruit interiors. Larvae also move across and burrow into soil to pupate, and immature flies at this point are also likely to encounter temperatures that might be less than or exceed air temperature. Using thermocouples and a computerized data logger we measured a range of temperatures in the 4 major hosts of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), the Caribbean fruit fly: (Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora L., Cattley guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, guava, Psidium guajava L., and loquat, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)), and in grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macf, an economically important secondary host. Generally, temperatures were higher in the southwestern portions of tree canopies relative to those in the northeastern interiors. Fruit on the ground was warmer than in the tree, but there was no significant pattern of maximum fruit core temperatures being warmer than subcutaneous pulp. Soil temperatures were also higher than fruit-in-tree temperatures, and decreased and displayed less variance with increasing depth. Fruit in trees seldom reached temperatures +/- 0.05 of air temperatures, but fruit on the ground could be more than 0.25 the adjacent air temperature. There were positive relationships between the ratio of mean and minimum fruit temperature/adjacent air temperature and fruit diameter. Information on the temperatures confronted by immature fruit flies can be used to model population dynamics, and to design temperature sensitive strains through conditional gene expression for mass-rearing and release. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA, APHIS PPQ, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[347:TTEOIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500009 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Goenaga, Ricardo TI Host status of mamey sapote, Pouteria Sapota (Sapotaceae), to the west Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha Obliqua (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Puerto Rico SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE mamey sapote; Pouteria sapota; Anastrepha; hosts AB The authors evaluated the host status of mamey sapote, Pouteria sapota (Sapotaceae) to Anastrepha obliqua by collecting mature fruits and monitoring them for the emergence of larval Tephritidae. Fruits were also scarred and placed in cages with female A. obliqua and monitored for the emergence of larvae and adults. Multi-lure traps baited with putrescine and ammonium acetate were used to compare the number of flies in orchards of mamey sapote to the number of flies in nearby orchards of carambola (Auerrhoa carambola: Oxalidaceae). There are a number of references citing mamey sapote as a host of A. obliqua in different countries. However, we only found two unidentified tephritid larva from 1,160 mamey sapote fruits collected in the field and these fly larvae did not survive to adulthood. We were not able to rear adult A. obliqua on scarred, mature fruit of mamey sapote, whereas we were able to do so on mango under identical conditions. Abundance in orchards based on trapping indicates that flies are very rarely encountered in orchards of mamey sapote compared with orchards of carambola. We conclude that in Puerto Rico mamey sapote has a very low (undetectable) rate of infestation by fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. C1 USDA ARS, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[384:HSOMSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500013 ER PT J AU Pereira, R Steck, GJ Varona, E Sivinski, J AF Pereira, Rui Steck, Gary J. Varona, Eduardo Sivinski, John TI Biology and natural history of Anastrepha Interrupta (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumers Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. USDA APHIS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Pereira, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 970 Nat Area Dr POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[389:BANHOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500014 ER PT J AU Evans, GA Hodges, GS AF Evans, G. A. Hodges, G. S. TI Duplachionaspis Divergens (Hemiptera : Diaspididae), a new exotic pest of sugarcane and other grasses in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA APHIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Evans, GA (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 392 EP 393 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[392:DDHDAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500015 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Shapiro-Ilan, D Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Shapiro-Ilan, David Goenaga, Ricardo TI Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against Diaprepes Abbreviatus in an Oxisol SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOIL TEXTURE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; STEINERNEMATIDAE; PERSISTENCE; INFECTIVITY; RHABDITIDA; LARVAE C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Ave PA Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 401 EP 403 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[401:VOENAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500018 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Torto, B Van Engelsdorp, D Teal, PEA AF Arbogast, Richard T. Torto, Baldwyn Van Engelsdorp, Dennis Teal, Peter E. A. TI An effective trap and bait combination for monitoring the small hive beetle, Aethina Tumida (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 NR 4 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 404 EP 406 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[404:AETABC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500019 ER PT J AU Blackwood, JS Pratt, PD AF Blackwood, J. Scott Pratt, Paul D. TI New host and expanded geographic range of stellate scale, Vinsonia Stellifera (Hemiptera : Coccidae : Ceroplastinae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Blackwood, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 413 EP 414 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[413:NHAEGR]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182CA UT WOS:000247481500022 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Melendres, MV Huang, LH Gumudavelli, V Subbiah, J Thippareddi, H AF Juneja, Vijay K. Melendres, Martin Valenzuela Huang, Lihan Gumudavelli, Vinod Subbiah, Jeyamkondan Thippareddi, Harshavardhan TI Modeling the effect of temperature on growth of Salmonella in chicken SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; modeling; salmonella; chicken ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; PH; FOOD AB Growth data of Salmonella in chicken were collected at several isothermal conditions (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 32, 35, 37, 42, and 45 degrees C) and were then fitted into primary models, namely the logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model. Measures of goodness-of-fit such as mean square error, pseudo-R-2, -2 log likelihood, Akaike's information, and Sawa's Bayesian information criteria were used for comparison for these primary models. Based on these criteria, modified Gompertz model described growth data the best, followed by the Baranyi model, and then the logistic model. The maximum growth rates obtained from each primary model were then modeled as a function of temperature using the modified Ratkowsky model. Pseudo-R-2 values for this secondary model describing growth rate obtained from Baranyi, modified Gompertz, and logistic models were 0.999, 0.980, and 0.990, respectively. Mean square error values for corresponding models were 0.0002, 0.0008, and 0.0009, respectively. Both measures clearly show that the Baranyi model performed better than the modified Gompertz model or the logistic model. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19308 USA. CIAD, Ctr Food Res & Dev, Sonora 83000, Mexico. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19308 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2006.08.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 152KM UT WOS:000245360900003 PM 17189758 ER PT J AU Schultze, KK Linton, RH Cousin, MA Luchansky, JB Tamplin, ML AF Schultze, K. K. Linton, R. H. Cousin, M. A. Luchansky, J. B. Tamplin, M. L. TI Effect of preinoculation growth media and fat levels on thermal inactivation of a serotype 4b strain of Listeria monocytogenes in frankfurter slurries SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; frankfurters; thermal inactivation ID SODIUM LACTATE; HOT-WATER; 5-STRAIN MIXTURE; PREDICTIVE MODEL; BREAST MEAT; GROUND-BEEF; PASTEURIZATION; DIACETATE; HEAT; SALMONELLA AB Preinoculation growth conditions and fat levels were evaluated for effects on the heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes strain MFS 102 in formulated frankfurter slurries and on frankfurter surfaces. Comparison of linear inactivation rates (D-values) for cells heated in frankfurter slurry showed that growth conditions were significant (P < 0.05) factors affecting subsequent thermal resistance. The average D-60 degrees C-values for the five premoculation growth media tested from most resistant to least heat resistant were: tryptic soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE) (2.2 min) and 8.5% fat slurry (2.2 min), followed by 23% fat slurry (1.7 min) and 11% fat slurry (1.7 min), and then TSYBE with quaternary ammonium compounds added (TSBYE + Q) (1 min). The fat level in the frankfurter heating media also had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the thermal death rate of L. monocytogenes. Cells heated in 8.5% fat slurry had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) D-60 degrees C-value (2.2 min) than those heated in 11% fat (1.0 min) and 23% fat slurry (0.9 min). Growth media (TSBYE, 8.5% fat slurry, and TSBYE+Q), and fat level (15% and 20%), however, were not significant factors (P > 0.05) affecting thermal inactivation rates on frankfurter surfaces. Heat inactivation rates were consistently higher on frankfurter surfaces compared to similar treatments done in frankfurter slurry. On frankfurter surfaces, a 2.3- to 5.1-log(10) reduction was achieved after 15 min depending on frankfurter surface type. The time necessary to achieve a 3-log(10) reduction using post-processing pasteurization of frankfurters in a hot water-bath at 60 degrees C almost doubled for cells grown in TSBYE and heated in 23% fat frankfurter slurry (19.6 min) versus cells grown and heated in 8.5% fat frankfurter slurry (10.8 min). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Linton, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM linton@purdue.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2006.07.019 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 152KM UT WOS:000245360900006 PM 17189761 ER PT J AU Chabot, P Dorosh, PA AF Chabot, Philippe Dorosh, Paul A. TI Wheat markets, food aid and food security in Afghanistan SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE food security; food aid; Afghanistan; agricultural markets ID BANGLADESH; POLICY; TRADE AB In Afghanistan, after two decades of civil strife and successive droughts from 1998 to 2002, large inflows of food aid, distributed mainly to returning refugees and through food for work programs, have helped offset production shortfalls of wheat, the country's major staple. At the same time, private international trade from neighboring countries, especially Pakistan, has also played a major role in augmenting wheat supply and stabilizing prices. This paper presents an analysis of wheat prices and market flows in Afghanistan based on results of surveys of wheat traders and millers, and econometric analysis of price movements in major markets in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In spite of food aid imports, domestic prices were not lowered below import parity levels in most major Afghan markets. Thus, the price evidence suggests that large-scale inflows of food aid, which benefited the country by providing resources for targeted food for work and other programs, did not have major price disincentive effects on domestic production, at least through mid-2003. However, following the 2003 bumper harvest, the analysis suggests that continued food aid inflows may have depressed producer prices by as much as about 15%. Moreover, given substantial prospects for rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure, there is ample scope for increasing domestic production of wheat and decreasing import demand, so price disincentive effects of food aid remain a possibility in the future, as well. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 World Bank, S Asia Agr & Rural Dev Unit, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Dorosh, PA (reprint author), World Bank, S Asia Agr & Rural Dev Unit, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. EM pdorosh@worldbank.orfg NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 334 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.07.002 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 161LY UT WOS:000246017900004 ER PT J AU Carvalho, CWP Onwulata, CI Tornasula, PM AF Carvalho, C. W. P. Onwulata, C. I. Tornasula, P. M. TI Rheological properties of starch and whey protein isolate gels SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE whey protein; starch; viscosity; gel; theology ID RAPID VISCO ANALYZER; PASTING PROPERTIES; CASSAVA STARCH; GELATION; SYSTEMS; FLOUR; RETROGRADATION; GELATINIZATION; DISPERSIONS; MICROSCOPY AB The paste viscosity of starches Amioca (similar to 0.5% amylose), native corn (similar to 27% amylose), Hylon VII (similar to 70% amylose), tapioca (similar to 19% amylose), and their whey protein isolate (WPI; 50/50) mixtures at varying solid concentration of 2.5, 5,10,15 and 20% were determined. At higher gel concentration (20%) during the cooling cycle, WPI paste measured by rapid visco-analyser (RVA) showed a tremendous increase in viscosity over that of the micro visco-amylograph (MVA), 5784 and 184 cP, respectively. RVA gels had a more uniform network of coarse particles (similar to 250-500 nm) than the fine structures (similar to 50 nm) in those of the MVA. Inclusion of WPI reduced the paste viscosity of all starches by at least 50%, except for Hylon VII at 20% solid concentration. ne strength of Hylon VII and corn starch gels was reduced by WPI. In contrast, gels of WPI/tapioca (G' = 45.4 Pa) and WPI/amioca (G' = 18.3 Pa) had similar rheological properties as their pure starch control (G' = 47.4 Pa and G' = 15.3 Pa for Tapioca and Amioca, respectively). C1 Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Embrapa Food Technol, BR-23020470 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Charles.Onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1082-0132 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT JI Food Sci. Technol. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1177/10820132013207079897 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 226YA UT WOS:000250623200005 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Fratamico, PM Gunther, NW AF Smith, James L. Fratamico, Pina M. Gunther, Nereus W. TI Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; VIRULENCE FACTOR PROFILES; MEMBRANE PROTEIN-A; ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; SIDEROPHORE RECEPTOR IRON; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES AB Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) possesses virulence traits that allow it to invade, colonize, and induce disease in bodily sites outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Human diseases caused by ExPEC include urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, surgical site infections, as well as infections in other extraintestinal locations. ExPEC-induced diseases represent a large burden in terms of medical costs and productivity losses. In addition to human illnesses, ExPEC strains also cause extraintestinal infections in domestic animals and pets. A commonality of virulence factors has been demonstrated between human and animal ExPEC, suggesting that the organisms are zoonotic pathogens. ExPEC strains have been isolated from food products, in particular from raw meats and poultry, indicating that these organisms potentially represent a new class of foodborne pathogens. This review discusses various aspects of ExPEC, including its presence in food products, in animals used for food or as companion pets; the diseases ExPEC can cause; and the virulence factors and virulence mechanisms that cause disease. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 190 TC 98 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 22 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 134 EP 163 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0087 PG 30 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 185VS UT WOS:000247739100003 PM 17600482 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Killinger-Mann, K Blanton, J Francisco, MS Brashears, M AF Dowd, Scot E. Killinger-Mann, Karen Blanton, John Francisco, Michael San Brashears, Mindy TI Positive adaptive state: Microarray evaluation of gene expression in Salmonella enterica typhimurium exposed to nalidixic acid SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; SECRETION SYSTEM; DNA-DAMAGE; HILC; MECHANISMS; BINDING; PROTEIN AB The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among foodborne bacteria associated with food animal production is an important global issue. We hypothesised that antibiotics generate a positive adaptive state in Salmonella that actively contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. This is opposed to common views that antimicrobials only act as a passive selective pressure. Microarray analysis was used to evaluate changes in gene expression that occur upon exposure of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium ATCC 14028 to 1.6 mu g/mL of nalidixic acid. The results showed a significant (P < 0.02) difference (fold expression differences > 2.0) in the expression of 226 genes. Comparatively repressed transcripts included Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI1 and SPI2). Induced genes included efflux pumps representing all five families of multidrug-resistance efflux pumps, outer membrane lipoproteins, and genes involved in regulating lipopolysaccharide chain length. This profile suggests both ehanced antimicrobial export from the cell and membrane permeability adaptations to limit diffusion of nalidixic acid into the cell. Finally, increased expression of the error-prone DNA repair mechanisms were also observed. From these data we show a highly integrated genetic response to nalidixic acid that places Salmonella into a positive adaptive state that elicits mutations. Evaluation of gene expression profile changes that occur during exposure to antibiotics will continue to improve our understanding of the development of antibiotic resistance. C1 ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.0075 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 185VS UT WOS:000247739100007 PM 17600486 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Wineland, N Tankson, JD Barrett, JB Douris, A Gresham, CP Jackson-Hall, C McGlinchey, BM Price, MV AF Jackson, Charlene R. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Wineland, Nora Tankson, Jeanetta D. Barrett, John B. Douris, Aphrodite Gresham, Cheryl P. Jackson-Hall, Carolina McGlinchey, Beth M. Price, Maria Victoria TI Introduction to United States Department of Agriculture VetNet: Status of Salmonella and Campylobacter Databases from 2004 through 2005 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PULSENET; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM; JEJUNI; NARMS AB In 2003 the United States Department of Agriculture established USDA VetNet. it was modeled after PulseNet USA, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance. The objectives of USDA VetNet are: to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to subtype zoonotic pathogens submitted to the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS); examine VetNet and PulseNet PFGE patterns; and use the data for surveillance and investigation of suspected foodborne illness outbreaks. Whereas PulseNet subtypes 7 foodborne disease-causing bacteria-Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Yersinia pestis, and Vibrio cholerae-VetNet at present subtypes nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes and Campylobacter from animals, including diagnostic specimens, healthy farm animals, and carcasses of food-producing animals at slaughter. By the end of 2005, VetNet had two functioning databases: the NARMS Salmonella and the NARMS Campylobacter databases. The Salmonella database contained 6763 Salmonella isolates and 2514 unique XbaI patterns, while the Campylobacter database contained 58 Campylobacter isolates and 53 unique SmaI patterns. Both databases contain the PFGE tagged image file format (TIFF) images, demographic information, and the antimicrobial resistance profiles assigned by NARMS. In the future, veterinary diagnostic laboratories will be invited to participate in VetNet. The establishment of USDA VetNet enhances the mission of the agriculture and public health communities in the surveillance and investigation of foodborne illness outbreaks. C1 ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimocrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Microbial Outbreaks & Special Projects Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimocrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM paula.cray@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.0067 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 185VS UT WOS:000247739100013 PM 17600492 ER PT J AU Hanna, JW Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS McDonald, GI Moore, JA AF Hanna, J. W. Klopfenstein, N. B. Kim, M.-S. McDonald, G. I. Moore, J. A. TI Phylogeographic patterns of Armillaria ostoyae in the western United States SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; RNA GENE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; IDENTIFICATION; FUNGI AB Nuclear ribosomal DNA regions (i.e. large subunit, internal transcribed spacer, 5.8S and intergenic spacer) were sequenced using a direct-polymerase chain reaction method from Armillaria ostoyae genets collected from the western USA. Many of the A. ostoyae genets contained heterogeneity among rDNA repeats, indicating intragenomic variation and likely intraspecific hybridization. Intragenomic variation was verified by visually editing base-sequence offsets in regions with insertions/deletions, and using sequence-specific internal primers to resequence heterogeneous regions. Phylogenetic analyses with Bayesian Inference methods were used to define groups within A. ostoyae. Analysis of A. ostoyae from outside the western USA indicated the presence of a Circumboreal group of A. ostoyae that also occurs in Utah; two other phylogeographic groups were associated with the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions of the USA. Mixed sequence types, an indication of intraspecific hybrids, were common in some geographic regions. Hybridization events may have influenced species evolution, contributing to variation in pathogenicity and virulence. The occurrence of these groups and intraspecific hybrids also indicates that paleogeography and paleoclimate may have influenced the phylogeography of A. ostoyae. In addition, other Armillaria species were examined for evolutionary relationships with the groups of A. ostoyae. These findings will provide a basis for future research relating ecological function to genetic diversity within A. ostoyae. C1 US Forest Serv, RMRS, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, RMRS, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us NR 90 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 192 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00497.x PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 176ZP UT WOS:000247123700006 ER PT J AU Hennon, P Woodward, B Lebow, P AF Hennon, Paul Woodward, Bessie Lebow, Patricia TI Deterioration of wood from live and dead Alaska yellow-cedar in contact with soil SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; DECLINE; HEARTWOOD; TREES; RESISTANCE; CHEMISTRY; MORTALITY; STAIN AB The deterioration of heartwood from live and dead Alaska yellow-cedar trees was evaluated by exposing ministakes in soils at field sites in Alaska and Mississippi for 2 and 4 year intervals. Southern yellow pine sapwood served as a control. The vastly greater deterioration, as measured by weight loss, in Mississippi compared to Alaska (60 and 10 percent after 4 years, respectively) was attributed to warmer temperatures, a longer growing season, and perhaps the presence of termites. The wood from Alaska yellow-cedar trees dead 26 years did not differ in deterioration from the wood from live cedar trees, but wood from cedar trees dead 81 years experienced an intermediate deterioration between these classes and the pine controls. Slow changes in heartwood chemistry following tree death probably explain these differences for Alaska yellow-cedar. The results from this and several related studies indicate that heartwood from dead Alaska yellow-cedar trees is suitable for many indoor and outdoor applications long after tree death, but wood from live or dead cedar trees does not perform particularly well in contact with soil. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, State & Private Forestry, Juneau, AK USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hennon, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, State & Private Forestry, Juneau, AK USA. EM phennon@fs.fed.us; bwoodward@fs.fed.us; plebow@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 183IZ UT WOS:000247567800004 ER PT J AU Rappold, PM Bond, BH Wiedenbeck, JK Ese-Etame, R AF Rappold, Patrick M. Bond, Brian H. Wiedenbeck, Janice K. Ese-Etame, Roncs TI Impact of elliptical shaped red oak logs on lumber grade and volume recovery SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This research examined the grade and volume of lumber recovered from red oak logs with elliptical shaped cross sections. The volume and grade of lumber recovered from red oak logs with low (e <= 0.3) and high (e >= 0.4) degrees of ellipticity was measured at four hardwood sawmills. There was no significant difference (p = 0.57) in the percent of No. I Common and better grade lumber recovered between the two ellipticity classes across the four sawmills. Differences in the percent of lumber overrun was also found to not be significant (p = 0.61) between the two log ellipticity classes. Information collected for this research did illustrate that at several of the sawmills studied yield of lumber from highly elliptical logs could be improved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV USA. RP Rappold, PM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM prappold@vt.edu; bbond@vt.edu; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us; roncse@vt.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 183IZ UT WOS:000247567800011 ER PT J AU Espinoza, OA Bond, BH Loferski, JR AF Espinoza, Omar A. Bond, Brian H. Loferski, Joseph R. TI Equilibrium moisture content during storage, manufacturing, and shipping of Bolivian wood products SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB After lumber is kiln-dried it is important to keep its moisture content (MC) as close as possible to its target value during all stages of production to assure final product quality. Knowledge of climate conditions at all stages of the manufacturing process is essential to provide a good control of lumber MC. This study is the first step to provide Bolivian companies and institutions with information, currently not available, about the potential for moisture change during postdrying activities. The potential for MC gain/loss during processing and shipping was evaluated by monitoring temperature and relative humidity during lumber storage, manufacturing, and containerized transport. These values were then used to estimate the equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Readings were taken between August 2005 and March 2006 in three Bolivian manufacturing plants, located in regions representative of the different climate conditions in the country. Measurements were also taken in three containerized ocean shipments of wood products to the United States. Results show maximum/minimum differences throughout the months of the study of 3.8, 6.4, and 7.6 percent EMC for Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and La Paz, respectively. Average differences between storage and plant conditions ranged from 0 to 3.5 percent EMC in the plants where measurements were taken and were strongly influenced by the type of construction used. Average EMC values inside cargo containers reached 3 to 4 percent above the lumber MC for the routes investigated; packaging methods were found to influence conditions inside unit loads. The differences in EMC of the materials can lead to moisture-related problems during the manufacturing process and service. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Espinoza, OA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM oespin04@vt.edu; bbond@vt.edu; jloferski@vt.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 183IZ UT WOS:000247567800013 ER PT J AU Espinoza, OA Bond, BH Araman, P AF Espinoza, Omar A. Bond, Brian H. Araman, Philip TI A survey of Bolivian lumber drying operations SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Bolivian secondary forest products industry has experienced substantial growth during the last 10 years. Particularly, important investment has taken place in lumber drying capacity. Unfortunately, little information is available regarding lumber drying technology and practices used, which is essential for the formulation of improvement strategies. The Bolivian wood products industry was surveyed to determine lumber drying capacity, technology and practices. The information collected by the survey, I vas complemented by observations made during on-site visits to six lumber drying operations in Bolivia. Thirty-one companies were surveyed and 25 completed the questionnaires. Respondent companies represented 90 percent of the total estimated lumber drying capacity of Bolivia. Results show a total drying capacity of 6.1 million board feet and 167 kilns. Drying capacity was concentrated in a small number of companies and in the eastern region of the country. Technology and practices were highly variable, and standard drying schedules for commonly dried species were not used. Many of the kilns were locally made, and commercial kilns were mostly of European origin. Three species made up 60 percent of the total volume dried, and lumber usually entered the kilns green, with 70 percent of the companies drying more than three quarters of their material green-off-the-saw. Drying control methods were equally divided between electric probes and kiln samples; electric probes prevail among commercial kilns. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Sta, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Espinoza, OA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM oespin04@vt.edu; bbond@vt.edu; paraman@vt.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 183IZ UT WOS:000247567800014 ER PT J AU Roesch, FA AF Roesch, Francis A. TI The components of change for an annual forest inventory design SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sampling; forest change; volume growth ID HORIZONTAL POINT SAMPLES; BASAL AREA GROWTH; SURVIVOR GROWTH; ESTIMATORS; INGROWTH AB The sample design of the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) with respect to a three-dimensional population (forest area X time) of tree attributes is formally defined and evaluated. The definitions for both the traditional components of growth, as presented by Meyer (1953, Forest Mensuration), and a discrete analog to the time invariant redefinition of the components of change given by Eriksson (1995, Forest Sci. 41(4):796-822), are compared and contrasted. Special problems in the application of the traditional definitions due to the continuous and overlapping temporal intervals featured in the sample design are explored. This exploration supports a contention that the traditional definitions are at a theoretical disadvantage because they are not based purely on the population(s) of interest, while the redefinitions dubbed the components of change by Eriksson (1995) were based solely on population attributes. The temporally discrete analog to the Eriksson definitions are used in this article to define the three-dimensional populations in terms of a set of mutually exclusive component matrices that can be summed to represent the entire population, independently of the sample design. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Roesch, FA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM froesch@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 406 EP 413 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 181LL UT WOS:000247438100003 ER PT J AU Putz, FE Ewel, J Lugo, A AF Putz, Francis E. Ewel, Jack Lugo, Ariel TI Forest management versus forest degradation and destruction SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA Forest Serv, IITF, Jardin Bot Sur, San Juan, PR USA. RP Putz, FE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fep@botany.ufl.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 5 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174AZ UT WOS:000246914900012 ER PT J AU Lovett, GM Burns, DA Driscoll, CT Jenkins, JC Mitchell, MJ Rustad, L Shanley, JB Likens, GE Haeuber, R AF Lovett, Gary M. Burns, Douglas A. Driscoll, Charles T. Jenkins, Jennifer C. Mitchell, Myron J. Rustad, Lindsey Shanley, James B. Likens, Gene E. Haeuber, Richard TI Who needs environmental monitoring? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTHEASTERN USA; NEW-ENGLAND; PHASE-I; TRENDS; DEPOSITION; STREAMFLOW; EMISSIONS AB Environmental monitoring is often criticized as being unscientific, too expensive, and wasteful. While some monitoring studies do suffer from these problems, there are also many highly successful long-term monitoring programs that have provided important scientific advances and crucial information for environmental policy. Here, we discuss the characteristics of effective monitoring programs, and contend that monitoring should be considered a fundamental component of environmental science and policy. We urge scientists who develop monitoring programs to plan in advance to ensure high data quality, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, and we urge government agencies and other funding institutions to make greater commitments to increasing the amount and long-term stability of funding for environmental monitoring programs. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Cumberland, MD USA. US Geol Survey, Montpellier, France. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lovett, GM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. EM lovettg@ecostudies.org RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 41 TC 187 Z9 198 U1 14 U2 92 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[253:WNEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174AZ UT WOS:000246914900020 ER PT J AU Richards, CM Antolin, MF Reilley, A Poole, J Walters, C AF Richards, Christopher M. Antolin, Michael F. Reilley, Ann Poole, Jackie Walters, Christina TI Capturing genetic diversity of wild populations for ex situ conservation: Texas wild rice (Zizania texana) as a model SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE stratified sampling; allelic richness; conservation genetics; genetic structure; Zizania texana ID EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; SAMPLING STRATEGY; CORE COLLECTIONS; MARKERS; RICHNESS; SYSTEM; PLANTS AB Genebanks complement other conservation programs because they preserve genetic diversity needed for future breeding and restoration. We evaluated efficiency of capturing genetic diversity, using endangered Zizania texana (Texas wild rice) as a model for plants with recalcitrant seeds. This perennial aquatic grass is restricted to 4 km of the San Marcos River in Texas. An early conservation collection included plants from stands throughout the river, based on the assumption stands would be unique genotypes. Using microsatellite markers, we found that genetic diversity was concentrated in five of 15 large, demographically stable stands; 96 stands smaller than 2 m(2) contributed no unique alleles. High heterozygosity and few duplicate genotypes suggested that sexual reproduction occurs more often than presumed. Simulations of stratified sampling of large stands captured all alleles in only 45 individuals, while random sampling along the river captured much less diversity. The early conservation collection captured as much diversity as expected from random sampling. Texas wild rice stands resemble a mainland-island metapopulation; our analyses suggest that stratified sampling maximizes genetic diversity for this population dynamic. Demographic and genetic information is important for validating the design of efficient ex situ collections and guiding in situ conservation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Texas Pk & Wildlife, Austin, TX 78704 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Chris.Richards@colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 837 EP 848 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-9167-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 175IE UT WOS:000247006500014 ER PT J AU Camadro, EL Cauhepe, MA Simon, PW AF Camadro, E. L. Cauhepe, M. A. Simon, P. W. TI Geographical distribution of wild Daucus species in the natural grasslands of the Argentinian pampas SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE carrot; Daucus carota L; D montevidensis Link ex Sprengel; D pusillus Michx; wild species AB Three wild carrot species have been reported in the argentinian flora: Daucus montanus Humb. et Bonpl. ex Schult., D. montevidensis Link ex Sprengel and D. pusillus Michx. There is a discrepancy among authors about the distinctive morphological traits of the last two species; thus, it is difficult to ascertain if they are truly two distinct taxa. Based on the available literature and in the search of a paradigmatic site, four collection trips were carried out in 2004 and 2005 in Buenos Aires and Southern Entre Rios provinces. Populations were sampled at 30 sites, and local environmental parameters and associated plant species were recorded. Morphological observations and chromosome counts were carried out on 10 plants/population. Three morphological phenotypes were distinguished: one in 18 populations, all with 2n = 2x = 18, and two in the remaining 12, with 2n = 2x = 22 or aneusomaty (2n = 2x = 20, 22). Populations of the first phenotype were assigned to wild D. carota and the rest, tentatively, to D. pusillus (D. montevidensis?), till further evaluations are carried out in test sites to verify this tentative conclusion. C1 UNMdP, Fac Ciencias Agr, INTA, EEA Balcarce, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Camadro, EL (reprint author), UNMdP, Fac Ciencias Agr, INTA, EEA Balcarce, CC 276, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. EM ecamadro@balcarce.inta.gov.ar NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-9162-9 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 175IE UT WOS:000247006500016 ER PT J AU Luo, ZW Potokina, E Druka, A Wise, R Waugh, R Kearsey, MJ AF Luo, Z. W. Potokina, E. Druka, A. Wise, R. Waugh, R. Kearsey, M. J. TI SFP genotyping from Affymetrix arrays is robust but largely detects cis-acting expression regulators SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-FEATURE POLYMORPHISMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; GENOMICS; YEAST; MODEL; ARABIDOPSIS; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; MOUSE AB The recent development of Affymetrix chips designed from assembled EST sequences has spawned considerable interest in identifying single-feature polymorphisms (SFPs) from transcriptome data. SFPs are valuable genetic markers that potentially offer a physical link to the structural genes themselves. However, most current SFP prediction methodologies were developed for sequenced species although SFPs are particularly valuable for species with complex and unsequenced genomes. To establish the sensitivity and specificity of prediction, we explored four methods for identifying SFPs from experiments involving two tissues in two commercial barleys and their doubled-haploid progeny. The methods were compared in terms of numbers of SFPs predicted and their ability to identify known sequence polymorphisms in the features, to confirm existing SNP genotypes and to match existing maps and individual haplotypes. We identified >4000 separate SFPs that accurately predicted the SNP genotype of >98% of the doubled-haploid (DH) lines. They were highly enriched for features containing sequence polymorphisms but all methods uniformly identified a majority of SFPs (similar to 64%) in features for which there was no sequence polymorphism while 5% mapped to different locations, indicating that "SFPs" mainly represent polymorphism in cis-acting regulators. All methods are efficient and robust at predicting markers for gene mapping. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. Fudan Univ, Lab Populat & Quantitat Genet, Dept Biostat, Sch Life Sci,Inst Biomed Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kearsey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM m.j.kearsey@bham.ac.uk RI Druka, Arnis/E-9701-2011; Potokina, Elena/B-1211-2014 NR 27 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 176 IS 2 BP 789 EP 800 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.067843 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 187TF UT WOS:000247870700007 PM 17409081 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Swartout, EJ Hampton, DD Draney, ML Chu, J Marshall, JL Howard, DJ AF Britch, Seth C. Swartout, Emma J. Hampton, Daniel D. Draney, Michael L. Chu, Jiming Marshall, Jeremy L. Howard, Daniel J. TI Genetic architecture of conspecific sperm precedence in Allonemobius fasciatus and A-socius SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC HYBRID ZONE; GROUND CRICKETS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SEXUAL CONFLICT; FLOUR BEETLES; FERTILIZATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SPECIATION; TRAITS AB The evolution of barriers to gene exchange is centrally important to speciation. We used the crickets Allonemobius fasciatus and A. socius to investigate the genetic architecture of conspecific sperm precedence (CSP), a postinsemination prezygotic reproductive barrier. With amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and controlled crosses we constructed linkage rnaps and estimated positions of QTL associated with CSP. The majority of QTL have low to moderate effects, although a few QTL exist in A. socius with large effects, and the numbers of QTL are comparable to numbers of genes accounting for species differences in other studies. The QTL are spread across many unlinked markers, yet QTL placed with linked markers are on a small number of linkage groups that could reflect the role of the large Allonemobius sex chromosome in prezygotic isolation. Although man), QTL had positive effects on conspecific sperm utilization several QTL also exerted negative effects, which could be explained by intraspecific sexual conflict, sperm competition, or epistasis of introgressed genes on novel backgrounds. One unexpected outcome was that A. socius CSP alleles have a stronger effect than those from A. fasciatus in hybrid females, causing hybrids to behave like A. socius with regard to sperm Utilization. Implications of this asymmetry in the Allonemobius hybrid zone are discussed. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. Dona Ana Branch Community Coll, Occupat Hlth Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM seth.britch@ars.usda.gov RI Marshall, Jeremy/D-1436-2013 NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 176 IS 2 BP 1209 EP 1222 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.064949 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 187TF UT WOS:000247870700039 PM 17435237 ER PT J AU Singh, RJ Chung, GH Nelson, RL AF Singh, R. J. Chung, G. H. Nelson, R. L. TI Landmark research in legumes SO GENOME LA English DT Review DE Fabaceae; grain legumes; Soybean; groundnut; pulse crops; forage legumes; protein revolution; gene pools; genome sequencing ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CORE COLLECTION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; PRIMARY TRISOMICS; L.; GENOME; CHROMOSOMES; RESOURCES AB Legumes are members of the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae and include economically important grain legumes, oilseed crops, forage crops, shrubs, and tropical or subtropical trees. Legumes are a rich source of quality protein for humans and animals. They also enrich the soil by producing their own nitrogen in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. International centers and national institutes collect, maintain, distribute, and produce high-yielding legumes (grain-pulses, oilseeds, forages, nutraceuticals, medicinal shrubs, and trees). Legume breeders are confined within the primary gene pools (GP-1) in their varietal improvement programs and have not exploited secondary gene pools (GP-2), tertiary gene pools (GP-3), or quaternary gene pools (GP-4). Legumes are also an excellent source of timber, medicine, nutraceuticals, tannins, gums, insecticides, resins, varnish, paints, dyes, and eco-friendly by-products such as soy diesel. Three forage crops, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Trifolium pratense, are model legumes for phylogenetic studies and genome sequencing. This paper concludes that a "protein revolution" is needed to meet the protein demands of the world. C1 Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARA,Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet R, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Choongnam 550749, South Korea. RP Singh, RJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARA,Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet R, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ramsingh@uiuc.edu NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1139/G07-037 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 197YJ UT WOS:000248593000001 PM 17632574 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Malkus, A Zuzga, SM Chang, PFL Cunfer, BM Arseniuk, E Ueng, PP AF Wang, Chih-Li Malkus, Arkadiusz Zuzga, Sabina M. Chang, Pi-Fang Linda Cunfer, Barry M. Arseniuk, Edward Ueng, Peter P. TI Diversity of the trifunctional histidine biosynthesis gene (his) in cereal Phaeosphaeria species SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE barley; wheat; Phaeosphaeria; trifunctional histidine biosynthesis gene; meiotic recombination; Stagonospora leaf blotch ID MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION HOTSPOTS; ANAMORPH STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; SMALL-GRAIN CEREALS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SEPTORIA DISEASES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AB Phaeosphaeria species are important causal agents of Stagonospora leaf blotch diseases in cereals. In this study, the nucleotide sequence and deduced polypeptide of the trifunctional histidine biosynthesis gene (his) are used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and provide molecular identification among cereal Phaeosphaeria species. The full-length sequences of the his gene were obtained by PCR amplification and compared among cereal Phaeosphaeria species. The coding sequence of the his gene in wheat-biotype P. nodorum (PN-w) was 2697 bp. The his genes in barley-biotype P. nodorum (PN-b), two P. avenaria f. sp. triticea isolates (homothallic Pat1 and Pat3), and Phaeosphaeria species from Polish rye and dallis grass were 2694 bp. The his gene in heterothallic isolate Pat2, however, was 2693 bp because the intron had one fewer base. In P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria (Paa), the his gene was only 2670 bp long. The differences in the size of the his gene contributed to the variation in amino acid sequences in the gap region located between the phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase and histidinol dehydrogenase sub-domains. Based on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the his gene, Pat1 was not closely related to either PN-w or the Paa clade. It appears that rates of evolution of the his gene were fast in cereal Phaeosphaeria species. The possible involvement of meiotic recombination in genetic diversity of the his gene in P. nodorum is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Inst, Fengshan Trop Hort Expt Stn, Dept Plant Protect, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan. Plant Breeding & Acclimitizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. Agr Univ Warsaw, Dept Plant Genet Breeding & Biotechnol, Warsaw, Poland. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM uengp@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 595 EP 609 DI 10.1139/G07-038 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 197YJ UT WOS:000248593000008 PM 17632581 ER PT J AU Chen, X Tu, C Burton, MG Watson, DM Burkey, KO Hu, SJ AF Chen, Xin Tu, Cong Burton, Michael G. Watson, Dorothy M. Burkey, Kent O. Hu, Shuijin TI Plant nitrogen acquisition and interactions under elevated carbon dioxide: impact of endophytes and mycorrhizae SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; endophyte; Festuca arundinacea; mycorrhizae; N-15 tracer; plant N acquisition; Plantago lanceolata ID TALL-FESCUE ENDOPHYTE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB Both endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi interact with plants to form symbiosis in which the fungal partners rely on, and sometimes compete for, carbon (C) sources from their hosts. Changes in photosynthesis in host plants caused by atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment may, therefore, influence those mutualistic interactions, potentially modifying plant nutrient acquisition and interactions with other coexisting plant species. However, few studies have so far examined the interactive controls of endophytes and mycorrhizae over plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Using Festuca arundinacea Schreb and Plantago lanceolata L. as model plants, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 on mycorrhizae and endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) and plant nitrogen (N) acquisition in two microcosm experiments, and determined whether and how mycorrhizae and endophytes mediate interactions between their host plant species. Endophyte-free and endophyte-infected F. arundinacea varieties, P. lanceolata L., and their combination with or without mycorrhizal inocula were grown under ambient (400 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated CO2 (ambient + 330 mu mol mol(-1)). A N-15 isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhiza-mediated plant acquisition of N from soil. Elevated CO2 stimulated the growth of P. lanceolata greater than F. arundinacea, increasing the shoot biomass ratio of P. lanceolata to F. arundinacea in all the mixtures. Elevated CO2 also increased mycorrhizal root colonization of P. lanceolata, but had no impact on that of F. arundinacea. Mycorrhizae increased the shoot biomass ratio of P. lanceolata to F. arundinacea under elevated CO2. In the absence of endophytes, both elevated CO2 and mycorrhizae enhanced N-15 and total N uptake of P. lanceolata but had either no or even negative effects on N acquisition of F. arundinacea, altering N distribution between these two species in the mixture. The presence of endophytes in F. arundinacea, however, reduced the CO2 effect on N acquisition in P. lanceolata, although it did not affect growth responses of their host plants to elevated CO2. These results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi and endophytes might interactively affect the responses of their host plants and their coexisting species to elevated CO2. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Hu, SJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Shuijin_hu@ncsu.edu RI Tu, Cong/H-9750-2013 NR 61 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 65 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1238 EP 1249 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01347.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178NB UT WOS:000247226300012 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Mitchell, AD AF Rosebrough, R. W. Mitchell, A. D. TI Growth characteristics of the ross 708 broiler chicken SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE chicken; growth; gene expression; metabolism ID CALORIE-PROTEIN RATIO; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; RESIDUAL FOOD-INTAKE; EGG-LAYING LINES; BODY-COMPOSITION; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; INVITRO LIPOGENESIS; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; MALIC ENZYME AB A growth trial was conducted with the Ross 708 broiler chicken to corroborate the relationships between changes in the growth curve (7 to 35 days) and in vitro metabolic parameters. These in vitro parameters also included estimates of the expression of certain genes regulating proteins implicated with regulation of lipogenesis. Birds were fed diets containing 24% protein from 0 to 14 days of age, 21% from 14 to 26 days of age and 18% protein until 35 days of age. Birds were selected and killed at ages corresponding to protein changes. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to approximate body composition of birds at day 35. The switch from the starter protein level of 24% crude protein to the only slightly lower protein grower diet (21% crude protein) increased both in vitro lipogenesis and malic enzyme activity. A similar observation was noted when the birds were switched to the 18% crude protein finisher diet. These same switches also elicited initial increases in malic enzyme, fatty acids synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase gene expression that were not sustained following adaptation to the dietary change. Data also show that DXA can be used to estimate body composition of this type of bird. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), Bldg 200 Rm 212, BARC-EAST, 10300 Baltimor Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU GROWTH PUBLISHING CO INC PI HULLS COVE PA PO BOX 205, HULLS COVE, ME 04644-0205 USA SN 1041-1232 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SUM PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 210SR UT WOS:000249476400001 PM 18038926 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Wall, RJ AF Mitchell, A. D. Wall, R. J. TI In vivo evaluation of changes in body composition of Transgenic mice expressing the myostatin pro domain using dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE body composition; bone mineral; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); transgenic mice; myostatin ID DEFICIENT MICE; MUSCLE; GROWTH; CATTLE; ADIPOGENESIS; MUTATIONS; PRECISION; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; KNOCKOUT AB Over expression of the pro domain of myostatin (MLC-pro) interferes with myostatin function, thus promoting muscle growth. The purpose of this study was to use dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to monitor, in vivo, the course of changes in body composition of control and MLC-pro transgenic (TG) mice between 10 and 91 days of age. MLC-pro TG (n = 32) and littermate control (n = 28) mice were produced by mating G-3 male TG mice with non-TG females. At days 10, 20 and weekly thereafter to day 62, and finally at day 91, the mice were anesthetized and scanned by DXA. By day 34, the body weight of the male TG mice was more than that of the control mice and was accompanied by a larger lean mass (LM) and a lower percentage of fat (%F) (P<0.05). At day 91, the male TG mice had 15.6% greater body weight, 19.4% more LM, 22.4% lower %F, 11.5% more bone mineral, and 4.4% higher bone density (P<0.05). The lower %F in the TG mice was due mainly to an increase in LM, rather than reduced FM. Measurements of the TG female mice were not different (P>0.05) from those of control female mice. A region-of-interest analysis was used to provide a separate measure of the hind limb. By using DXA, this study determined the onset and degree of differences in body composition of MLC-pro TG and littermate control mice. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200 Rm 205, BARC-EAST, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mitchell@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU GROWTH PUBLISHING CO INC PI HULLS COVE PA PO BOX 205, HULLS COVE, ME 04644-0205 USA SN 1041-1232 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SUM PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 210SR UT WOS:000249476400003 PM 18038928 ER PT J AU Chen, CT Wang, SY Wang, CY AF Chen, Chi-Tsun Wang, Shiow Y. Wang, Chien Y. TI 3Effect of UV-C irradiation on nutraceuticals in blueberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 429 EP 429 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600003 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Artlip, TS Richart, GA Wisniewski, ME Farrell, RE AF Bassett, Carole L. Artlip, Timothy S. Richart, Gregory A. Wisniewski, Michael E. Farrell, Robert E., Jr. TI Transcript initiation in three peach (Prunus persica L. batsch.) dehydrins: Tissue specificity differences in two promoters SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600020 ER PT J AU Boyer, CR Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Gallagher, TV Torbert, HA Sibley, JL AF Boyer, Cheryl R. Fain, Glenn B. Gilliam, Charles H. Gallagher, Thomas V. Torbert, H. Allen Sibley, Jeff L. TI Clean chip residual suhstrate for container-grown perennials: Effect of supplemental nitrogen rates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 439 EP 439 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600051 ER PT J AU Waters, J Bang, H Davis, A Leskovar, D King, S AF Waters, Jennifer Bang, Haejeen Davis, Angela Leskovar, Daniel King, Stephen TI Semi-quantitative measurement of carotenoid development in four watermelon colors: A discussion of the impact of ploidy and other genetic factors SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK USA. VFIC, Dept Hort Sci, TAES, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 439 EP 439 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600050 ER PT J AU Sagaram, M Lombardini, L Grauke, LJ AF Sagaram, Madhulika Lombardini, Leonardo Grauke, L. J. TI Variation in ecophysiological traits of Mexican pecan provenances SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 440 EP 440 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600054 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Gergerich, RC Susaimuthu, J Tzanetakis, IE AF Martin, Robert R. Gergerich, Rose C. Susaimuthu, James Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. TI Virus diseases of blackberry and raspberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Cornell, NY USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Susaimuthu, James/A-8689-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 441 EP 442 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600062 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Cane, JH Knight, PR AF Sampson, Blair J. Cane, James H. Knight, Patricia R. TI The blueberry orchard bee SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Res Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600070 ER PT J AU Hesselein, C Boyd, D AF Hesselein, Charles Boyd, David TI Biology and control of the strawberry rootworm in container-grown ornamental crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mobile Ornamental Hort Res Ctr, Mobile, AL 36689 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600078 ER PT J AU Clark, JR Perkins-Veazie, P AF Clark, John R. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope TI Improving shelf life of blackberries through conventional breeding SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600083 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Fish, WW Perkins-Veazie, P Levi, A King, S AF Davis, Angela R. Fish, Wayne W. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Levi, Amnon King, Stephen TI Carotenoid analysis using the puree absorbance method for germplasm screening SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Texas A&M Univ, VFIC, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600084 ER PT J AU Wechter, P Levi, A Kluepfel, D Presting, G AF Wechter, Patrick Levi, Amnon Kluepfel, Daniel Presting, Gernot TI Microarray analysis: Uses and limitations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Resource Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 447 EP 447 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600086 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Levi, A Davis, A Fei, Z Hernandez, A Thimmapuram, J Dang, P Katzir, N Tadmor, K Giovannoni, J AF Wechter, W. P. Levi, A. Davis, A. Fei, Z. Hernandez, A. Thimmapuram, J. Dang, P. Katzir, N. Tadmor, K. Giovannoni, J. TI Analysis of genes expressed during the development and ripening of watermelon fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, NPRL, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Agr Res Org, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 447 EP 447 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600087 ER PT J AU Evans, WB Hudson, PM Paridon, KL AF Evans, W. B. Hudson, P. M. Paridon, K. L. TI Starch biosynthesis and genetic modifications of starch in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) storage roots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alcorn State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol & Genom, Alcorn, MS 39096 USA. US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600101 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM AF Jackson, D. Michael TI Assessment of procedures to quantify insect damage on sweetpotato roots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600106 ER PT J AU Teow, CC Truong, VD Thompson, RL McFeeters, RF Pecota, K Yencho, GC AF Teow, C. C. Truong, V. D. Thompson, R. L. McFeeters, R. F. Pecota, K. Yencho, G. C. TI Anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of purple-fleshed sweetpotato collections SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 451 EP 451 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600105 ER PT J AU Harrison, H Mitchell, TR Peterson, JK Snook, ME Wechter, WP AF Harrison, H. F., Jr. Mitchell, T. R. Peterson, J. K. Snook, M. E. Wechter, W. P. TI Content and potential biological activity of dicaffeoylquinic acids in sweetpotato storage roots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Univ Georgia, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 452 EP 452 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600109 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Fish, WW Perkins-Veazie, P Levi, A King, SR AF Davis, Angela R. Fish, Wayne W. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Levi, Amnon King, Stephen R. TI Carotenoid analysis using the puree absorbance method for germplasm screening SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Texas A&M Univ, VFIC, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600112 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Adkins, S Roberts, PD Hassell, R AF Kousik, C. S. Adkins, S. Roberts, P. D. Hassell, Richard TI Evaluation of commercial watermelon rootstocks for tolerance to Phytophthora blight and watermelon vine decline SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, SWFREC, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. Clemson Univ, CREC, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 453 EP 454 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600115 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Adkins, S Roberts, PD AF Kousik, C. S. Adkins, S. Roberts, P. D. TI Tolerance of select watermelon plant introductions (PI) to watermelon vine decline in Florida SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, SWFREC, Immokalee, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600114 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Levi, A Simmons, AM Hassell, R Shepard, BM AF Kousik, C. S. Levi, A. Simmons, A. M. Hassell, R. Shepard, B. M. TI Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) infestation and injury in watermelon and potential sources of resistance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Clemson Univ, CREC, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600113 ER PT J AU Boyer, CR Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Gallagher, TV Torbert, HA Sibley, JL AF Boyer, Cheryl R. Fain, Glenn B. Gilliam, Charles H. Gallagher, Thomas V. Torbert, H. Allen Sibley, Jeff L. TI Evaluation of clean chip residual and composted poultry litter as a growth substrate for container-grown lantana camara SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 454 EP 455 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600120 ER PT J AU King, S Davis, A AF King, Stephen Davis, Angela TI Hot topics for watermelon research: A survey of the industry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600119 ER PT J AU LaMolinare, B Isakeit, T Davis, A Liu, W King, S AF LaMolinare, Bubba Isakeit, Tom Davis, Angela Liu, Wenge King, Stephen TI Adding value to grafted watermelon: Novel benefits and potential pitfalls SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Cooperat Extens, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Zhengzhou Fruit Res Inst, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600116 ER PT J AU Levi, A Simmons, A Lopez, R Kousik, C Shepard, BM Jackson, M Harrison, H Edelstein, M Palevsky, E Mansour, F Lewinshon, E Tadmor, K AF Levi, A. Simmons, A. Lopez, R. Kousik, C. Shepard, B. M. Jackson, M. Harrison, H. Edelstein, M. Palevsky, E. Mansour, F. Lewinshon, E. Tadmor, K. TI Resistance of Citrullus colocynthis to whiteflies and spidermites SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Agr Res Org, Ramat Yishay, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600117 ER PT J AU Levi, A Davis, A Wechter, P Hernandez, A Thimmapuram, J AF Levi, Amnon Davis, Angela Wechter, Pat Hernandez, Alvaro Thimmapuram, Jyothi TI Developing expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) for watermelon fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Ctr Biotechnol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600118 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA AF Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Genetic diversity estimates and DNA fingerprint database for crapemyrtle cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 455 EP 456 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600125 ER PT J AU Makus, DJ Jifon, JL AF Makus, D. J. Jifon, J. L. TI Impact of weed barriers on newly planted peach trees SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78956 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 456 EP 457 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600130 ER PT J AU McCall-Thomas, C Clark, JR Perkins-Veazie, P AF McCall-Thomas, Colleen Clark, John R. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope TI Postharvest evaluations comparing primocane- and floricane-fruiting blackberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 456 EP 456 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600127 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM Brockington, J AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Bradford, Joe M. Brockington, Jim TI Flowering and fruiting in olives under mild winters of coastal texas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 457 EP 457 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600133 ER PT J AU Stringer, HJ Gray, DJ Spiers, JM AF Stringer, Hen J. Gray, Dennis J. Spiers, James M. TI 'Eudora', a new fresh-market muscadine grape cultivar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 458 EP 458 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600137 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Knight, PR Cane, JH Spiers, JM AF Sampson, Blair J. Knight, Patricia R. Cane, James H. Spiers, James M. TI Foraging behavior, pollinator effectiveness, and management potential of the new world squash bees peponapis pruinosa and xenoglossa strentia (Apidae : Eucerini) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Res Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 459 EP 459 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600143 ER PT J AU Jifon, JL Lester, GE AF Jifon, John L. Lester, Gene E. TI Supplemental foliar potassium fertilization enhances fruit quality and phytochemical content of muskmelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, Fruit & Vegetable Improvement Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 460 EP 460 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600146 ER PT J AU Jones, KD Reed, SM AF Jones, Keri D. Reed, Sandra M. TI Analysis of ploidy level and its effects on guard cell length, pollen diameter, and fertility in Hydrangea macrophylla SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDS AB Ploidy level was estimated in Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb) Ser. using flow cytometry. For H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla, 42 diploid and 19 triploid cultivars were identified. All 14 H. macrophylla ssp. serrata (Thunb.) Makino cultivars tested were diploids. Somatic chromosome counts confirmed the ploidy of three diploid (211 = 2x = 36) and three triploid (2n = 3x = 54) cultivars. Stomatal guard cell length and pollen diameter of H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla diploid cultivars were smaller than those of triploid cultivars. However, because the range of measurements for the diploids overlapped that of the triploids, neither guard cell nor pollen measurements are recommended for determining ploidy of H. inacrophylla cultivars. Fertility was estimated using pollen staining and controlled pollinations. Stainable pollen for triploid cultivars averaged 63% and ranged from 25% in 'Masja' to 85% in 'Marechal Foch'. Viable seed was obtained when four triploid cultivars were used as pistillate or staminate parents in controlled pollinations to diploid H. macrophylla ssp. inacrophylla cultivars. A bimodal distribution of pollen sizes, which is suggestive of unreduced gamete production, was observed in one cultivar; however, more detailed genetic and cytologic studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism behind triploid formation in H. macrophylla taxa. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Otitis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum,Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Otitis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum,Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM sreed@blomand.net NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600153 ER PT J AU Black, BL Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Black, Brent L. Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. TI Foliar applications of GA(4+7) reduce flowering in highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLIC-ACID; BUD DEVELOPMENT; APPLE; FRUIT; GROWTH; INHIBITION; DENSITIES AB Precocious varieties of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) may overcrop during the first few seasons in the fruiting field, adversely affecting plant establishment. Reducing or preventing bloom in the nursery and during establishment would be beneficial in preventing early cropping and reducing the risk of infection by pollenborne viruses. We investigated the efficacy of foliar applications of GA(4+7) for suppressing flower bud initiation in blueberry. One-year-old rooted cuttings of 'Bluecrop' were obtained from a commercial nursery and established in 11-L pots at the Philip E. Marucci Blueberry and Cranberry Research Center, Chatsworth, N.J. Three separate experiments were conducted over three seasons with 'Bluecrop' (and 'Duke' in 2005) highbush blueberry where foliar applications of GA(4+7) were made at concentrations ranging from 50 to 400 mg(.)L(-1) a.i., with timing treatments ranging from 7 July to 15 Sept., with 10 replicate plants per treatment. Floral and vegetative buds were counted the following spring. In the first study, the greatest degree of flower bud suppression resulted from applications at 400 mg-L` repeated weekly from 7 July to 1 Sept. However, these treatments also reduced total vegetative bud number and plant height. In the two subsequent studies, the largest treatment effect resulted from three weekly applications in late August and early September, where flower bud numbers were suppressed by 70% to 85% for 'Bluecrop' and 95% for 'Duke' while total vegetative growth was unaffected. C1 Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Rutgers State Univ, USDA ARS, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatswood, NJ 08019 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blackb@ext.usu.edu RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600167 ER PT J AU Narciso, JA Baldwin, EA Plotto, A Ference, CM AF Narciso, J. A. Baldwin, E. A. Plotto, A. Ference, C. M. TI Preharvest peroxyacetic acid sprays slow decay and extend shelf life of strawberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; FRUIT; CHITOSAN; ANTIFUNGAL AB Strawberry is an important fruit crop in Florida. Yearly losses can be attributed to pre- and postharvest decay incited by Botrytis cinerea P. Micheli ex Pers. and postharvest decay resulting from primarily Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuillemin. In this study, the sanitizer peroxyacetic acid (100 mu L.L-1) was sprayed on flowers and developing strawberries 1, 2, and 3 d preharvest. Most of the time, fruit sprayed 3 days before harvest had significantly less decay than fruit sprayed 1 day preharvest or not sprayed when stored at 18 degrees C. Strawberries sprayed in the field with peroxyacetic acid and then coated postharvest with 1% chitosan coating had reduced decay compared with fruit only treated preharvest with peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for up to 12 days in storage. Sensitivity of B. cinerea hyphae and conidia to PAA was shown by the presence of a zone of inhibition using the disc assay method. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Narciso, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jan@citrus.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 617 EP 621 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600178 ER PT J AU Fery, RL AF Fery, Richard L. TI 'GreenPack-DG', a pinkeye-type southernpea with an enhanced persistent green seed phenotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM RLFery@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 692 EP 693 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600192 ER PT J AU Mou, B AF Mou, Beiquan TI Leafminer-resistant spinach germplasm 03-04-9 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIRIOMYZA-TRIFOLII DIPTERA; AGROMYZIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 699 EP 700 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600195 ER PT J AU Mou, B Hayes, RJ Ryder, EJ AF Mou, Beiquan Hayes, Ryan J. Ryder, Edward J. TI Crisphead lettuce breeding lines with resistance to corky root and lettuce mosaic virus SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ICEBERG LETTUCE; INHERITANCE C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 701 EP 703 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167MU UT WOS:000246456600196 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Nelson, SO AF Kandala, C. V. K. Nelson, Stuart O. TI RF impedance method for estimating moisture content in small samples of in-shell peanuts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Methods for Uncertainty Estimation CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Sardegna, ITALY SP IEEE DE capacitance; moisture content (MC); nondestructive; parallel plates; peanut pods; phase angle; RF impedance ID SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB Control of moisture content (MC) in peanuts is important in preserving quality and preventing spoilage in post- harvest peanuts. Rapid means of MC determination is therefore necessary during the drying of freshly harvested peanuts and, thereafter, during storage, marketing, and processing. Current practice requires the shelling and cleaning of peanut samples for moisture measurements on kernels in commercial moisture meters. New research has shown that MC can be determined nondestructively by RF impedance measurements on a parallel-plate capacitor containing small samples (seven or eight pods), thus rapidly providing results within 1% MC of the reference standard oven MC on 70%-100% of the pods over the moisture range from 5% to 23% MC. Moisture contents are predicted by computer calculation from capacitance and phase angle measurements at three frequencies of 1, 5, and 9 MHz, with an equation relating MC to differences in capacitance and phase angle at the three frequencies and empirically determined calibration constants. A practical instrument using these principles would be useful in drying, storage, marketing, and processing of peanuts. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM ckandala@nprl.usda.gov; sonelson@qaru.usda.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.894796 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 169KJ UT WOS:000246590800034 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Akin, DE Wartelle, LH Annis, PA AF Marshall, Wayne E. Akin, Danny E. Wartelle, Lynda H. Annis, Patricia A. TI Citric acid treatment of flax, cotton and blended nonwoven mats for copper ion absorption SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE flax; flax/cotton blends; cotton; citric acid treatment; nonwoven mats AB The removal of metal ions from polluted water and wastewater with biodegradable, natural products is an area of current interest in the environmental arena. The objective of this study is to determine whether nonwoven mats made of biodegradable, natural fibers of flax and cotton can be used for remediation of a ubiquitous pollutant of water and wastewater, namely, copper ion. Nonwoven mats manufactured with flax or cotton fiber and flax/cotton fiber blends were treated with citric acid in order to enhance the amount of negative charge on the mats and improve their ability to sequester copper ion. The treated mats were monitored for changes in copper ion adsorption and fabric strength and compared to non-treated mats and process control mats. The results show that mats made from 100% flax and 75%/25% flax/cotton blends were similar to each other and significantly better at copper ion absorption than 100% cotton or 50%150% flax/cotton blended nonwoven mats. Citric acid treatment, however, diminished mat strength compared to untreated mats for all samples; strength was similar for all treated nonwoven mats after correction for variable mat thickness. Treated flax fiber mats and flax/cotton fiber mats represent a potentially fast and convenient method for removal of metal ions from water and wastewater streams at an approximate cost of $1.40/m(2) of mat. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, RB Russell Res tr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, RB Russell Res tr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.12.011 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 171JP UT WOS:000246732400002 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Liu, CK Evangelista, R Liu, LS Cermak, SC Hojilla-Evangelista, M Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, Victoria L. Liu, Cheng-Kung Evangelista, Roque Liu, LinShu Cermak, Steven C. Hojilla-Evangelista, Milagros Willett, J. L. TI Poly(lactic acid) green composites using oilseed coproducts as fillers SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE green composites; poly(lactic acid); biobased polymers; alternate oilseed crops ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NATURAL FIBERS; BLENDS; STARCH; OIL AB Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biodegradable polymer made from renewable resources with similar mechanical properties to polypropylene. PLA is more expensive than petroleum-based plastics, and the use of low-cost fillers as extenders is desirable. Agricultural coproducts of the alternative oilseed crops, cuphea (C), lesquerella (L) and milkweed (M), were collected after the oil was recovered. PLA and various levels of coproduct (0-45%, w/w) were compounded by twin-screw extrusion and injection molded. As coproduct content increased, tensile strength for all PLA composites decreased consistent with the Nicolais-Narkis model. PLA-C exhibited increased stiffness. In contrast, the modulus of PLA-M and PLA-L decreased slightly. Unexpectedly, PLA-M showed extensive stress-cracking under tensile stress and exhibited an elongation value 50-200% greater than the PLA control. Acoustic emission showed ductile behavior of the PLA-M composite. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Finkenstadt, VL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM FINKENVL@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.01.003 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 171JP UT WOS:000246732400005 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF Holser, RA AF Vaughn, Steven F. Holser, Ronald A. TI Evaluation of biodiesels from several oilseed sources as environmental friendly contact herbicides SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; herbicides; turfgrass ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; OIL; PHYTOTOXICITY; MANAGEMENT AB Postemergence contact herbicidal activities of biodiesels from several oilseed sources were examined for potential use to control broadleaf weeds in turfgrasses. Cuphea, lesquerella, meadowfoam, milkweed and soybean oils were applied as I and 2% (v/v) aqueous emulsions plus a nonionic surfactant to 2-week-old seedlings of perennial ryegrass, velvetleaf and sicklepod in the greenhouse. All five biodiesels were more phytotoxic to sicklepod and velvetleaf than to perennial ryegrass. Several different surfactants were tested together as emulsions with 1% soybean biodiesel, with Triton X-100 being the most effective. These results indicate that biodiesels may be useful as environmental friendly contact herbicides in turfgrasses, as there are few contact herbicides options available for the homeowner market which will not cause turf injury. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vaughn, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM vaughnsf@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.01.005 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 171JP UT WOS:000246732400008 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA AF Kenar, James A. TI Direct determination of the lipid content in starch-lipid composites by time-domain NMR SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance; low resolution NMR; pulsed NMR; spin-spin relaxation; starch; vegetable oil; starch-lipid composites; excess steam jet cooking ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; STEAM JET COOKING; WATER; OIL; RELAXATION; FILMS; GELS AB Starch-lipid composites, prepared by excess steam jet cooking aqueous mixtures of starch and lipid, are used in a broad range of applications for which their performance can depend upon accurately knowing the amount of the lipid contributed by the composites. A rapid and non-destructive method based on time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (TD-NMR) was evaluated to quantitate soybean oil (SBO) or butterfat (BF) content in a series of dried starch-lipid composites. Transverse hydrogen relaxation (71,) properties of thc composites were examined using Carr, Purcell, Mieboom, Gill (CPMG) pulse experiments and multiexponential decay fitting routines were utilized to evaluate the various components. Spin-echo TD-NMR experiments were used to quantitate the amount of lipid in the composites and agreed well with lipid extraction experiments (R-2 = 0.998). Moisture levels in the composites were also simultaneously determined and compared reasonably well to moisture levels determined gravimetrically (R-2 = 0.881). TD-NMR was shown to be a rapid method to determine lipid and moisture content in these starch-lipid composites without the need for labor intensive extraction and gravimetric methods currently employed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenarja@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.01.008 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 171JP UT WOS:000246732400010 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC John, AL Evangelista, RL AF Cermak, Steven C. John, Amber L. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Enrichment of decanoic acid in cuphea fatty acids by molecular distillation SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE centrifugal molecular distillation; cuphea fatty acids; decanoic acid; distillation; molecular distillation; octanoic acid ID CENTRIFUGAL AB The introduction of a new crop often requires the development of new products and purification techniques of either the oil or fatty acids. Most new crops enter the cosmetic market first due to their high rates of return. However, the cosmetic market often demands highly pure and colorless materials. A molecular distillation unit is a powerful method of separation; separation occurs at extremely low pressures, and therefore at reduced temperatures compared with normal distillations and makes it very suitable for cuphea germplasm line PSR-23 (C. lanceolta x C. viscosissima) fatty acids. Refined cuphea fatty acids, which are mainly short-chain saturated fatty acids such as decanoic acid (C-10), were distilled using a lab-scale centrifugal molecular distillation unit to yield a distillate that was colorless (Gardner color= 1-). The optimal distillation conditions were explored by varying the rotor temperature and flow rate onto the rotor. As the conditions were varied, the distillate and residue were monitored for Gardner color, fatty acid composition, and mass split rate between the distillate and residue. Under a high flow rate (2.23 g/min), enrichment of C-8 and C-10 in the distillate was increased to 96% in a single-pass distillation (rotor temperature = 65 degrees C with no unsaturation in the distillate while maintaining a split ratio of 1.5. A high flow, multiple-pass distillation (rotor temperature = 70 degrees C of a distillate fraction produced a distillate that was 99.8% saturated fatty acid and 0.2% unsatured with very high split flow ratios. Overall, laboratory distillation of cuphea fatty acids successfully demonstrated the ability to achieve either high quantities of C-8 and C-10 or total saturated samples. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM steven.cermak@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.02.001 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 171JP UT WOS:000246732400012 ER PT J AU Matsunaga, J Lo, M Bulach, DM Zuerner, RL Adler, B Haake, DA AF Matsunaga, James Lo, Miranda Bulach, Dieter M. Zuerner, Richard L. Adler, Ben Haake, David A. TI Response of Leptospira interrogans to physiologic osmolarity: Relevance in signaling the environment-to-host transition SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EXPOSED LIPOPROTEIN; OSMOTIC-STRESS RESPONSE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEROVAR LAI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MAMMALIAN INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYCLIC-AMP AB Transmission of pathogenic Leptospira between mammalian hosts usually involves dissemination via soil or water contaminated by the urine of carrier animals. The ability of Leptospira to adapt to the diverse conditions found inside and outside the host is reflected in its relatively large genome size and high percentage of signal transduction genes. An exception is Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, which is transmitted by direct contact and appears to have lost genes necessary for survival outside the mammalian host. Invasion of host tissues by Leptospira interrogans involves a transition from a low osmolar environment outside the host to a higher physiologic osmolar environment within the host. Expression of the lipoprotein LigA and LigB adhesins is strongly induced by an upshift in osmolarity to the level found in mammalian host tissues. These data suggest that Leptospira utilizes changes in osmolarity to regulate virulence characteristics. To better understand how L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni adapts to osmolar conditions that correspond with invasion of a mammalian host, we quantified alterations in transcript levels using whole-genome microarrays. Overnight exposure in leptospiral culture medium supplemented with sodium chloride to physiologic osmolarity significantly altered the transcript levels of 6% of L. interrogans genes. Repressed genes were significantly more likely to be absent or pseudogenes in L. borgpetersenii, suggesting that osmolarity is relevant in studying the adaptation of L. interrogans to host conditions. Genes induced by physiologic osmolarity encoded a higher than expected number of proteins involved in signal transduction. Further, genes predicted to encode lipoproteins and those coregulated by temperature were overrepresented among both salt-induced and salt-repressed genes. In contrast, leptospiral homologues of hyperosmotic or general stress genes were not induced at physiologic osmolarity. These findings suggest that physiologic osmolarity is an important signal for regulation of gene expression by pathogenic leptospires during transition from ambient conditions to the host tissue environment. C1 VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Monash Univ, Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Monash Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Struct & Fu, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. RP Matsunaga, J (reprint author), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Mail Code 151, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM jamesm@ucla.edu RI Bulach, Dieter/D-5793-2011 OI Bulach, Dieter/0000-0001-9823-6078 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 34431, R01 AI034431, R01 AI034431-10A1, R21 AI034431, R29 AI034431] NR 62 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2864 EP 2874 DI 10.1128/IAI.01619-06 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 172SN UT WOS:000246824500024 PM 17371863 ER PT J AU Ueti, MW Reagan, JO Knowles, DP Scoles, GA Shkap, V Palmer, GH AF Ueti, Massaro W. Reagan, James O., Jr. Knowles, Donald P., Jr. Scoles, Glen A. Shkap, Varda Palmer, Guy H. TI Identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of Anaplasma marginale SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CENTRALE VACCINE STRAIN; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BABESIA-EQUI; RICKETTSIALES; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; CATTLE; ACARI AB Understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. Although the basic developmental cycle of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. Using the highly transmissible St. Maries strain of Anaplasma marginale in Dermacentor andersoni as a positive control and two unrelated nontransmissible strains, we identified distinct barriers to efficient transmission within the tick. The Mississippi strain was unable to establish infection at the level of the midgut epithelium despite successful ingestion of infected blood following acquisition feeding on a bacteremic animal host. This inability to colonize the midgut epithelium prevented subsequent development within the salivary glands and transmission. In contrast, A. marginale subsp. centrale colonized the midgut and then the salivary glands, replicating to a titer indistinguishable from that of the highly transmissible St. Maries strain and at least 100 times greater than that previously associated with successful transmission. Nonetheless, A. marginale subsp. centrale was not transmitted, even when a large number of infected ticks was used for transmission feeding. These results establish that there are at least two specific barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission, the midgut and salivary glands, and highlight the complexity of the pathogen-tick interaction. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vectorborne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. Kimron Vet Inst, Div Parasitol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Ueti, MW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vectorborne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM massaro@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007025, R01 AI044005, R01 AI 44005, T32 AI 007025]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M] NR 28 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2959 EP 2964 DI 10.1128/IAI.00284-07 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 172SN UT WOS:000246824500035 PM 17420231 ER PT J AU Shearer, AEH Wilkins, GC Jenkins, MC Kniel, KE AF Shearer, Adrienne E. H. Wilkins, Gary C. Jenkins, Mark C. Kniel, Kalmia E. TI Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Eimeria acervulina pathogenicity, immunogenicity and structural integrity SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE high pressure processing; inactivation; microscopy; Cyclospora surrogate; sporozoite; Eimeria; immunogenicity; vaccine ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RASPBERRY RUBUS-IDAEUS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; ANTICOCCIDIAL DRUGS; OOCYSTS; TENELLA; INACTIVATION; CHICKENS; COCCIDIOSIS; RESISTANCE AB Eimeria acervulina is a protozoan parasite that can cause intestinal lesions and reduced weight gain in chickens. E. acervulina oocysts were treated by high hydrostatic pressure and evaluated for pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and structural integrity. Pressure treatment of E. acervulina oocysts at 550 MPa for 2 min at 4, 20 or 40 degrees C rendered the parasites nonpathogenic to chickens. Pressure treatment at 40 degrees C also prevented fecal shedding of oocysts. Upon challenge with non-pressurized E. acervulina oocysts, partial immunity was observed with a reduction in lesion severity in chickens that had been inoculated with pressure-treated oocysts. No changes to the fragility and permeability of the oocyst wall or excystation of sporocysts were observed as a result of pressure treatment. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed no changes to the whole oocyst or sporocysts. Recovery and the morphology of excysted sporozoites were altered by pressure treatment. These results suggest that pressure affects sporozoite integrity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kniel, KE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, 531 S Coll Ave,Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM kniel@udel.edu NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.01.004 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 167BB UT WOS:000246424400016 ER PT J AU Rinkevich, FD Hamm, RL Geden, CJ Scott, JG AF Rinkevich, Frank D. Hamm, Ronda L. Geden, Christopher J. Scott, Jeffrey G. TI Dynamics of insecticide resistance alleles in house fly populations from New York and Florida SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population genetics; pyrethroid insecticide resistance; Musca domestica; evolution ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; MOSQUITO CULEX-PIPIENS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA L.; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE; FIELD POPULATIONS; PINK-BOLLWORM; DDT-RESISTANT; FLIES AB The frequency of insecticide-resistance alleles for two genes (Vssc1 and CYP6D1) was studied in field collected populations of house flies from two different climates. While the frequency of these resistance alleles in flies at dairies from four states has recently been reported, there is no information on the relative change of these allele frequencies over time. House flies were collected during the 2003-2004 season from New York and Florida before the first application of permethrin, during the middle of the field season, after the final application, and again the following spring (following months without permethrin use). Bioassay results indicated that homozygous susceptible and extremely resistant flies were rare, while moderately and highly resistant individuals were relatively common at all times in both states. The frequency of resistance alleles at the New York dairy rose during the season and declined over the winter, suggesting an overwintering fitness cost associated with these alleles. The super-kch- allele was detected for the first time in North America at the end of 2003. In Florida the frequency of the resistance alleles did not increase during the spray season or decrease during the winter, suggesting there is substantial immigration of susceptible alleles to the Florida dairy and no overwintering fitness cost associated with resistance alleles in this climate. Resistance to permethrin correlated well with the frequency of the Vssc1 and CYP6D] resistance alleles in flies from New York, but not as well in the population from Florida. This suggests there may be a new resistance mechanism or allele evolving in Florida. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Scott, JG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM JGS5@CORNELL.EDU RI Rinkevich, Frank/H-4919-2011 NR 58 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 6 BP 550 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.02.013 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 180IP UT WOS:000247356700004 PM 17517332 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, MD Kimzey, T Shippy, TD Brown, SJ Denell, RE Beeman, RW AF Lorenzen, M. D. Kimzey, T. Shippy, T. D. Brown, S. J. Denell, R. E. Beeman, R. W. TI piggyBac-based insertional mutagenesis in Tribolium castaneum using donor/helper hybrids SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE piggyBac; Minos; germline transformation; EGFP; enhancer trap ID MINOS TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GERMLINE TRANSFORMATION; ENHANCER DETECTION; PRECISE EXCISION; FLOUR BEETLE; GENES; TRANSPOSITION; CELLS; TOOL AB We describe an efficient method for generating new piggyBac insertions in the germline of F-1 hybrid Tribolium castaneum derived from crosses between transgenic helper and donor strains. Helper strains carried single Minos elements encoding piggyBac transposase. The donor strain carried a single piggyBac element inserted into an actin gene, expanding the eye-specific, 3xP3-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) reporter expression domain to include muscle. Remobilization of the donor element is accompanied by loss of muscle fluorescence but retention of eye fluorescence. In a pilot screen, the piggyBac donor was remobilized in 84% of the hybrid crosses, generating hundreds of new lethal, enhancer-trap, semisterile and other insertions. The jumpstarter system described herein makes genome-wide, saturation insertional mutagenesis a realistic goal in this coleopteran species. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.beeman@gmprc.ksu.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD29594, R01 HD029594, R01 HD029594-16] NR 42 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00727.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 166SH UT WOS:000246399800001 PM 17316329 ER PT J AU Huber, DPW Erickson, ML Leutenegger, CM Bohlmann, J Seybold, SJ AF Huber, D. P. W. Erickson, M. L. Leutenegger, C. M. Bohlmann, J. Seybold, S. J. TI Isolation and extreme sex-specific expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, following feeding on the phloem of host ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Scolytidae; cytochrome P450; pheromone biosynthesis; detoxification; real-time polymerase chain reaction ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DE-NOVO BIOSYNTHESIS; HMG-COA REDUCTASE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; DENDROCTONUS-JEFFREYI; ENGRAVER BEETLE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA AB We have identified cDNAs and characterized the expression of 13 novel cytochrome P450 genes of potential importance in host colonization and reproduction by the California fivespined ips, Ips paraconfusus. Twelve are of the Cyp4 family and one is of the Cyp9 family. Following feeding on host Pinus ponderosa phloem, bark beetle transcript levels of several of the Cyp4 genes increased or decreased in males only or in both sexes. In one instance (IparaCyp4A5) transcript accumulated significantly in females, but declined significantly in males. The Cyp9 gene (Cyp9T1) transcript levels in males were > 85 000 x higher at 8 h and > 25 000 x higher at 24 h after feeding compared with nonfed controls. Transcript levels in females were approximately 150 x higher at 24 h compared with nonfed controls. Cyp4G27 transcript was present constitutively regardless of sex or feeding and served as a better housekeeping gene than beta-actin or 18S rRNA for the real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction analysis. The expression patterns of Cyp4AY1, Cyp4BG1, and, especially, Cyp9T1 in males suggest roles for these genes in male-specific aggregation pheromone production. The differential transcript accumulation patterns of these bark beetle P450s provide insight into ecological interactions of I. paraconfusus with its host pines. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Lucy Whittier Mol & Diagnost Core Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sseybold@fs.fed.us OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 NR 71 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00731.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 166SH UT WOS:000246399800008 PM 17433069 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Bautista, RC Siebenmorgen, TJ AF Arthur, Frank H. Bautista, Rusty C. Siebenmorgen, Terrence J. TI Influence of growing location and cultivar on Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) infestation of rough rice SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rough rice; cultivars; stored-product insects; Rhyzopertha dominica; Sitophilus oryzae ID ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTHS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; VARIETIES; EFFICACY; INSECTS; BORERS; WHEAT AB Long-grain rice cultivars Cocodrie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in three locations (Hazen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, USA), and medium-grain rice cultivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two locations (Jonesboro and Lodge Corner, AR, USA), were harvested and assayed for susceptibility to Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), the lesser grain borer, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the rice weevil, on rice held at 27 degrees C, 57% and 75% relative humidity (RH). Separate samples from the same harvest lots were also analyzed for the physical characteristics of brown rice yield, percentage whole kernels and kernel thickness. Progeny production and feeding damage of R. dominica were significantly different among long-grain cultivars within two of the three locations (P < 0.05), but not for location or RH (P >= 0.05), while progeny production of S. oryzae was different among cultivars, location, and RH (P < 0.05). On medium-grain rice, both cultivar and location were significant for progeny production of R. dominica, but not RH, while cultivar and RH were significant for progeny production of S. oryzae, but not location. On both rice types, feeding damage of R. dominica followed the same trends and was always strongly positively correlated with progeny production (P < 0.05), but for S. oryzae there were several instances in which progeny production was not correlated with feeding damage (P >= 0.05). Physical characteristics of both rice types were statistically significant (P < 0.01) but actual numerical differences were extremely small, and were generally not correlated with progeny production of either species. Results indicate that the location in which a particular rice cultivar is grown, along with its characteristics, could affect susceptibility of the rice to R. dominica and S. oryzae. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2007.00149.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 177CO UT WOS:000247131400010 ER PT J AU Yang, VW Clausen, CA AF Yang, Vina W. Clausen, Carol A. TI Antifungal effect of essential oils on southern yellow pine SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE essential oil; mold; antifungal; moldicide ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; FUNGI; CINNAMON; EXTRACTS AB Moisture management remains the most critical factor for controlling mold growth on wood and wood products during storage, construction, and while in service. When moisture management practices fail to adequately control moisture, plant extracts demonstrating antifungal properties may provide protection for these applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of natural plant extracts, such as essential oils, for use on wood. Seven essential oils were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Penicillium chrysogenum on southern yellow pine (SYP) stakes that were either dip treated or exposed to vapors of the test oils. Thyme and Egyptian geranium oil inhibited growth of all test fungi for 20 weeks. Likewise, dill weed oil vapors inhibited all test fungi for at least 20 weeks. Comparison of two mold test apparatuses-Petri dish test and tank test chambers-gave similar results for thyme oil. These findings support the application of essential oils for surface treatment or vapor exposure of wood to prevent mold infestation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Yang, VW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM vyang@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.09.004 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179MF UT WOS:000247293200006 ER PT J AU Qiu, WQ Sun, XY Selkoe, DJ Mwamburi, DM Huang, T Bhadela, R Bergethon, P Scott, TM Summergrad, P Wang, LX Rosenberg, I Folstein, M AF Qiu, Wei Qiao Sun, Xiaoyan Selkoe, Dennis J. Mwamburi, D. Mkaya Huang, Tina Bhadela, Refeeque Bergethon, Peter Scott, Tammy M. Summergrad, Paul Wang, Lixia Rosenberg, Irwin Folstein, Marshal TI Depression is associated with low plasma A beta 42 independently of cardiovascular disease in the homebound elderly SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE depression; amyloid-beta) peptide 42 (A beta 42); Alzheimer's disease (AD) ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COGNITIVE DECLINE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; GERIATRIC DEPRESSION; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; MEMORY DEFICITS; SYMPTOMS; RISK; COMMUNITY; DIAGNOSIS AB Background Depression often precedes the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) before the appearance of cognitive symptoms. Plasma Amyloid-beta peptide 42 (A beta 42) declines before and soon after the onset of AD, yet the relationship between plasma A beta 42 and depression is unclear. Methods We used 515 homebound elders aged 60 and older in a population-based, cross-sectional study to investigate associations between plasma A beta levels and depression with and without cardiovascular co-morbidities. Depression was evaluated by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Plasma A beta 40 and A beta 42 were measured. Results The elderly with depression had lower plasma A beta 42 (median: 15.3 vs. 18.9, p = 0.008) than those without depression. The CES-D score was inversely associated with plasma A beta 42 (p = 0.001) in subjects with no cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, in the presence of CVD, this association did not exist. Low plasma A beta 42 (OR = 0.41, p = 0.007) and the presence of CVD (OR = 1.84, p = 0.005) were independently associated with depression after adjusting for the confounders of age, stroke and apolipoprotein E4. Conclusions Depressive symptoms are associated with low plasma A beta 42 independently of CVD. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether depression associated with low plasma A beta 42 is a separate depression subtype that could predict the onset of AD. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Ctr Neurol Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Qiu, WQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 100,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM wqiu@tufts-nemc.org OI Bergethon, Peter/0000-0001-9128-6574; Qiu, Wendy/0000-0002-2082-2410 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-21790, AG-022476] NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6230 J9 INT J GERIATR PSYCH JI Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1002/gps.1710 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 181OO UT WOS:000247446200004 PM 17096467 ER PT J AU Santosa, S Demonty, I Lichtenstein, AH Jones, PJH AF Santosa, S. Demonty, I. Lichtenstein, A. H. Jones, P. J. H. TI Cholesterol metabolism and body composition in women: the effects of moderate weight loss SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE weight loss; women; cholesterol metabolism; body composition; magnetic resonance imaging; isotope kinetics study ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ENERGY RESTRICTION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RISK-FACTORS; OBESE MEN; PLASMA CHOLESTEROL; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIPID LEVELS; ABSORPTION; FAT AB Objective: To determine how moderate weight loss protocol through diet and exercise may affect changes in body composition, to determine the effects of weight loss on cholesterol metabolism and to examine the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and changes in body composition. Design: Thirty-five otherwise healthy, hypercholesterolemic women completed a 24-week weight loss study. A 20% decrease in energy intake through diet and a 10% increase in energy expenditure by exercise were combined with motivational strategies to encourage weight loss. The diet was self-selected and comprised of 50-60% carbohydrates, 20% protein and < 30% fat. Results: Participants lost an average of 11.7 +/- 2.5 kg (P < 0.001). Whole body and regional losses in tissue mass occurred after weight loss. After weight loss, cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) decreased (P=0.003) 3.86 +/- 9.33%, whereas rates of cholesterol absorption and turnover did not change (3.31719.4%, P=0.32 and -0.01 +/- 6.20%, P=0.75, respectively). Changes in cholesterol turnover were positively correlated (r=0.44, P=0.01) with changes in FSR. Reductions in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were predictive (beta=-5.04, r=0.38; P=0.03, and beta=-147, r=0.40; P=0.03, respectively) of increases in cholesterol turnover. Losses in skeletal muscle (SM) and upper-body SM predicted (beta=6.82, r=0.36; P=0.04 and beta=14.7, r=0.41; P=0.01, respectively) decreases in cholesterol absorption. Conclusions: Decreases in cholesterol synthesis after moderate weight loss are not compensated for by changes in cholesterol absorption or turnover. Changes in regional body composition were associated with variations in cholesterol metabolism. Understanding how weight loss affects cholesterol metabolism will help identify more effective treatment routes for overweight individuals undergoing weight loss resulting in earlier and more intensive therapy for the associated dyslipidemia. C1 McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Macdonald Campus,21 111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM peter.jones@mcgill.ca RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015; OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 BP 933 EP 941 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803549 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173XU UT WOS:000246906600010 PM 17264848 ER PT J AU Borsch, T Hilu, KW Wiersema, JH Lohne, C Barthlott, W Wilde, V AF Borsch, Thomas Hilu, Khidir W. Wiersema, John H. Loehne, Cornelia Barthlott, Wilhelm Wilde, Volker TI Phylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE chloroplast genome; molecular evolution; trnL group I intron; basal angiosperms; Nymphaea; Ondinea ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; BASAL ANGIOSPERMS; NONCODING REGIONS; WATER-LILIES; SENSU-LATO; INTERSUBGENERIC HYBRID; SEQUENCE INFORMATION; AQUATIC ORNAMENTALS; INTERGENIC SPACER; VASCULAR SYSTEM AB Nymphaea is the most speciose, phenotypically diverse, and geographically widespread (nearly global) genus of Nymphaeales. Phylogenetic relationships among 35 of an estimated 45-50 species of Nymphaea are presented based on an analysis of the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. Because this is the first phylogenetic analysis of Nymphaea, monophyly of the genus had to be tested, and its status in Nymphaeales had to be inferred. Rooting was therefore extended to more distant outgroups (Amborella, Austrobaileyales). Monophyly of Nymphaea received weak support, with a Euryale-Victoria clade appearing as sister. The three major lineages within Nymphaea are constituted by the northern temperate subg. Nymphaea that is sister to all remaining species, a subgg. Hydrocallis-Lotos clade, and a subgg. Anecphya-Brachyceras clade. The Australian genus Ondinea was nested at species level within Nymphaea subg. Anecphya. The pantropical subg. Brachyceras as currently circumscribed does not appear natural, with Nymphaea petersiana belonging to subg. Lotos. Microstructural changes are frequent and highly informative, exhibiting lower levels of homoplasy than substitutions. Reconstructing the evolution of microstructural changes shows a strong insertion bias in simple sequence repeats. Complex indels are often explained by mutational events that occurred independently in different parts of the tree rather than being the result of stepwise events at subsequent nodes. AT-rich, satellite-like sequence parts have evolved independently in the P8 stemloop of the trnL group I intron in Nuphar and in major lineages of Nymphaea. They seem to be conserved in sequence within species but are highly variable among species. Moreover, the trnT-trnF region provides a signal that allows recognition (bar coding) of most species analyzed so far. C1 Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodivers Pflanzen, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Forschungsinst Senckenberg, Sekt Palaobot, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Borsch, T (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodivers Pflanzen, Meckenheimer Allee 170, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM borsch@uni-bonn.de OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 119 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 168 IS 5 BP 639 EP 671 DI 10.1086/513476 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175UK UT WOS:000247039300012 ER PT J AU Wu, JP Ma, BY Ren, HW Zhang, LP Xiang, Y Brown, MA AF Wu, J. P. Ma, B. Y. Ren, H. W. Zhang, L. P. Xiang, Y. Brown, M. A. TI Characterization of metallothioneins (MT-I and MT-II) in the yak SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cDNA; characterization; metallothioneins; structure; yak ID GENE AMPLIFICATION; METAL REGULATION; SWISS-MODEL; HUMAN BRAIN; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; MOUSE; SEQUENCE; ASTROCYTES; CLONING AB The cDNA-encoding sequences for yak metallothionein isoforms I (MT-1) and Il (MT-II) were amplified and cloned by reverse-transcription PCR to characterize the nucleotide sequence and protein structure of metallothionein in the yak. The cDNA sequences of MT-I and MT-Il were subjected to BLAST searching at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, and the results indicated that the nucleotide sequences of yak MT-I and MT-Il, when compared among different species of mammals, are highly conserved. The yak open reading frames have a length of 183 nucleotides, which encode for yak MT-I and MT-II proteins of 61 AA, respectively. Analysis of hydrophobicity, transmembrane region, and signal peptides suggested that metallothioneins of the yak are nonsecretory proteins. There were several conserved tripeptide sequences, such as C-X-C, C-C-X-C-C, and C-X-X-C (X designates AA excluding cysteine in MT-I and MT-II), and they are highly conserved in their evolution. By homologous comparative modeling, we predicted the molecular spatial structures of yak MT-I and MT-II, which are composed of alpha- and ss-domains that are linked by the conserved tripeptide Lys(30) -Lys(31)-Ser(32) (KKS). C1 Peking Univ, Natl Key Lab Prot Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Gansu Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Wu, JP (reprint author), Peking Univ, Natl Key Lab Prot Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM maby@163.com; renhw@pku.edu.cn NR 36 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1357 EP 1362 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-291 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700001 PM 17121968 ER PT J AU Van Vleck, LD Cundiff, LV Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Van Vleck, L. D. Cundiff, L. V. Wheeler, T. L. Shackelford, S. D. Koohmaraie, M. TI Across-breed adjustment factors for expected progeny differences for carcass traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breed; carcass expected progeny difference; genetic evaluation ID SIRE AB Adjustment, factors to allow comparison of EPD from several breed associations for birth, weaning, and yearling weights have been available for more than 10 yr. This paper describes steps to calculate adjustment factors for EPD for 4 carcass traits: marbling score, fat thickness, ribeye area, and retail product percentage. The required information is the same as for the weight traits: 1) breed of sire solutions based on measurements on progeny at the US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) that have sires with breed association EPD, 2) mean EPD of sires weighted by number of progeny at USMARC (USMARC progeny not included in breed association EPD), and 3) mean EPD of nonparents from breed associations (defined as animals born 2 yr prior to calculation of EPD). Records at USMARC are adjusted to 100% heterozygosity because the purpose of the adjustment factors is to allow prediction of performance of progeny of sires mated to other breeds of dam. A critical step is to adjust breed of sire solutions, which are based on an earlier sample of sires, to the equivalent of a sample from a more recent nonparent group using the difference between mean EPD from information sources 2) and 3). The difference is multiplied by the coefficient of regression of USMARC progeny on EPD of their sires. With weight traits, these coefficients are not greatly different from unity. With the carcass traits, 2 sets of coefficients can be used depending on whether the EPD are based on carcass or ultrasound measurements. The regression coefficients also reflect differences in conditions for USMARC progeny (all steers) and factors associated with breed association EPD. Only for marbling score and ribeye area were any estimates of the regression coefficients near unity. For other traits, the coefficients ranged from 1.65 to 2.82. The solutions for breed of sire, differences in mean EPD, and regression coefficients are then used to calculate adjustment factors for EPD of 11 breeds including the arbitrary base breed, Angus. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-658 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700003 PM 17339411 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR AF Guthrie, H. D. Welch, G. R. TI Use of fluorescence-activated flow cytometry to determine membrane lipid peroxidation during hypothermic liquid storage and freeze-thawing of viable boar sperm loaded with 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3 -undecanoic acid SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a; 4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid; lipid peroxidation; hydroethidine; flow cytometry; motility ID EQUINE SPERMATOZOA; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FREE-RADICALS; SEMEN; C-11-BODIPY581/591; VIABILITY; FROZEN; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; FERTILITY; OXIDATION AB Part of the reduction in boar sperm motility and fertility associated with hypothermic liquid storage and cryopreservation may be due to membrane lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation was monitored by the shift from red to green fluorescence emission of the lipophilic probe 4, 4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid, C11BODIPY581/591 (BODIPY), as measured by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry in live sperm (negative for propidium iodide). Experiments were conducted with Percoll-washed sperm to determine the specificity of BODIPY oxidation in the presence of different reactive oxygen species generators and metal chelators. Compared with no FeSO4 and Na ascorbate, the combination of FeSO4 and Na ascorbate (FeAc) increased (P < 0.01) the percentage of sperm containing oxidized BODIPY from:51 to > 70% and increased (P < 0.05) BODIPY fluorescence intensity/cell by 5- to 10-fold after a 30-min incubation. Motility was depressed (P < 0.05) after exposure to FeAc, but viability was not affected. Of the reactive oxygen species generators tested, BODIPY oxidation was specific for FeAc, because menadione and H2O2 had little or no effect. The oxidization of hydroethidine to ethidium was specific for menadione and H2O2; FeAc had no effect. The presence of the metal chelators EDTA or deferoxamine mesylate at 3 and 9 RM inhibited FeAc-induced BODIPY oxidation and maintained motility. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of liquid storage at 17 degrees C for 1 and 5 d and the effect of freeze-thawing on basal and FeAc-induced BODIPY oxidation. Basal BODIPY oxidation (no FeAc) was low in liquid stored and thawed viable sperm (1.3 and 3.4%, respectively). Although the incidence of basal or spontaneous membrane lipid peroxidation was low during liquid storage and after freeze-thawing, viable boar sperm were susceptible to FeAcinduced lipid peroxidation. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dave@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1411 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-787 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700007 PM 17296775 ER PT J AU Hall, MB Weimer, PJ AF Hall, M. B. Weimer, P. J. TI Sucrose concentration alters fermentation kinetics, products, and carbon fates during in vitro fermentation with mixed ruminal microbes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; fermentation kinetics; fermentation product; nonfiber carbohydrate; rumen fermentation; sucrose ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; GROWTH YIELDS; RUMEN; BACTERIA; CARBOHYDRATE; GLUCOSE; FIBER; MICROORGANISMS AB Effects of sucrose (Suc) concentration on fermentation kinetics and products were evaluated using 3 concentrations of Sue, with 1 concentration of isolated NDF from Bermudagrass fermented together in batch culture in vitro with rumen inoculum. Fixed amounts of medium and inoculum were the protein sources, so protein:Suc decreased with increasing Sue. Kinetics were calculated from gas production over 48 h in a randomized complete block design (n = 28), and product yield was evaluated with sampling every 4 h for 24 h in a split-split plot in time design (n = 84). Fermentation vial was the experimental unit. Increasing Sue increased the lag time of rapidly (P < 0.01) and slowly fermented (P < 0.01) fractions and tended to decrease the rate of gas production from the rapid fraction (P = 0.07). Gas production from the slow fraction decreased linearly with increasing Sue (P = 0.02), suggesting a decrease in NDF fermentation. Sucrose was the predominant substrate at :! 8 h of fermentation. Maxima for microbial CP (MCP) production were detected at! 8 h of fermentation. At detected MCP maxima, MCP production increased linearly (P = 0.02) and total organic acids (sum of lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate; mmol) tended to increase linearly (P = 0.07) with increasing Sue. Maximum lactate production at 0 and 4 h increased (P = 0.01), and yield of lactate from Sue tended to increase, linearly (P = 0.09) with increasing Sue. At detected MCP maxima, yield of C in products (total organic acids, MCP, CO2, CH4, glycogen) from utilized Sue C declined linearly for total products (P = 0.01) and organic acids (P = 0.01) and tended to decline for MCP (P = 0.12) as Sue increased. This may be a function of increased catabolic inefficiency of microbes with increasing Sue, as evidenced by increasing yields of lactate, or the use of C for products not measured. Product Cyields were 1.28,0.98, and 0.81 from lowest to greatest Sue inclusion, respectively. Values > 1 indicate incorporation of C from the medium, likely from AA and peptides. The results support the premises that direct effects of Sue concentration and perhaps protein: Sue alter yields of fermentation products. That substrate concentration altered fermentation products and kinetics, possibly due to interactions with the run conditions, advises the clear definition of substrates and fermentation conditions to determine how the results integrate into our knowledge of ruminant nutrition. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mbhall@wise.edu NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1478 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-014 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700014 PM 17296769 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Miller, DN Freetly, HC Berry, ED Ferrell, CL AF Archibeque, S. L. Miller, D. N. Freetly, H. C. Berry, E. D. Ferrell, C. L. TI The influence of oscillating dietary protein concentrations on finishing cattle. I. Feedlot performance and odorous compound production SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef steer; odor; protein oscillation ID BEEF STEERS; EPITHELIAL BACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; ENDOGENOUS UREA; SWINE MANURE; NITROGEN; RUMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; SUBSTANCES; EMISSIONS AB We hypothesized that oscillation of the dietary CP concentration, which may improve N retention of finishing beef steers, would reduce production of manure odor compounds and total N inputs while yielding comparable performance. Charolais-sired steers (n = 144; 303 +/- 5 kg of initial BW) were used in a completely randomized block design (6 pens/treatment). The steers were fed to 567 kg of BW on the following finishing diets, which were based on dry-rolled corn: 1) low (9.1% CP), 2) medium (11.8% CP), 3) high (14.9% CP), or 4) low and high oscillated on a 48-h interval for each feed (oscillating). Steers fed low tended (P = 0.08) to have less DMI (7.80 kg/d) than steers fed medium (8.60 kg/d) or oscillating (8.67 kg/d), but not less than steers fed high (8.12 kg/d). Daily N intake was greatest (P < 0.01) for steers fed high (189 g), intermediate for medium (160 g) and oscillating (164 g), and least for low (113 g). The ADG was lower (P < 0.01) for steers fed low (1.03 kg) than for those fed medium (1.45 kg), high (1.45 kg), or oscillating (1.43 kg). Similarly, steers fed low had a lower adjusted fat thickness (P < 0.01) and yield grade (P = 0.05) and tended (P = 0.10) to have less marbling than steers fed the other 3 diets. In slurries with feces, urine, soil, and water, incubated for 35 d, nonsoluble CP was similar among slurries from steers fed medium, high, or oscillating, but was less (P < 0.01) in slurries from steers fed low. However, throughout the incubation period, slurries from steers fed high or oscillating had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of total aromatics and ammonia than those from steers fed low or medium. Also, the slurries from steers fed oscillating had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of branched-chain VFA than manure slurries from steers fed any of the other diets. These data indicate that although there is no apparent alteration in the performance of finishing steers fed diets with oscillation of the dietary protein, there may be undesirable increases in the production of compounds associated with malodor. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ferrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM cal.ferrell@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1495 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-205 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700016 PM 17264234 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Freetly, HC Cole, NA Ferrell, CL AF Archibeque, S. L. Freetly, H. C. Cole, N. A. Ferrell, C. L. TI The influence of oscillating dietary protein concentrations on finishing cattle. II. Nutrient retention and ammonia emissions SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; heat production; nutrient balance; protein oscillating ID NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; VOLATILIZATION; STEERS; PERFORMANCE; GRASSLAND; URINE; UREA; LEVEL AB We hypothesized that oscillation of the dietary CP concentrations would improve efficiency of N use and reduce N loss to the environment. Charolais-cross steers (n = 8; 315 +/- 21 kg of BW) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. The steers were allowed ad libitum access to the following diets: 1) 9. 1% CP (low), 2) 11.8% CP (medium), 3) 13.9% CP (high), or 4) low and high oscillated on a 48-h interval on each diet (oscillating). Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments (P = 0.46), but N intake differed (P < 0.01) from 94 (low) to 131 (medium), 142 (high), and 133 g/d (oscillating), as designed. Dry matter digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 71.8% (low) to 75.8% (medium), 77.7% (high), and 77.5% (oscillating). Nitrogen digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 62.2% (low) to 67.2% (medium) to 70.1% (high) and 70.9% (oscillating). Nitrogen retention was greater (P < 0.01) in steers fed oscillating (55.0 g/d) than in the steers fed low (34.8 g/ d) or high (40.2 g/d), but N retention of steers fed medium (49.8 g/d) differed (P = 0.02) only from that of steers fed low. Urinary urea N did not differ between steers fed medium (19.5 g/d) or oscillating (21.3 g/d) but was lowest (P < 0.01) for those fed low (8.2 g/d) and greatest for those fed high (39.2 g/d). Daily heat production (kcal/BW(0.75)) tended (P = 0.09) to be less for the steers fed low (177) than those fed medium (189), high (188), or oscillating (182). Cumulative in vitro ammonia volatilization from the manure of steers fed oscillating was lower (P < 0.01) for the initial 5 d of incubation than from manure of those fed medium, but there was no difference after 11 d of incubation. Additionally, there was a decrease (P < 0.01) in in vitro ammonia volatilization as protein concentration in the diet decreased from high to medium to low. These data indicate that oscillation of the dietary protein improve d N retention of finishing steers compared with those in high and low N diets and that these changes were great enough to correspondingly C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79106 USA. RP Ferrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM cal.ferrell@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1496 EP 1503 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-208 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700017 PM 17264236 ER PT J AU Merrill, ML Ansotegui, RP Burns, PD MacNeil, MD Geary, TW AF Merrill, M. L. Ansotegui, R. P. Burns, P. D. MacNeil, M. D. Geary, T. W. TI Effects of flunixin meglumine and transportation on establishment of pregnancy in beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; flunixin meglumine; pregnancy establishment; transportation stress ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; HEIFERS; CATTLE; STRESS; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; UTERINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTOGEN; SECRETION AB Objectives of these studies were to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine (FM) administration on early embryonic mortality and circulating PG and cortisol concentrations in transported and nontransported cows. Cows (n = 483) from 3 locations were used to evaluate the effects of transportation and FM approximately 14 d after AT on the establishment of pregnancy and serum concentrations of progesterone, PGF metabolite (PGFM), and cortisol. Treatments were transport (n = 129), transport + FM (n = 128), no transport (n = 130), and no transport + FM (n = 96). Multiparous cows (n = 224) were used at 2 locations, and nulliparous cows (n = 259) were used at 1 location. The no transport + FM treatment was used at only 2 locations. Flunixin meglumine (approximately 1.1 mg/kg of BW; i.m.) was administered before the cows were separated into transportation groups. Transportation included 4 to 6 h of transportation, without calves, via semitractor trailer. Nontransported cows remained penned, with their calves in adjacent pens, during the same period as the transported cows. Blood samples were collected from all cows before and after treatment and, at 2 locations, approximately 3 h after the onset of treatment. Location affected AT pregnancy rate (P < 0.01). Treatment effects, although not significant (P = 0.16), were of a magnitude to be considered practically important. Cows that received transportation + FM tended (P = 0.07) to have greater AI pregnancy rates (74%) than those that did not receive FM (66%), irrespective of transportation. Cortisol concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for transported cows than for nontransported cows. Cows receiving FM had greater (P < 0.05) AT pregnancy rates than non-FM cows (71 vs. 61%, respectively). Cows receiving transportation had lower (P < 0.01) mean PGFM concentrations than nontransported cows (45.4 vs. 54.6 pg/mL, respectively), and cows receiving FM had lower (P < 0.01) mean PGFM concentrations than non-FM cows (39.4 vs. 60.6, respectively). We conclude that transportation of cows approximately 14 d after AI increased serum cortisol concentrations but did not affect AT pregnancy rates. However, treatment of cows with FM increased AI pregnancy rates, irrespective of whether they were transported. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ No Colorado, Dept Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Geary, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM tom.geary@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-587 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168KO UT WOS:000246523700023 PM 17371785 ER PT J AU Prentiss, AM Lyons, N Harris, LE Burns, MRP Godin, TM AF Prentiss, Anna Marie Lyons, Natasha Harris, Lucille E. Burns, Melisse R. P. Godin, Terrence M. TI The emergence of status inequality in intermediate scale societies: A demographic and socio-economic history of the Keatley Creek site, British Columbia SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE plateau; archaeology; complex hunter-gatherers; Keatley Creek site; status inequality ID COMPLEX HUNTER-GATHERERS; CANADIAN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-BASIN; RESOURCE INTENSIFICATION; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC; CULTURAL COLLAPSE; CORPORATE GROUP; SOUTHERN COAST; LILLOOET AREA AB Explaining the emergence of status inequality in human societies is an important priority for many anthropological archaeologists, particularly those whose research includes intermediate scale societies (complex hunter-gatherers and early agriculturalists). Yet, fine grained records of emergent inequality are still exceedingly rare. This paper outlines a fine-grained record of cultural change from the Keatley Creek site, a complex hunter-gatherer village in British Columbia, in which it is possible to recognize the emergence of inequality and its demographic and economic correlates. Results of the study suggest that status inequality emerged abruptly after an extended period of socio-economic stability in the village under conditions of adversely altered resource conditions, demographic packing, and subsistence resource diversification and extensification. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Anthropol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. US Forest Serv, Lake Tahoe, CA USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Archaeol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Prentiss, AM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Anthropol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM anna.prentiss@umontana.edu NR 144 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0278-4165 J9 J ANTHROPOL ARCHAEOL JI J. Anthropol. Archaeol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 299 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.jaa.2006.11.006 PG 29 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 175XT UT WOS:000247048000009 ER PT J AU Dunowska, M Morley, PS Traub-Dargatz, JL Davis, MA Patterson, G Frye, JG Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA AF Dunowska, M. Morley, P. S. Traub-Dargatz, J. L. Davis, M. A. Patterson, G. Frye, J. G. Hyatt, D. R. Dargatz, D. A. TI Comparison of Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis isolates from a veterinary teaching hospital SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; environmental persistence; nosocomial; PFGE; Salmonella Infantis ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANCE GENES; SEROVAR INFANTIS; PEROXYGEN DISINFECTANT; EQUINE SALMONELLOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; BACTERIAL LOAD; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; INTEGRONS AB Aims: To compare Salmonella enterica scrotype Infantis isolates obtained from patients or the environment of a veterinary teaching hospital over a period of 9 years following a nosocomial outbreak to determine whether isolates were epidemiologically related or represented unrelated introductions into the hospital environment. Methods and Results: Fifty-six S. Infamis isolates were compared based on their phenotypic (antimicrobial drug [AMD] susceptibility pattern) and genotypic (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] pattern and presence of integrons) characteristics. Epidemiologically unrelated S. Infantis isolates clustered separately from all but two of the hospital isolates, and several isolates from different years and various sources were indistinguishable from each other in cluster analysis of two-enzyme PFGE results. A high percentage of isolates (80(.)3%) were resistant to at least one AMD, with 67(.)8% showing resistance to > 5 AMD. The majority (74(.)1%) of isolates tested contained type I integrons. Conclusion: Results strongly suggest that there was nosocomial transmission of S. Infantis during the initial outbreak, and that contamination arising from this outbreak persisted across years despite rigorous hygiene and biosecurity precautions and may have led to subsequent nosocomial infections. Significance and Impact of the Study: Evidence of persistence and transmission of Salmonella clones across years, even in the face of rigorous preventive measures, has important implications for other facilities that have experienced outbreaks of Salmonella infections. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance R, Athens, GA USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Paul.Morley@colostate.edu RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-30055] NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1527 EP 1536 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03198.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 180ON UT WOS:000247375200010 PM 17578417 ER PT J AU Englen, MD Hill, AE Dargatz, DA Ladely, SR Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Englen, M. D. Hill, A. E. Dargatz, D. A. Ladely, S. R. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in US dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobials; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; dairy cattle; resistance ID MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; JEJUNI; SPP.; COLI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB Aims: To obtain an over-view of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in faeces of US dairy cows in 2002. Methods and Results: Faeces from 1435 cows, representing 96 dairy operations in 21 US states, were collected for the culture of Campylobacter. A total of 735 Campylobacter strains were isolated (51-2% positive samples) with 94 operations positive (97-9%) for Campylobacter. From this collection, 532 isolates (473 Campylobacter jejuni and 59 Campylobacter coli) were randomly selected for susceptibility testing to eight antimicrobials: azithromycin, chloramphemcol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The C. jejuni isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline (47-4%), nalidixic acid (4-0%) and ciprofloxacin (2-5%), while the C. coli strains exhibited some resistance to all antimicrobials except chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Only 3-6% of the C. jejuni isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials but 20-3% of the C coli strains were multiresistant. Conclusions: On most operations, at least one cow was positive for Campylobacter and more than half of the cows sampled were shedding Campylobacter. The C. coli isolates had significantly higher levels of resistance to macrolides and to tetracycline compared with the C. jejuni strains, but were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of Campylobacter on US dairy operations; however, US dairy cattle have not been recognized as a major source of human infection compared with poultry. Campylobacter coli appears to develop antimicrobial resistance more readily than C. jejuni from the same environment. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, APHIS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1570 EP 1577 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03189.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 180ON UT WOS:000247375200015 PM 17578422 ER PT J AU Glynn, NC Ray, R Edwards, SG Hare, MC Parry, DW Barnett, CJ Beck, JJ AF Glynn, N. C. Ray, R. Edwards, S. G. Hare, M. C. Parry, D. W. Barnett, C. J. Beck, J. J. TI Quantitative Fusarium spp. and Microdochium spp. PCR assays to evaluate seed treatments for the control of Fusarium seedling blight of wheat SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium seedling blight; internal transcribed spacer; Microdochium spp.; quantitative PCR; seed-borne disease ID WINTER-WHEAT; HEAD BLIGHT; EAR BLIGHT; SPRING WHEAT; F-AVENACEUM; CEREALS; NIVALE; GRAIN; GRAMINEARUM; CULMORUM AB Aims: To develop sensitive quantitative PCR assays for the two groups of pathogens responsible for Fusarium seedling blight in wheat: Fusarium group (Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum) and Microdochium group (Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus); and to use the assays to assess performance of fungicide seed treatments against each group. Methods and Results: Primers conserved between the species within each group were used to develop competitive PCR assays and used to quantify DNA of each group in wheat seed produced from inoculated field plots. Seed was used in seed treatment efficacy field experiments and the amount of DNA of each group was determined in emerged seedlings. The performance of treatments towards each group of pathogens was evaluated by comparison of the reduction in DNA in seedlings emerged from treated seed compared with untreated seed. Conclusions: DNA from the two groups of pathogens causing Fusarium seedling blight of wheat can be quantified separately using the competitive PCR assays. These assays show improved sensitivity compared with those previously reported for the individual species and allowed the quantification of pathogen DNA in seed and seedlings. Significant reductions in pathogen DNA were evident for each seed treatment. Significance and Impact of the Study: Quantification of DNA for each group allows the evaluation of seed treatment performance towards the two components of Fusarium seedling blight disease complex. The approach taken and the assays developed in this study will be of use for the study of other Fusarium disease complexes and their control. Based on the results reported here on the seedling stage of crop development, further studies that examine the control of seed-borne pathogens through fungicide seed treatments throughout the growing season are warranted. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Harper Adams Univ Coll, Mol Diagnost Lab, Newport, Shrops, England. Leatherhead Enterprise Ctr, S E Hlth Technol Alliance, Leatherhead, Surrey, England. Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Glynn, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM nglynn@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Edwards, Simon/A-5432-2010; OI Edwards, Simon/0000-0002-1205-1249; Ray, Rumiana/0000-0003-3510-1090 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1645 EP 1653 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03190.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 180ON UT WOS:000247375200023 PM 17578430 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Corzo, A Kidd, MT Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Branton, S. L. TI Dietary apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid density effects on growth and carcass traits of heavy broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; lysine; methionine; metabolizable energy ID LIVE PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; PROTEIN RATIO; STRAIN-CROSS; MEAT YIELD; LYSINE; FEED; RESPONSES; CHICKS; REQUIREMENT AB Two experiments (EXP) were conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary AME and amino acid (AA) density (total basis) on broiler chickens from 42 to 56 d of age. In EXP 1, diets were formulated to contain low AME (3,140 kcal/kg) and moderate AME (3,240 kcal/kg) in combination with moderate AA (16.2% CP, 0.88% Lys, and 0.75% TSAA) and high AA (18.0% CP, 0.98% Lys, and 0.83% TSAA) and fed to male broilers. Dietary treatments in EXP 2 were diets formulated to contain moderate AME (3,220 kcal/kg) and high AME (3,310 kcal/kg) combined with moderate and high AA concentrations used in EXP 1 and fed to male and female broilers. In general, dietary AME and AA did not interact to influence growth and meat yield responses. Broilers provided the low AME diet in EXP 1 consumed more feed and had poorer feed conversion but had higher total breast meat yield than birds fed the moderate AME diet. In EXP 2, broilers fed the high AME diet from 42 to 56 d had increased BW gain, decreased feed consumption, and improved feed conversion. Feeding the high AA diets in both EXP decreased feed consumption, improved feed conversion, and increased total breast meat yield. Nutritionists establishing nutritional programs for heavy broilers late in development from 2.5 to 3.6 kg may need to consider increasing AA density to optimize breast meat yield. Increasing the AME content of the diet improves feed conversion but not breast meat yield. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 192 EP 205 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PI UT WOS:000252810600005 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Purswell, JL Kidd, MT Corzo, A Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Purswell, J. L. Kidd, M. T. Corzo, A. Branton, S. L. TI Apparent metabolizable energy needs of broilers from two to four kilograms as influenced by ambient temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; metabolizable energy; temperature ID MODERATE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES; INCREASING AIR VELOCITIES; HIGH DEW-POINT; DIETARY ENERGY; LIVE PERFORMANCE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; MEAT YIELD; FEED-GAIN; CONSTANT; CHICKENS AB During winter production, the optimum temperature set points for heavy broilers (>3.4 kg) approaching market weight are subject to debate in commercial practice. Apparent ME needed to optimize nutrient utilization may be influenced by ambient temperature. This experiment examined potential interactive effects of AME x ambient temperature from 36 to 60 d of age. A 4 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Dietary treatments were diets formulated to 3,175, 3,220, 3,265, and 3,310 kcal of AME/kg. Two temperature regimens were provided consisting of variable temperature regimen (VTR) or constant temperature regimen (CTR) set points. The VRT was 21.1 degrees C from 36 to 38 d of age, 20.2 degrees C from 39 to 42 d of age, 18.9 degrees C from 43 to 46 d of age, 17.8 degrees C from 47 to 50 d of age, 15.6 degrees C from 51 to 54 d of age, and 12.8 degrees C from 55 to 60 d of age. The CTR was 21.1 degrees C from 36 to 60 d of age. Significant AME x temperature interactions were observed for cumulative BW, BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortality. In the CTR, increasing AME led to increased BW gain but not in the VTR. As dietary AME increased, the improvement in feed conversion was more pronounced in the CTR than the VTR. With the VTR, decreasing AME increased feed consumption. The experimental treatments did not influence abdominal fat percentage or total breast meat yield. These data provide evidence that broilers exposed to CTR respond to increased AME. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III; Purswell, J. L.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kidd, M. T.; Corzo, A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 206 EP 218 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PI UT WOS:000252810600006 ER PT J AU Talaat, AM Ward, SK Wu, CW Rondon, E Tavano, C Bannantine, JP Lyons, R Johnston, SA AF Talaat, Adel M. Ward, Sarah K. Wu, Chia-Wei Rondon, Elizabeth Tavano, Christine Bannantine, John P. Lyons, Rick Johnston, Stephen A. TI Mycobacterial bacilli are metabolically active during chronic tuberculosis in murine lungs: Insights from genome-wide transcriptional profiling SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION SYSTEM; ALTERNATE SIGMA-FACTOR; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; NONREPLICATING PERSISTENCE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; AEROSOL INFECTION; MUTANT LACKING; REAL-TIME AB Chronic tuberculosis represents a major health problem for one-third of the world's population today. A key question relevant to chronic tuberculosis is the physiological status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during this important stage of infection. To examine the molecular bases of chronic tuberculosis and the role of host immunity in mycobacterial growth, we determined the mycobacterial transcriptional profiles during chronic and reactivation phases of murine tuberculosis using in vivo microarray analysis (IVMA). Following 28 days of aerosol infection, mycobacterial counts remained stable, although the bacilli were metabolically active with a 50% active transcriptome. The expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate pathways was significantly enriched during the middle stage of chronic tuberculosis, suggesting a nutrient-rich microenvironment. A total of 137 genes were significantly regulated in mid-chronic tuberculosis (45 and 60 days) compared to an early stage (14 days) of infection. Additional sets of genes, including the virulence regulator virS, were up-regulated during the reactivation stage, indicating their possible roles in mycobacterial resurgence. Interestingly, a set of potential transcriptional regulators was significantly induced at the late stage of chronic tuberculosis. Bioinformatic analysis identified a large number of genes that could be regulated by one of the potential transcriptional regulators encoded by rv0348, including the sigF operon. Taken together, IVMA provided a better definition of the transcriptional machinery activated during chronic and reactivation stages of tuberculosis and identified a novel transcriptional regulator. A similar approach can be adopted to study key stages of intracellular pathogens. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Lab Bacterial Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Innovat Med, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Talaat, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Lab Bacterial Genom, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM atalaat@wisc.edu RI Wu, Chia-wei/B-9121-2013; OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21AI066235, R21 AI066235]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32GM007215, T32 GM007215] NR 53 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 189 IS 11 BP 4265 EP 4274 DI 10.1128/JB.00011-07 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JN UT WOS:000247285900037 PM 17384189 ER PT J AU Park, JB Chen, P AF Park, Jae B. Chen, Pei TI Synthesis of safflomide and its HPLC measurement in mouse plasma after oral administration SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE n-caffeoyltryptamine; safflomide; HPLC; oral administration; mouse plasma; bioavailability ID PHENYLPROPENOIC ACID-AMIDES; N-COUMAROYLDOPAMINE; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; SEEDS; CAFFEOYLDOPAMINE; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; CELLS AB Safflomide (N-caffeoyltryptamine) is a compound belonging to a group of phenylpropanoid amides found in plants. In this study, safflomide was chemically synthesized and confirmed by LC-MS, LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopic methods, and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for quantifying safflomide in biological samples. The synthesis was simple, and the yield of safflomide was greater than 50%. Using the synthesized safflomide as a standard, HPLC separation was performed on a Nova-Pak C18 column using an isocratic buffer, and the separation was detected using a coulometric electrochemical detector. The detection of safflomide yielded an excellent peak resolution at the retention time of 21 min, and the lower limit of the detection was as little as 100 fmol. Using this HPLC method, the plasma concentrations of safflomide were determined in mouse blood, collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min following its oral administrations (I and 3 mg/30 g body weight). This HPLC method standardized with safflomide is the first reported method able to quantify the compound in standard and plasma samples with good detection limit and consistent reproducibility. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutr Lab, Bldg 307C,Room 133, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM parkj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 852 IS 1-2 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.047 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 179JV UT WOS:000247286700055 PM 17331819 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Lau, J Hu, FB Dawson-Hughes, B AF Pittas, Anastassios G. Lau, Joseph Hu, Frank B. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Review: The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Review ID CYTOSOLIC FREE CALCIUM; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CYTOKINE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INSULIN-RECEPTOR GENE; D DEFICIENCY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; PANCREATIC-SECRETION; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Context: Altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type2 DM). Evidence Acquisition and Analyses: MEDLINE review was conducted through January 2007 for observational studies and clinical trials in adults with outcomes related to glucose homeostasis. When data were available to combine, meta-analyses were performed, and summary odds ratios (OR) are presented. Evidence Synthesis: Observational studies show a relatively consistent association between low vitamin D status, calcium or dairy intake, and prevalent type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome [OR ( 95% confidence interval): type 2 DM prevalence, 0.36 (0.16-0.80) among nonblacks for highest vs. lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D; metabolic syndrome prevalence, 0.71 (0.57-0.89) for highest vs. lowest dairy intake]. There are also inverse associations with incident type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome [OR (95% confidence interval): type 2 DM incidence, 0.82 (0.72-0.93) for highest vs. lowest combined vitamin D and calcium intake; 0.86 (0.79-0.93) for highest vs. lowest dairy intake]. Evidence from trials with vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation suggests that combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation may have a role in the prevention of type 2 DM only in populations at high risk (i.e. glucose intolerance). The available evidence is limited because most observational studies are cross-sectional and did not adjust for important confounders, whereas intervention studies were short in duration, included few subjects, used a variety of formulations of vitamin D and calcium, or did post hoc analyses. Conclusions: Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency may negatively influence glycemia, whereas combined supplementation with both nutrients may be beneficial in optimizing glucose metabolism. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM apittas@tufts-nemc.org FU NIA NIH HHS [U01 AG010353]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK061506, K23 DK61506, R01 DK076092, R01 DK76092] NR 124 TC 774 Z9 813 U1 9 U2 111 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2017 EP 2029 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-0298 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 176CX UT WOS:000247061700005 PM 17389701 ER PT J AU Moreno-Luna, R Perez-Jimenez, F Marin, C Perez-Martinez, P Gomez, P Jimenez-Gomez, Y Delgado-Lista, J Moreno, JA Tanaka, T Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J AF Moreno-Luna, Rafael Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Marin, Carmen Perez-Martinez, Pablo Gomez, Purificacion Jimenez-Gomez, Yolanda Delgado-Lista, Javier Moreno, Juan A. Tanaka, Toshiko Ordovas, Jose M. Lopez-Miranda, Jose TI Two independent apolipoprotein a5 haplotypes modulate postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in a healthy Caucasian population SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATIONS; APOA5 GENE VARIANTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; RETINYL ESTERS; POLYMORPHISM; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM; RISK; MICE AB Background: Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) plays an important role in plasma triacylglycerol (TG) homeostasis. Five polymorphisms (1131T > C, c.-3A > G, c. 56C > G, IVS3 + 476G > A, and c. 1259T > C) in the APOA5 gene define three common haplotypes (APOA5* 1, APOA5* 2, and APOA5* 3) in Caucasian individuals. Our aim was to determine whether these haplotypes could modulate the postprandial response in young healthy males. Design and Methods: Eighty-eight APO E3/3 volunteers [67 with (-1131T and 56C) APOA5* 1 haplotype, 12 with (-1131C and 56C) APOA5* 2 haplotype, and nine with (-1131T and 56G) APOA5* 3 haplotype] underwent a fat load test consisting of the consumption of 1 g of fat per kilogram body weight and 60,000 IU vitamin A. Blood samples were taken at time 0, at every hour until the sixth hour, and at every 2.5 h until the 11th hour. Total plasma cholesterol (C) and TG, and C, TG, apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein B-48, and retinyl palmitate in lipoprotein fractions were determined. Results: Subjects with the APOA5* 2 and APOA5* 3 haplotypes had a higher area under the curve of total plasma TG (P = 0.03), large TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-TG (P = 0.02), small TRL-TG (P = 0.04), small TRL-C (P = 0.04), large TRL-C (P = 0.03), and small apolipoprotein B100 (P = 0.04) than subjects with the APOA5* 1 haplotype. Conclusions: Our findings show that the presence of the APOA5* 2 and APOA5* 3 haplotypes in the APOA5 gene is associated with a higher postprandial response that could be involved in the higher risk of coronary heart disease associated with the 56G and = 1131C alleles. C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lopez-Miranda, J (reprint author), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM jlopezmir@uco.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2280 EP 2285 DI 10.1210/jc.2006-1802 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 176CX UT WOS:000247061700046 PM 17356049 ER PT J AU Flores, R Coblentz, WK Ogden, RK Coffey, KP Looper, ML West, CP Rosenkrans, CF AF Flores, R. Coblentz, W. K. Ogden, R. K. Coffey, K. P. Looper, M. L. West, C. P. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of fescue type and sampling date on the ruminal disappearance kinetics of autumn-stockpiled tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tall fescue; replacement heifer; disappearance kinetics; grazing ID SITU DRY-MATTER; ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; IN-SITU; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; STEER PERFORMANCE; FIBER DEGRADATION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PASTURES; HAY; DIGESTIBILITY AB Two tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) forages, one an experimental host plant/endophyte association containing a novel endophyte ( HM4) that produces low or nil concentrations of ergot alkaloids, and the other a typical association of Kentucky 31 tall fescue and the wild-type endophyte ( Neotyphodium coenophialum; E+), were autumn-stockpiled following late-summer clipping and fertilization with 56 kg/ha of N to assess the nutritive value and ruminal disappearance kinetics of autumn-stockpiled tall fescue forages. Beginning on December 4, 2003, sixteen 361 +/- 56.4-kg replacement dairy heifers were stratified by weight and breeding and assigned to one of four 1.6-ha pastures ( 2 each of E+ and HM4) that were strip-grazed throughout the winter. Pastures were sampled before grazing was initiated ( December 4), each time heifers were allowed access to a fresh strip ( December 26, January 15, and February 4), and when the study was terminated ( February 26). For fiber components, there were no interactions between fescue type and sampling date for either pregrazed or postgrazed forages. Over sampling dates, neutral detergent fiber ( NDF; 56.5 to 67.8%), acid detergent fiber ( 27.7 to 34.9%), hemicellulose ( 28.8 to 34.0%), cellulose ( 25.0 to 28.1%), and lignin ( 3.61 to 10.05%) varied with sampling date, but patterns were almost exclusively curvilinear with time. Ruminal disappearance rate of dry matter ( DM) was not affected by any treatment factor ( overall mean for both pregrazed and postgrazed forages = 0.050 h(-1)); similar responses were observed for NDF disappearance ( overall mean = 0.048 h(-1)). Interactions of fescue type and sampling date were observed for both pregrazed and postgrazed forages with respect to effective ruminal disappearance of DM; however, estimates were relatively high for all forages ( overall mean = 64.0%). Effective disappearance of NDF was relatively extensive for all forages ( overall mean = 55.4% of NDF). Based on the results of this trial, the endophyte status of stockpiled tall fescue forages had little practical effect on forage nutritive value and kinetics of ruminal DM or NDF disappearance. Overall, autumn-stockpiled tall fescue forages would appear to be a legitimate and lower cost alternative to harvested forages, and appear to possess suitable nutritional characteristics for developing dairy heifers in the Ozark Highlands. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM coblentz@wisc.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2883 EP 2896 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-726 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 169PD UT WOS:000246603200032 PM 17517728 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Upton, JE AF Munyaneza, J. E. Crosslin, J. M. Upton, J. E. TI Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera : Psyllidae) with "zebra chip," a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactericera cockerelli; zebra chip; potato; phytoplasma ID BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; COLUMBIA BASIN; PEAR DECLINE; PLANTS; YELLOWS; CICADELLIDAE; TRANSMISSION; WASHINGTON; AGENT AB A new defect of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., "zebra chip," so named for the characteristic symptoms that develop in fried chips from infected potato tubers, has recently been documented in several southwestern states of the United States, in Mexico, and in Central America. This defect is causing millions of dollars in losses to both potato producers and processors. Zebra chip plant symptoms resemble those caused by potato purple top and psyllid yellows diseases. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the association between the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and zebra chip by exposing clean potato plants to this insect under greenhouse and field conditions. Potato plants and tubers exhibiting zebra chip symptoms were tested for phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Potato psyllids collected from infected potato fields also were tested. Results indicated that there was an association between the potato psyllid and zebra chip. Plants exposed to psyllids in the greenhouse and field developed zebra chip. In the greenhouse, 25.8 and 59.2% of tubers exhibited zebra chip symptoms in the raw tubers and fried chips, respectively. In the field, 15 and 57% of tubers showed symptoms in raw tubers and chips, respectively. No zebra chip was observed in tubers from plants that had not been exposed to psyllids, either in the greenhouse or field. No phytoplasmas were detected from potato plants or tubers with zebra chip symptoms, suggesting that these pathogens are not involved in zebra chip. Of the 47 samples of potato psyllids tested, only two tested positive for the Columbia Basin potato purple top phytoplasma. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM munyaneza@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 181 Z9 201 U1 2 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300003 PM 17598522 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Hirose, E Aldrich, JR AF Martin, Phyllis A. W. Hirose, Edson Aldrich, Jeffrey R. TI Toxicity of Chromobacterium subtsugae to southern green stink bug (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) and corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; Nezara viridula; biocontrol ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; DIABROTICA; VIOLACEUM; PATHOGENS; NEZARA; BAIT AB Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetles and southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), are pests on corn, Zea mays L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., as well as on cucurbits. Control of these insects has depended on chemicals. An alternative to chemical control is the use of biologicals. Use of bacteria, fungi, viruses, pheromones, and metabolites to control these insects can potentially improve resistance management and reduce pesticide use. Other than Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, few bacteria have been discovered that are lethal to either of these pests. Chromobacterium subtsugae Martin et al., a newly described bacterium that is known to be toxic to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae, was found to be toxic to both diabroticite adult beetles and southern green stink bug adults. In laboratory assays, toxins produced by these bacteria kill 80-100% of the adults of two species of diabroticite beetles, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and 100% of southern green stink bug adults within 6 d. For green stink bug, live bacteria were not needed for toxicity. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM phyllis.martin@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 680 EP 684 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[680:TOCSTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300006 PM 17598525 ER PT J AU Chen, WL Leopold, RA AF Chen, Wen-Long Leopold, Roger A. TI Progeny quality of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) reared on stored eggs of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold storage; glassy-winged sharpshooter; host suitability; fitness; egg parasitoid ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; OOENCYRTUS-ENNOMOPHAGUS HYMENOPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; HOMOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITOIDS; TEMPERATURE; ENCYRTIDAE; JACKKNIFE; EVOLUTION AB This study assessed the effects of refrigerated storage on the suitability of eggs of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), as hosts for propagation of the parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Development of the host eggs was terminated by chilling at 2 degrees C for 5 d before storage was initiated at 10 degrees C for up to 70 d. Parasitism, adult emergence rate, developmental time, and sex ratio were used to gauge the suitability of the eggs as hosts after storage. In addition to these measures, demographic growth parameters also were used to assess the quality of the wasp progeny through the F-2 generation. Host eggs stored 20 d remained fully acceptable to the wasps for attack. Although the parasitism rate decreased with storage time, > 80% adult parasitoid emergence was realized from eggs stored 30 d. After 70 d storage, adult emergence rate was decreased by 48%, fecundity decreased by 53%, female production by 19%, developmental time was extended 3 d, and female longevity was shortened 5 d. The emergence pattern of F-1 but not F-2 adults varied with storage time of the parental and grand-parental hosts, respectively. For the F-2 generation, emergence rate, development, and sex ratio did not vary with storage time when the F-1 parents parasitized fresh host eggs. Demographic parameters for the F, population showed that net reproductive rate was > 20 although it decreased significantly after their parental host eggs were stored for > 30 d. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase, population doubling time, and mean generation time decreased only after storage for 60 d. Our results show that short-term cold storage could be used for maintaining wasp populations in a mass-rearing program and that the detrimental effects of chilling host eggs in storage for over 30 d do not extend to F-2 generation. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM leopoldr@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 685 EP 694 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[685:PQOGAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300007 PM 17598526 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Hilton, R Knight, AL Lacey, LA AF Arthurs, S. P. Hilton, R. Knight, A. L. Lacey, L. A. TI Evaluation of the pear ester kairomone as a formulation additive for the granulovirus of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in pome fruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kairomone; CpGV; ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate; apple; pear ID CYDIA-POMONELLA L.; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; OVIPOSITION STIMULANT; ALPHA-FARNESENE; APPLE ORCHARDS; ETHYL (E; LARVAE; OLETHREUTIDAE; Z)-2,4-DECADIENOATE; PERSISTENCE AB (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) is a larval kairomone for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Orchard studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, and pear, Pyrus communis L., to evaluate a 5% active ingredient (Al), microencapsulated formulation of pear ester (PE-MEC) as an insecticidal additive for the codling moth granulovirus (CpGV). Although CpGV applied at 5-15-d intervals at commercial rates (2.2 x 10(12-)10(13) granules per ha) killed the majority (82-94%) of larvae found inside infested fruit, it did not eliminate significant damage, i.e., 30-92% fruit injury at harvest versus 51-82% in controls. PE-MEC treatments had significant but inconsistent results in our tests. In apple (mixed cultivars), PE-MEC (3.7-4.7 g [AI]/ha) plus CpGV reduced the percentage of fruit injured during the second but not the first larval generation, compared with CpGV alone, but there no was no additional population reduction (live larvae collected from infested fruit and tree bands). In 'Bartlett' pear, PE-MEC (3.7 g [AI/ha) plus CpGV significantly increased larval mortality and reduced deep fruit entries at harvest over CpGV alone in 2006, but similar improvements were not observed in 2005 when a lower rate (1.5 g [AI/ha) was tested. Surprisingly, compared with untreated controls, the PE-MEC formulation alone also reduced fruit injury (mid-season in Bartlett) and larval survivorship inside infested fruit at harvest (2006 apple tests and both years in Bartlett). Although pear ester seems amenable as a kairomonal adjuvant for use with insecticides, our inconsistent data with CpGV in apple and pear suggest practical improvements in formulation and application strategies (e.g., to optimize and maintain attractive release rates) are needed. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Labs, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Oregon State Univ, So Oregon Res & Extens Ctr, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Labs, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM sarthurs@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 702 EP 709 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[702:EOTPEK]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300009 PM 17598528 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, Yong-Biao TI Ultralow oxygen treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips on broccoli SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE controlled atmosphere; ultralow oxygen; quarantine treatment; western flower thrips; postharvest quality ID STORED BROCCOLI; ATMOSPHERE; METHANETHIOL; FLORETS; STORAGE; AIR; EMISSION; QUALITY; LETTUCE AB Laboratory studies were conducted to develop ultralow oxygen (ULO) treatment for controlling western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on broccoli at a low temperature of IT. Complete control was achieved in 5 d at 0.003% oxygen. Oxygen level affected efficacy of ULO treatment. At a higher oxygen level of 0.03%,6-d treatment killed approximate to 85% of thrips, and 10-d treatment killed all thrips. The 5-d ULO treatment with 0.003% oxygen was successfully tested on iced commercial broccoli of several cultivars without any noticeable negative effects on shelf-life and postharvest quality. The ULO treatment provided a safe and effective alternative to methyl bromide fumigation for postharvest control of western flower thrips on exported broccoli for industrial development. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM yliu@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 717 EP 722 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[717:UOTFPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300011 PM 17598530 ER PT J AU Uchida, GK Mackey, BE McInnis, DO Vargas, RI AF Uchida, Grant K. Mackey, Bruce E. McInnis, Donald O. Vargas, Roger I. TI Attraction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera : Tephritidae) and nontarget insects to methyl eugenol bucket traps with different preservative fluids on Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preservatives; nontarget insects; propylene glycol; ethylene glycol; mineral oil ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; WIDE PEST-MANAGEMENT; MALE ANNIHILATION; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PITFALL TRAP; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE; ABUNDANCE AB Attraction of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and nontarget insects to preservative fluids ethylene glycol antifreeze, propylene glycol antifreeze, or mineral oil in bucket traps that contained captured decaying male oriental fruit flies, a male lure (methyl eugenol), and a toxicant (DDVP vapor insecticidal strip) were compared with dry control traps. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater numbers of B. dorsalis were captured in propylene glycol antifreeze traps than in other attractant trap types. Among attractant trap types with lowest negative impacts on nontarget insects, control traps captured significantly lower numbers of three species and one morphospecies of scavenger flies, one species of plant-feeding fly, and one species each of sweet and lipid-feeding ants. Mineral oil traps captured significantly lower numbers of two species of scavengers flies and one morphospecies of plant-feeding fly, and one species of sweet-feeding ant. Because of the fragile nature of endemic Hawaiian insect fauna, the propylene glycol antifreeze bucket trap is best suited for use in environments (e.g., non-native habitats) where endemic species are known to be absent and mineral oil traps are more suited for minimizing insect captures in environmentally sensitive habitats. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Serv Res Educ Econ, Pacific W Area, St Albany, CA 94720 USA. RP Uchida, GK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 2727 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[723:AOBDDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300012 PM 17598531 ER PT J AU Jia, FY Maghirang, E Dowell, F Abel, C Ramaswamy, S AF Jia, Fengyou Maghirang, Elizabeth Dowell, Floyd Abel, Craig Ramaswamy, Sonny TI Differentiating tobacco budworm and corn earworm using near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; species identification ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; GENETIC-BASIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; EGGS; IDENTIFICATION; BOLLWORM; GROWTH AB Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop a simple and quick technique to differentiate two economically important species, the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), which are major pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southern United States. In practice, it is difficult to distinguish the two species during their immature stages using morphological characteristics unless expensive microscopy equipment or trained technicians are available. The current studies demonstrated that the two species could be quickly and readily differentiated during early developmental stages, including egg and young larval (younger than third instar) stages, by using NIRS technology with up to 95% accuracy. NIRS technology could significantly improve pest diagnosis in cotton pest management. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Jia, FY (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jia@ksu.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 759 EP 764 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[759:DTBACE]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300017 PM 17598536 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Hubbard, JL Flanders, KL AF Mankin, R. W. Hubbard, J. L. Flanders, K. L. TI Acoustic indicators for mapping infestation probabilities of soil invertebrates SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sound; geospatial mapping; SADIE; geostatistics; soil insects ID WHITE GRUBS COLEOPTERA; JAPANESE-BEETLE; COUNT DATA; SCARABAEIDAE; DENSITIES; INSECTS; PLANTS AB Acoustic and traditional excavation methods were used inconsecutive summers to conduct two geospatial surveys of distributions of white grubs and other soil invertebrates in two forage fields. indicator variables were constructed from listener- and computer-based assessments of sounds detected at each recording site and then applied in geostatistical analysis, contingency analysis, and spatial analysis of distance indices (SADIE) of soil invertebrate distributions. Significant relationships were identified between the acoustic indicators and the counts of sound-producing soil invertebrates in a majority of the geostatistical and contingency analyses. Significant clusterings and overall spatial associations were identified also in most of the SADIE analyses. In addition, significant local spatial associations were identified between acoustic indicators and counts of sound-producing soil invertebrates that could be of potential value in selection of specific sites as targets for treatment or for untreated reserves in integrated pest management programs. An example is presented of the relative efficiency of acoustic surveys for targeting of white grub treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rmankin@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 790 EP 800 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[790:AIFMIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300021 PM 17598540 ER PT J AU Miller, DR AF Miller, Daniel R. TI Limonene: Attractant kairomone for white pine cone beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in an eastern white pine seed orchard in western North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conophthorus coniperda; Scolytidae; kairomone; Cleridae; Enoclerus nigripes ID CONOPHTHORUS-CONIPERDA SCHWARZ; BANKSIANAE MCPHERSON COLEOPTERA; RESINOSAE COLEOPTERA; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; ALPHA-PINENE; LIFE-HISTORY; PHEROMONES; PITYOL; RESPONSES; HOPKINS AB I report on the attraction of the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to traps baited with the host monoterpene limonene in western North Carolina. Both (+)- and (-)-limonene attracted male and female cone beetles to Japanese beetle traps in an eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., seed orchard near Murphy, NC. Catches of cone beetles were directly proportional to the release rate of (-) -limonene; (+) -limonene was not tested for dose response. Attraction of cone beetles to the pheromone (+/-)-trans-pityol was increased significantly by both enantiomers of limonene. In all experiments, catches of C. coniperda were strongly male biased with no treatment effect on sex ratio. (-)-Limonene had no effect on trap catches of the predator Enoclerus nigripes (Say) to pityol, whereas (+)-limonene interrupted the attraction of E. nigripes to traps baited with pityol. Of six monoterpenes commonly found in white pine cones, only (-)-alpha-pinene elicited attraction of E. nigripes to Japanese beetle traps. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[815:LAKFWP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300024 PM 17598543 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Lapointe, SL Wenninger, EJ AF Hall, Dand G. Lapointe, Stephen L. Wenninger, Erik J. TI Effects of a particle film on biology and behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) and its infestations in citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surround; kaolin; phenology; greening disease; huanglongbing ID HOMOPTERA; DISEASE; FLORIDA; PEAR; CURCULIONIDAE; SUPPRESSION; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; COLEOPTERA; APPLE AB Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of a kaolin-based hydrophilic particle film, Surround WP, on the biology and behavior of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and to assess population densities of D. citri in citrus subjected to monthly applications of Surround WP. Laboratory investigations indicated a 3% (wt:vol) suspension of Surround WP in water applied directly was not acutely toxic to eggs, older nymphs or adults. Presence of the dried particle film on leaves interfered with the ability of adults to grasp and walk on citrus leaves. During a 30-s period, adults spent an average of 5 s moving on leaves with particle film compared with 16 s on leaves without particle film. When leaves were inverted, a significantly higher percentage of adults fell or flew, from treated leaves (53%) than untreated leaves (16%). In a 12-mo study investigating infestations of D. citri on citrus treated monthly with Surround WP, cumulative reductions of 78% in adult numbers on mature leaves and of 60% in adult numbers on flush shoots (immature leaves) were observed in treated trees compared with untreated trees. Numbers of eggs and nymphs per flush shoot were reduced by 85 and 78%, respectively, in trees treated with particle film. Reductions in infestation levels of D. citri in treated trees were attributed to the negative effects of the particle film on the ability of adults to grasp, move, and oviposit. The suppressive effects of a Surround treatment against adult psyllids were degraded by rain. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dhall@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 847 EP 854 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[847:EOAPFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300028 PM 17598547 ER PT J AU Raina, A Bland, J Doolittle, M Lax, A Boopathy, R Folkins, M AF Raina, Ashok Bland, John Doolittle, Mark Lax, Alan Boopathy, Raj Folkins, Michael TI Effect of orange oil extract on the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; orange oil extract; d-limonene; fumigation; tunneling behavior ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; D-LIMONENE; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; TOXICITY; COMPONENTS; REPELLENT; INSECTS; SHIRAKI; LEAF AB The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), accidentally brought into the United States, has become a major urban pest, causing damage to structures and five trees. Because of increasing restrictions on the use of conventional termiticides, attention is focused on finding safer alternative methods for termite management. Oil from citrus peel, referred to here as orange oil extract (OOE), contains approximate to 92% d-limonene, and it is generally known to be toxic to insects. In laboratory experiments, 96 and 68% termites were killed in 5 d when OOE at 5 ppm (vol:vol) was dispensed from the top or bottom, respectively, with termites held at the opposite end of a tight-fitting plastic container. Apart from high mortality, workers exposed to vapor consumed significantly less filter paper than controls. However, when termites were exposed to OOE vapor, even at 10 ppm, in the void of a model wall, there was very little mortality. Termites did not tunnel through glass tubes filled with sand treated with 0.2 or 0.4% OOE. Sand treated with OOE was extracted each week for 8 wk to determine the remaining amount of d-limonene. Results indicated that there was a sharp decline in the quantity of d-limonene during the first 3 wk to a residual level that gradually decreased over the remaining period. With a suitable method of application and in combination with other control practices, OOE can be effectively used for the control of subterranean termites. C1 USDA ARS, FSTRU, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, FSTRU, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 880 EP 885 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[880:EOOOEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300032 PM 17598551 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Silvie, P Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, Rod N. Silvie, Pierre Meagher, Robert L. TI Comparison of haplotype frequencies differentiate fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) corn-strain populations from Florida and Brazil SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; cytochrome oxidase I; armyworm ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; HOST STRAINS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RICE; BERMUDAGRASS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; ADAPTATION; PHEROMONE AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major economic pest throughout the Western Hemisphere. Populations can be subdivided into two morphologically identical but genetically distinct strains (corn-strain and rice-strain) that differ in their host plant preferences. These strains can be distinguished by using polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Additional sequence analysis of this locus identified two sites that were highly polymorphic in the corn-strain population and that produced four different haplotype subgroups. Comparisons of the frequency distribution of these haplotypes found no seasonal or plant host specificities, but they did demonstrate that the Brazil corn-strain population is different from corn-strain fall armyworm found in Florida. The development of a rapid means of distinguishing fall armyworm populations originating from Brazil versus Florida provides an opportunity for investigating and comparing the genetic complexity and long-range movements of this important agricultural C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. IRD, CIRAD SHIS, BR-71635350 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 954 EP 961 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[954:COHFDF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300042 PM 17598561 ER PT J AU Daves, CA Williams, WP Davis, FM AF Daves, C. A. Williams, W. P. Davis, F. M. TI Impact of plant resistance on southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) biology and plant damage SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; southwestern corn borer ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBLE CORN; MAIZE GERMPLASMS; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; PYRALIDAE; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; INFESTATION; HYBRIDS AB Southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a major insect pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern United States. Germplasm lines with resistance to southwestern corn borer have been developed and released by the USDA-ARS. Two single-cross hybrids produced by crossing germplasm lines with resistance to southwestern corn borer and a susceptible single-cross hybrid were infested with southwestern corn borer larvae in a 2-yr field test conducted in Mississippi. The susceptible hybrid sustained significantly more leaf damage and stalk tunneling than either resistant hybrid. The number of tunnels and the length of tunneling were significantly lower on the resistant hybrids. In 2003, up to 15 times more tunneling was observed on the susceptible hybrid. Larvae feeding on the resistant hybrids were delayed in their movement from the whorl to the stalk and larval survival was 50% lower on the resistant hybrids than on the susceptible hybrid. Larvae recovered from the susceptible hybrid 7-14 d after infestation weighed twice as much as those recovered from the resistant hybrids. Similar differences in larval weight were observed in the laboratory when larvae were reared on diets prepared from lyophilized tissue from the three hybrids. These results provide a foundation for other investigations designed to identify and determine the roles of specific genes and gene families associated with southwestern corn borer resistance in corn. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Daves, CA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM cdaves@pss.msstate.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 969 EP 975 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[969:IOPROS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300044 PM 17598563 ER PT J AU Daves, CA Williams, WP Davis, FM Baker, GT Ma, PWK Monroe, WA Mohan, S AF Daves, C. A. Williams, W. P. Davis, F. M. Baker, G. T. Ma, P. W. K. Monroe, W. A. Mohan, S. TI Plant resistance and its effect on the Peritrophic membrane of southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; peritrophic membrane; southwestern corn borer ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM LINE; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; MAIZE; REGISTRATION; PYRALIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; MATRIX; MECHANISMS AB The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a serious pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern United States. Corn germplasm lines with conventional genetic leaf-feeding resistance to this pest, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and other lepidopterans have been released to the public by USDA-ARS scientists located in Mississippi. Recent studies suggest the insect resistant lines disrupt the integrity of the peritrophic membrane of the fall armyworm. The objectives of this study were to investigate any morphological differences in the structure of the peritrophic membrane of southwestern corn borer larvae feeding on resistant and susceptible corn hybrids and to quantify the damage. Larvae were reared under field and laboratory conditions on three corn hybrids (two resistant and one susceptible). Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the peritrophic membrane for abnormalities such as holes or tears and to count the holes or tears in the membrane. Differences in the degree of damage to peritrophic membrane of larvae fed on resistant and susceptible plants were not detected. Up to five distinct layers of the membrane were observed in each larva. Variation in the amounts of damage to the peritrophic membrane observed from larvae feeding on all plant material was high. Plant resistance adversely affects growth and development of southwestern corn borer larvae, and further investigations are needed to explain the role of plant resistance and its relation to peritrophic membrane in southwestern corn borer larvae. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Electron Microscope Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Daves, CA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 976 EP 983 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[976:PRAIEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174NZ UT WOS:000246950300045 PM 17598564 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI Computer simulation of heat transfer during in-package pasteurization of beef frankfurters by hot water immersion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE thermal processing; Listeria monocytogenes; simulation; modeling ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STEAM; LETHALITY; BOLOGNA AB The objective of this research was to develop methods for simulating the heat transfer process during pasteurization of frankfurter in single layer packages by hot water immersion to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes. A computer simulation program based on finite difference analysis was developed to simulate the temperature distributions within the frankfurter packages. This program was first used to estimate the apparent thermal diffusivity and surface heat transfer coefficients during the heating and cooling of frankfurters. Then this computer program was used to simulate the heat transfer processes during hot water pasteurization of frankfurters. The results of computer simulation indicated that the simulated temperature histories were in close agreement with the experimentally observed curves, both at the center and on the surface of the packages. The computer simulation model was biologically validated with frankfurters surfaced-inoculated with freshly grown L. monocytogenes. The observed bacterial reductions were generally 1-2 logs higher than those calculated by the General Method when the heating time was short. The theoretical calculation was more accurate when the heating time was long and the total inactivation was > 5 logs. In general, the result of computer simulation for calculating the log reduction was more conservative than the experimental observations, therefore suitable for designing processes to ensure the safety of products and to reduce the incidence of foodborne listeriosis associated with RTE meats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lhuang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 839 EP 849 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.07.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 138SU UT WOS:000244383600012 ER PT J AU Sanders, SQ Boothe, DH Frank, JF Arnold, JW AF Sanders, Sheriase Q. Boothe, Dorothy H. Frank, Joseph F. Arnold, Judy W. TI Culture and detection of Campylobacter jejuni within mixed microbial populations of biofilms on stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; SPECIES BIOFILMS; DETACHMENT; GROWTH; MARKER; SURVIVAL; SURFACES; GFP AB Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently reported cause of foodborne illness in the United States, but its survival outside the host is poor. The objective of this research was to examine the formation and composition of biofilms by C. jejuni alone and within mixed bacterial populations from the poultry-processing environment. C. jejuni growth was assessed with four media, two temperatures, and two atmospheric conditions to develop culture methods for liquid media that would allow growth within the biofilms. Growth kinetics was followed at four cell densities to determine temporal compatibility within biofilm mixtures. Analysis of the biofilms by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that C. jejuni formed a biofilm when incubated without other bacteria. The average surface area of stainless steel covered by C. jejuni increased by 50% from 24 to 48 h, remained level to 96 h, and then decreased by 88% by 168 h. C. jejuni and mixed bacterial populations formed biofilms during incubation periods of up to 7 days. The area of the mixture was significantly greater than for C. jejuni alone at 24 h, was approximately the same at 48 h, and was significantly less by 168 h. When incubated with either of two initial inoculum densities of other bacteria, the number of C. jejuni was enhanced after 24 h. The intensity of fluorescence and cell viability were monitored by epifluorescence microscopy. This study provides the basis for studying interactions of Campylobacter spp. with other bacteria in the environment, which will aid in the design of effective intervention strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jarnold@ars.saa.usda.gov NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1385 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 176MY UT WOS:000247090600010 PM 17612067 ER PT J AU Alvarez, I Niemira, BA Fan, XT Sommers, CH AF Alvarez, Ignacio Niemira, Brendan A. Fan, Xuetong Sommers, Christopher H. TI Inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella Senftenberg in liquid whole egg using generally recognized as safe additives, ionizing radiation, and heat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; SORBIC ACID; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; BACILLUS-CEREUS; NISIN; SENSITIVITY; IRRADIATION AB The effect of combining irradiation and heat (i.e., irradiation followed by heat [IR-H]) on Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Senftenberg inoculated into liquid whole egg (LWE) with added nisin, EDTA, sorbic acid, carvacrol, or combinations of these GRAS (generally recognized as safe) additives was investigated. Synergistic reductions of Salmonella populations were observed when LWE samples containing GRAS additives were treated by gamma radiation (0.3 and 1.0 kGy), heat (57 and 60 degrees C), or IR-H. The presence of additives reduced the initial radiation D-gamma-values (radiation doses required to eliminate 90% of the viable cells) by 1.2- to 1.5-fold, the thermal decimal reduction times (D-t-values) by up to 3.5- and 1.8-fold at 57 and 60 degrees C, respectively, and the thermal D-t-values after irradiation treatments by up to 3.4- and 1.5-fold at 57 and 60 degrees C, respectively, for both Salmonella serovars. Of all the additives investigated, nisin at a concentration of 100 IU/ml was the most effective at reducing the heat treatment times needed to obtain a 5-log reduction of Salmonella. Thus, while treatments of 21.6 min at 57 degrees C orof 5 min at 60 degrees C should be applied to achieve a 5-log reduction for Salmonella in LYVE, only 5.5 min at 57 degrees C or 2.3 min at 60 degrees C after a 0.3-kGy radiation pretreatment was required when nisin at a concentration of 100 IU/ml was used. The synergistic reduction of Salmonella viability by IR-H treatments in the presence of GRAS additives could enable LWE producers to reduce the temperature or processing time of thermal treatments (current standards are 60 degrees C for 3.5 min in the United States) or to increase the level of Salmonella inactivation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Alvarez, Ignacio/M-1236-2015 OI Alvarez, Ignacio/0000-0003-2430-858X NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1409 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 176MY UT WOS:000247090600013 PM 17612070 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Bari, ML Inatsu, Y Kawamoto, S Friedman, M AF Juneja, Vijay K. Bari, M. L. Inatsu, Y. Kawamoto, S. Friedman, Mendel TI Control of Clostridium perfringens spores by green tea leaf extracts during cooling of cooked ground beef, chicken, and pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CAMELLIA-SINENSIS; OREGANO OIL; CATECHINS; BACTERIA; ANTIBACTERIAL; POLYPHENOLS; FLAVONOIDS; TURKEY; MODEL AB We investigated the inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by two green tea extracts with low (green tea leaf powder [GTL]; 141 mg of total catechins per g of green tea extract) and high (green tea leaf extract [GTE]; 697 mg of total catechins per g of extract) catechin levels during abusive chilling of retail cooked ground beef, chicken, and pork. Green tea extracts were mixed into the thawed beef, chicken, and pork at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (wt/wt), along with a heat-activated (75 degrees C for 20 min) three-strain spore cocktail to obtain a final concentration of similar to 3 log spores per g. Samples (5 g) of the ground beef, chicken, and pork were then vacuum packaged and cooked to 71 degrees C for 1 h in a temperature-controlled water bath. Thereafter, the products were cooled from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 12, 15, 18, or 21 h, resulting in significant increases (P < 0.05) in the germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens populations in the ground beef, chicken, and pork control samples without GTL or GTE. Supplementation with 0.5 to 2% levels of GTL did not inhibit C. perfringens growth from spores. In contrast, the addition of 0.5 to 2% levels of GTE to beef, chicken, and pork resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of C. perfringens growth from spores. At a 2% level of GTE, a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of growth occurred at all chill rates for cooked ground beef, chicken, and pork. These results suggest that widely consumed catechins from green tea can reduce the potential risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during abusive cooling from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 12, 15, 18, or 21 h of cooling for ground beef, chicken, and pork. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1429 EP 1433 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 176MY UT WOS:000247090600016 PM 17612073 ER PT J AU Feder, I Gray, JT Pearce, RA Fratamico, PM Bush, E Porto-Fett, A Wallace, FM Fedorka-Cray, PJ Luchansky, JB AF Feder, Ingrid Gray, Jeffrey T. Pearce, Rachel A. Fratamico, Pina M. Bush, Eric Porto-Fett, Anna Wallace, F. Morgan Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Luchansky, John B. TI Testing of swine feces obtained through the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study for the presence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; PIGS; CATTLE; SWITZERLAND; SLAUGHTER; SAMPLES; ASSAYS; SHEEP AB Fecal samples collected from healthy pigs from 13 of the top 17 swine-producing states were tested for Escherichia coli O157:H7 as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2000 study. Serogroup O157 strains were isolated from 106 of 2,526 fecal samples. None of the isolates were positive by PCR for the fliC(h7) (H7 flagellin) gene or for the hly(933) (hemolysin) gene; however, one isolate was positive for the stx(1) gene (Shiga toxin 1), an additional four isolates were positive for the stx(2) gene (Shiga toxin 2), and three isolates possessed the eae gene (intimin). C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Natl Anim Hlth Surveillance, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1489 EP 1492 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 176MY UT WOS:000247090600024 PM 17612081 ER PT J AU Smith, D Altekruse, SF Bailey, JS AF Smith, D. Altekruse, S. F. Bailey, J. S. TI Assessment of post-hurricane katrina recovery in poultry slaughter establishments SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA; STRESS; CAMPYLOBACTER; CARCASSES AB Control of bacterial contamination during poultry slaughter can be compromised by natural disaster. In October 2005, disaster recovery was evaluated in I I broiler slaughter establishments I month after operations were disrupted by Hurricane Katrina. A questionnaire was administered to characterize the establishment's operational disruption. Carcass rinses were collected at the early and late stage of the slaughter process (rehang and postchill). Counts for generic Escherichia coli were determined for all rinses. Salmonella culture and serotyping were performed on postchill samples. Historical U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service data on the presence of Salmonella also were examined. The mean duration of disruption was 6.3 days (range, 3 to 9 days). Loss of utilities (electricity and water) was the cause of prolonged recoveries. Most establishments (64%) did not exceed the m performance criteria threshold for generic E. coli (> 2 log or 100 CFU/m1) during the recovery period. The mean reduction in E. coli counts between rehang and postchill was 2.3 log or 200 CFU/ml (range, 0.9 to 3.1 log CFU/ml). Rinse samples from 5 of I I establishments were positive for Salmonella. Of 12 Salmonella isolates that were recovered, eight were Salmonella Kentucky. Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Thompson were recovered from one establishment, and two isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from another. This study provided empirical reassurance that the establishments' processes controlled bacterial contamination. Data on reductions in E. coli counts during poultry slaughter may help establishments control microbial contamination. Other data (e.g., Salmonella and Campylobacter enumeration) may also have merit for this purpose. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance La, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM david.smith@fsis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1501 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 176MY UT WOS:000247090600026 PM 17612083 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Gordon, SH AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Gordon, Sherald H. TI Thermal and spectral properties of transglutaminase-crosslinked wheat gluten in TRIS-HCl SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN 11S GLOBULIN; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SOY PROTEIN; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GLASS-TRANSITION; LINKING; ISOLATE; BLENDS AB Wheat gluten (10 g) was crosslinked (XL) using 10 units of transglutaminase (TG) in 2 L 0.1 M TRIS-HCl, pH 7.5. The suspension was stirred for 24 h at 40C and freeze-dried as-is or dialyzed and then freeze-dried. The XL material was tested using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), where 25-30 mg was placed in a stainless steel pan and heated from 20 to 200C at 7C/min. The samples were subjected to three heating and cooling cycles. The MDSC data of the undialyzed sample showed two endothermic transitions during the first cycle and an exothermic followed by an endothermic transition on the second cycle. Further analysis showed that the two transitions of the first cycle are the melting of the TRIS. The first cycle of the dialyzed sample displayed two glass transitions at 46.0C with 0.11 J/g/C and 130.0C with 0.29 J/g/C, followed by an exothermic transition at 120.7C onset, 150.6C peak with 14.8 J/g Delta H. The second cycle of the dialyzed material showed one broad glass transition at 97.3C and 0.495 J/g/C. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed differences between crosslinked and uncrosslinked gluten and provided spectral evidence of molecular interaction between gluten and TRIS. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 386 EP 402 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00129.x PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 172HG UT WOS:000246794200008 ER PT J AU Brinley, TA Dock, CN Truong, VD Coronel, P Kumar, P Simunovic, J Sandeep, KP Cartwright, GD Swartzel, KR Jaykus, LA AF Brinley, T. A. Dock, C. N. Truong, V.-D. Coronel, P. Kumar, P. Simunovic, J. Sandeep, K. P. Cartwright, G. D. Swartzel, K. R. Jaykus, L.-A. TI Feasibility of utilizing bioindicators for testing microbial inactivation in sweetpotato purees processed with a continuous-flow microwave system SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aseptic; bloindicators; continuous-flow; microwave; purees ID STERILIZATION PROCESSES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; VALIDATION; SPORES; BACILLUS; FOOD AB Continuous-flow microwave heating has potential in a septic processing of various food products, including purees from sweetpotatoes and other vegetables. Establishing the feasibility of a new processing technology for achieving commercial sterility requires evaluating microbial inactivation. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using commercially available plastic pouches of bioindicators containing spores of Geobacillius stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 35021 for evaluating the degree of microbial inactivation achieved in vegetable purees processed in a continuous-How microwave heating unit. Sweetpotato puree seeded with the bioindicators was subjected to 3 levels of processing based on the fastest particles: undertarget process (F-0 approximately 0.65), target process (F-0 approximately 2.8), and overtarget process (F-0 approximately 10.10). After initial experiments, we found it was necessary to engineer a setup with 2 removable tubes connected to the continuous-flow microwave system to facilitate the injection of indicators into the unit without interrupting the puree flow. Using this approach, 60% of the indicators injected into the system could be recovered postprocess. Spore survival after processing, as evaluated by use of growth indicator dyes and standard plating methods, verified inactivation of the spores in sweetpotato puree. The log reduction results for B. subtilis were equivalent to the predesigned degrees of sterilization F-0). This study presents the first report suggesting that bioindicators such as the flexible, food-grade plastic pouches can be used for microbial validation of commercial sterilization in aseptic processing of foods using a continuous-flow microwave system. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, S Atlantic Area Food Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, S Atlantic Area Food Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM den.truong@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP E235 EP E242 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00371.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 186LM UT WOS:000247780200021 PM 17995721 ER PT J AU Guo, W Trabels, S Nelson, SO Jones, DR AF Guo, W. Trabels, S. Nelson, S. O. Jones, D. R. TI Storage effects on dielectric properties of eggs from 10 to 1800 MHz SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE albumen; ash content; dielectric properties; egg; moisture content; storage; yolk ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; BULK-DENSITY; SHELL EGGS; QUALITY; FOODS; GHZ; DENATURATION; TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCIES AB The dielectric constant and loss factor of egg albumen and egg yolk over the frequency range from 10 to 1800 MHz were measured at 24 degrees C at weekly intervals during 5-wk storage at 15 degrees C. Moisture and ash contents of albumen and yolk, as well as Haugh unit and yolk index, were also measured. The dielectric constant and loss factor of albumen were higher than those of yolk. Linear relationships were evident between the log of frequency, below about 1000 MHz, and the log of loss factor of albumen as well as that of yolk. The dielectric constants of albumen and yolk at 10 MHz were lower than those of fresh albumen and yolk when eggs were stored at 15 degrees C for I wk. However, after 2 wk in storage these dielectric constants rose and remained at higher levels for the rest of the 5-wk period. At frequencies of 100 MHz and higher, the dielectric constant was essentially constant during the entire storage period. Storage had much less influence on the loss factor of either albumen or yolk. In general, the moisture content and ash content of albumen and yolk decreased slightly as eggs aged. The moisture content of yolk increased somewhat with storage, and there was a corresponding decrease In albumen moisture content. The freshness qualities, Haugh unit and yolk index, also decreased as eggs aged. No obvious correlation between dielectric properties and moisture content, ash content, Haugh unit, or yolk index was observed. C1 NW Agr Forest Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. Russian Acad Sci, Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), NW Agr Forest Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. EM sonelson@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP E335 EP E340 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00392.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 186LM UT WOS:000247780200035 PM 17995735 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI Numerical analysis of survival of Listeria monocytogenes during in-package pasteurization of Frankfurters by hot water immersion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; General Method; integrated lethality; L. monocytogenes; thermal processing ID BREAST MEAT-PRODUCTS; BEEF FRANKFURTERS; LETHALITY; SALMONELLA; INNOCUA; STEAM AB The objective of this research was to develop and validate a more accurate method to analyze and calculate the inactivation Listeria monocytogenes in frankfurter packages during postlethality hot water immersion heating and the subsequent cooling processes. Finite difference analysis with implicit scheme was used to simulate the heat transfer process during in-package pasteurization of frankfurters. A volumetrically distributed simulation method was developed to calculate the lethality of the thermal treatment. The simulation method was validated using frankfurter packages inoculated with a 4-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes. Experimental results showed that the numerical analysis model could accurately simulate the heat transfer process during heating and cooling of frankfurter packages. The simulated temperatures on the surface or in the middle of the package matched very closely with the experimental observations. Using the simulated temperature distribution in the packages, the integrated lethality simulation method, based on the volumetric distribution of bacteria, could accurately predic the reduction in the bacterial counts. The calculation results were on average within 0.3log(CFU/g) difference from the experimental observations, while the General Method systematically underestimated the bacterial reductions by approximately 0.9 log(CFU/g). The study shows that the integrated lethality method Is more accurate than the General Method in calculating the lethality of thermal processes for conduction-heated foods, C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP E285 EP E292 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00351.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 186LM UT WOS:000247780200028 PM 17995728 ER PT J AU Alvarez, I Niemira, BA Fan, X Sommers, CH AF Alvarez, I. Niemira, B. A. Fan, X. Sommers, C. H. TI Modeling the irradiation followed by heat inactivation of Salmonella inoculated in liquid whole egg SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heat; irradiation; liquid whole egg; microbial inactivation; Salmonella ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; THERMAL INACTIVATION; ENTERITIDIS; RESISTANCE; MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE; SEROTYPES; PRESSURE; WHITE AB This study presents mathematical models that describe the, inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Senftenberg suspended in liquid whole egg (ME) by Irradiation followed by heat treatments (IR-H treatments). These models also enable prediction of cell Injury in Salmonella after exposure to IR-H. Salmonella viability decreased exponentially (primary model) with heat treating time for all the radiation doses (0, 0. 1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kGy) and temperatures investigated (55, 57, and 60 degrees C. Two secondary models that related the DT values (time required to eliminate 90% of viable cells ata given temperature) with radiation dose, heating temperature, and recovery medium after treatments were also developed. The developed final equations enabled to establish the process criterion (combinations of irradiation doses, temperature, and heat treatment times) required to achieve a given reduction (performance criterion) in Salmonella spp. suspended in LWE or the cell damage caused by the treatments. Process criteria to obtain the established performance criteria (a 5-log(10) reduction) on any of the investigated Salmonella serovars; were determined to be, 57.7 degrees C/3.5 min following 1.5 kGy when treated cells were recovered in tryptic soy agar and 59.3 degrees C/3.5 min following 0.5 kGy when cells were recovered in tryptic soy agar amended with 3% NaCl. Based on our results, current industrial LWE beat treatments (60 degrees C/3.5 min) would inactivate 3 log(10) cycles of the Salmonella population. The results of this study can be applied to engineering design and for the evaluation and optimization of the IR-H process as a new technique to obtain Salmonella-free LWE. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain. EM csommers@arserrc.gov RI Alvarez, Ignacio/M-1236-2015 OI Alvarez, Ignacio/0000-0003-2430-858X NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP M145 EP M152 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00382.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 186LM UT WOS:000247780200036 PM 17995736 ER PT J AU Johanningsmeier, S McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP Thompson, RL AF Johanningsmeier, Suzanne McFeeters, Roger F. Fleming, Henry P. Thompson, Roger L. TI Effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter culture on fermentation of cabbage with reduced salt concentrations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetic acid; mannitol; sauerkraut; sensory analysis; sodium chloride; texture ID PLANT-DERIVED BIOMOLECULES; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SAUERKRAUT FERMENTATION; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; JUICE AB Sauerkraut fermentations rely upon selection of naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria by addition of 2.0% to 2.25% granulated sodium chloride (NaCl) to shredded cabbage. Excess brine generated is a waste product with high levels of organic material (BOD) and nonbiodegradable NaCl. The objective was to determine whether addition of Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter culture to reduced-salt cabbage fermentations would yield sauerkraut with reproducible and acceptable chemical composition and sensory qualities. Shredded cabbage was salted with 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% NaCl (wt/wt) at 2 starter culture levels, none or L mesenteroides strain LA 81, ATCC 8293 (106 CFU/g). Fermentation products were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pH was measured during the initial stages of fermentation and after 10 mo storage at 18 degrees C. A trained descriptive sensory panel used I category scales to rate the flavor and texture of selected sauerkrauts. A modified Kramer shear test was used to measure firmness. Cabbage fermented with L. mesenteroides consistently resulted in sauerkraut with firm texture and reduced off-flavors across all salt levels (P < 0.05). Conversely, sauerkraut quality was highly variable, with softening and off-flavors occurring as salt concentrations were decreased in natural fermentations (P < 0.05). Fermentations were rapid, with a more uniform decline in pH when starter culture was added. L. mesenteroides addition to cabbage fermentations ensured that texture mid flavor quality were retained, while allowing 50% NaCl reduction. Application of this technology to commercial sauerkraut production could improve the uniformity of fermentations and substantially reduce generation of nonbiodegradable chloride waste. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP M166 EP M172 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00372.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 186LM UT WOS:000247780200039 PM 17995739 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Collins, J Fish, WW Tadmor, Y Webber, CL Perkins-Veazie, P AF Davis, A. R. Collins, J. Fish, W. W. Tadmor, Y. Webber, C. L., III Perkins-Veazie, P. TI Rapid method for total carotenoid detection in canary yellow-fleshed watermelon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carotenoid; Citrullus lanatus; quantification; rapid assay; watermelon ID ANALYZING LYCOPENE CONTENT; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; BETA-CAROTENE; TOMATO; COLOR; EXTRACTION; CULTIVARS; PRODUCTS; PIGMENTS AB Yellow-fleshed watermelons (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum. and Nakai) contain many different carotenoids, all in low to trace amounts. Since there is not I predominant carotenoid in yellow-fleshed watermelon, testing the total carotenoid content among watermelon lines is important in determining the antioxidant potential and thus potential health benefits of different varieties. Unfortunately, current methods to assay total carotenoid content are time consuming and require organic solvents. This report describes a rapid and reliable light absorption method to assay total carotenoid content for yellow-fleshed watermelon that does not require organic solvents. Light absorption of 78 watermelon flesh purees was measured with a diode array xenon flash spectrophotometer that can measure actual light absorption from opaque samples; results were compared with a hexane extraction method. The puree absorbance method gave a linear relationship (R-2 = 0.88) to total carotenoid content and was independent of watermelon variety within the total carotenoid concentration range measured (0 to 7 mu g/g fresh weight). C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74578 USA. Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Wilburton, OK 74578 USA. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, PO Box 159, Lane, OK 74578 USA. EM adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 BP S319 EP S323 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00381.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 186LM UT WOS:000247780200047 PM 17995749 ER PT J AU Kilgore, MA Greene, JL Jacobson, MG Straka, TJ Daniels, SE AF Kilgore, Michael A. Greene, John L. Jacobson, Michael G. Straka, Thomas J. Daniels, Steven E. TI The influence of financial incentive programs in promoting sustainable forestry on the nation's family forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE family forests; financial incentives; sustainable forestry; nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF); focus groups; policy tools; taxes; cost-share; technical assistance ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; LANDOWNERS AB Financial incentive programs were evaluated to assess their contribution to promoting sustainable forestry practices on the nation's family forests. The evaluation consisted of an extensive review of the literature on financial incentive programs, a mail survey of the lead administrator of financial incentive programs in each state forestry agency, and focus groups with family forest owners in four regions of the country. The study found that financial incentive programs have limited influence on forest owners' decisions regarding the management and use of their land. Family forest owners viewed one-on-one access to a forester or other natural resource professional to "walk the land" with them and discuss their management alternatives as the most important type of assistance that can be provided. Recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of financial incentive programs in promoting sustainable forestry are discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT USA. RP Kilgore, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mkilgore@umn.edu; jgreen01@fs.fed.us; mgj2@psu.edu; tstraka@clemson.edu; steve.daniels@usu.edu NR 42 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 4 BP 184 EP 191 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 181RJ UT WOS:000247453500009 ER PT J AU Black, A Perin, S AF Black, Anne Perin, Susan TI Delivering the science synthesis: Fuels tools SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland fire decision support tools; science delivery; technology transfer AB To facilitate delivery and use of the Fuels Planning: Science Synthesis and Integration Project's (Project) products, the Project team engaged in a series of technology transfer activities throughout the life of the project. These included bringing land managers into the design and development phase, funding and staffing a specific delivery phase, and conducting an external evaluation to focus future activities. Our plans were informed by concepts central to the diffusion of the innovation theory; in turn, our activities deepened our understanding of the theory and its application to fuels management. C1 USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Black, A (reprint author), USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM aeblack@fs.fed.us; sueperin@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 4 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 181RJ UT WOS:000247453500010 ER PT J AU Stewart, SI Radeloff, VC Hammer, RB Hawbaker, TJ AF Stewart, Susan I. Radeloff, Volker C. Hammer, Roger B. Hawbaker, Todd J. TI Defining the wildland-urban interface SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland-urban interface; wildland fire; housing growth; GIS sensitivity analysis; wildland fire policy ID UNITED-STATES; GIS; SENSITIVITY; MODELS AB Federal wildland fire policy in the United States has been substantially revised over the post 10 years and new emphasis has been given to the wildland-urban interface (WUI), which creates a need for information about the WUI's location and extent. We operationalized a policy definition published in the Federal Register (US Department of the Interior [USDI] and US Department of Agriculture [USDA]), 2001, Urban wildland interface communities within vicinity of federal lands that are at high risk from wildfire. Fed. Regist. 66(3):751-777) to create national maps and statistics of the WUI to guide strategic planning. Using geographic information system analysis, we evaluate the national WUI by altering the definition's parameters to assess the influence of individual parameters (i.e., housing density, vegetation type and density, and interface buffer distance) and stability of outcomes. The most sensitive parameter was the housing density threshold. (hanges in outputs (WUI homes and area) were much smaller than parameter variations suggesting the WUI definition generates stable results on most landscapes. Overall, modifying the WUI definition resulted in a similar amount of WUI area and number of homes and affected the precise location of the WUI. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI USA. RP Stewart, SI (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1033 Univ Ave,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM sistewart@fs.fed.us; radeloff@wisc.edu; rhammer@oregonstate.edu; tjhawbaker@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 29 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 4 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 181RJ UT WOS:000247453500011 ER PT J AU Spencer, D Sher, A Thornby, D Liow, PS Ksander, G Tan, WL AF Spencer, David Sher, Anna Thornby, David Liow, Pui-Sze Ksander, Gregory Tan, Wailun TI Non-destructive assessment of Arundo donax (Poaceae) leaf quality SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; BIOMASS AB Leaf carbon (C) content, leaf nitrogen (N) content, and C:N ratio are especially useful for understanding plant-herbivore interactions and may be important in developing control methods for the invasive riparian plant Arundo donax L. We measured C content, N content, C: N ratio, and chlorophyll index (SPAD 502 reading) for 768 leaves from A. donax collected over a five year period at several locations in California, Nevada, and Texas. Leaf N was more variable than leaf C, and thus we developed a linear regression equation for estimating A. donax leaf N from the leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD reading). When applied to two independent data sets, the equation (leaf N content % = -0.63 + 0.08 x SPAD) produced realistic estimates that matched seasonal and spatial trends reported from a natural A. donax population. Used in conjunction with the handheld SPAD 502 meter, the equation provides a rapid, non-destructive method for estimating A. donax leaf quality. C1 USDA ARS, Exotice & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Spencer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exotice & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Sher, Anna/0000-0002-6433-9746 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9665049 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 162LJ UT WOS:000246088600013 ER PT J AU Kaplan, IB Lee, L Ripoll, DR Palukaitis, P Gildow, F Gray, SM AF Kaplan, Igor B. Lee, Lawrence Ripoll, Daniel R. Palukaitis, Peter Gildow, Frederick Gray, Stewart M. TI Point mutations in the potato leafroll virus major capsid protein alter virion stability and aphid transmission SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN YELLOWS VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; READTHROUGH PROTEIN; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; 17-KDA PROTEIN; PLANT-VIRUSES; LUTEOVIRUS; GENE; EXPRESSION; GENOME AB The coat protein (CP) of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is the primary component of the capsid, and is a multifunctional protein known to be involved in vector transmission and virus movement within plant hosts, in addition to particle assembly. Thirteen mutations were generated in various regions of the CP and tested for their ability to affect virus-host and virus-vector interactions. Nine of the mutations prevented the assembly of stable virions. These mutants were unable to infect systemically four different host species. Furthermore, although virus replication and translation of the CP were similar for the mutants and wild-type virus in individual plant cells, the translation of the CP readthrough product was affected in several of the mutants. Four of the mutants were able to assemble stable particles and infect host plants systemically, similarly to the wild-type virus; however, two of the mutants were transmitted less efficiently by aphid vectors. Based on a computer-generated model of the PLRV CP, the mutations that prevented virion assembly were associated with subunit interfaces, while the amino acid alterations in the assembly-competent mutants were associated with surface loops. This and previous work indicates that the CP structural model has value in predicting the structural architecture of the virion. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Theory, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 BP 1821 EP 1830 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82837-0 PN 6 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 176LZ UT WOS:000247087900022 PM 17485544 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Desideri, G Lippi, C Necozione, S Polidoro, L D'Aurelio, A Petrazzi, L Properzi, G Blumberg, J Ferri, C AF Grassi, D. Desideri, G. Lippi, C. Necozione, S. Polidoro, L. D'Aurelio, A. Petrazzi, L. Properzi, G. Blumberg, J. Ferri, C. TI Short-term administration of flavanol-rich dark chocolate protects arterial vessels during acute hyperglycemia SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th European Meeting on Hypertension CY JUN 15-19, 2007 CL Milan, ITALY SP Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, NOVARTIS, SERVIER, Bayer Healthcar AG, Brystol-Myer Squibb, Merck-Sharp & Dohme, PRIZER Inc, Procter& Gamble Pharmaceut C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med, Laquila, Italy. Tufts Univ, JM USDA Hum Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015 OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 25 SU 2 BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 195EK UT WOS:000248395100046 ER PT J AU Regniere, J Bentz, B AF Regniere, Jacques Bentz, Barbara TI Modeling cold tolerance in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold tolerance; cold resistance; cold hardiness; mountain pine beetle; winter mortality; model; supercooling point ID EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS FITCH; GOLDENROD GALL MOTH; LOW-TEMPERATURES; TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS; WINTER SURVIVAL; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; EPIBLEMA-SCUDDERIANA; SUPERCOOLING POINT; NATURAL-POPULATION AB Cold-induced mortality is a key factor driving mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, population dynamics. In this species, the supercooling point (SCP) is representative of mortality induced by acute cold exposure. Mountain pine beetle SCP and associated cold-induced mortality fluctuate throughout a generation, with the highest SCPs prior to and following winter. Using observed SCPs of field-collected D. ponderosae larvae throughout the developmental season and associated phloem temperatures, we developed a mechanistic model that describes the SCP distribution of a population as a function of daily changes in the temperature-dependent processes leading to gain and loss of cold tolerance. It is based on the changing proportion of individuals in three states: (1) a non cold-hardened, feeding state, (2) an intermediate state in which insects have ceased feeding, voided their gut content and eliminated as many ice-nucleating agents as possible from the body, and (3) a fully cold-hardened state where insects have accumulated a maximum concentration of cryoprotectants (e.g. glycerol). Shifts in the proportion of individuals in each state occur in response to the driving variables influencing the opposite rates of gain and loss of cold hardening. The level of cold-induced mortality predicted by the model and its relation to extreme winter temperature is in good agreement with a range of field and laboratory observations. Our model predicts that cold tolerance of D. ponderosae varies within a season, among seasons, and among geographic locations depending on local climate. This variability is an emergent property of the model, and has important implications for understanding the insect's response to seasonal fluctuations in temperature, as well as population response to climate change. Because cold-induced mortality is but one of several major influences of climate on D. ponderosae population dynamics, we suggest that this model be integrated with others simulating the insect's biology. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Regniere, J (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, POB 10380, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM jacques.regniere@NRcan.gc.ca NR 80 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 559 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.jinphys.2007.02.007 PG 14 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 187AX UT WOS:000247820800005 PM 17412358 ER PT J AU Olsen, KM Caicedo, AL Jia, YL AF Olsen, Kenneth M. Caicedo, Ana L. Jia, Yulin TI Evolutionary Genomics of weedy rice in the USA SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE crop-weed introgression; de-domestication; Oryza sativa; weed evolution; weedy rice ID ORYZA-SATIVA L; RED RICE; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; COMMERCIAL RICE; CULTIVATED RICE; DRAFT SEQUENCE; INFERENCE; RELATIVES AB Red rice is an interfertile, weedy form of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) that competes aggressively with the crop in the southern US, reducing yields and contaminating harvests. No wild Oryza species occur in North America Bind the weed has been proposed to have evolved through multiple mechanisms, including "de-domestication" of US crop cultivars, accidental introduction of Asian weeds, and hybridization between US crops and Asian wild/weedy Oryza strains. The phenotype of US red rice ranges from "crop mimics", which share some domestication traits with the crop, to strains closely resembling Asian wild Oryza species. Assessments of genetic diversity have indicated that many weed strains are closely related to Asian taxa (including Indica and aus rice varieties, which have never been cultivated in the US, and the Asian crop progenitor O. rufipogon), whereas others show genetic similarity to the tropical japonica varieties cultivated In the southern US. Herein, we review what is known about the evolutionary origins and genetic diversity of US red rice and describe an ongoing research project to further characterize the evolutionary genomics of this aggressive weed. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Olsen, KM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM kolsen@wustl.edu NR 36 TC 25 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9072 EI 1744-7909 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00506.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 174SE UT WOS:000246962300010 ER PT J AU Shelby, KS Popham, HJR AF Shelby, Kent S. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Increased plasma selenium levels correlate with elevated resistance of Heliothis virescens larvae against baculovirus infection SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; selenium; biological control; resistance; nutritional immunology; Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus; Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus ID CALIFORNICA M-NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FUNGAL METABOLITES; DIETARY SELENIUM; TOBACCO BUDWORM; INSECT; HOST; VIRULENCE AB We reported that dietary selenium (Se) impacted,the growth and development of Trichophisia ni reared for many generations oil diet containing extremely low levels of Se. Larvae had an elevated resistance to per os infection with a baculovirus. In this study, we examine how dietary Se (in the form of selenite) affects the growth, development, and Se content of Heliothis virescens that have been laboratory reared for less than two years. Larvae fed a commercial tobacco budworm diet supplemented with greater than 20 ppm Se grew at a slower rate than insects fed lower levels of Se and had an increase in the amount of Se sequestered in pupae. Larvae fed diets containing from 10-60 ppm Se exhibited elevated plasma concentrations of the micronutrient and increased plasma virucidal activity against Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). Larvae reared on diet supplemented with 10 or 60 ppm Se until the onset of the penultimate instar were then infected per os or by injection with increasing concentrations of the baculovil-Us Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Larvae fed dietary Se and infected with occluded virus per os displayed a significantly lower mortality compared with infected larvae not fed Se. Our results suggest that dietary Se levels are directly correlated with plasma Se levels, and that plasma Se levels are in turn correlated with baculovirus resistance. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Shelby, KS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM shelbyk@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.01.001 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 177LA UT WOS:000247153400001 PM 17316679 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Shapiro, M AF Stanley, David Shapiro, Martin TI Eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors increase the susceptibility of Lymantria dispar to nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baculoviruses; gypsy moth; insect susceptibility; eicosanoids; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PROSTAGLANDIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; TOBACCO HORNWORM; XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION AB Eighteen pharmaceutical inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis were tested for their effects on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar and its susceptibility to the nucleopoly-hedrovir Lis LdMNPV. None of the inhibitors tested had any detrimental effects upon larval growth and development. Treatment with nine inhibitor/NPV combinations (e.g., bromophenacylbromide, clotrimazole, dexamethasone, esculetin, flufenamic acid, indomethacin, nimesulide, sulindac, tolfenamic acid) resulted in 3.5- to 6.6-fold reductions in LC50S. Larvae treated with several other COX inhibitors did not yield significant LC50 reductions. We infer that eicosanoids act in insect defense responses to viral infection. Eicosanoids may act at three levels of insect immune reactions to viral infection, organismal (febrile response), cellular (hemocytic microaggregation, nodulation and plasmatocytes spreading reactions) and intracellular level (mechanisms responsible for insect permissiveness to viral replication). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 62 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.002 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 177LA UT WOS:000247153400007 PM 17386933 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Donahue, KM AF Bruck, Denny J. Donahue, Kelly M. TI Persistence of Metarhizium anisopliae incorporated into soilless potting media for control of the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus in container-grown ornamentals SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium anisopliae; Otiorhynchus sulcatus; microbial control; fungal persistence ID F COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; CONIDIA; RHIZOSPHERE AB The objective of this study was to determine the persistence of Metarhizium anisopliae (F52), measured as infectivity against black vine weevil larvae, in a soilless potting medium at six wholesale nursery locations across the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A granule formulation (0.30 and 0.60 kg/m(3)) was incorporated into media at planting and fungal persistence determined over two growing seasons. The fungus persisted in the potting media over the duration of the experiment with 50-60% of the larvae exposed to treated media becoming infected at the end of the experiment. The percentage of infected larvae gradually declined from >= 90% on week 3 to 40-60% by week 19. Larval infection rebounded over the fall and winter months of 2004 to 75-80% followed again by a slow decline over the course of the second growing season. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bruckd@onid.orst.edu NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.01.004 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 177LA UT WOS:000247153400010 PM 17349655 ER PT J AU Souza, SC Christoffolete, MA Ribeiro, MO Miyoshi, H Strissel, KJ Stancheva, ZS Rogers, NH D'Eon, TM Perfield, JW Imachi, H Obin, MS Bianco, AC Greenberg, AS AF Souza, Sandra C. Christoffolete, Marcelo A. Ribeiro, Miriam O. Miyoshi, Hideaki Strissel, Katherine J. Stancheva, Zlatina S. Rogers, Nicole H. D'Eon, Tara M. Perfield, James W., II Imachi, Hitomi Obin, Martin S. Bianco, Antonio C. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Perilipin regulates the thermogenic actions of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE norepinephrine-induced thermal response; protein kinase A-stimulated lipolysis; brown adipocytes ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; A-STIMULATED LIPOLYSIS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ADAPTIVE THERMOGENESIS; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; LIPID DROPLETS AB In response to cold, norepinephrine (NE)-induced triacylglycerol hydrolysis (lipolysis) in adipocytes of brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides fatty acid substrates to mitochondria for heat generation (adaptive thermogenesis). NE-induced lipolysis is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of perilipin, a lipid droplet-associated protein that is the major regulator of lipolysis. We investigated the role of perilipin PKA phosphorylation in BAT NE-stimulated thermogenesis using a novel mouse model in which a mutant form of perilipin, lacking all six PKA phosphorylation sites, is expressed in adipocytes of perilipin knockout (Peri KO) mice. Here, we show that despite a normal mitochondrial respiratory capacity, NE-induced lipolysis is abrogated in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of these mice. This lipolytic constraint is accompanied by a dramatic blunting (similar to 70%) of the in vivo thermal response to NE. Thus, in the presence of perilipin, PKA-mediated perilipin phosphorylation is essential for NE-dependent lipolysis and full adaptive thermogenesis in BAT. In IBAT of Peri KO mice, increased basal lipolysis attributable to the absence of perilipin is sufficient to support a rapid NE- stimulated temperature increase (similar to 3.0 degrees C) comparable to that in wild-type mice. This observation suggests that one or more NE-dependent mechanism downstream of perilipin phosphorylation is required to initiate and/or sustain the IBAT thermal response. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Prebiteriana Mackenzie, Biol & Hlth Sci Ctr, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Elixir Pharmaceut, Cambridge, MA USA. Kagawa Med Univ, Kagawa, Japan. RP Bianco, AC (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM abianco@partners.org; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI Bianco, Antonio/A-4965-2008; MIYOSHI, HIDEAKI/G-3971-2012; Rogers, nicole/J-4838-2012; Ribeiro, Miriam/A-9367-2013; Ribeiro, Miriam/B-6085-2015; Ribeiro, Miriam/C-6364-2016 OI Bianco, Antonio/0000-0001-7737-6813; Ribeiro, Miriam/0000-0002-7870-9701; FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 50647, T32 DK062032, P30 DK 34928, P30 DK 46200]; NINDS NIH HHS [P30 NS 047243] NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1279 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700047-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 170JH UT WOS:000246659000004 PM 17401109 ER PT J AU Tanaka, T Ordovas, JM Delgado-Lista, J Perez-Jimenez, F Marin, C Perez-Martinez, P Gomez, P Lopez-Miranda, J AF Tanaka, Toshiko Ordovas, Jose M. Delgado-Lista, Javier Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Marin, Carmen Perez-Martinez, Pablo Gomez, Purificacion Lopez-Miranda, Jose TI Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha polymorphisms and postprandial lipemia in healthy men SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE triglycerides; fat load; cardiovascular disease; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ID LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE GENE; PPAR-ALPHA; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS; KOREAN MEN; METABOLISM; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ASSOCIATION; CHOLESTEROL AB Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a key role in lipid and glucose homeostasis. This study evaluated whether variants of PPARa are associated with postprandial lipemia. Subjects were given a single fat load composed of 60% calories as fat, 15% as protein, and 25% as carbohydrate. Blood was drawn every hour from baseline to 6 h, then every 2.5 h to 11 h to determine triglyceride (TG) levels. The minor allele of the nonsynonymous p.Leu162Val variant was associated with higher fasting total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. There were no significant associations with all of the postprandial parameters examined. Conversely, the noncoding variant c.140 +/- 5435T > C was not associated with fasting lipid concentrations but was significantly associated with decreased postprandial TG and cholesterol in the small TG-rich lipoprotein particle. Although the minor allele carriers displayed lower mean concentrations of TG and cholesterol throughout the postprandial period, the differences were most pronounced in the latter period. These data suggest that PPARa variants may modulate the risk of cardiovascular disease by influencing both fasting and postprandial lipid concentrations. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. RP Tanaka, T (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM toshiko.tanaka@tufts.edu OI Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1408 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700066-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 170JH UT WOS:000246659000018 PM 17363837 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Swihart, RK Craig, BA AF Russell, Robin E. Swihart, Robert K. Craig, Bruce A. TI The effects of matrix structure on movement decisions of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; fragmentation; matrix; Microtus pennsylvanicus; modeling; movements ID GAP-CROSSING DECISIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE; CONSEQUENCES; DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; CONNECTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS AB The composition of the landscape between patches (the matrix) can have important effects on movement rates that potentially outweigh the effects of patch size and isolation. We conducted a small-scale experiment with radiocollared meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) to quantify the effects of matrix habitat on movement behavior of voles. Habitat patches were created within an enclosure and connected by pathways of different vegetation heights designed to represent different levels of predation risk to the voles. Voles were fitted with radiocollars and tracked 4 times daily for 1-3 weeks. We quantified the probability that a vole would transition through a particular matrix type (i.e., cross a habitat edge) and estimated transition probabilities using multinomial random effects models. These methods along with permutation tests were used to test whether the transition probabilities of voles could be modeled by assuming common movement rules such as "random," "static choice" when all voles always choose the same type of pathway, or "probabilistic" when voles are most likely to choose a pathway of tall vegetation and select other pathway types in inverse order of the relative risk associated with the pathway. Vole movement decisions in our experimental landscapes reflected a probabilistic approach to decision making in which pathways were chosen in proportion to risk associated with travel. Quantification of transition probabilities through different matrix types is necessary for modeling animal movements in complex environments. C1 United State Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resouces, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), United State Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM rerussell@fs.fed.us RI Swihart, Rob/D-2787-2016; Craig, Bruce/D-5797-2017; OI Craig, Bruce/0000-0001-9346-467X; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 17 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-080R1.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 176UJ UT WOS:000247110100004 ER PT J AU Lee, GH Bae, JH Suh, MJ Kim, IH Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Lee, Geon-Ho Bae, Jae-Han Suh, Min-Jung Kim, In-Hwan Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI New finding and optimal production of a novel extracellular alkaline lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica NRRL Y-2178 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline lipase; Yarrowia lipolytica; fermentation; optimization ID OPTIMIZATION; PURIFICATION; CULTURE AB Lipases are industrially useful versatile enzymes that catalyze numerous different reactions including hydrolysis of triglycerides, transesterification, and chiral synthesis of esters under natural conditions. Although lipases from various sources have been widely used in industrial applications, such as in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and detergent industries, there are still substantial current interests in developing new microbial lipases, specifically those functioning in abnormal conditions. We screened 17 lipase-producing yeast strains, which were prescreened for substrate specificity of lipase from more than 500 yeast strains from the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (Peoria, IL, U.S.A.), and selected Yarrowia lipolytica NRRL Y-2178 as a best lipase producer. This report presents new finding and optimal production of a novel extracellular alkaline lipase from Y. lipolytica NRRL Y-2178. Optimal culture conditions for lipase production by Y. lipolytica NRRL Y-2178 were 72 h incubation time, 27.5 degrees C, pH 9.0. Glycerol and glucose were efficiently used as the most efficient carbon sources, and a combination of yeast extract and peptone was a good nitrogen source for lipase production by Y. lipolytica NRRL Y-2178. These results suggested that Y. lipolytica NRRL Y-2178 shows good industrial potential as a new alkaline lipase producer. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 136701, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM hakrkim@knu.ac.kr NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1057 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 185IB UT WOS:000247703500025 PM 18050928 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Handoo, ZA Carta, LK Chitwood, DJ AF Skantar, A. M. Handoo, Z. A. Carta, L. K. Chitwood, D. J. TI Morphological and molecular identification of Globodera pallida associated with potato in Idaho SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Globodera; detection; diagnosis; molecular biology; morphology; Nicotiana tabacum; PCR; potato; rDNA; RFLP; Solanum tuberosum; taxonomy ID T-SOLANACEARUM NEMATA; CYST-NEMATODE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; N-SP; TABACUM-TABACUM; PLANTS; ROSTOCHIENSIS; PCR; HETERODERIDAE; VIRGINIAE AB The identity of a newly discovered population of pale potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida associated With potato in eastern Idaho was established by morphological and molecular methods. Morphometrics of cysts and second-stage juveniles were generally within the expected ranges for G. pallida with some variations noted. The Idaho population and paratype material front Epworth, Lincolnshire, England, both showed variations in tail shape, with bluntly rounded to finely pointed tail termini. Compared to literature values For the paratypes, second-stage juveniles of the Idaho population had a somewhat shorter mean body length, and cysts had a slightly higher inean distance front the anus to the nearest edge of the fenestra. PCR-RFLP of the rDNA ITS region, sequence-specific multiplex PCR and DNA sequence comparisons all confirmed the identity of the Idaho population as G. pallida. The ITS rDNA sequence of the Idaho isolate was identical to those from York, England, and the Netherlands. Species-specific primers that call positively identify the tobacco cyst nematode Globodera tabacum were also developed, providing it new assay for distinguishing this species front G. pallida and the golden potato cyst nematode Globodem rostochiensis. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Skantar, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Andre.Skantar@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210ER UT WOS:000249440000005 PM 19259482 ER PT J AU Sukno, SA McCuiston, J Wong, MY Wang, XH Thon, MR Hussey, R Baum, T Davis, E AF Sukno, Serenella A. McCuiston, Jamie Wong, Mui-Yun Wang, Xiaohong Thon, Michael R. Hussey, Richard Baum, Thomas Davis, Eric TI Quantitative detection of double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing of parasitism genes in Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RNAi; SCN; gene silencing; Heterodera glycines; parasitism gene; plant-parasitic nematode; pectate lyase ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ESOPHAGEAL GLANDS; C-ELEGANS; NEMATODE; INTERFERENCE; PROTEINS; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; INGESTION AB The introduction of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into an organism to induce sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) of a target transcript has become a powerful technique to investigate gene function in nematodes and many organisms. Data provided here indicate that the inclusion of 1-2 mM spermidine and 50 mM octopamine and a 24 hr incubation period of nematodes in double-standard RNA (dsRNA) soaking solutions resulted in a considerable increase in the percentage of nematodes that ingested dsRNA as compared to previous reports. This modified dsRNA soaking method was coupled with quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses to assess the potential silencing of the Heterodera glycines parasitism gene transcripts Hg pel-I and Hg-4E02 that are expressed within the esophageal gland cells of preparasitic H. glycines J2. The Hg-pel-I transcript was most efficiently silenced with one dsRNA construct (ds267) at the highest dsRNA soaking concentration of 5.0 mg/ml, while the Hg-4E02 transcript was more efficiently silenced at the 2.5 mg/ml dsRNA concentration as compared to 5.0 mg/ml. A dsRNA construct (ds285) complementary to a different sequence within the Hg-pel-I transcript than construct ds267 induced only minimal silencing of the Hg-pel-I transcript at 2.5 mg/ml. The results suggest that both dsRNA concentration and sequence relative to the transcript targeted are critical for maximizing potential RNAi effects in parasitic nematodes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Davis, E (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, CIALE, Dept Microbiol & Genet, Area Genet, Avda Campo Charro S-N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. EM eric_davis@ncsu.edu RI Sukno, Serenella/K-1449-2014; Thon, Michael/M-9463-2014 OI Sukno, Serenella/0000-0003-3248-6490; Thon, Michael/0000-0002-7225-7003 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210ER UT WOS:000249440000006 PM 19259483 ER PT J AU Masler, EP AF Masler, E. P. TI Characterization of aminopeptidase in the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus: Subcellular distribution and possible role in neuropeptide metabolism SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FMRFamide-like peptide; inhibitor; membrane; metallopeptidase; neuropeptide; protease ID FMRFAMIDE-RELATED PEPTIDE; SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; ASCARIS-SUUM MUSCLE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; GENE FAMILY; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; IDENTIFICATION AB Aminopeptidase was detected in homogenates of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus with the aminoacyl substrate L-alanine-4-nitroanilide. Subcellular distribution of activity was 80% soluble and 20% membrane-associated. Aminopeptidases in the two fractions differed in affinity for Ala-4-NA, with Km's of 0.65 mM (soluble) and 2.90 mM (membrane). Specific in the two fractions differed in affinity for Ala-4-NA, with Km's of 0.65 mM (soluble) and 2.90 mM (membrane). Specific activities (units/mg) at pH 7.8, 27 degrees C were 9.10 (soluble) and 14.30 (membrane). Each enzyme was competitively inhibited by amastatin (90% at 100 mu M inhibitor, IC50 = 3.7 mu M) and inhibited by puromycin (30% at 500 mu M) and 1,10-phenanthroline (IC50's; 148 mu M soluble: 89 mu M, membrane). Activity was restored by Zn++, with maximum recoveries of 50% (soluble) and 90% (membrane), each at 23 mu M ZnCl2. Estimated molecular masses for each were similar to 150 kDa. FMRFamide-like neuropeptides behaved as competitive inhibitors. Modification of the N-terminal F of FMRFamide weakened inhibition by 95%, suggesting that the N-terminus is essential for binding to the enzyme. Two nematode FMRFamides, APKPFIRFa and RNKFEFIRFa, were the most potent tested. This is the first biochemical characterization of aminopeptidase in a free-living nematode other than Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrates the high selectivity of the P. redivivus enzymes for neuropeptide substrates. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM maslere@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210ER UT WOS:000249440000007 PM 19259484 ER PT J AU Dong, WB Holbrook, CC Timfer, P Brenneman, TB Mullinix, BG AF Dong, Weibo Holbrook, C. Corley Timfer, Patricia Brenneman, Timothy B. Mullinix, Benjamin G. TI Comparison of methods for assessing resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; assessment date; host-plant resistance; inoculation date; inoculum level; inoculum type; Meloidogyne arenaria; method; peanut; resistance evaluation; root-knot nematode ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; GERMPLASM LINES; REGISTRATION; COLLECTION AB Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable approach to manage the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria).To incorporate resistance into commercially acceptable cultivars requires reliable, efficient screening methods. To optimize the resistance screening protocol, a series of greenhouse tests were done using seven genotypes with three levels of resistance to M. arenaria. The three resistance levels could be separated based on gall indices as early as two weeks after inoculation (WAI) Using 8 000 eggs of M. arenaria per plant, while four or more weeks were needed when 1,000-6,000 eggs/plant were used. High inoculum densities (over 8,000 eggs/plant) were needed to separate the three resistance levels based on eggs per grant of root within eight WAI A gall index based on percentage of galled roots could separate the three resistance levels at lower inoculum levels and earlier harvest dates than other assessment methods. The use of eggs vs. second-stage juveniles (J2) as inoculum provided similar results; however, it took three to five more days to collect J2 than to collect eggs front roots. Plant age affected gall index and nematode reproduction on peanut, especially on the susceptible genotypes AT201 and D098. The genotypes were separated into their correct resistance classes when inoculated 10 to 30 days after planting, but were not separated correctly when inoculated on day 40. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Expt Stat, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Dong, WB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM arachis@ufton.uga.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210ER UT WOS:000249440000009 PM 19259486 ER PT J AU Story, JA Klurfeld, DM AF Story, Jon A. Klurfeld, David M. TI David Kritchevsky (1920-2006) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr & Foods, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Story, JA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Nutr & Foods, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jastory@purdue.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1356 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173MU UT WOS:000246878000001 PM 17513390 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Reeves, PG Saari, JT AF Uthus, Eric O. Reeves, Philip G. Saari, Jack T. TI Copper deficiency decreases plasma homocysteine in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; DIETARY COPPER; METHIONINE METABOLISM; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; BINDING-PROTEIN; MAMMALS; MANGANESE; CYSTINE; FOLATE; LIVER AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of copper deficiency on key aspects of homocysteine metabolism that involve methionine recycling and transsulfuration. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93G-based diets containing < 1 or similar to 6 mg Cu/kg. After 6 wk (Expt. 1) and 4 wk (Expt. 2) we found that plasma homocysteine was significantly decreased, and plasma glutathione significantly increased, in rats fed the low-Cu diet. Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl) in liver that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. The expression of Gclc, the catalytic subunit of Gcl, was upregulated by Cu deficiency; Gclm, the modifier subunit, was not affected. Hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt), which catalyzes one of the two ways that homocysteine can be remethylated to methionine, was downregulated by Cu deficiency. Because Cu deficiency results in upregulation of Gclc and an increase in the biosynthesis of glutathione, it is plausible that the net flux of homocysteine through the transsulfuration pathway is increased. Furthermore, if Bhmt is downregulated, less homocysteine is available for remethylation (methionine recycling) and more is then available to irreversibly enter the transsulfuration pathway where it is lost. The net effect of increased Gclc and decreased Bhmt would be a decrease in homocysteine as a result of Cu deficiency. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM euthus@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1374 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173MU UT WOS:000246878000004 PM 17513393 ER PT J AU Chen, CYO Milbury, PE Collins, FW Blumberg, JB AF Chen, C.-Y. Oliver Milbury, Paul E. Collins, F. William Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Avenanthramides are bioavailable and have antioxidant activity in humans after acute consumption of an enriched mixture from oats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HUMAN LDL RESISTANCE; AVENA-SATIVA L.; VITAMIN-C; DIETARY FIBER; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENHANCE HAMSTER AB The consumption of polyphenols is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Avenanthramides (AV), alkaloids occurring only in oats, may have anti-atherosclerotic activity, but there is no information concerning their bioavailability and bioactivity in humans. We characterized the pharmacokinetics and antioxidant action of avenanthramide A, B, and C in healthy older adults in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover trial with 1-wk washout periods. Six free-living subjects (3 mol/L, 3 F; 60.8 +/- 3.6 y) consumed 360 mL skim milk alone (placebo) or containing 0.5 or 1 g avenanthramide-enriched mixture (AEM) extracted from oats. Plasma samples were collected over a 10-h period. Concentrations of AV-A, AV-B, and AV-C in the AEM were 154, 109, and 111 mu mol/g, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of AV (free + conjugated) after consumption of 0.5 and I g AEM were 112.9 and 374.6 nmol/L for AV-A, 13.2 and 96.0 nmol/L for AV-B, and 41.4 and 89.0 nmol/L for AV-C, respectively. Times to reach the C-max for both doses were 2.30, 1.75, and 2.15 h for AV-A, AV-B, and AV-C and half times for elimination were 1.75, 3.75, and 3.00 h, respectively. The elimination kinetics of plasma AV appeared to follow first-order kinetics. The bioavailability of AV-A was 4-fold larger than that of AV-B at the 0.5 g AEM dose. After consumption of 1 g AEM, plasma reduced glutathione was elevated by 21 % at 15 min (P <= 0.005) and by 14% at 10 h (P <= 0.05). Thus, oat AV are bioavailable and increase antioxidant capacity in healthy older adults. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu NR 56 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1375 EP 1382 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173MU UT WOS:000246878000005 PM 17513394 ER PT J AU Mills, JP Simon, PW Tanumihardjo, SA AF Mills, Jordan P. Simon, Philipp W. Tanumihardjo, Sherry A. TI beta-carotene from red carrot maintains vitamin a status, but lycopene bioavailability is lower relative to tomato paste in Mongolian gerbils SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; PROSTATE-CANCER; LUTEIN; SUPPLEMENTS; ABSORPTION; BIOCONVERSION; BIOEFFICACY; HUMANS; TISSUE; MAIZE AB Red carrots contain lycopene in addition to alpha- and beta-carotene. The utility of red carrot as a functional food-depends in part on the bioavailability of its constituent carotenoids. Lycopene bioavailability was compared in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) fed freeze-dried red carrot and tomato paste (Study 1, in = 47) and whole food extracts dissolved in cottonseed oil (Study 2, n = 39). Diets and supplements were equalized for lycopene and intakes did not differ. Both studies utilized negative (oil) and positive [purified lycopene (Lyc)] controls. In Study 1, vitamin A liver stores (0.68 +/- 0.13 mu mol/liver) of the red carrot group did not differ from baseline (0.63 +/- 0.13 mu mol/liver) and were greater than those of the tomato paste (0.43 +/- 0.12 mu mol/liver), Lyc (0.51 +/- 0.14 mu mol/liver), and control (0.38 +/- 0.17 mu mol/liver) groups (P < 0.003). A similar pattern was observed in Study 2. In both studies, hepatic lycopene was higher in the tomato paste (82.7 +/- 26.7 and 80.7 +/- 20.2 mu mol/liver) groups compared with red carrot groups (59.3 +/- 21.9 and 39.5 +/- 14.1 mu mol/liver, P < 0.0001). Hepatic lycopene from tomato paste was higher than Lyc in Study 1, but tomato paste extract and Lyc did not differ in Study 2, when both were dissolved in oil. Red carrot maintains vitamin A status, but constituent B-carotene may interfere with lycopene bioavailability. These results confirm prior studies in humans on the relative bioavailability of lycopene from red carrots and tomato paste and expand them by suggesting the mechanism and determining vitamin A value. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Interdept Grad Program Nutr Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tanumihardjo, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Interdept Grad Program Nutr Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sherry@nutrisci.wisc.edu NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1400 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173MU UT WOS:000246878000008 PM 17513397 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Pae, MK Ren, ZH Guo, ZY Smith, D Meydani, SN AF Wu, Dayong Pae, Munkyong Ren, Zhihong Guo, Zhuyan Smith, Donald Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Dietary supplementation with white button mushroom enhances natural killer cell activity in C57BL/6 mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GRIFOLA-FRONDOSA; MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS; LENTINUS-EDODES; D-FRACTION; NK CELLS; POLYSACCHARIDE; INNATE; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTES AB Mushrooms are reported to possess antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. These effects of mushrooms are suggested to be due to their ability to modulate immune cell functions. However, a majority of these studies evaluated the effect of administering extracts of exotic mushrooms through parental routes, whereas little is known about the immunological effect of a dietary intake of white button mushrooms, which represent 90% of mushrooms consumed in the U.S. In this study, we fed C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0, 2, or 10% (wt/wt) white button mushroom powder for 10 wk and examined indices of innate and cell-mediated immunity. Mushroom supplementation enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity, and IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) production, but only tended to increase IL-2 (P = 0.09) and did not affect IL-10 production by splenocytes. There were significant correlations between INK activity and production of IFN gamma (r = 0.615, P < 0.001) and TNF alpha (r= 0.423, P = 0.032) in splenocytes. Mushroom supplementation did not affect macrophage production of IL-6, TNF alpha, prostaglandin E-2, nitric oxide, and H2O2, nor did it alter the percentage of total T cells, helper T cells (CD4(+)), cytotoxic or suppressive T cells (CD8(+)), regulatory T cells (CD4(+)/CD25(+)), total B cells, macrophages, and NK cells in spleens. These results suggest that increased intake of white button mushrooms may promote innate immunity against tumors and viruses through the enhancement of a key component, NK activity. This effect might be mediated through increased IFN gamma and TNF alpha production. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012; Pae, Munkyong /I-6931-2015 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561-12, P30 DK040561] NR 35 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1472 EP 1477 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173MU UT WOS:000246878000020 PM 17513409 ER PT J AU Santin, M Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI Intragenotypic variations in the Cryptosporidium sp cervine genotype from sheep with implications for public health SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SP APICOMPLEXA; NEW-YORK; HUMANS; PARVUM; GIARDIA; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; PARASITES AB Cryptosporidium sp. cervine genotype could possibly emerge as an important human pathogen because current evidence suggests this genotype has a wide host range and zoonotic potential. However, there is confusion in the taxonomy of the Cryptosporidium sp. cervine genotype because different names have been used to refer to this genotype in previous studies and in sequences submitted to GenBank. Consequently, we lack a clear understanding of the epidemiology of this genotype. In the present study, the Cryptosporidium sp. cervine genotype was identified in sheep, was characterized using 3 genes (18S rDNA, COWP and HSP-70), and was compared with data from all previous reports. Intragenotypic variations were found at the 18S rDNA gene in Cryptosporidium sp. cervine genotype with 3 different subtypes (cervine 1-3). No sequence variation at HSP-70 and COWP genes were observed. Sheep should be considered as an important reservoir for this zoonotic genotype of Cryptosporidium sp. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 93 IS 3 BP 668 EP 672 DI 10.1645/GE-990R.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 184NJ UT WOS:000247648400030 PM 17626362 ER PT J AU Dubey, JR Morales, JA Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Gonzalez-Barrientos, CR Hernandez-Morat, G Su, C AF Dubey, J. R. Morales, J. A. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Gonzalez-Barrientos, C. R. Hernandez-Morat, G. Su, C. TI Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from striped dolphin (Stenelia coeruleoalba) from Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SEA OTTERS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; INFECTION; MORTALITY; CHICKENS AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is of interest because of mortality and mode of transmission. It has been suggested that marine mammals become infected with T. gondii oocysts washed from land to the sea. We report the isolation and genetic characterization of viable T. gondii from a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), the first time from this host. An adult female dolphin was found stranded on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, and the animal died the next day. The dolphin had a high (1:6,400) antibody titer to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test. Severe nonsuppurative meningoencephatomyelitis was found in its brain and spinal cord, but T. gondii was not found in histological sections of the dolphin. Portions of its brain and the heart were bioassayed in mice for the isolation of T gondii. Viable T. gondii was isolated from the brain, but not from the heart, of the dolphin. A cat fed mice infected with the dolphin isolate (designated TgSdCol) shed oocysts. Genomic DNA from tachyzoites of this isolate was used for genotyping at 10 genetic loci, including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico, and this TgSdCol isolate was found to be Type II. C1 USDA ARS, Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Escuela Med Vet, Dept Patol, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Escuela Med Vet, Programa Invest Enfermedades Trop, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 93 IS 3 BP 710 EP 711 DI 10.1645/GE-1120R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 184NJ UT WOS:000247648400038 PM 17626370 ER PT J AU Barry, CS Giovannoni, JJ AF Barry, Cornelius S. Giovannoni, James J. TI Ethylene and fruit ripening SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Review DE ethylene; fruit; tomato; ripening; climacteric; signal transduction ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASE; INTERSPECIFIC INTROGRESSION LINES; TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE PRODUCTION; OXIDASE ANTISENSE GENE; RAF-LIKE KINASE; F-BOX PROTEINS; NONCLIMACTERIC FRUIT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NEVER-RIPE AB The ripening of fleshy fruits represents the unique coordination of developmental and biochemical pathways leading to changes in color, texture, aroma, and nutritional quality of mature seed-bearing plant organs. The gaseous plant hormone ethylene plays a key regulatory role in ripening of many fruits, including some representing important contributors of nutrition and fiber to the diets of humans. Examples include banana, apple, pear, most stone fruits, melons, squash, and tomato. Molecular exploration of the role of ethylene in fruit ripening has led to the affirmation that mechanisms of ethylene perception and response defined in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana are largely conserved in fruit crop species, although sometimes with modifications in gene family size and regulation. Positional cloning of genes defined by ripening defect mutations in the model fruit system tomato have recently led to the identification of both novel components of ethylene signal transduction and unique transcription factor functions influencing ripening-related ethylene production. Here we summarize recent developments in the regulation of fruit ripening with an emphasis on the regulation of ethylene synthesis, perception, and response. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; OI Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273 NR 135 TC 157 Z9 171 U1 12 U2 114 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00344-007-9002-y PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 197UU UT WOS:000248582800006 ER PT J AU Natarajan, S Xu, CP Bae, HH Bailey, BA AF Natarajan, Savithiry Xu, Chenping Bae, Hanhong Bailey, Bryan A. TI Proteomic and genomic characterization of Kunitz trypsin inhibitors in wild and cultivated soybean genotypes SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergen; Kunitz trypsin inhibitors; proteomics; soybean seeds; two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ID GLYCINE-SOJA; PROTEIN; ALLERGENS; TOBACCO; VARIANT; PLANTS; GENES; TIB AB In this study, we investigated protein and genetic profiles of Kunitz trypsin inhibitors (KTIs) in seeds of 16 different soybean genotypes that included four groups consisting of wild soybean (Glycine soja), the cultivated soybean (G. max) ancestors of modern N. American soybean cultivars (old), modern N. American soybean (elite), and Asian cultivated soybean tandraces that were the immediate results of domestication from the wild soybean. Proteins were well separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide get electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and stained protein cut from a 2D-PAGE indicated that KTI exists as multiple isoforms (spots) in soybean. Protein spots of KTI were identified and characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Although overall distribution patterns of the KTI protein spots appeared similar, the number and intensity of the protein spots between wild and cultivated genotypes varied. Three KTI peptides were identified in three of the wild genotypes, PI 393551, PI 407027 and PI 407282, in which KTI3 peptide showed highest intensity. The remaining wild genotype, PI 366120, showed four protein spots. In contrast, the ancestors, modern and Asian landrace genotypes showed only two protein spots corresponding to KTI. On the basis of DNA blot analysis, there is one copy of the KTI3 gene in all 16 genotypes. Polymorphism was detected in one of the wild genotypes (PI 366120) both in proteomic and genomic analyses. Our data suggest that the major variation of protein profiles were between wild and cultivated soybean genotypes rather than among genotypes in the same group. Genetic variation of KTI1, KTI2 and KTI3-related genes were detected within and between groups. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 164 IS 6 BP 756 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.05.014 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181IS UT WOS:000247431000010 PM 16884824 ER PT J AU Haley, SD Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Quick, JS Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Butler, JD Rudolph, JB Seabourn, BW Bai, GH Jin, Y Kolmer, J AF Haley, Scott D. Johnson, Jerry J. Peairs, Frank B. Quick, James S. Stromberger, John A. Clayshulte, Sally R. Butler, Joshua D. Rudolph, Jeff B. Seabourn, Bradford W. Bai, Guihua Jin, Yue Kolmer, Jim TI Registration of 'Ripper' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Ripper' (Reg. No. CV-1016, PI 644222) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2006 through an exclusive marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University, USDA-ARS researchers in Manhattan, KS, and St. Paul, MN, participated in the development of Ripper. Ripper was selected from the cross CO940606/TAM107R-2 made in 1996 at Fort Collins, CO. CO940606 is an unreleased sib-selection of KS94WGRC29 (PI 586954), a germplasm release from Kansas State University with the pedigree PI 220127/P5//'TAM-200'/KS87H66, while TAM107R-2 is an unreleased sib-selection of the hard red winter wheat cultivar Prairie Red (PI 605390). Ripper was selected as an F(3:4) line (F(3)-derived line in the F(4) generation) in 2000 and assigned experimental line number CO00016. Ripper was released because of its superior grain yield performance under nonirrigated production in eastern Colorado and superior milling and bread-baking quality. C1 [Haley, Scott D.; Johnson, Jerry J.; Quick, James S.; Stromberger, John A.; Clayshulte, Sally R.; Butler, Joshua D.] Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peairs, Frank B.; Rudolph, Jeff B.] Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jin, Yue; Kolmer, Jim] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.haley@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [795, 646]; Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee; Colorado Wheat Research Foundation FX Ripper was developed with financial support from Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Projects 795 and 646, the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, and the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.10.0689crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400001 ER PT J AU Bruckner, PL Berg, JE Riveland, N Eckhoff, JL Wichman, DM Kephart, KD Carlson, GR Kushnak, GD Stougaard, RN Nash, DL Grey, WE Dyer, AT Jin, Y Chen, X AF Bruckner, P. L. Berg, J. E. Riveland, N. Eckhoff, J. L. Wichman, D. M. Kephart, K. D. Carlson, G. R. Kushnak, G. D. Stougaard, R. N. Nash, D. L. Grey, W. E. Dyer, A. T. Jin, Y. Chen, X. TI Registration of 'Yellowstone' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Bruckner, P. L.; Berg, J. E.; Nash, D. L.; Grey, W. E.; Dyer, A. T.] Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Riveland, N.] Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. [Eckhoff, J. L.] Eastern Agr Res Ctr, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Wichman, D. M.] Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. [Kephart, K. D.] So Agr Res Ctr, Huntley, MT 59037 USA. [Carlson, G. R.] No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. [Kushnak, G. D.] Western Triangle Agr Res Ctr, Conrad, MT 59425 USA. [Stougaard, R. N.] NW Agr Res Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chen, X.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bruckner, PL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bruckner@montana.edu FU Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; Wheat and Barley Committee FX Yellowstone was developed with financial support from the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0788crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400008 ER PT J AU Morris, CF King, GE AF Morris, C. F. King, G. E. TI Registration of 'Waxy-Pen' Soft White Spring Waxy Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Morris, C. F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [King, G. E.] Washington State Univ, Dep Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 23 EP 24 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.08.0551crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400011 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Palazzo, AJ Waldron, BL Bushman, BS AF Jensen, K. B. Palazzo, A. J. Waldron, B. L. Bushman, B. S. TI Registration of 'FirstStrike' Slender Wheatgrass SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Jensen, K. B.; Waldron, B. L.; Bushman, B. S.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Palazzo, A. J.] USA Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 24 EP 25 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.11.0694crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400012 ER PT J AU Costa, JM Griffey, CA Bockelman, HE Cambron, SE Cooper, A Gaines, C Graybosch, RA Grybauskas, A Kratochvil, RJ Jin, Y Marshall, D AF Costa, J. M. Griffey, C. A. Bockelman, H. E. Cambron, S. E. Cooper, A. Gaines, C. Graybosch, R. A. Grybauskas, A. Kratochvil, R. J. Jin, Y. Marshall, D. TI Registration of 'Chesapeake' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Costa, J. M.; Cooper, A.; Grybauskas, A.; Kratochvil, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Griffey, C. A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dep, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bockelman, H. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Cambron, S. E.] Purdue Univ, Dep Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gaines, C.] USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Graybosch, R. A.] USDA ARS Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Marshall, D.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Costa, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM costaj@umd.edu FU Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Board; Maryland Crop Improvement Association FX The development of this cultivar was supported in part by the Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Board and the Maryland Crop Improvement Association. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 26 EP 27 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.10.0630crc PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400013 ER PT J AU Singh, SR Teran, H Lema, M Schwartz, HF Miklas, PN AF Singh, Shree R. Teran, Henry Lema, Margarita Schwartz, Howard F. Miklas, Phillip N. TI Registration of White Mold Resistant Dry Bean Germplasm Line A 195 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Singh, Shree R.; Teran, Henry; Lema, Margarita] Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Schwartz, Howard F.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miklas, Phillip N.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Singh, SR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu RI LEMA, MARGARITA/M-7604-2015 OI LEMA, MARGARITA/0000-0001-8402-2677 NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.10.0643crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400039 ER PT J AU Panella, L Hanson, LE AF Panella, L. Hanson, L. E. TI Registration of FC723 and FC723CMS Monogerm Sugarbeet Germplasm Resistant to Rhizoctonia Root Rot and Moderately Resistant to Cercospora Leaf Spot SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Panella, L.; Hanson, L. E.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lee.panella@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.12.0771crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400042 ER PT J AU Arelli, PR Pantalone, VR Allen, FL Mengistu, A AF Arelli, P. R. Pantalone, V. R. Allen, F. L. Mengistu, A. TI Registration of Soybean Germplasm JTN-5303 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Arelli, P. R.; Mengistu, A.] USDA ARS, Jacksonville, TN 38301 USA. [Pantalone, V. R.; Allen, F. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Arelli, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 605 Airways Blvd, Jacksonville, TN 38301 USA. EM parelli@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.3198/jpr2005.12.0485crg PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400045 ER PT J AU Murphy, JP Navarro, RA Marshall, D Cowger, C Cox, TS Kolmer, JA Leath, S Gaines, CS AF Murphy, J. P. Navarro, R. A. Marshall, D. Cowger, C. Cox, T. S. Kolmer, J. A. Leath, S. Gaines, C. S. TI Registration of NC06BGTAG12 and NC06BGTAG13 Powdery Mildew-Resistant Wheat Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Murphy, J. P.; Navarro, R. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marshall, D.; Cowger, C.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marshall, D.; Cowger, C.; Leath, S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cox, T. S.] Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. [Kolmer, J. A.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gaines, C. S.] USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_murphy@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association FX Research supported in part by grants from the North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association. We wish to recognize the Wheat Genetics Resource Center at Kansas State University for their assistance in the development of these germplasms. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 75 EP 77 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.04.0244crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400048 ER PT J AU Pastor-Corrales, MA Kelly, JD Steadman, JR Lindgren, DT Stavely, JR Coyne, DP AF Pastor-Corrales, M. A. Kelly, James D. Steadman, James R. Lindgren, Dale T. Stavely, J. R. Coyne, Dermot P. TI Registration of Six Great Northern Bean Germplasm Lines with Enhanced Resistance to Rust and Bean Common Mosaic and Necrosis Potyviruses SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Pastor-Corrales, M. A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kelly, James D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Steadman, James R.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lindgren, Dale T.; Coyne, Dermot P.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Stavely, J. R.] Univ Nebraska, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pastor-Corrales, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Room 240,Bldg 010 A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM talo.pastor-corrales@ba.ars.usda.gov FU Bean/Cowpea CRSP (USAID) [DAN-1310-G-SS-6008-00] FX We acknowledge support of the Bean/Cowpea CRSP (USAID Contract No. DAN-1310-G-SS-6008-00). NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.3198/jpr2005.12.0517crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400049 ER PT J AU Vick, BA Jan, CC Miller, JF AF Vick, B. A. Jan, C. C. Miller, J. F. TI Registration of Sunflower Genetic Stock RS3 with Reduced Levels of Palmitic and Stearic Acids SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Vick, B. A.; Jan, C. C.; Miller, J. F.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vick, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM vickb@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 80 EP 80 DI 10.3198/jpr2006.10.0642crs PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA V05PR UT WOS:000207138400050 ER PT J AU Santosa, S Demonty, I Lichtenstein, AH Cianflone, K Jones, PJH AF Santosa, Sylvia Demonty, Isabelle Lichtenstein, Alice H. Cianflone, Katherine Jones, Peter J. H. TI An investigation of hormone and lipid associations after weight loss in women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE weight loss; women; cholesterol; adipocyte hormones; ghrelin ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REFERENCE INTERVALS; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN; ENERGY RESTRICTION; OBESE WOMEN; LOWER RATES; BODY-FAT AB Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) whether the extent of weight loss is predictive of the degree of changes in hormone and lipid levels; 2) the interactions between energy regulating hormones after weight loss through an energy deficit/exercise protocol diet and exercise; 3) whether initial metabolic parameters are indicative of the extent of weight loss. Methods: Thirty-five hyperlipidemic females (BMI 28-39 kg/m(2)) 35-60 years old participated in a six month weight loss trial. Weight loss resulted from a diet and exercise program that when combined produced a 30% energy deficit. Fasting plasma taken during 2 wk stabilization periods at the beginning and end of the study was analysed for lipids, hormone and glucose levels. Results: Average weight loss was 11.7 +/- 2.5 kg (p < 0.0001). TC, LDL-C, and triacylglycerols decreased 9.3 +/- 9.5% (p < 0.0001) 7.4 +/- 12.2% (p < 0.001), and 26.8 +/- 19.6% (p < 0.05), respectively, while HDL-C increased (p < 0.05) by 8.2 +/- 16.3%. Leptin levels declined (p < 0.001) 48.9 +/- 16.0% and ghrelin levels rose (p < 0.001) 21.2 +/- 26.7%. While overall levels of adiponectin did not differ, individual values changed such that weight loss predicted increases in adiponectin levels. Though initial weight did not predict weight loss, baseline lipid and insulin levels positively predicted weight loss. Conclusion: Initial metabolic parameters may be predictors of weight loss. Beneficial effects of weight loss as achieved through diet and exercise on measured parameters indicate moderate weight loss reduces key risk factors of cardiovascular disease in overweight individuals. C1 McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. McGill Hlth Ctr, Div Cardiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Richardson Ctr Funct Foods & Nutraceut, Smartpk,196 Innovat Dr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada. EM peter_jones@umanitoba.ca OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 250 EP 258 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 193ON UT WOS:000248283700008 PM 17634170 ER PT J AU Joung, H Jeun, BY Li, SJ Kim, J Woodhouse, LR King, JC Welch, RM Paik, HY AF Joung, Hyojee Jeun, Bo Y. Li, Shan J. Kim, Jihye Woodhouse, Leslie R. King, Janet C. Welch, Ross M. Paik, Hee Y. TI Fecal phytate excretion varies with dietary phytate and age in women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phytate; phosphorus; excretion; excretion rate; women ID PHYTIC ACID; SMALL-INTESTINE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; IRON-ABSORPTION; COLONIC-CANCER; WHEAT BRAN; HYDROLYSIS; ZINC; DEGRADATION; SUPPRESSION AB Objective: Information on the excretion of dietary phytate in humans under different conditions is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate fecal excretion of dietary phytate and phosphorus in a group of young and elderly women consuming high and low phytate diets. Methods: Fifteen young and fourteen elderly women were fed two experimental diets, high phytate and low phytate, for 10 days each with a washout period of 10 days between the two diet periods. Duplicate diet samples from two different menus and complete fecal samples were collected for 5 days during each diet period and analyzed for phytate and phosphorus contents. Mean daily excretions and percentages of dietary intakes of phytate and phosphorus were calculated. Results: Dietary phytate level does impact phytate excretion, but the effect was observed only in young subjects. Fecal phytate excretion of young subjects during the high phytate diet (313mg/d) was significantly higher than during the low phytate diet (176mg/d), however, that of elderly subjects did not vary with dietary phytate levels. Phosphorus excretion, net absorption, and apparent absorption rate were affected by dietary phytate level but not by the age of the subjects. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that phytate degradation in the gastrointestinal tract is substantial and more variable in young women than in elderly women. The high capacity of phytate degradation in elderly subjects may be related to long-term phytate intake but needs further clarification. Both beneficial and adverse health effects of phytate need to be studied considering the long-term phytate intake and age of subjects as well as dietary phytate levels. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland Res Inst, Div Nutr Genom, Oakland, CA USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Paik, HY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Food & Nutr, San 56-1,Shillim Dong, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM hypaik@snu.ac.kr RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 193ON UT WOS:000248283700014 PM 17634176 ER PT J AU Sahni, S Forrester, JE Tucker, KL AF Sahni, Shivani Forrester, Janet E. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Assessing dietary intake of drug-abusing Hispanic adults with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BODY-MASS INDEX; ENERGY-INTAKE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VALIDITY; MEN; REPRODUCIBILITY; NUTRIENT; VALIDATION AB Objective Drug abuse is an important risk factor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among Hispanics living in the northeastern United States, and both drug abuse and HIV are associated with nutritional deficiencies. The selection of a dietary assessment method most appropriate for Hispanic adults with/without HIV infection who may be drug abusers remains unclear. Design Participants were recruited into one of the three groups: HIV-infected drug abusers, HIV-noninfected drug abusers, and HIV-infected non-drug abusers. Subjects who completed two of the three dietary methods were included in cross-sectional pairwise comparisons. Setting The baseline data from a prospective cohort study of the role of drug abuse in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related weight loss. Results The 286 enrolled participants completed 282 food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), 142 3-day diet records, and 270 24-hour recalls. Energy-adjusted and deattenuated correlations between the FFQ and 3-day diet records ranged from 0.11 (carbohydrate) to 0.75 (caffeine). Twenty-seven of 33 nutrient intakes estimated by 3-day diet record were significantly lower than by FFQ (P<0.05). Three-day diet records underestimated dietary intake relative to the FFQ and 24-hour recall methods. Fifty percent of records were not completed. Energy estimates from the FFQ and 24-hour recall were similar to each other. Conclusions The 24-hour recall gave higher mean dietary intake estimates, but would require multiple contacts with this difficult-to-reach population. The FFQ that was specifically designed for this Hispanic population performed Well relative to the other methods. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Sahni, Shivani/0000-0002-9827-0986; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 107 IS 6 BP 968 EP 976 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.04.003 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173PM UT WOS:000246885000018 PM 17524718 ER PT J AU Subar, AF Thompson, FE Potischman, N Forsyth, BH Buday, R Richards, D McNutt, S Hull, SG Guenther, PM Schatzkin, A Baranowski, T AF Subar, Amy F. Thompson, Frances E. Potischman, Nancy Forsyth, Barbara H. Buday, Richard Richards, Debbie McNutt, Suzanne Hull, Stephen G. Guenther, Patricia M. Schatzkin, Arthur Baranowski, Tom TI Formative research of a quick list for an automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recall SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls are used to collect high-quality dietary data. Because they require highly trained interviewers, recalls are expensive and impractical for large-scale nutrition research, leading to the use of food frequency questionnaires. We are developing a computer-based, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall for use by adults. Our goal is an easy-to-use, low-cost, publicly available, Web-enabled instrument that will include elements of the Automated Multiple Pass Method developed by the US Department of Agriculture, which uses five passes to enhance recall. The initial pass is called the "quick list" and allows respondents to report foods consumed the previous day freely, in any order, and without detail. Using a crossover design, we conducted initial formative pilot testing among 18 adults in a self-administered computer environment. We tested two versions of a "quick list" (the first Automated Multiple Pass Method pass) for remembering foods consumed the previous day: "unstructured" and "meal-based." Respondents showed a strong preference for the meal-based version (13 of 18), although positive features of both were identified. Chronological reporting was most common, although many foods were sporadically reported out of order. Versions did not appreciably differ in number of foods reported, moved, or deleted. Usability issues and preferences were also identified. If these developmental efforts prove successful, the use of affordable automated recalls could be valuable in clarifying diet-disease associations in observational epidemiologic studies and measuring dietary compliance in clinical trials. This pilot work illustrates the usefulness of formative cognitive and usability testing for questionnaire and software development. C1 NCI, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Archimage, Houston, TX USA. Animatrix Arts, Houston, TX USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Subar, AF (reprint author), NCI, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7344,EPN 4005, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM subara@mail.nih.gov OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 11 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.03.007 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173PM UT WOS:000246885000021 PM 17524721 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP DiMaio, G Cooke, P AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, N. P. DiMaio, G. Cooke, P. TI Milling effects on mechanical behaviors of leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION AB Milling is a key process to soften leather for adequate compliance. It is, however, still not well understood for its effects on leather structure and mechanical properties. To consistently produce high quality leather, it is essential that the tanner understands the impact and effects of every mechanical operation in the leather-making process. This investigation is devoted to gaining a better understanding of milling effects on pliability and other properties of concern to the leather industry, such as mechanical strength and toughness. Observation showed milling leads to a decrease in Young's modulus, consequently an improved compliance and softness. Data also showed, however, there is little change in tensile strength and toughness. Moreover, leather products in service are constantly being stretched. For understanding the mechanical behavior of leather products tinder cyclic stretching, we measured the energy loss (hysteresis) during cyclic tensile tests using an advanced Computing program. Data showed that hysteresis is the greatest for the first cycle, thereafter, the rest of hysteresis Values are relatively unchanged. We also discovered that drum milling significantly decreases the hysteresis. This implies that a structural change occurs during milling, resulting in a removal of the residual stress that was introduced during the leather making process. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM CliengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 176YA UT WOS:000247119600003 ER PT J AU Pelizza, SA Lastra, CCL Becnel, JJ Bisaro, V Garcia, JJ AF Pelizza, Sebastian A. Lopez Lastra, Claudia C. Becnel, James J. Bisaro, Vilma Garcia, Juan J. TI Biotic and abiotic factors affecting Leptolegnia chapmanii infection in Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE entomopathogen; oomycetes; Leptolegnia chapmanii; mosquitoes; Aedes aegypti ID MOSQUITO LARVAE DIPTERA; FUNGUS LEPTOLEGNIA; HOST-RANGE; LAGENIDIALES; CULICIDAE; PATHOGEN; SAPROLEGNIALES; ISOLATE; FIELD AB The effects of water volume, container surface area and the density of hosts and fungal zoospores on the infectivity of the oomycete fungus Leptolegnia chapmanii to Aedes aegypti were investigated in the laboratory. Late 3rd or early 4th instars from a. laboratory colony were used as hosts in all assays. Fourth instars infected with L. chapmanii for 48 h (6.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(4) zoospores/larva) were used as inoculum. Mortality rates were >90% in containers with 20 or fewer larvae when exposed to I infected larva, but they decreased to 37% in containers with 60 larvae. Mortality rates varied from 82% to 92% when healthy 4th instars were exposed to 1 and 2 infected larvae, respectively, whereas 100% mortality was obtained with :3 infected larvae. Infection and mortality rates in containers with volumes that varied from 300 to 5,000 ml but that had similar water surface area (397 cm(2)) varied from 89 to 92%, respectively. When water volume was held constant at 250 ml in containers with variable surface areas (14.5-875 cm(2)), larval mortality varied from 96% to 25%, respectively. The ability of L. chapmanii to infect mosquito larvae is dose dependent and influenced by larval density and surface area. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, CONICET, CEPAVE, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Agron, Catedra Estadist, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Garcia, JJ (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, CONICET, CEPAVE, 2 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[177:BAAFAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 198EY UT WOS:000248611000015 PM 17847851 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Prevost, N AF Dailey, Oliver D., Jr. Prevost, Nicolette TI Conversion of methyl oleate to branched-chain derivatives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE allylic bromides; branched-chain fatty acids; DSC; low-temperature properties; organocuprate reagents ID ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; ORGANOCOPPER REAGENTS; VEGETABLE-OILS; TEMPERATURE; ESTERS; BIODIESEL; TALLOW; GREASE AB Studies were conducted in the synthetic conversion of oleic acid to mid-chain branched fatty acids. Methyl oleate was brominated in the allylic positions. Reaction of the allylic bromides with lithium dimethylcuprate gave primarily the desired branched-chain derivatives (93% of product mixture). The product had a significantly lower crystallization temperature in comparison with methyl oleate. Reaction of the allylic bromides with lithium di-n-butylcuprate or lithium di-sec-butylcuprate also gave branched-chain derivatives, but in this instance there was the complication of attack on the ester functionality in the fashion of a Grignard reagent. Details of the syntheses and the properties of the products (with emphasis on low-temperature proper-ties) are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM odailey@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1077-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 188TX UT WOS:000247943300009 ER PT J AU List, GR Jackson, M Eller, F Adlof, RO AF List, G. R. Jackson, M. Eller, F. Adlof, R. O. TI Low trans spread and shortening oils via hydrogenation of soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP List, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gary.List@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1082-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 188TX UT WOS:000247943300015 ER PT J AU Onisko, B Dynin, I Requena, JR Silva, CJ Erickson, M Carter, JM AF Onisko, Bruce Dynin, Irina Requena, Jesus R. Silva, Christopher J. Erickson, Melissa Carter, John Mark TI Mass spectrometric detection of attomole amounts of the prion protein by nanoLC/MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; SCRAPIE PRIONS; ASSAY; BLOOD; PRPSC; CELL; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIZATION; INFECTIVITY AB Sensitive quantitation of prions in biological samples is an extremely important and challenging analytical problem. Prions are the cause of several fatal neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform. encephalopathies (TSEs). At this time, there are no methods to diagnose TSEs in live animals or to assure a prion-free blood supply for humans. Prions have been shown to be present in blood by transfusion experiments, but based on the amount of infectivity found in these types of experiments, the amount of misfolded prion protein in blood is estimated to be only 30 to 625 amol/mL. More sensitive detection of prions in brain would allow earlier detection of disease and assure a safer food supply. We studied quantitation of the prion protein by use of nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer using the multiple reaction monitoring mode of operation. We developed a method based on the detection of VVEQMCTTQYQK obtained by reduction, alkylation, and digestion with trypsin of the prion protein. Detection of VVEQMCTTQYQK was more sensitive than for the derivative with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) because of decreased ionization efficiency of the PITC-derivatized peptides. The VVEQMCTTQYQK method has a LOD of 20 to 30 amol for pure standards. Proof of principle is demonstrated by quantitation of the amount of PrP 27-30 in the brains of terminally ill Syrian hamsters. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Santiago, Sch Med, Dept Med, Prion Res Unit, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. RP Onisko, B (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bonisko@pw.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015; OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168; Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257; Silva, Christopher/0000-0003-4521-6377 NR 33 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.03.009 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 173FJ UT WOS:000246858600013 PM 17446085 ER PT J AU Opsomer, JD Breidt, FJ Moisen, GG Kauermann, G AF Opsomer, Jean D. Breidt, F. Jay Moisen, Gretchen G. Kauermann, Goeran TI Model-assisted estimation of forest resources with generalized additive models SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE calibratiom; multiphase survey estimation; nonparametric regression; systematic sampling; variance estimation ID AUXILIARY INFORMATION; FINITE POPULATIONS; SAMPLING THEORY; REGRESSION; CALIBRATION; INVENTORY AB Multiphase surveys are often conducted in forest inventories, with the goal of estimating forested area and tree characteristics over large regions. This article describes how design-based estimation of such quantities, based on information gathered during ground visits of sampled plots, can be made more precise by incorporating auxiliary information available from remote sensing. The relationship between the ground visit measurements and the remote sensing variables is modeled using generalized additive models. Nonparametric estimators for these models are discussed and applied to forest data collected in the mountains of northern Utah. Model-assisted estimators that use the nonparametric regression fits are proposed for these data. The design context of this study is two-phase systematic sampling from a spatial continuum, under which properties of model-assisted estimators are derived. Difficulties with the standard variance estimation approach, which assumes simple random sampling in each phase, are described. An alternative assessment of estimator performance based on a synthetic population is implemented and shows that using the model predictions in a model-assisted survey estimation procedure results in substantial efficiency improvements over current estimation approaches. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Econ, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Opsomer, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jopsomer@iastate.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 478 BP 400 EP 409 DI 10.1198/016214506000001491 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 173FP UT WOS:000246859200002 ER PT J AU Opsomer, JD Breidt, FJ Moisen, GG Kauermann, G AF Opsomer, Jean D. Breidt, F. Jay Moisen, Gretchen G. Kauermann, Gran TI Model-assisted estimation of forest resources with generalized additive models - Rejoinder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Econ, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Opsomer, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jopsomer@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 478 BP 415 EP 416 DI 10.1198/016214506000001536 PG 2 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 173FP UT WOS:000246859200006 ER PT J AU Harder, SV Amatya, DM Callahan, TJ Trettin, CC Hakkila, J AF Harder, Scott V. Amatya, Devendra M. Callahan, Timothy J. Trettin, Carl C. Hakkila, Jon TI Hydrology and water budget for a forested Atlantic coastal plain watershed, South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE runoff; hydrologic-modeling; hydrologic-monitoring; Thornthwaite water-balance; water table, evapotranspiration ID CONTROLLED DRAINAGE; QUALITY AB Increases in timber demand and urban development in the Atlantic Coastal Plain over the past decade have motivated studies on the hydrology, water quality, and sustainable management of coastal plain watersheds. However, studies on baseline water budgets are limited for the low-lying, forested watersheds of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The purpose of this study was to document the hydrology and a method to quantify the water budget of a first-order forested watershed, WS80, located within the USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest northeast of Charleston, South Carolina. Annual Rainfall for the 2003 and 2004 periods were 1,671 mm ( 300 mm above normal) and 962 mm (over 400 mm below normal), respectively. Runoff coefficients (outflow as a fraction of total rainfall) for the 2003 and 2004 periods were 0.47 and 0.08, respectively, indicating a wide variability of outflows as affected by antecedent conditions. A spreadsheet-based Thornthwaite monthly water balance model was tested on WS80 using three different potential evapotranspiration estimators [Hamon, Thornthwaite, and Penman-Monteith (P-M)]. The Hamon and P-M-based methods performed reasonably well with average absolute monthly deviations of 12.6 and 13.9 mm, respectively, between the measured and predicted outflows. Estimated closure errors were all within 9% for the 2003, 2004, and seasonal water budgets. These results may have implications on forest management practices and provide necessary baseline or reference information for Atlantic Coastal Plain watersheds. C1 S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Land Water & Conservat Div, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Harder, SV (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Land Water & Conservat Div, 1000 Assembly St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM harders@dnr.sc.gov NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 563 EP 575 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00035.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 171UK UT WOS:000246760700001 ER PT J AU Coles-Ritchie, MC Roberts, DW Kershner, JL Henderson, RC AF Coles-Ritchie, Marc C. Roberts, David W. Kershner, Jeffrey L. Henderson, Richard C. TI Use of a wetland index to evaluate changes in riparian vegetation after livestock exclusion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian; ecology; monitoring; wetland indicator; livestock exclosures ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; STREAM CHANNEL; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WILD UNGULATE; GREAT-BASIN; CATTLE; MEADOWS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB A method was developed to characterize ecological integrity of riparian sites based on the abundance of hydric species. This wetland index can be calculated with species data, or with community type data as performed here. Classified riparian community types were used to describe vegetation at 14 livestock exclosures and adjacent grazed areas. Community type wetland index values were generated and used to calculate site wetland index values. It was hypothesized that removal of livestock would result in higher wetland index values because of release from herbivory and decreased physical disturbance of vegetation, streambanks, and soil. The wetland index for exclosures was about 12% higher than grazed sites; differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01) based on paired t-tests. The increase in hydric vegetation after livestock exclusion may have contributed to the greater bank stability (p= 0.002) and smaller width-to-depth ratio (p= 0.005) in exclosures. Challenges were encountered in using community types to describe and compare site vegetation, which could be avoided with species data collection. The wetland index can be a tool to monitor sites over time, compare sites with similar environments, or compare sites for which environmental differences can be accounted. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, PIBO Effect Monitoring Program, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Coles-Ritchie, MC (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, PIBO Effect Monitoring Program, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM mcolesritchie@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00058.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 171UK UT WOS:000246760700015 ER PT J AU Nejadhashemi, AP Sheridan, JM Shirmohammadi, A Montas, HJ AF Nejadhashemi, Amir P. Sheridan, Joseph M. Shirmohammadi, Adel Montas, Hubert J. TI Hydrograph separation by incorporating climatological factors: Application to small experimental watersheds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE streamflow partitioning; hydrograph separation; surface runoff/base flow; surface water/ground water interactions; watersheds ID BASEFLOW SEPARATION; RECESSION; COMPONENTS; FLOW AB Evaluating the relative amounts of water moving through the different components of the hydrological cycle is required for precise management and planning of water resources. An important aspect of this evaluation is the partitioning of streamflow into surface (quick flow) and base-flow components. A prior study evaluated 40 different approaches for hydrograph-partitioning on a field scale watershed in the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States and concluded that the Boughton's method produced the most consistent and accurate results. However, its accuracy depends upon the proper estimation of: (1) the end of surface runoff, and (2) the fraction factor (a) that is function of many physical and hydrologic characteristics of a watershed. Proper identification of the end of surface runoff was accomplished by using a second derivative approach. Applying this approach to 12 years of separately measured surface and subsurface flow data from a field scale watershed (study area) proved to be accurate for 87% of the time. Estimation of the a value was accomplished in this study using two steps: (1) alpha was fitted to individual hydrographs: and, (2) a regression equation that determines these alpha values based on climatological factors (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration) was developed. Using these strategies improved the streamflow partitioning method's performance significantly. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nejadhashemi, AP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ashirmo@umd.edu RI Nejadhashemi, A Pouyan/G-3505-2012 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 744 EP 756 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00059.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 171UK UT WOS:000246760700016 ER PT J AU Wells, RR Langendoen, EJ Simon, A AF Wells, Robert R. Langendoen, Eddy J. Simon, Andrew TI Modeling pre- and post-dam removal sediment dynamics: The Kalamazoo River, Michigan SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dams; fluvial processes; hydrodynamics; numerical simulation; rivers/streams; sediment transport ID SOILS AB The state of Michigan is interested in removing two low-head dams in an 8.8 km reach of the Kalamazoo River between Plainwell and Otsego, Michigan, while minimizing impacts locally and to downstream reaches. The study was designed to evaluate the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediments over a 37.3-year period using the channel evolution model CONCEPTS for three simulation scenarios: Dams In (DI), Dams Out (DO), and Design (D). The total mass of sediment emanating from the channel boundary, for the DI case, shows net deposition of 4,100 T/y for the study reach, with net transport ( suspended and bed load) of 10,500 T/y passing the downstream boundary. For the DO case, net erosion is 19,200 T/y with net transport of 30,100 T/y (187% increase) passing the downstream boundary. For the D case, net deposition is 2,570 T/y (37% decrease) with transport of 14,200 T/y (35% increase) passing the downstream boundary. The most significant findings were: (1) removal of the low-head dams will cause significant erosion of sediments stored behind the dams and increased sediment loads passing the downstream boundary and (2) sediment loads for the proposed channel design are similar to existing conditions and offer reduced fine-sediment loadings. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Wells, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM rrwells@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 773 EP 785 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00062.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 171UK UT WOS:000246760700018 ER PT J AU Chanjirakul, K Wang, SY Wang, CY Siriphanich, J AF Chanjirakul, Korakot Wang, Shiow Y. Wang, Chien Y. Siriphanich, Jingtair TI Natural volatile treatments increase free-radical scavenging capacity of strawberries and blackberries SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE blackberries; strawberries; antioxidants; free-radical scavenging; natural volatile ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; METHYL JASMONATE; ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; POSTHARVEST QUALITY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CHILLING INJURY; SINGLET OXYGEN; ACID AB Free-radical scavenging capacities of strawberries and blackberries treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea-tree oil or TTO), and ethanol (EtOH) were investigated. All of these natural volatiles tested reduced the severity of decay in both strawberries and blackberries during storage at 10 degrees C as compared to the control. Most of these compounds enhanced antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging capacity, except the AITC treatment. The MJ treatment for strawberries and blackberries had the highest antioxidant capacity, expressed as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values, after 7 days of storage. Moreover, the MJ treatment promoted the antioxidant capacity in strawberries and blackberries as measured by the radical 2,2-di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the radical caltion 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS(center dot+)) scavenging activity in both 7 and 14 days after storage. The MJ treatment also increased scavenging capacities on the superoxide radical (O-2(center dot-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot), and singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) in strawberries and blackberries. Treatment with TTO or EtOH enhanced most of these free-radical scavenging capacities, except for H2O2 in strawberries, and for O-2(center dot-) and O-1(2) in blackberries. These results indicated that all of the natural volatile compounds tested in this study, except AITC, promoted the antioxidant capacity and scavenging capacity of most major free radicals and, thus, helped to improve the physiology of berry fruits and enhanced their resistance to decay. While AITC was also very effective in reducing decay, its effect on free-radical scavenging capacity was inconsistent, suggesting that additional mechanisms may be involved in its inhibition of fungal growth. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Dept Hort, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 32 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1463 EP 1472 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2841 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 174EV UT WOS:000246925300005 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Thacker, PA Turner, BL AF Leytem, April B. Thacker, Phil A. Turner, Benjamin L. TI Phosphorus characterization in feces from broiler chicks fed low-phytate barley diets SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE low-phytate barley; phosphorus; broilers; feces ID PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; BONE MINERALIZATION; ANIMAL MANURES; SOILS; CORN; PERFORMANCE; SOLUBILITY; PHENOTYPE; EXTRACTS; SORPTION AB The inclusion of low phytate grains in poultry diets can reduce the. phosphorus (P) content of poultry feces, but their influence on fecal P composition is not well established. To assess this, 100 male broiler chicks (21 days old) were fed dietary treatments based on either a wild-type barley or one of three low phytate mutant barleys with 59, 62 and 99% reductions in phytate P, compared with the normal barley diet. The birds were housed in raised-floor battery cages with mesh grate floors above fecal collection trays with five birds per pen and five pens per treatment. The birds were fed for 9 days and feces were collected twice a day during the last 2 days of the experiment. Total P concentrations were 14-24% lower in feces from birds fed low phytate barley diets compared with those fed the normal barley diet. Phosphorus digestibility increased (P < 0.05) as phytate in the barley diet decreased. Phosphate was the major P fraction in the feces (69-75% extracted P) regardless of the type of barley fed. Phytate constituted only 3-12% of the P in the feces, indicating its hydrolysis in the bird. Overall, these results suggest that feeding low-phytate barley diets can reduce P concentrations in poultry feces without causing significant changes in P composition. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1495 EP 1501 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2865 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 174EV UT WOS:000246925300009 ER PT J AU Lim, C Garcia, JC Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ AF Lim, Chhorn Garcia, Julio C. Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip H. Shoemaker, Craig A. Evans, Joyce J. TI Growth response and resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed diets containing distiller's dried grains with solubles SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; GLUCAN; PROTEIN AB This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth, body composition, hematology, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Five isocaloric diets containing DDGS at levels of 0, 10, 20, and 40%, and 40% DDGS + lysine (Diets 1-5) as partial replacements of a combination of soybean meal (SBM) and corn meal (CM) on an equal protein basis were fed to juvenile Nile tilapia (9.41 +/- 0.14 g) for 10 wk. Fish fed Diet 4 had the lowest weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), and whole-body protein. Supplementation of lysine to the 40% DDGS diet (Diet 5) improved WG and PER. Hematological and immunological parameters were not affected by dietary treatment. There were no significant differences among the average number of days to first mortality after S. iniae challenge and cumulative mortality 14 d postchallenge among fish in various treatments. DDGS can be incorporated in tilapia diet at a level of 20% as a substitute for a combination of SBM and CM without affecting their growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters, immune response, and resistance to S. iniae infection. C1 USDA ARS, MSA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, MSA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00093.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 172HZ UT WOS:000246796200006 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Kalil, NI Peters, DPC AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Kalil, N. I. Peters, Debra P. C. TI Does shrub invasion indirectly limit grass establishment via seedling herbivory? A test at grassland-shrubland ecotones SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternative state; Bouteloua eriopoda; Chihuahuan Desert; desertification; Dipodomys; foraging behavior; Lepus californicus; restoration; small mammal ID BLACK-TAILED JACKRABBITS; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; POPULATION-DENSITY; LEPUS-CALIFORNICUS; NORTH-AMERICA; OLD FIELDS; DESERTIFICATION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; FEEDBACKS AB Question: Does shrub invasion at ecotones indirectly limit grass establishment by increasing mammalian seedling herbivory? Location: Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. Methods: We tested the hypothesis that herbivore-related mortality of seedlings of the dominant perennial grass Bouteloua eriopoda would be highest in shrub-dominated portions of grassland-shrubland ecotones. We tested the hypothesis in two Chihuahuan Desert sites featuring similar shrub encroachment patterns but different shrub species, grass cover, and different abundances of small mammals. Within each site we transplanted B. eriopoda seedlings to grass-dominated, middle, and shrub-dominated positions of replicate ecotones during the time of year (mid-summer) when they would naturally appear and monitored seedling fates. We estimated population size/activity of putative small mammal herbivores. Results: Seedlings were killed by mammals in greater numbers in shrubland than in grassland or middle ecotone positions at the site with large herbivore numbers. At the site with low herbivore numbers, most seedlings were killed in middle ecotone positions. The abundance patterns of herbivores did not parallel patterns of seedling herbivory across the ecotones or between sites. Conclusions: Seedling herbivory is an important process and is related to vegetation composition, but the mechanisms underlying the relationship are not clear. We speculate that variation in small mammal foraging behavior may contribute to seedling herbivory patterns. Restoration strategies in the Chihuahuan Desert need to account for the abundance and/or behavior of native herbivores. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Basin LTER, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@mnsu.edu NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1658/1100-9233(2007)18[363:DSIILG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 169EA UT WOS:000246574300006 ER PT J AU Agindotan, BO Shiel, PJ Berger, PH AF Agindotan, Bright O. Shiel, Patrick J. Berger, Philip H. TI Simultaneous detection of potato viruses, PLRV, PVA, PVX and PVY from dormant potato tubers by TaqMan((R)) real-time RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE multiple virus detection; potato tubers; TaqMan((R)); real-time RT-PCR; multiplex detection ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LEAFROLL-VIRUS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; VIROID DETECTION; VIRAL PATHOGENS; RNA; ASSAY; SEQUENCE; SENSITIVITY; MICROARRAY AB The requirements of sprouting dormant potato tubers for biological or serological assays or RNA extraction for nucleic acid and PCR assays add to the cost of virus screening. Recently, cheaper, reliable and more rapid methods for the screening of potato tuber-seed pieces for viruses have been developed that do not require sprouted tubers for indexing, including TaqMan (R) real-time RT-PCR. Although the assays are often designed for minimal time and reagent use, they still require a time-consuming and laborious RNA extraction step. This paper describes an assay where four common potato-infecting viruses, Potato leafroll virus, Potato virus A, Potato virus X and Potato virus Y, were detected simultaneously from total RNA and saps of dormant potato tubers in a quadruplex real-time RT-PCR. Factors critical for the detection of these viruses in saps of dormant potato tubers included: optimum dilution and inhibition of RNAses, and the optimization of the reverse transcription and PCR steps. Potato virus detection directly from tuber saps was comparable to that from purified total plant RNA, and this represents significant savings of time and expense. The TaqMan (R) system developed in this study detected between 200 and 400 copies of potato virus RNA. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Berger, PH (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, PPQ, APHIS, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Philip.H.Berger@aphis.usda.gov NR 35 TC 41 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 2007 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.12.012 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 170PM UT WOS:000246675900001 PM 17276522 ER PT J AU Millspaugh, JJ Burke, T Van Dyk, G Slotow, R Washburn, BE Woods, RJ AF Millspaugh, Joshua J. Burke, Tarryne Van Dyk, Gus Slotow, Rob Washburn, Brian E. Woods, Rami J. TI Stress response of working African elephants to transportation and safari adventures SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecotourism; elephant; human disturbance; South Africa; stress hormones; translocation ID LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; WEIGHT AB African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are intensively managed in southern Africa and are routinely translocated between reserves. Domesticated elephants are used for elephant-back safaris and interactions with guests. Understanding how elephants respond to such activities is critical because of welfare issues associated with both humans and elephants. We investigated the stress response (i.e., fecal glucocorticoid metabolite secretion [FGM]) of working elephants in Letsatsing Game Reserve, South Africa, over 1 year to evaluate their response to transportation and ecotourism activities. We used free-ranging elephants in adjacent Pilanesburg National Park as controls. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites were greatest prior to and during translocation and declined over the year. Within 1-2 months of transportation, FGM levels in working elephants became indistinguishable from those in wild elephants. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels were higher during human interaction days than days without interaction. The highest observed FGM levels were associated with transportation and episodic loud noises. Transportation is a stressful activity for elephants, and >= 3 months should be provided to translocated elephants to acclimate to their new surroundings. Although stress levels of elephants increased slightly when interacting with humans in the contexts we studied, evaluating interactions under a wider range of contexts is necessary to minimize danger to elephants and humans. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, Amarula Elephant Res Programme, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. Pilanesberg Natl Pk, NW Pk & Tourism Board, Mogwase, South Africa. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Millspaugh, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM MillspaughJ@missouri.edu OI Slotow, Rob/0000-0001-9469-1508 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1257 EP 1260 DI 10.2193/2006-015 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500034 ER PT J AU Tubajika, KM Jonawiak, JJ Mack, R Hoover, K AF Tubajika, Kayimbi Mendha Jonawiak, Jonh Jack Mack, Ronald Hoover, Kelli TI Efficacy of radio frequency treatment and its potential for control of sapstain and wood decay fungi on red oak, poplar, and southern yellow pine wood species SO JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; decay fungi; sapstain fungi ID IN-SHELL WALNUTS; SOFTWOOD LUMBER; POLES; KILN AB The effectiveness of radio frequency (RF) treatment in the control of wood decay fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Ganoderma lucidum, and Irpex lacteus) and sapstain fungus (Ceratocystis fimbriata) in red oak (Quercus spp.), poplar (Populus alba), and southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) was evaluated in the laboratory as an alternative to methyl bromide (MB) treatment. Wood samples (15.5 x 10 x 10 cm) were inoculated with fungi from a 7-day culture by dipping them to a depth of one face deep (2 cm) into inoculum and incubating them at 25 degrees C for 14 days. Identical wood samples were left uninoculated as controls. Subsequent to incubation, the wood blocks were exposed to RF radiation in an industrial 40-kW dielectric oven at temperatures between 60 degrees and 70 degrees C for 2 min. The test fungi were recovered and reisolated from all of the control wood blocks but not from RF-treated wood blocks. RF treatment resulted in complete inhibition of the fungus in 98%-100% of the wood samples. Moisture content loss (>= 1%) was noted after wood had been exposed to RF treatment. Moisture content may be an important factor to consider with RF treatments. RF treatment can, therefore, potentially provide an effective and rapid quarantine treatment as an alternative to MB fumigation for certain pathogen-wood combinations. C1 USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, APHIS PPQ, Otis Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. Penn State Univ, Forest Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD USA. RP Tubajika, KM (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, APHIS PPQ, Otis Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. EM Kayimbi.Tubajika@aphis.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1435-0211 J9 J WOOD SCI JI J. Wood Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10086-006-0844-x PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 177SK UT WOS:000247172600014 ER PT J AU Yao, L Delmonico, MJ Roth, SM Hand, BD Johns, J Conway, J Douglass, L Hurley, BF AF Yao, Lili Delmonico, Mathew J. Roth, Stephen M. Hand, Brian D. Johns, Joshua Conway, Joan Douglass, Larry Hurley, Ben F. TI Adrenergic receptor genotype influence on midthigh intermuscular fat response to strength training in middle-aged and older adults SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HERITAGE FAMILY; WOMEN; EXERCISE; GENE; MEN AB Background. There is little information regarding the effects of strength training on intermuscular fat (IMF). This study examines changes in IMF in response to strength training in carriers of the adrenergic receptor (ADR) beta 2Glu27 polymorphism versus noncarriers and between carriers of ADR alpha 2b Glu(9) polymorphism versus noncarriers. Methods. Midthigh IMF and muscle area were measured by computed tomography (CT) before and after 10 weeks of single-leg strength training in healthy, sedentary middle-aged and older (50-83 years) men (n = 46) and women (n = 52) in both their trained and untrained (control) legs. Results. The strength training program resulted in a substantial increase in one-repetition maximum strength (p < .001) and muscle area (p < .001), but no significant changes in IMF in the whole group. However, IMF was significantly reduced with strength training in participants carrying ADR beta 2 Glu27 (-2.3 +/- 1.0 cm(2), p = .028), but no significant change was observed with ADR beta 2 Glu27 noncarriers. The decrease in IMF in ADR alpha 2b Glu(9) carriers (-1.9 +/- 1.0 cm(2), p = .066) was significantly different (-2.9 +/- 1.5 cm(2), p = .043) from a nonsignificant increase in ADR alpha 2b Glu(9) noncarriers. ADR beta 2 Glu27 carriers who also carried ADR alpha 2b Glu(9) significantly lost IMF with strength training (-3.8 +/- 1.5 cm(2), p = .018). Conclusion. ADR genotype influences IMF response to strength training. C1 [Delmonico, Mathew J.; Roth, Stephen M.; Hand, Brian D.; Johns, Joshua; Hurley, Ben F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Douglass, Larry] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yao, Lili] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Conway, Joan] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hurley, BF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM benhur@umd.edu OI Roth, Stephen/0000-0002-7841-3695 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG021500, AG022791, K01 AG022791, K01 AG022791-05, L30 AG024705, L30 AG024705-03, R01 AG021500, R01 AG021500-03] NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 658 EP 663 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 271ZY UT WOS:000253828400013 PM 17595424 ER PT J AU Nicholson, EM Richt, JA Rasmussen, MA Hamir, AN Lebepe-Mazur, S Horst, RL AF Nicholson, E. M. Richt, J. A. Rasmussen, M. A. Hamir, A. N. Lebepe-Mazur, S. Horst, R. L. TI Exposure of sheep scrapie brain homogenate to rumen-simulating conditions does not result in a reduction of PrPSc levels SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine spongiform encephalopathy; prion; prion protein; rumen; scrapie; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; PRION PROTEIN; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; AGE; CATTLE; INACTIVATION; DEGRADATION; INFECTION; PEPTIDES AB Aims: Experiments were designed to evaluate the potential of rumen-simulating conditions to reduce PrPSc levels. Methods and Results: Scrapie-positive brain material was incubated under rumen-simulating conditions. Time points were taken over a 24-h period and PrPSc levels were analysed by Western blot. No loss of PrPSc was observed over a 24-h time period. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a fully developed rumen fermentation does not provide significant protection against prion infection via the oral route. Developmental changes including senescence of immune system function or other developmental changes in the gastrointestinal tract are potential mechanisms by which relative bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) susceptibility might vary with age. Significance and Impact of the Study: Epidemiology of the BSE outbreak in the United Kingdom indicates that younger animals were at higher risk of infection. The rumen undergoes pronounced developmental changes early in life, coinciding with the introduction of fibre into the diet. The timeframe of highest risk of infection overlaps the time in life prior to full rumen development. This work indicates that a fully developed rumen does not provide significant protection against prion infection via the oral route of infection. This result implicates other developmental changes that are responsible for the age-dependent susceptibility of cattle to BSE. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM enicholson@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02124.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 178NP UT WOS:000247227700010 PM 17576225 ER PT J AU Scholz, AM Mitchell, AD Forster, M Pursel, VG AF Scholz, A. M. Mitchell, A. D. Foerster, M. Pursel, V. G. TI Two-site evaluation of the relationship between in vivo and carcass dual energy X-ray absorptiornetry (DXA) in pigs SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; body composition; in vivo; carcass ID BODY-COMPOSITION ANALYSIS; DIFFERENT GENETIC-ORIGIN; SOFT-TISSUE; ABSORPTIOMETRY DXA; WHOLE-BODY; CROSS-CALIBRATION; FAT; BONE; QUALITY; HYDRATION AB A study was conducted to compare swine body composition measurements (fat tissue, lean tissue and bone mineral) made by DXA in vivo and on the right carcass half using two GE Lunar DPX pencil beam instruments at two different locations. Pigs weighing between 60 and 105 kg were first scanned in vivo by DXA and after slaughter the right carcass half of each pig was scanned - 78 pigs at the USDA in Beltsville, MD using a GE Lunar DPX-L instrument and 62 pigs at the LVG in Oberschleissheim, Germany using a GE Lunar DPX-IQ instrument (an updated model of the DPX-L). In addition to a separate analysis, despite confounding effects likely caused by the different study locations and probe preparations (scan modes) the data were pooled. Based on linear regression analysis of the pooled data, the relationship between DXA carcass half (dependent variable) and in vivo measurements resulted in coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.58 for fat percentage (root MSE=3.82%) and of 0.52 for lean percentage (root MSE=4.09%). The R-2 Values were expectedly higher when the data sets were analyzed separately for each location: 0.79 (root MSE=2.38%) and 0.85 (VMSE=1.60%) for fat percentage and 0.79 (root MSE=2.41%) and 0.84 (root MSE= 1.65%) for lean percentage at USDA and LVG, respectively. Regardless of the relatively close relationship among in vivo and carcass results for the pooled data, caution is advised in comparing measurements among GE Lunar DPX-L and DPX-IQ instruments, since the residuals (root MSE) for the regression analysis of DXA FAT% and DXA LEAN% measurements exceed 2.5%. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Munich, Expt Farm, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Scholz, AM (reprint author), Univ Munich, Lehr & Versuchsgut Oberschleissheim Tierarztl Fak, Hubertus Str 122, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. EM A.S@lmu.de OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.05.025 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 194DC UT WOS:000248323200001 ER PT J AU Wheelock, CE Goto, S Hammock, BD Newman, JW AF Wheelock, Craig E. Goto, Susumu Hammock, Bruce D. Newman, John W. TI Clofibrate-induced changes in the liver, heart, brain and white adipose lipid metabolome of Swiss-Webster mice SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE lipid metabolism; metabolomics; PPAR-alpha agonist; clofibrate; sphingomyelin; extra-hepatic ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; PPAR-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARDIOLIPIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-OXIDATION; FATTY-ACIDS; RAT; INDUCTION AB Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha agonists are anti-hyperlipidemic drugs that influence fatty acid combustion, phospholipid biosynthesis and lipoprotein metabolism. To evaluate impacts on other aspects of lipid metabolism, we applied targeted metabolomics to liver, heart, brain and white adipose tissue samples from male Swiss-Webster mice exposed to a 5 day, 500 mg/kg/day regimen of i.p. clofibrate. Tissue concentrations of free fatty acids and the fatty acid content of sphingomyelin, cardiolipin, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids were quantified. Responses were tissue-specific, with changes observed in the liver > heart > > brain > adipose. These results indicate that liver saturated fatty acid-rich triglycerides feeds clofibrate-induced monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis, which were incorporated into hepatic phospholipids and sphingomyelin. In addition, selective enrichment of docosahexeneoic acid in the phosphatidylserine of liver (1.7-fold), heart (1.6-fold) and brain (1.5-fold) suggests a clofibrate-dependent systemic activation of phosphatidylserine synthetase 2. Furthermore, the observed similar to 20% decline in cardiac sphingomyelin is consistent with activation of a sphingomeylinase with a substrate preference for polyunsaturate-containing sphingomyelin. Finally, perturbations in the liver, brain, and adipose cholesterol esters were observed, with clofibrate exposure elevating brain cholesterol arachidonyl-esters similar to 20-fold. Thus, while supporting previous findings, this study has identified novel impacts of PPARa agonist exposure on lipid metabolism that should be further explored. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Bioinformat Ctr, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Karolinska Univ Hosp Solna, Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Biom Ctr, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hammock, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bdhammock@ucdavis.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK007355]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005707, P30 ES005707-119017, P42 ES004699, P42 ES004699-22, R01 ES013933, R01 ES013933-03, R37 ES002710, R37 ES002710-27] NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s11306-007-0052-8 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 176JX UT WOS:000247082200007 PM 19079556 ER PT J AU Zimet, T Martin, JE Potter, BE AF Zimet, Tarisa Martin, Jonathan E. Potter, Brian E. TI The influence of an upper-level frontal zone on the Mack Lake Wildfire environment SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE upper-level front; wildfire; stratospheric intrusions; tropopause fold; dry air intrusion ID MODEL; FRONTOGENESIS AB Meteorological assessment of wildland fire danger has traditionally involved the identification of several synoptic weather types empirically determined to influence wildfire spread. Specifically, in the Great Lakes Region, high wildfire danger is often witnessed in association with northwesterly synoptic-scale flow aloft. Such synoptic-scale flow is regularly associated with the development of upper-level frontal zones also known as upper-level jet/front systems, which are often characterised by intrusions of stratospheric air into the troposphere. The notion that upper-frontal development can play an important role in promoting wildfire spread is advanced through interrogation of the output from a fine-scale numerical simulation of a documented explosive wildfire case; the Mack Lake Fire of May 1980. The Mack Lake case was characterised by a developing upper-level front embedded within a shortwave trough in the vicinity of the fire location. The upper-level front originated in northwesterly flow in central Canada as an upper-tropospheric ridge amplified over western North America. A thermally indirect circulation at the jet exit region both contributed to the intensification of the front and was associated with a maximum in quasi-geostrophic descent at mid-levels upstream of the fire region. The subsidence ushered dry air from the middle and upper-troposphere downward along sloping isentropes adiabatically warming and drying it along the way. A well-developed dry air intrusion associated with the operation of these processes extended to nearly the 750 hPa level far downstream from the actual upper-frontal zone supplying the fire environment with dry air that originated in the upper-troposphere/lower stratosphere. The organised subsidence was also responsible for downward advection of high momentum air from within the frontal zone into the fire environment, further influencing the wildfire spread. We conclude that upper-frontal processes, characteristic of northwesterly synoptic-scale flow, are likely a contributing factor to the prevalence of wildfire spread under such synoptic-scale conditions. Copyright (C) 2007 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Zimet, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jemarti1@wisc.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1002/met.14 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 189SM UT WOS:000248008800003 ER PT J AU Bluhm, BH Zhao, X Flaherty, JE Xu, JR Dunkle, LD AF Bluhm, B. H. Zhao, X. Flaherty, J. E. Xu, J.-R. Dunkle, L. D. TI RAS2 regulates growth and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Gibberella zeae; head blight ID ACTIVATED-PROTEIN-KINASE; INFECTION-RELATED MORPHOGENESIS; FUNGUS CANDIDA-ALBICANS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; MAP KINASE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; ADAPTER PROTEIN; LIPID RAFTS AB Fusarium graminearum is a ubiquitous pathogen of cereal crops, including wheat, barley, and maize. Diseases caused by F. graminearum are of particular concern because harvested grains frequently are contaminated with harmful mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, we explored the role of Ras GTPases in pathogenesis. The genome of F. graminearum contains two putative Ras GTPase-encoding genes. The two genes (RAS1 and RAS2) showed different patterns of expression under different conditions of nutrient availability and in various mutant backgrounds. RAS2 was dispensable for survival but, when disrupted, caused a variety of morphological defects, including slower growth on solid media, delayed spore germination, and significant reductions in virulence on wheat heads and maize silks. Intracellular cAMP levels were not affected by deletion of RAS2 and exogenous treatment of the ras2 mutant with cAMP did not affect phenotypic abnormalities, thus indicating that RAS2 plays a minor or no role in cAMP signaling. However, phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Gpmk1 and expression of a secreted lipase (FGL1) required for infection were reduced significantly in the ras2 mutant. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that RAS2 regulates growth and virulence in F. graminearum by regulating the Gpmk1 MAP kinase pathway. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Coker Coll, Dept Sci & Math, Hartsville, SC 29550 USA. RP Bluhm, BH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bluhm@purdue.edu NR 68 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-6-0627 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 168XZ UT WOS:000246558600004 PM 17555271 ER PT J AU Magbanua, ZV De Moraes, CM Brooks, TD Williams, WP Luthe, DS AF Magbanua, Zenaida V. De Moraes, Consuelo M. Brooks, T. D. Williams, W. Paul Luthe, Dawn S. TI Is catalase activity one of the factors associated with maize resistance to Aspergillus flavus? SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; SALICYLIC-ACID; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS; ACCUMULATION AB Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are usually accompanied by the release of reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide plays a direct role in defense and is involved in many signal transduction pathways that lead to the proliferation of other defenses. Because catalase helps to maintain reactive oxygen homeostasis during biotic and abiotic stress, its activity was measured in various cob tissues during maize ear development. Catalase activity was determined in immature and mature embryos, pericarp, and rachis tissues of maize lines that are resistant and susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection. The effect of fungal inoculation on catalase activity was also measured. Over two years of field experimentation, a correlation was observed between resistance and the level of catalase-specific activity in immature embryos, which was significantly higher in resistant lines (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, catallase activity in the resistant lines was significantly higher in immature embryos from inoculated ears (P = 0.0199). No correlation was observed between resistance and catalase activity in other ear tissues. Levels of hydrogen peroxide, the catallase substrate, and salicylic acid in the embryo were also determined. The resistant lines showed lower levels of H2O2 (P < 0.0001) and higher levels of salicylic acid (P < 0.0001) as compared with the susceptible lines. Catalase 3 was sequenced from the aflatoxin-resistant (Mp313E) and susceptible (SC212m) inbreds. The predicted amino acid sequence indicated that there was a 20-aa deletion in the resistant inbred that might affect enzymatic activity. Unlike many plant-pathogen interactions, it appears that lowering H2O2 levels helps to prevent A. flavus infection and subsequent aflatoxin accumulation. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ds114@psu.edu NR 57 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 697 EP 706 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-6-0697 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 168XZ UT WOS:000246558600010 PM 17555277 ER PT J AU Hernandez, JR Piepenbring, M Vega Rios, MB AF Hernandez, Jose R. Piepenbring, Meike Vega Rios, Maritza Betzaida TI A new species, Dicheirinia panamensis, and new records of rust fungi from Panama SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID UREDINALES; NEOTROPICS; ARGENTINA; PUCCINIA; TAXONOMY AB Based on a recent fieldwork in Panama, 25 species of rust fungi and several new hosts are reported for the first time from this country. Among the new records is one new species, Dicheirinia panamensis on Cojoba rufescens (Fabaceae). It differs from known species in the genus Dicheirinia by the presence of uredinia and telia without paraphyses, irregularly tuberculate urediniospores with two germ pores on the flattened sides, and tuberculate teliospores formed by three probasidial cells, subtended by a pedicel with three hyaline, apical cells. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Ecol Evolut & Divers, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Autonoma Chiriqui, David, Chiriqui, Panama. RP Hernandez, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jose@nt.ars-grin.gov; piepenbring@em.uni-frankfurt.de; maritzabvr@hotmail.com NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s11557-007-0526-0 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 181SX UT WOS:000247457500002 ER PT J AU Sogonov, MV Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY White, JF AF Sogonov, Mikhail V. Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. White, James F. TI The type species of Apiognomonia, A-veneta, with its Discula anamorph is distinct from A-errabunda SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anthracnose; Ascomycota; Diaporthales; endophytes; forest pathology; Gnomoniaceae; nomenclature; species recognition ID DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; SP-NOV; FUNGUS; DIAPORTHALES; NOMENCLATURE; DESTRUCTIVA; GNOMONIA; LEAVES AB Species of Apiognomonia with their Discula anamorphic states in the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales, are known throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere and cause diseases such as sycamore or plane tree anthracnose. The genus Apiognomonia was described based on A. veneta as the type species; however, there has been disagreement about whether or not A. veneta is a synonym of A. errabunda. Using morphological, ecological, and DNA sequence data we conclude that A. errabunda and A. veneta are different species, although very closely related; thus, A. veneta is the correct name for the type species of Apiognomonia. This conclusion is based on a combined analysis of sequences from the ITS regions of nuclear rDNA for 51 isolates from host plants of eight genera and intron regions from actin, calmodulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha for over 25 isolates. The type species of the genus Discula is D. neruisequa, the earliest available epithet for D. platani, the lectotype of Discula. D. nervisequa is the anamorph of A. veneta. Based on an examination of the type specimen, we determined that the commonly used name for the anamorph of A. errabunda, D. umbrinella, refers to another species. A. veneta and A. errabunda including their anamorphs are described and illustrated. An account of all synonyms and excluded synonyms is presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol & Plant Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Sogonov, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM msogonov@nt.ars-grin.gov RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 111 BP 693 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.013 PN 6 PG 17 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 205ZE UT WOS:000249152900008 PM 17604146 ER PT J AU Posada, F Aime, MC Peterson, SW Rehner, SA Vega, FE AF Posada, Francisco Aime, M. Catherine Peterson, Stephen W. Rehner, Stephen A. Vega, Fernando E. TI Inoculation of coffee plants with the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coffea; coffee berry borer; endophytes; hypothenemus ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; BERRY BORER; HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI; HEMILEIA-VASTATRIX; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; CUTICULAR WAX; ARABICA L; ZEA-MAYS; LEAVES AB The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiaria was established in coffee seedlings after fungal spore suspensions were applied as foliar sprays, stem injections, or soil drenches. Direct injection yielded the highest post-inoculation recovery of endophytic B. bassiana. Establishment, based on percent recovery of B. bassiana, decreased as time post-inoculation increased in all treatments. Several other endophytes were isolated from the seedlings and could have negatively influenced establishment of B. bassiana. The recovery of B. bassiana from sites distant from the point of inoculation indicates that the fungus has the potential to move throughout the plant. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genome & Bioprocess Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Fernando.Vega@ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 71 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 111 BP 748 EP 757 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.006 PN 6 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 205ZE UT WOS:000249152900014 PM 17604149 ER PT J AU Ziouzenkova, O Orasanu, G Sharlach, M Akiyama, TE Berger, JP Viereck, J Hamilton, JA Tang, GW Dolnikowski, GG Vogel, S Duester, G Plutzky, J AF Ziouzenkova, Ouliana Orasanu, Gabriela Sharlach, Molly Akiyama, Taro E. Berger, Joel P. Viereck, Jason Hamilton, James A. Tang, Guangwen Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Vogel, Silke Duester, Gregg Plutzky, Jorge TI Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BETA-CAROTENE; BINDING-PROTEIN; PPAR-GAMMA; VITAMIN-A; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; ACID RECEPTORS; ADIPONECTIN; INHIBITION AB The metabolism of vitamin A and the diverse effects of its metabolites are tightly controlled by distinct retinoid-generating enzymes, retinoid-binding proteins and retinoid-activated nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid regulates differentiation and metabolism by activating the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR), indirectly influencing RXR heterodimeric partners. Retinoic acid is formed solely from retinaldehyde (Rald), which in turn is derived from vitamin A. Rald currently has no defined biologic role outside the eye. Here we show that Rald is present in rodent fat, binds retinol-binding proteins (CRBP1, RBP4), inhibits adipogenesis and suppresses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c and RXR responses. In vivo, mice lacking the Rald-catabolizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Raldh1) resisted diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and showed increased energy dissipation. In ob/ob mice, administrating Rald or a Raldh inhibitor reduced fat and increased insulin sensitivity. These results identify Rald as a distinct transcriptional regulator of the metabolic responses to a high-fat diet. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiovasc, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Burnham Inst, OncoDev Biol Program, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Plutzky, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiovasc, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jplutzky@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Ziouzenkova, Ouliana/B-3690-2012; OI Hamilton, James/0000-0002-4747-7071 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY013969, R01 EY013969-05A2]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL048743, P01 HL48743, R01 HL071745]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD051959-01, K12 HD051959]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30DK046200, P30 DK046200] NR 43 TC 190 Z9 198 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1038/nm1587 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 176KQ UT WOS:000247084300032 PM 17529981 ER PT J AU Timper, P Krakowsky, MD Snook, ME AF Timper, P. Krakowsky, M. D. Snook, M. E. TI Resistance in maize to Paratrichodorus minor SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE benzoxazinones; DIMBOA; hydroxamic acids; maize; Paratrichodorus minor; resistance; stubby-root nematode; Zea mays ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; HYDROXAMIC ACID CONTENT; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; QUANTIFICATION; CHRYSOMELIDAE; NEMATODES; HYBRIDS; ROOTS AB The stubby-root nematode Paratrichodorus minoris widespread in the southeastern United States. Maize is both a good host for reproduction and sensitive to feeding damage from this nematode. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate commercial maize hybrids and public inbred lines for resistance to P. minor. A secondary objective was to determine whether there was a correlation between nematode reproduction and the concentration of benzoxazinones in maize roots. Thirty three commercial maize hybrids and 22 public inbred lines were evaluated for resistance to P. minorin the greenhouse. Pioneer hybrid 3223 served as a susceptible control. Pots containing sterilized loamy sand and one maize plant were inoculated with 500 mixed vermiform stages. Nematodes were extracted from the soil approximately 50 days after inoculation. Four hybrids (Croplan 822RR2/Bt, Southern States 842RR, Garst 8200YGI, and Pioneer 31G98) were moderately resistant to P. minor in three trials. Nematode reproduction on these four hybrids averaged less than 50% the reproduction on Pioneer 3223. None of the public inbred lines tested showed any resistance to P. minor relative to Pioneer 3223. The benzoxazinones present in the maize roots were the MBOA aglycone, and glucosides of DIM,BOA and DIMBOA. Concentrations of total benzoxazinones differed among maize hybrids; however, there was no relationship between concentrations and reproduction of P. minor. To better predict resistance to P. minor in maize hybrids, additional research is needed to identify inbred lines with resistance. Discovery of chemical or genetic markers for resistance would also be useful for screening inbred lines and hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Patricia.Timper@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 185WV UT WOS:000247742000002 ER PT J AU Cetintas, R Kaur, R Brito, JA Mendes, ML Nyczepir, AP Dickson, DW AF Cetintas, R. Kaur, R. Brito, J. A. Mendes, M. L. Nyczepir, A. P. Dickson, D. W. TI Pathogenicity and reproductive potential of Meloidogyne mayaguensis and M-floridensis compared with three common Meloidogyne spp. SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE common vetch; Meloidogyne arenatia; microplot; M. incognita; M. javanica; pathogenicity; reproduction potential; root-knot nematode; tomato AB The pathogenicity and reproductive potential of Meloidogyne mayaguensis and M. floridensis, two new species recently reported in Florida agriculture, were compared to those of M. arenaria race 1, M. incognita race 4, and M. javanica race I on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in field microplots. Three trials were conducted, one in fall and two in spring using tomato cvs. Solar Set and Florida 47, respectively. Two levels of each nematode (low = one egg or second-stage juvenile J2) / 100 cm(3) of soil; high = three eggs or J2/100 cm(3) of soil) were used with nine replicates each. Common vetch (Vicia saliva) was used in trial one as a winter cover crop. Nematode densities in the soil, root-galling, eggs per gram fresh root, shoot fresh weight and plant height were recorded. No significant interaction was observed between root-knot nematode species and inoculum levels in trials one or two except for eggs/g of fresh root and,J2/100 cm(3) of soil at harvest of cv. Solar Set in trial one, fall 2004. All five species of root-knot nematodes induced root-galling and reproduced well on both tomato cultivars, except M. floridensis, which produced less galling in all trials. Meloidogyne mayaguensis produced the highest percentage of root-galling on cv. Solar Set in the fall trial but not on cv. Florida 47 in spring trials. However, M. arenaria showed a higher reproductive potential on cv. Solar Set in the fall trial. Galling on vetch was similar among M. arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. mayaguensis, but numbers ofJ2 in soil were lower for M.floridensis and M.javanica than for M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. mayaguensis. Although M. mayaguensis was observed to induce large galls on tomato, yield reduction occurred in only one of two trials in spring of 2005. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Dept Plant Protect, TR-46060 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Brito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM britoj@doacs.state.fl.us NR 22 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 185WV UT WOS:000247742000003 ER PT J AU Starr, JL Ong, KL Huddleston, M Handoo, ZA AF Starr, J. L. Ong, K. L. Huddleston, M. Handoo, Z. A. TI Control of Meloidogyne marylandi on bermudagrass SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; Bermudagrass; biological control; Cynodon dactylon; Meloidopne marylandi; nematode management; Paecilomyces lilacinus; Posteuria spp.; root-knot nematode; soil fumigation; turlgrass ID NEMATODES AB Meloidogyne marylandi is widely distributed on turf in Texas and is frequently associated with poor turf appearance and growth. Suppression of population densities of M. marylandi on established Bermudagrass through application of a new formulation of 1,3-dichloropropene (Curfew), fenamiphos (Nemacur), or the biological agent Paecilomyces lilacinus (MeloCon WG) was tested in separate experiments. Application of the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene effectively suppressed nematode population densities for 10 weeks with a slight improvement in turf color (P = 0.08). Neither P. lilacinus nor fenamiphos effectively suppressed nematode population densities nor improved turf appearance. Fenamiphos did reduce root galling (P = 0.05) in one of two experiments. juveniles of M. marylandi encumbered with Pasteuria spp. endospores were observed during these studies and the efficacy of this biological control agent in established turf needs to be investigated. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Cooperat Extens, Dallas Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. Texas Dept Agr, Austin, TX 78711 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Starr, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-starr@tamu.edu NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 185WV UT WOS:000247742000005 ER PT J AU Saha, SK Wang, KH McSorley, R McGovern, RJ Kokalis-Burelle, N AF Saha, S. K. Wang, K.-H. McSorley, R. McGovern, R. J. Kokalis-Burelle, N. TI Effect of solarization and cowpea cover crop on plant-parasitic nematodes, pepper yields, and weeds SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; integrated pest management; Meloidogyne; Mesocriconema; methyl bromide; alternatives; ring nematode; root-knot nematode; sustainable agriculture; Vigna unguiculata ID SOIL SOLARIZATION AB Two field experiments with bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) 'Wizard X3R' were established (May 2003, 2004) in Marion Co., Florida, U.S.A. The objective was to compare yields, nematode populations, and weeds as impacted by six soil management treatments: cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) summer cover crop, solarization on a raised bed, solarization on a flat surface, cowpea cover crop followed by raised bed solarization, methyl bromide fumigation, and untreated control. Soil samples were obtained after all treatments had been applied, just prior to planting, and at the end of the season to determine the effects of treatments on nematode population densities. In 2003 prior to planting, ring nematodes (Mesocriconema sp.) were most prevalent in the control treatment and lowest in the cowpea cover crop combined with raised bed solarization, and the methyl bromide fumigation treatments. At the end of both seasons the combination of cowpea cover crop with bedded solarization was as effective as methyl bromide fumigation for suppressing root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). In 2004, raised-bed solarization was also as effective as methyl bromide for suppressing root-knot nematodes. All solarization treatments were effective in suppressing weeds compared to the untreated control, and were more effective than methyl bromide in 2003 when no glyphosate was applied during the summer. Solarization treatments were equivalent to glyphosate-treated methyl bromide and control plots in 2004. Pepper yields of U.S. Fancy grade and total fruit weight in 2003 were higher in raised-bed solarization than methyl bromide fumigated plots. Cowpea in combination with raised-bed solarization resulted in higher total fruit weight relative to methyl bromide fumigation. Two hurricanes followed by a Pythium sp. epidemic confounded yield differences in 2004. However, flat solarization resulted in greater total fruit number and weight of U.S. #1 grade peppers than methyl bromide fumigation. Solarization and solarization combined with a cowpea cover crop can be useful alternatives for nematode and weed suppression, and improved yield of pepper. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP McSorley, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mcsorley@ufl.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 185WV UT WOS:000247742000006 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Li, Y Handoo, Z Klassen, W AF Wang, Q. Li, Y. Handoo, Z. Klassen, W. TI Influence of cover crops on populations of soil nematodes SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE cowpea; Indian mustard; marigold; Meloidogyne incognita; okra; radish; root-knot nematodes; sunn hemp; velvetbean ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; PARASITIC NEMATODES; LESION NEMATODES; ROTATION; MARIGOLD; AMENDMENTS; CULTIVARS; SYSTEMS; SOLANI AB A pot experiment was carried out in south Florida to elucidate suppressive or antagonistic effects of several cover crops grown in rotation on soil nematode populations. The crops were two marigolds, Tagetes patula L. 'Dwarf Double French Mix' (MDF), and Tagetes patula L. 'Lemon Drop' (MLD), Indian mustard (IM) [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.], radish (RD) [Raphanus sativus L.], sunn hemp (SH) [ Crotalaria juncea L., 'Tropic Sun'], velvetbean (VB) [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.], a Meloidogyne-susceptible cowpea (CP) [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, 'Purple Knuckle Hull'], and okra (OK) [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.), 'Clemson Spineless 80']. Eight rotation schemes each with 3 rotations were carried out from June, 2002 to December, 2003. Those schemes were MDF-RD-MDF, MLD-CP-MLD, IM-VB-IM, RD-MDF-RD, SH-OK-SH, VB-IM-VB, CP-MLD-CP, and OK-SH-OK. The results showed that marigolds, sunn hemp and velvetbean effectively suppressed root-knot nematodes, but okra, Indian mustard, radish and 'Purple Knuckle Hull' cowpea promoted population growth of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Furthermore, the antagonistic effect of the nematode suppressive crops carried over to reduce the infestation of plant-parasitic nematodes in the following crop. The results indicate that rotating marigold with other ornamental plants or rotating nematode-suppressive cover crops, such as sunn hemp, with field or cash crops may strongly suppress plant-parasitic nematode populations and benefit the following crop. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA, Agr Res & Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW,280 St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM yunli@ifas.ufl.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 185WV UT WOS:000247742000009 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JP Kabrick, JM Wetteroff, J AF Dwyer, John P. Kabrick, John M. Wetteroff, James TI Do improvement harvests mitigate oak decline in Missouri Ozark forests? SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE oak decline; improvement harvest; Missouri Ozark forests ID SITE AB Since the 1970s, oak decline has been a chronic problem throughout the oak-dominated forests of the Missouri Ozarks. Prior research indicates that environmental stress, particularly drought, leads to the onset of oak decline. Consequently, some scientists and managers have advocated thinning and intermediate harvesting to maintain or improve tree vigor and growth, thereby leaving stands less susceptible to pathogens and pests that are frequently the ultimate cause of mortality of declining frees. However, few studies have experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of cutting treatments for mitigating oak decline, and some scientists have cautioned that cutting in declining stands exacerbates the problem. We conducted a replicated, 14-year study in southeastern Missouri to determine if improvement harvests would reduce the severity of oak decline symptoms and increase forest growth compared with untreated stands. Although we found that improvement harvests did not mitigate oak decline, they did not make decline worse and had the benefits of increasing the diameter growth of trees in the residual stand. Even in the absence of the improvement harvests, more than 70% of red oaks that initially exhibited little or no crown dieback remained in the same crown dieback classes during the 14-year study period. We also observed that more than 50% of the red oaks that initially exhibited moderate to severe decline symptoms appeared to improve during the study, regardless of harvest treatment. In contrast, fewer than 18% of declining white oaks improved during the study period. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Environm Consulting Inc, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. RP Dwyer, JP (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dwyerj@missouri.edu; jkabrick@fs.fed.us; jwetter@eci-consulting.com NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177XN UT WOS:000247185900007 ER PT J AU Luppold, W Alderman, D AF Luppold, William Alderman, Delton TI Influence of species on site selection and timber removal: A case study for West Virginia SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE hardwood markets; forest composition; harvesting; yellow-poplar AB Over the lost 40 years the composition of West Virginia forests has been (hanging as selective cuffing practices have removed larger-diameter timber of specific species and partial canopy removal has fostered the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as red maple. However, since the mid-1990s there has been considerable change in the number of markets accepting lower-quality and smaller-diameter roundwood, especially yellow-poplar. These changes have increased the number of roundwood markets and thus have increased the potential for harvesting based on silvicultural objectives or clearcuts. An examination of harvesting and merchandising practices for 28 harvest sites in West Virginia found an average of four merchandising separations or markets per site. Although the presence of new markets may have increased the section of sites containing yellow-poplar and the removal of this species from these sites, the continuation of diameter-limit cutting seems to have the greatest effect on which trees are removed. This pattern of partial harvests continues to favor the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as red and sugar maple. C1 USDA, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24720 USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), USDA, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24720 USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us; dalderman@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 146 EP 148 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177XN UT WOS:000247185900011 ER PT J AU Lootens, JR Larsen, DR Shifley, SR AF Lootens, James R. Larsen, David R. Shifley, Stephen R. TI Height-diameter equations for 12 upland species in the Missouri Ozark highlands SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE height-diameter equations; Missouri; Ozark highlands; allometric equations AB We calibrated a model predicting total tree height as a function of tree diameter for nine tree species common to the Missouri Ozarks. Model coefficients were derived from nearly 10,000 observed trees. The calibrated model did a good job predicting the mean height-diameter trend for each species (pseudo-R-2 values ranged from 0.56 to 0.88), but for a given tree diameter observed tree heights were highly variable. We also present a technique for incorporating the observed variation in tree heights in the predicted values. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lootens, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jlootens@fs.fed.us; LarsenDR@Missouri.edu; sshifley@fs.fed.us RI Lootens, James/B-1821-2010; OI Lootens-White, Jim/0000-0003-4732-6887 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177XN UT WOS:000247185900012 ER PT J AU Roper, BB Jarvis, B Kershner, JL AF Roper, Brett B. Jarvis, Beau Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; CHANNEL NETWORKS; PEBBLE COUNTS; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS; OREGON; TIME; MACROINVERTEBRATES; RESTORATION AB We evaluated the relationship between natural vegetative disturbance and changes in stream habitat and macroinvertebrate metrics within 33 randomly selected minimally managed watersheds in central Idaho and western Montana. Changes in stream reach conditions were related to vegetative disturbance for the time periods from 1985 to 1993 and 1993 to 2000, respectively, at the following three spatial scales; within the stream buffer and less than I km from the evaluated reach, within the watershed and within I km of the stream reach, and within the watershed. Data for stream reaches were based on field surveys and vegetative disturbance was generated for the watershed above the sampled reach using remotely sensed data and geographical information systems. Large scale (> 100 ha) vegetative disturbance was common within the study area. Even though natural vegetative disturbance rates were high, we found that few of the measured attributes were related to the magnitude of vegetative disturbance. The three physical habitat attributes that changed significantly were sinuosity, median particle size, and percentage of undercut bank-, each was related to the disturbance in the earlier (1985-1993) time frame. There was a significant relationship between changes in two macroinvertebrate metrics, abundance and percent collectors/fifterers, and the magnitude of disturbance during the more recent time period (1993-2000). We did not find a consistent relationship between the location of the disturbance within the watershed and changes in stream conditions. Our findings suggest that natural vegetative disturbance within the northern Rocky Mountains is complex but likely does not result in substantial short-term changes in the characteristics of most stream reaches. C1 Utah State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Wildlife & Rare Plants, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA. Montana State Univ, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Roper, BB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Wildlife & Rare Plants, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM broper@fs.fed.us RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 224 EP 238 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192JD UT WOS:000248196500006 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Chun, HK Tuo, WB Park, HJ Cho, SM Lee, YM Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, Sung-Hyen Lillehoj, Hyun Soon Chun, Hye-Kyung Tuo, Wenbin Park, Hong-Ju Cho, Soo-Muk Lee, Young-Min Lillehoj, Enik P. TI In vitro treatment of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes, macrophages, and tumor cells with extracts of Korean medicinal plants SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; immunomodulation; lymphocyte; tumor; macrophage; antioxidant ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS VACCINE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; EIMERIA-TENELLA; NITRIC-OXIDE; CANCER-CELLS; PROLIFERATION; INGREDIENTS; ANTIOXIDANT; INHIBITION AB A variety of different medicinal plants have traditionally been used in Asian cultures as medicinal plants to enhance immunity and treat cancers. However, limited information exists on the underlying mechanisms responsible for these immune enhancing properties. The current investigation was conducted to examine the effects of methanol extracts of 3 Korean indigenous plants (dandelion root, mustard leaf, and safflower leaf) on various in vitro parameters of innate immunity (peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production by macrophages, and free radical scavenging activity) and tumor cell growth. All plant extracts inhibited tumor cell growth and exerted antioxidant effects compared with vehicle controls. In addition, safflower leaf extract stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and mustard leaf induced nitric oxide production. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that traditional Korean medicinal plant extracts are effective in enhancing innate immunity and suppressing tumor cell growth. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elillehoj@peds.umaryland.edu; chunhk@rda.go.kr NR 38 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.001 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 188UU UT WOS:000247945600009 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Grund, B Visnegarwala, F Thackeray, L Miller, CG Chesson, CE El-Sadr, W Carr, A AF Ellis, Kenneth J. Grund, Birgit Visnegarwala, Fehmida Thackeray, Lisa Miller, Collin G. Chesson, Charles E. El-Sadr, Wafaa Carr, Andrew CA SMART Study Grp TI Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity measurements in adults: Influence of measurement site SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE computed tomography; human immunodeficiency virus; abdominal adiposity; lipodystrophy ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TISSUE VOLUME; ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RISK; MEN; LIPODYSTROPHY; PREDICTION; WOMEN AB Objective: Excess abdominal adiposity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Computed tomography can be used to examine the visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) components of abdominal adiposity, but it is unresolved whether single-slice or multi-slice protocols are needed. Research Method and Procedures: Nine computed tomography scans were obtained in the lumbar spine region of 24 adults. The nine slices were obtained at three intervertebral positions (L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5) and at 7 mm above and below these locations. Intra-site and inter-site differences in SAT, VAT, total adipose tissue, and the VAT/SAT ratio were examined using ANOVA and confidence intervals for pairwise differences between means. Results: Intervertebral SAT values increased from 103.1 +/- 50.9 (standard deviation) cm(2) at L2-L3 to 153.3 +/- 68.8 cm(2) at L4-L5, whereas the corresponding VAT values decreased from 164.3 +/- 125.4 to 126.0 +/- 82.7 cm(2). The VAT/SAT ratio was not constant, decreasing from 1.8 +/- 1.4 to 0.9 +/- 0.7. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated significant inter- and intra-site differences (p <= 0.02) for SAT, VAT, and the VAT/SAT ratio at L3-L4 and L4-L5 (p < 0.001). Discussion: These differences show the limitation of using a single-slice assessment of abdominal fat distribution, both for a subject and between subjects. Furthermore, the sizeable differences in the intra-site scans indicate that precise repositioning is needed for longitudinal studies. In summary, our findings suggest that a multi-site imaging protocol may provide a more complete assessment of abdominal fat stores and distribution than use of a single site. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Bioimaging Technol, Newtown, PA USA. Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. St Vincents Hosp, HIV Immunol & Infect Dis Clin Serv Unit, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellies@bcm.tmc.edu FU Medical Research Council [MC_U122886352]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01AI042170, U01AI46362] NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1447 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.172 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 180ZG UT WOS:000247405900013 PM 17557981 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Cai, GW Jaramillo, SJ Cole, SA Comuzzie, AG Butte, NF AF Fisher, Jennifer O. Cai, Guowen Jaramillo, Sandra J. Cole, Shelly A. Comuzzie, Anthony G. Butte, Nancy F. TI Heritability of hyperphagic eating behavior and appetite-related hormones among Hispanic children SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE eating behaviors; Hispanics; energy intake; genetic susceptibility; childhood obesity ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENERGY-INTAKE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS; GENETIC INFLUENCES; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; DIETARY RESTRAINT; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; QUEBEC FAMILY AB Objective: Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) may be a genetically influenced phenotype of overweight children, but evidence is limited. This research evaluated the heritability (h 2) of EAH and its association with overweight among Hispanic children 5 to 18 years old. Genetic and environmental associations of EAH with overweight, fat mass, and key hormonal regulators of food intake were also evaluated. Research Methods and Procedures: A family design was used to study 801 children from 300 Hispanic families. Weighed food intakes were used to measure EAH after an ad libitum dinner providing 50% of estimated energy needs. Fasting ghrelin, amylin, insulin, and leptin were measured by immunoassays. Measured heights, weights, and fat mass (using DXA) were obtained. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by room respiration calorimetry. Results: On average, children consumed 41% of TEE at the dinner meal, followed by an additional 19% of TEE in the absence of hunger. Overweight children consumed 6.5% more energy at dinner (p < 0.001) and 14% more energy in the absence of hunger (p < 0.001) than non-overweight children. Significant heritabilities were seen for EAH (h(2) = 0.51) and dinner intake (h(2) = 0.52) and for fasting levels of ghrelin (h(2) = 0.67), amylin (h(2) = 0.37), insulin (h(2) = 0.37), and leptin (h(2) = 0.34). Genetic correlations were seen between eating behavior and fasting hormones, suggesting common underlying genes affecting their expression. Discussion: This research provides new evidence that overweight Hispanic children exhibit elevated levels of hyperphagic eating behaviors that are influenced by genetic endowment. C1 ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5R01 DK59264] NR 54 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1484 EP 1495 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.177 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 180ZG UT WOS:000247405900018 PM 17557986 ER PT J AU Novotny, R Going, S Teegarden, D Van Loan, M McCabe, G McCabe, L Daida, YG Boushey, CJ AF Novotny, Rachel Going, Scott Teegarden, Dorothy Van Loan, Marta McCabe, George McCabe, Linda Daida, Yihe G. Boushey, Carol J. CA ACT Res Team TI Hispanic and Asian pubertal girls have higher android/gynoid fat ratio than whites SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE DXA; body fat distribution; puberty; body composition; race ID BODY-FAT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDREN; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; YOUNG AB Objective: To examine differences in body size, composition, and distribution of body fat among Hispanic, white, and Asian adolescents. Research Methods and Procedures: This included cross-sectional data from the baseline sample of the Adequate Calcium Today trial. Participants included 180 Asian, 234 Hispanic, and 325 white girls 11.8 +/- 0.05 years of age from Arizona, California, Hawaii, Indiana, Ohio, and Nevada. Anthropometric and DXA measurements (Lunar Prodigy) were standardized across sites. Tanner pubertal stage was self-selected from line drawings. Physical activity was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Comparisons between ethnic groups were examined using contrasts in the context of a general linear model. Results: Controlling for pubertal stage and study site only, Asians weighed less than Hispanics and were shorter than Hispanics and whites. Controlling for pubertal stage, height, weight, and study site, Asians had shorter leg lengths, smaller waist circumference, longer trunk lengths, more lean mass, less total fat mass, and less gynoid fat mass than Hispanics and whites; Asians had larger bitrochanteric width than whites; Asians had smaller DXA-derived android fat mass than Hispanics; and whites had smaller mean android/gynoid fat ratio than Hispanics. However, whites had a smaller android/gynoid fat ratio than both Asians and Hispanics in a model that adjusted for ethnicity, pubertal stage, bitrochanteric width, waist circumference, trunk length, log of physical activity, and study site, which explained 77% of the variation. Discussion: Ethnic differences in fat distribution are partially explained by differences in skeletal dimensions. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Novotny, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, 1955 East West Rd,AgSci Bldg,Room 216, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM novotny@hawaii.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR011091] NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1565 EP 1570 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.185 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 180ZG UT WOS:000247405900026 PM 17557994 ER PT J AU Lange, AK Singh, MAF Smith, RM Foroughi, N Baker, MK Shnier, R Vanwanseele, B AF Lange, A. K. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone Smith, R. M. Foroughi, N. Baker, M. K. Shnier, R. Vanwanseele, B. TI Degenerative meniscus tears and mobility impairment in women with knee osteoarthritis SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE meniscus; mobility; cartilage; osteoarthritis; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ID 6-MINUTE WALK PERFORMANCE; OLDER-ADULTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; COLLEGE ALUMNI; BALANCE; EXERCISE; ASSOCIATION; ARTHRITIS AB Objective: Meniscus tears are often presumed to be associated with a traumatic event, but they can also occur as a result of the cartilage degeneration process in osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of degenerative meniscus tears in women with knee OA. Method. The subjects were women screened for a double-blind, sham-exercise controlled clinical trial for women over 40 years of age with CA in at least one knee, according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical criteria. The presence of meniscus tears was assessed via a 3 T Intera (Philips MedicalSystems) magnetic resonance image (MRI). Clinical examination included a history of arthritis onset and physical examination of the lower extremities. Physical assessments included body composition, muscle strength, walking endurance, gait velocity, and balance. In addition, pain and disability secondary to OA, physical self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, habitual physical activity level and quality of life were assessed via questionnaires. Results: Almost three-quarters (73%) of the 41 subjects had a medial, lateral, or bilateral meniscus tear by MRI. Walking endurance and balance performance were significantly impaired in subjects with a degenerative meniscus tear, compared to subjects without tears, despite similar OA duration, symptoms, and disability, body composition, and other clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Meniscus tears, diagnosed by MRI, are very common in older women with knee OA, particularly in the medial compartment. These incidentally discovered tears are associated with clinically relevant impairments of balance and walking endurance relative to subjects without meniscus tears. The explanation for this association requires further study. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Symb Clin Res Imaging Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Lange, AK (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM alan5625@mail.usyd.edu.au RI Baker, Michael/E-9514-2010; OI Baker, Michael/0000-0002-0551-4209 NR 51 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2006.11.004 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 179UF UT WOS:000247314900014 PM 17207645 ER PT J AU Seeman, E Compston, J Adachi, J Brandi, ML Cooper, C Dawson-Hughes, B Jonsson, B Pols, H Cramer, JA AF Seeman, E. Compston, J. Adachi, J. Brandi, M. L. Cooper, C. Dawson-Hughes, B. Jonsson, B. Pols, H. Cramer, J. A. TI Non-compliance: the Achilles' heel of anti-fracture efficacy SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE compliance; osteoporosis; persistance ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ONCE-MONTHLY IBANDRONATE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PLUS VITAMIN-D; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WEEKLY ALENDRONATE; VERTEBRAL FRACTURES; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; HIP FRACTURE AB About 50% of patients fail to comply or persist with anti-osteoporosis treatment regimens within 1 year. Poor compliance is associated with higher fracture rates. Causes of poor compliance are unknown. As it is not possible to predict poor compliance, close monitoring of compliance is needed. Despite evidence supporting the anti-fracture efficacy of several pharmacological agents, approximately 50% of patients do not follow their prescribed treatment regimen and/or discontinue treatment within 1 year. Poor compliance is associated with higher fracture rates and increased morbidity, mortality and cost. However, as poor compliance, even to placebo, is associated with adverse outcomes, the higher morbidity appears to be only partly the result of lack of treatment: as yet, undefined characteristics place poor compliers at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Only a small proportion (e.g., 6%) of the variability in compliance is explained by putative causal factors such as older age, co-morbidity or greater number of medications. Regimens with longer dosing intervals, such as weekly dosing, improve compliance, persistence and outcomes, but only modestly. As it is not possible to predict poor compliance, close monitoring of compliance should be an obligatory duty in clinical care. How this is best achieved has yet to be established, but poor persistence occurs as early as 3 months of starting treatment, indicating the need for early monitoring. C1 Dept Endocrinol, Melbourne, Vic 3084, Australia. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA. Erasmus Univ, Sch Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Hlth Econ, Stockholm, Sweden. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Agr Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. Univ Florence, Sch Med, Florence, Italy. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Cambridge, England. Univ Melbourne, Austin Hlth, Dept Med & Endocrinol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Seeman, E (reprint author), Dept Endocrinol, Centaur Bldg,Repatriat Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3084, Australia. EM egos@unimelb.edu.au OI Seeman, Ego/0000-0002-9692-048X FU Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1014, MC_U147585824] NR 58 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1007/s00198-006-0294-8 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 163QF UT WOS:000246175600001 PM 17245547 ER PT J AU Christen, JM Campbell, JF Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI Ramaswamy, SB AF Christen, J. M. Campbell, J. F. Lewis, E. E. Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. Ramaswamy, S. B. TI Responses of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobrave to its insect hosts, Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steinernema riobrave; Galleria niellonella; Tenebrio molitor ID PARASITOID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; HETERORHABDITIS-MEGIDIS; PATHOGENIC NEMATODES; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; INFECTED HOSTS; COLONIZING SEX; DENSITY; XENORHABDUS; BACTERIA AB Potential hosts for infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes can vary considerably in quality based on the characteristics of the host species/stage, physiological status (e.g. stress, feeding on toxins), and infection status (heterospecific or conspecific infection). In this study we investigated responses of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave to hosts (Galleria mellonella or Tenebrio molitor) that were previously parasitized with conspecifics or injected with the nematode-symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus sp., to determine if there is a preference for previously parasitized/ injected hosts and when this preference might occur. In no-choice bioassays, the number of juveniles infecting both host species decreased with increasing time post-infection. However, infective juveniles continued to infect previously parasitized hosts up to 72 h. Significant preference was exhibited by S. riobrave for 24 It post-infection G. mellonella larvae over uninfected, and by 24 h post-injection G. mellonella larvae over 48 h post-injection larvae. No significant preference was exhibited by S. riobrave for T. molitor hosts previously parasitized with conspecifics or those injected with bacteria in any treatment combination. Such preference for, or continued infection of parasitized insects, has the potential to impact nematode efficacy. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prpd Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Unit, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prpd Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM james.campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 134 BP 889 EP 898 DI 10.1017/S0031182006002101 PN 6 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 174HV UT WOS:000246933900013 PM 17201992 ER PT J AU Harmon, AF Williams, ZB Zarlenga, DS Hildreth, MB AF Harmon, Aaron F. Williams, Zachary B. Zarlenga, Dante S. Hildreth, Michael B. TI Real-time PCR for quantifying Haemonchus contortus eggs and potential limiting factors SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI EGGS; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; CATTLE; FECES; AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION; SEQUENCES; DIAGNOSIS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practicality of using real-time PCR for quantifying feces-derived trichostrongyle eggs. Haemonchus contortus eggs were used to evaluate fecal contaminants, time after egg embryonation, and the presence of competing and non-competing DNAs as factors that might interfere with generating reproducible results during simplex and multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR). Real-time PCR results showed linear quantifiable amplification with DNA from five to 75 eggs. However, threshold cycle (C (T)) values obtained by amplification of DNA from egg numbers between 75 and 1,000 did not differ significantly. Inhibitors of QPCR were effectively removed during DNA extraction as exemplified by the absence of any improvement in C (T) values with bovine serum albumin or phytase treatments. Changes from egg embryonation could only be detected during the first 6 h. Noncompetitive DNA did not appear to impact amplification; however, in a multiplex reaction a competing trichostrongyle such as Cooperia oncophora can hinder amplification of H. contortus DNA, when present at tenfold greater amounts. This study demonstrates the usefulness of QPCR for amplification and quantification of trichostrongyle eggs, and identifies potential limitations, which may be addressed through multiplex assays or the addition of a standard: exogenous DNA target. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hildreth, MB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, NPB Rm 252 Rotunda Ln, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.hildreth@sdstate.edu NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 101 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0428-0 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 162PH UT WOS:000246099600009 PM 17206500 ER PT J AU Zheng, JJ He, XB Walling, D Zhang, XB Flanagan, D Qi, YQ AF Zheng Jin-Jun He Xiu-Bin Walling, D. Zhang Xin-Bao Flanagan, D. Qi Yong-Qing TI Assessing soil erosion rates on manually-tilled hillslopes in the Sichuan Hilly Basin using Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) measurements SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; hoe tillage; Pb-210(ex); purple soil; soil erosion ID TILLAGE EROSION; CULTIVATED LAND; AGRICULTURAL LAND; LOESS PLATEAU; CHINA; TRANSLOCATION; RADIONUCLIDES; CESIUM-137; REDISTRIBUTION; PREDICTION AB Purple soils are widely distributed in the Sichuan Hilly Basin and are highly susceptible to erosion, especially on the cultivated slopes. Quantitative assessment of the erosion rates is, however, difficult due to small size of the plots of the manually-tilled land, the complex land use, and steep hillslopes. Cs-137 and Pb-210, (excess Pb-210) tracing techniques were used to investigate the spatial pattern of soil erosion rates associated with slope-land under hoe tillage in Neijiang of the Sichuan Hilly Basin. The Cs-137 and (210)Pbex inventories at the top of the cultivated slope were extremely low, and the highest inventories were found at the bottom of the cultivated slope. By combining the erosion rates estimates provided by both Cs-137 and (210)Pbex measurements, the weighted mean net soil loss from the study slope was estimated to be 3 100 t km(-2) year(-1), which was significantly less than 6 930 t km(-2) year(-1) reported for runoff plots on a 10 degrees cultivated slope at the Suining Station of Soil Erosion. The spatial pattern of soil erosion rates on the steep agricultural land showed that hoe tillage played an important role in soil redistribution along the slope. Also, traditional farming practices had a significant role in reducing soil loss, leading to a lower net erosion rate for the field. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mtn Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, JJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mtn Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM jinjunzh@gmail.com NR 35 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 19 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60034-4 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 172SR UT WOS:000246824900001 ER PT J AU Copping, LG Duke, SO AF Copping, Leonard G. Duke, Stephen O. TI Natural products that have been used commercially as crop protection agents SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; natural product; mode of action ID CORN GLUTEN HYDROLYSATE; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; BLASTICIDIN-S; PIMARICIN; ANTIBIOTICS; AZADIRACHTIN; KASUGAMYCIN AB Many compounds derived from living organisms have found a use in crop protection. These compounds have formed the basis of chemical synthesis programmes to derive new chemical products; they have been used to identify new biochemical modes of action that can be exploited by industry-led discovery programmes; some have been used as starting materials for semi-synthetic derivatives; and many have been used or continue to be used directly as crop protection agents. This review examines only those compounds derived from living organisms that are currently used as pesticides. Plant growth regulators and semiochemicals have been excluded from the review, as have living organisms that exert their effects by the production of biologically active secondary metabolites. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Copping, LG (reprint author), Saxon Way, Saffron Walden CB11 4EG, Essex, England. EM lcopping@globainet.co.uk NR 129 TC 144 Z9 158 U1 6 U2 76 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 IS 6 BP 524 EP 554 DI 10.1002/ps.1378 PG 31 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 174ZR UT WOS:000246982100002 PM 17487882 ER PT J AU Zhao, N Guan, J Lin, H Chen, F AF Zhao, Nan Guan, Ju Lin, Hong Chen, Feng TI Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase from poplar SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE black cottonwood; poplar; Populus trichocarpa; salicaceae; methyltransferase; SABATH; indole-3-acetic acid; IAMT ID ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE; FLORAL SCENT PRODUCTION; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENZYME; FLOWERS; FAMILY; GENE; DEFENSE AB Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most active endogenous auxin and is involved in various physiological processes in higher plants. Concentrations of IAA in plant tissues are regulated at multiple levels including de novo biosynthesis, conjugation/deconjugation, and degradation. In this paper, we report molecular isolation and biochemical characterization of a gene PtIAMT1 from poplar encoding 1AA methyltransferase (IAMT), which plays a role in regulating IAA homeostasis. PtIAMT1 was identified from the poplar genome based on sequence similarity to Arabidopsis IAMT. A full-length cDNA of PtIAMT1 was cloned from poplar roots via RT-PCR. Recombinant PtIAMT1 expressed in Escherichia coli was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Enzyme assays combined with GC-MS verified that PtIAMT1 catalyzes formation of methyl indole-3-acetate using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor and IAA as a methyl acceptor. PtIAMT1 had a temperature optimum at 25 degrees C and a pH optimum at pH 7.5. Its activity was promoted by K+ but inhibited by Fe2+, CU2+ and Zn2+. Under steady-state conditions, PtIAMT1 exhibited apparent K-m values of 23.1 mu M and 30.4 mu M for IAA and SAM, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that PtIAMT1 had the highest level of expression in stems, a moderate level of expression in young leaves, and a low level of expression in roots. Presence of PtIAMT1 transcripts in several organs suggests that PtIAMT1 is involved in development of multiple organs in poplar. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 252 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg,2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fengc@utk.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1537 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.041 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 182FJ UT WOS:000247490200006 PM 17499822 ER PT J AU Windham, GL Williams, WP AF Windham, G. L. Williams, W. P. TI A comparison of inoculation techniques for inducing aflatoxin contamination and Aspergillus flavus kernel infection on corn hybrids in the field SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; corn; inoculation techniques; kernel infection; maize ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; GERMPLASM LINE; MAIZE HYBRIDS; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; ACCUMULATION; BORER AB Aspergillus flavus inoculation techniques were compared on aflatoxin-resistant and -susceptible corn hybrids for inducing aflatoxin contamination and A. flavus kernel infection. A dry carrier technique was comparable to the standard inoculation techniques (the side-needle and a spray technique) in differentiating between the resistant and the susceptible hybrids in the first year of the study. However, only hybrids inoculated with the side-needle technique had statistically different levels of aflatoxin and A. flavus kernel infection in the second year of the study. In a second study, a modified pinbar technique with inoculations near the tip or base of the ear was compared with the side-needle technique. When developing ears were inoculated near the base with the modified pinbar, adequate levels of aflatoxin were induced both years to distinguish between the resistant and susceptible corn hybrids. The modified pinbar technique has the potential of being a useful tool in evaluating corn germplasm for aflatoxin resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Hosp Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Windham, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Hosp Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM glwindham@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1007/BF02981157 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176XP UT WOS:000247118500005 ER PT J AU Windham, GL Williams, WP AF Windham, G. L. Williams, W. P. TI Effect of ear bagging systems on Aspergillus flavus kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination of corn hybrids grown in the field SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; corn; kernel infection; maize; micro-environment; temperature AB Field studies were conducted for 4 years to determine the effect of various ear bagging systems on Aspergillus flavus kernel infection and aflatoxin production in developing ears of corn hybrids. Each year, corn hybrids were grown on a Myatt loam (low water-holding capacity) and a Leeper silty clay loam (high water-holding capacity). Corn cars were inoculated with A. flavus using the side-needle technique 7 days after midsilk (50% of the plants in the plot had silks emerged). For the first 2 years, inoculated ears were covered with either white or black paper pollination bags at approximately 14 days after inoculation. During the last 2 years, inoculated ears were covered with either a brown paper pollination bag or a clear plastic zip-lock bag. Daily maximum temperatures were increased 2 to 4 degrees C in all of the bagging systems over ambient temperatures. The bagging systems had a limited effect on aflatoxin production and A. flavus kernel infection in the Leeper silty clay loam. In the Myatt loam, ears covered with plastic bags had higher levels of aflatoxin contamination and A. flavus kernel infection compared with ears covered with paper bags. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Windham, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM glwindham@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1007/BF02981161 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176XP UT WOS:000247118500009 ER PT J AU Yan, GP Chen, XM AF Yan, Guiping Chen, Xianming TI Molecular mapping of the rps1.a recessive gene for resistance to stripe rust in BBA 2890 barley SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hordeun vulgare; marker-assisted selection; yellow rust ID ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP HORDEI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WHEAT CULTIVARS; LINKAGE MAP; INHERITANCE; AMERICA AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, is one of the most important diseases of barley in the south-central and western United States. Growing resistant cultivars is the best approach for controlling the disease. The barley genotype BBA 2890 has all-stage resistance against all races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH) identified thus far in the United States. The resistance in BBA 2890 is controlled by a single recessive gene, rps1.a. The objectives of this study were to identify resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers for the all-stage resistance gene rps1.a, to map the gene on a barley chromosome using chromosome-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and to determine the presence or absence of the flanking RGAP markers for the gene in 24 barley genotypes. Seedlings of the parents and 200 F-8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for resistance to pathogen races PSH-14, PSH-48. and PSH-54 in the greenhouse in 2005. Genomic DNA was extracted from the parents and 150 F8 RILs. The RGAP technique was used to identify molecular markers for the rps1.a gene. Twelve primer pairs generating repeatable polymorphic bands were selected for genotyping the 150 F8 RILs. A genetic linkage group was constructed for the resistance gene with 13 RGAP markers and four chromosome-specific SSR markers. The four SSR markers mapped the gene on the long arm of barley chromosome 3H. The closest RGAP marker for the resistant allele was within a genetic distance of 2.1 centimorgans (cM). The closest marker for the susceptible allele was 6.8 cM away from the locus. The two closest RGAP markers for the resistant allele detected polymorphisms in 67 and 71% of the 24 barley genotypes when used individually, and detected polymorphism in 88% of the genotypes when used in combination. This information should be useful in incorporating the resistance gene into barley cultivars and in pyramiding the gene with other resistance genes for superior stripe rust resistance. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-6-0668 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171CB UT WOS:000246711400001 PM 18943597 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Bassanezi, RB Amorim, L Bergamin-Filho, A AF Gottwald, T. R. Bassanezi, R. B. Amorim, L. Bergamin-Filho, A. TI Spatial pattern analysis of citrus canker-infected plantings in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and augmentation of infection elicited by the Asian leafminer SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposed trees ID AXONOPODIS PV.-CITRI; DISEASE INCIDENCE; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; BACTERIAL DISEASES; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; FLORIDA; ERADICATION; ARGENTINA; EPIDEMIC; SPREAD AB Eradication of Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) has become increasingly difficult over the last decade, following the introduction of the Asian leafminer into Brazil and Florida, which has led to changes in the eradication protocols. The present study, undertaken in Brazil, was aimed at characterizing the spatial patterns of ACC in commercial citrus plantings to gain better understanding of the dynamics of the disease subsequent to introduction of the leafminer. The spatial patterns of ACC were mapped in 326 commercial citrus plantings and statistically assessed at various spatial dimensions. The presence of "within-group" aggregation in each plot was examined via beta-binomial analysis for groups of trees parsed into three-by-three-tree quadrats. The relative intensity of aggregation was expressed as a binomial index of dispersion (D) and heterogeneity among plots expressed as the intracluster correlation coefficient, rho. The population of data sets was found to fall into three D categories, D < 1.3, 1.3 <= D = 3.5, and D > 3.5. These categories then were related to other spatial characteristics. The binary form of Taylor's power law was used to assess the overdispersion of disease across plots and was highly significant. When the overall population of plots was parsed into D categories, the Taylor's R-2 improved in all cases. Although these methods assessed aggregation well, they do not give information on the number of foci or aggregations within each plot. Therefore, the number of foci per 1,000 trees was quantified and found to relate directly to the D categories. The lowest D category could be explained by a linear relationship of number of foci versus disease incidence, whereas the higher two categories were most easily explained by a generalized beta function for the same relationship. Spatial autocorrelation then was used to examine the spatial relationships "among groups" composed of three-by-three-tree quadrats and determine common distances between these groups of ACC-infected trees. Aggregation was found in > 84% of cases at this spatial level and there was a direct relationship between increasing D category and increasing core cluster size, and aggregation at the among-group spatial hierarchy was generally stronger for the within-row than for the across-row orientation. Clusters of disease were estimated to average between 18 and 33 tree spaces apart, and the presence of multiple foci of infection was commonplace. The effectiveness of the eradication protocol of removing all "exposed" trees within 30 in surrounding each "ACC-infected tree" was examined, and the distance of subsequent infected trees beyond this 30-m zone from the original focal infected tree was measured for each plot. A frequency distribution was compiled over all plots to describe the distance that would have been needed to circumscribe all of these outliers as a theoretical alternative protocol to the 30-m eradication protocol. The frequency distribution was well described by a monomolecular model (R-2 = 0.98) and used to determine that 90, 95, and 99% of all newly infected trees occurred within 296, 396, and 623 in of prior-infected trees in commercial citrus plantings, respectively. These distances are very similar to previously reported distances determined for ACC in residential settings in Florida. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Fundecitrus, BR-14807040 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Tim.Gottwald@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Amorim, Lilian /C-2782-2012; Bergamin Filho, Armando/C-2775-2012 OI Amorim, Lilian /0000-0001-9793-0850; NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-6-0674 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171CB UT WOS:000246711400002 PM 18943598 ER PT J AU Barnes, CW Szabo, LJ AF Barnes, C. W. Szabo, L. J. TI Detection and identification of four common rust pathogens of cereals and grasses using real-time polymerase chain reaction SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; STEM RUST; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; GRAMINIS; DISEASE; ASSAYS; FUNGI; PLANT AB Puccinia spp. are widespread pathogens of cereals and grasses that annually cause significant yield losses worldwide, especially in barley, oat, and wheat. Urediniospore morphology and early symptom development have limited usefulness for distinguishing Puccinia spp. Therefore, we developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid detection of the four rust pathogen species, Puccinia graminis (Pers.:Pers.), P striiformis (Westend.), P. triticina (Eriks.), and P. recondita (Roberge ex Desmaz.). Duplex assays were constructed for the nuclear rDNA gene, using the variable internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1) region to distinguish between species, and the conserved 28S region as an internal control. Species-specific ITS1 primer/probe sets were highly specific and Could detect < 1 pg of DNA. The species-specific primer/probe sets showed positive results over a linear range of DNA five orders of magnitude or greater. Specificity of the assays was tested using multiple collections representing a range of races and formae speciales within a species. Additionally, assay specificity was evaluated by testing a range of other grass rust pathogens, as well as other fungi. The 28S primer/probe combination was successful in detecting all Puccinia spp. tested within the duplex assays, validating the integrity of each assay. Finally, the assays were used to identify unknown rust fungi infecting pasture grasses. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. RP Barnes, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. EM barn0107@umn.edu NR 40 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-6-0717 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171CB UT WOS:000246711400007 PM 18943603 ER PT J AU Johnson, RM Grisham, MP Richard, EP AF Johnson, Richard M. Grisham, Michael P. Richard, Edward P., Jr. TI Relationship between sugarcane rust severity and soil properties in Louisiana SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fertility levels; spatial variability ID FLORIDA AB The extent of spatial and temporal variability of sugarcane rust (Puccinia melanocephala) infestation was related to variation in soil properties in five commercial fields of sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp., cv. LCP 85-384) in southern Louisiana. Sugarcane fields were grid-soil sampled at several intensities and rust ratings were collected at each point over 6 to 7 weeks. Soil properties exhibited significant variability (coefficients of variation = 9 to 70.1%) and were spatially correlated in 39 of 40 cases with a range of spatial correlation varying from 39 to 201 in. Rust ratings were spatially correlated in 32 of 33 cases, with a range varying from 29 to 241 in. Rust ratings were correlated with several soil properties, most notably soil phosphorus (r = 0.40 to 0.81) and soil sulfur (r = 0.36 to 0.68). Multiple linear regression analysis resulted in coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.22 to 0.73, and discriminant analysis further improved the overall predictive ability of rust models. Finally, contour plots of soil properties and rust levels clearly suggested a link between these two parameters. These combined data suggest that sugarcane growers that apply fertilizer in excess of plant requirements will increase the incidence and severity of rust infestations in their fields. C1 USDA ARS, SO Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Johnson, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM rjohnson@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 748 EP 755 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-6-0748 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171CB UT WOS:000246711400010 PM 18943606 ER PT J AU Mano, Y Omori, F Takamizo, T Kindiger, B Bird, RM Loaisiga, CH Takahashi, H AF Mano, Y. Omori, F. Takamizo, T. Kindiger, B. Bird, R. McK. Loaisiga, C. H. Takahashi, H. TI QTL mapping of root aerenchyma formation in seedlings of a maize x rare teosinte "Zea nicaraguensis" cross SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aerenchyma; flooding; maize; quantitative trait locus; teosinte ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RADIAL OXYGEN LOSS; MAYS L. SEEDLINGS; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; FLOODING TOLERANCE; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; WATERLOGGING TOLERANCE; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE AB Using a 141 F-2 population generated from maize inbred B64 x teosinte Zea nicaraguensis cross, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling aerenchyma formation in roots under non-flooding drained soil conditions were identified. Seedlings of Z. nicaraguensis formed clear aerenchyma in the cortex of adventitious roots in non-flooding conditions, whereas the maize inbred line B64 did not. In the F-2 population, the capacity to develop aerenchyma exhibited wide and continuous variation, suggesting the trait was controlled by multiple genes. A linkage map was developed using 85 SSR markers, covering 1,224 cM across all ten chromosomes. Composite interval mapping analysis revealed that four QTLs for aerenchyma formation under non-flooding conditions were located to two regions of chromosome 1 (identified as Qaer1.02-3 and Qaer1.07), chromosome 5 (Qaer5.09) and chromosome 8 (Qaer8.06-7), and these explained 46.5% of the total phenotypic variance. The multiple interval mapping approach identified additional QTLs on chromosomes 1 (Qaer1.01) and 5 (Qaer5.01). Using these results, it may be possible to use SSR markers linked to aerenchyma formation in a marker assisted selection approach to introduce aerenchyma formation in drained soil conditions into maize for the eventual development of flooding tolerant maize hybrids. C1 Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Dept Forage Crop Breeding, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Nacl Agraria, REGEN FAGRO, Managua, Nicaragua. Akita Prefectural Univ, Fac Bioresource Sci, Akita 0100195, Japan. RP Mano, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Dept Forage Crop Breeding, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. EM mano@affrc.go.jp OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 63 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2007 VL 295 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9266-9 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 179HA UT WOS:000247279100009 ER PT J AU Classen, AT Overby, ST Hart, SC Koch, GW Whitham, TG AF Classen, Aimee T. Overby, Steven T. Hart, Stephen C. Koch, George W. Whitham, Thomas G. TI Season mediates herbivore effects on litter and soil microbial abundance and activity in a semi-arid woodland SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE community-level physiological profiles; enzyme activity; insect herbivory; microarthropods; microbial biomass; semi-arid woodland ID SUSCEPTIBLE PINYON PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY HERITABILITY; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; CONTRASTING SITES; FOREST; PLANT; DECOMPOSITION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB Herbivores can directly impact ecosystem function by altering litter quality of an ecosystem or indirectly by shifting the composition of microbial communities that mediate nutrient processes. We examined the effects of tree susceptibility and resistance to herbivory on litter microarthropod and soil microbial communities to test the general hypothesis that herbivore driven changes in litter inputs and soil microclimate will feedback to the microbial community. Our study population consisted of individual pinon pine trees that were either susceptible or resistant to the stem-boring moth (Dioryctria albovittella) and susceptible pinon pine trees from which the moth herbivores have been manually removed since 1982. Moth herbivory increased pinon litter nitrogen concentrations (16%) and decreased canopy precipitation interception (28%), both potentially significant factors influencing litter and soil microbial communities. Our research resulted in three major findings: (1) In spite of an apparent increase in litter quality, herbivory did not change litter microarthropod abundance or species richness. (2) However, susceptibility to herbivores strongly influenced bulk soil microbial communities (i.e., 52% greater abundance beneath herbivore-resistant and herbivore-removal trees than susceptible trees) and alkaline phosphatase activity (i.e., 412% increase beneath susceptible trees relative to other groups). (3) Season had a strong influence on microbial communities (i.e., microbial biomass and alkaline phosphatase activity increased after the summer rains), and their response to herbivore inputs, in this semi-arid ecosystem. Thus, during the dry season plant resistance and susceptibility to a common insect herbivore had little or no observable effects on the belowground organisms and processes we studied, but after the rains, some pronounced effects emerged. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USFS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Classen, AT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM classenat@ornl.gov RI Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2007 VL 295 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 179HA UT WOS:000247279100018 ER PT J AU Berzonsky, WA Gebhard, BL Gamotin, E Leach, GD Ali, S AF Berzonsky, W. A. Gebhard, B. L. Gamotin, E. Leach, G. D. Ali, S. TI A reciprocal backcross monosomic analysis of the scab resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, 'Frontana' SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; fusarium head blight resistance; reciprocal backcross monosomic analysis; gene pyramiding ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; DEOXYNIVALENOL; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; GENES; GRAMINEARUM; DEFENSE; BARLEY; WINTER; GRAIN AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) reduces grain yield of spring wheat and results in deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The resistant spring wheat 'Frontana' could be used to diversify and pyramid resistance. A backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis was conducted to identify 'Frontana' chromosomes with resistance. Disomic lines, one set containing critical chromosomes from 'Frontana' and the other containing chromosomes from susceptible 'Chris', were spray-inoculated and evaluated in separate greenhouse studies (GH-1 and GH-2). Measurements were disease severity at 7 and 14 days, visually diseased kernels, kernels/g and DON content. In GH-2, reciprocal chromosome lines 5B for visually diseased kernels, lines 7B for kernels/g, and lines 4B and 6A for DON content were significantly different. Lines with 'Frontana' chromosomes 3A, 6A and 4D reduced visually diseased kernels, kernels/g and DON content in both studies, while 'Frontana' chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4B and 7B increased susceptibility, as indicated by an increase in these same measurements in both studies. Genes carried on 'Frontana' chromosomes 3A, 6A and 4D could be useful for diversifying and pyramiding sources of FHB resistance. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Berzonsky, WA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM bill.berzonsky@ndsu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 126 IS 3 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01354.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 166GW UT WOS:000246367400002 ER PT J AU Dunn, BL Carver, BF Baker, CA Porter, DR AF Dunn, B. L. Carver, B. F. Baker, C. A. Porter, D. R. TI Rapid phenotypic assessment of bird cherry-oat aphid resistance in winter wheat SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Rhopalosiphum padi; resistance; germplasm ID BARLEY-YELLOW-DWARF; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; CEREAL APHIDS; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; VIRUS AB Rhopalosiphum padi L. causes significant damage to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), even without obvious aboveground symptoms of injury. Our objectives were to develop a juvenile-plant bioassay for bird cherry-oat aphid (BCOA) resistance that allows rapid phenotypic differentiation. Central features of the bioassay include root and shoot weight measurements of 3-week-old seedlings produced in seed germination pouches, a 14-day aphid exposure period, and a non-infested control treatment to establish a baseline for expected biomass per genotype. Cultivars used in bioassay development were 'Illinois Rustproof' and 'Skala', which showed smaller BCOA-induced reductions in biomass than the more susceptible genotypes, 'Patrick' and 'Scout 66'. Mean reductions in root biomass were 48% for 'Patrick' and 'Scout 66', compared with 29% for 'Illinois Rustproof' and 'Skala'. This rapid and repeatable bioassay is extendable to large wheat collections and inbred line populations. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM brett.carver@okstate.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 126 IS 3 BP 240 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01345.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 166GW UT WOS:000246367400003 ER PT J AU Ha, CM Jun, JH Nam, HG Fletcher, JC AF Ha, Chan Man Jun, Ji Hyung Nam, Hong Gil Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial-abaxial polarity genes SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CLASS IIIHD-ZIP; LEAF MORPHOGENESIS; LEUCINE-ZIPPER; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; HOMEOBOX GENES; FAMILY; THALIANA; ASYMMETRIC-LEAVES1; ANTIRRHINUM; MERISTEM AB We report a novel function for BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 in regulating Arabidopsis thaliana lateral organ cell fate and polarity, through the analysis of loss-of-function mutants and transgenic plants that ectopically express BOP1 or BOP2. 35S: BOP1 and 35S: BOP2 plants exhibit a very short and compact stature, hyponastic leaves, and downward-orienting siliques. We show that the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES ( LOB) domain genes ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) and LOB are upregulated in 35S: BOP and downregulated in bop mutant plants. Ectopic expression of BOP1 or BOP2 also results in repression of class I knox gene expression. We further demonstrate a role for BOP1 and BOP2 in establishing the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis in the leaf petiole, where they regulate PHB and FIL expression and overlap in function with AS1 and AS2. Interestingly, during this study, we found that KANADI1 (KAN1) and KAN2 act to promote adaxial organ identity in addition to their well-known role in promoting abaxial organ identity. Our data indicate that BOP1 and BOP2 act in cells adjacent to the lateral organ boundary to repress genes that confer meristem cell fate and induce genes that promote lateral organ fate and polarity, thereby restricting the developmental potential of the organ-forming cells and facilitating their differentiation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Mol Life Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, I BIO Grad Program, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 77 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1825 DI 10.1105/tpc.107.051938 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 195ZV UT WOS:000248451900008 PM 17601823 ER PT J AU Li, YH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Fare, DC Spiers, JM Copes, WE AF Li, Y. H. Windham, M. T. Trigiano, R. N. Fare, D. C. Spiers, J. M. Copes, W. E. TI Microscopic and macroscopic studies of the development of Puccinia hemerocallidis in resistant and susceptible daylily cultivars SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT LEAF RUST; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; GRAMINIS-TRITICI; YELLOW RUST; STEM RUST; LEAVES; COMPONENTS; INFECTION; PENETRATION; FUNGUS AB Infection and colonization of eight daylily cultivars, which varied in resistance to daylily rust, by Puccinia hemerocallidis was studied macroscopically and microscopically. After germination of urediniospores, appressoria formed at the tip of germ tubes and the fungus penetrated the host through stomatal openings 2 days after inoculation (DAI). Under the infection sites, intercellular hyphae aggregated and formed uredia, which released urediniospores 8 DAI Resistant cultivars, characterized by the development of rapid death of host cells, were separated into three qualitative categories based on absence and presence of necrotic lesions without or with sporulation. In highly resistant cvs. Prairie Blue Eyes and Bertie Ferris, no macroscopic disease symptoms were observed on leaf surfaces although a few collapsed cells were detected microscopically. Both resistant and moderately resistant reactions were characterized by necrotic lesions with many collapsed cells under infection sites. The difference between these two reactions was that uredia and urediniospores were observed in the moderately resistant cv. Chicago Apache, but not in resistant cvs. Buttered Popcorn and Stella De Oro. Susceptible cultivars, characterized by the absence of a hypersensitive response, were separated into two qualitative categories based on restriction of intercellular hyphal growth that delayed development of uredia and formation of urediniospores. Compared to the susceptible cv. Pardon Me, moderately susceptible cvs. Mary Todd and Chorus Line had a delayed latent period and reduced amount of sporulation. The results indicate that hypersensitive cell death is one of the resistance responses to daylily rust. Necrotic lesions on leaf surfaces are associated with the number of collapsed host cells. Delayed latent period and reduced sporulation that resulted from restriction of intercellular hyphal growth could represent another type of resistance response in the daylily-rust pathosystem. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Windham, MT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mwindham@utk.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 664 EP 668 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0664 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900002 ER PT J AU Miles, MR Pastor-Corrales, MA Hartman, GL Frederick, RD AF Miles, M. R. Pastor-Corrales, M. A. Hartman, G. L. Frederick, R. D. TI Differential response of common bean cultivars to Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN RUST; 1ST REPORT; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; HOSTS AB Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) has been reported on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Asia, South Africa, and the United States. However, there is little information on the interaction of individual isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi with common bean germplasm. A set of 16 common bean cultivars with known genes for resistance to Uromyces appendiculatus, the causal agent of common bean rust, three soybean accessions that were sources of the single gene resistance to P pachyrhizi, and the moderately susceptible soybean 'Ina' were evaluated using seedlings inoculated with six isolates of R pachyrhizi. Among the common bean cultivars, Aurora, Compuesto Negro Chimaltenango, and Pinto 114, were the most resistant to all six P. pachyrhizi isolates, with lower severity, less sporulation, and consistent reddish-brown (RB) lesions associated with resistance in soybean. A differential response was observed among the common bean cultivars, with a cultivar-isolate interaction for both severity and sporulation levels, as well as the presence or absence of the RB lesion type. This differential response was independent of the known genes that condition resistance to U. appendiculatus, suggesting that resistance to R pachyrhizi was independent of resistance to U. appendiculatus. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Miles, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mrmiles@express.cites.uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0698 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900007 ER PT J AU Balci, Y Balci, S Eggers, J MacDonald, WL Juzwik, J Long, RP Gottschalk, KW AF Balci, Y. Balci, S. Eggers, J. MacDonald, W. L. Juzwik, J. Long, R. P. Gottschalk, K. W. TI Phytophthora spp. associated with forest soils in eastern and north-central US oak ecosystems SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE oak decline; Phytophthora cinnamomi ID SP-NOV.; QUERCUS-ROBUR; ROOT-ROT; CINNAMOMI; DECLINE; CALIFORNIA; TREES; INVOLVEMENT; FRANCE; STANDS AB A survey of soils associated with oak species was conducted in 2003 and 2004 in Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, and Wisconsin to investigate the occurrence of Phytophthora spp. Soils taken from around the base of healthy and declining oak trees were flooded with H2O and Quercus robur leaflets were used as bait for Phytophthora spp. From 829 soil samples collected near trees, 21% were positive for Phytophthora spp., with 55% of the 125 sites surveyed yielding a Phytophthora sp. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most frequently isolated species, representing 69.4% of the Phytophthora-infested sites surveyed. Other species, in decreasing order of isolation frequency were Phytophthora sp. 2, P. citricola, P. europaea, P. cambivora, P. quercina-like isolates, and Phytoplithora sp. 1. No significant association was found between the presence of Phytophthora organisms and site characteristics such as latitude, elevation, soil pH, or the crown condition of the trees. However, in P. cinnamomi-infested sites, a significant association was found with the deteriorating crown status of Q. alba and the presence of P. cinnamomi. The absence of P cinnamomi above the 40 degrees N latitude range also was noteworthy. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USAF, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Balci, Y (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, 1090 S Agr Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM YiBalci@mail.wvu.edu RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0705 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900008 ER PT J AU Ziems, AD Giesler, LJ Graef, GL Redinbaugh, MG Vacha, JL Berry, S Madden, LV Dorrance, AE AF Ziems, Amy D. Giesler, Loren J. Graef, George L. Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Vacha, Jean L. Berry, SueAnn Madden, Laurence V. Dorrance, Anne E. TI Response of soybean cultivars to Bean pod mottle virus infection SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; MOSAIC-VIRUS; RESISTANCE; LINES; GENE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TRANSMISSION; ILLINOIS; DISEASE AB Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) has become increasingly common in soybean throughout the north-central region of the United States. Yield loss assessments on southern soybean germplasm have reported reductions ranging from 3 to 52%. Currently, no soybean cultivars have been identified with resistance to BPMV. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of BPMV infection on soybean cultivars representing a broad range of northern soybean germplasm by comparing inoculated and noninoculated soybean plants in paired row studies. In all, 30 and 24 cultivars were evaluated in Nebraska (NE) in which soybean plants were inoculated at the V3 to V4 growth stage. Eleven cultivars from public and breeding lines were inoculated at the VC and R5 to R6 growth stages in Ohio (OH). Disease severity, yield, and percent seed coat mottling were assessed at both locations, whereas protein and oil content also were assessed at NE. Yield and percent seed coat mottling was significantly reduced following inoculation at the VC (OH) and V3 to V4 (NE) growth stages. In addition, seed oil and protein composition were impacted in I of the 2 years of the study. This study demonstrates that substantial yield losses can occur in soybean due to BPMV infection. In addition, protein and oil may be affected depending on the environment during the production season. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Giesler, LJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lgiesler1@unl.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0719 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900010 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Scott, JW AF Ling, Kai-Shu Scott, John W. TI Sources of resistance to Pepino mosaic virus in tomato accessions SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Potexvirus ID GENOMIC RNA; SEQUENCE; ISOLATE; PROTEIN; PEPMV; PERU AB Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is an emerging disease on greenhouse tomato. This highly contagious disease is difficult to control. The best disease management strategy is likely through the use of disease resistance. A major tomato germplasm core collection was evaluated for its resistance against PepMV. These accessions included 23 Solanum lycopersicum, 8 S. pimpinellifolium, 33 S. peruvianum, 18 S. chilense, and 27 S. habrochaites. The results showed that all plants in the accessions corresponding to S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium were susceptible to PepMV-US infection. On the other hand, two accessions of S. peruvianum (LA107 and LA1305) and S. chilense (LA1971 and LA2748) appeared to have some levels of moderate resistance. However, the most promising resistance segregated in three S. habrochaites accessions (LA1731, LA2156, and LA2167). Resistant plants from these three S. habrochaites accessions were saved for selection. A secondary screening was carried out with progenies generated from the selected plants. These tests showed the segregation of broad-spectrum resistance from the selected S. habrochaites plants against PepMV, especially in LA1731. The segregated LA1731 plants were resistant to not only the U.S. type isolate but also the European type isolate. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0749 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900014 ER PT J AU Fetch, TG Jin, Y AF Fetch, T. G., Jr. Jin, Y. TI Letter code system of nomenclature for Puccinia graminis f. sp avenae SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN SYSTEM; STEM RUST RESISTANCE; SP TRITICI; OAT; INHERITANCE; VARIETIES; CANADA; RACES AB Current systems that describe the virulence phenotype in Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae lack a systematic approach for the naming of races or to provide easily made comparisons of virulence among races. A new nomenclature system that simply and systematically characterizes virulence in P. graminis f. sp. avenae is described. The new system has the distinct advantage of providing easily seen relationships among races in contrast to previous nomenclature systems. This allows for easier interpretation of virulence relationships in the oat stem rust population and provides a large amount of virulence information with a minimum of written characters. This system uses single-gene differential lines with the resistance genes Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, Pg6, Pg8, Pg9, Pg10, Pg.12, Pg13, Pg15, and Pg16, grouped into three subsets of four lines in sequential Pg gene order. By grouping in sequential gene number order, the relationship of the new system to the "standard" system is easily seen. Each race is designated by a three-letter code, based on the seedling reaction (low or high) on 12 differential lines. The letter code nomenclature system is open ended and can be updated easily as new differential genes are identified. This system simply and precisely describes the virulence phenotypes of isolates of P. graminis f. sp. avenae, and allows for easily made comparisons of virulence of isolates collected over time and across geographical locations worldwide. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fetch, TG (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. EM tfetch@agr.gc.ca NR 21 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0763 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900017 ER PT J AU Vaira, AM Kleynhans, R Hammond, J AF Vaira, A. M. Kleynhans, R. Hammond, J. TI First report of freesia sneak virus infecting Lachenalia cultivars in South Africa. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 CNR, Ist Virol Vegetae, I-10135 Turin, Italy. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Bursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARC Roodeplaat, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Vaira, AM (reprint author), CNR, Ist Virol Vegetae, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 770 EP 770 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0770A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900027 ER PT J AU Natarajan, SS Xu, CP Bae, HH Caperna, TJ Garrett, W AF Natarajan, Savithiry S. Xu, Chenping Bae, Hanhong Caperna, Thomas J. Garrett, Wesley TI Determination of optimal protein quantity required to identify abundant and less abundant soybean seed proteins by 2D-PAGE and MS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE proteomics; soybean seeds; Glycine max; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS/MS; 2D-PAGE; glycinin; beta-conglycinin ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; SOLUBILIZATION; SEQUENCES; DATABASES; SUBUNITS; ALLERGEN; WILD AB Optimizing the amounts of proteins required to separate and characterize both abundant and less abundant proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is critical for conducting proteomic research. In this study, we tested five different levels of soybean seed proteins (75, 100, 125, 150, and 200 mu g) by 2D-PAGE. Following 2D-PAGE and spot excision, proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The number of visible protein spots was increased with an increase in the amount of protein loaded. The intensity of highly abundant proteins [P-conglycinin P-homotrimer and glycinin G4 (A5A4B3) precursors] increased linearly between 75 and 125 mu g, whereas the proglycinin G3 (A1ab1b) homotrimer showed linearity between 75 and 150 mu g. The spot intensity of less abundant proteins, glycinin G2 (A2b1a) precursor and proglycinin G3 (A1ab1b) homotrimer, increased linearly with an increase in the amount of protein through 200 mu g, whereas spot intensity of P-conglycinin P-homotrimer and the allergen Gly m bd 28K increased linearly until 150 mu g and did not increase further at 200 mu g. These results suggest that 150 mu g protein was a suitable amount for the separation of abundant proteins, and 200 mu g protein was suitable for the separation of less abundant proteins prepared from soybean seeds. C1 [Natarajan, Savithiry S.] USDA ARS, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xu, Chenping; Bae, Hanhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bae, Hanhong] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Caperna, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, Wesley] USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM savi.natarajan@ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11105-007-0007-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 240IT UT WOS:000251582000007 ER PT J AU Porter, LD Miller, JS Nolte, P Price, WJ AF Porter, L. D. Miller, J. S. Nolte, P. Price, W. J. TI In vitro somatic growth and reproduction of phenylamide-resistant and -sensitive isolates of Phytophthora erythroseptica from infected potato tubers in Idaho SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungicide resistance; mefenoxam; metalaxyl-M; oospore and zoospore production; potato pink rot ID PINK ROT; METALAXYL INSENSITIVITY; TETRAZOLIUM BROMIDE; INFESTANS; OOSPORES; POPULATIONS; GERMINATION; PYTHIUM; VIABILITY; STRAINS AB Pink rot of potato, most commonly caused by Phytophthora erythroseptica, is a major field and post-harvest problem in southern Idaho, USA, particularly since 1998 when isolates resistant to the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam) were detected. Isolates of P. erythroseptica were collected from infected tubers in 2001 and 2002 from six Idaho counties and tested for resistance to metalaxyl-M on amended agar. Metalaxyl-M resistant (MR) and metalaxyl-M-sensitive (MS) isolates were identified in six counties; 160 isolates were highly resistant, seven moderately resistant and 57 sensitive to metalaxyl-M with mean EC50 values of 182, 23 and 0.5 mg L-1 ai metalaxyl-M, respectively. Mycelial growth rates and oospore production in agar were assessed for 20 MS and 20 MR isolates at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C. Growth rates of MR isolates were between 2.5 and 3.1 times greater (P < 0.05) than those of MS isolates at 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C, and oospore production was between 6.8 and 20.5 times greater (P < 0.0001) for MR than for MS isolates at the same temperatures. Colony growth in V8 broth at 18 degrees C was greater for MR than MS isolates (P < 0.0032). However, zoospore production at 18 degrees C was greater for MS than for MR isolates (P < 0.0109), and zoospore production mm(-1) of colony circumference was also greater for MS than for MR isolates, 14 191 and 9959, respectively (P = 0.0109). Sexual reproduction of MR isolates in nature may be greater than MS isolates, but MS isolates may be more asexually fit based on the fitness parameters studied. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Univ Idaho, Stat Programs, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Porter, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM lporter@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01562.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 167FD UT WOS:000246435800014 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Graham, MA AF Samac, Deborah A. Graham, Michelle A. TI Recent advances in legume-microbe interactions: Recognition, Defense response, and symbiosis from a genomic perspective SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; SPLIT-ROOT SYSTEMS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GENE FAMILY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; KINASE GENE; NOD FACTORS; NODULATION C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu NR 46 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 144 IS 2 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1104/pp.107.096503 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176HH UT WOS:000247075000006 PM 17556521 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, M Liu, JQ Allan, DL Vance, CP AF Tesfaye, Mesfin Liu, Junqi Allan, Deborah L. Vance, Carroll P. TI Genomic and genetic control of phosphate stress in legumes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS; ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ROOT-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; LUPINUS-ALBUS L.; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; WHITE LUPIN; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; PROTEOID ROOTS; ENHANCED EXPRESSION; PLANT-RESPONSES C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@umn.edu NR 88 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 144 IS 2 BP 594 EP 603 DI 10.1104/pp.107.097386 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176HH UT WOS:000247075000008 PM 17556523 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Wu, XL Findley, S Wan, JR Libault, M Nguyen, HT Cannon, SB Stacey, G AF Zhang, Xue-Cheng Wu, Xiaolei Findley, Seth Wan, Jinrong Libault, Marc Nguyen, Henry T. Cannon, Steven B. Stacey, Gary TI Molecular evolution of lysin motif-type receptor-like kinases in plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENES; DOMAIN; PROTEIN; GENOME; FAMILY; NFP AB The lysin motif (LysM) domain is an ancient and ubiquitous protein module that binds peptidoglycan and structurally related molecules. A genomic survey in a large number of species spanning all kingdoms reveals that the combination of LysM and receptor kinase domains is present exclusively in plants. However, the particular biological functions and molecular evolution of this gene family remain largely unknown. We show that LysM domains in plant LysM proteins are highly diversified and that a minimum of six distinct types of LysM motifs exist in plant LysM kinase proteins and five additional types of LysM motifs exist in nonkinase plant LysM proteins. Further, motif similarities suggest that plant LysM motifs are ancient. Although phylogenetic signals are not sufficient to resolve the earliest relationships, plant LysM motifs may have arisen through common ancestry with LysM motifs in other kingdoms. Within plants, the gene family has evolved through local and segmental duplications. The family has undergone further duplication and diversification in legumes, where some LysM kinase genes function as receptors for bacterial nodulation factor. Two pairs of homeologous regions were identified in soybean ( Glycine max) based on microsynteny and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression data show that most plant LysM kinase genes are expressed predominantly in the root and that orthologous LysM kinase genes share similar tissue expression patterns. We also examined synteny around plant LysM kinase genes to help reconstruct scenarios for the evolution of this important gene family. C1 Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Div Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM zhangxuec@missouri.edu NR 31 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 144 IS 2 BP 623 EP 636 DI 10.1104/pp.107.097097 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176HH UT WOS:000247075000011 PM 17449649 ER PT J AU Hernandez, G Ramirez, M Valdes-Lopez, O Tesfaye, M Graham, MA Czechowski, T Schlereth, A Wandrey, M Erban, A Cheung, F Wu, HC Lara, M Town, CD Kopka, J Udvardi, MK Vance, CP AF Hernandez, Georgina Ramirez, Mario Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo Tesfaye, Mesfin Graham, Michelle A. Czechowski, Tomasz Schlereth, Armin Wandrey, Maren Erban, Alexander Cheung, Foo Wu, Hank C. Lara, Miguel Town, Christopher D. Kopka, Joachim Udvardi, Michael K. Vance, Carroll P. TI Phosphorus stress in common bean: Root transcript and metabolic responses SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION; PHOSPHATE-STARVATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; PROTEOID ROOTS; WHITE LUPIN AB Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth. Crop production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the most important legume for human consumption, is often limited by low P in the soil. Functional genomics were used to investigate global gene expression and metabolic responses of bean plants grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. P-deficient plants showed enhanced root to shoot ratio accompanied by reduced leaf area and net photosynthesis rates. Transcript profiling was performed through hybridization of nylon filter arrays spotted with cDNAs of 2,212 unigenes from a P deficiency root cDNA library. A total of 126 genes, representing different functional categories, showed significant differential expression in response to P: 62% of these were induced in P-deficient roots. A set of 372 bean transcription factor (TF) genes, coding for proteins with Inter-Pro domains characteristic or diagnostic for TF, were identified from The Institute of Genomic Research/ Dana Farber Cancer Institute Common Bean Gene Index. Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, 17 TF genes were differentially expressed in P-deficient roots; four TF genes, including MYB TFs, were induced. Nonbiased metabolite profiling was used to assess the degree to which changes in gene expression in P-deficient roots affect overall metabolism. Stress-related metabolites such as polyols accumulated in P-deficient roots as well as sugars, which are known to be essential for P stress gene induction. Candidate genes have been identified that may contribute to root adaptation to P deficiency and be useful for improvement of common bean. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Sci Genom, Cuernavaca 66210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Sci Genom, Cuernavaca 66210, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@ccg.unam.mx OI Kopka, Joachim/0000-0001-9675-4883 NR 75 TC 134 Z9 155 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 144 IS 2 BP 752 EP 767 DI 10.1104/pp.107.096958 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176HH UT WOS:000247075000022 PM 17449651 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA LeClere, S Carroll, MJ Alborn, HT Teal, PEA AF Schmelz, Eric A. LeClere, Sherry Carroll, Mark J. Alborn, Hans T. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Cowpea chloroplastic ATP synthase is the source of multiple plant defense elicitors during insect herbivory SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; INDUCED VOLATILE EMISSION; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LIMA-BEAN LEAVES; JASMONIC ACID; RESISTANCE GENE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GAMMA-SUBUNIT; ZEA-MAYS; LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM AB In cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata), fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory and oral secretions ( OS) elicit phytohormone production and volatile emission due to inceptin [Vu-In; (+)ICDINGVCVDA(-)], a peptide derived from chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit (cATPC) proteins. Elicitor-induced plant volatiles can function as attractants for natural enemies of insect herbivores. We hypothesized that inceptins are gut proteolysis products and that larval OS should contain a mixture of related peptides. In this study, we identified three additional cATPC fragments, namely Vu-(GE+) In [(+)GEICDINGVCVDA(-)], Vu-(E+) In [(+)EICDINGVCVDA(-)], and Vu-In-A [(+)ICDINGVCVD(-)]. Leaf bioassays for induced ethylene (E) production demonstrated similar effective concentration(50) values of 68, 45, and 87 fmol leaf(-1) for Vu-In, Vu-(E+) In, and Vu-(GE+) In, respectively; however, Vu-In-A proved inactive. Shortly following ingestion of recombinant proteins harboring cATPC sequences, larval OS revealed similar concentrations of the three elicitors with 80% of the potential inceptin-related peptides recovered. Rapidly shifting peptide ratios over time were consistent with continued proteolysis and preferential stability of inceptin. Likewise, larvae ingesting host plants with inceptin precursors containing an internal trypsin cleavage site rapidly lost OS-based elicitor activity. OS containing inceptin elicited a rapid and sequential induction of defense-related phytohormones jasmonic acid, E, and salicylic acid at 30, 120, and 240 min, respectively, and also the volatile (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Similar to established peptide signals such as systemin and flg22, amino acid substitutions of Vu-In demonstrate an essential role for aspartic acid residues and an unaltered C terminus. In cowpea, insect gut proteolysis following herbivory generates inappropriate fragments of an essential metabolic enzyme enabling plant non-self-recognition. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 79 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 144 IS 2 BP 793 EP 805 DI 10.1104/pp.107.097154 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176HH UT WOS:000247075000025 PM 17369425 ER PT J AU McSteen, P Malcomber, S Skirpan, A Lunde, C Wu, XT Kellogg, E Hake, S AF McSteen, Paula Malcomber, Simon Skirpan, Andrea Lunde, China Wu, Xianting Kellogg, Elizabeth Hake, Sarah TI barren inflorescence2 encodes a co-ortholog of the PINOID serine/threonine kinase and is required for organogenesis during inflorescence and vegetative development in maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; AXILLARY MERISTEM DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS GENE MONOPTEROS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; FRIZZY-PANICLE; FLORAL ORGANS; RICE; PROTEIN AB Organogenesis in plants is controlled by meristems. Axillary meristems, which give rise to branches and flowers, play a critical role in plant architecture and reproduction. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) have additional types of axillary meristems in the inflorescence compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and thus provide an excellent model system to study axillary meristem initiation. Previously, we characterized the barren inflorescence2 (bif2) mutant in maize and showed that bif2 plays a key role in axillary meristem and lateral primordia initiation in the inflorescence. In this article, we cloned bif2 by transposon tagging. Isolation of bif2-like genes from seven other grasses, along with phylogenetic analysis, showed that bif2 is a co-ortholog of PINOID (PID), which regulates auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis showed that bif2 is expressed in all axillary meristems and lateral primordia during inflorescence and vegetative development in maize and rice. Further phenotypic analysis of bif2 mutants in maize illustrates additional roles of bif2 during vegetative development. We propose that bif2/PID sequence and expression are conserved between grasses and Arabidopsis, attesting to the important role they play in development. We provide further support that bif2, and by analogy PID, is required for initiation of both axillary meristems and lateral primordia. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP McSteen, P (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pcm11@psu.edu RI Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013 OI Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447 NR 73 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 144 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1011 DI 10.1104/pp.107.098558 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176HH UT WOS:000247075000042 PM 17449648 ER PT J AU Natarajan, S Xu, CP Bae, HH Bailey, BA Cregan, P Caperna, TJ Garrett, WM Luthria, D AF Natarajan, Savithiry Xu, Chenping Bae, Hanhong Bailey, Bryan A. Cregan, Perry Caperna, Thomas J. Garrett, Wesley M. Luthria, Devanand TI Proteomic and genetic analysis of glycinin subunits of sixteen soybean genotypes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean; G. soja; G. max; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS/MS; glycinin ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; BETA-CONGLYCININ; SEED PROTEINS; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM; PEPTIDE AB We investigated proteomic and genomic profiles of glycinin, a family of major storage proteins in 16 different soybean genotypes consisting of four groups including wild soybean (Glycine soja), unimproved cultivated soybean landraces from Asia (G. max), ancestors of N. American soybean (G. max), and modern soybean (G. max) genotypes. We observed considerable variation in all five glycinin subunits, Gl, G2 G3, G4 and G5 using proteomics and genetic analysis. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed that the wild genotypes had a range of 25-29 giycinin protein spots that included both acidic and basic polypeptides followed by the ancestors with 24-28, modern cultivars with 24-25, and landraces with 17-23 protein spots. Overall, the wild genotypes have a higher number of protein spots when compared to the other three genotypes. Major variation was observed in acidic polypeptides of G3, G4 and G5 compared to G I and G2, and minor variation was observed in basic polypeptides of all subunits. Our data indicated that there are major variations of glycinin subunits between wild and cultivated genotypes rather than within the same groups. Based on Southern blot DNA analysis, we observed genetic polymorphisms in group I genes (Gl, G2, and G3) between and within the four genotype groups, but not in group 11 genes (G4 and G5). This is the first study reporting the comparative analysis of glycinin in a diverse set of soybean genotypes using combined proteomic and genetic analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, 10300,Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6-7 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.031 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 187MW UT WOS:000247852900006 PM 17524657 ER PT J AU Horiuchi, J Badri, DV Kimball, BA Negre, F Dudareva, N Paschke, MW Vivanco, JM AF Horiuchi, Jun-ichiro Badri, Dayakar V. Kimball, Bruce A. Negre, Florence Dudareva, Natalia Paschke, Mark W. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI The floral volatile, methyl benzoate, from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) triggers phytotoxic effects in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE snapdragon; floral volatiles; allelopathy; root growth; methyl benzoate ID LIMA-BEAN LEAVES; PLANT VOLATILES; SEED-GERMINATION; ROOT-GROWTH; EMISSION; FLOWERS; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; ACID AB Previously it has been shown that the floral scent of snapdragon flowers consists of a relatively simple mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds are thought to be involved in the attraction of pollinators; however, little is known about their effect on other organisms, such as neighboring plants. Here, we report that VOCs from snapdragon flowers inhibit Arabidopsis root growth. Out of the three major snapdragon floral volatiles, myrcene, (E)-beta-ocimene, and methyl benzoate (MB), MB was found to be primarily responsible for the inhibition of root growth. Ten micromoles MB reduced root length by 72.6%. We employed a microarray approach to identify the MB target genes in Arabidopsis that were responsible for the root growth inhibition phenotype in response to MB. These analyses showed that MB treatment affected 1.33% of global gene expression, including cytokinin, auxin and other plant-hormone-related genes, and genes related to seed germination processes in Arabidopsis. Accordingly, the root growth of cytokinin (cre1) and auxin (axr1) response mutants was less affected than that of the wild type by the volatile compound: roots of the treated mutants were reduced by 45.1 and 56.2%, respectively, relative to untreated control mutants. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, USDA WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, 217 Shepardson Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM j.vivanco@colostate.edu RI Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013; OI Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905; Zakharov, Florence/0000-0003-3327-6145 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 2007 VL 226 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0464-0 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169BC UT WOS:000246566700001 PM 17216481 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R Moore, PH AF Zhu, Yun J. Agbayani, Ricelle Moore, Paul H. TI Ectopic expression of Dahlia merckii defensin DmAMP1 improves papaya resistance to Phytophthora palmivora by reducing pathogen vigor SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE carica papaya; genetic transformation; root rot; plant microbe interaction ID PLANT DEFENSINS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; HOST-DEFENSE; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEINS; POTATO; COMPONENTS; SYNTHASE; SYSTEM AB Phytophthora spp., some of the more important casual agents of plant diseases, are responsible for heavy economic losses worldwide. Plant defensins have been introduced as transgenes into a range of species to increase host resistance to pathogens to which they were originally susceptible. However, the effectiveness and mechanism of interaction of the defensins with Phytophthora spp. have not been clearly characterized in planta. In this study, we expressed the Dahlia merckii defensin, DmAMP1, in papaya (Carica papaya L.), a plant highly susceptible to a root, stem, and fruit rot disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Extracts of total leaf proteins from transformed plants inhibited growth of Phytophthora in vitro and discs cut from the leaves of transformed plants inhibited growth of Phytophthora in a bioassay. Results from our greenhouse inoculation experiments demonstrate that expressing the DmAMP1 gene in papaya plants increased resistance against P. palmivora and that this increased resistance was associated with reduced hyphae growth of P. palmivora at the infection sites. The inhibitory effects of DmAMP1 expression in papaya suggest this approach has good potential to impart transgenic resistance against Phytophthora in papaya. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Heights Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM jzhu@harc-hspa.com; ricelle@hawaii.edu; pmoore@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 2007 VL 226 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0471-1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169BC UT WOS:000246566700008 PM 17216480 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Ladely, SR Meinersmann, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Berrang, M. E. Ladely, S. R. Meinersmann, R. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Subtherapeutic tylosin phosphate in broiler feed affects Campylobacter on carcasses during processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; antimicrobial; Campylobacter; tylosin; resistance ID ANTIBIOTIC USE; FOOD ANIMALS; HUMAN HEALTH; RESISTANCE; CONSEQUENCES; SALMONELLA; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; JEJUNI; RISK AB yTylosin phosphate is an antimicrobial drug approved for use in broiler feed at subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion. Erythromycin is often the drug of choice for treating humans with campylobacteriosis. Both tylosin and erythromycin are classified as macrolide drugs and cross-resistance between these antimicrobials occurs. Commercial broiler chicks were placed in isolation grow-out chambers and colonized with Campylobacter jejuni. From 14 d of age through grow-out, broilers were fed ad libitim a diet that included 22 ppm of tylosin phosphate (20g/ton). Control broilers received the same diet without tylosin phosphate. At 42 d of age, broilers were processed in a pilot plant with equipment that closely modeled commercial conditions. Carcass rinses were collected after feather removal, after inside and outside washing, and after immersion chilling. Campylobacter numbers recovered from carcasses after feather removal did not differ according to feed type (3.53 log cfu/mL of rinse for control carcasses, and 3.60 log cfu/mL of rinse for those fed medicated feed). Likewise, medicated feed did not affect Campylobacter numbers on carcasses after inside-outside washing (3.11 and 3.07 log cfu/mL of rinse). However, carcasses of broilers fed tylosin phosphate had lower numbers of Campylobacter after chilling (1.45 log cfu/mL of rinse) than control carcasses (2.31 log cfu/mL of rinse). No Campylobacter isolated from control carcasses were resistant to erythromycin; all Campylobacter recovered from carcasses fed tylosin phosphate were resistant to erythromycin. Application of tylosin phosphate in feed results in lower numbers of Campylobacter on chilled carcasses; however, the Campylobacter that do remain are resistant to erythromycin. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1229 EP 1233 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168QE UT WOS:000246538300026 PM 17495097 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Northcutt, JK Cason, JA Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD AF Smith, D. P. Northcutt, J. K. Cason, J. A. Hinton, A., Jr. Buhr, R. J. Ingram, K. D. TI Effect of external or internal fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria on prechilled broiler carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fecal contamination; inside-outside bird washer; coliform; Escherichia coli; Campylobacter ID MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CHICKEN CARCASSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIRD WASHERS; EVISCERATION; CROP AB During processing, fecal material may contact broiler carcasses externally or internally. A study was conducted to determine the effect of external vs. internal fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria on broiler carcasses. In each of 3 trials, 12 carcasses just prior to evisceration were obtained from a commercial processing plant, placed on a shackle line, and eviscerated with commercial equipment in a pilot scale processing plant. Also, approximately 20 intestinal tracts were collected from the processing plant; then cecal contents were collected and pooled. One gram of cecal content was placed on the exterior breast skin (external), inside the carcass cavity (internal), or not applied (control). All carcasses were held 10 min, then placed on the shackle line and passed through a commercial inside- outside bird washer set at 552 kPa, 5 s dwell time, using approximately 189 L per min of tap water at ambient temperature. After a 1- min drip, whole carcass rinses were conducted on each carcass, and coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter counts were determined and reported as log cfu/mL of rinse. External carcass contamination resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) coliform, E. coli, and Campylobacter numbers than internal contamination (5.0 vs. 4.5, 4.9 vs. 4.2, and 3.6 vs. 2.6, respectively). Control carcass counts were significantly lower than external or internal carcass contamination counts for coliforms (3.7), E. coli (3.6), and Campylobacter (2.2). External contamination resulted in higher numbers of bacteria after carcass washing, but carcasses with internal contamination still have higher numbers of bacteria after washing than carcasses without applied contamination. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM douglas.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1244 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168QE UT WOS:000246538300028 PM 17495099 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Deeb, N Evock-Clover, CM Mitchell, AD Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Zhou, H. Deeb, N. Evock-Clover, C. M. Mitchell, A. D. Ashwell, C. M. Lamont, S. J. TI Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. III. Skeletal integrity (vol 86, pg 255, 2007) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1283 EP 1283 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 168QE UT WOS:000246538300035 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Carrihill-Knoll, KL Carey, AN Cheng, V AF Rabin, B. M. Shukitt-Hale, B. Joseph, J. A. Carrihill-Knoll, K. L. Carey, A. N. Cheng, V. TI Relative effectiveness of different particles and energies in disrupting behavioral performance SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Space Radiation Research/17th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Meeting CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID SPACE EXPLORATION; FE-56 PARTICLES; HEAVY-PARTICLES; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; RATS; TOXICITY; PROTONS; RAYS; RISK AB On exploratory class missions to other planets, astronauts will be exposed to varieties and doses of heavy particles, which are not experienced in low earth orbit. These particles can affect neurobehavioral function and potentially interfere with the ability of astronauts to successfully meet mission requirements. While a significant amount of research has been performed on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different types of heavy particles on cytogenetic function, little research has been done on the effectiveness of different particles on central nervous system function and on cognitive/behavioral performance. The present paper reviews some recent research on the effects of exposure to different types and energies of heavy particles on the performance of two behavioral tasks which depend upon the integrity of the central dopaminergic system. This review indicates that the RBE of different particles for neurobehavioral dysfunction cannot be predicted only on the basis of the linear energy transfer of the specific particle. C1 UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s00411-006-0071-2 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166EF UT WOS:000246360000015 PM 17058092 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, R Donovan, GA AF Melendez, P. Goff, J. P. Risco, C. A. Archbald, L. F. Littell, R. Donovan, G. A. TI Pre-partum monensin supplementation improves body reserves at calving and milk yield in Holstein cows dried-off with low body condition score SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE monensin; body condition score; blood metabolites; fertility ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE CAPSULE; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS; CATTLE; HEIFERS; GROWTH; ENERGY; SOMATOTROPIN; METABOLITES AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a monensin controlled-release capsule administered intraruminally at drying-off on body condition score (BCS) at calving, milk yield, fertility and concentration of energy-related blood metabolites in Holstein cows dried-off with low BCS (<= 3.0, scale 1 to 5 with a 0.25 point of increment). Between July and August, 2001, 220 cows from parity 2 or more and dried-off 50-70 days before expected parturition, with a BCS <= 3.0 were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n=110; oral capsule of monensin releasing 335 mg/day for 95 days) or a control group (no capsule, n=110). At assignment, on day 21 before expected parturition, at calving, and at 7, 14, and 21 days in milk a blood sample was obtained from a random sub sample of 10 cows per group. Effects of monensin on serum NEFA, BHBA and glucose were measured. Milk yield, milk fat and protein content (%) at DHIA test days during the entire lactation, 305 ME milk production and reproductive responses were compared. Monensin significantly improved BCS at calving, increased milk yield at test days 4 and 8, decreased the percentage of milk protein, did not change the percentage of milk fat, and decreased NEFA and BHBA during the post-partum period. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Donovan, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, POB 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM donovana@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.09.009 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 167KA UT WOS:000246449400010 PM 17113116 ER PT J AU Giardina, CP Litton, CM Thaxton, JM Cordell, S Hadway, LJ Sandquist, DR AF Giardina, Christian P. Litton, Creighton M. Thaxton, Jarrod M. Cordell, Susan Hadway, Lisa J. Sandquist, Darren R. TI Science driven restoration: A candle in a demon haunted world - Response to Cabin (2007) SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological restoration; ecosystem function; forest restoration; Hawaii; landscape restoration; restoration practice; restoration science; tropical dry forest ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; HAWAII; MAMANE; GRASS; REGENERATION; VEGETATION; FROST; BARK AB (Cabin (2007) asks whether formal science is an effective framework and methodology for designing and implementing ecological restoration programs. He argues that beyond certain ancillary benefits, restoration science has little of practical value to offer the practice of restoration. He goes on to suggest that restoration science most often represents an impediment to restoration practice because an "ivory tower" mentality limits the utility of experiments and diverts research dollars away from answering practical questions. His conclusion is that a nonscientific gardening approach may be more effective at restoring degraded ecosystems. We disagree with this perspective because: (1) restoration science has moved beyond exclusively using "square grids" placed on small patches of land to examine treatment effects on species representation; (2) Cabin's critique greatly undervalues the contribution of science to restoration practice even where the input of restoration scientists is not directly evident; and (3) the practice of restoration is unlikely to advance beyond small-scale and truly haphazard successes without well-designed studies that can provide peer-reviewed and widely accessible published information on the mechanisms underlying both successes and failures. We conclude that through integration with other disciplines, restoration science increasingly will provide novel approaches and tools needed to restore ecosystem composition, structure, and function at stand to landscape scales. As with the broader role of science in the human enterprise (Sagan 1996), the contribution of restoration science to restoration practice can only grow as the discipline matures. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, USGS Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. State Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Giardina, CP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cgiardina@fs.fed.us RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00227.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169XL UT WOS:000246625300001 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA Leonard, LP AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. Leonard, Lathrop P. TI Post-planting treatments increase growth of oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. Ex hook.) seedlings SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quercuo garryana; oak savanna restoration; tree shelter; mulch; irrigation; fertilization; planting date ID TREE SHELTERS; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; TREESHELTERS; PERFORMANCE; WASHINGTON; EMERGENCE; DROUGHT; FORESTS; WATER AB The extent of Oregon white oak woodland and savanna ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific Northwest has diminished significantly during the past century due to land use changes and fire suppression. Planting Oregon white oak seedlings is often necessary when restoring these plant communities. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of post-planting treatments for establishing Oregon white oak seedlings on sites characterized by low growing season precipitation and coarse-textured soils. We evaluated the effects of control of competing vegetation, tree shelters, fertilization, irrigation, and planting date on growth of planted seedlings. Survival was generally high (90%), but growth rate varied substantially among treatments. Plastic mulch increased soil water content and increased annual seedling height growth by an average of 56% relative to one-time manual removal of competing vegetation. Solid-walled tree shelters reduced browse damage and increased mean annual height growth compared to mesh shelters and no shelter by averages of 7.5 and 10.9 cm, respectively. Controlled-release fertilizer applied at planting did not consistently increase seedling growth. Weekly irrigation (3.8 L/seedling) increased first-year seedling growth only where mulch also was applied. Seedlings planted by late February had greater root growth by summer than those planted in early April. Soil water management was necessary for best seedling growth, and the improved height growth in solid-walled tree shelters allowed the terminal shoot to grow more quickly above the height of animal browse. Our results indicate effective methods for establishing Oregon white oak seedlings, but these results may also be applicable to establishment of other tree species on similarly droughty sites. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Redwood Natl & State Pk, Crescent, CA 95531 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00205.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169XL UT WOS:000246625300006 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Baumstark, T AF Owens, Robert A. Baumstark, Tilman TI Structural differences within the loop E motif imply alternative mechanisms of viroid processing SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Citrus viroid III; cleavage/ligation; loop E; viroid replication; RNA motifs; viroids ID 5S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CENTRAL CONSERVED REGION; HAIRPIN RIBOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; IN-VIVO; REPLICATION AB Viroids replicate via a rolling circle mechanism, and cleavage/ligation requires extensive rearrangement of the highly base-paired native structure. For Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), the switch from cleavage to ligation is driven by the change from a multibranched tetraloop structure to a loop E conformation. Here we present evidence that processing of Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), a member of a related group of viroids that also replicate in the nucleus, may proceed via a distinct pathway. Chemical probing of PSTVd and CVd-III miniRNAs with DMS and CMCT revealed that the loop E motifs of these two viroids have quite different tertiary structures. As shown by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, the presence of two likely Watson - Crick GC pairs results in a significant overall stabilization of the CVd-III loop E-like motif. Unlike PSTVd, the upper strand of the CVd-III loop E-like motif cannot fold into a GNRA tetraloop, and comparison of suboptimal structures indicates that the initial cleavage event could occur on the 59 side of the only GU wobble pair in a helix involving a nearby pair of inverted repeats. According to our model, rearrangement of 39 sequences into a hairpin stem containing an identical arrangement of GC, GU, and CG base pairs and a second cleavage event is followed by formation of loop E, which serves to align the 59 and 39 termini of the CVd-III monomer prior to ligation. Because ligation would occur within loop E itself, stabilization of this motif may be needed to hold the 59 and 39 termini of CVd-III in position for the host ligase. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 118,Bldg 004, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.a.owens@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 824 EP 834 DI 10.1261/rna.452307 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 170IP UT WOS:000246657000004 PM 17438124 ER PT J AU Ming, R Yu, QY Moore, PH AF Ming, Ray Yu, Qingyi Moore, Paul H. TI Sex determination in papaya SO SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Carica papaya; sex determination; sex chromosomes; sex reversal; Y chromosome degeneration ID CARICA-PAPAYA; EVOLUTION; CHROMOSOMES; CAROTENOIDS; MARKERS; L. AB Sex determination is an intriguing system in trioecious papaya. Over the past seven decades various hypotheses, based on the knowledge and information available at the time, have been proposed to explain the genetics of the papaya's sex determination. These include a single gene with three alleles, a group of closely linked genes, a genic balance of sex chromosome over autosomes, classical XY chromosomes, and regulatory elements of the flower development pathway. Recent advancements in genomic technology make it possible to characterize the genomic region involved in sex determination at the molecular level. High density linkage mapping validated the hypothesis that predicted recombination suppression at the sex determination locus. Physical mapping and sample sequencing of the non-recombination region led to the conclusion that sex determination is controlled by a pair of primitive sex chromosomes with a small male-specific region (MSY) of the Y chromosome. We now postulate that two sex determination genes control the sex determination pathway. One, a feminizing or stamen suppressor gene, causes stamen abortion before or at flower inception while the other, a masculinizing or carpel suppressor gene, causes carpel abortion at a later flower developmental stage. Detailed physical mapping is beginning to reveal structural details about the sex determination region and sequencing is expected to uncover candidate sex determining genes. Cloning of the sex determination genes and understanding the sex determination process could have profound application in papaya production. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 288 ERML,MC-051,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1084-9521 J9 SEMIN CELL DEV BIOL JI Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2006-11.013 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 208HC UT WOS:000249309400015 PM 17353137 ER PT J AU Clapp, CE Hayes, MHB Ciavatta, C AF Clapp, C. Edward Hayes, Michael H. B. Ciavatta, Claudio TI Organic wastes in soils: Biogeochemical and environmental aspects SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPOST; MATTER; CARBON C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Limerick, Ctr Res Colloids Soils & Waters, Limerick, Ireland. Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Alma Mater Studiorum, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Clapp, CE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM eclapp@umn.edu; michael.h.hayes@ul.ie; claudio.ciavatta@unibo.it RI Hayes, Michael/C-3463-2011; OI CIAVATTA, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-7914-4394 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1239 EP 1243 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.001 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 161FL UT WOS:000245999800001 ER PT J AU Busby, RR Torbert, HA Gebhart, DL AF Busby, Ryan R. Torbert, H. Allen Gebhart, Dick L. TI Carbon and nitrogen mineralization of non-composted and composted municipal solid waste in sandy soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd General Annual Conference of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE municipal waste; compost; carbon mineralization; nitrogen mineralization; soil organic matter ID RAPA VAR PERVIDIS; REFUSE COMPOST; ORGANIC-MATTER; NEUBAUER POT; MATURITY; GROWTH; SUCCESSION; STABILITY; CO2 AB A sterilized, but undecomposed, organic by-product of municipal waste processing was incubated in sandy soils to compare C and N mineralization with mature municipal waste compost. Waste products were added to two soils at rates of 17.9, 35.8, 71.6, and 143 Mg ha(-1) dry weight and incubated at 25 degrees C for 90 d. Every 30 d, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were analyzed and C mineralization was measured as total CO2-C evolved and added total organic C. Carbon mineralization of the undecomposed waste decreased over time, was directly related to application rate and soil nutrient status, and was significantly higher than C mineralization of the compost, in which C evolution was relatively unaffected across time, soils, and application rates. Carbon mineralization, measured as percentage C added by the wastes, also indicated no differences between composted waste treatments. However, mineralization as a percentage of C added in the undecomposed waste treatments was inversely related to application rate in the more productive soil, and no rate differences were observed in the highly degraded soil. Total inorganic N concentrations were much higher in the compost- and un-amended soils than in unclecomposed waste treatments. Significant N immobilization occurred in all undecomposed waste treatments. Because C mineralization of the undecomposed waste was dependant on soil nutrient status and led to significant immobilization of N, this material appears to be best suited for highly degraded soils low in organic matter where restoration of vegetation adapted to nutrient poor soils is desired Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Busby, RR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM ryan.r.busby@erdc.usacc.army.mil NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1277 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.003 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 161FL UT WOS:000245999800004 ER PT J AU Brunetti, G Plaza, C Clapp, CE Senesi, N AF Brunetti, G. Plaza, C. Clapp, C. E. Senesi, N. TI Compositional and functional features of humic acids from organic amendments and amended soils in Minnesota, USA SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd General Annual Conference of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE soil organic amendment; humic acids; elemental composition; functional groups composition; FT IR spectroscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy; ESR spectroscopy; NMR spectroscopy ID SUBSTANCES; NMR; FRACTIONS AB The use of organic amendments requires an adequate control of the chemical quality of their humic acid (HA)-like fractions and of the effects that these materials may have on the status, quality, chemistry and functions of native soil HAs. In this work, the compositional, functional and structural properties of the HA-like fractions isolated from a liquid swine manure (LSM), a municipal sewage sludge (SS), and two municipal solid waste composts (MSWCs) were evaluated in comparison to those of HAs isolated from three unamended soils and from the corresponding soils amended with LSW, SS, and MSWC at various rates in three field plot experiments conducted in Minnesota, USA. With respect to the unamended soil HAs, the HA-like fractions of the three amendments featured a greater aliphatic character, a marked presence of proteinaccous, S-containing and polysaccharides-like structures, an extended molecular heterogeneity, small organic free radical contents and a small degree of humification. The MSWC-HAs featured a larger degree of humification than LSM-HA and SS-HA. The three amendments affected in different ways and by various extents the compositional, structural and functional properties of soil HAs depending upon the nature, origin and application rate of the amendment. In general, the data obtained suggested that proteinaceous. S-containing and aliphatic structures contained in HA-like fractions of organic amendments were partially incorporated into native soil HAs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, I-70126 Bari, Italy. CSIC, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Brunetti, G (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM brunetti@agr.uniba.it OI Brunetti, Gennaro/0000-0002-3904-0742 NR 29 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1365 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.012 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 161FL UT WOS:000245999800013 ER PT J AU Gaur, A Jaynes, DB Horton, R Ochsner, TE AF Gaur, Anju Jaynes, Dan B. Horton, Robert Ochsner, Tyson E. TI Surface and subsurface solute transport properties at row and interrow positions SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solute transport; TDR; soil water velocity; dispersivity; row position ID CONTINUOUS-FLOOD IRRIGATION; SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNDISTURBED SOIL; FIELD SOIL; INFILTRATION; CROP; MOVEMENT; TILLAGE; VELOCITY AB Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of crop production practices on soil water dynamics, not much information is available on the impact of row position on solute transport. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate surface and subsurface solute transport properties in plant row, nontrafficked interrow, and trafficked interrow positions. For this purpose, a plot of 14 x 14 m in a stripcropped field with soybean (Glycine max L. Merr), corn (Zea mays L.), and oat (Avena L.) was selected. After harvesting the crops, surface (top 2 cm) electrical conductivity measurements were made by time domain reflectometry at 45 locations during a chloride pulse leaching experiment. At the conclusion of the pulse leaching experiment, 120-cm deep soil cores were collected at the 45 locations to measure the soil profile chemical distributions. No crop or row position effects were observed for surface-determined pore water velocities (v), whereas profile-determined v was greater in plant row versus interrow positions when averaged over all crops. Overall, the profile-determined v was slightly greater than the surface determined v, probably because of lower effective or mobile water contents. The profile-determined dispersion coefficient (D) was smaller in row positions than interrow positions in soybean and corn, perhaps because of surface ponding in the interrow positions of the crops resulting in macropore flow. Profile-determined D was greater in the interrow positions of soybean than oat, again reflecting possible macropore flow. Overall, the mean soil profile dispersivity (lambda = 2.97 cm) was larger than the surface soil (lambda = 1.02 cm). The local surface solute transport varied by row positions, whereas profile solute transport was affected by both row position and crop, perhaps due to surface ponding producing macropore flow in the trafficked and nontrafficked interrows of soybean and the trafficked interrows of corn. Thus, a one-dimensional solute transport model with a spatially distributed flux or potential controlled upper boundary condition must be used to model this system. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. RP Gaur, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 6 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1097/ss0b013e3180471c72 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 180HF UT WOS:000247353000001 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Review and outlook for Soil & Tillage Research SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ISTRO C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.cc.uga.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.03.003 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 178OT UT WOS:000247230700001 ER PT J AU Lenssen, AW Waddell, JT Johnson, GD Carlson, GR AF Lenssen, A. W. Waddell, J. T. Johnson, G. D. Carlson, G. R. TI Diversified cropping systems in semiarid Montana: Nitrogen use during drought SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spring wheat; field pea; chickpea; lentil; yellow mustard; safflower; sunflower; zero tillage; soil nitrate; nitrogen recovery index; nitrogen harvest index; crop yields ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-WATER; SUSTAINING PRODUCTIVITY; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; STUBBLE RETENTION; MINERAL NITROGEN; SAFFLOWER YIELD; BROWN CHERNOZEM; WINTER-WHEAT AB Improved nitrogen use efficiency would be beneficial to agroccosystem sustainability in the northern Great Plains of the USA. The most common rotation in the northern Great Plains is fallow-spring wheat. Tillage during fallow periods controls weeds, which other-wise would use substantial amounts of water and available nitrogen, decreasing the efficiency of fallow. Chemical fallow and zero tillage systems improve soil water conservation, and may improve nitrogen availability to subsequent crops. We conducted a field trial from 1998 through 2003 comparing nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of crops in nine rotations under two tillage systems, conventional and no-till. All rotations included spring wheat, two rotations included field pea, while lentil, chickpea, yellow mustard, sunflower, and safflower were present in single rotations with wheat. Growing season precipitation was below average in 3 of 4 years, resulting in substantial drought stress to crops not following fallow. In general, rotation had a greater influence on spring wheat nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency than did tillage system. Spring wheat following fallow had substantially higher N accumulation in seed and biomass, N harvest index, and superior nitrogen use efficiency than wheat following pea, lentil, chickpea, yellow mustard, or wheat. Preplant nitrate-N varied widely among years and rotations, but overall, conventional tillage resulted in 9 kg ha(-1) more nitrate-N (060 cm) for spring wheat than did zero tillage. However, zero tillage spring wheat averaged 11 kg ha(-1) more N in biomass than wheat in conventional tillage. Nitrogen accumulation in pea seed, 45 kg ha(-1) was superior to that of all alternate crops and spring wheat, 17 and 23 kg ha(-1), respectively. Chickpea, lentil, yellow mustard, safflower, and sunflower did not perform well and were not adapted to this region during periods of below average precipitation. During periods of drought, field pea and wheat following fallow had greater nitrogen use efficiency than recropped wheat or other pulse and oilseed crops. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ASRU, USDA, ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. RP Lenssen, AW (reprint author), ASRU, USDA, ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM alensen@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 362 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.08.012 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 178OT UT WOS:000247230700012 ER PT J AU Nyakatawa, EZ Jakkula, V Reddy, KC Lemunyon, JL Norris, BE AF Nyakatawa, E. Z. Jakkula, V. Reddy, K. C. Lemunyon, J. L. Norris, B. E., Jr. TI Soil erosion estimation in conservation tillage systems with poultry litter application using RUSLE 2.0 model SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RUSLE 2.0; conservation tillage; cover crop; soil erosion; C-factor ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; COTTON; YIELD; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; RUNOFF; PLAINS; CARBON; WATER AB Soil erosion is a major threat to global economic and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated long-term effects of conservation tillage with poultry litter application on soil erosion estimates in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plots using RUSLE 2.0 computer model. Treatments consisting of no-till, mulch-till, and conventional tillage systems, winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover cropping and poultry litter, and ammonium nitrate sources of nitrogen were established at the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Belle Mina, AL (34 degrees 41'N, 86 degrees 52W), beginning fall 1996. Soil erosion estimates in cotton plots under conventional tillage system with winter rye cover cropping declined by 36% from 8.0 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in 1997 to 5.1 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in 2004. This result was largely attributed to cumulative effect of surface residue cover which increased by 17%, from 20% in 1997 to 37% in 2004. In conventional tillage without winter rye cover cropping, soil erosion estimates were 11.0 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in 1997 and increased to 12.0 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in 2004. In no-till system, soil erosion estimates generally remained stable over the study period, averaging 0.5 and 1.3 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) with and without winter rye cover cropping, respectively. This study shows that cover cropping is critical to reduce soil erosion and to increase the sustainability of cotton production in the southeast U.S. Application of N in the form of ammonium nitrate or poultry litter significantly increased cotton canopy cover and surface root biomass, which are desirable attributes for soil erosion reduction in cotton plots. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, NRCS, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. Tennessee Valley Res Stn, Belle Mina, AL 35615 USA. RP Nyakatawa, EZ (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ermson.nyakatawa@email.aamu.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 410 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.09.003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 178OT UT WOS:000247230700016 ER PT J AU Wright, SF Green, VS Cavigelli, MA AF Wright, S. F. Green, V. S. Cavigelli, M. A. TI Glomalin in aggregate size classes from three different farming systems SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aggregation; tillage; organic farming; soil organic matter ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL; HYPHAE; STABILITY; PROTEIN AB Glomalin was measured in soil from farming systems managed for 8 years by chisel tillage (CT), more intensive tillage for organic (ORG) production, and no tillage (NT) on Acrisols (FAO Soil Units) in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Whole soil and aggregate size classes of >2.00, 0.50-2.00 and 0.21-0.50 mm (macroaggregates), 0.05-0.21 mm (microaggregates), and <0.05 mm (fine material) were examined. Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) was extracted from 1-g samples (four plots per treatment) with 100 mM sodium pyrophosphate, pH 9.0, at 121 degrees C in three extraction cycles. Extracts were pooled and quantified by using the Bradford protein assay. Concentrations of GRSP and total carbon (C) in aggregates were linearly related across aggregate size classes for all treatments (GRSP = 0. 101C + 0.56, r(2) = 0.95). No tillage had significantly greater whole soil GRSP than did CT or ORG (P = 0.01). Mean values for GRSP in aggregates of NT were higher than for CT or ORG aggregates by 0.53 and 0.66 mg g(-1) aggregates, respectively. There were no differences among treatments in GRSP concentrations in fine material. In NT the concentration of GRSP increased as aggregate size increased in contrast to the disturbed treatments, CT or ORG, where there were no differences in GRSP concentration across aggregate size fractions. Larger proportions of GRSP were distributed in macroaggregates of NT compared to CT and ORG in contrast to larger proportions in microaggregates of CT and ORG than in NT. Although soil disturbance in ORG farming is greater than for CT farming, both treatments had similar GRSP concentrations and distributions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Cavigelli, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Rm 140,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM CavigelM@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 546 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.08.003 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 178OT UT WOS:000247230700029 ER PT J AU Grigera, MS Drijber, RA Wienhold, BJ AF Grigera, M. Susana Drijber, Rhae A. Wienhold, Brian J. TI Redistribution of crop residues during row cultivation creates a biologically enhanced environment for soil microorganisms SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE row cultivator; FAMEs; C availability; C redistribution ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; MAIZE; FUNGI AB Formation of ridges during row cultivation creates microsites that could enhance spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, such as organic C, and thereby influence soil microbial communities. A study was conducted during 2003 near Shelton, NE, on a corn (Zea mays L.) field mapped using apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). New ridges were built each year with a row cultivator when corn reached the V3-V4 growth stage. Cultivation increased labile C fractions and soil microbial biomass in the row position for all ECa classes. Canonical discrimination analysis showed no clear differences in relative abundance of specific microbial groups among ECa classes or between row and furrow position, except for enhanced mycorrhizal biomass in the row. Microbial biomass responded strongly to changes in C redistribution, but was not accompanied by a significant change in the abundance of specific microbial groups. Labile C fractions (coarse and fine particulate organic matter) and crop residues in diverse stages of decomposition are associated with diverse microbial groups. Thus, row cultivation for weed control creates a biologically enhanced root zone that may improve early season performance of corn. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 120 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwienhold1@unl.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.08.016 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 178OT UT WOS:000247230700030 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Fletcher, RS Deloach, CJ Davis, MR AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. Fletcher, R. S. Deloach, C. J. Davis, M. R. TI Using remote sensing to assess biological control of saltcedar SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; TAMARIX SPP.; LEAF BEETLE; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Research was conducted to evaluate the potential of using remote sensing technology to assess feeding damage on the invasive woody plant species, saltcedar, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., by a leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata (Brulle). Field reflectance measurements showed that saltcedar plants exhibiting feeding damage had lower visible green reflectance than healthy plants, and could be distinguished from healthy plants on conventional color aerial photographs. Accuracy assessments performed on supervised classification maps of aerial photographs from two years showed that damaged and healthy saltcedar plants had producer and user accuracies ranging from 88% to 100%. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 78502 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.2.93 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 195FF UT WOS:000248397200003 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC AF Suh, Charles P. -C. TI Head capsule widths of nymphal instars of the cotton flealhopper SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.2.127 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 195FF UT WOS:000248397200006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Diaz, L Leguizamon, E Forcella, F Gonzalez-Andujar, JL AF Gonzalez-Diaz, L. Leguizamon, E. Forcella, F. Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L. TI Short communication. Integration of emergence and population dynamic models for long term weed management using wild oat (Avena fatua L.) as an example SO SPANISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE degree-days; Gompertz model; life-cycle model; logistic model; simulation; weed control ID ECONOMICS; SYSTEMS AB Weed emergence models and weed population models have shown to be important tools for decision making. However, there have been no attempts to integrate a weed emergence model with a population dynamics model to build an improved model with increased predictive capacity. In this paper, a method of integrating both types of model is presented and an application building a mathematical model based on previously reported seedling emergence and population dynamics data to simulate cohort-dependent population dynamics of wild oat is given. Three management scenarios (S-1, S-2, S-3) were considered. In S-1, farmers are not aware of the time of weed emergence make control decisions as a stochastic process. Under S-2, farmers are aware of the time of weed emergence and make decisions considering the time of emergence. The effect of 100% control when 80, 90, 95 and 100% of wild oats had emerged was examined. In S-3 there was "no control". In the absence of control the wild oat population grew in a sigmoid manner and reached an equilibrium density at about 16,000 seeds m(-2) in the soil seed bank. In S-1, simulation resulted in an average population equilibrium at about 13,000 seeds m(-2). This equilibrium position represented only a 19% reduction of the carrying capacity of the system. In S-2, the 95% and 100% emerged weeds, produced population extinction after 16 and 6 years, respectively. In S-2 with 90% and 80% of emerged weeds the carrying capacity of the system was reduced by 95% and 28%, respectively. Scenario S-2 with minimum uncertainty always gave better results than S-1. Integrating simple population models with emergence models would help farmers in long-term decision making for weed management. C1 CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Dept Crop Protect, Cordoba 14080, Spain. Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Ciencias Agrarias, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Gonzalez-Andujar, JL (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Dept Crop Protect, Apdo 4084, Cordoba 14080, Spain. EM andujar@cica.es RI GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, JOSE /G-5671-2013 OI GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, JOSE /0000-0003-2356-4098 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPANISH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLO PI MADRID PA AUTOPISTA A-6, KM 7.5, MADRID, 28040, SPAIN SN 1695-971X J9 SPAN J AGRIC RES JI Span. J. Agric. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 187FQ UT WOS:000247833400010 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZH Wang, YR Fei, BH Fu, F Hse, CY AF Jiang Ze-hui Wang Yu-rong Fei Ben-hua Fu Feng Hse Chung-yun TI Rapid prediction of annual ring density of Paulownia elongate standing tress using near infrared spectroscopy SO SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS LA Chinese DT Article DE near infrared spectral analysis; Paulownia elongate; standing trees; annual ring density ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; WOOD AB Rapid prediction of annual ring density of Paulownia elongate standing trees using near infrared spectroscopy was studied. It was non-destructive to collect the samples for trees, that is, the wood cores 5 mm in diameter were unthreaded at the breast height of standing trees instead of fallen trees. Then the spectra data were collected by autoscan method of NIR. The annual ring density was determined by mercury immersion. And the models were made and analyzed by the partial least square (PLS) and full cross validation in the 350-2500 nm wavelength range. The results showed that high coefficients were obtained between the annual ring and the NIR fitted data. The correlation coefficient of prediction model was 0.88 and 0.91 in the middle diameter and bigger diameter, respectively. Moreover, high coefficients of correlation were also obtained between annual ring density laboratory-determined and the NIR fitted data in the middle diameter of Paulownia elongate standing trees, the correlation coefficient of calibration model and prediction model were 0.90 and 0.83, and the standard errors of calibration(SEC) and standard errors of prediction(SEP) were 0.012 and 0.016, respectively. The method can simply, rapidly and non-destructively estimate the annual ring density of the Paulownia elongate standing trees close to the cutting age. C1 Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. USDA, Forestry Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Wang, YR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM yurwang@caf.ac.cn NR 24 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEIJING UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA HAIDIAN-QU, BEIJING 100871, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0593 J9 SPECTROSC SPECT ANAL JI Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1065 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 189UE UT WOS:000248013200007 ER PT J AU He, XY He, ZH Zhang, LP Sun, DJ Morris, CF Fuerst, EP Xia, XC AF He, X. Y. He, Z. H. Zhang, L. P. Sun, D. J. Morris, C. F. Fuerst, E. P. Xia, X. C. TI Allelic variation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes located on chromosomes 2A and 2D and development of functional markers for the PPO genes in common wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; NOODLE COLOR; D-GENOME; SEQUENCE; CDNA; EXPRESSION AB Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity is highly related to the undesirable browning of wheat-based end products, especially Asian noodles. Characterization of PPO genes and the development of their functional markers are of great importance for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. In the present study, complete genomic DNA sequences of two PPO genes, one each located on chromosomes 2A and 2D and their allelic variants were characterized by means of in silico cloning and experimental validation. Sequences were aligned at both DNA and protein levels. Two haplotypes on chromosome 2D showed 95.2% sequence identity at the DNA level, indicating much more sequence diversity than those on chromosome 2A with 99.6% sequence identity. Both of the PPO genes on chromosomes 2A and 2D contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,731 bp, encoding a PPO precursor peptide of 577 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of similar to 64 kD. Two complementary dominant STS markers, PPO16 and PPO29, were developed based on the PPO gene haplotypes located on chromosome 2D; they amplify a 713-bp fragment in cultivars with low PPO activity and a 490-bp fragment in those with high PPO activity, respectively. The two markers were mapped on chromosome 2DL using a doubled haploid population derived from the cross Zhongyou 9507/CA9632, and a set of nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and ditelosomic line 2DS of Chinese Spring. QTL analysis indicated that the PPO gene co-segregated with the two STS markers and was closely linked to SSR marker Xwmc41 on chromosome 2DL, explaining from 9.6 to 24.4% of the phenotypic variance for PPO activity across three environments. In order to simultaneously detect PPO loci on chromosomes 2A and 2D, a multiplexed marker combination PPO33/PPO16 was developed and yielded distinguishable DNA patterns in a number of cultivars. The STS marker PPO33 for the PPO gene on chromosome 2A was developed from the same gene sequences as PPO18 that we reported previously, and can amplify a 481-bp and a 290-bp fragment from cultivars with low and high PPO activity, respectively. A total of 217 Chinese wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to validate the association between the polymorphic fragments and grain PPO activity. The results showed that the marker combination PPO33/PPO16 is efficient and reliable for evaluating PPO activity and can be used in wheat breeding programs aimed for noodle and other end product quality improvement. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Beijing Engn & Tech Res Ctr Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Agron, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP He, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Zhongguancun S St 12, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bta.net.cn; xiaxianchun@caas.net.cn RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 52 TC 63 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0539-8 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 171MJ UT WOS:000246739800006 PM 17426955 ER PT J AU Meyer, JDF Snook, ME Houchins, KE Rector, BG Widstrom, NW McMullen, MD AF Meyer, J. D. F. Snook, M. E. Houchins, K. E. Rector, B. G. Widstrom, N. W. McMullen, M. D. TI Quantitative trait loci for maysin synthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) lines selected for high silk maysin content SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EARWORM RESISTANCE FACTOR; CORN-EARWORM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENETIC MECHANISMS; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; FLAVONE; EXPRESSION; ANTIBIOSIS; QTL; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Maysin is a naturally occurring C-glycosyl flavone found in maize (Zea mays L.) silk tissue that confers resistance to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea, Boddie). Recently, two new maize populations were derived for high silk maysin. The two populations were named the exotic populations of maize (EPM) and the southern inbreds of maize (SIM). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was employed to determine which loci were responsible for elevated maysin levels in inbred lines derived from the EPM and SIM populations. The candidate genes consistent with QTL position included the p (pericarp color), c2 (colorless2), whp1 (white pollen1) and in1 (intensifier1) loci. The role of these loci in controlling high maysin levels in silks was tested by expression analysis and use of the loci as genetic markers onto the QTL populations. These studies support p, c2 and whp1, but not in1, as loci controlling maysin. Through this study, we determined that the p locus regulates whp1 transcription and that increased maysin in these inbred lines was primarily due to alleles at both structural and regulatory loci promoting increased flux through the flavone pathway by increasing chalcone synthase activity. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcmullenm@missouri.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0548-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 171MJ UT WOS:000246739800013 PM 17486311 ER PT J AU Smith, TL Merry, ST Harris, DL Ford, JJ Ike, J Archibong, AE Ramesh, A AF Smith, Tene L. Merry, Shayla T. Harris, Deacqunita L. Ford, J. Joe Ike, Justus Archibong, Anthony E. Ramesh, Aramandla TI Species-specific testicular and hepatic microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, an ubiquitous toxicant and endocrine disruptor SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE benzo(a)pyrene; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; testicular microsomes; liver microsomes; metabolism; HPLC ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IN-VITRO; CYTOCHROMES P450; LUNG-TISSUE; DNA-DAMAGE; ACTIVATION; BINDING; BIOAVAILABILITY; BENZOPYRENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Information on the metabolism of the environmental toxicant, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in the male reproductive system is crucial for understanding BaP-induced infertility. Microsomes were isolated from the liver and testes of rat, mouse, hamster, ram, boar, bull, and monkey and incubated with BaP. Post-incubation, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed for BaP/metabolites by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. A great variation among species to metabolize BaP was observed. The rodent testicular microsomes produced higher proportions of BaP 4,5-diol and 9,10-diol than did boar, ram, bull, and monkey. On the other hand, hepatic microsomes from higher mammals converted a greater proportion of BaP to 3-hydroxy and 9-hydroxy BaP, the detoxification products of BaP. Given the ability of BaP 7-8-diol 9, 10-epoxide, 3-, and 9-hydroxy BaP to bind with DNA and form adducts, there is a likelihood of risk arising from the accumulation of BaP metabolites in testicular tissues. These metabolites may interfere with the formation and function of gametes, eventually contributing to infertility. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Biomed Sci, Div Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Biol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Ramesh, A (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Biomed Sci, Div Canc Biol, 1005 DB Todd Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM aramesh@mmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00163, G12 RR03032]; NHLBI NIH HHS [5T32HL007735-12]; NICHD NIH HHS [1U54HD0431501-09, R01HD020419-19S1]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1S11ES014156-01A1, ES012168]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08037] NR 37 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.005 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 177CQ UT WOS:000247131600028 PM 17317092 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Warren, JM Brooks, JR AF Meinzer, Frederick C. Warren, Jeffrey M. Brooks, J. Renee TI Species-specific partitioning of soil water resources in an old-growth Douglas-fir-western hemlock forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; root distribution; sap flow; transpiration; Tsuga heterophylla ID NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; ROOT XYLEM EMBOLISM; MARITIME PINE STAND; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SAP FLOW; PONDEROSA PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TROPICAL FOREST; CANOPY TREES AB Although tree- and stand-level estimates of forest water use are increasingly common, relatively little is known about partitioning of soil water resources among co-occurring tree species. We studied seasonal courses of soil water utilization in a 450-year-old Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco-Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forest in southwestern Washington State. Soil volumetric water content (theta) was continuously monitored with frequency domain capacitance sensors installed at eight depths from 0.2 to 2 m at four locations in the vicinity of each species. Vertical profiles of root distribution and seasonal and daily courses of hydraulic redistribution (HR), sap flow and tree water status were also measured. Mean root area in the upper 60 cm of soil was significantly greater in the vicinity of T. heterophylla trees. However, seasonal water extraction on a root area basis was significantly greater near P. menziesii trees at all depths between 15 and 65 cm, leading to significantly lower water storage in the upper 65 cm of soil near P. menziesii trees at the end of the summer dry season. Greater apparent efficiency of P. menziesii roots at extracting soil water was attributable to a greater driving force for water uptake rather than to differences in root hydraulic properties between the species. The dependence of HR on theta was similar in soil near individuals of both species, but seasonal maximum rates of HR were greater in soil near P. menziesii because minimum values of theta were lower, implying a steeper water potential gradient between the upper and lower soil that acted as a driving force for water efflux from shallow roots. The results provide information on functional traits relevant for understanding the ecological distributions of these species and have implications for spatial variability of processes such as soil respiration and nutrient cycling. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177QI UT WOS:000247167200009 PM 17331905 ER PT J AU Groover, AT AF Groover, Andrew T. TI Will genomics guide a greener forest biotech? SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; ASSOCIATION GENETICS; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; ADAPTIVE TRAITS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TREES; POPLAR; DIFFERENTIATION; REGENERATION; POPULATIONS AB \Forest biotechnology has been increasingly associated with wood production using plantation forestry, and has stressed applications that use pedigreed material and transgenic trees. Reasons for this emphasis include limitations of available technologies to conform to underlying genetic features of undomesticated forest tree populations. More recently, genomic technologies have rapidly begun to expand the scope of forest biotechnology. Genomic technologies are well suited to describe and make use of the abundant genetic variation present in undomesticated forest tree populations. Genomics thus enables new research and applications for conservation and management of natural forests, and is a primary technological driver for new research addressing the use of forests trees for carbon sequestration, biofuells feedstocks, and other 'green' applications. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Groover, AT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 1100 W Chile Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.04.005 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 185LF UT WOS:000247711800002 PM 17499008 ER PT J AU Petkov, D Linnemann, E Kapczynski, DR Sellers, HS AF Petkov, Daniel Linnemann, Erich Kapczynski, Darrell R. Sellers, Holly S. TI Full-length sequence analysis of four IBDV strains with different pathogenicities SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE IBDV; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis ID INFECTIOUS-BURSAL-DISEASE; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; CAPSID PROTEIN VP3; GENOME SEGMENT-B; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; IN-VIVO; VIRUS; VIRULENT; CHICKENS; DISTINCT AB Characterization of field isolate 9109, Lukert, Edgar cell culture-adapted (CCA), and Edgar chicken embryo-adapted (CEA) serotype 1 IBDV strains using full-length genomic sequences is reported. IBDV genomic segments A and B were sequenced and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced IBDV strains. We found that the viral protein VPX and amino acid sequences between aa 202-451 and 210-473 of VP2 but not the entire VP2 protein are the best representatives of the entire IBDV genome. The greatest variability was found in the VP2 and 5' non-coding region of segment B among IBDV strains. The deduced amino acid sequences of the VP1 protein varies in length among the strains analyzed. The RNA-dependent, RNA-polymerase motifs within VP1 and the VP5 protein were highly conserved among isolates. Although within the VP2 processing site, amino acid sequence of Lukert was similar to the classical while the Edgar CCA, and CEA were more similar to the very virulent strains, it was determined that these strains have sequence characteristics of the classical strains. In addition, close relatedness between Lukert, Edgar CCA and CEA was observed. Although phylogenetic analysis of the VP1, VP3, and VP4 proteins indicated that 9109 is a classical type virus, this isolate shares unique amino acid changes with very virulent strains within the same proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3' and 5' non-coding regions of segment A revealed that 9109 is more similar to the very virulent strains compared to the classical strains. In the VP2 protein, several amino acids were conserved between variant E and 9109 strains. Thus, it appears that 9109 isolate has characteristics of classical, very virulent, and variant strains. Our analysis indicates that although VPX amino acid comparison may be initially useful for molecular typing, full-length genomic sequence analysis is essential for thorough molecular characterization as partial sequences may not designate a particular strain as very virulent, classical, or variant. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sellers, HS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM hsellers@uga.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s11262-006-0021-8 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 149WJ UT WOS:000245177300010 PM 16927125 ER PT J AU Bendfeldt, S Ridpath, JF Neill, JD AF Bendfeldt, S. Ridpath, J. F. Neill, J. D. TI Activation of cell signaling pathways is dependant on the biotype of bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 2 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BVDV biotype; mitochondrial membrane potential; apoptosis; akt; p38 MAPK; caspases ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CAP-BINDING-PROTEIN; TRANSLATION INITIATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MUCOSAL DISEASE; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS; KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; INFECTION AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Besides the segregation into two distinct species (BVDV1/BVDV2) two different biotypes, a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype, are distinguished based on their behavior in epithelial cell cultures. One of the most serious forms of BVDV infection affecting immunocompetent animals of all ages is severe acute BVD (sa BVD) which is caused by highly virulent ncp BVDV2 strains. Previous studies revealed that these highly virulent ncp viruses cause cell death in a lymphoid cell line (BL3) which is not clearly associated with typical apoptotic changes (e.g. PARP cleavage) observed after infection with cp BVDV. To further characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms, we first analyzed the role of the mitochondria and caspases as key mediators of apoptosis. Compared to infection with cp BVDV2, infection with highly virulent ncp BVDV2 resulted in a delayed and less pronounced disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta psi(m)) and a weaker activation of the caspase cascade. In contrast, infection with low virulence ncp BVDV2 showed no significant differences from the uninfected control cells. Since different pro- and anti-apoptotic cellular signaling pathways may become activated upon virus infection, we compared the effect of different BVDV2 strains on cellular signaling pathways in BL3 cells. Stress-mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation was detected only in cells infected with cp BVDV2. Interestingly, infection with highly virulent ncp BVDV2 was found to influence the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. This indicates that BU cells respond differently to infection with BVDV depending on virulence and biotype. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Neill, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jneill@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.003 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 177RH UT WOS:000247169700012 PM 17376555 ER PT J AU Chicas, M Caviedes, M Hammond, R Madriz, K Albertazzi, F Villalobos, H Ramirez, P AF Chicas, Mauricio Caviedes, Mario Hammond, Rosemarie Madriz, Kenneth Albertazzi, Federico Villalobos, Heydi Ramirez, Pilar TI Partial characterization of Maize rayado fino virus isolates from Ecuador: Phylogenetic analysis supports a Central American origin of the virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE maize rayado fino virus; MRFV; marafivirus; central America ID DALBULUS LEAFHOPPERS HOMOPTERA; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; LATIN-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; CICADELLIDAE; MARAFIVIRUS AB Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) infects maize and appears to be restricted to, yet widespread in, the Americas. MRFV was previously unreported from Ecuador. Maize plants exhibiting symptoms of MRFV infection were collected at the Santa Catalina experiment station in Quito, Ecuador. RT-PCR reactions were performed on total RNA extracted from the symptomatic leaves using primers specific for the capsid protein (CP) gene and 3' non-translated region of MRFV and first strand cDNA as a template. Nucleotide sequence comparisons to previously sequenced MRFV isolates from other geographic regions revealed 88-91% sequence identity. Pbylogenetic trees constructed using Maximum Likelihood, UPGMA, Minimal Evolution, Neighbor Joining, and Maximum Parsimony methods separated the MRFV isolates into four groups. These groups may represent geographic isolation generated by the mountainous chains of the American continent. Analysis of the sequences and the genetic distances among the different isolates suggests that MRFV may have originated in Mexico and/or Guatemala and from there it dispersed to the rest of the Americas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Hammond, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 214 Bldg 004 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rose.Hammond@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Madriz-Ordenana, Kenneth/M-3821-2014 OI Madriz-Ordenana, Kenneth/0000-0003-3133-0371 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.011 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 177RH UT WOS:000247169700031 PM 17386956 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Alloway, BJ AF Ashworth, D. J. Alloway, B. J. TI Complexation of copper by sewage sludge-derived dissolved organic matter: Effects on soil sorption behaviour and plant uptake SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cu; DOC; DOM; free ion; heavy metals; speciation; spring barley ID AMENDED SOILS; MOBILITY; CARBON; NICKEL; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; SPECIATION; FRACTIONS; TOXICITY; WATERS AB The complexation of Cu by sewage sludge-derived dissolved organic matter (SSDOM) is a process by which the environmental significance of the element may become enhanced due to reduced soil sorption and, hence, increased mobility. The work described in this paper used an ion selective electrode procedure to show that SSDOM complexation of Cu was greatest at intermediate pH values because competition between hydrogen ions and Cu for SSDOM binding sites, and between hydroxyl ions and SSDOM as Cu ligands, was lowest at such values. Batch sorption experiments further showed that the process of Cu complexation by SSDOM provided an explanation for enhanced desorption of Cu from the solid phase of a contaminated, organic matter-rich, clay loam soil, and reduced adsorption of Cu onto the solid phase of a sandy loam soil. Complexation of Cu by SSDOM did not affect uptake of Cu by spring barley plants, when compared to free ionic Cu, in a sand-culture pot experiment. However, it did appear to lead to greater biomass yields of the plant; perhaps indicating that the Cu-SSDOM complex had a lower toxicity towards the plant than the free Cu ion. C1 USDA ARS, United States Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Soil Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, United States Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dashworth@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 182 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9331-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 166EJ UT WOS:000246360400017 ER PT J AU Landman, GB Kolka, RK Sharitz, RR AF Landman, George B. Kolka, Randall K. Sharitz, Rebecca R. TI Soil seed bank analysis of planted and naturally revegetating thermally-disturbed riparian wetland forests SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE riparian restoration; successional gradient; thermal disturbance ID BURIED VIABLE SEEDS; CAROLINA BAYS; LIFE-HISTORY; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; FLOODPLAIN; SWAMP; FIELD; HETEROGENEITY AB Accelerating the reestablishment of a mature, biotic community following a disturbance is a common goal of restoration ecology. In this study, we describe the relative successional status of a recently disturbed riparian seed bank when compared with less recently disturbed and undisturbed systems, and the short-term effects of restoration on seed bank development within the recently disturbed system. The study location, the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the development of wetland seed banks following a severe disturbance, in this case the release of elevated temperature and flow effluent from nuclear reactor operations. To assess the recovery of wetland seed banks over time, we compared seed banks of naturally recovering riparian corridor and swamp delta sites of two different ages since disturbance (nine years and 30 years) with undisturbed forested corridor and swamp sites. To assess the potential effects of restoration efforts (site preparation and planting of seedlings) on seed bank development, we compared seed banks of naturally recovering (unplanted) and planted riparian corridor and swamp delta sites in the more recently disturbed system. We expected total germinants and species richness to be highest in the recently disturbed sites and decline as wetland systems matured. Within recently disturbed sites, we expected planted sites to have higher abundance and richness than unplanted sites. We also expected a greater abundance of woody species in the undisturbed forested sites. The number of germinants differed among the sites, ranging from 748 individuals per m 2 in the undisturbed swamp area to 10,322 individuals per m 2 in the recently disturbed planted swamp delta. When corridor and delta sites within a stream system were combined, the mean number of germinants was greater in the recently disturbed system, intermediate in the 30-year (mid-successional) system, and lowest in the undisturbed system. Seed banks from the recently disturbed and mid-successional sites were more similar in composition than they were to the undisturbed systems. Across all stream systems, riparian corridors had greater mean species richness than swamp deltas, though differences in seed bank abundances were not significant. Sedges and rushes were the predominant life forms in the recently disturbed and mid-successional sites, while undisturbed sites had a greater proportion of herbs and woody seedlings. In addition, there were more germinants from planted sites than from unplanted sites. The dominance by early successional species at recently disturbed planted sites may be an unintended consequence of site preparation treatments, and such potential effects should be recognized and weighed during the development of restoration plans. C1 ESS Grp Inc, E Providence, RI 02915 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Landman, GB (reprint author), ESS Grp Inc, E Providence, RI 02915 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[211:SSBAOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181FS UT WOS:000247423000001 ER PT J AU Franzreb, KE AF Franzreb, Kathleen E. TI Reproductive success and nest depredation of the Florida Scrub-Jay SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Florida Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) is listed as a threatened species primarily because of habitat loss throughout much of its range. The Ocala National Forest in Florida contains one of three main subpopulations that must be stable or increasing before the species can be considered for removal from federal listing. However, little information is available on Florida Scrub-jay reproductive success or predation pressure on this forest. I used video cameras during 2002 and 2003 to identify nest predators and timing of predation events. The presence of the video system did not significantly affect the rate of nest abandonment. Thirteen nests were video-monitored of which one was abandoned, five experienced no predation, three were partially depredated, and four had total. loss of nest contents. Snakes were responsible for more losses from predation than either mammals or birds. I monitored 195 other scrub-jay nests (no video-monitoring) and measured the mean number of eggs, nestlings, and fledglings produced per breeding pair. No significant difference in reproductive success was detected between years or between year and helper status. Groups with helpers produced significantly more fledglings (0.5 per breeding pair) and had higher daily survival rates of nests in the egg stage, nestling stage, and the entire breeding season than groups lacking helpers. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, USDA, So Res Stn,So Appalachin Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Stud, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Franzreb, KE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, USDA, So Res Stn,So Appalachin Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Stud, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Franzreb@utk.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1676/05-075.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 177AP UT WOS:000247126300002 ER PT J AU Rudolph, DC Conner, RN Schaefer, RR Koerth, NE AF Rudolph, D. Craig Conner, Richard N. Schaefer, Richard R. Koerth, Nancy E. TI Red-cockaded woodpecker foraging behavior SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; WINTER AB We studied Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) to examine the effect of status and gender on foraging behavior. Foraging behavior of breeding pairs extended beyond separation by foraging height to include zones (bole, trunk in crown, primary limb, secondary limb) of the tree used and foraging methods (scaling, probing, excavating). Helper males and juvenile females maintained partial spatial separation from breeding adults. Helper males maintained spatial separation from breeding adults by exploiting limbs within tree crowns in both longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly-shortleaf (P. taeda, P. echinata) pine forests, but also increased use of holes in loblolly-shortleaf pine in concert with reduced use of boles by adult females. Breeding males tended to forage less by scaling, probably due to the reduced proportion of foraging on boles of trees where scaling tends to predominate. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Rudolph, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM crudolph01@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1676/03-066.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 177AP UT WOS:000247126300003 ER PT J AU Jones, KC Roth, KL Islam, K Hamel, PB Smith, CG AF Jones, Kelly C. Roth, Kirk L. Islam, Kamal Hamel, Paul B. Smith, Carl G., III TI Incidence of nest material kleptoparasitism involving Cerulean Warblers SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBROIN AB We document 21 observations of interspecific stealing of nesting material involving Cerulean Warblers (Dendroica cerulea), Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus), Blue-gray Gnatcatchers (Polioptila caerulea), Northern Parulas (Parula americana), Black-throated Green Warblers (D. virens), American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla), and Orchard Orioles (Icterus spurius) that occurred during studies of Cerulean Warbler breeding biology. These incidents involved a variety of combinations of nest owner and nest material thief suggesting that each of these species is both a perpetrator and recipient of this behavior in our study areas. Kleptoparasitic incidents occurred at all stages of the nesting cycle from nest-building through post-fledging. Two possible motivations for this behavior are related to saving time in finding nest materials and collecting this material for nest construction. C1 Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Islam, K (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM kislam@bsu.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1676/05-145.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 177AP UT WOS:000247126300016 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Muir, WM AF Cheng, H. W. Muir, W. M. TI Mechanisms of aggression and production in chickens: genetic variations in the functions of serotonin, catecholamine, and corticosterone SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE gene; production; aggression; neuroendocrinology; chickens ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; LOW ADRENAL RESPONSE; ROMAN HIGH-AVOIDANCE; OPEN-FIELD BEHAVIOR; MALE VERVET MONKEYS; GROUP SELECTION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AB The neuroendocrine systems, such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5- HT) as well as corticosterone (CORT), are involved in regulating behavioural patterns and reproduction in humans and other mammals. Similar functions of neuroendocrine system may present in laying hens. To test the hypothesis, two divergent chicken lines were used in the study. Each line has distinct levels of aggressiveness and productivity at a group setting and exhibits differen susceptibility to various environmental stressors. We found that, at 21 wks of age, LGPS (Low Group Productivity and Survivability) birds had significantly higher blood concentrations of DA and epinephrine than the KGB birds (Kind Gentle Birds, also previously termed HGPS, birds with a High Group Productivity and Survivability) (P< 0.01, respectively). The blood concentration of norepinephrine was not significantly different between the lines but the ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine was higher in LGPS birds (P< 0.01). The blood concentration of 5- HT was also significantly higher in LGPS birds compared to KGB birds (P< 0.01). In contrast, KGB birds tended to have a higher level of blood CORT (P= 0.1). The results suggest that genetic selection for productivity and survivability with domestic behaviours alters the birds' neuroendocrine homeostasis. The selection-associated plasticity of the neuroendocrine system in controlling animal aggression and productivity were discussed in the article. C1 [Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Muir, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 207 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 IS 2 BP 233 EP 254 DI 10.1017/S0043933907001432 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266YF UT WOS:000253473400004 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Miller, S Waldrop, TA AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Miller, Stanlee Waldrop, Thomas A. TI Short-term response of shrews to prescribed fire and mechanical fuel reduction in a Southern Appalachian upland hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burn; fire surrogate; fuel reduction; prescribed fire; shrews; soricids; Southern Appalachians ID FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SORICID RESPONSE; CANOPY GAPS; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; REMOVAL AB As part of the multidisciplinary National Fire and Fire Surrogate study, we used drift fences with pitfall traps from May to September 2003 and 2004 to determine how three fuel reduction techniques affected shrews in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Ground-dwelling macroarthropods also were collected from a subset of pitfall traps to assess relative prey availability among the treatments. Four experimental units, each > 14 ha were contained within each of three replicate blocks. Treatments were (1) prescribed burning; (2) mechanical felling of shrubs and small trees; (3) mechanical felling + burning; (4) forested controls. Mechanical understory felling treatments were conducted in winter 2001-2002, and prescribed burning was conducted in March 2003. High-intensity fires and high tree mortality increased canopy openness in mechanical felling + burn treatment compared to the others. Burning reduced leaf litter depth in both the burned treatments (burn only and mechanical felling + burn), whereas mechanical understory felling alone increased leaf litter depth in that treatment. Dry biomass of ground-dwelling macroarthropods was similar among the treatments and control. We collected a total of 269 shrews of four species during 2003 and 2004, including northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda), smokey shrews (Sorex fumeus), pygmy shrews (S. hoyi), and southeastern shrews (S. longirostris). Relative abundance of all shrews combined and pygmy shrews was lowest in the mechanical felling + burn treatment, but differed significantly only from the mechanical understory felling treatment where the contrast in leaf litter depth was high. Our results indicate that low-intensity fuel reduction treatments, with minimal change to canopy cover or leaf litter depth, have little impact on shrews. However, high-intensity disturbance, such as prescribed burning that kills trees and dramatically reduces shade and leaf litter depth, can reduce the abundance of some shrew species and all shrews combined, at least in the short term. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Clemson Univ, Bob & Betsy Campbell Museum Nat Hist, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 243 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.003 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 176VQ UT WOS:000247113400007 ER PT J AU Schroeder, TA Cohen, WB Yang, ZQ AF Schroeder, Todd A. Cohen, Warren B. Yang, Zhiqiang TI Patterns of forest regrowth following clearcutting in western Oregon as determined from a Landsat time-series SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE tree cover estimation; vegetation change trajectories; forest succession; forest inventory data; Landsat time-series ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; MOUNT ST-HELENS; MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; COASTAL OREGON; TASSELED CAP; TM DATA; SUCCESSION AB The rate at which forest vegetation re-establishes dominance after clearcut harvesting can impact many ecological processes, such as erosion/ sedimentation, nutrient and water cycling, carbon storage potential, wildlife habitat, and trophic interactions. Although knowing a forest stand's current state of succession is useful, a clearer understanding of the impact forest harvesting has on the aforementioned ecological processes can be achieved with a more dynamic characterization of the successional process. To more fully model the continuous nature of forest regrowth following clearcut harvesting we extrapolated percent tree cover data collected by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest Inventory and Analysis program to a cross-normalized Landsat time-series using a date-invariant regression modeling approach. Using three periods of mapped clearcuts we extracted and classified the extrapolated percent tree cover data into four regrowth classes (little to no, slow, moderate and fast). These forest regrowth classes were used to develop frequency distributions describing the landscape patterns of postharvest forest recovery for two ecological provinces in western Oregon. The patterns of forest regrowth observed over the three clearcut periods indicated a much higher percentage of fast regrowth in the Coastal Range Province and a much higher percentage of little to no regrowth in the Western Cascade Province. For both ecological provinces we observed the propensity for faster regrowth on north facing aspects, shallow slopes and at low elevations. The forest regrowth classes and the frequency distributions indicated that a wide range of successional stages could be found in both ecological provinces 18 years after clearcutting. The extension of forest regrowth trajectories to the spectral space of Landsat provided an opportunity to use CART statistical analysis to more fully investigate the climatic and topographic drivers influencing the rate of postharvest forest regrowth. Based on the Kappa statistic, predictions from both CART models were in "fair" to "moderate" agreement with the test samples. Both classification trees yielded ecologically interpretable insights into the environmental attributes influencing forest regrowth rates after clearcutting. In both ecological provinces, elevation followed by potential relative radiation (PRR) explained the largest amount of variation in forest regrowth rates. To gauge the effectiveness of predicting more generalized postharvest forest regrowth rates we combined the four forest regrowth classes into two general "fast" and "slow" categories. Based on the Tau statistic, the CART models correctly classified 12% (CRP) and 26% (WCP) more combined test samples than classification of the four regrowth classes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schroeder, TA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM todd.schroeder@oregonstate.edu NR 59 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 243 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.019 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 176VQ UT WOS:000247113400010 ER PT J AU Bigelow, SW Canham, CD AF Bigelow, Seth W. Canham, Charles D. TI Nutrient limitation of juvenile trees in a northern hardwood forest: Calcium and nitrate are preeminent SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE northern hardwood forest sapling; fundamental niche differentiation; calcium and nitrogen limitation; Michaelis-Menten model; maximum likelihood ID BASE CATION FERTILIZATION; SUGAR MAPLE STANDS; SAPLING GROWTH; SEEDLING REGENERATION; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATE FORESTS; SOIL INTERACTIONS; CROWN VIGOR; NEW-YORK; RESPONSES AB Nitrogen (N) has historically been considered the most important mineral nutrient affecting performance of saplings in transitional northern hardwood forest of eastern North America, but recent attention has focused on the role of exchangeable soil calcium. Relative limitation by these factors may be changing because of enrichment of soil N from atmospheric deposition, and concomitant depletion of soil calcium due to leaching by acidic precipitation. We conducted a fertilization experiment to determine the relative importance of calcium, other base cations, several forms of nitrogen, and aluminum toxicity for the growth of saplings in a forest in northeastern Connecticut, USA. Five broadleaved deciduous and one needle-leaved evergreen species were examined, two of the broadleaved species are most abundant on fertile soil patches, and the other four are most abundant on the more prevalent low-fertility soils. Fertilizer was applied over 3 years to naturally established plants growing across the fertility gradient, and likelihood methods were used to determine whether light-dependent growth rate was affected. Of the two species that occur most frequently on fertile soils, one species responded most strongly to calcium application, and the other to nitrate. Of the four species of poorer soils, one responded to both calcium and ammonium, and the other three showed little response to any soil factor. The results suggest that calcium and nitrogen are of equal importance in determining juvenile growth across the suite of canopy tree species in transitional northern hardwood forest. The strong response of species occurring most commonly on fertile soils is suggestive of fundamental niche differentiation mode of community organization. Ongoing processes of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil calcium depletion from acidic precipitation may change competitive relationships of the canopy tree community of northern hardwood forests. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA FS PSW Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Bigelow, SW (reprint author), USDA FS PSW Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St,Suite A 101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sbigelow@fs.fed.us RI Canham, Charles/F-6161-2011 OI Canham, Charles/0000-0001-8361-9148 NR 65 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 243 IS 2-3 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.027 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 176VQ UT WOS:000247113400015 ER PT J AU Bull, EL Nielsen-Pincus, N Wales, BC Hayes, JL AF Bull, Evelyn L. Nielsen-Pincus, Nicole Wales, Barbara C. Hayes, Jane L. TI The influence of disturbance events on pileated woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; harvest activity; management; Northeast Oregon; pileated woodpeckers; reproduction ID SOUTHEASTERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROOST TREES; HABITAT USE; DRYOCOPUS-PILEATUS; COASTAL FORESTS; CANADA; NEST; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT AB The pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) is a species of conservation concern and an indicator of mature and old forest habitat conditions in the Pacific Northwest. The effects of natural and human-caused disturbance on density of nesting pairs, reproductive success, and traditional home ranges were compared over 30 years in two areas and over 15 years in five additional areas. In one study area, density of nesting pairs of pileated woodpeckers decreased from five to one after extensive regeneration cuts eliminated most of the stands of mature and old-growth grand fir (Abies grandis) and reduced the density of nest and roost trees and foraging substrate since 1990. Density of nesting pairs, reproductive success, and home range location remained fairly consistent over 30 years in a second study area with extensive tree mortality resulting from insect outbreaks but without regeneration harvests. The amount of unharvested stands and closed canopy stands in home ranges were positively correlated with reproductive success, and the amount of area in harvested stands was negatively correlated with reproductive success in 2003-05. High tree mortality and subsequent loss of canopy closure in stands of grand fir and Douglas-fir from insect outbreaks did not appear to be detrimental to pileated woodpeckers provided that dead trees and logs were abundant and that stands were not harvested. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bull, EL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ebull@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 243 IS 2-3 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.031 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 176VQ UT WOS:000247113400016 ER PT J AU Jonsson, NN Miller, RJ Robertson, JL AF Jonsson, N. N. Miller, R. J. Robertson, J. L. TI Critical evaluation of the modified-adult immersion test with discriminating dose bioassay for Boophilus microplus using American and Australian isolates SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; coumaphos; amitraz; cypermethrin; moxidectin; resistance; acaricide AB Similar adult immersion tests (AlTs) for acaricide susceptibility of Boophilus microplus were done in Texas, USA (Munoz strain) and in Queensland, Australia (N-strain and Ultimo isolates). Engorged adult female ticks were immersed in one of a series of dilutions of commercial acaricide in water and then incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Data on oviposition were collected 7 days after exposure to acaricide and subjected to probit analysis. For most data, we observed poor fit to the probit model. Substantial differences in both LC50 and LC99 for the susceptible strains occurred between the respective laboratories and confidence intervals for all acaricides and all strains were unacceptably wide. For amitraz, the discriminating concentration (double the LC99.9 or LC99) recommended by FAO was 0.25%, but our estimates ranged from 0.46% to 9000%. For cypermethrin, the recommended DD was 0.0050%, with our estimates ranging from 0.00022% to 0.74%. For coumaphos the recommended DD was 0.50% but our estimates ranged from 0.66% to 130%. Finally, for moxidectin, the recommended DD was 0.10%, while our estimates ranged from <0.0001% to 5.9%. The method does not provide a means to discriminate between amitraz-susceptible and -resistant, nor between cypermethrin- susceptible and -resistant B. microplus. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. LeOra Software, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. RP Jonsson, NN (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM n.jonsson@uq.edu.au OI Jonsson, Nicholas/0000-0003-3245-9783 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.031 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 171EI UT WOS:000246717300017 PM 17433549 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rajapakse, RPVJ Wijesundera, RRMKK Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Rajapakse, R. P. V. J. Wijesundera, R. R. M. K. K. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Sri Lanka and genetic characterization of the parasite isolates SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; dogs; Sri Lanka; bioassays; antibodies; genotype ID MULTILOCUS PCR-RFLP; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; SOUTH-AMERICA; STRAINS; BRAZIL AB The prevalence of Toxoplastna gondii in 86 street dogs from Sri Lanka was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 58 (67.4%) of 86 dogs with titers of 1:20 in eight, 1:40 in four, 1:80 in 10, 1: 160 in 22, 1:320 in six, 1:640 in five, and 1: 1280 or higher in three. Hearts, tongues, and brains (either separately or pooled) of 50 dogs with MAT titers of 1:40 were selected for isolation of T gondii by bioassays in mice. For bioassays, canine tissues were digested in pepsin and homogenates were inoculated subcutaneously into mice; the mice receiving canine tissues were examined for T gondii infection. In all, T gondii was isolated from 23 dogs. Interestingly, dog organs varied in their capacity to induce T gondii infection in mice, muscles producing more positive results than the brain. The T gondii isolates obtained from 23 seropositive dogs were PCR-RFLP genotyped using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2, and an apicoplast marker Apico. Mixed infection with two genotypes was observed in one dog. Four genotypes were revealed, including three unique genotypes in addition to one belonging to the predominant Type III lineage. The 24 isolates were designated as TgDgS11-24. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Peradeniya, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013; OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108; Wijesundera, Kavindra/0000-0002-3475-2564 NR 17 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.009 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 171EI UT WOS:000246717300022 PM 17442491 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Huong, LTT Sundar, N Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Huong, Lam Thi Thu Sundar, N. Su, C. TI Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in dogs from Vietnam suggests their South American origin SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; dogs; tissues; antibodies; genotype ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; SAO-PAULO; BRAZIL; GENOTYPES; DIVERSE; OOCYSTS; TROPICS; CATS AB Dogs are considered a potential risk for transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans because they can mechanically transmit oocysts to people and in certain parts of the world dog meat is consumed by humans. The prevalence of T gondii in 42 dogs from rural Vietnam was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test, and found in 21 (50%) of 42 dogs with titers of 1:20 in six, 1:40 in seven, 1:80 in two, 1: 160 in two, 1:320 in two, 1:640 in one, and 1: 1280 or higher in one. Hearts, tongues and brains of 21 seropositive dogs were bioassayed in cats, mice or both. Tissues from eight seropositive dogs were fed to eight T gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. T gondii was isolated from eight dogs by bioassay in cats. Genotyping of these eight T gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and a new SAG2, and an apicoplast marker Apico revealed two genotypes. Both genotypes were previously identified from the dog isolates in Colombia, suggesting their South America origin. However, they are different from the predominant Type I, II and III lineages that are widely spread in North America and Europe. This is the first report of isolation of viable T gondii from any host in Vietnam. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Agr & Forestry, Dept Parasitol & Pathobiol, Fac Vet Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JDUBEY@ANRI.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 16 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.008 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 171EI UT WOS:000246717300023 PM 17442492 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Morrical, D Miller, JE AF Burke, J. M. Morrical, D. Miller, J. E. TI Control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating Polypay ewes and offspring in Iowa, USA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; ewes; Haemonchus contortus; lambs; parasites ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; LAMBS AB Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) have been used to reduce infection of Haemonchus contortus in hair breed lambs in southeastern USA without signs of copper toxicity. However, copper sensitivity among breeds and regions varies. The objective was to determine the effectiveness and safety of COWP in lactating Polypay ewes and their offspring grazing alfalfa/bluegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system. Mature Polypay ewes were administered 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g (n = 8 or 9/dose) COWP approximately 60 days after lambing in mid-July 2005. Their offspring were administered 0 (n = 6), 0.5 or 0.75 g (n = 9), 1 or 2 g (n = 6) COWP 2 weeks later in late July. The primary gastrointestinal nematode was H. contortus (70%). Between Days 7 and 35, FEC were greater in 0 and 0.5 g COWP groups compared with ewes administered 2 g COWP (COWP x day, P < 0.004). PCV decreased in all groups of ewes between Days 0 and 21 (day, P < 0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, a measure of liver copper levels, and body weight was similar among groups of ewes. FEC decreased within 7 days in COWP-treated compared with untreated lambs and remained low throughout experiment (COWP x day, P < 0.05). PCV increased in COWP-treated lambs between Days 7 and 35 and decreased in untreated lambs between Days 0 and 21 (COWP x day, P < 0.009). AST activity was similar among groups of lambs. Administration of 2 g COWP to ewes prevented a rise in FEC, but a dose of 0.5 g was ineffective as an anthelmintic. Administration of all doses of COWP to lambs decreased FEC and increased PCV compared to untreated lambs. There were no signs of copper toxicity in ewes or lambs. Alternative suppression of H. contortus infections may be necessary in ewes, but COWP was effective in H. contortus management for lambs. Published by Elsevier BN. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 372 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.013 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 171EI UT WOS:000246717300028 PM 17433548 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Himmelsbach, DS Kays, SE AF Kim, Yookyung Himmelsbach, David S. Kays, Sandra E. TI ATR-Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy for determination of trans fatty acids in ground cereal products without oil extraction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trans fats; ATR/FT-IR; cereal products ID RAPID-DETERMINATION; HYDROGENATED OILS; HEALTH AB Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was investigated as a method of analysis for trans fatty acid content of cereal products without the need for prior oil extraction. Spectra were obtained, with an FT-IR spectrometer equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) device, of ground samples pressed onto the diamond ATR surface, and trans fatty acids were measured by a modification of AOAC Method 996.01. Partial least-squares (PLS) models were developed for the prediction of trans fatty acids in ground samples using several wavenumber selections on the basis of bands related to lipids. The models (n = 79) predicted trans fatty acids in ground samples with standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 1.10-1.25 (range 0-12.4) % and R-2 of 0.85-0.88 and in validation samples (n = 26) with standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.96-1.12 (range 0-12.2) % and r(2) of 0.89-0.92, indicating sufficient accuracy for screening. Sample trans fatty acid % was predicted as accurately with the fingerprint region (1500-900 cm(-1)) as with the entire range (4000-650 cm(-1)) indicating, in concert with the regression coefficients, the importance of the isolated trans double bonds at 966 cm(-1) in development of the model. Data is also presented on prediction of trans fatty acids using the spectra of residual oil films on the ATR surface after removing the solid portion of the sample. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Sandra.kays@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 4327 EP 4333 DI 10.1021/jf063729I PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 170PB UT WOS:000246674800007 PM 17472389 ER PT J AU Liu, K Peterson, KL Raboy, V AF Liu, KeShun Peterson, Kevin L. Raboy, Victor TI Comparison of the phosphorus and mineral concentrations in bran and abraded kernel fractions of a normal barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar versus four low phytic acid isolines SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; minerals; low phytic acid crops; barley; distribution; abraded grains ID WILD-TYPE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; NUTRIENT ELEMENTS; SEED PHOSPHORUS; GRAIN PARTS; WHEAT; PRODUCTS; PHYTATE; RICE; CORN AB Phytic acid consists of 65-80% of the total phosphorus (P) in cereal grains. Its salts are concentrated in the germ and aleurone layers, which are typically removed during milling. We hypothesize that concentrations of different types of P and minerals in milled products will be greatly altered in low phytic acid (Ipa) barleys. Seeds of cv. Harrington (control) and four lpa isolineslpa1-1, Ipa2-1, Ipa3-1, and M955were abraded by a laboratory method into five surface layer and four remaining kernel fractions. Results show that phytic acid in the four lpa lines ranged from 75% to 5% of the control. The decrease in phytic acid P concentration was matched almost equally by an increase in inorganic P, so that the rest of P (the sum of all P-containing compounds other than phytic acid P and inorganic P) and total P levels remained relatively unchanged among the five genotypes. These trends were also observed for the processed fractions. The major mineral elements in barley seeds were P, K, Mg, S, and Ca, while minor ones were Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ba. All types of P and other minerals measured were generally concentrated in the outer layers of the grain. Although there were substantial differences in mineral contents of bran fractions among genotypes, the level of phytic acid P had little effect on mineral contents in whole or abraded kernels. One major exception was Fe, which had the highest level in all tissues of M955 genotype. The above findings were all confirmed by analyzing another set of barley samples grown in a different environment. Thus, in general, breeding lpa barleys does not lead to reduced mineral contents in whole grains or elevated mineral levels in milled products. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grain & Potato Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grain & Potato Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM keshunL@uidaho.edu NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 4453 EP 4460 DI 10.1021/jf0637776 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 170PB UT WOS:000246674800023 PM 17488089 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Manthey, JA Buslig, BS AF Lester, Gene E. Manthey, John A. Buslig, Bela S. TI Organic vs conventionally grown rio red whole grapefruit and juice: Comparison of production inputs, market quality, consumer acceptance, and human health-bioactive compounds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grapefruit (Citrus paradisi); ascorbic acid; citric acid; furanocoumarins; lycopene; naringin; nitrate; sugars; seasonal influence; consumer acceptance ID NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; DRUG INTERACTION; MINERAL CONTENTS; FRUITS; YIELD; FURANOCOUMARINS; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES; COMPONENTS; HESPERIDIN AB Most claims that organic produce is better tasting and more nutritious than nonorganic (conventional) produce are largely unsubstantiated. This is due mainly to a lack of rigor in research studies matching common production variables of both production systems, such as microclimate, soil type, fertilizer elemental concentration, previous crop, irrigation source and application, plant age, and cultivar. The aforementioned production variables common to both production systems were matched for comparison of Texas commercially grown conventional and certified organic Rio Red red-fruited grapefruit. Whole grapefruits from each production system were harvested between 800 and 1000 h at commercial early (November), mid- (January), and late season (March) harvest periods for three consecutive years. Within each harvest season, conventional and organic whole fruits were compared for marketable qualities (fruit weight, specific gravity, peel thickness, and peel color), and juices were compared for marketable qualities (specific gravity, % juice, and color), human health-bioactive compounds (minerals, ascorbic acid, lycopene, sugars, pectin, phenols, and nitrates), and consumer taste intensity and overall acceptance. Conventional fruit was better colored and higher in lycopene, and the juice was less tart, lower in the bitter principle naringin, and better accepted by the consumer panel than the organic fruit. Organic fruit had a commercially preferred thinner peel, and the juice was higher in ascorbic acid and sugars and lower in nitrate and the drug interactive furanocoumarins. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 4474 EP 4480 DI 10.1021/jf070901s PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 170PB UT WOS:000246674800025 PM 17474757 ER PT J AU Skowronski, N Clark, K Nelson, R Hom, J Patterson, M AF Skowronski, Nicholas Clark, Kenneth Nelson, Ross Hom, John Patterson, Matt TI Remotely sensed measurements of forest structure and fuel loads in the Pinelands of New Jersey SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EastFIRE Conference 2005 CY MAY 11-13, 2005 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE single-beam LIDAR; forest biomass; ladder fuels; fuel loads ID CANOPY; PARAMETERS; INVENTORY; ALTIMETRY AB We used a single-beam, first return profiling LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measurements of canopy height, intensive biometric measurements in plots, and Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to quantify forest structure and ladder fuels (defined as vertical fuel continuity between the understory and canopy) in the New Jersey Pinelands. The LIDAR data were recorded at 400 Hz over three intensive areas of 1 km(2) where transects were spaced at 200 m, and along 64 transects spaced 1 km apart (total of ca. 2500 km(2)). LIDAR and field measurements of canopy height were similar in the three intensive study areas, with the 80th percentile of LIDAR returns explaining the greatest amount of variability (79%). Correlations between LIDAR data and aboveground tree biomass measured in the field were highly significant when all three 1 km(2) areas were analyzed collectively, with the 80th percentile again explaining the greatest amount of variability (74%). However, when intensive areas were analyzed separately, correlations were poor for Oak/Pine and Pine/Scrub Oak stands. Similar results were obtained using FIA data; at the landscape scale, mean canopy height was positively correlated with aboveground tree biomass, but when forest types were analyzed separately, correlations were significant only for some wetland forest (Pitch Pine lowlands and mixed hardwoods; r(2)=0.74 and 0.59, respectively), and correlations were poor for upland forests (Oak/Pine, Pine/Oak and Pine/Scrub Oak, r(2)=0.33, 0.11 and 0.21, respectively). When LIDAR data were binned into 1-m height classes, more LIDAR pulses were recorded from the lowest height classes in stands with greater shrub biomass, and significant differences were detected between stands where recent prescribed fire treatments had been conducted and unburned areas. Our research indicates that single-beam LIDAR can be used for regional-scale (forest biomass) estimates, but that relationships between height and biomass can be poorer at finer scales within individual forest types. Binned data are useful for estimating the presence of ladder fuels (vertical continuity of leaves and branches) and horizontal fuel continuity below the canopy. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Clark, K (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, POB 232, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. EM kennethclark@fs.fed.us RI Nelson, Ross/H-8266-2014; Skowronski, Nicholas/N-4417-2013 OI Skowronski, Nicholas/0000-0002-5801-5614 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 2 SI SI BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.032 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 168QO UT WOS:000246539300002 ER PT J AU Wang, WT Qu, JJ Hao, XJ Liu, YQ Sommers, WT AF Wang, Wanting Qu, John J. Hao, Xianjun Liu, Yongqiang Sommers, William T. TI An improved algorithm for small and cool fire detection using MODIS data: A preliminary study in the southeastern United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EastFIRE Conference 2005 CY MAY 11-13, 2005 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE algorithm; remote sensing; MODIS; regional fire detection; small; cool fires ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; PRODUCT AB Traditional fire detection algorithms mainly rely on hot spot detection using thermal infrared (TIR) channels with fixed or contextual thresholds. Three solar reflectance channels (0.65 mu m, 0.86 mu m, and 2.1 mu m) were recently adopted into the MODIS version 4 contextual algorithm to improve the active fire detection. In the southeastern United States, where most fires are small and relatively cool, the MODIS version 4 contextual algorithm can be adjusted and improved for more accurate regional fire detection. Based on the MODIS version 4 contextual algorithm and a smoke detection algorithm, an improved algorithm using four TIR channels and seven solar reflectance channels is described. This approach is presented with fire events in the southeastern United States. The study reveals that the T-22 of most small, cool fires undetected by the MODIS version 4 contextual algorithm is lower than 310 K. The improved algorithm is more sensitive to small, cool fires in the southeast especially for fires detected at large scan angles. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Earth Syst & Geoinformat Sci, EastFIRE Lab, ESGS,Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Qu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Earth Syst & Geoinformat Sci, EastFIRE Lab, ESGS,Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jqu@scs.gmu.edu RI Hao, Xianjun/F-7253-2016; Hao, Xianjun/C-9543-2011 OI Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839; Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 2 SI SI BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 168QO UT WOS:000246539300006 ER PT J AU Pu, RL Li, ZQ Gong, P Csiszar, I Fraser, R Hao, WM Kondragunta, S Weng, FZ AF Pu, Ruiliang Li, Zhanqing Gong, Peng Csiszar, Ivan Fraser, Robert Hao, Wei-Min Kondragunta, Shobha Weng, Fuzhong TI Development and analysis of a 12-year daily 1-km forest fire dataset across North America from NOAA/AVHRR data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EastFIRE Conference 2005 CY MAY 11-13, 2005 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE forest fires; burned area mapping; NOAA/AVHRR data; North America ID CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; AFRICAN SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; TROPICAL SAVANNA; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE; MODIS; VALIDATION; AUSTRALIA; EMISSIONS AB Fires in boreal and temperate forests play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. While forest fires in North America (NA) have been surveyed extensively by U.S. and Canadian forest services, most fire records are limited to seasonal statistics without information on temporal evolution and spatial expansion. Such dynamic information is crucial for modeling fire emissions. Using the daily Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data archived from 1989 to 2000, an extensive and consistent fire product was developed across the entire NA forest regions on a daily basis at 1-km resolution. The product was generated following data calibration, geo-referencing, and the application of an active fire detection algorithm and a burned area mapping algorithm. The spatial-temporal variation of forest fire in NA is analyzed in terms of (1) annual and monthly patterns of fire occurrences in different eco-domains, (2) the influence of topographic factors (elevation zones, aspect classes, and slope classes), and (3) major forest types and eco-regions in NA. It was found that 1) among the 12 years analyzed, 1989 and 1995 were the most severe fire years in NA; 2) the majority of burning occurred during June-July and in low elevation zones (<500 m) with gentle slopes (<10 degrees), except in the dry eco-domain where more fires occurred in higher elevation zones (>2000 m); 3) most fires occurred in the polar ecodomain, sub-arctic eco-division, and in the taiga ( boreal forests), forest-tundras and open woodlands eco-provinces in the boreal forests of Canada. The tendency for multiple bums to occur increases with elevation and slope until about 2500 m elevation and 24 degrees slope, and decreases therefore. In comparison with ground observations, the omission and commission errors are on the order of 20%. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. IRSA, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Assessment & Monitoring Forest & Environm Res, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zlj@atmos.umd.edu RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 55 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 2 SI SI BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.027 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 168QO UT WOS:000246539300010 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Miller, WG Horn, ST Lastovica, AJ AF Parker, Craig T. Miller, William G. Horn, Sharon T. Lastovica, Albert J. TI Common genomic features of Campylobacter jejuni subsp doylei strains distinguish them from C-jejuni subsp jejuni SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; DNA MICROARRAY; REVEALS; DIVERSITY; TOXIN; COLI; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGEN; LOCI; PHYLOGENOMICS AB Background: Campylobacter jejuni has been divided into two subspecies: C. jejuni subsp. jejuni (Cjj) and C. jejuni subsp. doylei (Cjd). Nearly all of the C. jejuni strains isolated are Cjj; nevertheless, although Cjd strains are isolated infrequently, they differ from Cjj in two key aspects: they are obtained primarily from human clinical samples and are associated often with bacteremia, in addition to gastroenteritis. In this study, we utilized multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and a DNA microarray-based comparative genomic indexing (CGI) approach to examine the genomic diversity and gene content of Cjd strains. Results: A geographically diverse collection of eight Cjd strains was examined by MLST and determined to be phylogenetically distinct from Cjj strains. Microarray-based CGI approach also supported this. We were able to demonstrate that Cjd strains exhibited divergence from Cjj strains NCTC 11168 and RM1221 in many of the intraspecies hypervariable regions. Moreover, multiple metabolic, transport and virulence functions (e.g. cytolethal distending toxin) were shown to be absent in the Cjd strains examined. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that Cjd are phylogenetically distinct from Cjj strains. Using the CGI approach, we identified subsets of absent genes from amongst the C. jejuni genes that provide clues as to the potential evolutionary origin and unusual pathogenicity of Cjd. C1 USDA, ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM parker@pw.usda.gov; bmiller@pw.usda.gov; hummingbrd_99@yahoo.com; lastovic@curie.uct.ac.za FU Wellcome Trust NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 50 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-7-50 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 185FI UT WOS:000247696400001 PM 17535437 ER PT J AU Ao, Z Quezada-Calvillo, R Sim, L Nichols, BL Rose, DR Sterchi, EE Hamaker, BR AF Ao, Zihua Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Sim, Lyann Nichols, Buford L. Rose, David R. Sterchi, Erwin E. Hamaker, Bruce R. TI Evidence of native starch degradation with human small intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (recombinant) SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE human; small intestine; maltase-glucoamylase; starch; granule; enzyme ID SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; GLYCOSIDASE; DIGESTION; SALACINOL; GRANULE; ENZYME; BARLEY; SITE AB Action of human small intestinal brush border carbohydrate digesting enzymes is thought to involve only final hydrolysis reactions of oligosaccharides to monosaccharides. In vitro starch digestibility assays use fungal amyloglucosidase to provide this function. In this study, recombinant N-terminal subunit enzyme of human small intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (rhMGAM-N) was used to explore digestion of native starches from different botanical sources. The susceptibilities to enzyme hydrolysis varied among the starches. The rate and extent of hydrolysis of amylomaize-5 and amylomaize-7 into glucose were greater than for other starches. Such was not observed with fungal amyloglucosidase or pancreatic alpha-amylase. The degradation of native starch granules showed a surface furrowed pattern in random, radial, or tree-like arrangements that differed substantially from the erosion patterns of amyloglucosidase or a-amylase. The evidence of raw starch granule degradation with rhMGAM-N indicates that pancreatic alpha-amylase hydrolysis is not a requirement for native starch digestion in the human small intestine. (c) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, CIEP, Fac Ciencias Quim, San Luis Potosi 78360, SLP, Mexico. Univ Toronto, Div Canc Genom & Proteom, Ontario Canc Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Hamaker, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hamakerb@purdue.edu NR 19 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 581 IS 13 BP 2381 EP 2388 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.035 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 176LW UT WOS:000247087600001 PM 17485087 ER PT J AU Wagner, MM Gobster, PH AF Wagner, Mimi M. Gobster, Paul H. TI Interpreting landscape change: Measured biophysical change and surrounding social context SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE integrated research; GIS; social assessment; qualitative analysis; participatory assessments ID VALUES; USA AB Although research assessing both biophysical landscape conditions and social perceptions provide critical data on change, these methods are seldom integrated. In this study, we examined landscape change in the Central Iowa region by pairing quantitative data on changes to natural areas, streams, and housing density over the past 60 years with a qualitative social assessment of current resident stakeholders' interpretations of these changes. We found participants intuitively curious about and interested in landscape change within their region, and their interpretations of change to be fairly complex. Perceptions of change generally included an evaluative assessment, which often served to place measures of landscape salient to residents within a dualistic framework. This perspective both colored the data regarding landscape change and directed them to focus on attributes of change that the quantitative assessment did not. Finally, participants sometimes varied in their ability to assess change among metrics. These findings suggest how data gathering activities might be better sequenced and how metrics might better constructed to improve the utility and robustness of both participatory and non-participatory landscape change assessments. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, Coll Design, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Wagner, MM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, Coll Design, 146, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mimiw@iastate.edu; pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.019 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 176KP UT WOS:000247084200007 ER PT J AU Giovannoni, JJ AF Giovannoni, James J. TI Completing a pathway to plant vitamin C synthesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARABIDOPSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd,Cornell Univ Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9109 EP 9110 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703222104 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700004 PM 17517613 ER PT J AU Essery, R Marks, D AF Essery, Richard Marks, Danny TI Scaling and parametrization of clear-sky solar radiation over complex topography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; SNOW COVER; UNITED-STATES; GRID-SCALE; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY; CLIMATE; FLUXES AB [1] Solar radiation at the land surface is influenced by slope, aspect, shadows, and obstruction of the sky, all of which vary over a wide range of length scales in regions of complex topography, with important consequences for the surface energy balance. Atmospheric models, however, generally assume the surface to be flat on subgrid scales. For four areas in North America, ranging in latitude from 39N to 69N and in topography from rolling to mountainous, we simulate spatial patterns of clear-sky incoming solar radiation. It is found that distributions of slope components and variations in shaded area with solar elevation can be approximated by simple functions that scale to each of the areas studied. From these results, parametrizations are developed for averages, standard deviations, and distributions of direct-beam and diffuse solar radiation. Results from these parametrizations, and from a modified form of a simpler parametrization presented previously, compare well with statistics from the spatial simulations. The only topographic input required by the parametrizations is the standard deviation of slope components; this parameter is again found to have simple scaling relationships with the resolution and extent of the underlying elevation grid and with the standard deviation of elevation. C1 Univ Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Ctr Glaciol, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Essery, R (reprint author), Univ Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Ctr Glaciol, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. EM rie@aber.ac.uk OI Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10122 DI 10.1029/2006JD007650 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AV UT WOS:000246846800003 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Palmer, GH Knowles, DP AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Palmer, Guy H. Knowles, Donald P. TI Evidence of proviral clearance following postpartum transmission of an ovine lentivirus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE lentivirus; OPPV; maedi; transmission; colostrum; milk ID MAEDI-VISNA-VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE-PNEUMONIA-VIRUS; AUTOLOGOUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; SURFACE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; BREAST-MILK; CELL-FREE; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; INFECTED EWES AB Lentiviral transmission by transfer of infected colostrum and/or milk is considered to be highly efficient. In this study, postpartum transmission of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) from 10 naturally infected ewes to their 23 lambs was followed from the perinatal period throughout a four-year period. The lambs were allowed to suckle from their darn from birth through 32 weeks of age. Virus was tracked by virus isolation, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and anti-OPPV antibody responses as measured by cELISA. Cell-associated OPPV was isolated from colostrum/milk cells in 7 out of 10 ewes and provirus envelope (env) loads ranged 8 to 105 copies/mu g DNA in colostrum/milk cells from the 10 ewes using qPCR. Provirus env loads were also detected in the peripheral circulation of 21 lambs at 8 weeks and two lambs at 22 weeks. The qPCR product at 8 weeks was confirmed as the transmembrane (tm) gene of OPPV by cloning and sequencing. Both cELISA titers ranging from 325 to 3125 and cross-neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 6 to 162 to seven different OPPV strains were found in the colostrum of the 10 ewes. Furthermore, cELISA titers in serum from lambs remained detectable through 32 weeks following the clearance of provirus at 24 weeks. After 32 weeks, both provirus and anti-OPPV antibody responses have subsequently remained undetectable through 4 years of age. These data suggest the clearance of cell-associated lentiviruses from lamb circulation after passive transfer of antibody via colostrum. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 1 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.12.021 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 168ZU UT WOS:000246563300023 PM 17267002 ER PT J AU Ibragimov, N Evett, SR Esanbekov, Y Kamilov, BS Mirzaev, L Lamers, JPA AF Ibragimov, Nazirbay Evett, Steven R. Esanbekov, Yusupbek Kamilov, Bakhtiyor S. Mirzaev, Lutfullo Lamers, John P. A. TI Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cotton; drip irrigation; furrow irrigation; irrigation scheduling; water use efficiency; neutron moisture meter ID LINT YIELD AB The main goal of this research was to measure cotton water use, and to determine irrigation water scheduling parameters associated with optimal seed-lint yield and irrigation water use efficiency, which are poorly understood in the Central Asian Republic of Uzbekistan. A cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field experiment with drip irrigation in comparison to furrow (conventional) irrigation was conducted on a deep silt loam soil (Calcic Xerosol) at the Central Experiment Station of the Uzbekistan National Cotton Growing Research Institute at Tashkent in 2003, 2004 and 2005. To investigate irrigation scheduling, the field capacity (Fc) index was adopted, which was 0.30 m(3) m(-3) in this soil. Irrigations were scheduled when soil water in the root zone was depleted to specific fractions of Fc, e.g., 70% of Fc, for each of three main plant growth periods (germination-squaring; squaring-flowering; beginning of maturation-maturation). Crop water use, which we here define as the sum of transpiration and evaporation, was established using the soil water balance approach on a weekly basis. Soil profile water content was determined using a neutron moisture meter (NMM), which was calibrated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) access tubes for each differing soil layer. Under drip irrigation and the optimal mode (70-70-60% of Fc) of irrigation scheduling, 18-42% of the irrigation water was saved in comparison with furrow irrigated cotton grown under the same condition; and irrigation water use efficiency increased by 35-103% compared with that of furrow irrigation. Seed-lint cotton yield was increased 10-19% relative to that for furrow irrigated cotton. The irrigation scheduling rule developed here should be considered an improved practice for drip irrigated cotton that is applicable to irrigated Calcic Xerosols of Uzbekistan. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Uzbekistan Natl Cotton Growing Res Inst, Tashkent 702133, Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan Sci Prod Ctr Agr, Tashkent 700000, Uzbekistan. Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.01.016 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 171OT UT WOS:000246746000012 ER PT J AU Cameira, MR Fernando, RM Ahuja, LR Ma, L AF Cameira, M. R. Fernando, R. M. Ahuja, L. R. Ma, L. TI Using RZWQM to simulate the fate of nitrogen in field soil-crop environment in the Mediterranean region SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RZWQM; model calibration; model validation; nitrogen balance; nitrate leaching; nitrogen root uptake; non-point source pollution ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; IRRIGATED MAIZE; COMPONENT; DRAINAGE; NO3-N; CORN AB This paper presents an evaluation of the root zone water quality model (RZWQM) for assessing the fate of N in the soil-crop environment at the field scale in Portugal under two distinct agricultural systems; one consists of a grain corn planted in a silty loam soil with level basins (flood) irrigation and the other a forage corn planted in a sandy soil with sprinkler irrigation. Water balance and crop growth were reported in a previous study [Cameira, M.R., Fernando, R.M., Ahuja, L., Pereira, L.S., 2005. Simulating the fate of water in field soil-crop environment. J. Hydrol. 315, 1-241 using RZWQM. This study reports RZWQM simulated nitrogen transformation, uptake and transport in the two soil-crop systems with emphasis on the calibration of the soil organic matter pools and selected soil N transformation processes (mineralization, hydrolysis and nitrification), using 2 years of data (1996 and 1997). The criterion for model calibration was that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulations was lower than the average standard deviation of measured data (MSD) for the simulation period. A third year (1998) was used to validate the model performance under four different fertilization management practices. Predicted corn grain yield was within 1.1% of measured values. The error varied between -10 and 2.4% for forage corn. N uptake was predicted with an error of 2.8% for grain corn and between -13 and -3% for forage corn. For the silty loam soil and during the crop season, nitrate-N in the soil profile was predicted with a RMSE lower than the MSD. For the sandy soil, RMSE was lower than MSD for one fertilizer treatment and slightly higher for the other two treatments. The prediction of the residual nitrate-N in the soil, after crop harvest, presented errors ranging from 18 to 37%. The results show that the model was able to predict N related variables for the two soil-crop systems and for the different boundary conditions (irrigation and fertilization) with a good accuracy. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Agr Engn, Inst Agron, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Cameira, MR (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Agr Engn, Inst Agron, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal. EM roscameira@isa.utl.pt RI Fernando, Rui/F-9204-2010; Cameira, Maria/F-8982-2010; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI Cameira, Maria/0000-0002-2186-5172; feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.03.002 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 171OT UT WOS:000246746000013 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Norman, JM Mecikalski, JR Otkin, JA Kustas, WP AF Anderson, Martha C. Norman, John M. Mecikalski, John R. Otkin, Jason A. Kustas, William P. TI A climatological study of evapotranspiration and moisture stress across the continental United States based on thermal remote sensing: 1. Model formulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY-BALANCE; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LAND-SURFACE; HEAT-FLUX; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; ESTIMATING EVAPORATION; INCOMPLETE COVER; 2-SOURCE MODEL; SATELLITE DATA AB [1] Due to the influence of evaporation on land-surface temperature, thermal remote sensing data provide valuable information regarding the surface moisture status. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model uses the morning surface temperature rise, as measured from a geostationary satellite platform, to deduce surface energy and water fluxes at 5 - 10 km resolution over the continental United States. Recent improvements to the ALEXI model are described. Like most thermal remote sensing models, ALEXI is constrained to work under clear-sky conditions when the surface is visible to the satellite sensor, often leaving large gaps in the model output record. An algorithm for estimating fluxes during cloudy intervals is presented, defining a moisture stress function relating the fraction of potential evapotranspiration obtained from the model on clear days to estimates of the available water fraction in the soil surface layer and root zone. On cloudy days, this stress function is inverted to predict the soil and canopy fluxes. The method is evaluated using flux measurements representative at the watershed scale acquired in central Iowa with a dense flux tower network during the Soil Moisture Experiment of 2002 (SMEX02). The gap-filling algorithm reproduces observed fluxes with reasonable accuracy, yielding similar to 20% errors in ET at the hourly timescale, and 15% errors at daily timesteps. In addition, modeled soil moisture shows reasonable response to major precipitation events. This algorithm is generic enough that it can easily be applied to other thermal energy balance models. With gap-filling, the ALEXI model can estimate hourly surface fluxes at every grid cell in the U. S. modeling domain in near real-time. A companion paper presents a climatological evaluation of ALEXI-derived evapotranspiration and moisture stress fields for the years 2002 - 2004. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 Rm 104 BARC-W,Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manderson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 80 TC 187 Z9 197 U1 8 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10117 DI 10.1029/2006JD007506 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AS UT WOS:000246846500003 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ AF Doll, Kenneth M. Sharma, Brajendra K. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Synthesis of branched methyl hydroxy stearates including an ester from bio-based levulinic acid SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL; N-ALKYL GLUCAMINES; MOONEY SCORCH TIME; GEMINI SURFACTANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VEGETABLE-OILS; NATURAL-RUBBER; OXIRANE RING; FATTY-ACIDS; EPOXIDATION AB We report the synthesis of five useful branched methyl alpha-hydroxy stearate esters from commercially available methyl oleate and common organic acids. Of special interest is the synthesis utilizing the natural byproduct, levulinic acid. The other common organic acids, used herein, were propionic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The kinetics of the ring opening reaction were studied under pseudo-first-order conditions in the propionic acid system. An Arrhenius activation energy of 66.7 kJ mol(-1) (16.0 kcal mol(-1)) was found. One product, the octanoic ester of methyl hydroxy stearate, was shown to have pour point, cloud point, and viscosity indices of -31 degrees C, -33 degrees C, and 101, respectively, all favorable properties in the synthesis of a bio-based lubrication fluid. These products may also prove useful in the synthesis of agriculturally based surfactants and fuel additives. C1 ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3513 EP 3519 DI 10.1021/ie070127y PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 167XM UT WOS:000246485900005 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Hu, JS AF Gelman, Dale B. Hu, Jing S. TI Critical feeding periods for last instar nymphal and pharate adults of the whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whitefly; feeding; eclosion; fecundity; longevity ID SPOTTED LONGICORN BEETLE; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; PSACOTHEA-HILARIS; METAMORPHOSIS; ALEYRODIDAE; SIZE; MOLT AB A critical feeding period is the time after which 50% of a given species of insect can be removed from its food source and complete development by undergoing adult eclosion. The critical feeding period was determined for the greenhouse white fly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Biotype B) (Homptera/Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae). Fourth (last) instar and pharate adult whiteflies were removed from green bean leaves, staged, placed on filter paper in small Petri dishes containing drops of water, and observed daily for eclosion. For T. vaporariorum reared at 25 degrees C and L:D 16:8, 55 and 80% adult eclosion were observed when whiteflies were removed at stages 4 (0.23-0.26 mm in body depth) and 5 (>= 0.27 mm in body depth), respectively, so that at least 50% eclosion was only achieved in this species of whitefly when adult eye development had already been initiated (in Stage 4), and 80% eclosion when adult wing development had been initiated (Stage 5). In contrast, 63% of B. tabaci emerged as adults if removed from the leaf at Stage 3 (0.18-0.22 mm in body depth), and 80% emerged if removed at Stage 4/5, stages in which adult formation had not yet been initiated. The mean number of eggs laid by experimental (those removed at Stages 4-5, 6-7 or 8-9) and control (those that remained on the leaf prior to eclosion) whiteflies, and the mean percent hatch of these eggs were not significantly different in experimental and control groups. Stages 7, 8 and 9 are characterized by a light red adult eye, medium red bipartite adult eye and dark red or red-black bipartite adult eye, respectively. Mean adult longevity also was not significantly different between experimental and control groups. However, for all groups of T. vaporariorum, adult female longevity was significantly (at least 2 times) greater than male longevity. Our results identify the critical feeding periods for last instar/pharate adults of two important pest species of whitefly. Since in both species of whitefly the critical feeding period is achieved when weight gain reaches a plateau, it appears that the critical feeding period is more closely correlated with the attainment of a critical weight than with either the time that ecdsyteroid titers first peak or the time when adult development is initiated. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dale.gelman@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 33 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171KV UT WOS:000246735700001 PM 20302459 ER PT J AU Lee, NH Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Lee, Nam Ho Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Isolation of chromanone and isobenzofuran derivatives from a fungicolous isolate of Epicoccum purpurascens SO BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fungus; Epicoccum purpurascens; natural product; isolation ID NIGRUM; METABOLITES; FUNGI; BORNE C1 Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Cheju 690756, South Korea. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Agr Res Serv, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lee, NH (reprint author), Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Cheju 690756, South Korea. EM namho@cheju.ac.kr NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0253-2964 J9 B KOR CHEM SOC JI Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 877 EP 879 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 182LS UT WOS:000247506700036 ER PT J AU Kromroy, K Ward, K Castillo, P Juzwik, J AF Kromroy, Kathryn Ward, Kathleen Castillo, Paul Juzwik, Jennifer TI Relationships between urbanization and the oak resource of the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan area from 1991 to 1998 SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE urban indicator; Quercus; impervious surface; developed land; population; forest; patch ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; FORESTS AB Urbanization was associated with loss and transformation of the oak forest in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) metropolitan area (TCMA) over a recent 7-year interval. Between 1991 and 1998, urbanization increased based on several indicators: population density, area of developed land, and area of impervious surface - total impervious area and area within three classes of increasing degree of imperviousness (protected, affected, and degraded). We quantified relationships between changes in urbanization and changes in several parameters describing the oak forest at the scale of ecological subsection. Increased total and affected impervious area were strongly correlated with decreased area of oak forest when changes of the urbanization indicators and oak were expressed as percentages of the subsection area. Relationships were reversed when changes were expressed as percentages of the 1991 values. Increased population density was strongly correlated with increased loss in numbers and increased isolation of oak patches, but weakly correlated with loss of oak forest area. This is the first study to quantify relationships between changes in urbanization and changes in a specific forest cover type. Our results demonstrate complexities of urbanization impacts on a metropolitan forest resource, and highlight the importance of selected variables, spatial and temporal scales, and expressions of change when quantifying these relationships. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kromroy, K (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, 625 Robert St N, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM Kathryn.Kromroy@state.mn.us NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.09.002 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 171NK UT WOS:000246742500003 ER PT J AU Barrett, TM Zuuring, HR Christopher, T AF Barrett, Tara M. Zuuring, Hans R. Christopher, Treg TI Interpretation of forest characteristics from computer-generated images SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE computer visualization; decision support systems; vegetation modeling; public communication ID UNITED-STATES; VISUALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPES AB The need for effective communication in the management and planning of forested landscapes has led to a substantial increase in the use of visual information. Using forest plots from California, Oregon, and Washington, and a survey of 183 natural resource professionals in these states, we examined the use of computer-generated images to convey information about forest characteristics. Age and density (basal area (BA)) were underestimated for large, old, dense forest and overestimated for small, young, open forest. While accuracy of responses for density, tree size, and age of forest plot images was low, the ordering of such images by these attributes did correspond to the actual forest plot characteristics. Alterations to the standard image were made for three of the forest plots, including alterations for the area depicted, the incorporation of understory vegetation and fallen trees, the addition of a truck, and regular and clumpy individual tree spacing. Image alterations did affect some mean responses for tree size, density, fire hazard, vertical stratification, and forest age. Results show managers and planners may need to exercise caution and supplement images with additional information to avoid miscommunication about the nature of current and projected forest landscapes. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Barrett, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3301 C St Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tbarrett@fs.fed.us; hans.zuuring@cfc.umt.edu; treg.christopher@uvm.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.09.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 171NK UT WOS:000246742500005 ER PT J AU Taliercio, EW Boykin, D AF Taliercio, Earl W. Boykin, Deborah TI Analysis of gene expression in cotton fiber initials SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOT HAIR DEVELOPMENT; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; CELL ELONGATION; CDNA LIBRARY; GOSSYPIUM; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; OVULES; DIFFERENTIATION AB Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers are trichomes that initiate from the ovule epidermis. Little is known about the developmental pathway causing fiber to differentiate from ovular epidermal cells even though limits on the number of cells that differentiate into fiber will limit yield. Results: A method was developed to isolate RNA from fiber initials 1 day post anthesis (dpa). Complementary DNA libraries representing 1 dpa fibers and other cotton tissues were sequenced and analyzed. Assembly of G. hirsutum Expressed Sequenced Tags ( ESTs) identified over 11,000 sequences not previously represented in GenBank. New genes identified among these ESTs were represented on microarrays. The microarrays were used to identify genes enriched in fiber initials (1 dpa fibers) and elongating fibers. Analyses of Gene Ontologies (GO) of differentially expressed genes determined that terms associated with the "membranes" were statistically over represented among genes increased in expression in fiber initials and 10 dpa fibers. Staining ovules with a fluorescent dye confirmed an increase in Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) occurred in fiber initials on the day of anthesis, persisted through 3 dpa and was absent in a fiberless mutant. Two genes similar to the CAPRICE/ TRIPTYCHON (CPC) gene that inhibits differentiation of leaf trichomes in Arabidopsis were also characterized. Genes associated with novel regulation of brassinosterols, GTP mediated signal transduction and cell cycle control and components of a Ca+2 mediated signaling pathway were identified. Staining of cellular Ca+2 indicated that fiber initials had more Ca+2 than other ovule cells supporting a role for Ca+2 in fiber development. Conclusion: Analysis of genes expressed in fiber initials identified a unique stage in fiber development characterized by an increase in ER and Ca+2 levels that occurred between 0 and 1 dpa. The gene similar to CPC has a MYB domain but appears to lack a transcription activating domain similar to the Arabisopsis gene. The method used to stain the ER also can be used to count fiber initials and showed fiber cells develop from adjacent cells unlike leaf trichomes. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Taliercio, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM earl.taliercio@ars.usda.gov; dboykin@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 22 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-7-22 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 185DT UT WOS:000247692300001 PM 17506877 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Shelver, WL AF Van Emon, Jeanette M. Shelver, Weilin L. TI Introduction, recent advances in immunochemistry and their application to agrochemicals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. USDA, Fargo, ND 58015 USA. RP Van Emon, JM (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3749 EP 3749 DI 10.1021/jf070251s PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200001 PM 17455955 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Kamp, LM Church, JL Rubio, FM AF Shelver, Weilin L. Kamp, Lisa M. Church, Jennifer L. Rubio, Fernando M. TI Measurement of triclosan in water using a magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 232nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE ELISA; immunoassay; residue; water monitoring; triclosan ID WASTE-WATER; SURFACE WATERS; BACTERICIDE TRICLOSAN; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DETROIT RIVER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; PRODUCTS; FISH AB A sensitive magnetic particle-based immunoassay to determine triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol] in drinking water and wastewater was developed. Rabbit antiserum was produced by immunizing the rabbit with 6-[5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]hexanoic acid-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Horseradish peroxidase was conjugated with 4-[3-bromo-4-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)phenoxy]butyric acid via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). The triclosan antibody was coupled to magnetic particles via the NHS/EDC reaction. The antibodies were able to recognize some structurally related polybrominated biphenyl ethers but did not recognize various common pollutants that were less similar to the hapten. The ELISA could detect triclosan in standard solution (25% methanol/H2O v/v) at 20 ppt and its metabolite, methyl-triclosan, at 15 ppt. Water samples from different treatment stages were prepared to contain 25% methanol and analyzed directly without any sample extraction or preconcentration. The results showed that recoveries were > 80% and the % CV was < 10%, demonstrating the assay was both accurate and precise. Application of the triclosan ELISA to water treatment plants showed that tap water at various purification stages had low concentrations of triclosan (< 20 ppt) and required an increased sample size for appropriate detection and measurement. Application of ELISA to the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) demonstrated high concentrations of triclosan (in general, > 3000 ppt in water entering the WWTP) with the levels decreasing as the water proceeded through the processing plant (< 500 ppt at outflow sewage). The ELISA measurement was shown to be equivalent to the more specific GC-MS analysis on a number of wastewater treatment samples with a high degree of correlation, with the exception of a few samples with very high triclosan concentrations (> 5000 ppt). Measurement of methyl-triclosan (in WWTP) using GC-MS demonstrated the levels of this compound to be low. In summary, a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and precise magnetic particle-based immunoassay has been developed for triclosan analysis, which can serve as a cost-effective monitoring tool for various water samples. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3758 EP 3763 DI 10.1021/jf0632841 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200003 PM 17455947 ER PT J AU Lin, CH Lerch, RN Garrett, HE Li, YX George, MF AF Lin, C. H. Lerch, R. N. Garrett, H. E. Li, Y.-X. George, M. F. TI Improved HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in soils and forage plants SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; herbicide; tandem mass spectrometry; diketonitrile; benzoic acid metabolite; LC-MS/MS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATRAZINE DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HERBICIDES; DISCOVERY; RESIDUES; WATER; ACIDS AB A robust multi-residue procedure is needed for the analysis of the pro-herbicide isoxaflutole and its degradates in soil and plant materials at environmentally relevant (< 1 mu g kg(-1)) levels. An analytical method using turbo-spray and heat-nebulizer high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of isoxaflutole (IXF) and its two metabolites, diketonitrile (DKN) and the benzoic acid metabolite (BA), at sub-microgram per kilogram levels in soil and plant samples. The average recoveries of the three compounds in spiked soil and plant samples ranged from 84 to 110% and 94 to 105%, respectively. The limits of quantification were validated at 0.06 mu g kg(-1) for soil and 0.3 mu g kg(-1) for plant samples. The limits of detection (LOD) for soil analysis were 0.01, 0.002, and 0.01 mu g kg(-1) for IXF, DKN, and BA, respectively. Corresponding LOD for the plant analysis method were 0.05, 0.01, and 0.05 mu g kg(-1). The developed method was validated using forage grass and soil samples collected from a field lysimeter study in which IXF was applied to each of four forage treatments. Forage plants and soils were sampled for analyses 25 days after IXF application to the soil. In soils, IXF was not detected in any treatment, and DKN was the predominant metabolite found. In forage plants, the concentrations of DKN and BA were 10-100-fold higher than that in soil samples, but IXF was not detected in any forage plants. The much higher proportion of BA to DKN in plant tissues (23-53%), as compared to soils (0-5%), suggested that these forages were capable of detoxifying DKN. The developed methods provided LODs at sub-microgram per kilogram levels to determine the fate of IXF and its metabolites in soils and forage plants, and they also represent considerable improvements in extraction recovery rates and detection sensitivity as compared to previous analytical methods for these compounds. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Xenobiot Labs Inc, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Linchu@missouri.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3805 EP 3815 DI 10.1021/jf063322g PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200010 PM 17432871 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Lee, SK Kim, EO Oh, JH Yoon, KS Parris, N Hicks, KB Moreau, RA AF Choi, Sang Won Lee, Sung Kwon Kim, Eun Ok Oh, Ji Hae Yoon, Kyung Sup Parris, Nicholas Hicks, Kevin B. Moreau, Robert A. TI Antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of polyamine conjugates from corn bran and related hydroxycinnamic acids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn bran; polyamine conjugates; hydroxycinnamic acids; active oxygen species; antioxidants; tyrosinase; melanin synthesis ID RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; FERULIC ACID; CAFFEIC ACID; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; BENZOIC-ACIDS; WHEAT BRAN; HYDROXYL; DERIVATIVES; DISEASE AB The antioxidant activity of three major polyamine conjugates, N,N'-dicoumaroyl-putrescine (DCP), N-p-coumaroyl-N'-feruloylputrescine (CFP), and N,N'-diferuloyl-putrescine (DFP) isolated from corn bran, and their related hydroxycinnamic acids, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid, were evaluated by three antioxidant in vitro assay systems, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated by enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions. Additionally, five phenolic compounds were evaluated for melanogenesis inhibitory activity using mushroom tyrosinase and B16 melanoma cells. Most of the phenolic compounds significantly scavenged DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, DFP showed potent DPPH (IC50 = 38.46 mu M) and superoxide (IC50 = 291.62 mu M) radical scavenging activities, while DCP exhibited the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 120.55 mu M). CFP also exerted moderate DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Meanwhile, DCP (IC50 = 181.73 mu M) showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity toward L-tyrosine as the substrate, whereas DFP (IC50 = 733.64 mu M) significantly inhibited melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. These current results indicate that these three polyamine conjugates from corn bran may be useful potential sources of natural antioxidants and skin-whitening agents. C1 Catholic Univ Daegu, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Gyeongbuk 712702, South Korea. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Catholic Univ Daegu, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Gyeongbuk 712702, South Korea. EM swchoi@cu.ac.kr OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3920 EP 3925 DI 10.1021/jf0635154 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200026 PM 17397179 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AK Holtman, KM Shey, J Chiou, BS Berrios, J Wood, D Orts, WJ Imam, SH AF Glenn, Gregory M. Klamczynski, Artur K. Holtman, Kevin M. Shey, Justin Chiou, Bor-Sen Berrios, Jose Wood, Delilah Orts, William J. Imam, Syed H. TI Heat expanded starch-based compositions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polystyrene foam; packaging; molding; biopolymer ID FOAMS AB A heat expansion process similar to that used for expanded bead polystyrene was used to expand starch-based compositions. Foam beads made by solvent extraction had the appearance of polystyrene beads but did not expand when heated due to an open-cell structure. Nonporous beads, pellets, or particles were made by extrusion or by drying and milling cooked starch slurries. The samples expanded into a low-density foam by heating 190-210 degrees C for more than 20 s at ambient pressures. Formulations containing starch (50-85%), sorbitol (5-15%), glycerol (4-12%), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL, 5-15%), and water (10-20%) were studied. The bulk density was negatively correlated to sorbitol, glycerol, and water content. Increasing the EVAL content increased the bulk density, especially at concentrations higher than 15%. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) increased the bulk density more than EVAL. The bulk density was lowest in samples made of wheat and potato starch as compared to corn starch. The expansion temperature for the starch pellets decreased more than 20 degrees C as the moisture content was increased from 10 to 25%. The addition of EVAL in the formulations decreased the equilibrium moisture content of the foam and reduced the water absorption during a 1 h soaking period. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmg@pw.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3936 EP 3943 DI 10.1021/jf0630163 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200028 PM 17432870 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Eller, FJ Wang, LP Jane, JL Wang, T Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Eller, Fred J. Wang, Liping Jane, Jay-Lin Wang, Tong Inglett, George E. TI Oil and tocopherol content and composition of pumpkin seed oil in 12 cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE pumpkin seed oil; pumpkin seed; oilseed; winter squash; Cucurbitaceae; fatty acid; tocopherol ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; CUCURBITA-PEPO L; VITAMIN-E CONTENT; BUFFALO GOURD; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VEGETABLE-OILS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; DIETARY-FAT; EXTRACTION AB Twelve pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita maxima D.), cultivated in Iowa, were studied for their seed oil content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. Oil content ranged from 10.9 to 30.9%. Total unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 73.1 to 80.5%. The predominant fatty acids present were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars for stearic, oleic, linoleic, and gadoleic acid content of oil. Low linolenic acid levels were observed (< 1%). The tocopherol content of the oils ranged from 27.1 to 75.1 mu g/g of oil for alpha-tocopherol, from 74.9 to 492.8 mu g/g for gamma-tocopherol, and from 35.3 to 1109.7 mu g/g for delta-tocopherol. The study showed potential for pumpkin seed oil from all 12 cultivars to have high oxidative stability that would be suitable for food and industrial applications, as well as high unsaturation and tocopherol content that could potentially improve the nutrition of human diets. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Prod Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Stevenson@ars.usda.gov NR 113 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 4005 EP 4013 DI 10.1021/jf0706979 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200038 PM 17439238 ER PT J AU Fu, CJJ Jez, JM Kerley, MS Allee, GL Krishnan, HB AF Fu, Chunjiang J. Jez, Joseph M. Kerley, Monty S. Allee, Gary L. Krishnan, Hari B. TI Identification, characterization, epitope mapping, and three-dimensional modeling of the alpha-subunit of beta-conglycinin of soybean, a potential allergen for young pigs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE allergens; epitope mapping; beta-conglycinin; pig; soybean meal; three-dimensional structure ID SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETE REMOVAL; G2 GLYCININ ALLERGEN; M BD 30K; ANIMAL-MODELS; IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; WEANED PIGLETS; ARA H-3; PROTEINS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION AB Soybean meal (SBM), the major byproduct of soybean oil extraction, is the main protein source for swine diets globally. In the United States, 8.6 million metric tons of SBM was used in swine rations in 2004. The pathological effect and immunological response of SBM feeding have been demonstrated in swine. In this study, we have utilized plasma collected from piglet feed with SBM in immunoblot analysis to detect proteins that elicited antigenic responses. We have identified soybean beta-conglycinin alpha-subunit as being a potential allergen for young piglets. Characterization of this protein indicated that deglycosylation and pepsin digestion did not eliminate immunoreactivity of this protein. Epitope mapping utilizing planar cellulose supports technology (SPOT) showed that three peptides spanning amino acids S185-R231 were critical for the allergenicity. A computer-generated three-dimensional structure model of the alpha-subunit of beta-conglycinin indicated that the antigenic epitopes were located on the surface of the protein. Information from this study may assist in the construction of recombinant nonallergenic soybean protein useable for both immunotherapy and the potential production of hypoallergenic soybean plants. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 52 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 4014 EP 4020 DI 10.1021/jf070211o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 165NW UT WOS:000246313200039 PM 17439152 ER PT J AU Feng, J Naiman, DQ Cooper, B AF Feng, Jian Naiman, Daniel Q. Cooper, Bret TI Probability model for assessing proteins assembled from peptide sequences inferred from tandem mass spectrometry data SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHOTGUN PROTEOMIC DATA; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; STATISTICAL-MODEL; TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE; YEAST PROTEOME; SPECTRAL DATA; ION-TRAP; DATABASES; SENSITIVITY; SEARCH AB In shotgun proteomics, tandem mass spectrometry is used to identify peptides derived from proteins. After the peptides are detected, proteins are reassembled via a reference database of protein or gene information. Redundancy and homology between protein records in databases make it challenging to assign peptides to proteins that may or may not be in an experimental sample. Here, a probability model is introduced for determining the likelihood that peptides are correctly assigned to proteins. This model derives consistent probability estimates for assembled proteins. The probability scores make it easier to confidently identify proteins in complex samples and to accurately estimate false-positive rates. The algorithm based on this model is robust in creating protein complements from peptides from bovine protein standards, yeast, Ustilago maydis cell lysates, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. It also eliminates the side effects of redundancy and homology from the reference databases by employing a new concept of peptide grouping and by coherently distinguishing distinct peptides from unique records and shared peptides from homologous proteins. The software that runs the algorithm, called PANORAMICS, provides a tool to help analyze the data based on a researcher's knowledge about the sample. The software operates efficiently and quickly compared to other software platforms. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Room 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cooperb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 10 BP 3901 EP 3911 DI 10.1021/ac070202e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 166XO UT WOS:000246414400049 PM 17441689 ER PT J AU Patterson, TM Niccolucci, V Bastianoni, S AF Patterson, Trista M. Niccolucci, Valentina Bastianoni, Simone TI Beyond "more is better": Ecological footprint accounting for tourism and consumption in Val di Merse, Italy SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ecological footprint; tourism; consumption ID SUSTAINABILITY; ECONOMICS AB Habits of conservation, consumption and recycling are important determinants of economic throughput. Provincial governments interested in tourism's role in a diverse, steady-state economy may wish to orient tourism development around the tourist segments with less intensive consumption habits. We estimate consumption of energy and materials by tourists vacationing in Val di Merse, a rural region of Tuscany, Italy. We compare tourists and their host population by means of a consumption based indicator, the Ecological Footprint. Conclusions for planning and management are explored. While the average tourist is often thought to consume more on vacation than at home, and often more than local residents, our estimate of the tourist footprint as an equivalent resident (5.28 gha) is similar to that estimated for residents (5.47 gha), excluding arrival transport. In total, the tourist population (685 equivalent residents) in Val di Merse contributes an ecological footprint of 13,500 gha annually, compared to 74,500 gha due to local residents (pop. 13,624). Both levels are lower than the average 6.74 EF estimated for the tourist countries of origin. Arrival transport contributes an additional 32.8 gha per tourist equivalent resident, and accounts for 86% of the total tourism impact. Infrastructure, information provided, and traditional knowledge are discussed as possible ways Provincial governments can maintain or grow tourism flows while maintaining low ecological footprint, and while raising economic turnover relative to material and energy throughput. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Univ Siena, Dept Chem & Biosyst Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Patterson, TM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane 2A, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM tmpatterson@fs.fed.us RI Bastianoni, Simone/K-6721-2015; Niccolucci, Valentina/L-5510-2015 OI Bastianoni, Simone/0000-0002-6470-7377; Niccolucci, Valentina/0000-0002-4484-9263 NR 67 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3-4 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.09.016 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 176JD UT WOS:000247080100036 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Buongiorno, J Monserud, RA Kruger, EL Zhou, M AF Liang, Jingjing Buongiorno, Joseph Monserud, Robert A. Kruger, Eric L. Zhou, Mo TI Effects of diversity of tree species and size on forest basal area growth, recruitment, and mortality SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE species diversity; size diversity; forest growth; recruitment; mortality; spatial autocorrelation ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; CANOPY STRUCTURE; AGED MANAGEMENT; HARDWOOD STANDS; PLANT DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; HEMLOCK; ABUNDANCE; SHANNONS AB The objective of this study was to determine the relationship, or lack thereof, between growth and diversity of tree species and size in conifer stands of western North America. Growth was measured by net basal area growth and its components: survivor growth, recruitment, and mortality. The analysis used inventory data from permanent plots in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest type in Oregon and Washington, and in the mixed-conifer forest type in California. The methods consisted of generalized least square regression with spatial autocorrelation, controlling for the effect of other stand characteristics. Other things being equal, in the two forest types under study there was a strong positive relationship between net basal area growth and tree-species diversity. This effect was associated with higher recruitment in stands of higher tree-species diversity. Neither mortality nor growth of survivors was related to tree-species diversity. The relationship between growth and tree-size diversity was less clear. For Douglas-fir/western hemlock, net basal area growth was negatively correlated with tree-size diversity, essentially because recruitment was lower on plots of high tree-size diversity. For mixed conifers, net basal area growth tended also to be lower in plots of high tree-size diversity, but this was mostly because mortality was higher in plots of higher tree-size diversity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu NR 69 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 243 IS 1 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.028 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 165YK UT WOS:000246343500012 ER PT J AU Kang, SG Jeong, HK Lee, E Natarajan, S AF Kang, Sang Gu Jeong, Hey Kyeong Lee, Eunkyung Natarajan, Savithiry TI Characterization of a lipoate-protein ligase A gene of rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO GENE LA English DT Article DE lipoate-protein ligase A (LPLA); lipoic acids; Oryza sativa L.; lipoate-dependent enzymes ID LIPOIC ACID METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CARRIER PROTEIN; LIPOYLTRANSFERASE; CLONING; ENZYMES; LIPB; IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIA; LIPOYLATION AB Lipoic acid is an essential disulfide cofactor required for the lipoate-dependent enzymes including pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), and glycine cleavage enzymes that function in key metabolic pathways in most prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Lipoic acid is covalently bound to lipoate-dependent enzymes by lipoate-protein ligase or lipoate transferase. Here, we characterized a lipoyl-protein ligase A (OsLPLA) gene of rice. The OsLPLA gene, which encoded 270 amino acids, was located on an approximately 21 Mb of chromosome 8 on the physical map of Oryza sativa Japonica type. OsLPLA transcripts were abundantly expressed in leaves and developing seeds. The OsLPLA gene functionally complemented an Escherichia coli lplA null mutant. Furthermore, the protein expressed from the OsLPLA gene in an E. coli lplA mutant successfully transferred exogenous lipoate to lipoate-dependent enzymes, including the E2 subunits of the PDH, the E2 subunit of KGDH and the H-protem of glycine decarboxylase, confirming that rice OsLPLA successfully catalyzed covalent attachment of lipoate onto lipoate-dependent enzymes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Coll Pharmacol, Inst Pharmacol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kang, SG (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM kangsg@ynu.ac.kr NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 393 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.011 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 166VC UT WOS:000246407700006 PM 17376611 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Lemke, CD Weber, P Sinkora, M Lager, KM AF Butler, John E. Lemke, Caitlin D. Weber, Patrick Sinkora, Marek Lager, Kelly M. TI Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets: XIX. Undiversified B cells with hydrophobic HCDR3s preferentially proliferate in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; V-H GENES; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; UNITED-STATES; T-CELL; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PREIMMUNE REPERTOIRE AB Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an extraordinary increase in the proportion of B cells resulting in lymphoid hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoimmunity in neonatal piglets. Spectratypic analysis of B cells from neonatal isolator piglets show a non-Gaussian pattern with preferential expansion of clones bearing certain H chain third complementary region (HCDR3) lengths. However, only in PRRSV-infected isolator piglets was nearly the identical spectratype observed for all lymphoid tissues. This result suggests dissemination of the same dominant B cell clones throughout the body. B cell expansion in PRRS was not associated with preferential V-H gene usage or repertoire diversification and these cells appeared to bear a naive phenotype. The B cell population observed during infection comprised those with hydrophobic HCDR3s, especially sequences encoded by reading frame 3 of DA that generates the AMVLV motif. Thus, the hydropathicity profile of B cells after infection was skewed to favor those with hydrophobic binding sites, whereas the normally dominant region of the hydropathicity profile containing neutral HCDR3s was absent. We believe that the hypergammaglobulinemia results from the products of these cells. We speculate that PRRSV infection generates a product that engages the BCR of naive B cells, displaying the AMVLV and similar motifs in HCDR3 and resulting in their T-independent proliferation without repertoire diversification. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Interdisciplinary Immunol Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Robarts Res Inst, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Novi Hradek, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, 51 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-butler@uiowa.edu RI Sinkora, Marek/H-2523-2014 NR 91 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 10 BP 6320 EP 6331 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 165EG UT WOS:000246286200039 PM 17475861 ER PT J AU Torto, B Boucias, DG Arbogast, RT Tumlinson, JH Teal, PEA AF Torto, Baldwyn Boucias, Drion G. Arbogast, Richard T. Tumlinson, James H. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Multitrophic interaction facilitates parasite-host relationship between an invasive beetle and the honey bee SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alarm pheromone; kairomone; small hive beetle ID AETHINA-TUMIDA; APIS-MELLIFERA; VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; YEASTS AB Colony defense by honey bees, Apis mellifera, is associated with stinging and mass attack, fueled by the release of alarm pheromones. Thus, alarm pheromones are critically important to survival of honey bee colonies. Here we report that in the parasitic relationship between the European honey bee and the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, the honey bee's alarm pheromones serve a negative function because they are potent attractants for the beetle. Furthermore, we discovered that the beetles from both Africa and the United States vector a strain of Kodamaea ohmeri yeast, which produces these same honey bee alarm pheromones when grown on pollen in hives. The beetle is not a pest of African honey bees because African bees have evolved effective methods to mitigate beetle infestation. However, European honey bees, faced with disease and pest management stresses different from those experienced by African bees,are unable to effectively inhibit beetle infestation. Therefore, the environment of the European honey bee colony provides optimal conditions to promote the unique bee-beetle-yeast-pollen multitrophic interaction that facilitates effective infestation of hives at the expense of the European honey bee. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jht2@psu.edu; peter.teal@ars.usda.gov RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 20 BP 8374 EP 8378 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702813104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169NW UT WOS:000246599900034 PM 17483478 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Trout, James M. Fayer, Ronald TI Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species and genotypes in sheep in Maryland SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; genotyping; epidemiology; Giardia; PCR; sheep ID ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION; NEONATAL DIARRHEA; PARVUM INFECTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DAIRY CALVES; HUMANS; DUODENALIS; ANIMALS; LAMBS; CATTLE AB In the United Kingdom and Australia sheep have been implicated as sources of Cryptosporidium and Giardia that infect humans, but no such studies have been conducted in North America. Therefore, a study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of these parasites in sheep on a farm in Maryland. Feces were collected from 32 pregnant ewes 1, 2, and 3 days after parturition and from each of their lambs 7, 14, and 21 days after birth. The presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts was determined by both immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR/gene sequence analysis. PCR was consistently more sensitive than microscopy. The prevalence, by PCR, of Cryptosporidium in ewes and lambs was 25 and 77.4%, respectively. Three species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium were identified: C. parvum, a novel C. bovis-like genotype, and Cryptosporidium cervine genotype. Cryptosporidium parvum and the cervine genotype have been reported worldwide in human infections. The novel C. bovis-like genotype is reported here for the first time. The prevalence of Giardia in ewes and lambs was 12 and 4%, respectively. Most infections were Assemblage E which is not zoonotic; however, one ewe was infected with zoonotic Assemblage A. The identification of only two lambs infected with C. parvum and one ewe infected with G. duodenal is Assemblage A suggests a low prevalence of these zoonoses. However, the high prevalence of the zoonotic cervine genotype indicates that sheep should be considered a potential environmental source of this human pathogen. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC East, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 41 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.01.010 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 168TN UT WOS:000246547000004 PM 17335979 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Forbes, L Gajadhar, AA Gamble, HR AF Hill, D. E. Forbes, L. Gajadhar, A. A. Gamble, H. R. TI Viability and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in frozen horse tissue SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella; trichinellosis; food safety; equine ID GENUS TRICHINELLA; TRICHINOSIS; CONSUMPTION; SYSTEMATICS; TOLERANCE; NATIVA AB Many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of Trichinella infection in the horse are poorly understood, including survival of Trichinella spp in horse muscle. In this study, we have assessed the freeze tolerance of T. spiralis in horse meat stored at 5, -5, and -18 degrees C for 1 day to 24 weeks. Results demonstrate a steady reduction in the number of live ML recovered from the cold stored meat samples. On Day 1, recovery of live larvae had been reduced by 18.6%, 50.1%, and 37.2%, and by 4 weeks, recovery of larvae had been reduced by 65.4%, 66.5%, and 96.2% in samples stored at 5, -5, and -18 degrees C, respectively. Infectivity results (measured as reproductive capacity index (RCI)) from mice inoculated with larvae recovered from non-frozen meat samples at day 0 was 23.5. Following storage at -18 degrees C for one and two days, the RCIs were 2.09 and 0.99, respectively. Small numbers of infective larvae were still present in meat samples stored at -18 degrees C for 4 weeks. The RCI of ML recovered from meat samples stored at -5 degrees C was 14.99 and 6.36 at 2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively; the RCI of samples stored at 5 degrees C was 23.1 at 8 weeks, and fell rapidly thereafter (12 week RCI 1.33; 0 at 24 weeks). These data demonstrate that infective T. spiralis, a non-freeze tolerant species, can survive for at least 4 weeks in horse tissue frozen at -5 or -18 degrees C, and that the numbers of infective larvae decrease substantially by day 2 at -18 degrees C and by week 4 at -5 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Saskatoon Lab, Ctr Food Borne & anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada. Natl Acad Sci, Policy & Global Affairs Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.001 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 168TN UT WOS:000246547000014 PM 17418492 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Forbes, L Kramer, M Gajadhar, A Gamble, HR AF Hill, D. E. Forbes, L. Kramer, M. Gajadhar, A. Gamble, H. R. TI Larval viability and serological response in horses with long-term Trichinella spiralis infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella; Trichinellosis; food safety; equine ID WESTERN-BLOT-ANALYSIS; ARTIFICIAL DIGESTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; HUMAN TRICHINOSIS; PIGS; ELISA; PERSISTENCE; RISK AB The horse is considered an aberrant host for the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis, and many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of Trichinella infection in the horse are poorly understood. It has been reported that experimentally-infected horses produce a transient serological response to infection and that muscle larvae are cleared more rapidly than in parasite-adapted hosts such as the pig and humans. However, limited numbers of animals have been studied, and both the longevity of larvae in horse musculature and the immune response to Trichinella larvae remain unclear. In this study, we infected 35 horses with 1000, 5000, or 10,000 T. spiralis muscle larvae and followed the course off infection for 1 year, assessing larval burdens in selected muscles, the condition and infectivity of recovered larvae, and the serological response of infected horses. The results demonstrated that T. spiralis establishes infection in horses in a dose dependent manner. Anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies peaked between weeks 6-10 post-inoculation. Viable, infective larvae persisted in horse musculature for the duration of the study (12 months), and exhibited no apparent reduction in muscle burdens over this period. Encapsulated larvae showed no obvious signs of degeneration in histological sections. Larval capsules were surrounded by infiltrates consisting of mature plasma cells and eosinophils. Macrophages were notably absent. Given the lack of a detectable serological response by 26 weeks p.i. and the persistence of infective muscle larvae for at least 1 year, parasite recovery methods are currently the only suitable detection assays for both meat inspection and epidemiological studies of Trichinella infection in the horse. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Food Borne & Anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada. USDA ARS, BARC W, Biometr consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Policy & Global Affairs Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.011 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 168TN UT WOS:000246547000015 PM 17386976 ER PT J AU Terrill, TH Mosjidis, JA Moore, DA Shaik, SA Miller, JE Burke, JM Muir, JP Wolfe, R AF Terrill, T. H. Mosjidis, J. A. Moore, D. A. Shaik, S. A. Miller, J. E. Burke, J. M. Muir, J. P. Wolfe, R. TI Effect of pelleting on efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sericea lespedeza; hay; pellets; goats; condensed tannins; gastrointestinal nematodes ID SULLA HEDYSARUM-CORONARIUM; LUCERNE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; TANNIN CONCENTRATION; PRESERVATION METHOD; CONDENSED TANNINS; INFECTIONS; FORAGE; LAMBS AB Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) to anthelmintic treatment has increased pressure to find alternative, non-chemical control methods. Feeding hay of the high condensed tannin (CT) forage sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours.) G. Don.] to sheep and goats has reduced GIN fecal egg count (FEC) and worm numbers in the abomasum and small intestines. This effect has been reported with both unground (long) and ground hay. Pelleting of ground hay increases ease of storage, transport, and feeding, but heating during the pelleting process could reduce biological activity of CT. Eighteen naturally GIN-infected 5-6-month-old Kiko-Spanish cross bucks were fed pelleted and ground SL hay and ground bermudagrass [BG; Cynodon dactyon (L.) Pers.] hay diets (n = 6 per treatment) in a confinement trial. The bucks were fed the ground BG hay (75% of daily intake) plus a pelleted 16% CP commercial goat chow (25% of daily intake) for 3 weeks, after which they were assigned to treatment groups based upon FEC, 12 animals were switched to ground and pelleted SL hay plus goat chow for 4 weeks, and then all animals were fed the BG ration for one additional week. Throughout the trial, feces and blood were collected from individual animals weekly to determine FEC and blood packed cell volume (PCV), respectively. All goats were slaughtered at the end of the trial, with adult worms in the abomasum and small intestines recovered, counted, and identified to species. Both forms of SL hay reduced (P < 0.05) FEC in goats relative to BG hay-fed animals, with a greater reduction in goats fed the SL pellets. There was no effect on PCV until the final sampling date, when the SL pellet-fed goats' PCV increased (P < 0.05) compared with the other treatments. Feeding pelleted SL reduced (P < 0.05) abomasal worms, primarily Haemonchus contortus, relative to the BG hay-fed goats. Worm numbers in the goats fed ground SL hay were intermediate. Pelleting SL hay enhanced its efficacy against parasitic nematodes and may facilitate the broader use of this forage in small ruminant GIN control programs. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, DBSFRC, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Terrill, TH (reprint author), Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM terrillt@fvsu.edu OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.005 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 168TN UT WOS:000246547000016 PM 17383822 ER PT J AU Skinner, H AF Skinner, Howard TI Winter carbon dioxide fluxes in humid-temperate pastures SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; dormant-season; carbon sequestration; respiration ID CO2 FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR; EDDY-CORRELATION; ECOSYSTEM; EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BALANCE; HEAT; GRASSLANDS; ENRICHMENT AB Because of their vast size, grazing lands have the potential to sequester significant quantities of carbon, slowing the increase in atmospheric CO, and reducing the risk of global warming. Although CO2 uptake during the growing season can be substantial, losses during winter months reduce annual sequestration, potentially turning grazing lands into net carbon sources. The goal of this research was to quantify the magnitude of winter fluxes for humid-temperate pastures in the northeastern USA. The study was conducted from 2003 to 2005 on two pastures in the ridge and valley region of central Pennsylvania, one dominated by a mix of cool-season grasses and the other transitioning from an alfalfa to mixed-grass pasture. Pasture-scale CO2 fluxes were quantified using eddy covariance techniques. The alfalfa pasture was less of a CO2 source to the atmosphere during winter months (1 December to 31 March) than the grass pasture, averaging 2.68 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) compared with 3.09 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) for the grass pasture. Cumulative efflux for the winter months averaged 326 g CO2 m(-2) (88 g C m(-2)) for the alfalfa and 375 g CO2 m(-2) (101 g C m(-2)) for the grass pasture. In the absence of snow cover, eddy covariance measurements estimated that photosynthetic CO2, uptake occurred at temperatures below 0 degrees C. Canopy and leaf chamber measurements in the field and in controlled environments suggested minimum temperatures for photosynthetic CO2 uptake of about -4 degrees C. Even when daytime uptake occurred, nighttime efflux from the system was greater so that the pastures remained CO2 sources throughout the winter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Skinner, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.01.010 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164PE UT WOS:000246245300003 ER PT J AU Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA Todd, RW Cole, NA AF Flesch, T. K. Wilson, J. D. Harper, L. A. Todd, R. W. Cole, N. A. TI Determining ammonia emissions from a cattle feedlot with an inverse dispersion technique SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE trace gas fluxes; atmospheric dispersion; atmospheric deposition; ammonia fluxes; lagrangian stochastic models; inverse dispersion ID TRACE GAS CONCENTRATIONS; TO-AIR EMISSIONS; FIELD TRIAL; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT; LAGOONS; BALANCE AB An inverse-dispersion technique is used to calculate ammonia (NH3) gas emissions from a cattle feedlot. The technique relies on a simple backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) dispersion model to relate atmospheric NH3 concentration to the emission rate Q(bLS). Because the wind and the source configuration are complicated, the optimal implementation of the technique is unclear. Two categorically different measurement locations (for concentration and winds) are considered: within the feedlot and downwind. The in-feedlot location proved superior, giving a nearly continuous QbLS timeseries. We found average emissions of 0.15 kg NH3 animal(-1) day(-1) in both 2004 and 2005, representing a loss of 63% (2004) or 65% (2005) of the dietary nitrogen in the animal feed. Downwind measurement locations were less useful for several reasons: a narrow range of useable wind directions; ambiguity in the choice of wind statistics to use in the calculations; low NH3 concentrations; and downwind deposition of NH3. When addressing a large source (like a feedlot) that modifies the ambient wind flow, we recommend in-source measurements for use in inverse-dispersion applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX USA. RP Flesch, TK (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM thomas.flesch@ualberta.ca NR 27 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.006 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164PE UT WOS:000246245300011 ER PT J AU Quintana, A Albrechtova, J Griesbach, RJ Freyre, R AF Quintana, Andrea Albrechtova, Jana Griesbach, Robert J. Freyre, Rosanna TI Anatomical and biochemical studies of anthocyanidins in flowers of Anagallis monelli L. (Primulaceae) hybrids SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanidin; anthocyanin; flower color; petal epidermis; Primulaceae ID EPIDERMAL-CELL SHAPE; PIGMENT DISTRIBUTION; COLOR; INHERITANCE; PETALS; PH AB Violet, lilac and red flower colors segregated in an F-3 population obtained from hybridizing blue and orange breeding lines of Anagallis monelli at UNH. One individual per color was studied, as well as "true-blue" cultivar 'Skylover Blue'. Anatomical examination revealed typical petal layout with upper epidermis, loose mesophyll and lower epidermis. Cells in upper and lower epidermis were categorized by their vacuole color. Blue and red individuals had mostly blue and red cells, respectively. Lilac and violet individuals had blue and bicolored (red and blue) cells on both surfaces, and red cells on the lower epidermis only. Violet individuals had more blue cells on the upper epidermis than lilac individuals. Anthocyanidins were determined by HPLC for each petal epidermis. Blue flowers had only malvidin in both petal surfaces, red flowers had mostly delphinidin with traces of malvidin. Lilac and violet flowers had more malvidin than delphinidin. For violet and lilac flowers respectively, 2 and 3% delphinidin in upper petal surfaces result in a reddish tone while in the lower surface 33 and 25% delphinidin result in a red color. pH in upper and lower petal surfaces were significantly different for each individual, which may affect final flower color. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Charles Univ Prague, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Bot, CS-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Freyre, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110670, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rfreyre@ufl.edu OI Albrechtova, Jana/0000-0001-6912-1992 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 112 IS 4 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.01.024 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167DE UT WOS:000246430400009 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JF Stafford Smith, DM Lambin, EF Turner, BL Mortimore, M Batterbury, SPJ Downing, TE Dowlatabadi, H Fernandez, RJ Herrick, JE Huber-Sannwald, E Jiang, H Leemans, R Lynam, T Maestre, FT Ayarza, M Walker, B AF Reynolds, James F. Stafford Smith, D. Mark Lambin, Eric F. Turner, B. L. Mortimore, Michael Batterbury, Simon P. J. Downing, Thomas E. Dowlatabadi, Hadi Fernandez, Roberto J. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth Jiang, Hong Leemans, Rik Lynam, Tim Maestre, Fernando T. Ayarza, Miguel Walker, Brian TI Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SUSTAINABILITY; VULNERABILITY; AFRICA; CHALLENGES; FEEDBACKS; KNOWLEDGE; LESSONS; ECOLOGY; COMMONS; SYSTEMS AB In this millennium, global drylands face a myriad of problems that present tough research, management, and policy challenges. Recent advances in dryland development, however, together with the integrative approaches of global change and sustainability science, suggest that concerns about land degradation, poverty, safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting the culture of 2.5 billion people can be confronted with renewed optimism. We review recent lessons about the functioning of dryland ecosystems and the livelihood systems of their human residents and introduce a new synthetic framework, the Drylands Development Paradigm (DDP). The DDP, supported by a growing and well-documented set of tools for policy and management action, helps navigate the inherent complexity of desertification and dryland development, identifying and synthesizing those factors important to research, management, and policy communities. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. CSIRO Susainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Drylands Res, Sherborne DT9 5ER, England. Univ Melbourne, Sch Social & Environm Enquiry, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Stockholm Environm Inst, Oxford Off, Oxford OX2 7DL, England. Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Inst Invest Fisiol & Ecol, CONICET, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia. Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. CIAT Int Ctr Trop Agr Honduras, Secreataria Agr & Gariaderia, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Reynolds, JF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, POB 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM james.f.reynolds@duke.edu RI Lynam, Timothy/D-7443-2011; Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010; Walker, Brian/F-2386-2011; Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009; Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth/D-2507-2009; Noojipady, Praveen/B-2511-2010; Stafford Smith, Mark/G-1680-2010 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301; Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Stafford Smith, Mark/0000-0002-1333-3651 NR 67 TC 666 Z9 723 U1 66 U2 479 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5826 BP 847 EP 851 DI 10.1126/science.1131634 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 166HM UT WOS:000246369800027 PM 17495163 ER PT J AU Sylte, MJ Hubby, B Suarez, DL AF Sylte, Matthew J. Hubby, Bolyn Suarez, David L. TI Influenza neuraminidase antibodies provide partial protection for chickens against high pathogenic avian influenza infection SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; neuraminidase; vaccine ID BROADENED IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CD8(+) T-CELLS; LETHAL INFLUENZA; VIRUS INFECTION; EXPRESSION VECTORS; A VIRUS; IN-VIVO; HEMAGGLUTININ; VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION AB Protection of chickens against avian influenza (Al) is mostly attributed to production of antibodies against the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin, whereas less is known about the protective role of antibodies to the other surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA). Therefore, vaccines encoding NA antigen (e.g., DNA and alphavirus-based virus like replicon particles (VRP)) or baculovirus-expressed recombinant NA (rN2) were tested for their ability to protect against highly pathogenic Al (HPAI) in chickens. Vaccination with A/Pheasan/Maryland/4457/93 (Ph/MD) rN2 protein produced significantly higher levels of NA-inhibition (NI) activity and 88% protection from HPAI H5N2 challenge than vaccination with Ph/MD N2 DNA (25% protection). Vaccination with Ph/MD N2 VRP a minimum of two times also produced high levels of NI activity and protection against HPAI challenge (63% protection). Vaccination with VRP encoding an N2 gene that was genetically distant from the challenge virus N2 failed to protect chickens. Vaccines producing higher levels of NI activity conferred partial protection, but failed to affect viral shedding. Consideration of the homology between vaccine and challenge virus isolate NA genes may provide improved immunity if high levels of NI activity are obtained. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Alphavax Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 35 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 19 BP 3763 EP 3772 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.011 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 166ZD UT WOS:000246419100004 PM 17350145 ER PT J AU Urbanski, S Barford, C Wofsy, S Kucharik, C Pyle, E Budney, J McKain, K Fitzjarrald, D Czikowsky, M Munger, JW AF Urbanski, S. Barford, C. Wofsy, S. Kucharik, C. Pyle, E. Budney, J. McKain, K. Fitzjarrald, D. Czikowsky, M. Munger, J. W. TI Factors controlling CO2 exchange on timescales from hourly to decadal at Harvard Forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GAP FILLING STRATEGIES; SOIL RESPIRATION; LONG-TERM; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON SINKS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB [1] We analyzed 13 years (1992-2004) of CO2 flux data, biometry, and meteorology from a mixed deciduous forest in central Massachusetts. Annual net uptake of CO2 ranged from 1.0 to 4.7 Mg-C ha(-1) yr(-1), with an average of 2.5 Mg-C ha(-1) yr(-1). Uptake rates increased systematically, nearly doubling over the period despite forest age of 75-110 years; there were parallel increases in midsummer photosynthetic capacity at high light level (21.5-31.5 mu mole m(-2) s(-1)), woody biomass (101-115 Mg-C ha(-1) from 1993-2005, mostly due to growth of one species, red oak), and peak leaf area index (4.5-5.5 from 1998-2005). The long-term trends were interrupted in 1998 by sharp declines in photosynthetic capacity, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, and other parameters, with recovery over the next 3 years. The observations were compared to empirical functions giving the mean responses to temperature and light, and to a terrestrial ecosystem model (IBIS2). Variations in gross ecosystem exchange of CO2 (GEE) and NEE on hourly to monthly timescales were represented well as prompt responses to the environment, but interannual variations and long-term trends were not. IBIS2 simulated mean annual NEE, but greatly overpredicted the amplitude of the seasonal cycle and did not predict the decadal trend. The drivers of interannual and decadal changes in NEE are long-term increases in tree biomass, successional change in forest composition, and disturbance events, processes not well represented in current models. C1 US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm SAGE, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Urbanski, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5775 W US Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM surbanski@fs.fed.us RI Munger, J/H-4502-2013; OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Kucharik, Christopher/0000-0002-0400-758X NR 88 TC 232 Z9 237 U1 3 U2 85 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G2 AR G02020 DI 10.1029/2006JG000293 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 168AZ UT WOS:000246495900002 ER PT J AU Chang, JD Sukhova, GK Libby, P Schvartz, E Lichtenstein, AH Field, SJ Kennedy, C Madhavarapu, S Luo, J Wu, DQ Cantley, LC AF Chang, James D. Sukhova, Galina K. Libby, Peter Schvartz, Eugenia Lichtenstein, Alice H. Field, Seth J. Kennedy, Caitlin Madhavarapu, Swetha Luo, Ji Wu, Dianqing Cantley, Lewis C. TI Deletion of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110 gamma gene attenuates murine atherosclerosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Akt; inflammation; macrophage; lipoproteins; G protein-coupled receptors ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; E-DEFICIENT MICE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; MACROPHAGE PROLIFERATION; EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; CELL-ACTIVATION; IN-VITRO AB inflammatory cell activation by chemokines requires intracellular signaling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and the PI3-kinase-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase Akt. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process driven by oxidatively modified (atherogenic) lipoproteins, chemokines, and other agonists that activate PI3-kinase. Here we show that macrophage PI3-kinase/Akt is activated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, inflammatory chemokines, and angiotensin II. This activation is markedly reduced or absent in macrophages lacking p110 gamma, the catalytic subunit of class lb PI3-kinase. We further demonstrate activation of macrophage/foam cell PI3-kinase/Akt in atherosclerotic plaques from apolipoprotein E (apoE)-null mice, which manifest an aggressive form of atherosclerosis, whereas activation of PI3-kinase/Akt was undetectable in lesions from apoE-null mice lacking p110 gamma despite the presence of class Ia PI3-kinase. Moreover, plaques were significantly smaller in apoE(-/-)p110 gamma(-/-) mice than in apoE(-/-)p110 gamma(+/+) or apoE(-/-)p110 gamma(+/-)mice at all ages studied. In marked contrast to the embryonic lethality seen in mice lacking class Ia PI3-kinase, germ-line deletion of p110 gamma results in mice that exhibit normal viability, longevity, and fertility, with relatively well tolerated defects in innate immune and inflammatory responses that may play a role in diseases such as atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Our results not only shed mechanistic light on inflammatory signaling during atherogenesis, but further identify p110 gamma as a possible target for pharmacological intervention in the primary and secondary prevention of human atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Signal Transduct Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Cardiovasc Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Cantley, LC (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Signal Transduct Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lewis_cantley@hms.harvard.edu RI Cantley, Lewis/D-1800-2014 OI Cantley, Lewis/0000-0002-1298-7653 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL080706-10, R01 HL080706-11, R01 HL080706, R01 HL080706-12, R01 HL080706-13]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM41890, R01 GM054597, R37 GM041890, R01 GM041890] NR 38 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 19 BP 8077 EP 8082 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702663104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 167OR UT WOS:000246461500062 PM 17483449 ER PT J AU Feng, RT Ni, HM Wang, SY Tourkova, IL Shurin, MR Harada, H Yin, XM AF Feng, Rentian Ni, Hong-Min Wang, Shiow Y. Tourkova, Irina L. Shurin, Michael R. Harada, Hisashi Yin, Xiao-Ming TI Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, a natural polyphenol antioxidant, selectively kills leukemic cells by induction of oxidative stress SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BAX-DEPENDENT APOPTOSIS; ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PLANT-EXTRACTS; KAPPA-B; BIM; PHOSPHORYLATION; ANTHOCYANINS; CANCER; DEATH AB Anthocyanins are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds widely available in fruits and vegetables in human diets. They have broad biological activities including anti-mutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis, which are generally attributed to their antioxidant activities. We studied the effects and the mechanisms of the most common type of anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, in several leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. We found that cyanidin-3-rutinoside extracted and purified from the black raspberry cultivar Jewel induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Paradoxically, this compound induced the accumulation of peroxides, which are involved in the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In addition, cyanidin-3-rutinoside treatment resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, which contributed to cell death by activating the mitochondrial pathway mediated by Bim. Down-regulation of Bim or overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L) considerably blocked apoptosis. Notably, cyanidin-3-rutinoside treatment did not lead to increased ROS accumulation in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and had no cytotoxic effects on these cells. These results indicate that cyanidin-3-rutinoside has the potential to be used in leukemia therapy with the advantages of being widely available and selective against tumors. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Internal Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Yin, XM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM xmyin@pitt.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA83817, CA111456]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS045252] NR 43 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 18 BP 13468 EP 13476 DI 10.1074/jbc.M610616200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 162BC UT WOS:000246060300036 PM 17360708 ER PT J AU Adlof, R AF Adlof, R. TI Analysis of triacylglycerol and fatty acid isomers by low-temperature silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography with acetonitrile in hexane as solvent: Limitations of the methodology SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE silver; HPLC; low-temperature; triacylglycerol; fatty acid ester; isomers ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACIDS; METHYL-ESTERS; AG+-HPLC; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; STATIONARY-PHASE; SEPARATION; COLUMN; LIPIDS AB Silver ion HPLC (Ag-HPLC), utilizing columns containing silver ions bonded to a silica substrate and acetonitrile in hexane as solvent, has proven to be a powerful technology for the analysis of geometric (cis or trans) or positional fatty acids, fatty acid ester (primarily methyl ester; FAME), or triacylglycerol (TAG) isomers. Previous studies had demonstrated that, unlike gas chromatography, samples eluted more rapidly at lower temperatures (at 20 degrees C versus 40 degrees C, for example). A low-temperature bath [dual-column Ag-HPLC; isocratic solvent systems of 0.3 to 0.7% acetonitrile (ACN) in hexane] was utilized to study the application of this system at low (below 0 degrees C) temperatures for analysis of FAME (zero to six double bonds) and TAG [SSS, OOO and LLL, where S = stearic acid (18:0), 0 = oleic acid (9c - 18: 1), and L = linoleic acid (9c, 12c - 18:2)] standards. While FAME elution times continued to decrease from 0 degrees C to -10 degrees C, they began to increase at -20 degrees C. A similar situation was noted for the TAG isomers, except that retention times began to increase below 0 degrees C. The lower temperature limit of the Ag-HPLC/ACN in hexane system is thus ca. -25 degrees C. Increasing sample elution times and pump head pressures upon sample injection were noted at temperatures of -25 degrees C to -40 degrees C. Equilibration times at each temperature could be reduced to ca. 15 min without loss of resolution and with retention times of 2%. Temperature, rather than solvent composition, can therefore be utilized with the Ag-HPLC/ACN in hexane solvent system to optimize elution times and resolution(s) of FAME and TAG isomers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM adlofro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 1148 IS 2 BP 256 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.070 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 164OF UT WOS:000246242700017 PM 17399730 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Lewandowski, DJ AF Adkins, S. Lewandowski, D. J. TI Diversity of Tomato spotted wilt virus isolates in the field SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM sadkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800003 ER PT J AU Campbell, LR Webb, C Westervelt, L AF Campbell, L. R. Webb, C. Westervelt, L. TI There's no place like home" Tospoviruses in Kansas SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, APHIS,PPQ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Res, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM lcambel@ksu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800012 ER PT J AU Garza, R Ruiz, R Ciomperlik, M AF Garza, R. Ruiz, R. Ciomperlik, M. TI A molecular identification for economically important thrips species SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, CPHST, Pest Detect & Diagnost Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM roxanne.e.garza@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800025 ER PT J AU Gonsalves, D AF Gonsalves, D. TI Can transgenic virus resistance work in the real world - what about TSWV? SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM dgonsalves@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800028 ER PT J AU Martinez-Ochoa, N Mullis, SW Csinos, AS Webster, TM Bertrand, P AF Martinez-Ochoa, N. Mullis, S. W. Csinos, A. S. Webster, T. M. Bertrand, P. TI Natural infections of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) found in weeds around tobacco fields in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM nmartinez8@alltel.net RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800043 ER PT J AU Naidu, RA Adkins, S Ravi, KS Chiemsombat, P Jain, RK Savithri, HS Gajanandana, O Muniyappa, V Riley, DJ AF Naidu, R. A. Adkins, S. Ravi, K. S. Chiemsombat, P. Jain, R. K. Savithri, H. S. Gajanandana, O. Muniyappa, V Riley, D. J. TI Epidemiology of Tospoviruses in South and Southeast Asia: Current status and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Mahyco Res Ctr, Jalna 431203, India. Kasetsart Univ, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. Indian Agr Res Inst, New Delhi 110012, India. Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. Univ Agr Sci Bangalore, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM naidu@wsu.edu RI Rayapati, Naidu/A-7125-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800057 ER PT J AU Yeh, SD Chen, TC Lin, YH Hsu, HT Chen, CC AF Yeh, S-D Chen, T-C Lin, Y-H Hsu, H-T Chen, C-C TI Characterization of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus as a new tospovirus species SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Taichung Dist Agr Improvement Stn, Changhua 515, Taiwan. EM sdyeh@nchu.edu.tw NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800097 ER PT J AU Yeh, SD Chen, TC Huang, CW Kuo, YW Liu, FL Yuan, CH Hsu, HT AF Yeh, S-D Chen, T-C Huang, C-W Kuo, Y-W Liu, F-L Yuan, C-H Hsu, H-T TI Production of serogroup-specific antibodies using the plant viral vector expressed non-structural NSs protein of watermelon silver mottle virus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdyeh@nchu.edu.tw NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 7 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166PS UT WOS:000246391800098 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Biswas, A Patel, A Walls, DJ Dunlap, C Wei, Y AF Selling, Gordon W. Biswas, Atanu Patel, Alpa Walls, Dennis J. Dunlap, Christopher Wei, Yen TI Impact of solvent on electrospinning of zein and analysis of resulting fibers SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE birefringence; electro spinning; fibers; orientation; zein ID DRY-MILLED CORN; NANOFIBERS; PROTEINS; EXTRACTION AB Zein fibers have been produced by electrospinning from acetic acid, aqueous methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Alcohol solutions produced fibers that were predominantly ribbons. Fibers spun from acetic acid solution have a round morphology with a narrower distribution of diameters when spun under suitable conditions. The IR spectra of electrospun fibers display increased absorbance at 1 650 cm(-1) relative to starting material, indicative of increased a-helical structure. Raman spectra of fibers spun from acetic acid solution had spectral differences, having increased absorbance at 680, 750 and 860 cm(-1), versus fibers spun from alcoholic solvents suggesting different tertiary structure within the fiber, which may result from different structures in solution. Polarized Raman spectroscopy taken parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axis displayed no differences, suggesting similar secondary and tertiary structures in these directions. All of the fibers had some degree of birefringence demonstrating the presence of orientation. The smaller fibers were highly birefringent throughout the fiber, while the larger fibers had orientation at the surface only. Quality fibers could not be produced fro N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone/water, acetic acid/ water, 8 M urea/water or 10% NaOH/water zein solutions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EI Pont Neumours & Co Inc, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sellingg@ncaur.usda.gov RI Wei, Yen/H-5329-2012 NR 34 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 EI 1521-3935 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYS JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 208 IS 9 BP 1002 EP 1010 DI 10.1002/macp.200700056 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 169HZ UT WOS:000246584600011 ER PT J AU Engelbrecht, BMJ Comita, LS Condit, R Kursar, TA Tyree, MT Turner, BL Hubbell, SP AF Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Comita, Liza S. Condit, Richard Kursar, Thomas A. Tyree, Melvin T. Turner, Benjamin L. Hubbell, Stephen P. TI Drought sensitivity shapes species distribution patterns in tropical forests SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; CLIMATIC GRADIENT; MOIST FOREST; DIVERSITY; SEEDLINGS; TREES; TOLERANCE AB Although patterns of tree species distributions along environmental gradients have been amply documented in tropical forests(1-7), mechanisms causing these patterns are seldom known. Efforts to evaluate proposed mechanisms have been hampered by a lack of comparative data on species' reactions to relevant axes of environmental variation(1). Here we show that differential drought sensitivity shapes plant distributions in tropical forests at both regional and local scales. Our analyses are based on experimental field assessments of drought sensitivity of 48 species of trees and shrubs, and on their local and regional distributions within a network of 122 inventory sites spanning a rainfall gradient across the Isthmus of Panama. Our results suggest that niche differentiation with respect to soil water availability is a direct determinant of both local- and regional-scale distributions of tropical trees. Changes in soil moisture availability caused by global climate change and forest fragmentation are therefore likely to alter tropical species distributions, community composition and diversity. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RP Engelbrecht, BMJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843, Balboa 03092, Panama. EM engelbrb@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012; OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Comita, Liza/0000-0002-9169-1331 NR 30 TC 376 Z9 397 U1 39 U2 303 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7140 BP 80 EP U2 DI 10.1038/nature05747 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 163GY UT WOS:000246149300047 PM 17476266 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Johnson, ET Pinkerton, TS AF Dowd, Patrick F. Johnson, Eric T. Pinkerton, T. Scott TI Oral toxicity of beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase to insects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE insect resistance; Spodoptera; Lasioderma ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; GENE AB Insect chitin is a potential target for resistance plant proteins, but plant-derived chitin-degrading enzymes active against insects are virtually unknown. Commercial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA), a chitin-degrading enzyme from jack bean Canavalia ensiformis, caused significant mortality of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda larvae at 75 mu g/gm, but no significant mortality was noted with Aspergillus niger NAHA. Maize Zea mays callus transformed to express an Arabidopsis thaliana clone that putatively codes for NAHA caused significantly higher mortality of cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne larvae and significantly reduced growth rates (as reflected by survivor weights) of S. frugiperda as compared to callus that expressed control cDNAs. Tassels from model line Hi-II maize (Z. mays) plants transformed with the NAHA gene fed to S. frugiperda caused significantly higher mortality than tassels transformed to express glucuronidase; mortality was significantly correlated with NAHA expression levels detected histochemically. Leaf disks from inbred Oh43 maize plants transformed with the NAHA gene on average had significantly less feeding by caterpillars than null transformants. Leaf disks of Oh43 transformants caused significant mortality of both S. frugiperda and corn earworm Helicoverpa zea larvae, which was associated with higher expression levels of NAHA detected by isoelectric focusing, histochemically, or with antibody. Overall, these results suggest that plant NAHA has a role in insect resistance. Introduction of NAHA genes or enhancement of activity through breeding or genetic engineering has the potential to significantly reduce insect damage and thereby indirectly reduce mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and people. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM patrick.dowd@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3421 EP 3428 DI 10.1021/jf063562w PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 160MQ UT WOS:000245946300028 PM 17417870 ER PT J AU Goyer, A Navarre, DA AF Goyer, Aymeric Navarre, Duroy A. TI Determination of folate concentrations in diverse potato germplasm using a trienzyme extraction and a microbiological assay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE folate; potato; Solanum tuberosum; wild species ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANTS; FOODS; POPULATION; VITAMIN; HOMOCYSTEINE; DERIVATIVES; GERMINATION AB Folate deficiency is a leading cause of birth defects and is implicated in several other diseases. We are interested in how much folate concentrations vary among potato germplasm. We determined total folate concentrations of potato tubers from 67 cultivars, advanced breeding lines, or wild species. Folates were extracted by a tri-enzyme treatment and analyzed by using a Lactobacillus rhamnosus microbiological assay. Folate concentrations varied from 521 +/- 96 to 1373 +/- 230 ng/g dry weight and were genotype and location dependent. The highest folate concentrations were mostly found in color-fleshed potatoes. Variations of folate concentrations within either color- or white-fleshed tubers were similar (similar to 2-fold). Skin contained similar to 30% higher folate concentrations than flesh. Storage of tubers for 7 months generally led to an increase in folate contents. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that higher folate contents were correlated with lower mRNA expression of some folate genes. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM mavarre@pars.ars.uda.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3523 EP 3528 DI 10.1021/jf063647x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 160MQ UT WOS:000245946300041 PM 17419642 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Reddy, KN Rimando, AM Duke, SO Poston, DH AF Nandula, Vijay K. Reddy, Krishna N. Rimando, Agnes M. Duke, Stephen O. Poston, Daniel H. TI Glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible soybean (Glycine max) and canola (Brassica napus) dose response and metabolism relationships with glyphosate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aminomethylphosphonic acid; AMPA; Brassica napus; canola; dose response; Glycine max; glyphosate; glyphosate resistance; GOX; shikimic acid; soybean ID AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; ACCUMULATION; SALTS; CROPS AB Experiments were conducted to determine (1) dose response of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and -susceptible (non-GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and canola (Brassica napus L.) to glyphosate, (2) if differential metabolism of glyphosate to aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) is the underlying mechanism for differential resistance to glyphosate among GR soybean varieties, and (3) the extent of metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA in GR canola and to correlate metabolism to injury from AMPA. GR(50) (glyphosate dose required to cause a 50% reduction in plant dry weight) values for GR (Asgrow 4603RR) and non-GR (HBKC 5025) soybean were 22.8 kg ae ha(-1) and 0.47 kg ha(-1), respectively, with GR soybean exhibiting a 49-fold level of resistance to glyphosate as compared to non-GR soybean. Differential reduction in chlorophyll by glyphosate was observed between GR soybean varieties, but there were no differences in shoot fresh weight reduction. No significant differences were found between GR varieties in metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA, and in shikimate levels. These results indicate that GR soybean varieties were able to outgrow the initial injury from glyphosate, which was previously caused at least in part by AMPA. GR(50) values for GR (Hyola 514RR) and non-GR (Hyola 440) canola were 14.1 and 0.30 kg ha(-1), respectively, with GR canola exhibiting a 47-fold level of resistance to glyphosate when compared to non-GR canola. Glyphosate did not cause reduction in chlorophyll content and shoot fresh weight in GR canola, unlike GR soybean. Less glyphosate (per unit leaf weight) was recovered in glyphosate-treated GR canola as compared to glyphosate-treated GR soybean. External application of AMPA caused similar injury in both GR and non-GR canola. The presence of a bacterial glyphosate oxidoreductase gene in GR canola contributes to breakdown of glyphosate to AMPA. However, the AMPA from glyphosate breakdown could have been metabolized to nonphytotoxic metabolites before causing injury to GR canola. Injury in GR and non-GR canola from exogenous application of AMPA was similar. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nandula, VK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM vkn8@msstate.edu RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3540 EP 3545 DI 10.1021/jf0635681 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 160MQ UT WOS:000245946300044 PM 17417871 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD AF Whitaker, Bruce D. TI Oxidation products of alpha-farnesene associated with superficial scald development in d'Anjou pear fruits are conjugated trienols SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pear fruit; Pyrus communis; alpha-farnesene oxidation; conjugated trienols; superficial scald; storage disorder ID STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; EXPRESSION; AUTOXIDATION; TEMPERATURE; PEEL; 6-METHYL-5-HEPTEN-2-ONE; DIPHENYLAMINE; INHIBITION; INDUCTION AB Conjugated triene (CT) oxidation products of the acyclic sesquiterpene (E,E)-alpha-farnesene are thought to induce development of the physiological storage disorder superficial scald in apple and pear fruits of susceptible cultivars. CTs that accumulate in peel tissues of Granny Smith and Delicious apples after several weeks of cold storage are known to be conjugated trienols (CTols) rather than the corresponding hydroperoxides produced by in vitro autoxidation of alpha-farnesene. Here, it is shown that CTols are also the predominant in vivo oxidation products of alpha-farnesene in cold-stored pear fruit of the highly scald-susceptible d'Anjou cultivar. Analysis by octadecylsilane reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,3(E),5(E),10-tetraen-7-ol as the major CT in hexane extracts of peel tissue from d'Anjou pears stored for 3-5 months in air at -1 degrees C. The possible origins of CTols in apples and pears and the hypothesized role of these oxidation products of alpha-farnesene in the induction of scald are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitakeb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3708 EP 3712 DI 10.1021/jf063710i PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 160MQ UT WOS:000245946300067 PM 17419644 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Stedinger, JR Ou, SC Liou, KN Brutsaert, W AF Cosh, Michael H. Stedinger, Jery R. Ou, Steve C. Liou, Kuo-Nan Brutsaert, Wilfried TI Evolution of the variability of surface temperature and vegetation density in the great plains SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE hydrologic data; land surface temperature; hydrometeorology; vegetation; statistics ID SOIL-MOISTURE; PRAIRIE; MODELS; IMPACT; CLOUD AB This study focuses on how the variability of land surface temperature and vegetation density at the SGP ARM-CART site changes over episodic (day to day) and seasonal time scales using AVHRR satellite data. Four drying periods throughout the year are analyzed. Land surface temperature had an erratic relationship with time exhibiting no deterministic pattern from day-to-day or season-to-season. Furthermore, it did not exhibit spatial pattern persistence. On the other hand, vegetation density had a consistent spatial pattern and temporal decay during average length drying periods (less than 7 days) as well as within a season. However, there were distinct differences in the seasonal pattern of variation between winter and growing seasons. In addition, the paper highlights a methodology to quantify the relationships that exist at the land surface between the primary parameter of interest and the controlling variables. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Rm 104 Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1094 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.10.003 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 162MV UT WOS:000246092800005 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Clark, RN Straus, DC AF Purdy, Charles W. Clark, R. Nolan Straus, David C. TI Analysis of aerosolized particulates of feedyards located in the Southern High Plains of Texas SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; FEEDING OPERATIONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CATTLE FEEDLOT; US CITIES; AGRICULTURE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB The objective of this study was to quantify, size, and examine the composition of particulates found in ambient aerosolized dust of four large feedyards in the Southern High Plains. Ambient air samples (concentration of dust) were collected upwind (background) and downwind of the feedyards. Aerosolized particulate samples were collected using high volume sequential reference ambient air samplers, PM10 and PM2.5, laser strategic aerosol monitors, cyclone air samplers, and biological cascade impactors. Weather parameters were monitored at each feedyard. The overall (main effects and estimable interactions) statistical (P < 0.0001) general linear model statement (GLM) for PM10 data showed more concentration of dust (mu g/m(3) of air) downwind than upwind and more concentration of dust in the summer than in the winter. PM2.5 concentrations of dust were comparable for 3 of 4 feedyards upwind and downwind, and PM(2.5)concentrations of dust were lower in the winter than in the summer. GLM (P < 0.0001) data for cascade impactor (all aerobic bacteria, Enterococcus spp, and fungi) mean respirable and non-respirable colony forming units (CFU) were 676 +/- 74 CFU/m(3), and 880 +/- 119 CFU/m(3), respectively. The PM10 geometric mean size (+/- GSD) of particles were analyzed in aerosols of the feedyards (range 1.782 +/- 1.7 mu m to 2.02 +/- 1.74 mu m) and PM2.5 geometric mean size particles were determined (range 0.66 +/- 1.76 mu m to 0.71 +/- 1.71 mu m). Three of 4 feedyards were non-compliant for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concentration standard (150 mu g/m(3)/24 h) for PM10 particles. This may be significant because excess dust may have a negative impact on respiratory disease. C1 ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM cwpurdy@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1080/02786820701225838 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164AI UT WOS:000246204600004 ER PT J AU El-Osta, HS Mishra, AK Morehart, MJ AF El-Osta, Hisham S. Mishra, Ashok K. Morehart, Mitchell J. TI Determinants of economic well-being among US farm operator households SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE farm households; composite measure of economic well-being; ARMS data ID INCOME; INEQUALITY; WEALTH AB Participation in government programs has a mild impact on the economic well-being of U.S. farm households. Major factors that determine farm household prosperity are the primary operator's education level and ethnicity, education level of the spouse, and other characteristics such as forward purchasing of inputs, use of contract shipping of products, having a succession plan, farm ownership, and location in a metro area. This article uses the 2001 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) as well as relative and an absolute measure to assess U.S. farm households' economic well-being. The relative measure compares the income and wealth position of farm households relative to median income and median wealth of the general population. The absolute measure adds annualized wealth to a farm household's income. C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP El-Osta, HS (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Room N4082,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM helosta@ers.usda.gov OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00207.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163YG UT WOS:000246198700002 ER PT J AU Dong, DS Kaiser, HM Myrland, O AF Dong, Diansheng Kaiser, Harry M. Myrland, Oystein TI Quantity and quality effects of advertising: a demand system approach SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE quantity and quality; advertising; unit value; censored demand system; Norwegian household ID CONSUMER DEMAND; DEMOGRAPHIC-VARIABLES; PRICE ELASTICITIES; FOOD; SIMULATION AB Quantity and quality effects of advertising are investigated in this article. A censored demand system is estimated for fish, beef, pork, and other meats using Norwegian household data. In the demand model, generic fish advertising and meat advertising is introduced as demand shifters, and at the same time unit values are treated as endogenous. The unit values capture the quality of the commodities. Empirical findings show that advertising can have both quantity and quality effects on household demand. C1 ERS, USDA, FED, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Tromso, Dept Econ & Management, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. RP Dong, DS (reprint author), ERS, USDA, FED, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ddong@ers.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00209.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163YG UT WOS:000246198700004 ER PT J AU Hahn, WF Mathews, KH AF Hahn, William F. Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr. TI Characteristics and hedonic pricing of differentiated beef demands SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE beef; CBS demand system; choice; demand; hedonic; meat; quality; select ID STATES MEAT DEMAND; STRUCTURAL-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM; MODEL; PRODUCTS; DYNAMICS; INVERSE; IDEAL; FOOD AB We estimate a CBS system model of U.S. derived demand for meat. We use this model (1) to examine relationships between three quality categories of beef and three other meats and (2) to simulate how taste shifts have affected demands for meats over time. We extend previous studies by disaggregating wholesale beef production into three quality categories: (1) USDA Choice grade or higher, (2) USDA Select or lower, and (3) cow and bull beef. Innovative features of our empirical model include a breakout of 'table cuts' into Choice and Select and the use of a hedonic characterization of the two breakouts to value "Choice-ness" and "beef-ness." Our model demonstrates important shifts in separate demands for Choice and Select beef. We show that, separately, the demand for Choice-grade beef declined in the 1980s and 1990s and the demand for Select beef increased, a departure from the relatively stable demand characterizations of more aggregated measures of combined Choice and Select beef. C1 ERS, USDA, Markets & Trade Div, Anim Prod Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Mathews, KH (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Markets & Trade Div, Anim Prod Branch, Rm N-5103,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM KMathews@ers.usda.gov NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00214.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163YG UT WOS:000246198700009 ER PT J AU Andales, AA Green, TR Ahuja, LR Erskine, RH Peterson, GA AF Andales, Allan A. Green, Timothy R. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Erskine, Robert H. Peterson, Gary A. TI Temporally stable patterns in grain yield and soil water on a dryland catena SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE winter wheat; corn; grain yield; landscape position; dryland; rainfed ID LANDSCAPE POSITION; CROPPING INTENSIFICATION; TERRAIN ANALYSIS; SOYBEAN YIELD; WINTER-WHEAT; AGROECOSYSTEM; PRODUCTIVITY; INTENSITY; PIEDMONT; NITROGEN AB Grain yields from dryland cropping systems can be affected by water availability, topographic position, and crop rotation. The temporal stability over 14 years of observed spatial patterns is investigated by exploring: (1) relationships between grain yield, soil water content, and topographic position; (2) whether the crop rotation system affects yield; and (3) possible interactions between landscape position and crop rotation. Data have been collected along a soil catena for winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)] and corn [Zea mays (L.)] grain yields and soil water content from 1986 to 1999 as part of a long-term study of sustainable dryland agroecosystem management in eastern Colorado, USA. The experiment included two-year (wheat-fallow), three-year (wheat-corn-fallow), and four-year (wheat-corn-millet [Panicum miliaceum (L.)] or sunflower [Helianthus annus (L.)]-fallow) rotations arranged in a randomized block design (two replicates of each rotation/phase) with repeated measurements from three slope positions. Over all years, analysis of variance revealed a strong effect of topographic position on both corn and wheat yield (p < 0.0001), but no significant effect of crop rotation (p > 0.44) or rotation by position (p > 0.56). Yield at the toeslope was significantly different (p < 0.05) from yields at summit and sideslope positions. The patterns of yield and soil water along the catena were temporally stable, as shown by strong relationships between slope positions. Linear regressions between slope positions explained 69-90% and 65-85% of the spatial-temporal variances in grain yields and profile soil water, respectively. Such spatial relationships can be useful for estimating spatial patterns from either temporal data collection or simulation results at limited spatial locations within a field. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Andales, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150-D Ctr Ave 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Allan.Andales@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013; Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.07.001 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 174PP UT WOS:000246955100002 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Rotz, CA Skinner, RH Sanderson, MA AF Corson, Michael S. Rotz, C. Alan Skinner, R. Howard Sanderson, Matt A. TI Adaptation and evaluation of the integrated farm system model to simulate temperate multiple-species pastures SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; whole-farm model; multiple-species pastures ID GRAZING HEIGHT REGIMES; MEASURED VALUES; MIXED PASTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; FORAGE; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT AB Whole-farm simulation provides a tool for predicting the effects of farm management strategies on farm productivity and profitability. One such model, the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), was modified to allow representation of up to four forage species coexisting in a pasture mixture. The model was calibrated to simulate net herbage accumulation (NHA) observed during six periods of a 2002 experiment in a 3-species pasture in Pennsylvania, USA, composed of orchardgrass (Daetylis glomerata L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). The model also predicted sward botanical composition, total annual NHA, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Sensitivity analysis showed that predictions of NHA were most sensitive to both chicory and orchardgrass specific leaf area and partitioning of photosynthate to the shoot, as well as chicory photosynthetic efficiency. The model was evaluated against data from the same 3-species pasture in 2003 as well as a 2-species pasture (lacking chicory) from the same experiment in 2002 and 2003. Predictions of total annual NHA in 2- and 3-species pastures were within +/- 18% of observed values, though predictions of within-season N HA were less accurate. Predictions of botanical composition tended to remain within +/- 15% of observed values by species. Predictions of within-season CP and N DF concentrations in the whole sward tended to remain within +/- 22% and +/- 15%, respectively. Given the generality and realism required of IFSM, the degree of precision in the modified pasture submodel is acceptable for achieving IFSM's primary goal of comparing the effects of different management scenarios on forage productivity and the long-term profitability and environmental impact of farms. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), INRA, UMR, ENSAR SAS, 65 Rue St Brieuc,CS 84215, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM michael.corson@rennes.inra.fr RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008; UMR SAS, ASAE/M-4978-2013; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971; UMR SAS, ASAE/0000-0002-4138-7374; NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2007.01.003 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 174PP UT WOS:000246955100033 ER PT J AU Schillinger, WF Kennedy, AC Young, DL AF Schillinger, William F. Kennedy, Ann C. Young, Douglas L. TI Eight years of annual no-till cropping in Washington's winter wheat-summer fallow region SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE annual cropping; Bromus tectorum L.; drought; dryland cropping systems; farm economics; increased cropping intensity; no-till; Salsola iberica; soil quality; wind erosion; winter wheat-summer fallow ID RHIZOCTONIA BARE PATCH; TAKE-ALL; ROOT-ROT; ROTATIONS; BARLEY; DYNAMICS; DECLINE; YIELD AB The tillage-based winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow (WW-SF) cropping system has dominated dryland farming in the Pacific Northwest USA for 125 years. We conducted a large-scale multidisciplinary 8-year study of annual (i.e., no summer fallow) no-till cropping systems as an alternative to WW-SF. Soft white and hard white classes of winter and spring wheat, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were grown in various rotation combinations. Annual precipitation was less than the long-term average of 301 mm in 7 out of 8 years. Rhizoctonia bare patch disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 appeared in year 3 and continued through year 8 in all no-till plots. All crops were susceptible to rhizoctonia, but bare patch area in wheat was reduced, and grain yield increased, when wheat was grown in rotation with barley every other year. Remnant downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) weed seeds remained dormant for 6 years and longer to heavily infest recrop winter wheat. There were few quantifiable changes in soil quality due to crop rotation, but soil organic carbon (SOC) increased in the surface 0-5 cm depth with no-till during the 8 years to approach that found in undisturbed native soil. Annual no-till crop rotations experienced lower average profitability and greater income variability compared to WW-SF. Yellow mustard and safflower were not economically viable. Continuous annual cropping using no-till provides excellent protection against wind erosion and shows potential to increase soil quality, but the practice involves high economic risk compared to WW-SF. This paper provides the first comprehensive multidisciplinary report of long-term alternative annual notill cropping systems research in the low-precipitation region of the Pacific Northwest. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dryland Res Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Lind, WA 99341 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schillinger, WF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dryland Res Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB B, Lind, WA 99341 USA. EM schillw@wsu.edu OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2-4 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2006.10.017 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 144AB UT WOS:000244766400026 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Lippi, C Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C AF Grassi, Davide Lippi, Cristina Desideri, Giovambattista Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Ferri, Claudio TI Dark chocolate, flavanols, and regulation of blood pressure SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; RICH COCOA; DEPENDENT VASORELAXATION; OXIDANT STRESS; SHORT-TERM; FLAVONOIDS; DYSFUNCTION; TEA; HYPERTENSION AB Chocolate and related cocoa products are derived from the Theobroma cacao bean, a rich source of monomeric (catechin and epicatechin) and oligomeric (procyanidins) flavanols. In vitro, cocoa flavanols have been found to increase the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, promote NO-dependent vasorelaxation, decrease the conversion of NO to peroxynitrite, reduce platelet aggregation, and modulate immune responsiveness. In vivo, short-term studies reveal intake of flavanol-rich cocoa can induce endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in healthy subjects and in patients with hypertension. Further, cocoa or dark chocolate decrease blood pressure in healthy subjects and middle-age and elderly hypertensives as well as improve lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Thus, flavanol-rich cocoa has a short-term beneficial impact on some risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. While these data suggest promise for the development of new, low calorie cocoa foods and beverages, long-term clinical trials of cocoa flavanols are first warranted. C1 [Grassi, Davide; Lippi, Cristina; Desideri, Giovambattista; Ferri, Claudio] Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ferri, C (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015 OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELIO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 1722-6996 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 SU S PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 303WG UT WOS:000256071000017 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Gitz, DC Payton, P Wanjura, DF Upchurch, DR AF Baker, J. T. Gitz, D. C. Payton, P. Wanjura, D. F. Upchurch, D. R. TI Using leaf gas exchange to quantify drought in cotton irrigated based on canopy temperature measurements SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP WATER-STRESS; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; POTENTIAL DEPRESSIONS; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; FOLIAGE TEMPERATURE; C-3 PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOIL; RESPONSES AB Plant gas exchange provides a highly sensitive measure of the degree of drought stress to which a crop is exposed. However, equipment costs and time requirements for gas exchange measurements are major obstacles to the use of gas exchange measurements in real-time irrigation scheduling systems. Canopy temperature (T(c)) provides a much easier to acquire indication of crop water deficit that has been used in irrigation scheduling systems, but interpretation of this measurement has proven difficult. Our goal was to test the ability of T(c) to quantify the degree of crop water deficit by comparing T(c) with simultaneous measurements of leaf-level gas exchange parameters, which were viewed as alternative indicators of water deficit. To provide a wide range of plant water deficit conditions for the comparison of T(c) with leaf-level gas exchange parameters, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was subsurface drip irrigated using T(c) according to the stress-time index method of irrigation scheduling during two growing seasons. Comparisons between T(c) and leaf-level gas exchange were accomplished by measuring T. diurnally with hand-held infrared thermometers and controlling cuvette leaf temperature (T(L)) equal to T(c) and then measuring leaf level net assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (g) at a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) level of 1500 mu mol (photons) m(-2) s(-1). In general, as plant water deficit became more severe, leaf level gas exchange tended to decline with rising T(L). However, we found that A and g could vary by more than twofold at a given T(L), indicating that T(c) was not a particularly robust indicator of the degree of drought stress. Furthermore, we found the leaf minus air temperature differential (T(L) - T(a)) and vapor pressure deficit calculated based on leaf temperature (VPD(L)) were better predictors of the degree of drought stress, as indicated by gas exchange parameters, than T(L) alone. Regression of A and g against (T(L) - T(a)) and VPDL indicated that the combination of these two variables accounted for >79% of the variability in A and g. We conclude that the term (T(c) - T(a)) either alone or in combination with VPD should provide a better predictor of the degree of drought stress in cotton than T(c) alone. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 302 W I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM jtbaker@ibk.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0062 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400007 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Tolk, JA Howell, TA Rosenthal, WD AF Baumhardt, R. L. Tolk, J. A. Howell, T. A. Rosenthal, W. D. TI Sorghum management practices suited to varying irrigation strategies: A simulation analysis SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; SOIL-WATER; CULTIVAR MATURITY; SEEDING PRACTICES; PLANTING DATE; GREAT-PLAINS; YIELD; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Increasing pumping costs and declining well capacities in regions like the Southern High Plains of Texas are requiring producers to adapt cropping practices for use with irrigation levels that vary between complete replacement of crop evapotranspiration (ET) to none (i.e., dryland production). Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a crop suited to both dryland and various deficit irrigation production systems. Our objectives were to (i) identify cultural practices (planting date, population, and cultivar maturity) that maximize sorghum grain yield for widely varying irrigation strategies; and (ii) consider effective means to allocate available water among irrigation strategies that maximizes the ratio of yield to ET, that is, water use efficiency (WUE). Using the model SORKAM and long-term (1958-1999) weather records from Bushland, TX, we simulated sorghum grain yields on a Pullman soil (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) under dryland (rain) and three deficit irrigation levels (rain + irrigation = 2.5, 3.75, or 5.0 mm d(-1)) for all combinations of planting date (mid-May, 15 May; early June, 5 June; and late June, 25 June), cultivar maturity (early, 95 d; medium, 105 d; late, 120 d), and plant density (12 and 16 plants m(-2)). For 2.5 min d(-1) irrigation level, simulated grain yields were maximized with either early or medium-maturing cultivars planted in early June. In contrast, simulated sorghum yield and WUE increased with a mid-May planting date and later-maturing cultivars for irrigation levels of 3.75 and 5.0 nun d(-1). We conclude that spreading water to uniformly irrigate a field with 2.5 min d(-1) produces similar to 16% less grain than concentrating the same water resources to variably irrigate a field at 3.75 or 5.0 mm d(-1) with complementary (2:1 and 1:1) dryland areas. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM rlbaumhardt@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0092 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400011 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Singh, BP Whitehead, WF Wang, S AF Sainju, Upendra M. Singh, Bharat P. Whitehead, Wayne F. Wang, Shirley TI Accumulation and crop uptake of soil mineral nitrogen as influenced by tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; GREEN MANURES; WATER-QUALITY; GRAIN-SORGHUM; COTTON; YIELD; DENITRIFICATION; SYSTEMS; CARBON AB Management practices may influence soil N levels due to crop uptake and leaching. We evaluated the effects of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), strip till (ST), and chisel till (CT)], four cover crops [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), rye (Secale cereale L.), vetch + rye biculture, and winter weeds or no cover crop], and three N fertilization rates (0, 60-65, and 120-130 kg N ha(-1)) on NH4-N and NO3-N contents in Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Paleudults), and N uptake by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from 2000 to 2002 in central Georgia. Nitrogen content was higher in vetch and vetch + rye than in rye and weeds. Soil NH4-N content at 0 to 30 cm was higher at harvest than at planting, and higher in NT or vetch with 120 to 130 kg N ha(-1) than with other treatments. The NO3-N content at 0 to 120 cm varied with date of sampling and was higher with vetch than with rye and weeds. The NO3-N content at 0 to 10 cm was higher in CT with vetch than in NT and ST with rye or weeds. From November 2000 to April 2001 and from November 2001 to April 2002, N loss from crop residue and soil at 0 to 1120 cm was higher with vetch than with other cover crops. Nitrogen removed by cotton lint was higher with rye than with other cover crops in 2000 and higher with 0 and 60 than with 120 kg N ha(-1) in 2002, but N removed by sorghum grain and cotton and sorghum biomass were higher with vetch than with rye, and higher with 120 to 130 than with 0 kg N ha(-1). Because of higher N supply, vetch increased soil mineral N and cotton and sorghum N uptake compared with rye, but also increased the potential for N leaching. The potential for N leaching can be reduced and crop N uptake can be optimized by mixing vetch with rye. C1 USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 682 EP 691 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0177 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400013 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW Shanahan, JF Schepers, JS AF Varvel, G. E. Wilhelm, W. W. Shanahan, J. F. Schepers, J. S. TI An algorithm for corn nitrogen recommendations using a chlorophyll meter based sufficiency index SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD RESPONSE AB Nitrogen fertilizer continues to be the major input influencing corn (Zea mays L.) yield in the Midwest. Improved N recommendations should result in greater N use efficiency and producer profit while reducing surface and groundwater contamination. This study was conducted to develop a plant-based technique to detect and correct N deficiencies during the season. Chlorophyll meter readings and grain yield were collected from corn in irrigated monoculture corn and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]-corn cropping systems with four hybrids and five N fertilizer application rates in the Platte Valley near Shelton, NE. Normalized chlorophyll meter readings (sufficiency index, SI) were calculated from data collected at three vegetative stages, defined by thermal time accumulation after planting, during each of the 10 yr of study (1995-2004). Highly significant linear correlations between SI and relative yield (normalized yield) indicated both responded similarly to N fertilizer application. Relationships between N rate and SI (at each of the three vegetative stages and combined over stages) were described by quadratic models. The combined model [(SI = 0.8073 + 0.002(N rate) - 0.0000056(N rate)(2), R-2 = 0.70)] can be used to compute N needed to achieve maximum yield. Our procedure gives producers the tools to determine if N is needed, and if so, the amount of N required for maximum yield. In addition if St is computed for specific areas of the field, N applications can be tailored to those areas, thereby reducing the potential of introducing more N into the system than needed to achieve maximum yield, with spatial and temporal constraints. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gvarvel1@unl.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 23 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 701 EP 706 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0190 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400015 ER PT J AU Blaser, BC Singer, JW Gibson, LR AF Blaser, Brock C. Singer, Jeremy W. Gibson, Lance R. TI Winter cereal, seeding rate, and intercrop seeding rate effect on red clover yield and quality SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; ALFALFA; CORN; ESTABLISHMENT; CROPS AB Diversification of corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems can be achieved by incorporating winter cereal grains. Winter cereal grain production systems in the northern USA are inefficient in respect to annual radiation capture because the majority of these fields lay fallow until the following cropping season. The addition of a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) intercrop to winter cereal grains can supply forage and provide N to subsequent crops. The objective of this study was to determine the red clover dry matter (DM) and forage quality response to winter cereal species, cereal seeding rate, and red clover seeding rate. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (x Triticosecale spp.) were seeded at 100, 200, 300, and 400 seed m(-2) in October 2002 and 2003. In March, red clover was frost-seeded at 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 seed m(-2). Red clover harvests in late summer, early fall, and the following spring yielded 6.2 to 8.5 Mg ha(-1) DM. Winter cereal species only affected red clover DM in the following spring of 1 yr. Cereal seeding rates impacted DM within specific harvest periods, but had no effect on seasonal totals or spring DM. Increasing red clover seeding rates increased final DM yield in four of six harvests. Increasing red clover seeding rate had no consistent effect on forage quality. Producers that intercrop, red clover in winter wheat or triticale should frost-seed at 900 to 1200 seed m(-2) to maximize DM yield. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0247 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400018 ER PT J AU Russelle, MP Lamb, JFS Turyk, NB Shaw, BH Pearson, B AF Russelle, Michael P. Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Turyk, Nancy B. Shaw, Byron H. Pearson, Bill TI Managing nitrogen contaminated soils: Benefits of N-2-fixing alfalfa SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID N-2 FIXATION; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; DINITROGEN FIXATION; PASTURE LEGUMES; SUBSOIL NITRATE; FEEDLOT; GROUNDWATER; FIELD; ABUNDANCE; MOISTURE AB Perennial forage crops offer an effective, low-cost method for remediating excess soil N. Where it is agronomically adapted, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a particularly desirable species for remediation of excess soil N because it has high dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake potential, it can absorb nitrate (NO3) from depths beyond those attainable by most annual crops, and its market value is usually higher than grass forages. On the basis of previous research, we hypothesized that non-N-2-fixing alfalfa would remove more inorganic soil N than standard, N-2-fixing alfalfa and tested this hypothesis at an abandoned barnyard on a Richford sandy loam (mixed, mesic Psammentic Hapludalfs) in central Wisconsin, USA. Duplicate plots (30 by 60 in) of both N-2-fixing and nonfixing alfalfa were seeded in August 1998 and 1999. Nonfixing alfalfa produced lower DM and N yield and showed greater variability than standard, N-2-fixing alfalfa. Yield, N concentration, and stand declined in the nonfixing type where inorganic N supply was inadequate. Average maximum estimated recovery of soil and manure N was about 200 kg N ha(-1) annually for plots seeded with N-2-fixing alfalfa. During 2 yr when inorganic N uptake was estimated by the 15 N natural abundance technique, N-2-fixing alfalfa removed nearly 60% more soil and manure N than nonfixing alfalfa, but weeds in the nonfixing alfalfa plots made up the difference. Neither alfalfa prevented ground water contamination by NO3 and concentrations increased similarly under both alfalfas. Because declines in yield and protein concentration may be expected for nonfixing alfalfa on sites with patchy available N distribution, economic remediation of these sites will be promoted by using an adapted cultivar of N-2-fixing alfalfa. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Watershed Sci & Educ, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. New Mexico Environm Dept, Ground Water Qual Bur, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russelle@umn.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0325 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400020 ER PT J AU Popp, M Coffey, K Coblentz, W Johnson, Z Scarbrough, D Humphry, J Smith, T Hubbell, D Turner, J AF Popp, Michael Coffey, K. Coblentz, W. Johnson, Z. Scarbrough, D. Humphry, J. Smith, T. Hubbell, D. Turner, J. TI Empirical analysis of weaning and pasture rotation frequency with implications for retained ownership SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BERMUDAGRASS PASTURE; CONTINUOUS STOCKING; GRAZING SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; CALVES; COWS AB The economic impact of rotation frequency (twice weekly vs. twice monthly until time of weaning) and time of weaning (early April vs. 56 d later) was examined for fall-calving cows using a modified put and take grazing strategy implemented to maintain equal grazing pressure across production systems. Cow and/or calf death losses resulted in replacements with either bred cows or cow-calf pairs. While the analysis on heifer calves was limited to sale at time of weaning, steer calves were tracked through the feedlot stage to determine if the time of sale would alter production system recommendations. For the conditions presented in this study, cow-calf producers may be advised that (i) relative to late weaning, early weaned calves did not regain their weight disadvantage observed at time of weaning; (ii) more intensive pasture management (rotating twice weekly rather than twice monthly) was not worth the effort because partial return results for late-weaned steer and heifer calves did not differ statistically by rotation frequency, regardless of sale time; (iii) partial returns were highest for steer calves retained through the finishing stage at the feedlot (regardless of production system) compared with sale at the time of weaning or at the time of placement in the feedlot; (iv) the range of returns or financial risk exposure increased with length of calf ownership. However, use of long-term average prices excluded input price risk from the analysis and output price risk was only partially addressed. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NW Oklahoma State Univ, Alva, OK 73717 USA. Humphry Environm Inc, Fayetteville, AR 72702 USA. Univ Arkansas, Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. N Caroline State Univ Mt Res Stn, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. RP Popp, M (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, 217 Agr Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM mpopp@uark.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0346 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400021 ER PT J AU Griggs, TC MacAdam, JW Mayland, HF Burns, JC AF Griggs, Thomas C. MacAdam, Jennifer W. Mayland, Henry F. Burns, Joseph C. TI Temporal and vertical distribution of nonstructural carbohydrate, fiber, protein, and digestibility levels in orchardgrass swards SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE; IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DAIRY-COWS; HERBAGE PRODUCTION; TEMPERATE GRASSES; PLANT-PARTS; PREFERENCE AB Herbage nonstructural carbohydrates (NC) contribute to livestock performance and silage fermentation. Knowledge of the distribution patterns of NC and other nutritional constituents in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) swards could support harvest management decisions. Our objective was to determine diurnal and vertical patterns of total NC (TNC), crude protein (Cl?), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations, and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) and NDF digestibility (NDFD) in orchardgrass swards in October, June, and August. Herbage was sampled at 6-h intervals between 0100 and 1900 It from horizons positioned 40 to 27,27 to 18, 18 to 12, and 12 to 8 cm above soil surface. Herbage composition varied among horizons in all months, and diurnally only in June and August. In June and August, only TNC with maxima of 109 to 123 g kg(-1) at 1900 h exhibited consistent diurnal patterns. Swards harvested to residual heights of 18, 12, or 8 em exhibited little spatial variation in TNC during June and August, but CP, NDF, and IVTDMD varied with harvest depth on all dates. As swards were harvested to successively greater depths, TNC increased in October, but not in June and August. In contrast, CP and IVTDMD decreased, and NDF increased, for harvests to successively greater depths in all months. For harvests in June and August, manipulation of depth would capture more variation in CP, NDF, and IVTDMD, but manipulation of time of day of harvest would capture more variation in TNC to meet animal performance and silage fermentation requirements. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Griggs, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tgriggs@ext.usu.edu RI MacAdam, Jennifer/B-3156-2009 OI MacAdam, Jennifer/0000-0003-2349-9863 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0036 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400022 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Cambardella, CA Bull, CT Chase, CA Gibson, LR Delate, K AF Karlen, Douglas L. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Bull, Carolee T. Chase, Craig A. Gibson, Lance R. Delate, Kathleen TI Producer-researcher interactions in on-farm research: A case study on developing a certified organic research site SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCALE WATERSHED EVALUATIONS; DEEP-LOESS SOILS; AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; CROPS AB Increasing consumer demand for organic products has created a need for certified organic research sites. Our objective is to discuss the lessons learned from evaluating alternate cropping systems to establish a certified site in western Iowa. Oat (Avena sativa L.), 'Kelson' snail medic [Medicago scutelata (L.) Mill.] or 'Polygraze' burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), triticale (x Triticosecale spp.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.], rye (Secale cereale L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) were evaluated in five crop sequences as transition strategies for converting no-till corn and soybean land for certified organic production. Five models for managing organic research sites were developed and are discussed to help researchers and producers become aware of the different roles, goals, and management challenges faced when developing a certified organic research site. A "shared management model" (Type 3) best described our project involving a transitioning grower and researchers. Maintaining annual profit throughout the transition period was our most important factor, so potential returns to land, labor, and management were calculated to compare the various transition strategies. Only two of the cropping systems incurred a positive return to management. They used either a high-value crop such as sweet corn (provided it was marketable) or low-cost crops (i.e., oat and alfalfa). We conclude that learning from our experiences will enable others to develop certified organic research sites and become involved with on-farm research studies with much less stress than that encountered by our farmer cooperator, technical staff, land owner, and research team. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Iowa State Univ, Tripoli, IA 50676 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Doug.Karlen@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 779 EP 790 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0125 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400025 ER PT J AU Deak, A Hall, MH Sanderson, MA Archibald, DD AF Deak, A. Hall, M. H. Sanderson, M. A. Archibald, D. D. TI Production and nutritive value of grazed simple and complex forage mixtures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; WHITE CLOVER; QUALITY; YIELD; GRASS; CHICORY; PASTURE AB Sustainability of forage production in the Northeast USA is affected by environmental and climatic variability. Complex forage mixtures may be better adapted than simple mixtures to variable environments and produce greater dry matter (DM) yield more evenly throughout the growing season, thereby increasing sustainability of forage production. A grazing trial was set up to evaluate forage production, nutritive value, and botanical composition dynamics of well-adapted and commonly sown forage species. The forage treatments consisted of simple mixtures (two and three species) and complex mixtures (six and nine species). The experiment was mob-grazed with cow-calf (Bos taurus L.) pairs five times each year. Dry matter distribution during the growing season was independent of mixture complexity; it was, instead, influenced mainly by the weather. When averaged across all 3 yr, mixtures containing six species produced greater (P < 0.001) forage yield (9900 kg DM ha(-1)) compared with two-species (8700 kg DM ha(-1)) or three-species mixtures (8400 kg DM ha(-1)). However, forage production varied within species richness groups. In general, regardless of the initial botanical composition, the predominant species in most mixtures by the end of the experiment were orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and white clover (Ttifolium repens L.). Variation in nutritive value among mixtures was explained mainly by variation in the proportions of grasses and legumes. We conclude that when it comes to large yields and top nutritive value, the most important consideration is the individual species, not the complexity of the mixtures. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Manage Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Deak, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM azd114@psu.edu NR 25 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0166 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400029 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Weyers, SL AF Forcella, Frank Weyers, Sharon Lachnicht TI Mid-continent fall temperatures at the 10-cm soil depth SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN PRODUCTION; SPRING APPLICATION; NITRAPYRIN; NITROGEN; TILLAGE AB Recommendations for applying nitrogen (N) fertilizer in autumn involve delaying applications until daily soil temperature at 10-cm depth is <= 10 degrees C. Daily soil temperature data during autumn were examined from 26 sites along a transect from 36 degrees to 49 degrees N latitude in mid-continent USA. After soils first cooled to <= 10 degrees C (First10), temperatures usually rebounded for varying amounts of time before the final date, at which they decreased to <= 10 degrees C (Last10) for the remainder of the winter. Because N may be lost during warm episodes between First10 and Last10, understanding the extent, duration, and timing of these warm periods is important. Soils at sites between 41 degrees and 44 degrees N latitude in mid-continent USA accumulated more degree-days (base 10 degrees C between First10 and Last10 than soils north or south of this region. Thus, if N fertilizer is applied too early, soils in Iowa, South Dakota, and southern Minnesota are more susceptible to N losses compared with soils in Missouri or North Dakota and northern Minnesota. Progressively more conservative guidelines for applying N fertilizer in autumn may be to wait until the dates of (i) average Last10, (ii) Last10 plus one SD, or (iii) Last10 plus two SD units. All of these alternative dates can be estimated reliably through simple polynomial equations for latitudes between 35 degrees and 50 degrees. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 862 EP 866 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0264 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169BJ UT WOS:000246567400035 ER PT J AU Martin, B AF Martin, Bert TI Russian bees to blame for colony collapse? SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 147 IS 5 BP 371 EP 372 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163PI UT WOS:000246171700007 ER PT J AU Fisher, JB Goldstein, G Jones, TJ Cordell, S AF Fisher, Jack B. Goldstein, Guillermo Jones, Tim J. Cordell, Susan TI Wood vessel diameter is related to elevation and genotype in the Hawaiian tree Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE altitude; cold tolerance; ecological wood anatomy; elevation; Metrosideros; Myrtaceae; xylem vessel diameter ID XYLEM HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS; CONTRASTING CLIMATES; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; LATITUDINAL TRENDS; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SITE VARIATION; ANATOMY; CAVITATION; VULNERABILITY; CONDUCTIVITY AB We tested the hypothesis that trees growing at high elevations with occasional freezing temperatures have smaller diameter xylem vessels than trees of the same species growing at lower and warmer elevations. The young branch wood of the wide-ranging Hawaiian tree species Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) was examined in three natural field populations (high, middle, and low elevations: 2469, 1280, and 107 m a.s.l., respectively) and contrasted with seedlings from these populations that were grown in a common garden at middle elevation (1190 m). Previous studies showed that these populations have some genetic differences and have distinctive leaf structure and ecophysiological traits. Vessel diameter was significantly smaller in the high elevation field and common garden plants than in middle elevation plants. However, high elevation vessels were wider in common garden plants compared to field plants, indicating that vessel diameter is determined both by genotype (parental populations) and environment (growing conditions different from those of parents). Reduced vessel diameter has implications for resistance to cavitation induced by freezing and/or drought in plants growing near tree line in Hawaii. C1 Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. EM jfisher@fairchildgarden.org NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 5 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.5.709 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215SX UT WOS:000249830400002 PM 21636440 ER PT J AU Huang, JJ Boerner, REJ Rebbeck, J AF Huang, Jianjun Boerner, Ralph E. J. Rebbeck, Joanne TI Ecophysiological responses of two herbaceous species to prescribed burning, alone or in combination with overstory thinning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE burning; herb; photosynthetic rate; thinning; water use efficiency ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS-NITROGEN RELATIONS; QUERCUS-ILEX RESPROUTS; WATER RELATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; USE EFFICIENCY; FIRE; FOREST; GROWTH; SOIL; SEEDLINGS AB The oak-rich deciduous forests of the central Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America have changed significantly since the onset of effective fire suppression early in the 20th century. Those changes have resulted in progressively decreasing light and nutrient supplies to herbaceous perennial understory species. Application of ecological restoration treatments such as reintroduction of frequent dormant-season fire and overstory thinning to pre-suppression density often increase light, soil temperature and moisture, and short-term nutrient availability to pre-suppression levels. To persist in this environment, perennial understory herbs must be able to acclimate phenotypically to the very different resource supply combinations present with and without fire suppression. As part of a larger study of the response of the long-lived herbaceous perennials Desmodium nudiflorum and Panicum boscii to ecosystem restoration treatments in Ohio mixed-oak forests, this study examined the ecophysiological effects of prescribed burning (B) and the combination of burning and thinning (T + B) in mixed-oak forests in southern Ohio. Control (C) plants had significantly lower maximum photosynthetic rate (A(max)) than those in the treated plots. The enhancement of A(max) averaged 26.7% and 52.7% in the B and T + B treatments, respectively. Plants from the T + B plots had higher quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic nutrient use efficiency than B and C plants. B plants had greater intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) than plants in the C or T + B treatments. Light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), and "dark" respiration (DR) did not differ among treatments. Photosynthetic parameters did vary significantly between the species, but no significant treatment x species interactions were detected. Our results support the hypothesis that prescribed burning, especially when combined with overstory thinning, in these perennial herbs can result in phenotypic acclimation characterized by enhanced photosynthetic performance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Huang, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Huang.404@osu.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 5 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.5.755 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215SX UT WOS:000249830400006 PM 21636444 ER PT J AU Graham, JM Haskell, MJ Pandey, P Shrestha, RK Brown, KH Allen, LH AF Graham, Joanne M. Haskell, Marjorie J. Pandey, Pooja Shrestha, Ram K. Brown, Kenneth H. Allen, Lindsay H. TI Supplementation with iron and riboflavin enhances dark adaptation response to vitamin A-fortified rice in iron-deficient, pregnant, nightblind Nepali women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; impaired pupillary threshold; nightblindness; iron deficiency; riboflavin; women; Nepal ID BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; RURAL NEPAL; SUBCLINICAL INFECTION; LACTATING WOMEN; INCREASES RISK; RAT-LIVER; BLINDNESS; ANEMIA; INDICATORS; CHILDREN AB Background: Nightblindness affects 16-52% of pregnant women in areas of Nepal and in some cases persists after vitamin A treatment. Iron and riboflavin affect vitamin A utilization and photoreceptor function, respectively, and pilot data in the study population showed a high prevalence of iron and riboflavin deficiencies. Objective: The objective was to assess the effect of supplemental iron and riboflavin on pupillary threshold (PT) and plasma retinol in nightblind, pregnant Nepali women given vitamin A-fortified rice. Design: Nightblind pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive, 6 d/wk under supervision for 6 wk, a vitamin A-fortified rice curry dish providing 850 jig retinal activity equivalents/d with either a 30-mg Fe and 6-mg riboflavin (FeR + VA) capsule or a placebo control (VA only) capsule. Hemoglobin, erythrocyte riboflavin, and plasma ferritin and retinol were measured before and after the intervention. Dark adaptation was assessed by PT score. Results: Women who were iron deficient at baseline (n = 38) had significantly greater improvement in PT score with iron and riboflavin supplementation than without (P = 0.05). Iron and riboflavin supplements significantly reduced the prevalences of riboflavin deficiency (from 60% to 6%; P < 0.0001), iron deficiency anemia (from 35% to 15%; P < 0.007), and abnormal PT (from 87% to 30%; P < 0.05) from baseline. Mean increases in erythrocyte riboflavin (P < 0.0001) and plasma ferritin (P = 0.01) were greater in the FeR + VA group than in the VA only group. Conclusions: Iron deficiency may limit the efficacy of vitamin A to normalize dark adaptation in pregnant Nepali women. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of simultaneous delivery of iron and vitamin A for the treatment of nightblindness. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr Biol, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NTAG, Kathmandu, Nepal. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr Biol, Program Int Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhallen@ucdavis.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1384 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 168GN UT WOS:000246511400028 PM 17490976 ER PT J AU Burkhart, CR Christ, BJ Haynes, KG AF Burkhart, Christopher R. Christ, Barbara J. Haynes, Kathleen G. TI Non-additive genetic variance governs resistance to Fusarium dry rot in a diploid hybrid potato population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum phureja; Solanum stenotomum; broad-sense heritability; narrow-sense heritability; diploid potato breeding ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; ROSEUM SAMBUCINUM; TUBERS; THIABENDAZOLE; INHERITANCE; HERITABILITY; CULTIVARS; SELECTION; CROSSES; FIELD AB Fusarium dry rot, caused by several Fusarium species, is a major storage disease of potatoes for which there is no fungicidal control. Levels of resistance in commercial potato germplasm are inadequate. The purpose of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to Fusarium dry rot in a diploid hybrid Solanum phureja-Solanum stenotomum population. Three tubers from each of four half-sibs from each of 38 diploid families were inoculated with a mixture of two isolates of Fusarium sambucinum and one isolate of Fusarium solani four times in both 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Tubers were then incubated for 40 days at 15 C and 90% relative humidity. The surface diameter and depth of infected tissue were measured in two directions, at right angles to each other. Depth of infected tissue was determined by cutting the tuber in half through the inoculation point. Mean depth and diameter of infected tissue were analyzed. There were significant differences among clones. The experiment x clone interaction was also significant. Broad-sense heritabilities and their 95% confidence intervals for resistance to Fusarium dry rot in this population were estimated as 0.63 (0.50, 0.71) and 0.81 (0.76, 0.86) in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, respectively, for mean diameter; and as 0.68 (0.57, 0.75) and 0.81 (0.75, 0.86) in 2003-2004 and 20042005, respectively, for mean depth. Narrow-sense heritabilities for mean diameter and depth were not significantly different from zero either year. Although there is genetic variation for resistance to Fusarium dry rot in this population, these results indicate that additive genetic variance is lacking or minimal, and therefore little or no genetic gain in resistance will be realized. A few highly resistant clones could, via 4x-2x crosses, theoretically transfer much of the dominance and epistatic variance governing resistance in this population to the tetraploid level. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Christ, BJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ebf@psu.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 195NB UT WOS:000248417800001 ER PT J AU Sabba, RP Bussan, AJ Michaelis, BA Hughes, R Drilias, MJ Glynn, MT AF Sabba, Robert P. Bussan, Alvin J. Michaelis, Bruce A. Hughes, Robert Drilias, Michael J. Glynn, Marty T. TI Effect of planting and vine-kill timing on sugars, specific gravity and skin set in processing potato cultivars SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glucose; periderm; reducing sugar; sucrose ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; REDUCING SUGAR; CHIP COLOR; KENNEBEC POTATOES; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; HARVEST-DATE; WATER-STRESS; FRY COLOR; MATURITY; SUCROSE AB Quality and storability of potato tubers harvested for storage are affected by their chemical, physiological and physical maturity. The sucrose concentration in potato tubers is indicative of the chemical maturity of the crop and of the potential processing quality of the crop after storage. High reducing sugar concentrations result in undesirable discoloration of fried potato products. Sucrose does not directly contribute to the discoloration of tuber tissue upon frying, but it influences reducing sugar concentrations during storage. Physiologically mature tubers have maximized their dry matter content, resulting in high specific gravities that are desirable for most aspects of potato processing. We examined the effect of different planting and vine-kill dates on the sucrose and glucose concentrations and specific gravity of five processing potato cultivars grown at Hancock, WI, during 2002 and 2003. Although planting date usually had no effect on sugar content at harvest, sucrose and glucose content decreased with earlier planting date at vine-kill in one of two years. Greater sucrose and glucose concentrations and specific gravities were found at harvest with later vine-kill dates. Of particular concern for processing, stem-end glucose concentrations consistently exceeded bud-end glucose concentrations for all cultivars, regardless of the cultural parameters implemented. Physically immature tubers have poor skin set and are prone to skinning and mechanical damage during harvest, which renders them more vulnerable to dehydration and infection by rotting pathogens in storage. Skin set of 'Russet Burbank' tubers in 2003 improved with late vine-kill timing. Our data indicate that chemical maturity does not necessarily correlate with either physiological or physical maturity in processing cultivars, thus rendering the use of cultural practices to improve tuber maturity at harvest problematic. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. RP Bussan, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ajbussan@wisc.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 195NB UT WOS:000248417800002 ER PT J AU Inglis, DA Brown, CR Gundersen, BG Porter, LD Miller, JS Johnson, DA Lozoya-Saldana, H Haynes, KG AF Inglis, D. A. Brown, C. R. Gundersen, B. G. Porter, L. D. Miller, J. S. Johnson, D. A. Lozoya-Saldana, H. Haynes, K. G. TI Assessment of Solanum hougasii in Washington and Mexico as a source of resistance to late blight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; germplasm; potato breeding ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT; CULTIVATED POTATO; COLUMBIA BASIN; POPULATIONS; FOLIAGE; TUBERS; IDENTIFICATION; PARAMETERS; COMPONENTS; GENOTYPE AB A segregating introgression population, established by crossing an accession of Solanum hougasii from the central highlands of Mexico with two successive recurrent corky ringspot resistant parental lines, was screened against Phytophthora infestans. Foliage and tuber reactions were compared under natural epidemics of US-8 and US-11 P. infestans at Mount Vernon, Washington, natural epidemics at Toluca, Mexico, and by laboratory assays with US-8 and US-11 P. infestans at Pullman, Washington. Relative area under disease progress curve (RAUDPC) values in the field ranged from 3 to 80 and 2 to 42 for the 1998 and 1999 populations at Mount Vernon, respectively, and from 5 to 63, 2 to 79, and 4 to 76 in 1998, 1999 and 2000 for the populations at Toluca, respectively. Of the progeny lines tested during 1998 and 1999 at Mount Vernon, 7% were resistant, 60% were intermediate, and 33% were susceptible. Of those tested during 1998, 1999, and 2000 at Toluca, 33, 3 1, and 36% were resistant, intermediate and susceptible, respectively. RAUDPC values in the field at Mount Vernon and Toluca were significantly (P = 0.0001) correlated. Late blight severity on detached leaflets inoculated with US-8 and US-11 P. infestans in the laboratory ranged from 0 to 64% or 65%, respectively. Severity of infection on inoculated tubers ranged from 0 to 68% for US-8 and 0 to 80% for US-11. Disease severity on leaflets in laboratory tests was significantly correlated with field RAUDPC values, but tuber severity in laboratory tests was not, although some lines exhibited resistance in both the foliage and tubers. Foliar resistance in the field was characterized by leaf chlorosis, as well as limited lesion expansion and sporulation. Estimate of broad-sense heritability was relatively high. Only 15% of this BC, population showed significant instability, giving little indication of specific interactions between genotypes and populations of the R infestans pathogen that would be indicative of R-gene interactions. The introgression population (BC1) appears to be expressing highly heritable durable resistance. The high heritability estimate suggests that utilization of highly resistant and stable BC1 genotypes, such as 53.78, as a parental source of foliar late blight resistance will transmit substantial non-race specific genetic resistance to future progenies, and that ultimately, after several cycles of backcrossing and selection, this genetic potential could be deployed in new potato cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. WSU Mt Vernon NW Washington Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecn, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 217 EP 228 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 195NB UT WOS:000248417800003 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Mojtahedi, H Brown, CR Anderson, T Riga, E AF Boydston, R. A. Mojtahedi, H. Brown, C. R. Anderson, T. Riga, E. TI Hairy nightshade undermines resistance of potato breeding lines to Columbia root-knot nematode SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nematode resistance; weed hosts; Meloidogyne chitwoodi; Solanum sarrachoides; Solanum tuberosum ID MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; VIRUS; BULBOCASTANUM; MANAGEMENT; HOSTS; WEEDS AB Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, is a major pest of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and is controlled by costly soil fumigation. Potato breeding lines have been developed with resistance to the predominant race 1 (CRKN-1) of M. chitwoodi. Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a common weed in potato production in the western USA and a host of CRKN-1. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted with two potato lines with known CRKN-1 resistance (PA95B4-67 and PA99N82-4) and a CRKN-1 susceptible potato cultivar, Russet Burbank. Very little or no CRKN-1 reproduction took place in roots of both resistant breeding lines, and only minor tuber infection occurred when grown in the absence of hairy nightshade. However, when resistant lines were grown in the presence of hairy nightshade, some PA95B4-67 tubers were infected, whereas PA99N82-4 expressed tuber resistance. Hairy nightshade grown with potato maintained CRKN-1 populations prior to potato tuber set, allowing nematodes to infect developing tubers lacking resistance. PA99N82-4 grown in the presence of CRKN-1 and hairy nightshade produced tubers free of CRKN-1 damage, indicating both root and tuber resistance to CRKN-1. Russet Burbank tubers were damaged by CRKN-1 regardless of hairy nightshade presence. These results demonstrate how weed hosts of CRKN-1 may negate the positive impact of growing CRKN-1 resistant potatoes that lack tuber resistance, and the importance of weed control on managing plant parasitic nematode populations. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM boydston@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 195NB UT WOS:000248417800006 ER PT J AU Pfaff, K Jansky, S AF Pfaff, Katrina Jansky, Shelley TI Effect of time and storage temperature on survival of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in dried potato stem tissue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disease resistance screening; early dying disease; Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium wilt ID CAUSAL AGENTS; COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE; ASSAY; WILT AB Verticillium wilt (Vw) is a widespread and significant disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is caused by the soil-borne fungi Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum. Host plant resistance is a promising method of Vw control. Culture-based methods that quantify the pathogen in host stem tissue are often used for Vw resistance screening. Either stem sap or dried stem tissue can be plated to measure pathogen populations in stems of plants that have been exposed to the pathogen. This study evaluated the effect of storage time and temperature on the survival of V dahliae microsclerotia in dried stem tissue. In both years of the study, the number of colony forming units (cfu) in stem samples did not change dramatically for the first six months in storage, regardless of storage temperature (80 C, -20 C, 4 C, 23 C). After that, cfu means decreased sharply at all temperatures. Long-term survival of microsclerotia was lowest in samples stored at room temperature. These data indicate that stem samples can be stored for processing for several months. If processing is to occur after that, then samples should be stored at 4 C. C1 USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 271 EP 273 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 195NB UT WOS:000248417800009 ER PT J AU Glanz, K Resnicow, K Seymour, J Hoy, K Stewart, H Lyons, M Goldberg, J AF Glanz, Karen Resnicow, Ken Seymour, Jennifer Hoy, Kathy Stewart, Hayden Lyons, Mark Goldberg, Jeanne TI How major restaurant chains plan their menus - The role of profit, demand, and health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FAST-FOOD CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; NUTRITION; TRENDS; DIET; HOME AB Background: Increased away-from-home eating is associated with lower diet quality, and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. Healthier food choices in restaurants may help mitigate the rise in obesity and improve diet quality. This study sought to understand the views of executives at major U.S. restaurant chains regarding the process, motivation for, and challenges of offering healthier options on their menus. Methods: The Healthy Menu Study used in-depth structured telephone interviews with 41 senior menu development and marketing executives at leading casual dining and fast-food restaurant chains. The interview guide covered menu trends, influences on introduction and continuation of new menu items, and barriers to adding healthy foods. Data analysis included tabulation of responses, identification of themes, and examination of subgroup differences. Results: Growing sales and increasing profits are the most important considerations, mentioned by 61% of respondents; health and nutrition were noted as important by 21%. Restaurants may try to avoid losing groups with a "health seeker" by offering healthier foods (low in fat and calories, more fruits and vegetables) (27% of chains), but operators believe demand for healthier foods is not widespread. Additional obstacles to including healthier menu items are short shelf life of produce (46%), increased preparation time, low sales, and high labor costs. Conclusions: Not surprisingly, profit margins are the primary determinants of why restaurants do or do not add and continue to serve healthier food options. Without an increase in consumer demand, it is unlikely the restaurant industry will increase their offering of healthy food choices. Insight into the restaurant industry perspective is important for developing promising strategies to encourage healthier eating patterns. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Produce Better Hlth Fdn, Wilmington, DE USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Techn Inc, Chicago, IL USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Glanz, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE,Room 526, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kglanz@sph.emory.edu NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 166YF UT WOS:000246416200004 PM 17478263 ER PT J AU Cox, J Grillet, ME Ramos, OM Amador, M Barrera, R AF Cox, Jonathan Grillet, Maria E. Ramos, Olga M. Amador, Manuel Barrera, Roberto TI Habitat segregation of dengue vectors along an urban environmental gradient SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; AEGYPTI DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; PUERTO-RICO; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; COMPETITION; MEDIOVITTATUS; REPLACEMENT AB Differential distributions of Aedes aegypti and Ae. mediovittatus (potential inter-epidemic dengue vector) and other mosquitoes colonizing bamboo pots in San Juan, Puerto Rico were studied along an urban-rural gradient. City regions (urban, suburban, and rural) and landscape elements within regions (forest [F], low-density housing [LDH], and high-density housing [HDH]) were identified using satellite imagery. Aedes species extensively overlapped in LDH of urban, suburban, and rural areas. Mosquito species showed their high specificity for landscape elements (96.6% correct classification by discriminant analysis); absence of Ae. mediovittatus in HDH or absence of Ae. aegypti in forests were the main indicator variables. The gradient was explained using a canonical correspondence analysis, which showed the association of Ae. aegypti with HDH in urban areas, Culex quinquefusciatus with LDH in suburbs, and Ae. mediovittatus and other native mosquitoes (Cx. antillummagnorum, Toxorhynchites portoricencis) with less disturbed habitats (forests, LDH). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Inst Zool Trop, Lab Biol Vectores, Caracas 1041 A, Venezuela. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Barrera, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM jonathan.cox@yale.edu; mgrillet@ciens.ucv.ve; oramos@fs.fed.us; mamador@cdc.gov; rbarrera@cdc.gov OI Grillet, Maria Eugenia/0000-0003-2922-6751 NR 32 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 165SR UT WOS:000246326300008 PM 17488898 ER PT J AU Parr, JB Sevilleja, JE Amidou, S Alcantara, C Stroup, SE Kohli, A Fayer, R Lima, AAM Houpt, ER Guerrant, RL AF Parr, Jonathan B. Sevilleja, Jesus Emmanuel Amidou, Samie Alcantara, Cirle Stroup, Suzanne E. Kohli, Anita Fayer, Ron Lima, Aldo A. M. Houpt, Eric R. Guerrant, Richard L. TI Detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium in HCT-8 cells and human fecal specimens using real-time polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PARVUM; PCR; INFECTIONS; GIARDIA AB Cryptosporidium is a significant cause of diarrheal illness worldwide, especially among children and immunocompromised patients. Currently used diagnostic techniques are time-consuming, require skilled technicians, and are not useful for quantification of oocysts in fecal and environmental samples. In this study, we examined the use of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting and quantifying Cryptosporidium parvum in three distinct and progressively more complex matrices: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), HCT-8 cells (human ileocecal carcinoma), and human fecal specimens. A reliable standard curve was generated using the PBS samples spiked with pure oocysts, and oocyst starting quantities were calculated for the infected HCT-8 cell and spiked fecal samples. The assay detected Cryptosporidium in samples infected/spiked with > 10(3) oocysts/sample and detected both C. hominis and C. parvum in clinical specimens. This assay is useful in a variety of samples in the research laboratory and will likely prove to be a useful tool in the clinical laboratory. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Philippines, Natl Inst Hlth, Manila, Philippines. Univ Virginia, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Venda Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol, Thohoyandou, South Africa. Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Clin Res Unit, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Univ Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Inst Biomed, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Guerrant, RL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, MR4,Lane Rd,Room 3148, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM guerrant@virginia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057168, U54 AI57168, U54 AI057168-010005] NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 938 EP 942 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 165SR UT WOS:000246326300029 PM 17488919 ER PT J AU Holland, MS Stasko, JA Holland, RE AF Holland, Margo S. Stasko, Judith A. Holland, Robert E. TI Influence of extracellular matrix on bovine mammary gland progenitor cell growth and differentiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; STEM-CELLS; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MORPHOGENESIS; INVITRO; TISSUE; MOUSE; LINE; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Objective - To examine the impact of simple versus complex extracellular matrices (ECMs) on morphologic development and differentiation of bovine mammary gland progenitor cells (BMGPCs). Sample Population - Cultures of BMGPCs. Procedures - BMGPCs were grown on the following extracellular matrices: collagen 1, collagen IV, laminin, and a commercially available gelatinous protein mixture. Cells were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results - Formation of organoids and production of the gap junction protein, connexin 43, were the criteria for BMGPC differentiation. The BMGPCs formed a 2-dimensional monolayer when grown on plastic, laminin, collagen 1, or collagen IV. These cells did not have a network of cells forming epithelial organoids resembling a honeycomb. However, they did produce gap junction proteins. When BMGPCs were cultured on the commercially available gelatinous protein mixture, 3-dimensional epithelial organoids resembling a honeycomb formed and connexin 43 was produced. The thickness of the commercially available gelatinous protein mixture also regulated cell shape reorganization. Cell density affected the formation organoid networks and the rate at which monolayers reached confluency. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - When plated on a commercially available gelatinous protein mixture, the BMGPC culture system allowed us to simulate, in vitro, the interaction between epithelial cells in varying stages of differentiation and the microenvironment. Thus, a heterogenous ECM, such as the commercially available gelatinous protein mixture, is more physiologically relevant in providing a microenvironment for BMGPC lineage pathway differentiation to mimic an in vivo environment. In contrast, BMGPCs grown on homogenous ECM, although able to produce connexin 43, are unable to form organoids. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Holland, MS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 68 IS 5 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.2460/ajvr.68.5.476 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 164JI UT WOS:000246229600005 PM 17472446 ER PT J AU Shin, YS Drolet, B Mayer, R Dolence, K Basile, F AF Shin, Yong-Seung Drolet, Barbara Mayer, Richard Dolence, Kurt Basile, Franco TI Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of proteins SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; RAPID ANALYSIS; ION-SOURCE; EXPLOSIVES; TIME; RESONANCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACES AB Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was evaluated for the detection of proteins ranging in molecular mass from 12 to 66 kDa. Proteins were uniformly deposited on a solid surface without pretreatment and analyzed with a DESI source coupled to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. DESI-MS parameters optimized for protein detection included solvent flow rate, temperature of heated capillary tube, incident and reflection angle, sheath gas pressure, and ESI voltage. Detection limits were obtained for all protein standards, and they were found to decrease with decreasing protein molecular mass: for cytochrome c (12.3 kDa) and lysozyme (14.3 kDa) a detection limit of 4 ng/mm(2) was obtained; for apomyoglobin (16.9 kDa) 20 ng/mm(2); for beta-lactoglobulin B (18.2 kDa) 50 ng/mm(2); and for chymotrypsinogen A (25.6 kDa) 100 ng/mm(2). The DESI-MS analysis of higher molecular mass proteins such as ovalbumin (44.4 kDa) and bovine serum albumin (66.4 kDa) yielded mass spectra of low signal-to-noise ratio, making their detection and molecular weight determination difficult. In this study, DESI-MS proved to be a rapid and robust method for accurate MW determination for proteins up to 17 kDa under ambient conditions. Finally, we demonstrated the DESI-MS detection of the bacteriophage MS2 capsid protein from crude samples with minimal sample preparation. C1 Univ Wyoming, ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab,Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Sch Pharm, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Basile, F (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab,Dept Chem, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM basile@uwyo.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016474-09, RR-16474, P20 RR016474] NR 35 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 9 BP 3514 EP 3518 DI 10.1021/ac062451t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 161PG UT WOS:000246027100030 PM 17394289 ER PT J AU Cushman, RA Allan, MF Jones, SA Rupp, GP Echternkamp, SE AF Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. Jones, S. A. Rupp, G. P. Echternkamp, S. E. TI Localization of Period 1 mRNA in the ruminant oocyte and investigations of its role in ovarian function SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oocyte; fertility; gene expression ID ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE; PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES; CLOCK GENES; BOVINE; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; TRANSITION; INITIATION; GROWTH; CELLS AB The clock gene Period 1 (Per1) may be a prolificacy gene, because it localized to the mouse oocyte and Per1-null drosophila shed fewer eggs. Because Per1 mapped to a region of mouse chromosome 11 syntenic to bovine chromosome 19 where a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ovulation rate existed, we hypothesized that Per1 influenced folliculogenesis and ovulation rate in ruminants. Ovarian cortex was collected at slaughter on days 5, 12,15, 17, and 20 after estrus for real-time RT-PCR evaluation of Per1 mRNA expression in Dorset (n = 18), Romanov (n = 10), Romanov/Dorset (n = 21), and Composite (n = 22) ewes. Ovarian cortex was also collected from cows selected for increased ovulation rate (n = 37) or unselected controls (n = 28) on days 4, 5, and 6 of the estrous cycle for in situ hybridization and real-time RT-PCR. To examine the role of Per1 in early follicular development, ovarian cortex from neonatal calves (n = 5) was cultured for 10 days and Per1 mRNA levels were measured on day 0 and on day 10 of culture. The primers generated a 483 bp amplicon with 100% sequence homology to bovine RIGUI-like protein (Per1). In silico mapping of this sequence placed Per1 on bovine chromosome 19; however, it was 20 cM from the QTL. Per1 mRNA expression was unaffected by prolificacy, day of the cycle, or pregnancy status in ewes or cows. The riboprobe hybridized to oocytes of bovine preantral and antral follicles. In bovine ovarian cortical cultures on day 0, the tissue contained mostly primordial follicles (5.6 +/- 0.6 follicles/section); however, after 10 days in culture, the number of primordial follicles per section decreased (0.5 follicles/section) and the number of primary follicles increased as follicles activated (day 0 = 0.5 +/- 0.6 versus day 10 = 10.4 +/- 0.6 primary follicles/section; P < 0.001). Per1 mRNA did not change over time in culture. We conclude that Per1 mRNA is expressed by ruminant oocytes in preantral and antral follicles; however, its physiological role in mammalian ovarian function remains to be elucidated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Great Plains Vet Educ Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cushman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM cushman@email.marc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.04.057 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 152OP UT WOS:000245371600010 PM 16787718 ER PT J AU Beckstead, J Meyer, SE Molder, CJ Smith, C AF Beckstead, Julie Meyer, Susan E. Molder, Cherrilyn J. Smith, Caitlyn TI A race for survival: Can Bromus tectorum seeds escape Pyrenophora semeniperda-caused mortality by germinating quickly? SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; biotic resistance; cheatgrass; Drechslera campanulata; invasive species; mycoherbicide; pathogen; seed bank; seed-borne ID DOWNY BROME; POPULATION; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; DYNAMICS AB Background and Aims Pathogen-seed interactions may involve a race for seed resources, so that seeds that germinate more quickly, mobilizing reserves, will be more likely to escape seed death than slow-germinating seeds. This race-for-survival hypothesis was tested for the North American seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda on seeds of the annual grass Bromus tectorum, an invasive plant in North America. In this species, the seed germination rate varies as a function of dormancy status; dormant seeds germinate slowly if at all, whereas non-dormant seeds germinate quickly. Methods Three experimental approaches were utilized: (a) artificial inoculations of mature seeds that varied in primary dormancy status and wounding treatment; (b) naturally inoculated undispersed seeds that varied in primary dormancy status; and (c) naturally inoculated seeds from the carry-over seed bank that varied in degree of secondary dormancy, habitat of origin and seed age. Key Results In all three approaches, seeds that germinated slowly were usually killed by the pathogen, whereas seeds that germinated quickly frequently escaped. Pyrenophora semeniperda reduced B. tectorum seed banks. Populations in drier habitats sustained 50 times more seed mortality than a population in a mesic habitat. Older carry-over seeds experienced 30 % more mortality than younger seeds. Conclusions Given the dramatic levels of seed death and the ability of this pathogen to reduce seed carry-over, it is intriguing to consider whether P. semeniperda could be used to control B. tectorum through direct reduction of its seed bank. C1 Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Beckstead, J (reprint author), Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. EM beckstead@gonzaga.edu NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 BP 907 EP 914 DI 10.1093/aob/mcm028 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 162WM UT WOS:000246120200011 PM 17353206 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Griswold, T Parker, FD AF Cane, James H. Griswold, Terry Parker, Frank D. TI Substrates and materials used for nesting by North American Osmia bees (Hymenoptera : Apiformes : Megachilidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE apoidea; bees; trap-nest; nest ID TRAP NESTS; COCKERELL HYMENOPTERA; TANNERI SANDHOUSE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; BIOLOGY; CRESSON; APOIDEA; RECORDS; FEMALE; ACANTHOSMIOIDES AB Nesting substrates and construction materials are compared for 65 of North America's 139 described native species of Osmia bees. Most accounts report Osmia bees nesting in preexisting cavities in dead wood or pithy stems such as elderberry (Sambucus spp.), with cell partitions and plugs made from a pulp of finely masticated leaf tissue. Mud is widely used by species constructing free-form clumps of nest cells against stone surfaces. Some Osmia bees adopt abandoned nests of other Hymenoptera, particularly those of mud dauber wasps (Sceliphron spp.) and larger ground-nesting bees (e.g., Anthophora spp.). Reports of subterranean nesting by Osmia species are uncommon but possibly under-represent the habit, because subterranean nests are obscure and likely to be scattered. Ground- or surface-nesting habits are suspected for species that are absent from intensive trap-nesting programs in their native ranges but that otherwise have been commonly taken at flowers. The range of nesting habits and materials of European species are largely comparable, although records indicate that far more European species may nest in empty snail shells. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jcane@biology.usu.edu NR 77 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 350 EP 358 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[350:SAMUFN]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 165SD UT WOS:000246324900002 ER PT J AU Hartsough, CDB Connor, EF Smith, DR Spicer, GS AF Hartsough, Chester D. B. Connor, Edward F. Smith, David R. Spicer, Greg S. TI Systematics of two feeding morphs of Schizocerella pilicornis (Hymenoptera : Argidae) and recognition of two species SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; speciation; Schizocerella pilicornis; mitochondrial DNA; phytophagy ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; DIFFERENTIATION; DROSOPHILA; TAXONOMY AB A number of species of Argidae were proposed in the late 1800s and early 1900s, all of which later were regarded as a single color-variable species, Schizocerella pilicornis (Holmgren). In the mid-1970s, an external-feeding type was reported in the literature, and it also was identified as S. pilicornis, although previously S. pilicornis was only known to feed by leaf mining. Thus, the uniqueness of a species with two distinct feeding types led us to question the taxonomy of S. pilicornis. We use data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) to show that the two feeding types have a sequence divergence of 5.8%, which exceeds the difference between many insect taxa currently classified as different species. Considering the existing evidence on morphological, behavioral, allozymic, and ecological differences, we here recognize these two feeding types as distinct species: Schizocerella pilicornis (Holmgren) as the leaf-mining species and Schizocerella lineata (Rohwer) as the external-feeding species. We provide a diagnosis for each species, and show that adults of S. pilicornis have a mostly black mesonotum, whereas adults of S. lineata have an orange-red mesonotum. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI Agr Res Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hartsough, CDB (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM cdh@sfsu.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[375:SOTFMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 165SD UT WOS:000246324900005 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Silvie, P Meagher, RL Lopez, J Machados, V AF Nagoshi, Rod N. Silvie, Pierre Meagher, Robert L. Lopez, Juan Machados, Vilmar TI Identification and comparison of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) host strains in Brazil, Texas, and Florida SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; haplotype ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; BERMUDAGRASS RESISTANCE; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; CORN; RICE; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; INSECTS; BIOLOGY AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major economic pest throughout the Western Hemisphere. Studies of populations in the southern United States and the Caribbean demonstrated the existence of two morphologically identical but genetically distinct host strains. These races can be distinguished by using polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene that define two distinct maternal lineages that correlate with strain-specific behaviors in Florida populations. Although there is evidence of different biotypes in Brazil, it has not been demonstrated that these biotypes are equivalent to the U.S. strains. Sampling from Brazil indicates that its fall armyworm populations consist of the two strain-specific haplotypes found in Florida and also display the expected biases in plant host distribution. The same genetic markers also were present in samples from Texas, a major source of migrating fall armyworm in North America. These results indicate that the biology and behaviors of Brazilian fall armyworm populations are similar to those found in North America. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. CIRAD Montpellier, UPR Syst Cotonniers Petit Paysannat, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, F-34398 Montpellier, France. USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Mol Biol Lab, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM rnagoshi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 33 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[394:IACOFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 165SD UT WOS:000246324900008 ER PT J AU Morton, DR Unruh, TR Lewis, TM Thomsen-Archer, K AF Morton, David R. Unruh, Thomas R. Lewis, Tamera M. Thomsen-Archer, Kelly TI Morphological and genetic divergence in three populations of Anthocoris antevolens (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Anthocoridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE morphometrics; genitalia; cryptic species; geographic variation; mtDNA ID SHAPE; GENITALIA; WASHINGTON; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS AB Anthocoris antevolens White (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is a widespread predatory bug in North America that exhibits substantial geographic variation in coloration, body measurements, size and shape of the male genitalia, pubescence, and sexual behavior. Earlier behavioral studies with three populations (including two populations that are sympatric in central Washington) showed that there was limited or no successful mating between insects from nonlike populations, despite vigorous mating attempts by males. The current study shows that males from those three populations diverge also in size and shape of claspers, length of the phallus, body measurements, and pubescence. Divergence extends to the two sympatric populations. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA shows that phenotypic divergence is associated with genetic divergence. Results reported here, in combination with the earlier published mating trials, support statements made elsewhere by us that A. antevolens is actually a complex of an unknown number of externally similar species. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Morton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM horton@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 403 EP 412 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 165SD UT WOS:000246324900009 ER PT J AU Raina, A Murphy, C Florane, C Williams, K Park, YI Ingbers, B AF Raina, Ashok Murphy, Charles Florane, Chistopher Williams, Kelley Park, Yong Ihl Ingbers, Bruce TI Structure of spermatheca, sperm dynamics, and associated bacteria in Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE primary reproductives; mating; oviposition; ultrastructure; bacteria ID BEES HYMENOPTERA; EPIDERMAL GLANDS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVES; HINDGUT; APOIDEA AB Primary reproductives of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), complete their first reproductive cycle in approximate to 60 d after nest formation. During this period, the pairs mate several times. The spherical, aflagellate sperm, after transfer by the male, are stored in the female's spermatheca. Sperm numbers in the spermatheca increase significantly between day 20 and 40, and thereafter they show a steep decline, indicating that the pairs may not be mating after day 40. The spermatheca is bean shaped with an extremely narrow duct. The thick wall of the spermatheca consists mainly of type 3 cells made up of secretory and duct cells. Cuticle-lined ducts are interspersed throughout these cells. Finger-like extensions of the cuticle-lined interior wall project into the spermathecal lumen. The secretory cells presumably provide nutrition for the sperm during their long storage. Eleven anaerobic and six aerobic species of bacteria were cultured and identified from the spermatheca. The role of these bacteria is unknown. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Struct Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[418:SOSSDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 165SD UT WOS:000246324900011 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Calvert, F Golden, M AF Follett, Peter A. Calvert, Fran Golden, Mary TI Genetic studies using the orange body color type of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae): Inheritance, sperm precedence, and disassortative mating SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE southern green stink bug; inheritance; X-linked trait; color polymorphism ID GREEN STINK BUG; L. HETEROPTERA; COMPETITION; POLYMORPHISM; INSECTS AB Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the southern green stink bug, has body color polymorphisms. N. viridula smaragdula is the common green morph, whereas the rare morph N. viridula f. aurantiaca is uniformly orange. Crossing studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of the orange body color trait. Mendelian genetic analysis suggested that orange body color is a simple, sex-linked recessive trait. In sperm precedence studies using orange females crossed with green and then orange males, or vice versa, the proportion of offspring attributable to the second male, P2, averaged 73.3% (extremes 23.5-100%). The average P2 in the first egg mass deposited after the new pairing was 71.8%. The pattern of sperm use provided evidence for incomplete sperm mixing, sperm stratification, and sperm displacement. Green females preferred mating with orange males (88%) compared with green males (12%), suggesting that disassortative mating may operate. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarcars.nscla.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[433:GSUTOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 165SD UT WOS:000246324900013 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Gilley, D Hooper, J AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Gilley, David Hooper, Judith TI The influence of season and volatile compounds on the acceptance of introduced European honey bee (Apis mellifera) Queens into European and Africanized colonies SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE honeybee queen; Africanized bee; pheromone; E-beta-ocimene; queen acceptance; Apis mellifera ID DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; NEST USURPATION; RECOGNITION; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE AB Mated European honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens were introduced into Africanized and European colonies to determine if acceptance rates differed. Prior to introduction, volatile compounds emitted by queens were collected. More queens were accepted by European colonies compared with Africanized. The highest supersedure rate occurred in Africanized colonies during summer introductions. Queen acceptance did not differ between European and Africanized colonies during spring or fall introductions. E-beta-ocimene was the only compound consistently detected in queens prior to their introduction, and was present in lower amounts in queens that were rejected within the first week of their introduction. The best time to introduce European queens appears to be in the fall when overall rejection rates are the lowest. C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Pima Res, Tucson, AZ 85728 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Res Labs, Div Neurobiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gdhoff@aol.com NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1051/apido:2007003 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 190TK UT WOS:000248083300003 ER PT J AU Ward, L Brown, M Neumann, P Wilkins, S Pettis, J Boonham, N AF Ward, Lisa Brown, Mike Neumann, Peter Wilkins, Selwyn Pettis, Jeff Boonham, Neil TI A DNA method for screening hive debris for the presence of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; real-time PCR; honey bee; small hive beetle; hive debris ID COLONIES APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY-BEES; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PEST AB The small hive beetle (SHB) is a parasite and scavenger of honey bee colonies. It has recently become an invasive species creating the need for an efficient and reliable detection method. We present a method to screen hive debris for the presence of SHB using real-time PCR in conjunction with an automated DNA extraction protocol. The method was able to detect DNA from SHB eggs, larvae and adult specimens collected from Africa, Australia and North America. The method was used to successfully detect SHB DNA extracted from spiked and naturally infested debris. An Apis mellifera 18S rRNA real-time PCR assay was used as an internal positive control (IPC). The IPC showed that the method was reliable for detection as extraction efficiency was consistent between hive debris samples. If the SHB were to establish at new locations, the availability of such a method would be a valuable support toot to enable species identification and rapid screening of hive debris for delimiting surveys. C1 Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Zool, D-06099 Halle, Germany. Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boonham, N (reprint author), Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. EM n.boonham@csl.gov.uk NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1051/apido:2007004 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 190TK UT WOS:000248083300008 ER PT J AU Zhang, WM Mullaney, EJ Lei, XG AF Zhang, Wanming Mullaney, Edward J. Lei, Xin Gen TI Adopting selected hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions from Aspergillus fumigatus phytase structure improves the thermostability of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; PICHIA-PASTORIS; THERMAL-STABILITY; WEANLING PIGS; GENE PHYA; EXPRESSION; GLYCOSYLATION; CLONING AB Although it has been widely used as a feed supplement to reduce manure phosphorus pollution of swine and poultry, Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase is unable to withstand heat inactivation during feed pelleting. Crystal structure comparisons with its close homolog, the thermostable Aspergillus fumigatus phytase (Afp), suggest associations of thermostability with several key residues (E35, S42, R168, and R248) that form a hydrogen bond network in the E35-to-S42 region and ionic interactions between R168 and D161 and between R248 and D244. In this study, loss-of-function mutations (E35A, R168A, and R248A) were introduced singularly or in combination into seven mutants of Afp. All seven mutants displayed decreases in thermostabillity, with the highest loss (25% [P < 0.05]) in the triple mutant (E35A R168A R248A). Subsequently, a set of corresponding substitutions were introduced into nine mutants of PhyA to strengthen the hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. While four mutants showed improved thermostability, the best response came from the quadruple mutant (A58E P65S Q191R T271R), which retained 20% greater (P < 0.05) activity after being heated at 80 degrees C for 10 min and had a 7 degrees C higher melting temperature than that of wild-type PhyA. This study demonstrates the functional importance of the hydrogen bond network and ionic interaction in supporting the high thermostability of Afp and the feasibility of adopting these structural units to improve the thermostability of a homologous PhyA phytase. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 252 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM XL20@cornell.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3069 EP 3076 DI 10.1128/AEM.02970-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 164MQ UT WOS:000246238500037 PM 17351092 ER PT J AU Malik-Kale, P Raphael, BH Parker, CT Joens, LA Klena, JD Quinones, B Keech, AM Konkel, ME AF Malik-Kale, Preeti Raphael, Brian H. Parker, Craig T. Joens, Lynn A. Klena, John D. Quinones, Beatriz Keech, Amy M. Konkel, Michael E. TI Characterization of genetically matched isolates of Campylobacter jejuni reveals that mutations in genes involved in flagellar biosynthesis alter the organism's virulence potential SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RESPONSE REGULATOR; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; TOXIN PRODUCTION; INFANT MICE; HELA-CELLS; CYTO-TOXIN; IN-VITRO; COLI AB Phenotypic and genotypic evidence suggests that not all Campylobacter jejuni isolates are pathogenic for humans. We hypothesized that differences in gene content or gene expression alter the degree of pathogenicity of C. jejuni isolates. A C. jejuni isolate (Turkey) recovered from a turkey and a second C. jejuni isolate (CS) recovered from a chicken differed in their degrees of in vitro and in vivo virulence. The C. jejuni Turkey isolate invaded INT 407 human epithelial cells and secreted the Cia (Campylobacter invasion antigen) proteins, while the C. jejuni CS isolate was noninvasive for human epithelial cells and did not secrete the Cia proteins. Newborn piglets inoculated with the C. jejuni Turkey isolate developed more severe clinical signs of campylobacteriosis than piglets inoculated with the C. jejuni CS isolate. Additional work revealed that flagellin was not expressed in the C. jejuni CS isolate. Microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that all flagellar class II genes were significantly downregulated in the C. jejuni CS isolate compared to the C. jejuni Turkey isolate. Finally, nucleotide sequencing of the flgR gene revealed the presence of a single residue that was different in the FlgR proteins of the C. jejuni Turkey and CS isolates. Complementation of the C. jejuni CS isolate with a wild-type copy of the flgR gene restored the isolate's motility. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that critical differences in gene content or gene expression can alter the pathogenic potential of C. jejuni isolates. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Technol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Konkel, ME (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM konkel@wsu.edu OI Raphael, Brian/0000-0003-2778-2623 NR 85 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3123 EP 3136 DI 10.1128/AEM.01399-06 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500001 PM 17369342 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, Brendan A. TI Irradiation sensitivity of planktonic and biofilm-associated Escherichia coli O157 : H7 isolates is influenced by culture conditions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA SPP.; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; RESISTANCE; RADIATION; HYPOCHLORITE; DISINFECTION; PENETRATION; SANITIZERS; CHLORINE AB Ionizing radiation effectively inactivates Escherichia coli O157:H7, but the efficacy of the process against biofilm cells versus that against free-living planktonic cells is not well documented. The radiation sensitivity of planktonic or biofilm cells was determined for three isolates of E. coli O157:H7 (C9490, ATCC 35150, and ATCC 43894). Biofilms were formed on sterile glass slides incubated at 37 degrees C for either 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h. The biofilm and planktonic cultures were gamma irradiated at doses ranging from 0.0 (control) to 1.5 kGy. The dose of radiation value required to reduce the population by 90% (D-10) was calculated for each isolate, culture, and maturity based on viable populations at each radiation dose. For each of the times sampled, the D-10 values of isolate 43894 planktonic cells (0.454 to 0.479 kGy) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those observed for biofilm cells (0.381 to 0.385 kGy), indicating a significantly increased sensitivity to irradiation for cells in the biofilm habitat. At the 24-h sampling time, isolate C9490 showed a similar pattern, in which the D-10 values of planktonic cells (0.653 kGy) were significantly higher than those for biofilm cells (0.479 kGy), while isolate 35150 showed the reverse, with D-10 values of planktonic cells (0.396 kGy) significantly lower than those for biofilm cells (0.526 kGy). At the 48-h and 72-h sampling times, there were no differences in radiation sensitivities based on biofilm habitat for C9490 or 35150. Biofilm-associated cells, therefore, show a response to irradiation which can differ from that of planktonic counterparts, depending on the isolate and the culture maturity. Culture maturity had a more significant influence on the irradiation efficacy of planktonic cells but not on biofilm-associated cells of E. coli O157:H7. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Brendan.Niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3239 EP 3244 DI 10.1128/AEM.02764-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500015 PM 17384305 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR Yu, O AF Guber, Andrey K. Pachepsky, Yakov A. Shelton, Daniel R. Yu, Olivia TI Effect of bovine manure on fecal coliform attachment to soil and soil particles of different sizes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDICATOR ORGANISMS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SANDY AQUIFER; POROUS-MEDIA; RUNOFF WATER; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; SURFACE; PATHOGENS AB Manure-borne bacteria can be transported in runoff as free cells, cells attached to soil particles, and cells attached to manure particles. The objectives of this work were to compare the attachment of fecal coliforms (FC) to different soils and soil fractions and to assess the effect of bovine manure on FC attachment to soil and soil fractions. Three sand fractions of different sizes, the silt fraction, and the clay fraction of loam and sandy clay loam soils were separated and used along with soil samples in batch attachment experiments with water-FC suspensions and water-manure-FC suspensions. In the absence of manure colloids, bacterial attachment to soil, silt, and clay particles was much higher than the attachment to sand particles having no organic coating. The attachment to the coated sand particles was similar to the attachment to silt and clay. Manure colloids in suspensions decreased bacterial attachment to soils, clay and silt fractions, and coated sand fractions, but did not decrease the attachment to sand fractions without the coating. The low attachment of bacteria to silt and clay particles in the presence of manure colloids may cause predominantly free-cell transport of manure-borne FC in runoff. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, A135 Bourns Hall, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM aguber@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 46 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3363 EP 3370 DI 10.1128/AEM.02434-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500029 PM 17369341 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Cofer, TA AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Cofer, Timothy A. TI Effect of a nonmetabolizable analog of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on glycolysis and ethanol production in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycolysis regulation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli; beta-D-fructose structural analog; 2,5-anhydromannitol; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ID ANOMERIC SPECIFICITY; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; SUBSTRATE; FRUCTOKINASE; SITE AB Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P2) is an allosteric activator of two key enzymes of glycolysis: phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Regulation of glycolysis in a wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a recombinant Escherichia coli by a dead-end structural analog of F-1,6-P2 was studied. 2,5-Anhydromannitol (2,5-AM), a structural analog of P-D-fructose, was used. On being taken up by the cells, 2,5-AM was converted into its monophosphate and diphosphate by the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The final product, 2,5-anhydromannitol-1,6-bisphosphate, could not be metabolized further and, therefore, accumulated inside the cells. Glucose and fructose were used as substrates. It was found that 2,5-AM at concentrations of 1 MM or less did not have any effect on either substrate consumption or ethanol production. At concentrations of 2,5-AM of 2.5 mM or greater, significant inhibition of both glucose and fructose was observed, with fructose inhibition much more severe. We discuss the possible mechanisms of glycolysis inhibition by 2,5-AM at high concentrations and the regulation of glycolysis by this compound. C1 Martek Biosci Corp, Winchester, KY USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Easter Reg Res Ctr, 600 Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 141 IS 2-3 BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1007/BF02729071 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 218XG UT WOS:000250048700013 PM 18025560 ER PT J AU Raper, RL AF Raper, R. L. TI In-row subsoilers that reduce soil compaction and residue disturbance SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE draft force; drawbar power; cone index; bulk density; residue; bentleg shanks; subsoiler; soil compaction ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; COASTAL PLAINS; CROP RESIDUE; INFILTRATION; DISRUPTION; EROSION; RUNOFF; WATER AB Aboveground soil disruption prior to planting is avoided in conservation tillage systems due to the need to keep plant residue in place. However, belowground disruption is necessary in many Southeastern U.S. soils to ameliorate soil compaction problems. For use in conservation tillage systems, belowground soil disruption should be maximized while aboveground disruption should be minimized. To assist in choosing the best shank for strip-tillage systems which accomplish both objectives, comparisons were made between several shanks commonly used for conservation tillage systems to provide in-row subsoiling prior to planting. A tractor-mounted three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure draft, vertical, and side forces in a Coastal Plain soil in Alabama. Three subsoiler systems were evaluated at different depths of operation: (i) Paratill (TM) bentleg shanks, (ii) Terramax (TM) bentleg shanks, and (iii) KMC straight shanks. A portable tillage profiler was used to measure both above- and belowground soil disruptions. Shallower subsoiling resulted in reduced subsoiling forces and reduced surface soil disturbance. The bentleg subsoilers provided maximum soil disruption and minimal surface disturbance and allowed surface residue to remain mostly undisturbed. Bentleg shanks provide optimum soil conditions for conservation systems by disrupting compacted soil profiles while leaving crop residues on the soil surface to intercept rainfall and prevent soil erosion. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 180BY UT WOS:000247336100001 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Frantz, JM Derksen, RC Krause, CR AF Zhu, H. Frantz, J. M. Derksen, R. C. Krause, C. R. TI Investigation of drainage and plant growth from nursery container substrate SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fertilizer; irrigation; leachate; butterfly bush; water quality; ornamentals ID IRRIGATION AB The amount of water and major nutrients lost through drainage from a nursery container substrate treated with different amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K), and potted with butterfly bush plants were investigated. The substrate was mainly composed of aged pine bark and steamed composted nursery trimmings as well as leftover potting mix from a commercial nursery. Plastic containers with nominal capacity of 3.8 L were equally divided into 10 groups containing the substrate with or without plants, and treated with different amounts of N, P, and K applied to the surface of the substrate. A total of 4.8 L of water was applied to the substrate in each container during a 28-day period of the test. There was 48.4% of NO3-N and 6.3% of P leached away when 0.8 g of NO3-N and 0.4 g of P were applied to the substrate in the container with plants during the test. The amount of nutrients in the substrate with the greatest plant growth and the lowest nutrient loss through drainage was 0.44 g for N and 0.18 g for P Substrate with plants had less water drainage and nutrient loss than the substrate with no plants. When the substrate moisture content was below 25%, the maximum amount of water that could be added into the substrate with plants before drainage was 257 mL of water/L of the substrate. Excess fertilizers applied to the container plants resulted in high nutrient loss and low plant growth rate. Current fertilizer use rates should be reduced to improve nursery production efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 180BY UT WOS:000247336100006 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Hunt, SL AF Hanson, G. J. Hunt, S. L. TI Lessons learned using laboratory jet method to measure soil erodibility of compacted soils SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE submerged JET; erodibility; compaction; specifications; critical stress; detachment ID EMBANKMENT DAMS; EROSION AB Overtopping, internal erosion, and piping are the main causes of accidents and failures of embankments for dams, lagoons, and levees. A key parameter in the failure of these structures is the erodibility of the soil materials used in construction of the embankments. The soil materials are typically constructed based on compaction specifications. The jet erosion test (JET) has been developed to study the erosion characteristics of soil materials. A laboratory version of this apparatus is described in this article and is used in this study to investigate the effects of compaction on erodibility. Two approaches for determining compaction specifications are also compared and discussed. Soil samples, 944 cm(3), were prepared at different compaction water contents and compaction efforts, and tested using the JET method. Erodibility was observed to vary by several orders of magnitude dependent on the soil gradation and plasticity, and the compaction effort and water content. The findings indicate the resistance to erosion for a given soil can be improved considering the following: compaction near optimum water content creates a structure most resistant to erosion; higher compaction effort at a given water content increases erosion resistance; and soil properties including, texture and plasticity, influence erosion resistance as much or more than compaction factors. The findings also indicate the usefulness for erodibility testing of embankment materials to aid in determining the optimal compaction specifications for a given soil. C1 USDA ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM greg.hanson@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 180BY UT WOS:000247336100008 ER PT J AU Buser, MD Whitelock, DP Holt, GA Armijo, CB Wang, L AF Buser, M. D. Whitelock, D. P. Holt, G. A. Armijo, C. B. Wang, L. TI Collection efficiency evaluation of baffle-type pre-separator configurations: Effects of baffle location and inlet velocities SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton gin; cyclone; particulate matter; 1D-3D; emissions; pre-separator; trash; waste AB Some cotton gins across the Cotton Belt use an abatement system consisting of a baffle-type pre-separator followed by cyclones to control the emissions from the cotton gin's various exhausts. Very limited information exists in the literature which discusses the effects of baffle location and critical velocity on the pre-separator's collection efficiency. In this study, a range of critical air velocities and loading rates were evaluated to determine the effect of baffle location of the pre-separator's collection efficiency when using cotton gin waste. None of the treatments significantly affected the over-sized cyclone or over-all collection efficiency. The pre-separator collection efficiency was higher (81%) when the baffle placed at one-third the overall width of the pre-separator from the inlet than when placed at one-half (78%) or two-thirds (75%). The pre-separator collection efficiency was 79.4% at 18.3-m s(-1) (3600-fpm) inlet velocity which was significantly higher than 78.2% at 20.3 m s(-1) (4000 fpm) and 78.5% at 22.4 m s(-1) (4400 fpm). Loading rate did significantly affect the pre-separator efficiency, but not to the extent of inlet velocity. The sieve analysis indicated that the pre-separator removed the majority of material larger than 180 mu m; however, the pre-separator did allow a substantial amount of lint to pass through to the cyclone. The baffle-type pre-separator performed well in reducing the course material loading rate entering the cyclone. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Lab, Mesilla Park, NM USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Buser, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E,FM1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM mbuser@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 180BY UT WOS:000247336100014 ER PT J AU Crosson, P Rotz, CA O'Kiely, P O'Mara, FP Wallace, A Schulte, RPO AF Crosson, P. Rotz, C. A. O'Kiely, P. O'Mara, F. P. Wallace, A. Schulte, R. P. O. TI Modeling the nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and outputs of financially optimal irish beef production systems SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE beef production; linear programming model; nitrogen; phosphorus; simulation model ID DAIRY FARMS; MANAGEMENT; LEVEL; STRATEGY; LOSSES; CATTLE AB Challenges currently faced by beef producers in Ireland include reducing their adverse environmental impact and maintaining farm economic margins. Fertilizers are essential for productive farming but they can be harmful to the environment when inappropriately or excessively applied to crop and pasture land. A linear programming model was used to identify financially optimal strategies for calf-to-stocker and calf-to-finish beef cattle production in high- and low-price market scenarios. The high-price scenario resulted in an increase in gross margin of $1,700 and $13,000 on a 40-ha farm for the stocker and finisher options, respectively. The impacts of these systems on environmental indicators were investigated through farm simulation. In general, the high-price scenarios were more intensive and had greater environmental impacts when compared to the low-price scenarios. Nitrogen leaching losses were quantitatively the most important. environmental indicator on well-drained soils with a maximum annual loss of 72 kg N/ha. Volatilization and denitrification losses of nitrogen (N) were also relatively high where more intensive production was practiced with annual losses of 48 and 23 kg N/ha, respectively, in the most intensive scenario identified. Predicted phosphorus losses were small although annual accumulations in the soil of up to 7.5 kg P/ha may lead to greater losses in the future. On poorly drained soils, volatilization losses were greatest with leaching losses in this case the lowest of the loss pathways investigated. Further reduction in inorganic nitrogen application has the potential to reduce N losses, but predicted concomitant reductions in farm gross margins were also considerable. C1 USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 2, Ireland. TEAGASC, Johnstown Castle Res Ctr, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 369 EP 377 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 180BY UT WOS:000247336100016 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DM Weimer, PJ AF Stevenson, David M. Weimer, Paul J. TI Dominance of Prevotella and low abundance of classical ruminal bacterial species in the bovine rumen revealed by relative quantification real-time PCR SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; PCR; Prevotella; primers; real-time PCR; rumen ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; POPULATIONS; DIETS; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; SAMPLES; PROBE; GRAIN AB Relative quantification real-time PCR was used to quantify several bacterial species in ruminal samples from two lactating cows, each sampled 3 h after feeding on two successive days. Abundance of each target taxon was calculated as a fraction of the total 16S rRNA gene copies in the samples, using taxon-specific and eubacterial domain-level primers. Bacterial populations showed a clear predominance of members of the genus Prevotella, which comprised 42% to 60% of the bacterial rRNA gene copies in the samples. However, only 2% to 4% of the bacterial rRNA gene copies were represented by the classical ruminal Prevotella species Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella ruminicola and Prevotella brevis. The proportion of rRNA gene copies attributable to Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Selenomonas ruminantium and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens were each generally in the 0.5% to 1% range. Proportions for Ruminobacter amylophilus and Eubacterium ruminantium were lower (0.1% to 0.2%), while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Streptococcus bovis, Ruminococcus albus and Megasphaera elsdenii were even less abundant, each comprising < 0.03% of the bacterial rRNA gene copies. The data suggest that the aggregate abundance of the most intensively studied ruminal bacterial species is relatively low and that a large fraction of the uncultured population represents a single bacterial genus. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pjweimer@wisc.edu NR 20 TC 244 Z9 265 U1 8 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0802-y PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 162NI UT WOS:000246094200019 PM 17235560 ER PT J AU Bae, JH Kim, DS Suh, MJ Oh, SR Lee, IJ Kang, SC Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Bae, Jae-Han Kim, Deuk-Soo Suh, Min-Jung Oh, Sei-Ryang Lee, In-Jung Kang, Sun-Chul Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI Production and identification of a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-hexadecenoic acid from palmitoleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa; palmitoleic acid; dihydroxy fatty acid; bioconversion ID HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; RICINOLEIC ACID; CONVERSION; INTERMEDIATE; BIOCONVERSION; PLANT AB Hydroxy fatty acids are considered as important value-added product for industrial application because of their special properties such as higher viscosity and reactivity. Microbial production of the hydroxy fatty acids from various fatty acid substrates have been actively studied using several microorganisms. The new bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) had been reported to produce mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids from different unsaturated fatty acids. Of those, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8 (E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD) were produced from oleic acid and ricinoleic acid, respectively. Based on the postulated common metabolic pathway involved in DOD and TOD formation by PR3, it was assumed that palmitoleic acid containing a singular 9-cis double bond, common structural property sharing with oleic acid and ricinoleic acid, could be utilized by PR3 to produce hydroxy fatty acid. In this study, we tried to use palmitoleic acid as substrate for production of hydroxy fatty acid by PR3 and firstly confirmed that PR3 could produce 7,10-dibydroxy-8(E)-hexadecenoic acid (DHD) with 23% yield from palmitoleic acid. DHD production was peaked at 72 h after the substrate was added to the 24-h-culture. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. KRIBB, Nat Med Res Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Daegu Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Coll Engn, Gyongsan, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM hakrkim@knu.ac.kr NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0832-5 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 172ZE UT WOS:000246842500022 PM 17262210 ER PT J AU Sirulnik, AG Allen, EB Meixner, T Fenn, ME Allen, MF AF Sirulnik, Abby G. Allen, Edith B. Meixner, Thomas Fenn, Mark E. Allen, Michael F. TI Changes in N cycling and microbial N with elevated N in exotic annual grasslands of southern California SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; mineralization; Mediterranean; grassland; microbial ID GROSS NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; SOIL-NITROGEN; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; INORGANIC NITROGEN; NATIVE SHRUB; FOREST SOILS; DEPOSITION; MINERALIZATION; BIOMASS; IMMOBILIZATION AB The impacts of nitrogen (N) fertilization and N deposition on N mineralization and microbial biomass were studied in exotic annual grasslands in southern California. The goal of the study was to understand how N deposition impacts N availability to the grasslands by studying mineralization in plots in an urban area that has received chronic N deposition for 50 years compared with N fertilized and control plots in a rural area. Fertilized plots had higher net and gross rates of N cycling than did soils from the control. The effect of soil mineral N concentrations on microbial N varied between and within growing seasons. Lower microbial N corresponded to more net N release and higher microbial N corresponded to less net N release. Urban soils often had higher NO3- concentrations than did soils from the rural site but there was no difference in NH4+ concentrations. Urban soils also had lower mineral N concentrations than the fertilized soils and mineralization patterns in the high N deposition soils did not resemble those in the fertilized soils, indicating that the levels of N deposition at this site were well below the experimental fertilization rate. The levels of soil mineral N in the rural site were considerably higher than from other studies in the same plots in recent years. This corresponds with rapidly increasing suburbanization of the rural site and increasing N deposition, as suggested from a recent air pollution model. Although the urban and rural soils were not as different in mineral N concentrations as expected, soils in exotic grasslands near urban areas across the region can have mineral N concentrations as high as the fertilized soils, indicating that increased N cycling and altered microbial N may occur under N deposition. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Sirulnik, AG (reprint author), 119 S Highland Ave,2E, Ossining, NY 10652 USA. EM abbysirulnik@verizon.net NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.11.004 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 144AD UT WOS:000244766600001 ER PT J AU Caesar-TonThat, TC Caesar, AJ Gaskin, JF Sainju, UM Busscher, WJ AF Caesar-TonThat, T. C. Caesar, A. J. Gaskin, J. F. Sainju, U. M. Busscher, W. J. TI Taxonomic diversity of predominant culturable bacteria associated with microaggregates from two different agroecosystems and their ability to aggregate soil in vitro SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil aggregation; bacterial community; water stable aggregates; aggregate strength ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; METHYL-ESTER FAME; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGUS; BINDING-PROPERTIES; MODEL SYSTEM; PLANT; ROOTS; POLYSACCHARIDES; PROFILES AB Soil macroaggregates (> 250 mu m) are easily disrupted when wetted quickly, whereas microaggregates (50-250 mu m) are highly stable. There is little knowledge of functional groups of bacteria from microaggregates that can stabilize soil and their diversity. We isolated the predominant bacteria from microaggregates collected from two agroecosystems: a site cropped to barley (40 years with tillage) and to alfalfa (9 years with no tillage) and assayed for their potential to aggregate soil in an in vitro assay. Soil suspensions from physically disrupted microaggregates were spiral-plated and bacterial colonies were isolated from the most dilute portion of the spiral then purified. To characterize the culturable bacteria thus isolated, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, substrate utilization patterns (Biolog), and DNA sequence analysis using 16s rRNA amplification region were performed for bacterial identification. Principal component analysis of FAME profiles and Biolog patterns was conducted to describe patterns of community composition of bacterial species within each agroecosystem. Gram-negative bacteria in microaggregates from barley soil consisted entirely of Pseudomonas spp. whereas Stenotrophomonas, Sphingobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Acinetobacter spp. were found in addition to the Pseudomonas in microaggregates of alfalfa soil. Artificial aggregates were generated by amending a sandy soil with pure cultures of various species identified from microaggregates of both soils and tested for their water stability and their strength. The results indicated that Stenotrophomonas and Sphingobacterium species exhibited the greatest ability to stabilize soil and to increase aggregate strength among several species tested. This study demonstrated that microaggregates harbor functional groups of bacterial species capable of aggregating soil particles in vitro, and there were a greater range of such species in microaggregates of non-disturbed soil (alfalfa) than in disturbed, yearly tilled soil (barley). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Caesar-TonThat, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. EM caesart@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.11.007 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 144AD UT WOS:000244766600002 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, TJ Lawson, TB Church, GE AF Pfeiffer, Timothy J. Lawson, Thomas B. Church, Gaby E. TI Engineering considerations for water circulation in crawfish ponds with paddlewheel aerators SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE paddlewheel aerators; aerator efficiency; channel roughness coefficient; red swamp crawfish ID AQUACULTURE; AERATION AB Engineering considerations for paddlewheel aeration in vegetated shallow water ponds for the production of procambarid crawfish is necessary to ensure cost-effective application. Three experimental ponds (approximately 2 ha each) were planted with rice in August as forage for the resident pond population of red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, and flooded in October. Two 2.2 kW (3 hp), single-phase electric motor (110 V(ac)) paddlewheel aerators were placed in each pond. The aerator rotors were 160-cm long and 95-cm, in diameter. The aerator rotor had 36 paddies with half the paddies 27.3-cm long and half 34.9-cm long. Rotor speed was set at 83 rpm and operated at three paddle submergence settings: 7.6, 12.7, and 17.8 cm below the water surface. Over a 20-week period between November and April, channel velocity, head difference, and aerator amperage was measured for both one and two aerators in operation in each pond. Results indicated that circulation of oxygenated water from the aerators can be accomplished as efficiently with a single aerator set at a lower paddle depth (7.6-cm) compared to operating two aerators set at a greater paddle depth (12.7 or 17.8-cm). However, based on the apparent efficiency of the aerators and the calculated channel roughness coefficients values obtained from the channel velocities, paddlewheel aerators are an inefficient option for circulating the pond water especially when rice foliage dominants the total vegetative biomass of the pond. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pfeiffer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM tpfeiffer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.12.004 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 159CY UT WOS:000245844200004 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Stone, DAJ Hardy, RW AF Barrows, Frederic T. Stone, David A. J. Hardy, Ronald W. TI The effects of extrusion conditions on the nutritional value of soybean meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE diet processing; extrusion; soybean processing; rainbow trout ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FISH-MEAL; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; FEED INGREDIENTS; PROTEIN-QUALITY; CHANNEL CATFISH; HEAT-TREATMENT; COHO SALMON; DIETS AB Feed ingredients and complete feeds are exposed to varying degrees of heating during manufacturing and processing. Heat treatment of soybeans is necessary to de-nature endogenous trypsin inhibitors and maximize nutritional value, but overheating can damage protein and reduce nutritional value. This study was conducted to determine the effects of extrusion cooking, the primary method of aquafeed production, on the nutritional value of fish meal and soybean meal based diets. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial treatment design was used with pre-cooking (+ or-), time in extruder barrel (18 or 37 s), and extruder temperature (93 or 127 degrees C) as the fixed factors. These conditions were selected to achieve both under and overcooking of the soy protein, given the limitations of the equipment. A twin-screw cooking extruder (Buhler, DNDL-44) was used to produce the eight experimental diets and each was fed to triplicate groups of 40 g trout for 84 days. Trypsin inhibitor levels (TIU), protein dispersibility index (PDI), nitrogen solubility index (NSI), and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein, organic matter, lipid, energy and carbohydrate were measured for each diet. Commercially purchased, solvent extracted SBM contained 5100 TIU/g, and after pre-cooking through the extruder with barrel temperatures of 127 degrees C for 17 s, contained 2300 TIU/g. The diets contained less than the detectable limit of 2000 TIU/g, probably due to a combination of dilution and processing effects. PDI values of the diets suggest that pre-cooking SE-SBM decreased protein value, however, neither PDI nor NSI values were correlated to weight gain. There was no significant effect of pre-cooking or extruder temperature on feed intake or weight gain, but time in the extruder barrel significantly affected feed intake and weight gain; longer extrusion time significantly decreased feed intake and weight gain. Higher temperature in the extruder barrel significantly improved FCR. Pre-cooking SE-SBM before inclusion in the diet significantly improved the ADC for organic matter, energy, and carbohydrates. These results demonstrate the importance of extruder processing conditions on fish performance, and indicate high temperature (127 degrees C) and short time in the extruder barrel results in the greatest weight gain of rainbow trout. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-H Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rbarrows@uidaho.edu NR 45 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 265 IS 1-4 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.017 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 162ZT UT WOS:000246128800027 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL French, R AF Robertson, N. L. French, R. TI Genetic structure in natural populations of barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus isolates from Alaska SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN; MULTIPLE ALIGNMENTS; PAV; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; LUTEOVIRIDAE; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; RPV AB The genetic structure of natural populations of Alaskan barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-PAV, BYDV-PAS, and cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV)-RPV from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) in Alaska were analyzed between 2002 and 2004. PCR products spanning the viral coat protein gene of 187 isolates were cloned and sequenced. The majority (78%) were similar to BYDV-PAS, 19% were similar to CYDV-RPV, and only about 3% resembled BYDV-PAV. The CYDV-RPV isolates clustered in three groups: 44, 17, and 39% resembled RPS-like CP from Mexico, resembled RPV-like CP from New York, or formed a unique clade that was RPV/RPS recombinant CP, respectively. The patterns of genetic variation of PAS and RPV varied little over time or with respect to host plant. The difference in spatial and temporal population genetic structures of the PAS and RPV isolates suggests that these two viruses are influenced by different agroecological factors. Sequence of PCR products spanning the carboxyl terminus of the polymerase gene, the intergenic region, and most of the coat protein gene of RPV revealed two probable ancestral recombination events for some isolates. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Arct Germplasm Introduct & Res Project, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Arct Germplasm Introduct & Res Project, Palmer Res Stn,533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM pfnlr@uaa.alaska.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 152 IS 5 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0913-x PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 160TN UT WOS:000245965300005 PM 17216137 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK Lager, KM Kohutyuk, OI Vincent, AL Henry, SC Baker, RB Rowland, RR Dunham, AG AF Cheung, A. K. Lager, K. M. Kohutyuk, O. I. Vincent, A. L. Henry, S. C. Baker, R. B. Rowland, R. R. Dunham, A. G. TI Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in United States swine herds SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; CLINICAL CONDITIONS; PIGS; REPLICATION; PCV-2; SPAIN; DNA AB In late 2005, sporadic cases of an acute onset disease of high mortality were observed in 10- to 16-week-old growing pigs among several swine herds of the United States. Tissues from the affected pigs in Kansas, Iowa, and North Carolina were examined, and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was detected consistently among these tissues. Phylogenetically, PCV2 can be divided into two major genotypic groups, PCV2-group 1 and PCV2-group 2. Whereas PCV2-group 1 isolates were detected in all the diseased animals, only two of the diseased animals harbored PCV2-group 2 isolates. This observation is important because PCV2-group 1 isolates had never been reported in the United States before (GenBank as of May 16, 2006), and they are closely related to the PCV2-group 1 isolates that have been described in Europe and Asia, previously. Our analysis revealed that each genotypic group contains a distinct stretch of nucleotide or amino acid sequence that may serve as a signature motif for PCV2-group 1 or PCV2-group 2 isolates. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA USA. Abilene Anim Hosp PA, Abilene, KS USA. N Carolina State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ryan Vet Serv, Ryan, IA USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 151 Z9 169 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 152 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1044 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0909-6 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 160TN UT WOS:000245965300019 PM 17219018 ER PT J AU Azrak, RG Cao, SS Pendyala, L Durrani, FA Fakih, M Combs, GF Prey, J Smith, PF Rustum, YM AF Azrak, Rami G. Cao, Shousong Pendyala, Lakshmi Durrani, Farukh A. Fakih, Marwan Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Prey, Joshua Smith, Patrick F. Rustum, Youcef M. TI Efficacy of increasing the therapeutic index of irinotecan, plasma and tissue selenium concentrations is methylselenocysteine dose dependent SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methylselenocysteine; selenium; FaDu; A253; irinotecan ID HUMAN TUMOR XENOGRAFTS; SERUM SELENIUM; CANCER PREVENTION; CHEMOPREVENTION; APOPTOSIS; LYMPHOMA; AGENTS; ARREST; CELLS; RAT AB This study was designed to understand the basis for the efficacy of methylselenocysteine (MSC) in increasing the therapeutic index of irinotecan against human tumor xenografts. Nude mice bearing human head and neck squamous cells carcinoma xenografts (FaDu and A253) were treated orally with different doses of MSC and irinotecan. Plasma, tumor and normal tissue samples were collected at different times after MSC treatments and were analyzed for selenium (Se) concentration using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. MSC is highly effective in modulating the therapeutic index of irinotecan. Enhanced irinotecan efficacy was greater in FaDu tumors (100% CR) than in A253 tumors (60% CR), and depended on MSC dose with a minimum effective dose of 0.01 mg/d x 28. The highest plasma Se concentration was achieved 1 h after a single dose and 28 d after daily treatments of MSC. The ability of FaDu tumors to retain Se was significantly better than A253 tumors, and the highest Se concentration in normal tissue was achieved in the liver. Peak plasma and tissue Se concentrations were functions of the dose and duration of MSC treatment. The MSC-dependent increase in Se level in normal tissues may contribute to the protective effect against irinotecan toxicity observed, in those tissues. Intratumoral total Se concentration was not found to be predictive of the combination therapy response rates. There is a critical need to develop a method to measure the active metabolite of MSC, rather than total Se. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Azrak, RG (reprint author), Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. EM Azrak@roswellpark.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016056-27, CA16056, CA65761, R01 CA065761-06, P30 CA016056] NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1280 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.12.020 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 164TM UT WOS:000246257300003 PM 17239826 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Liu, H AF Pemberton, Robert W. Liu, Hong TI Control and persistence of native Opuntia on Nevis and St. Kitts 50 years after the introduction of Cactoblastis cactorum SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control risk; non-target effects; biological control safety; cacti conservation; the Caribbean islands; herbivory; Consolea rubescens; Opuntia cochenillifera; Opuntia stricta; Opuntia rubescens; Opuntia triacantha ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; NORTH-AMERICA; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; FLORIDA; CACTI; RISK; MOTH AB Since Cactoblastis cactorum appeared in Florida in 1989, via importation of infested horticultural Opuntia plants and/or natural spread from the Caribbean, there has been a concern about the moth's threat to native and economic North American and Mexican Opuntia. The moth's occurrence in the Caribbean is due to its introduction to Nevis Island in 1957 for the control of native Opuntia that were pasture weeds. We assessed the abundance of C. cactorum in target and non-target Opuntia species and the persistence of these Opuntia species on the small islands of Nevis and St. Kitts 50 years after the moth's introduction. C. cactorum occurred at 10/16 sites on the two islands and attacked 22.7% of total plants. Of the four Opuntia sensu lato species found, three were attacked, including the native targets Opuntia triacantha (with 15.6% of plants and 8.9% of pads attacked) and Opuntia stricta (with 44.4% plants and 8.1% pads attacked), and the non-target cultivated and naturalized Opuntia cochenillifera (with 19.1% plants and 1.2% pads attacked). The native nontarget tree pear, Consolea (= Opuntia) rubesens, was not attacked. Larger and wild plants had significantly higher percentages of attack. Based upon our data, it appears that biological control of O. triacantha and O. stricta persists and these natives have survived 50 years of C. cactorum attack on these small islands, despite fears that the moth could have caused their extinction. Our analysis of this historical biological control effort suggests that the potential impact of C. cactorum on Dative North American and Mexican Opuntia will be significant and variable, but not necessarily catastrophic. C1 USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Univ Florida,FLERC, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Univ Florida,FLERC, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM bobpem@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.02.002 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 164TG UT WOS:000246256700014 ER PT J AU Wilkins, MR Widmer, WW Grohmann, K Cameron, RG AF Wilkins, Mark R. Widmer, Wilbur W. Grohmann, Karel Cameron, Randall G. TI Hydrolysis of grapefruit peel waste with cellulase and pectinase enzymes SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus; grapefruit; peel; enzymes; ethanol; renewable fuels ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ORANGE PEEL; FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; SUGARS; XYLOSE; ACID AB Approximately 1 million metric tons of grapefruit were processed in the 2003/04 season resulting in 500,000 metric tons of peel waste. Grapefruit peel waste is usually dried, pelletized, and sold as a low-value cattle feed. This study tested different loadings of commercial cellulase and pectinase enzymes and pH levels to hydrolyze grapefruit peel waste to produce sugars. Pectinase and cellulase loadings of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg protein/g peel dry matter were tested at 45 degrees C. Hydrolyses were supplemented with 2.1 mg beta-glucosidase protein/g peel dry matter. Five mg pectinase/g peel dry matter and 2 mg cellulase/g peel dry matter were the lowest loadings to yield the most glucose. Optimum pH was 4.8. Cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose in grapefruit peel waste can be hydrolyzed by pectinase and cellulase enzymes to monomer sugars, which can then be used by microorganisms to produce ethanol and other fermentation products. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Wilkins, MR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 111 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mark.wilkins@okstate.edu RI Wilkins, Mark/C-1339-2009 OI Wilkins, Mark/0000-0002-9551-5386 NR 24 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1596 EP 1601 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.022 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 144DG UT WOS:000244775100013 PM 16934453 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Springer, TL AF Weimer, P. J. Springer, T. L. TI Fermentability of eastern gamagrass, big bluestem and sand bluestem grown across a wide variety of environments SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bluestem; consolidated bioprocessing; ethanol; fermentability; gamagrass ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; SEASON GRASSES; FORAGE QUALITY; SWITCHGRASS; ETHANOL; HARVEST; REGISTRATION; MANAGEMENT AB Plant biomass has attracted interest as a feedstock for biofuels production, but much of this work has been focused on relatively few plant species. In this study, three relatively-unstudied species of warm-season perennial grasses, grown at multiple locations in the eastern and central US and harvested over a three year period, were examined for fermentability via in vitro ruminal gas production and dry matter digestibility assays, and near-infrared reflectance calibrations were developed for these fermentation parameters. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) displayed greater fermentability than did sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack) or eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], but displayed lower biomass yields. The bluestems also displayed lower N contents and less variation in fermentability over different growth environments (geographic locations and harvest years), suggesting a more consistent biomass quality than for eastern gamagrass. Thus, in addition to their use as forage for ruminant animals, bluestems may be of particular interest as feedstocks for bioconversion to ethanol and other products via direct microbial fermentation (consolidated bioprocessing) schemes, and thus merit additional efforts to enhance biomass yield potential. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Dorage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, So Plais Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Dorage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pjweimer@wisc.edu NR 32 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 144DG UT WOS:000244775100016 PM 16962323 ER PT J AU Chang, KS Chang, CS Park, TY Roh, MS AF Chang, Kae-Sun Chang, Chin-Sung Park, Tae Yoon Roh, Mark S. TI Reconsideration of the Prunus serrulata complex (Rosaceae) and related taxa in eastern Asia SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE morphology; principal components analysis; taxonomy ID SEQUENCES AB The Prunus serrulata complex with several infraspecific taxa, including P. jamasakura and P. leveilleana, is indigenous to eastern Asia. Although these taxa are very common, the taxonomic confusion surrounding this complex is reflected in the ambiguity shown by the various taxonomic treatments currently used. Patterns of intraspecific variation and recognition of taxa within the P. serrulata complex and its related species were investigated in 468 individuals using principal components analysis. Particular emphasis was placed on P. serrulata, P. jamasakura, and P. leveilleana because of their high degree of morphological intergradation and inconsistent circumscription in the various systematic treatments. Although morphological variation among different taxa of the P. serrulata complex was continuous for most reproductive and leaf characters, the related taxa (P. pseudocerasus, P. lannesiana f. albida, and P. sargentii) were found to be distinct based on the number of flowers per inflorescence and peduncle length. In general, the number of flowers per inflorescence, the flower size, peduncle length, and hair density on the pedicel were found to be characters of great taxonomic value for most of the related taxa. However, there is not sufficient morphological evidence for the taxonomic splitting of P. serrulata to warrant the designation of varieties, with the exception of the pubescent taxon, P. serrulata var. pubesecens. (C) 2007 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Arboretum, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chang, CS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM quercus@plaza.snu.ac.kr NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 154 IS 1 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00631.x PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169FB UT WOS:000246577000004 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Zhang, J Baker, JM Kljun, N Billmark, K AF Griffis, T. J. Zhang, J. Baker, J. M. Kljun, N. Billmark, K. TI Determining carbon isotope signatures from micrometeorological measurements: Implications for studying biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; ecosystem respiration; flux-gradient; heterogeneous terrain; keeling plot; Lagrangian flux and concentration footprints; similarity theory; stable isotopes ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; LAGRANGIAN FOOTPRINT MODEL; ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CYCLE RESEARCH; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-VAPOR; FLUXES; VEGETATION AB In recent years considerable effort has been focused on combining micrometeorological and stable isotope techniques to partition net fluxes and to study biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes. While much progress has been achieved over the last decade, some new issues are beginning to emerge as technological advances, such as laser spectroscopy, permit isotopic fluxes to be measured more easily and continuously in the field. Traditional investigations have quantified the isotopic composition of biosphere-atmosphere exchange by using the Keeling two-member mixing model (the classic Keeling plot). An alternative method, based on a new capacity to measure isotopic mixing ratios, is to determine the isotope composition of biosphere-atmosphere exchange from the ratio of flux measurements. The objective of this study was to critically evaluate these methods for quantifying the isotopic composition of ecosystem respiration (delta(R)) over a period of three growing seasons (2003-2005) within a heterogeneous landscape consisting of C-3 and C-4 species. For C-4 canopies, the mixing model approach produced delta(R) values that were 4-6 parts per thousand lower (isotopically lighter) than the flux-gradient method. The analyses presented here strongly suggest that differences between flux and concentration footprint functions are the main factor influencing the inequality between the mixing model and flux-gradient approaches. A mixing model approach, which is based on the concentration footprint, can have a source area influence more than 20-fold greater than the flux footprint. These results highlight the fact that isotopic flux partitioning is susceptible to problems arising from combining signals (concentration and fluxes) that represent very different spatial scales (footprint). This problem is likely to be most pronounced within heterogeneous terrain. However, even under ideal conditions, the mismatch between concentration and flux footprints could have a detrimental impact on isotopic flux partitioning where very small differences in isotopic signals must be resolved. C1 Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Griffis, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM tgriffis@umn.edu RI Kljun, Natascha/B-8467-2008; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 OI Kljun, Natascha/0000-0001-9650-2184; NR 45 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 123 IS 2 BP 295 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10546-006-9143-8 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 157EZ UT WOS:000245702700006 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RSH Spies, TA AF Kennedy, Rebecca S. H. Spies, Thomas A. TI An assessment of dead wood patterns and their relationships with biophysical characteristics in two landscapes with different disturbance histories in coastal Oregon, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; LAND-USE HISTORY; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; DEBRIS; VEGETATION; VARIABLES; REGIONS AB Understanding the relative importance of landscape history, topography, vegetation, and climate to dead wood patterns is important for assessing pattern-process relationships related to dead wood and associated biodiversity. We sampled dead wood at four topographic positions in two landscapes (1400-2100 km(2)) that experienced different wildfire and salvage histories in coastal Oregon. Study objectives were to (i) determine whether and how the landscapes differed in dead wood amounts and characteristics and (ii) evaluate relationships between dead wood characteristics and potentially related biophysical variables associated with historical and current vegetation, topography, climate, soils, and ecoregion. Despite differences in history, the two landscapes differed little in total dead wood volume; however, they differed in dead wood volume by structural type, decay class, and source (legacy/nonlegacy). Dead wood varied by topographic position, and topography was of greatest importance compared with other factors. In this mountainous region, upper topographic positions may be source areas for dead wood and riparian areas and streams sinks for dead wood. Climate explained more variance in dead wood in the landscape that burned earlier and was not salvaged. Landscape-scale patterns of dead wood are evident in landscapes with different disturbance histories and despite finer-scale variation in topography, vegetation, and other biophysical attributes. C1 Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, RSH (reprint author), Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rebeccakennedy@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 940 EP 956 DI 10.1139/X06-298 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 197RI UT WOS:000248573500009 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Shortle, WC Jellison, J Connolly, J Schilling, J AF Smith, Kevin T. Shortle, Walter C. Jellison, Jody Connolly, Jon Schilling, Jonathan TI Concentrations of Ca and Mg in early stages of sapwood decay in red spruce, eastern hemlock, red maple, and paper birch SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CONIFER LOGS; CALCIUM; DECOMPOSITION; SOIL; CHRONOSEQUENCE; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB The decay of coarse woody debris is a key component in the formation of forest soil and in the biogeochemical cycles of Ca and Mg. We tracked changes in density and concentration of Ca and Mg in sapwood of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) in Maine and New Hampshire. We repeatedly sampled 10 logs of each combination of tree species and location at the time of felling and at 2-year intervals for 6 years (birch and hemlock) or 8 years (spruce and maple). We found that density loss was essentially linear for the time period investigated, with birch and maple sapwood decaying at faster rates than spruce and hemlock. Repeated-measures analysis and regression modeling of log-transformed concentrations indicated a significant accumulation of Ca for sapwood of all tree species at both locations (30%-90% increase after 6-8ayears of ground contact). Regression estimates of Mg concentration in spruce and maple declined about 20% during the 8 years of ground contact. There was no significant trend for Mg concentration in birch and hemlock. Variation in decay rates and trends in Ca and Mg concentration may be due to differences in sapwood quality, the community of wood decay fungi and associated organisms, or to abiotic conditions. C1 N Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Husson Coll, Sch Human Sci, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioproduct & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), N Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ktsmith@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 957 EP 965 DI 10.1139/X06-264 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 197RI UT WOS:000248573500010 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ AF McCormick, Susan P. Alexander, Nancy J. TI Myrothecium roridum Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for three oxygenation steps SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichothecene; P450 oxygenase; trichodiene; Tri4; multifunctional oxygenase; mono-oxygenase; isotrichodiol; 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; GENE; MYCOTOXINS; COMPLEMENTATION; DISRUPTION; SYNTHASE; CULTURE; MUTANTS AB The biosyntheses of both macrocyclic trichothecenes in Myrothecium roridum and simple trichothecenes in Fusarium species begin with the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate to form the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon trichodiene. A previous study showed that Myrothecium has a cluster of 3 genes that are homologous with Fusarium trichothecene genes: Tri4, a P450 oxygenase; Tri5, the sesquiterpene cyclase; and Tri6, a zinc-finger regulatory gene. Fusarium graminearum Tri4 (FgTri4) and M. roridum MrTri4 (MrTri4) have 66.9% identity. In this study, MrTri4 was expressed in Fusarium verticillioides. Liquid cultures of transformant strains expressing MrTri4 converted exogenous trichodiene to isotrichodiol, indicating that MrTri4 controls 3 oxygenation steps and that the product of MrTRI4 is isotrichodiol. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM susan.mccormick@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1139/W07-025 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 199FV UT WOS:000248682500004 PM 17668015 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Maxwell, SL Rensing, C Gerba, CP Pepper, IL AF Brooks, J. P. Maxwell, S. L. Rensing, C. Gerba, C. P. Pepper, I. L. TI Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and endotoxin associated with the land application of biosolids SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolids; antibiotic resistance; endotoxin; groundwater; land application ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; SOIL; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; COMMUNITY; WATER; DUST AB The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and endotoxin in soil after land application of biosolids. Soil was collected over a 15 month period following land application of biosolids, and antibiotic resistance was ascertained using clinically relevant antibiotic concentrations. Ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline resistance were all monitored separately for any changes throughout the 15 month period. Endotoxin soil concentrations were monitored using commercially available endotoxin analysis reagents. Overall, land application of biosolids did not increase the percentage of antibiotic-resistant culturable bacteria above background soil levels. Likewise, land application of biosolids did not significantly increase the concentration of endotoxin in soil. This study determined and established a baseline understanding of the overall effect that land application of biosolids had on the land-applied field with respect to antibiotic-resistant bacterial and endotoxin soil densities. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Mgmt & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brooks, JP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 429 Shantz Bldg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jbrooks@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Rensing, Christopher/D-3947-2011 OI Rensing, Christopher/0000-0002-5012-7953 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1139/W07-021 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 199FV UT WOS:000248682500009 PM 17668020 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Grieve, CM Yang, CH AF Ibekwe, A. Mark Grieve, Catherine M. Yang, Ching-Hong TI Survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in soil and on lettuce after soil fumigation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE survival; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; soil; rhizosphere; fumigant; contamination ID REAL-TIME PCR; IRRIGATION WATER; BOVINE FECES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CONTAMINATED MANURE; LEAF LETTUCE; AMENDED SOIL; PERSISTENCE; FATE; O157H7 AB Long-term survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil and in the rhizosphere of many crops after fumigation is relatively unknown. One of the critical concerns with food safety is the transfer of pathogens front contaminated soil to the edible portion of the plants. Multiplex fluorogenic polyrnerase chain reaction was used in conjunction with plate counts to quantify the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in soil after fumigation with methyl bromide and methyl iodide in growth chamber and microcosm laboratory experiments. Plants were D-own at 20 degrees C in growth chambers during the first experiment and soils were irrigated with water contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. For the second experiment, soil microcosms were used in the laboratory without plants and were inoculated with E. coli 015:H7 and spiked with the two fumigants. Printers and probes were designed to amplify and quantify the Shiga-like toxin I (sal) and 2 (stx2) genes and the intimin (eae) gene of E. coli 015:H7. Both fumigants were effective in reducing pathogen concentrations in soil, and when fumigated soils were compared with nonfumigated soils, pathogen concentrations were significantly higher in the nonfurnigated soils throughout the study. This resulted in a longer survival of the pathogen on the leaf surface especially in sandy soil than observed in fumigated soils. Therefore, application of fumigant may play some roles in reducing the transfer of E. coli O157:H7 from soil to leaf. Regression models showed that survival of the pathogen in the growth chamber study followed a linear model while that of the microcosm followed a Curvilinear model, suggesting long-term survival of the pathogen in soil. Both experiments showed that E. coli O157:H7 can Survive in the environment for a long period of time, even under harsh conditions, and the pathogen can survive in soil for more than 90 days. This provides a very significant pathway for pathogen recontamination in the environment. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sci Biol, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 West Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1139/W07-003 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 199FV UT WOS:000248682500010 PM 17668021 ER PT J AU Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Bettge, A. D. Morris, C. F. TI Oxidative gelation measurement and influence on soft wheat batter viscosity and end-use quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE PENTOSANS; FERULIC ACID; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CROSS-LINKING; FLOUR; PROTEIN; ARABINOXYLANS; PEROXIDASE; DOUGH; VARIETIES AB Viscosity is an important end-use attribute for some soft wheat flour formulations. Specifically, in formulations with minimal gluten development, such as batters (as in cake, pancake, and doughnut) and coatings (as in tempura), viscosity is important to leavening gas retention and flow characteristics. Current tests for predictors of viscosity leave considerable unexplained variation. The potential for water-extractable arabinoxylans to form oxidative gels through ferulic acid dimerization may represent an important component of viscosity variation. A method was developed to identify variation in viscosity due to oxidative gelation. This method, comparing viscosity of flour slurries made with water, a peroxide-peroxidase system, and a system with xylanase, indicated that two, and likely three, types of oxidative gelation were contributing to viscosity. Predicted viscosity due to inter-arabinoxylan gelation through ferulic acid dimerization, dityrosine formation among proteins, and ferulic acid-tyrosine bond formation varied among wheat cultivars. Oxidative gel formation increased batter viscosity probably due to water sequestration; this effect was correlated with reduction in the sugar snap cookie spread (diameter). Results indicate that oxidative gelation is an important contributor to batter viscosity and also contributes to the quality attributes of dough systems. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bettge, AD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM abettge@wsu.edu NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-3-0237 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178LU UT WOS:000247223000006 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Price, NPJ AF Leathers, Timothy D. Price, Neil P. J. TI Effect of oil extraction method on enzymatic digestibility of corn germ arabinoxylan SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHARIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; FIBER C1 USDA, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 243 EP 245 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-94-3-0243 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178LU UT WOS:000247223000007 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Hamaker, SAH Sessa, DJ AF Selling, Gordon W. Hamaker, Sharon A. H. Sessa, David J. TI Effect of solvent and temperature on secondary and tertiary structure of zein by circular dichroism SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL ROTATORY DISPERSION; KDA ALPHA-ZEIN; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; NEURAL-NETWORK; SPECTRA; DEAMIDATION; MAIZE; DECONVOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY AB Circular dichroism studies were performed on zein to determine how the secondary and tertiary structure changes with different solvents, temperatures, or pH. Alcoholic solvent type and common denaturants such as SDS and low amounts of urea had little effect on the secondary structure of zein. Utilization of dimethylformamide or acetic acid as solvent gave changes in tertiary structure. Solutions of zein in 8M urea produced solutions with large changes in tertiary structure. The dissolution of zein in 50 mM sodium hydroxide produces a zein with large changes in secondary and tertiary structure and little loss in primary structure. Increasing the temperature of zein to 70 degrees C in 80% ethanol-water gave reversible changes in the primary structure (20% reduction in absolute magnitude of [theta](lambda) at 208 and 222 nm) and tertiary structure (40% reduction in absolute magnitude of [theta](lambda) at 268 nm). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sellingg@ncaur.usda.gov NR 54 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 21 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-3-0265 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178LU UT WOS:000247223000012 ER PT J AU Wang, YG Khan, K Hareland, G Nygard, G AF Wang, Y. G. Khan, K. Hareland, G. Nygard, G. TI Distribution of protein composition in bread wheat flour mill streams and relationship to breadmaking quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SPRING WHEAT AB Wheat protein quantity and composition are important parameters for wheat baking quality. The objective of this study was to use fractionation techniques to separate the proteins of flour mill streams into various protein fractions, to examine the distribution of these protein fractions, and to establish a relationship between protein composition and breadmaking quality. Nine break streams, nine reduction streams, and three patent flours obtained from three samples of Nekota (a hard red winter wheat) were used in this study. A solution of 0.3M NaI + 7.5% 1-propanol was used to separate flour protein into monomeric and polymeric proteins. The protein fractions, including gliadin, albumin+globulin, HMW-GS, and LMW-GS, were precipitated with 0.1M NH4Ac-MeOH or acetone. The fractions were statistically analyzed for their distribution in the mill streams. The quantities of total flour protein and protein fractions in flour were significantly different among mill streams. The ratio of polymeric to monomeric proteins in break streams was significantly greater than in the reduction streams. The relationship between protein composition and bread-making quality showed that the quantities of total flour protein, albumin+globulin, HMW-GS, and LMW-GS in flour were significantly and positively correlated with loaf volume. The ratio of HMW-GS to LMW-GS had little association with loaf volume. The gliadin content in total flour protein was negatively and significantly correlated with loaf volume. These results indicated that the quantity and composition of protein among the mill streams was different, and this resulted in differences in breadmaking quality. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Dundrum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Khan, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM khalil.khan@ndsu.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-94-3-0271 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178LU UT WOS:000247223000013 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Wiessenborn, DP AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Wiessenborn, Dennis P. TI Influence of physical grain characteristics on optimal rotor speed during impact dehulling of oats SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL SIZE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TEST WEIGHT; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Central to commercial oat (Avena sativa L.) processing is impact dehulling. During impact dehulling, oats are fed into a spinning rotor that expels the grains against an impact ring. The impact frees the groat from the hulls. To optimize dehulling protocols, we examined the effects of physical grain characteristics and rotor speed on oat dehulling using an impact dehuller. We separated grain of three cultivars (Gem, CDC Dancer, Ronald) according to size by sieve fractionation (separation by width), disk fractionation (separation by length), and by gravity table (separation by density). Grains were characterized by mass, digital image analysis, and bulk density. Samples (50 g) were adjusted to 9% moisture and dehulled at four different rotor speeds. Groat percentage, dehulling efficiency, and groat breakage were measured after dehulling. In general, oats with higher bulk density dehulled more efficiently at slower rotor speeds, regardless of grain mass. Groat breakage increased with rotor speed and with grain mass. Adjusting dehulling conditions according to grain size improved groat yields over optimal dehulling conditions for unfractionated grains for some cultivars. More refined fractionation of grain according to bulk density may provide further improvement of groat yield during impact dehulling. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-3-0294 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178LU UT WOS:000247223000018 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Lizotte, RE Knight, SS Smith, S Cooper, CM AF Moore, M. T. Lizotte, R. E., Jr. Knight, S. S. Smith, S., Jr. Cooper, C. M. TI Assessment of pesticide contamination in three Mississippi Delta oxbow lakes using Hyalella azteca SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE growth impairment; DDT; triazine; organophosphate ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ATRAZINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; SEDIMENTS; COMPONENTS; MIXTURE AB Three oxbow lakes in northwestern Mississippi, USA, an area of intensive agriculture, were assessed for biological impairment from historic and current-use pesticide contamination using the amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Surface water and sediment samples from three sites in each lake were collected from Deep Hollow, Beasley, and Thighman Lakes from September 2000 to February 2001. Samples were analyzed for 17 historic and current-use pesticides and selected metabolites. Ten-day H. azteca survival and growth (as length and dry weight) were measured to determine the degree of biological impairment. Maximum number of detectable pesticides in surface water from Deep Hollow, Beasley and Thighman Lakes was 10, 11, and 17, respectively. Maximum number of detectable pesticides in lake sediments was 17, 17, and 15, respectively. Bioassay results indicated no observable survival effects on H. azteca exposed to surface water or sediment from any lake examined and no growth impairment in animals exposed to lake sediments. However, growth was significantly impaired in surface water exposures from Deep Hollow Lake (2 sites) and Beasley Lake (1 site). Statistically significant relationships between growth impairment (length) and cyanazine, methyl parathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, and pp'DDE surface water concentrations in Deep Hollow Lake as well as trifluralin, atrazine, and methyl parathion in Beasley Lake were observed. Although pesticide frequency and concentrations were typically greater in sediment than surface water, bioassay results indicated decreased availability of these pesticides in sediment due to the presence of clay and organic carbon. Growth impairment observed in surface water exposures was likely due to complex interaction of pesticide mixtures that were present. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2007 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2184 EP 2191 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165VZ UT WOS:000246335500011 PM 17258272 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Radosevich, TJ Stabel, JR Sreevatsan, S Kapur, V Paustian, ML AF Bannantine, John P. Radosevich, Thomas J. Stabel, Judith R. Sreevatsan, Srinand Kapur, Vivek Paustian, Michael L. TI Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies and aptamers against major antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; JOHNES-DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; SHEEP AB Specific antibodies, available in unlimited quantities, have not been produced against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the bacterium that causes Johne's disease (JD). To fill this gap in JD research, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were produced from BALB/c mice immunized with a whole-cell extract of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. A total of 10 hybridomas producing MAbs to proteins ranging from 25 to 85 kDa were obtained. All MAbs showed some degree of cross-reactivity when they were analyzed against a panel of whole-cell protein lysates comprising seven different mycobacterial species. The MAbs were characterized by several methods, which included isotype analysis, specificity analysis, epitope analysis, reactivity in immunoblot assays, and electron microscopy. The identities of the antigens that bound to two selected MAbs were determined by screening an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis lambda phage expression library. This approach revealed that MAb 9G10 detects MAP1643 (isocitrate lyase) and that MAb 11G4 detects MAP3840 (a 70-kDa heat shock protein), two proteins present in high relative abundance in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The epitopes for MAb 11G4 were mapped to the N-terminal half of MAP3840, whereas MAb 9G10 bound to the C-terminal half of MAP1643. Aptamers, nucleic acids that bind to specific protein sequences, against the hypothetical protein encoded by MAP0105c were also generated and tested for their binding to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis as well as other mycobacteria. These detection reagents may be beneficial in many JD research applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Vet Populat Med Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biomed Genom, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1128/CVI.00022-07 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 170RN UT WOS:000246681800005 PM 17344350 ER PT J AU Shogren, R Biresaw, G AF Shogren, Randal Biresaw, Girma TI Surface properties of water soluble maltodextrin, starch acetates and starch acetates/alkenylsuccinates SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE surface; interface; starch; acetate; alkenylsuccinate; emulsify ID CONTACT ANGLES; POLYMER SURFACES; ESTERS; TENSION; BIODEGRADATION; SUBSTITUTION; AMYLOPECTIN; EMULSIONS; AMYLOSE; LIQUIDS AB Surface and interfacial tensions with hexadecane were measured for water soluble maltodextrin and starch ester solutions in order to determine their potential as stabilizers or emulsifiers. The surface tension for an acid hydrolysed starch (maltodextrin) initially declined with concentration and then reached an equilibrium value of 56 mN/m at 20-40 wt.%, suggesting that hydrated starch has this surface energy. Surface and interfacial tensions of starch acetates decreased more rapidly with concentration reaching values of 41-44 and 11-13 mN/m, respectively, at 40 wt.%. There was little dependence of surface or interfacial tensions ' on degree of substitution between 0.3 and 0.8 and amylose content of starch acetates. Surface and interfacial tensions for starch acetate/alkenylsuccinates were lower than those for starch acetates, particularly at low concentrations. Emulsions of soybean oil/water mixtures were stabilized for >1 day by waxy starch acetate/octenylsuccinate and acetate/dodecenylsuccinate but not starch acetates. In summary, these starch esters may represent biodegradable, economical alternatives to some emulsifiers and coating polymers currently in use. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 3 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.10.070 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 164UI UT WOS:000246259700004 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, R. W. Russell, B. A. Poch, S. M. Richards, M. P. TI Expression of lipogenic enzymes in chickens SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; diet; enzyme activities ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AMINO-ACID BALANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; ENERGY RELATIONS; BROILER CHICKEN; MALIC ENZYME; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; INVITRO LIPOGENESIS AB Hubbard x Hubbard chickens (Gallus gallus) growing from 7 to 28 days of age were fed 12 or 30% protein diets and then switched to the diets containing the opposite level (if protein. Birds were killed on days 28, 29, 30 and 31. Measurements taken included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activities and the expression of the genes for ME, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase (ACC). Gene expression was determined with a combined RT-PCR using SYBR green as a fluorescent probe monitored in a real time mode. IVL and ME activity were inversely related to dietary protein levels (12 to 30%) and to acute changes in either level. In contrast, both ICD and AAT activities were increased by any increase in dietary protein. Lipogenic gene expression was inversely related to protein level, whether fed on an acute or chronic basis. It appears that real time RT-PCR is an acceptable method of estimating gene expression in birds. In addition, further work will focus on primer sizes that might further optimize RT-PCR as an instrument for studying the regulation of avian lipid metabolism. Results of the present study demonstrate a continued role for protein in the regulation of broiler metabolism. However, it shou A be pointed out that metabolic regulation at the gene level only occurs when feeding very high levels of dietary protein. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 BARC EAST, USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), BARC EAST, USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200 Rm 212,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rosebro@ANRI.BARC.USDA.GOV NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 147 IS 1 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.12.035 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 161DY UT WOS:000245995700026 PM 17289415 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Forcella, F Archer, D Reicosky, D AF Spokas, K. Forcella, F. Archer, D. Reicosky, D. TI SeedChaser: Vertical soil tillage distribution model SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE seed movement; soil movement; Leslie matrix; seedbank; conservation tillage ID WEED SEED; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CULTIVATION; EMERGENCE; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; VALIDATION; SEEDBANKS; SEEDLINGS AB Knowledge of the vertical distribution of surface residues, chemicals, or seeds following tillage operations is of great importance to a wide variety of soil research areas. This paper describes a ID empirical vertical soil tillage distribution model with I cm grid spacing (SeedChaser) that predicts vertical redistribution of weed seeds following user selected (a) sequences of tillage implements, and (b) initial seed distribution values. Results of this model are particularly suited for weed seed emergence modeling. However, the model can be adapted easily to any surface broadcasted agrochemical or incorporated residues. The present model can handle up to 20 passes of user selected sequences of 16 different implements. The majority of prior models examined only the impact of a more limited list of implements at much larger depth intervals, which reduced the predictability of fine-scale vertical movement that may be needed for simulating movements of seeds or chemical granules. ScedChaser consolidates the results from these previous models along with new data on conservation tillage implements into a prediction tool that would have applications both in weed science, as well as other soil research areas. SeedChaser was developed in JAVA and is publicly available via the Internet. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM spokas@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.01.014 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 165GO UT WOS:000246292400006 ER PT J AU Cole, JB AF Cole, John B. TI PyPedal: A computer program for pedigree analysis SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE inbreeding; pedigree analysis; pedigree simulation; visualization ID NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; REPRESENTATION; POPULATION; INVERSE AB PyPedal is a pedigree analysis package that provides tools for error checking, mathematical analysis, report generation, pedigree simulation, and data visualization. A number of measures of genetic variability are provided, including coefficients of inbreeding and relationship, effective founder and ancestor numbers, and founder genome equivalents. Routines are also included for identifying ancestors and descendants, computing coefficients of inbreeding from potential matings, quantifying pedigree completeness, visualizing pedigrees, and producing high-quality printed reports. In addition, a module is provided for applying graph theoretic tools to pedigrees. Input and output files utilize plain-text formats, and printed reports are rendered as Adobe PDF files. Users can easily write programs for automating analyses as well as create new reports. PyPedal has been validated using dairy cattle and working dog pedigrees. It is written in the Python programming language and operates on a number of operating systems, including GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows. The program is free of charge; code, documentation, and examples of usage are available at http://pypedal.sourceforge.net/. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, BARC W, Room 306,Bldg 005,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcole@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.02.002 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 165GO UT WOS:000246292400011 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN AF Miklas, Phillip N. TI Marker-assisted backcrossing QTL for partial resistance to sclerotinia white mold in dry bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BUNSI-DERIVED RESISTANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; CROSS; AVOIDANCE AB White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease limiting dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Genetic resistance provides some control but is difficult to breed for because of low heritability. We sought to determine if marker-assisted selection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring partial resistance could facilitate breeding for resistance to white mold in dry bean. The Phs marker linked with a QTL derived from landrace G122 on linkage group B7 was back crossed-into 'Winchester' pinto, forming two BC3F4.6 inbred line populations. The AW9.1200 and SS18.1650 markers linked with a QTL from snap bean breeding line NY6020-4 on B8 were backcrossed into 'Maverick' pinto and 'Matterhorn' great northern, forming B3CF4.6 inbred line populations. The B7 QTL in the BC3F4.6 populations on average explained 52% of the phenotypic variation for disease reaction in the greenhouse test and 10% across four field tests. The B8 QTL explained 30% in the greenhouse and 10% in the field. Averaged across tests and populations the B7 and B8 QTL conditions 15 and 17% reduction in disease severity score, respectively. Linkage drag from selection of the B7 QTL was observed for yield. MAS for the B7 and B8 QTL was an effective breeding tool for introgrossing partial resistance to white mold into susceptible pinto and great northern dry bean market classes, but further selection agronomic performance may be required to obtain lines worthy of commercial production. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Vegetable Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Vegetable Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0525 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200004 ER PT J AU Tang, HV Pedersen, JF Chase, CD Pring, DR AF Tang, Hoang V. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Chase, Christine D. Pring, Daryl R. TI Fertility restoration of the sorghum A3 male-sterile cytoplasm through a sporophytic mechanism derived from sudangrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; RESTORER GENE; POLLEN; REGISTRATION; PARAMUTATION; PEPTIDE; BICOLOR; COTTON; LINES; RICE AB Fertility restoration of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines carrying the IS1112C (A3 group) male-sterile cytoplasm has been documented as a two-gene gametophytic mechanism involving complementary action of restoring alleles designated, Rf3 and Rf4, as derived from IS1112C. Fertility restoration capability has also been reported from sudangrass (S. bicolor subsp. drummondii) populations. We describe characteristics of a fertility restoration system derived from sudangrass in which male-sterile individuals were observed at high frequency in backcross and F-2-F-3 segregating populations. Segregation analysis were consistent with a sporophytic system involving two complementary genes. Pollen iodine staining in fertile progeny indicated, that the restorers were not efficacious, and fertility was decreased in progeny of backdrosses. Silencing of restoring alleles through paramutation might be operative in these examples. Sudangrass-derived fertiliores ration did not involve enhanced transcript processing of the chimeric mitochondrial open reading frame orf107. Thus male sterility induced by the A3 cytoplasm can be restored through differential mechanisms. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Chem Res Unit,CMAVE, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Florida, Hort Sci Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pring, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Chem Res Unit,CMAVE, Dept Plant Pathol, 1453 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM drpg@ufl.edu NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 943 EP 950 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0542 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200005 ER PT J AU Niu, C Hinchliffe, DJ Cantrell, RG Wang, CL Roberts, PA Zhang, JF AF Niu, Chen Hinchliffe, Doug J. Cantrell, Roy G. Wang, Congli Roberts, Philip A. Zhang, Jinfa TI Identification of molecular markers associated with root-knot nematode resistance in upland cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; CULTIVATED TETRAPLOID COTTON; GENE ANALOGS; GALLING INDEX; AFLP; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; EXPRESSION AB Cotton breeding for the resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] is hindered by the lack of convenient and reliable screening methods for the resistant plants. The identification of molecular markers closely linked to RKN resistance will facilitate the development of RKN resistant cultivars through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Our objective was to identify and develop new DNA markers that are associated with RKN resistance in cotton. Using three pairs of near-isogenic (NIL) resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines, two AFLP markers, two RAPD markers, and three RGA markers were identified to be polymorphic between the NIL-R and NIL-S lines. One RAPD marker was converted into a sequence-tagged site (STS) marker. In an F-2 population of 'ST 474' x 'Auburn 634 RNR', the two RAPD markers and the STS marker were mapped to the linkage group containing several markers that were previously reported to be linked with the RKN resistance gene rkn1 on chromosome 11 in "Acala NemX'. All these markers were found to be associated with a major RKN resistance gene, presumably Mi(2) in the resistant line Auburn 634 RNR, suggesting that rkn1 and Mi(2) are either allelic or closely linked. In addition, no susceptible recombinants were found in a resistance screen of 200 F-2 plants from the cross Acala NemX x Auburn 634 RNR. The utility of the two RAPD markers are the converted STS marker were evaluated using 23 R and 8 S germplasm lines. The RAPD and STS markers, along with the other previously reported markers associated with RKN resistance will be useful in germplasm screening, MAS and RKN resistance, and map-based cloning for the RKN resistance genes. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environ Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environ Sci, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 951 EP 960 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0499 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200006 ER PT J AU Singh, P Teran, H Lema, M Webster, DM Strausbaugh, CA Miklas, PN Schwartz, HF Brick, MA AF Singh, P. Teran, Henry Lema, Margarita Webster, David M. Strausbaugh, Carl A. Miklas, Phillip N. Schwartz, Howard F. Brick, Mark A. TI Seventy-five years of breeding dry bean of the western USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SEED YIELD; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; CULTIVARS; FABACEAE; INHERITANCE; GENERATION; IDEOTYPE AB A periodic comparision of cultivars is essential to assess selection gains, determine deficiencies, define objectives, and set breeding priorities. Our objective was to assess the progress, or lack thereof, achieved in improving yield, plant type, maturity, and reisitance to major bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases of dry bean of the western USA from 1918 to 1998. Twenty-five great northern, pink, pinto, and red cultivars were evaluated for the seed yield at 3 locations in Idaho and for anthracnose, Bean common mosiac necrosis virus, common and halo bacterial blights, Fusarium wilt, and white mold in Colorado, Idaho, Washington between 1999 and 2006. Yield ranged between 2904 kg ha(-1) for the pinto 'UI 111' to 3921 kg ha(-1) for 'Bill Z', which represents a 35% gain in 54 yr. Yield gain in great northern was 587 kg ha(-1) pink 136 kg ha(-1), and red 687 kg ha(-1). Stability indices ranged from 0.57 for 'Kodiak' to 1.86 for 'UI 3'. Maturity ranged from 90 d for 'UI 320' to 97 d for 'Frontier'. Seed weight ranged from 28 g for 'Viva' to 41 g for UI 320. An acceptable degree of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot was achieved in most cultivars. All cultivars were sesceptible to anthracnose, common bacterial blight, and white mold, and all except 'Chase' to halo blight. Only 'Matterhorn', 'Weihing', and Kodiak combined an upright Type II growth habit with resistance to BCMV and rust. An integrated breeding strategy should be explored for the simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in future cultivars. C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Filer, ID 83303 USA. USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singh, P (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu RI LEMA, MARGARITA/M-7604-2015; OI LEMA, MARGARITA/0000-0001-8402-2677; Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 981 EP 989 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0322 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200009 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Waldron, BL Vogel, KP Berdahl, JD Haferkamp, MR Jensen, KB Jones, TA Mitchell, R Kindiger, BK AF Robins, Joseph G. Waldron, Blair L. Vogel, Kenneth P. Berdahl, John D. Haferkamp, Marshall R. Jensen, Kevin B. Jones, Thomas A. Mitchell, Robert Kindiger, Bryan K. TI Characterization of testing locations for developing cool-season grass species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS; BIPLOT ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; GREAT-PLAINS; TRIAL DATA; REGISTRATION; ADAPTATION; TRITICEAE; GENOTYPES AB The identification of best testing locations facilitates the allocation of resources in a breeding program, allowing emphasise to be placed at the, sites best suited for identifying: superior plant materials for the target environment. The objective of this study was the identification of best locations for the evaluation and testing of cool-season grass species within the Northern Great Plains and Intermountain regions of the USA. This study also sought to subdivide the locations into meaningful environmental groupings based on similar entry performance. The study characterized initial Stand frequency and forage production (over a 3-yr period) of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.; A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes; A. fragile (Roth) Candargy], intermediate wheatgeass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) at six locations within these regions. Results suggested the existence of best testing locations and environmental groupings for each of the species. For example, the Ithaca, NE, location was consistently a good location for testing forage production. Although there were some consistencies, generally, the best testing locations and environmental groupings were species and trait specific. Thus, the targeted use of locations appeared to be most useful on an individual species basis, rather than considered across the cool-season grass species. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@usu.edu OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1004 EP 1012 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0619 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200012 ER PT J AU Chao, SM Zhang, WJ Dubcovsky, J Sorrells, M AF Chao, Shiaoman Zhang, Wenjun Dubcovsky, Jorge Sorrells, Mark TI Evaluation of genetic diversity and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium among US wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm representing different market classes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BREAD WHEAT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BREEDING PROGRAMS; CULTIVARS AB Genetic diversity and genome-wide. linkage disequilibrium (LD) were investigated among 43 U.S. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) elite cultivars and breeding lines representing seven U.S. wheat market classes using 242 wheat genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. Genetic diversity among these lines was examined-using genetic distance-based and model-based clustering methods, and analysis of molecular variance. Four populations were identified from the model-based analysis, which, partitioned each of the spring and winter populations into two subpopulations, corresponding largely to major geographic regions of wheat production in the United States. This suggests that the genetic diversity existing among these U.S. wheat germplasm was influenced more by regional adaptation than by market class, and that the individuals clustered in the same model-based population likely shared related ancestral lines in their breeding history. For this germplasm collection, genome-wide LD estimates were generally less than 1 cM for the genetically linked loci pairs. This may result from the population stratification and small sample size that reduced statistical power. Most of the LD regions observed were between loci less than 10 cM apart. However, the distribution of LD was not uniform based on linkage distance and was independent of marker density. Consequently, LD is likely to vary widely among wheat populations. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Chao, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaos@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 61 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1018 EP 1030 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0434 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200014 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Holbrook, CC AF Sullivan, Dana G. Holbrook, C. Corley TI Using ground-based reflectance measurements as selection criteria for drought- and aflatoxin-resistant peanut genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; NITROGEN STRESS; LATE LEAFSPOT; POD YIELD; CORN; GROWTH; VARIABILITY AB Drought stress and aflatoxin contamination continue to challenge peanut (Arachis,hypogaea L.) producers across the USA. Thus, the continued development of drought- and aflatoxin-resistant peanut cultivars is essential to maintain productivity under less than ideal growing conditions. Remote sensing of canopy reflectance is a well-established method of evaluating crop condition and shows promise as a tool for rapid selection of drought- and aflatoxin-resistant peanut genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate ground-based reflectance measurements to more accurately quantify differences in genotype response to drought conditions. In April 2004 and 2005 several small plots (4 m x 2 m) were established-at the Gibbs Farm research facilities in Tifton, GA. Treatments consisted of five peanut genotypes encompassing a range of drought tolerance and yield characteristics. Drought conditions were simulated beginning 90 d after planting and maintained through harvest. Once drought conditions were established, a handheld radiometer was used to acquire twice-weekly reflectance measurements in, the visible and near-infrared. Benchmark indices were developed based on the change in remotely sensed vegetation indices as a measure of the change in crop response between nonstressed and drought-stressed conditions; Significant treatment differences in benchmark indices were observed between drought-tolerant, moderately drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant varieties. Benchmark indices were also highly correlated with yield (r = -0.41 to -0.75, alpha = 0.05) in all three planting environments. However, the relationship between aflatoxin contamination and benchmark indices was less consistent, having a strong correlation with aflatoxin contamination in the second and third planting environments only (r = 0.38-0.73, alpha = 0.05). These indices could aid plant breeders in more accurately assessing genetic differences, which would accelerate breeding progress and the development of peanut cultivars with resistance to drought and aflatoxin contamination. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1040 EP 1050 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0511 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200016 ER PT J AU Walker, KS Bigelow, CA Smith, DR Van Scoyoc, GE Reicher, ZJ AF Walker, Kristina S. Bigelow, Cale A. Smith, Douglas R. Van Scoyoc, George E. Reicher, Zachary J. TI Aboveground responses of cool-season lawn species to nitrogen rates and application timings SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FALL FERTILIZATION; COMPARING CULTIVARS; GROWTH; NITRATE; TURFGRASSES; FATE; TURF; MANAGEMENT AB Lawns are the largest managed turf acreage in the USA. This large acreage of fertilized turf has generated public concern regarding nitrogen (N) fertilizer misuse. This 2-yr field study evaluated the effects of eight N programs that varied by N amount, 0 to 196 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), and seasonal application timing, on the aboveground plant responses of three cool-season lawn species: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG), and turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb:; TTTF). Significant cumulative species dry matter yield differences were measured for the study; with 9426, 7750, and 7011 kg ha(-1) for TTTF, KBG, and PRG, respectively. Kentucky bluegrass generally possessed the greenest canopy-when averaged across all N programs, followed by TTTF and PRG. Annual turfgrass quality (TQ) was highest and most seasonally consistent for TTTF, followed by KBG and PRG. Although, KBG overall TQ was lower than TTTF; primarily due to slow spring green-up, KBG was superior to TTTF on many ratings during active growth Perennial ryegrass produced the lowest est TQ compared with TTTF and KBG. This was due to summer disease in both years and. substantial turf cover losses, 24 to 81% in 2005. If the goal in lawn management is to maximize turfgrass response with the fewest N inputs, the species that met this goal was TTTF, which provided acceptable TQ and color, and had less F disease at relatively low, 73 to 123 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), N levels. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Walker, KS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kswalker@purdue.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1225 EP 1236 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0595 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200036 ER PT J AU Rios, D Ghislain, M Rodriguez, F Spooner, DM AF Rios, Domingo Ghislain, Marc Rodriguez, Flor Spooner, David M. TI What is the origin of the European potato? Evidence from Canary Island landraces SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; CHLOROPLAST DNA; CULTIVATED POTATO; ANDEAN POTATOES; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR; MICROSATELLITES; DOMESTICATION; POPULATIONS; SELECTION AB The modern cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosurm L.) was first recorded in Europe in the Canary Islands in 1567, but its origin has long been in dispute: Two competing hypotheses have proposed an '' Andean '' area (somewhere from the. Andean uplands from Venezuela to northern: Argentina) or a lowland south-central '' Chilean '' area, but the Andean origin hypothesis is today generally accepted. The identity of extant Canary Island potato landraces as exclusively of upland Andean origin is one part of a multicomponent argument that the European potato originated from there rather than from Chile. We reassess these two competing hypotheses with nuclear microsatellite and chloroplast DNA analyses of 19 Canary Island landraces, 14 Andean landraces; 11 Chilean landraces, and two wild potato species as outgroups, and with chloroplast DNA data of 150 landraces from South America. Our molecular results document a wide variation of Andeanand Chilean-type cultivars on the Canary Islands and possible hybrids of the two. Our new data, integrated with historical molecular, agronomic, and crossing data, support a hypothesis that there were multiple introductions of Andean and Chilean germ-plasm to the Canary lslands-and that the early European potato was selected, from Chilean introductions long before the late blight epiphytotics of the 1840s. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Conservac Biodiversidad Agr Tenerife, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. Univ La Laguna, ETSIA, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dspooner@wisc.edu NR 67 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1271 EP 1280 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0336 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200041 ER PT J AU Bushman, BS Larson, SR Peel, MD Pfrender, ME AF Bushman, Bradley S. Larson, Steven R. Peel, Michael D. Pfrender, Michael E. TI Population structure and genetic diversity in north American Hedysarum boreale Nutt. SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; FITNESS; TAXA; AFLP AB Hedysarum borbale Nutt. is a perennial legume native to western North America, with robust foliage in the late spring season. Due to its wide native range, forage value, and N-2 fixation, H. boreale is of interest for rangeland revegetation and production. Seed cost is a major obstacle for utilization of H. boreale, primarily due to seed shattering and unreliable seed production, such that a need for improved germplasm exists. This study characterized the genetic relationships of H. boreale accessions, so plant breeders and geneticists will have the information necessary to maintain a broad genetic base within selected germplasm populations. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used on 17 available accessions from Utah, Idaho, Colorado, and Alaska. Seventy percent of the total genetic variation was found within all 17 accessions, yet each accession showed significant isolation by distance. Genetic diversity within accessions was greatest in sites located in east- ern Utah. The sole cultivar, Timp, had slightly greater genetic diversity than a collection made from the same site approximately 20 yr later. Two groups of metapopulations were identified in Utah, separated longitudinally approximately along the Wasatch mountain range. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Unit, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sbushman@cc.usu.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1281 EP 1288 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.11.0702 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181GC UT WOS:000247424200042 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Bensasson, D Tyler, BM Boore, JL AF Martin, Frank N. Bensasson, Douda Tyler, Brett M. Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Mitochondrial genome sequences and comparative genomics of Phytophthora ramorum and P-sojae SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE inverted repeat; mitochondrial microsatellite; Phytophthora infestans ID INVERTED REPEAT; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENE CONTENT; RNA GENES; DNA; EVOLUTION; PYTHIUM; ORGANIZATION; ACHLYA; CALIFORNIA AB The sequences of the mitochondrial genomes of the oomycetes Phytophthora ramorum and P. sojae were determined during the course of complete nuclear genome sequencing (Tyler et al., Science, 313:1261,2006). Both mitochondrial genomes are circular mapping, with sizes of 39,314 bp for P. ramorum and 42,977 bp for P. sojae. Each contains a total of 37 recognizable protein-encoding genes, 26 or 25 tRNAs (P. ramorum and P. sojae, respectively) specifying 19 amino acids, six more open reading frames (ORFs) that are conserved, presumably due to functional constraint, across Phytophthora species (P. sojae, P. ramorum, and P. infestans), six ORFs that are unique for P. sojae and one that is unique for P. ramorum. Non-coding regions comprise about 11.5 and 18.4% of the genomes of P. ramorum and P. sojae, respectively. Relative to P. sojae, there is an inverted repeat of 1,150 bp in P. ramorum that includes an unassigned unique ORF, a tRNA gene, and adjacent non-coding sequences, but otherwise the gene order in both species is identical. Comparisons of these genomes with published sequences of the P. infestans mitochondrial genome reveals a number of similarities, but the gene order in P. infestans differed in two adjacent locations due to inversions and specific regions of the genomes exhibited greater divergence than others. For example, the breakpoints for the inversions observed in P. infestans corresponded to regions of high sequence divergence in comparisons between P. ramorum and P. sojae and the location of a hypervariable microsatellite sequence (eight repeats of 24 bp) in the P. sojae genome corresponds to a site of. major length variation in P. infestans. Although the overwhelming majority of each genome is conserved (81-92%), there are a number of genes that evolve more rapidly than others. Some of these rapidly evolving genes appear specific to Phytophthora, arose recently, and future evaluation of their function and the effects of their loss could prove fruitful for understanding the phylogeny of these devastating plant pathogens. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Bensasson, Douda/0000-0002-9015-2707 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s00294-007-0121-6 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 167IQ UT WOS:000246445800001 PM 17310332 ER PT J AU Cai, XW Xu, SS AF Cai, Xiwen Xu, Steven S. TI Meiosis-driven genome variation in plants SO CURRENT GENOMICS LA English DT Review DE meiosis; recombination; genome variation; aneuploidy; meiotic restitution; polyploidization ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENES; UNEQUAL CROSSING-OVER; 2N POLLEN FORMATION; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; TETRAPLOID EMMER WHEATS; ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; FEMALE-STERILE MUTANT; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA L; GENIC MALE-STERILE AB Meiosis includes two successive divisions of the nucleus with one round of DNA replication and leads to the formation of gametes with half of the chromosomes of the mother cell during sexual reproduction. It provides a cytological basis for gametogenesis and inheritance in eukaryotes. Meiotic cell division is a complex and dynamic process that involves a number of molecular and cellular events, such as DNA and chromosome replication, chromosome pairing, synapsis and recombination, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Meiosis maintains genome stability and integrity over sexual life cycles. On the other hand, meiosis generates genome variations in several ways. Variant meiotic recombination resulting from specific genome structures induces deletions, duplications, and other rearrangements within the genic and non-genic genomic regions and has been considered a major driving force for gene and genome evolution in nature. Meiotic abnormalities in chromosome segregation lead to chromosomally imbalanced gametes and aneuploidy. Meiotic restitution due to failure of the first or second meiotic division gives rise to unreduced gametes, which triggers polyploidization and genome expansion. This paper reviews research regarding meiosis-driven genome variation, including deletion and duplication of genomic regions, aneuploidy, and polyploidization, and discusses the effect of related meiotic events on genome variation and evolution in plants. Knowledge of various meiosis-driven genome variations provides insight into genome evolution and genetic variability in plants and facilitates plant genome research. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 184 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 19 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2029 J9 CURR GENOMICS JI Curr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.2174/138920207780833847 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 177NY UT WOS:000247161000001 PM 18645601 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, William J. TI An Azospira oryzae (syn Dechlorosoma suillum) strain that reduces selenate and selenite to elemental red selenium SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; VOLATILIZATION; REDUCTION; BACTERIA AB A bacterium that reduces the soluble selenium oxyanions, selenate and selenite, to insoluble elemental red selenium (Se-0) was isolated from a laboratory reactor developed to remove selenate from groundwater. Gene sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA allowed identification of the isolate as Azospira oryzae. Biochemical and morphologic characterization confirm the identification. The isolate reduces selenate and selenite to Se-0 under microaerophilic and denitrifying conditions but not under aerobic conditions. It does not use selenate or selenite as terminal e(-) donors. Se oxyanion reduction causes the formation of Se nanospheres that are 0.25 +/- 0.04 mu m in diameter. Nanospheres may be associated with the cells or free in the medium. The enzymatic activity associated with the reduction of selenate has a molecular mass of approximately 500 kD, and the enzymatic activity associated with the reduction of selenite has a mass of approximately 55 kD. Selenite reduction was inhibited by tungsten. The molecular masses of these activities were different from those associated with the reduction of dimethylsulfoxide, sulfate, and nitrite. This bacterium, or perhaps its enzymes or DNA, might be useful for the remediation of waters contaminated with Se oxyanions. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0474-y PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166BO UT WOS:000246352300009 PM 17486405 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Cetin, AE Tewfik, AH Haff, RP AF Pearson, Tom C. Cetin, A. Enis Tewfik, Ahmed H. Haff, Ron P. TI Feasibility of impact-acoustic emissions for detection of damaged wheat kernels SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neural network; spectral analysis; insect damage kernels; sorting; acoustic emissions ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY INSPECTION; GRANARY-WEEVIL; AUTOMATED DETECTION; PISTACHIO NUTS; FIRMNESS; INSECTS; SOUND; GRAIN; CLASSIFICATION AB A non-destructive, real time device was developed to detect insect damage, sprout damage, and scab damage in kernels of wheat. Kernels are impacted onto a steel plate and the resulting acoustic signal analyzed to detect damage. The acoustic signal was processed using four different methods: modeling of the signal in the time-domain, computing time-domain signal variances and maximums in short-time windows, analysis of the frequency spectrum magnitudes, and analysis of a derivative spectrum. Features were used as inputs to a stepwise discriminant analysis routine, which selected a small subset of features for accurate classification using a neural network. For a network presented with only insect damaged kernels (IDK) with exit holes and undamaged kernels, 87% of the former and 98% of the latter were correctly classified. It was also possible to distinguish undamaged, IDK, sprout-damaged, and scab-damaged kernels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Bilkent Univ, Ankara, Turkey. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tpearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 37 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 EI 1095-4333 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 617 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2005.08.002 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 169QY UT WOS:000246607900005 ER PT J AU Caperna, TJ Shannon, AE Richards, MP Garrett, WM Talbot, NC AF Caperna, Thomas J. Shannon, Amy E. Richards, Mark P. Garrett, Wesley M. Talbot, Neil C. TI Identification and characterization of aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in porcine hepatic tissue and hepatocytes in monolayer culture SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pig hepatocytes; AQP9; glucagon; insulin; T3 ID WATER CHANNELS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; LEPTIN RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; LIVER; PROTEIN; CELLS; IMMUNOLOCALIZATION; LOCALIZATION; GLUCAGON AB Aquaporins (AQPs) are members of a large family of integral membrane proteins involved in the rapid movement of water and neutral solutes across cell membranes. In this study, we have prepared an affinity-purified porcine-specific polyclonal antiserum to AQP9 and have investigated the distribution and expression of AQP9 in pig liver tissue and in hepatocytes in primary culture. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that AQP9 was primarily localized in the membrane structures of hepatocytes and was not associated with intrahepatic bile ducts or blood vessels. Western blot analysis indicated that AQP9 ranged in apparent molecular mass between 27 and 38 kD in whole liver and hepatocyte membrane fractions: minor components were also observed at approximately 34 kD in the cytosol compartment of hepatocytes, bile duct and gall bladder. A prominent immunoreactive band at 44 kD was shown to be an artifact of Western blot analysis. In primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes, glucagon enhanced absolute levels of AQP9 protein, while gene expression was enhanced by T3 and glucagon. Insulin alone had no discernable influence on AQP9 gene expression or its cellular protein levels. These data suggest that AQP9 is a major AQP in porcine hepatic tissue and appears to be primarily responsive to glucagon induction. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caperna, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 200,Room 202,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM caperna@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.03.008 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 153EK UT WOS:000245414500003 PM 16857339 ER EF