FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Grunzweig, JM Carmel, Y Riov, J Sever, N McCreary, DD Flather, CH AF Gruenzweig, Jose M. Carmel, Yohay Riov, Joseph Sever, Nava McCreary, Douglas D. Flather, Curtis H. TI Growth, resource storage, and adaptation to drought in California and eastern Mediterranean oak seedlings SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; FOREST TREES; SOIL-WATER; ECOLOGY; REGENERATION; RESPONSES AB Low recruitment of new plants as currently observed in several California oak species might partly result from insufficient storage of vital resources (reduced ability to regrow after disturbance) or from low adaptation to environmental stress, such as drought. We conducted two studies under divergent environmental conditions to compare seedlings of California oaks with ecologically equivalent species from the eastern Mediterranean region, where recruitment has been substantial over the past 25-30 years. Resource concentrations (nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen) in taproots and the ratio of root resource content to shoot biomass did not provide evidence that Californian oak seedlings have smaller reserves for resprouting than eastern Mediterranean species in these studies. However, we observed lower seedling survival among California species, when compared with Mediterranean species, under conditions of higher drought stress. In the California deciduous Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn., water-use efficiency as measured by leaf gas exchange and leaf delta C-13 was lower compared with its Mediterranean equivalent Quercus ithaburensis Decne. In addition, stomatal conductance in the California evergreen Quercus agrifolia Nee appeared to be less sensitive to vapor pressure deficit than in its Mediterranean equivalent Quercus calliprinos Webb. Our results suggest lower adaptation to drought in the California species tested here as compared with Mediterranean species, which will negatively impact recruitment of oaks from California under the currently drier soil conditions. C1 [Gruenzweig, Jose M.; Riov, Joseph] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Carmel, Yohay; Sever, Nava] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Lowdermilk Div Agr Engn, Haifa, Israel. [McCreary, Douglas D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Browns Valley, CA 95918 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Grunzweig, JM (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM jose@agri.huji.ac.il RI Carmel, Yohay/G-4362-2011; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Carmel, Yohay/0000-0002-5883-0184; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1139/X07-152 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271FJ UT WOS:000253774000015 ER PT J AU Li, H Karney, G O'Toole, D Crawford, TB AF Li, Hong Karney, Gordon O'Toole, Donal Crawford, Timothy B. TI Long distance spread of malignant catarrhal fever virus from feedlot lambs to ranch bison SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; NASAL SECRETIONS; SHEEP; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; CATTLE AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) caused by OvHV-2 occurred in ranch bison herds separated by significant distances from feedlot lambs. Mortality rates correlated with distances: 17.5%, 6.1%, and 0.43% at approximately 1.6, 4.2, and 5.1 km, respectively. The study further defines the importance of distance of species separation for MCF control. C1 [Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Karney, Gordon] Hermingford High Sch, Hermingford, NE 69348 USA. [O'Toole, Donal] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Crawford, Timothy B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99134 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@etmed.wsu.edu NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 261KB UT WOS:000253076400007 PM 18309750 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN Steinriede, RW AF Locke, Martin A. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Reddy, Krishna N. Steinriede, R. Wade TI Tillage management to mitigate herbicide loss in runoff under simulated rainfall conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chlorimuron; alachlor; sulfonylurea; chloroacetanilide; conservation tillage; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID NO-TILL; PESTICIDE RUNOFF; FOLIAR WASHOFF; SURFACE RUNOFF; C-FACTORS; CORN; SYSTEMS; WATER; FORMULATION; CYANAZINE AB Conservation tillage mitigates soil loss in cropland because plant residues help protect the soil, but effects on pesticide movement in surface runoff are not as straightforward. Effects of soil disturbance on surface runoff loss of chlorimuron and alachlor were evaluated utilizing runoff trays. Soil in the trays was either disturbed (tilled) and kept bare or was not tilled, and existing decomposed plant residue was left on the surface. Rainfall (25 mm, 20 min) was simulated 1 d after alachlor (2.8 kg ha(-1)) or chlorimuron (54 g ha(-1)) application, and runoff was collected. Runoff fractions were analyzed for herbicide and sediment. Total alachlor loss from bare plots was greater than that in no-tillage plots (4.5% vs. 2.3%, respectively). More than one-third of total alachlor lost from bare plots occurred in the first I of runoff, while no-tillage plots had less runoff volume with a more even distribution of alachlor concentration in the runoff during the rainfall simulation and subsequent runoff period. In contrast, more chlorimuron was lost from no-tillage plots than bare plots (12% vs. 1.5%) even though total runoff volume was lower in the no-tillage plots (10.6 min vs. 13.6 mm). This was attributed to dense coverage with partially decomposed plant residue in no-tillage plots (1652 kg ha(-1)) that intercepted chlorimuron. It was likely that chlorimuron, a polar compound, was more easily washed off surface plant residues and transported in runoff. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Locke, Martin A.; Steinriede, R. Wade] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual Ecol Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM martin.locke@usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1422 EP 1428 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 262WW UT WOS:000253179800012 PM 17963817 ER PT J AU Rubas, DJ Mjelde, JW Love, HA Rosenthal, W AF Rubas, Debra J. Mjelde, James W. Love, H. Alan Rosenthal, Wesley TI How adoption rates, timing, and ceilings affect the value of ENSO-based climate forecasts SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION INDEX; PREDICTION; TRADE; WHEAT; RAINFALL; UNCERTAINTY; TECHNOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCERS; AUSTRALIA AB An international wheat trade model incorporating climate variability is used to simulate different scenarios when wheat producers in the USA, Canada, and Australia adopt El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-based climate forecasts for use in production decisions. Adoption timing and rates are varied across countries in the different scenarios. The results are consistent between the scenarios examined. Early adopters benefit the most, there is no incentive for more producers to adopt after 60 to 95% have adopted (meaning the adoption ceiling has been reached), and slower adoption corresponds to ceilings closer to 60 than 95%. When individual countries must decide whether or not to invest in ENSO technology and producer education programs to encourage adoption, results indicate the dominant strategy for each country is to invest. This is especially true if producers in other countries are adopting the use of climate forecasts. C1 [Mjelde, James W.; Love, H. Alan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rubas, Debra J.] USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Love, H. Alan] Texas A&M Univ, Mays Business Sch, Dept Informat & Operat Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rosenthal, Wesley] Blackland Res Ctr, Dept Agr Engn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Mjelde, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, MS 2124, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-mjelde@tamu.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9293-9 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243UA UT WOS:000251821600001 ER PT J AU Yakes, BJ Lipert, RJ Bannantine, JP Porter, MD AF Yakes, Betsy Jean Lipert, Robert J. Bannantine, John P. Porter, Marc D. TI Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis by a sonicate immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOHNES-DISEASE; FECAL CULTURE; BOVINE-PARATUBERCULOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOGOLD LABELS; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; RAPID DETECTION; NANOPARTICLES; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB A sandwich immunoassay for the rapid, low-level detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been developed. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle, and one of the major obstacles in controlling the spread of this disease is the inability to rapidly detect small amounts of bacteria or other diagnostic markers shed during the subclinical stage of infection. This paper details the development and performance of an assay for sonicated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis lysate that is based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). There are two key components of the assay: (i) an immobilized layer of monoclonal antibodies that target a surface protein on the microorganism; and (ii) extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) that are designed to selectively bind to captured proteins and produce large SERS signals. By correlating the number of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli present prior to sonication to the amount of total protein in the resulting sonicate, the detection limit determined for total protein can be translated to the microorganism concentration. These findings yield detection limits of 100 and 200 ng/ml ( estimated to be 500 and 1,000 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli/ml) for sonicate spiked in phosphate buffer and sonicate spiked in whole milk, respectively. Moreover, the time required to complete the assay, which includes sample preparation, antigen extraction, ERL incubation, and readout, is less than 24 h. The potential for incorporation of this novel assay into diagnostic laboratories is also briefly discussed. C1 [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Lipert, Robert J.; Porter, Marc D.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Lipert, Robert J.; Porter, Marc D.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Lipert, Robert J.; Porter, Marc D.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM marc.porter@utah.edu RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; Yakes, Betsy/K-2646-2012; OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU Institute for Combinatorial Discovery of Iowa State University [CEROS/DARPA]; U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC0207CH11358]; USDA-NRI-CAP Johne's Disease Integrated Program; USDA's Agricultural Research Service FX We acknowledge Jeremy Driskell for helpful conversations.; This work was supported by the Institute for Combinatorial Discovery of Iowa State University and by a grant through the CEROS/DARPA. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under contract no. DE-AC0207CH11358. We also acknowledge support from the USDA-NRI-CAP Johne's Disease Integrated Program to J.P.B. as well as support from the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. NR 68 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1128/CVI.00334-07 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340SZ UT WOS:000258666600008 PM 18077613 ER PT J AU Yakes, BJ Lipert, RJ Bannantine, JP Porter, MD AF Yakes, Betsy Jean Lipert, Robert J. Bannantine, John P. Porter, Marc D. TI Impact of protein shedding on detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis by a whole-cell immunoassay incorporating surface-enhanced Raman scattering SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED CAPTURE PCR; RAPID DETECTION; JOHNES-DISEASE; FECAL CULTURE; CATTLE; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; TESTS AB The etiological agent of Johne's disease is Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Controlling the spread of this disease is hindered by the lack of sensitive, selective, and rapid detection methods for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. By using a recently optimized sandwich immunoassay (B. J. Yakes, R. J. Lipert, J. P. Bannantine, and M. D. Porter, Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 15: 227-234, 2008), which incorporates a new monoclonal antibody for the selective capture and labeling of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering for sensitive readout, detection limits of similar to 630 and similar to 740 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells/ml are achieved in phosphate-buffered saline and whole milk samples, respectively, after spiking with heat-treated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Surprisingly, these detection limits are 3 orders of magnitude lower than expected based on theoretical predictions. Experiments designed to determine the origin of the improvement revealed that the major membrane protein targeted by the monoclonal antibody was present in the sample suspensions as shed protein. This finding indicates that the capture and labeling of shed protein function as a facile amplification strategy for lowering the limit of detection for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that may also be applicable to the design of a wide range of highly sensitive assays for other cells and viruses. C1 [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Lipert, Robert J.; Porter, Marc D.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Lipert, Robert J.; Porter, Marc D.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Lipert, Robert J.; Porter, Marc D.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM marc.porter@utah.edu RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; Yakes, Betsy/K-2646-2012; OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU Institute for Combinatorial Discovery of Iowa State University [CEROS/DARPA]; U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; USDA-NRI-CAP JDIP program; USDA's Agricultural Research Service FX We acknowledge Rachel Millen for expert assistance in obtaining the SEM images, Jeremy Driskell for valuable discussions, and the insightful input of one of the reviewers.; This work was supported by the Institute for Combinatorial Discovery of Iowa State University and by a grant from CEROS/DARPA. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11358. We also acknowledge support from the USDA-NRI-CAP JDIP program to J.P.B. as well as support from the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1128/CVI.00335-07 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340SZ UT WOS:000258666600009 PM 18077615 ER PT J AU Schweizer, J Kronholm, K Jamieson, JB Birkeland, KW AF Schweizer, Juerg Kronholm, Kalle Jamieson, J. Bruce Birkeland, Karl W. TI Review of spatial variability of snowpack properties and its importance for avalanche formation SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY OCT 01-06, 2006 CL Telluride, CO DE snow cover; snow stratigraphy; snow mechanical properties; snow slope stability evaluation; avalanche formation; avalanche forecasting; spatial variability; numerical modeling; scale ID BURIED SURFACE-HOAR; SHEAR FRACTURE; SCALE ISSUES; STABILITY; RELEASE; PATTERNS; MECHANICS; SLOPES; LAYER; STRATIGRAPHY AB The seasonal snow cover is spatially variable. Spatial variability of layer properties is due to various external and internal process drivers interacting with terrain and ground cover during and after the deposition process. Many processes that act as process drivers such as radiation and wind cause spatial variations of the snowpack at several scales. The most challenging process is probably wind that might hinder prediction of variability at the slope scale. The complexities and uncertainties involved in snow slope stability evaluation and avalanche prediction are largely due to the variable nature of the snow cover. Many studies have tried to quantify spatial variability. Different methods have been used and the studies covered a variety of scales. Accordingly, some results appear contradictory, suggesting that the degree of spatial variation varies widely. This is not surprising, and is partly due to the methods used and of course, due to varying natural conditions. For example, the variation will strongly depend on the measurement scale - the so-called support - of the method which varies from 10(-4) m(2) for the SnowMicroPen to 3 m(2) for the rutschblock test. The layering was found to be less variable than, for example, the stability of small column tests. Whereas it is often perceived that the results of the studies were not conclusive, they completely changed our view of spatial variability. The importance of scale issues, in particular for avalanche formation became evident. Geostatistical analysis has been introduced and used to determine the length of spatial autocorrelation and to derive appropriate input data for numerical models. Model results suggest that spatial variation of strength properties has a substantial "knock-down" effect on slope stability and that the effect increases with increasing spatial correlation. The focus on scale has also revealed that spatial variations can promote instability or inhibit it. With the awareness of scale the causes of spatial variability can now be addressed. We will review the present state of knowledge, discuss consequences for avalanche forecasting and snow stability evaluation, and recommend future research directions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schweizer, Juerg] WSL Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Kronholm, Kalle] NGI, ICG, Oslo, Norway. [Jamieson, J. Bruce] Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Jamieson, J. Bruce] Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Birkeland, Karl W.] US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Schweizer, J (reprint author), WSL Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. EM schweizer@slf.ch RI Schweizer, Jurg/A-3907-2009 OI Schweizer, Jurg/0000-0001-5076-2968 NR 107 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.04.009 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 268HB UT WOS:000253569200016 ER PT J AU Marianov, V ReVelle, C Snyder, S AF Marianov, Vladimir ReVelle, Charles Snyder, Stephanie TI Selecting compact habitat reserves for species with differential habitat size needs SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE habitat protection; species preservation; multiobjective programming; integer programming; biodiversity ID SITE SELECTION; OPTIMIZATION APPROACH; LOCATION PROBLEM; CONSERVATION; REPRESENTATION; ALGORITHMS; NETWORKS; EXAMPLE; DESIGN; OREGON AB We propose a model for the design of protected habitat reserves, which maximizes the number of species represented at least once in a limited set of reserved sites or parcels. Most models for reserve design do not differentiate eligible habitat sites by their size. Also, they assume that protection is guaranteed through the selection of one site for any species, not taking into consideration that habitat needs vary from species to species. Our model acknowledges the fact that different species require reserves of different sizes, and that these reserves should be compact areas, as opposed to a set of disconnected parcels. Computational experience is shown on a landscape modeled as a regular grid, in which individual species require 1-, 2- or 4-parcel compact reserves. The results are compared to output from a Maximum Species Covering Model. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Coll Engn, Santiago, Chile. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Marianov, V (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Coll Engn, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. EM marianov@ing.puc.cl RI Marianov, Vladimir/D-1360-2011 OI Marianov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5343-0106 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2006.03.011 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 223KO UT WOS:000250369200014 ER PT J AU Harris, G Pimm, SL AF Harris, Grant Pimm, Stuart L. TI Range size and extinction risk in forest birds SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; deforestation; extent of occurrence; extinction; forest endemics; range size ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; SPECIES LOSS; BIODIVERSITY; FRAGMENTS; DEFORESTATION; RARITY AB Small geographical range size is the single best predictor of threat of extinction in terrestrial species. Knowing how small a species' range has to be before authorities consider it threatened with extinction would allow prediction of a species' risk from continued deforestation and warming climates and provide a baseline for conservation and management strategies aspiring to mitigate these threats. To determine the threshold at which forest-dependent bird species become threatened with extinction, we compared the range sizes of threatened and nonthreatened species. In doing so, we present a simple, repeatable, and practical protocol to quantify range size. We started with species' ranges published in field guides or comparable sources. We then trimmed these ranges, that is, we included only those parts of the ranges that met the species' requirements of elevation and types of forest preferred. Finally, we further trimmed the ranges to the amount of forest cover that remains. This protocol generated an estimate of the remaining suitable range for each species. We compared these range estimates with those from the World Conservation Union Red List. We used the smaller of the two estimates to determine the threshold, 11,000 km(2), below which birds should be considered threatened. Species considered threatened that have larger ranges than this qualified under other (nonspatial) red list criteria. We identified a suite of species (18) that have not yet qualified as threatened but that have perilously small ranges-about 11% of the nonthreatened birds we analyzed. These birds are likely at risk of extinction and reevaluation of their status is urgently needed. C1 [Harris, Grant; Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Harris, G (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 3301 C St, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM gmharris@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00798.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 258UT UT WOS:000252895700018 PM 18254861 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Byers, JA Rodriguez-Saona, C AF Blackmer, Jacquelyn L. Byers, John A. Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar TI Evaluation of color traps for monitoring Lygus spp.: Design, placement, height, time of day, and non-target effects SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE western tarnished plant bug; visual cues; alfalfa; sticky traps; natural enemies; spectroradiometer ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; VISUAL RESPONSES; STICKY TRAPS; MIRIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HESPERUS AB Lygus hesperus and Lygus lineolaris are two of the most economically important plant bugs in North America. Here we present results from field trials that evaluated effective trap characteristics for maximizing Lygus spp. and other herbivorous insect capture, while minimizing beneficial insect capture. The response of lygus bugs, several other key herbivore species and predators to hue (white, clear, black, yellow, orange, blue, purple, green and red) and value (black, white and two neutral grays) was examined in alfalfa over three seasons using traps coated with Pestick adhesive. Lygus spp. exhibited a broad response to trap hue, but showed no response to trap value. Additionally, we showed that time of day, trap height and trap placement influenced the number of Lygus spp. captured. More Lygus spp. were trapped from late afternoon to dusk compared to all other times of the day, and more males than females were captured on sticky traps even though the sexes were at parity in field sweep net samples. In the alfalfa setting, male lygus were more likely to be captured on traps placed 20cm above the ground; traps placed 50 and 100cm above the ground caught similar numbers of males and females. The highest number of plant bugs was captured when traps were placed in a cleared area between two alfalfa fields; lower numbers were captured on traps at the edge and in the center of the field. All other herbivores exhibited distinct preferences to trap hue and, in some cases, trap value. Predators were rarely trapped, but did exhibit preferences to trap color (i.e., hue and value) characteristics. The potential of using sticky traps with specific hue and value characteristics to monitor Lygus spp. effectively is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Blackmer, Jacquelyn L.; Byers, John A.] USDA, ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar] PE Marucci Blueberry & Cranberry Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Blackmer, JL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 18 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.05.003 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 254JR UT WOS:000252583400004 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Long, JA Gee, G Donoghue, AM Wildt, DE AF Blanco, Juan M. Long, Julie A. Gee, George Donoghue, Ann M. Wildt, David E. TI Osmotic tolerance of avian spermatozoa: Influence of time, temperature, cryoprotectant and membrane ion pump function on sperm viability SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; Turkey; crane; hypertonic; osmotic tolerance ID POULTRY SEMEN; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; CHICKEN SEMEN; GLYCEROL; CRYOPRESERVATION; RESISTANCE; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FERTILITY AB Potential factors influencing sperm survival under hypertonic, conditions were evaluated in the Sandhill crane (Grits canadensis) and turkey (Meleagridis gallopavo), Sperm os,motolerance (300-3000 mOsm/kg) was evaluated after: (1) equilibration times of 2, 10, 41 and 60 min at 4 degrees C versus 21 degrees C; (2) pre-equilibrating with dimethylacetamide (DMA) or dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) at either 4 degrees C or 21 degrees C; and (3) inhibition of the Na+/K+ and the Na+/H+ antiporter membrane ionic pumps. Sperm viability was assessed using the eosin-nigrosin live/dead stain. Species-specific differences occurred in response to hypertonic conditions with crane sperm remaining viable under extreme hypertonicity (3000 mOsm/kg), whereas turkey sperm viability was compromised with only slightly hypertonic (500 mOsm/ kg) conditions. The timing of spermolysis under hypertonic conditions was also species-specific, with a shorter interval for turkey (2 min) than crane (10 min) sperm. Turkey sperm osmotolerance was slightly improved by lowering the incubation temperature from 21 to 4 degrees C. Pre-equilibrating sperm with DMA reduced the incidence of hypertonic spermolysis only in the crane, at both room and refrigeration temperature. Inhibiting the Na+/K+ and the Na+/H+ antiporter membrane ion pumps did not impair resistance of crane and turkey spermatozoa to hypertonic stress; pump inhibition actually increased turkey sperm survival compared to control sperm. Results demonstrate marked species specificity in osmotolerance between crane and turkey sperm, as well as in the way temperature and time of exposure affect sperm survival under hypertonic conditions. Differences are independent of the role of osmotic pumps in these species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Blanco, Juan M.; Long, Julie A.] USDA, ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.; Gee, George] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.; Wildt, David E.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22652 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.] CERI Toledo, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Toledo, Spain. [Donoghue, Ann M.] USDA, ARS, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM julie.long@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.09.004 PG 7 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 265JT UT WOS:000253355600002 PM 18005955 ER PT J AU Kuykendall, LD Hunter, WJ AF Kuykendall, L. David Hunter, William J. TI Carbohydrate and ethane release with Erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum-induced necrosis SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE; PLANTS; STRESS; TISSUE; EXPORT AB Erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum, also known as E. betavasculorum and Pectobacterium betavasculorum, is a soil bacterium that has the capacity to cause root rot necrosis of sugarbeets. The qualitatively different pathogenicity exhibited by the virulent E. carotovora strain and two avirulent strains, a Citrobacter sp. and an Enterobacter cloacae, was examined using digital analysis of photographic evidence of necrosis as well as for carbohydrate, ethane, and ethylene release compared with uninoculated potato tuber slices. Visual scoring of necrosis was superior to digital analysis of photographs. The release of carbohydrates and ethane from potato tuber slices inoculated with the soft rot necrosis-causing Erwinia was significantly greater than that of potato tuber slices that had not been inoculated or that had been inoculated with the nonpathogenic E. cloacae and Citrobacter sp. strains. Interestingly, ethylene production from potato slices left uninoculated or inoculated with the nonpathogenic Citrobacter strain was 5- to 10-fold higher than with potato slices inoculated with the pathogenic Erwinia strain. These findings suggest that (1) carbohydrate release might be a useful measure of the degree of pathogenesis, or relative virulence; and that (2) bacterial suppression of ethylene formation may be a critical step in root rot disease formation. C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hunter, William J.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kuykendall, LD (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, ARS, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM David.Kuykendall@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-9068-6 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 249TL UT WOS:000252252600005 PM 18066619 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Booth, SL AF Erkkila, Arja T. Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K intake and atherosclerosis SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE calcification; cardiovascular diseases; vitamin K ID MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PHYLLOQUINONE INTAKE; KEUTEL-SYNDROME; ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIETARY-INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS; MARKER AB Purpose of review It has been hypothesized that insufficient intake of vitamin K may increase soft-tissue calcification owing to impaired gamma-carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent protein matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. The evidence to support this putative role of vitamin K intake in atherosclerosis is reviewed. Recent findings In animal models, multiple forms of vitamin K have been shown to reverse the arterial calcification created by vitamin K antagonists. The human data, however, are less consistent. Phylloquinone, the primary dietary form, has not been associated consistently with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. High menaquinone intake may be associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease mortality, but this needs to be confirmed. Summary The role of vitamin K in calcification remains controversial. Although biologically plausible, results from the human studies have not consistently supported this hypothesis. C1 [Erkkila, Arja T.] Univ Kuopio, Sch Publ Hlth & Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Erkkila, AT (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Sch Publ Hlth & Clin Nutr, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM arja.erkkila@uku.fi NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 260QA UT WOS:000253023800008 PM 18196985 ER PT J AU Mitchum, MG Wang, XH Davis, EL AF Mitchum, Melissa G. Wang, Xiaohong Davis, Eric L. TI Diverse and conserved roles of CLE peptides SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODE; OF-FUNCTION PHENOTYPES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ROOT-MERISTEM; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; GENE-EXPRESSION; CLAVATA3; CELL; PATHWAY; CLV3 AB The function of plant CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) (CLE) peptides in shoot meristem differentiation has been expanded in recent years to implicate roles in root growth and vascular development among different CLE family members. Recent evidence suggests that nematode pathogens within plant roots secrete ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides to modify selected host cells into multinucleate feeding sites. This discovery demonstrated an unprecedented adaptation of an animal gene product to functionally mimic a plant peptides involved in cellular signaling for parasitic benefit. This review highlights the diverse and conserved role of CLE peptides in these different contexts. C1 [Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Davis, Eric L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchum, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goellnerm@missouri.edu NR 38 TC 52 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 6 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.10.010 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 266CH UT WOS:000253408400013 PM 18078779 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Shaffer, M Hu, C Lavado, R Cueto-Wong, J Joosse, P Sotomayor, D Colon, W Follett, R DelGrosso, S Li, X Rimski-Korsakov, H AF Delgado, J. A. Shaffer, M. Hu, C. Lavado, R. Cueto-Wong, J. Joosse, P. Sotomayor, D. Colon, W. Follett, R. DelGrosso, S. Li, X. Rimski-Korsakov, H. TI An index approach to assess nitrogen losses to the environment SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilization; denitrification; nitrogen management; nitrate leaching ID WINTER COVER CROPS; PRECISION CONSERVATION; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; APPLICATION TIME; LEACHING INDEX; CATTLE SLURRY; WATER-QUALITY; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER AB Nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture are negatively impacting groundwater, air, and surface water quality. New tools are needed to quickly assess these losses and provide nutrient managers and conservationists with effective tools to assess the effects of current and alternative management practices on N loss pathways. A new N-Index tool was developed in spread-sheet format, allowing prompt assessments of management practices on agricultural N losses. The N-Index tool was compared with experimental field data and shown to estimate the effects of management practices on N loss pathways (probability, P < 0.001). The N-Index correctly assessed the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching losses when tested against measured NO3-N leaching data and atmospheric N losses collected over multiple years (annual basis) and locations. The N-Index tool was developed with international cooperation from several countries and there is potential to use this tool at the international level. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Delgado, J. A.; Follett, R.; DelGrosso, S.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hu, C.; Li, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shijiazhuang Inst Agr Modernizat, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei Province, Peoples R China. [Lavado, R.; Rimski-Korsakov, H.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Catedra Fertilidad & Fertilizantes, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cueto-Wong, J.] CENID RASPA, INIFAP, Durango, Mexico. [Joosse, P.] Minist Agr & Food, Resources Management Branch, Guelph, ON N1G 4Y2, Canada. [Sotomayor, D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Colon, W.] Univ Este, Sch Sci & Technol, Carolina, PR 00984 USA. [Shaffer, M.] Shaffer Consulting, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jdelgado@lamar.colostate.edu RI Hu, Chunsheng /F-2115-2014 NR 58 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.10.006 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 268IZ UT WOS:000253574800002 ER PT J AU Trotter, RT Cobb, NS Whitham, TG AF Trotter, R. Talbot, III Cobb, Neil S. Whitham, Thomas G. TI Arthropod community diversity and trophic structure: a comparison between extremes of plant stress SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropod community; climate change; community structure; diversity; pinyon pine; plant stress; plant vigour ID PINYON PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; SEVERE DROUGHT; HERBIVORY; ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY AB 1. Previous studies have shown that plant stress and plant vigour impact the preference and performance of many insect species. Global climate-change scenarios suggest that some regions such as continental interiors may become increasingly subject to severe drought. In combination, these two issues suggest that drought-driven plant stress may impact insect communities on a landscape scale. While there have been many population studies relating plant stress to the life history of individual herbivore species, far less is known about how plant stress affects entire communities. 2. To study the effect of plant stress on arthropod communities, arthropods were sampled from the canopies of pinyon pines (Pinus edulis) growing at sites with a history of chronically high environmental stress (e.g. lower water potentials, soil moisture, and reduced growth rates), and those growing under more favourable conditions. Sampling in these environments yielded > 59 000 arthropods, representing 287 species from 14 orders and 80 families, and revealed three major community patterns. 3. First, chronic stress significantly altered community composition. Second, trees growing under high stress supported about 1/10th the number of arthropods, and roughly half the species as trees growing under more favourable conditions. Third, of the 33 abundant herbivore species that exhibited a significantly skewed distribution towards either high- or low-stress trees, 73% were skewed with higher numbers on low-stress trees. 4. The pattern of potentially reduced arthropod diversity and abundance on stressed pines observed in this study may further compound the loss of species resulting from the recent, landscape-scale drought-induced mortality of pines in the southwestern USA. C1 [Trotter, R. Talbot, III] USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Trotter, R. Talbot, III] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Cobb, Neil S.; Whitham, Thomas G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Whitham, Thomas G.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Trotter, RT (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM rttrotter@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00941.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253CF UT WOS:000252495600001 ER PT J AU Mohan, JE Ziska, LH Thomas, RB Sicher, RC George, K Clark, JS Schlesinger, WH AF Mohan, Jacqueline E. Ziska, Lewis H. Thomas, Richard B. Sicher, Richard C. George, Kate Clark, James S. Schlesinger, William H. TI Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2: Reply SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LARGE LIANAS; FORESTS; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; PLANTS C1 [Mohan, Jacqueline E.; Clark, James S.; Schlesinger, William H.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Mohan, Jacqueline E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mohan, Jacqueline E.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mohan, Jacqueline E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ziska, Lewis H.; Sicher, Richard C.; George, Kate] USDA, ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thomas, Richard B.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Clark, James S.; Schlesinger, William H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Schlesinger, William H.] Inst Ecosyst Sci, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Mohan, JE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jmohan@uga.edu RI Clark, James/G-6331-2011 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1890/07-0660.1 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276EN UT WOS:000254124200030 ER PT J AU Clark, DB Olivas, PC Oberbauer, SF Clark, DA Ryan, MG AF Clark, David B. Olivas, Paulo C. Oberbauer, Steven F. Clark, Deborah A. Ryan, Michael G. TI First direct landscape-scale measurement of tropical rain forest Leaf Area Index, a key driver of global primary productivity SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE canopy stratification; landscape ecology; leaf area index; MODIS; tropical rain forest ID CANOPY STRATIFICATION; WET FOREST; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; DISCRIMINATION; TEMPERATE; AMAZONIA; MODELS AB Leaf Area Index (leaf area per unit ground area, LAI) is a key driver of forest productivity but has never previously been measured directly at the landscape scale in tropical rain forest (TRF). We used a modular tower and stratified random sampling to harvest all foliage from forest floor to canopy top in 55 vertical transects (4.6 m(2)) across 500 ha of old growth in Costa Rica. Landscape LAI was 6.00 +/- 0.32 SEM. Trees, palms and lianas accounted for 89% of the total, and trees and lianas were 95% of the upper canopy. All vertical transects were organized into quantitatively defined strata, partially resolving the long-standing controversy over canopy stratification in TRF. Total LAI was strongly correlated with forest height up to 21 m, while the number of canopy strata increased with forest height across the full height range. These data are a benchmark for understanding the structure and functional composition of TRF canopies at landscape scales, and also provide insights for improving ecosystem models and remote sensing validation. C1 [Clark, David B.; Clark, Deborah A.] Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Clark, David B.; Clark, Deborah A.] La Selva Biol Stn, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica. [Olivas, Paulo C.; Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Olivas, Paulo C.; Oberbauer, Steven F.] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Affiliate Fac, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Clark, DB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM dbclark@sloth.ots.ac.cr RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Clark, Deborah/0000-0002-4000-4925 NR 42 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01134.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249DI UT WOS:000252206800007 PM 18031553 ER PT J AU Safford, HD Miller, J Schmidt, D Roath, B Parsons, A AF Safford, Hugh D. Miller, Jay Schmidt, David Roath, Brent Parsons, Annette TI BAER soil burn severity maps do not measure fire effects to vegetation: A comment on Odion and Hanson (2006) SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE BAER mapping; BARC maps; fire return interval; fire severity; Manter Fire; McNally Fire; mixed conifer forests; RdNBR; Sierra Nevada; spatial heterogeneity; Storrie Fire ID SIERRA-NEVADA; REGIMES AB We comment on a recent Ecosystem paper by Odion and Hanson (Ecosystems 9:1177-1189, 2006), in which the authors claim that high severity fire is rare in the Sierra Nevada under current conditions. Odion and Hanson's results are predicated on BAER soil burn severity maps, which are based primarily on fire effects to soil, not vegetation. Odion and Hanson, and we fear others as well, are misinformed as to the nature of the BAER severity mapping process, and proper applications of BAER soil burn severity maps. By comparing the BAER soil burn severity maps to a true vegetation burn severity measure (RdNBR) calibrated by field data, we show that the area in the high soil burn severity class for the three fires analyzed by Odion and Hanson is substantially less than the area of stand-replacing fire, and that BAER maps-especially hand-derived maps such as those from two of the three fires-also greatly underestimate the heterogeneity in vegetation burn severity on burned landscapes. We also show that, contrary to Odion and Hanson's claims, Fire Return Interval Departure (FRID) is strongly correlated with fire severity in conifer stands within the perimeter of the McNally Fire. C1 [Safford, Hugh D.; Roath, Brent] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miller, Jay] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, McClellan, CA 95652 USA. [Schmidt, David] Univ Calif Davis, Nat Conservancy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Parsons, Annette] US Forest Serv, USDA, RSAC BAER Liaison, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Safford, HD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, 1323 Club Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM hughsafford@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9094-z PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 265LE UT WOS:000253359600001 ER PT J AU Cook, BD Bolstad, PV Martin, JG Heinsch, FA Davis, KJ Wang, WG Desai, AR Teclaw, RM AF Cook, Bruce D. Bolstad, Paul V. Martin, Jonathan G. Heinsch, Faith Ann Davis, Kenneth J. Wang, Weiguo Desai, Ankur R. Teclaw, Ron M. TI Using light-use and production efficiency models to predict photosynthesis and net carbon exchange during forest canopy disturbance SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE Malacosoma disstria Hubner; primary production; ecosystem respiration; quantum efficiency; carbon utilization efficiency; MODIS ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; QUERCUS-RUBRA L; TENT CATERPILLAR; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SUGAR MAPLE; LEPIDOPTERA-LASIOCAMPIDAE; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; GROWTH RESPIRATION AB Vegetation growth models are used with remotely sensed and meteorological data to monitor terrestrial carbon dynamics at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Many of these models are based on a light-use efficiency equation and two-component model of whole-plant growth and maintenance respiration that have been parameterized for distinct vegetation types and biomes. This study was designed to assess the robustness of these parameters for predicting interannual plant growth and carbon exchange, and more specifically to address inconsistencies that may arise during forest disturbances and the loss of canopy foliage. A model based on the MODIS MOD17 algorithm was parameterized for a mature upland hardwood forest by inverting CO(2) flux tower observations during years when the canopy was not disturbed. This model was used to make predictions during a year when the canopy was 37% defoliated by forest tent caterpillars. Predictions improved after algorithms were modified to scale for the effects of diffuse radiation and loss of leaf area. Photosynthesis and respiration model parameters were found to be robust at daily and annual time scales regardless of canopy disturbance, and differences between modeled net ecosystem production and tower net ecosystem exchange were only approximately 2 g C m(-2) d(-1) and less than 23 g C m(-2) y(-1). Canopy disturbance events such as insect defoliations are common in temperate forests of North America, and failure to account for cyclical outbreaks of forest tent caterpillars in this stand could add an uncertainty of approximately 4-13% in long-term predictions of carbon sequestration. C1 [Cook, Bruce D.; Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Martin, Jonathan G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Heinsch, Faith Ann] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wang, Weiguo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Teclaw, Ron M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Cook, BD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 N Cleveland Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brucecook@umn.edu RI Martin, Jonathan/G-4558-2010; Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008 OI Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041 NR 125 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 26 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 265LE UT WOS:000253359600004 ER PT J AU Jackson, RE Bradley, JR Van Duyn, J Leonard, BR Allen, KC Luttrell, R Ruberson, J Adamczyk, J Gore, J Hardee, DD Voth, R Sivasupramaniam, S Mullins, JW Head, G AF Jackson, R. E. Bradley, J. R. Van Duyn, J. Leonard, B. R. Allen, K. C. Luttrell, R. Ruberson, J. Adamczyk, J. Gore, J. Hardee, D. D. Voth, R. Sivasupramaniam, S. Mullins, J. W. Head, G. TI Regional assessment of Helicoverpa zea populations on cotton and non-cotton crop hosts SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; bollworm; alternative hosts; resistance management; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; refuge; Cry protein; maize; grain sorghum; peanut; soybean ID HELIOTHIS LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; SAMPLING METHODS; CORN-EARWORM; ARTHROPOD PESTS; NATURAL REFUGE; RESISTANCE AB Selection pressure on bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) (Malvaceae), that produces one or more Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) proteins is reduced by plantings of non-Bt refuge cotton that produce non-selected individuals. However, the contributions of non-Bt, non-cotton crop hosts to the overall effective refuge for H. zea on Bt cotton have not been estimated. A 2-year, season-long study was conducted in five US cotton-producing states to assess the spatial and temporal population dynamics and host use of H. zea. Helicoverpa zea larval estimates in commercial crop fields demonstrated that non-cotton crop hosts, such as maize, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae), and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), collectively support much larger larval populations than cotton throughout the season. Larval populations were almost entirely restricted to maize in the middle part of the season (June and portions of July), and were observed in non-cotton crop hosts more frequently and typically in larger numbers than in cotton during the period when production would be expected in cotton (July and August). Numbers of H. zea larvae produced in replicated strip trials containing various crop hosts paralleled production estimates from commercial fields. In contrast, the number of H. zea adults captured in pheromone traps at interfaces of fields of Bt cotton and various crop hosts rarely varied among interfaces, except in instances where maize was highly attractive. With the exception of this early season influence of maize, moth numbers were not related to local larval production. These data demonstrate that H. zea adults move extensively from their natal host origins. Therefore, non-cotton crop hosts, and even relatively distant hosts, contribute significantly to effective refuge for H. zea on Bt cotton. The results presented here demonstrate that substantial natural refuge is present for Bt-resistance management of H. zea throughout the mid-South and Southeast portions of the US cotton belt. C1 [Jackson, R. E.; Gore, J.; Hardee, D. D.] USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bradley, J. R.; Van Duyn, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leonard, B. R.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Allen, K. C.; Luttrell, R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ruberson, J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA USA. [Adamczyk, J.] USDA ARS, HBRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Voth, R.; Sivasupramaniam, S.; Mullins, J. W.; Head, G.] Monsanto LLC, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Jackson, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rjackson@ars.usda.gov OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 126 IS 2 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00653.x PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 252JN UT WOS:000252442900001 ER PT J AU Sing, SE Arbogast, RT AF Sing, Sharlene E. Arbogast, Richard T. TI Predatory response of Xylocoris flavipes to bruchid pests of stored food legumes SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE predator; stored products; biological control; Acanthoscelides obtectus; Callosobruchus analis; Callosobruchus chinensis; Callosobruchus maculatus; Zabrotes subfasciatus; Heteroptera; Anthocoridae; Coleoptera; Bruchidae ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; ANTHOCORIDAE; HEMIPTERA; COLEOPTERA; HABITAT AB Biological control may provide an affordable and sustainable option for reducing losses to pest Bruchidae in stored food legumes, a crucial source of human dietary protein. Previous investigations have focused primarily on the role of parasitism in bruchid biological control, while the potential of generalist predators has been comparatively unexplored. The true bug Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) exhibited a Type II functional response to the majority of cosmopolitan bruchid species evaluated when data were fit to Holling's disc equation. A negative correlation was detected between mean pest species body weight and rate of predation. The rate of attack on adult prey was quite low but fairly consistent, with the larger-sized female predators generally more effective. The eggs and neonate larvae of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were the only accessible immature stages among all prey species examined; predation on A. obtectus eggs and larvae was higher than on any adult bruchids. Mean predator kill of A. obtectus immature stages was 40 first instars or 10-20 eggs per 24-h interval. Further investigation of the biological control potential of X. flavipes against pest Bruchidae is merited due to the predator's ability to kill adult stages of all prey species evaluated. C1 [Sing, Sharlene E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resource & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Arbogast, Richard T.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Sing, SE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resource & Environm Sci, 334 Leon Johnson Hall,POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ssing@montana.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 126 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00647.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 252JN UT WOS:000252442900002 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Hellmich, RL Dively, GP Higgins, LS Dixon, PM Duan, JJ AF Prasifka, J. R. Hellmich, R. L. Dively, G. P. Higgins, L. S. Dixon, P. M. Duan, J. J. TI Selection of nontarget arthropod taxa for field research on transgenic insecticidal crops: Using empirical data and statistical power SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental design; Bacillus thuringiensis; genetically modified; risk assessment ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BT COTTON; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; NATURAL ENEMIES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MONARCH LARVAE; POLLEN; TOXIN; CONSEQUENCES AB One of the possible adverse effects of transgenic insecticidal crops is the unintended decline in the abundance of nontarget arthropods. Field trials designed to evaluate potential nontarget effects can be more complex than expected because decisions to conduct field trials and the selection of taxa to include are not always guided by the results of laboratory tests. Also, recent studies emphasize the potential for indirect effects (adverse impacts to nontarget arthropods without feeding directly on plant tissues), which are difficult to predict because of interactions among nontarget arthropods, target pests, and transgenic crops. As a consequence, field studies may attempt to monitor expansive lists of arthropod taxa, making the design of such broad studies more difficult and reducing the likelihood of detecting any negative effects that might be present. To improve the taxonomic focus and statistical rigor of future studies, existing field data and corresponding power analysis may provide useful guidance. Analysis of control data from several nontarget field trials using repeated-measures designs suggests that while detection of small effects may require considerable increases in replication, there are taxa from different ecological roles that are sampled effectively using standard methods. The use of statistical power to guide selection of taxa for nontarget trials reflects scientists' inability to predict the complex interactions among arthropod taxa, particularly when laboratory trials fail to provide guidance on which groups are more likely to be affected. However, scientists still may exercise judgment, including taxa that are not included in or supported by power analyses. C1 [Prasifka, J. R.; Hellmich, R. L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dively, G. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Higgins, L. S.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Dixon, P. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Duan, J. J.] Monsanto Co, Ecol Training Ctr, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prasifka@iastate.edu NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1:SONATF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300001 PM 18348790 ER PT J AU Gaylord, ML Williams, KK Hofstetter, RW Mcmillin, JD Degomez, TE Wagner, MR AF Gaylord, M. L. Williams, K. K. Hofstetter, R. W. Mcmillin, J. D. Degomez, T. E. Wagner, M. R. TI Influence of temperature on spring flight initiation for southwestern ponderosa pine bark beetles (Coleoptera : Curculionidae, Scolytinae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE degree day; Dendroctonus; Ips; temperature; Pinus ponderosa ID FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; IPS-PINI; PHENOLOGY; MODEL; SEASONALITY; EMERGENCE; WEATHER AB Determination of temperature requirements for many economically important insects is a cornerstone of pest management. For bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), this information can facilitate timing of management strategies. Our goals were to determine temperature predictors for flight initiation of three species of Ips bark beetles, five species of Dendroctonus bark beetles, and two genera of bark beetle predators, Enoclerus spp. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Ostomidae), in ponderosa pine forests of northcentral Arizona. We quantified beetle flight activity using data loggers and pheromone-baited funnel traps at 18 sites over 4 yr. Ambient air temperature was monitored using temperature data loggers located in close proximity to funnel traps. We analyzed degree-day accumulation and differences between minimum, average, and maximum ambient temperature for the week before and week of first beetle capture to calculate flight temperature thresholds. Degree-day accumulation was not a good predictor for initiation of beetle flight. For all species analyzed other than D. adjunctus Blandford, beetles were captured in traps only when springtime temperatures exceeded 15.0 degrees C. D. adjunctus was collected when maximum temperatures reached only 14.5 degrees C. Once initial flights had begun, beetles were often captured when maximum ambient air temperatures were below initial threshold temperatures. Maximum and average air temperatures were a better predictor for beetle flight initiation than minimum temperature. We establish a temperature range for effective monitoring of bark beetles and their predators, and we discuss the implications of our results under climate change scenarios. C1 [Gaylord, M. L.; Hofstetter, R. W.; Wagner, M. R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Williams, K. K.; Degomez, T. E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Mcmillin, J. D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Gaylord, ML (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM mlg36@nau.edu NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 25 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[57:IOTOSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300008 PM 18348797 ER PT J AU Pureswaran, DS Hofstetter, RW Sullivan, BT AF Pureswaran, Deepa S. Hofstetter, Richard W. Sullivan, Brian T. TI Attraction of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus firontalis, to pheromone components of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae), in an allopatric zone SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromones; interspecific communication; reproductive isolation; exo-brevicomin trapping ID IPS-PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; LODGEPOLE PINE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; ENDO-BREVICOMIN; HOST SELECTION; PLANT-COMPOUND; FIELD RESPONSE; EXO-BREVICOMIN; SPRUCE BEETLE AB Subtle differences in pheromone components of sympatric species should be attractive only to the producing species and unattractive or repellent to the nonproducing species, and thereby maintain reproductive isolation and reduce competition between species. Bark beetles Dendroctonus brevicomis and D. frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are known to have common pheromone components, except for exo-brevicomin, which is produced by D. brevicomis. We predicted that D. frontalis would not respond to exo-brevicomin outside of the zone of sympatry with D. brevicomis. We conducted a field experiment to determine the effect of exo-brevicomin on attraction of D. frontalis and associated species in Mississippi. We determined whether D. frontalis pheromone production differed inside and outside the sympatric zone and compared the pheromone profiles with D. brevicomis within the sympatric zone. Trapping studies revealed that D. frontalis can perceive and respond positively to exo-brevicomin, an aggregation pheromone of a sympatric congener (D. brevicomis), at locations hundreds of kilometers outside the sympatric zone. Qualitative pheromone profiles showed that both species emit similar pheromone components: frontalin, endo-brevicomin, exo-brevicomin, trans-verbenol, verbenone, and myrtenol. Although not previously reported, D. frontalis males from Arizona produced exo-brevicomin. The predator Thanasimus dubius did not discriminate traps baited with exo-brevicomin and was most attracted to traps with frontalin. Hylastes beetles were significantly attracted to traps baited with exo-brevicomin in combination with other compounds. Our results raise new practical and evolutionary questions on the role of exo-brevicomin in the behavioral ecology of D.frontalis. The addition of exo-brevicomin to the current lure might increase the efficiency of trapping programs in the southeastern United States. C1 [Hofstetter, Richard W.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Pureswaran, Deepa S.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Sullivan, Brian T.] USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Hofstetter, RW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM rich.hofstetter@nau.edu NR 69 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[70:AOTSPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300009 PM 18348798 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Blackburn, LM AF Tobin, Patrick C. Blackburn, Laura M. TI Long-distance dispersal of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) facilitated its initial invasion of Wisconsin SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; biological invasions; aerobiology; local indicator of spatial autocorrelation; quantile regression ID MATING SUCCESS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SPREAD; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; PUPAE AB Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) spread is dominated by stratified dispersal, and, although spread rates are variable in space and time, the gypsy moth has invaded Wisconsin at a consistently higher rate than in other regions. Allee effects, which act on low-density populations ahead of the moving population that contribute to gypsy moth spread, have also been observed to be consistently weaker in Wisconsin. Because a major cause of an Allee effect in the gypsy moth is mate-finding failure at low densities, supplementing low-density populations with immigrants that arrive through dispersal may facilitate establishment and consequent spread. We used local indicator of spatial autocorrelation methods to examine space-time gypsy moth monitoring data from 1996 to 2006 and identify isolated, low-density colonies that arrived through dispersal. We measured the distance of these colonies from the moving population front to show that long-distance dispersal was markedly present in earlier years when Wisconsin was still mainly uninfested. Recently, however, immigrants arriving through long-distance dispersal may no longer be detected because instead of invading uninfested areas, they are now supplementing high-density colonies. In contrast, we observed no temporal pattern in the distance between low-density colonies and the population front in West Virginia and Virginia. We submit that long-distance dispersal, perhaps facilitated through meteorological mechanisms, played an important role in the spread dynamics of the initial Wisconsin gypsy moth invasion, but it currently plays a lesser role because the portion of Wisconsin most susceptible to long-distance immigrants from alternate sources is now heavily infested. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.; Blackburn, Laura M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[87:LDOTGM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300011 PM 18348800 ER PT J AU Williams, KK McMillin, JD DeGomez, TE Clancy, KM Miller, A AF Williams, Kelly K. McMillin, Joel D. DeGomez, Tom E. Clancy, Karen M. Miller, Andy TI Influence of elevation on bark beetle (Coleoptera : Curculionidae, Scolytinae) community structure and flight periodicity in ponderosa pine forests of Arizona SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus; Ips; flight seasonality; abundance; Pinus ponderosa ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; STAND CONDITIONS; LIFE-HISTORY; CLIMATE; INFESTATIONS; TEMPERATURE; HERBIVORES; MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGY AB We examined abundance and flight periodicity of five Ips and six Dendroctonus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) among three different elevation bands in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. Lawson) forests of northcentral Arizona. Bark beetle populations were monitored at 10 sites in each of three elevation bands (low: 1,600-1,736 m; middle: 2,058-2,230 m; high: 2,505-2,651 m) for 3 yr (2004-2006) using pheromone-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Trap contents were collected weekly from March to December. We also studied temperature differences among the elevation bands and what role this may play in beetle flight behavior. Bark beetles, regardless of species, showed no consistent elevational trend in abundance among the three bands. The higher abundances of Ips lecontei Swaine, I calligraphus ponderosae Swaine, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and D. brevicomis LeConte at low and middle elevations offset the greater abundance of I. knausi Swaine, D. adjunctus Blandford, D. approximatus Dietz, and D. valens LeConte at high elevations. I. pini (Say) and L latidens LeConte were found in similar numbers across the three bands. Flight periodicity of several species varied among elevation bands. In general, the flight period shortened as elevation increased; flight initiated later and terminated earlier in the year. The timing, number, and magnitude of peaks in flight activity also varied among the elevation bands. These results suggest that abundance and flight seasonality of several bark beetles are related to elevation and the associated temperature differences. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to bark beetle management and population dynamics. C1 [Williams, Kelly K.; DeGomez, Tom E.; Miller, Andy] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McMillin, Joel D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clancy, Karen M.] Forest Serv Res & Dev, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Williams, KK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM kwilli@email.arizona.edu NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 94 EP 109 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[94:IOEOBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300012 PM 18348801 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Goenaga, Ricardo TI Host breadth and parasitoids of fruit flies (Anastrepha spp.) (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Puerto Rico SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha obliqua; Anastrepha suspensa; Mangifera indica; Utetes anastrephae ID PLANTS; FLY; GUATEMALA; SCHINER; RECORDS; MEXICO; SAPOTE; BRAZIL; WEST; KEY AB Twenty fruit species representing 12 families were collected from various regions in western Puerto Rico and monitored for the emergence of Anastrepha spp. pupae. We collected 14,154 tephritid pupae from 16 fruit species representing 10 families. The relative infestations of these fruits (pupae per kilogram of fruit) were recorded. Recorded host ranges were not in complete agreement with those reported in the literature. This host-use pattern should give pause to regulators of fruit importation and exportation that base their decisions on literature from regions other than those of immediate interest to them. We recovered the braconid parasitoid Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) from tephritid pupae collected from Mangifera indica L., Spondias mombin L., Psidium guajava L., Chrysobalanus icacos L., Terminalia catappa L., and Garcinia intermedia (Pittier) Hammel. We collected one specimen of the parasitoid Doryctobracon aerolatus (Szepligeti) from the west coast (Anasco), which had not been previously reported in Puerto Rico. We present a preliminary phenology of what are probably the primary fruit hosts of the Anastrepha spp. of Puerto Rico. We also present the first report of Garcinia intermedia (Pittier) Hammel and Coffea arabica L. as reproductive hosts of A. suspensa. C1 [Jenkins, David A.; Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), Trop Agr Trop Stn, 2200 Ave,Pedro Albizu Campos,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM David.Jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[110:HBAPOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300013 PM 18348802 ER PT J AU Sing, SE Arbogast, RT AF Sing, Sharlene E. Arbogast, Richard T. TI Optimal Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) density and time of introduction for suppression of bruchid progeny in stored legumes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored products; biological control; Acanthoscelides obtectus; Callosobruchus spp.; Zabrotes subfasciatus ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; USCANA-LARIOPHAGA; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; HYMENOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; PREDATOR; HABITAT; COWPEA AB The influences of both predator density and elapsed time between initial infestation and introduction of predators were determined for suppression of bruchids infesting stored grain legumes by Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Predator density treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, or five male:female pairs of adult X. flavipes added to experimental arenas 0, 24, or 120 h after bruchid introduction. Suppression of Acanthoscelides obtectus approached eradication with all predator treatments. For all other bruchid species evaluated (Callosobruchus analis, C. chinensis, C. maculatus, and Zabrotes subfasciatus), the most effective predator density and addition time (five predator pairs at 0 h) resulted in an similar to 50% reduction of emerging F(1) bruchids compared with progeny produced in arenas without predators. The predator addition time of 0 h, when predators were added to experimental arenas simultaneously with the pest species, was determined to be the universally most efficacious treatment time. Predator density above one pair but lower than five pairs was less influential overall when X. flavipes was added 24 or 120 h after initial bruchid infestation; however, maximum suppression was achieved at approximately two predator pairs and not significantly improved on with increased predator density. Our results indicate that the most effective biological control of pest bruchids would occur when X. flavipes is added as soon as possible after legumes are stored. C1 [Sing, Sharlene E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Arbogast, Richard T.] Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Sing, SE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ssing@montana.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[131:OXFRHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300015 PM 18348804 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gardner, WA Cottrell, TE Behle, RW Wood, BW AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Gardner, Wayne A. Cottrell, Ted E. Behle, Robert W. Wood, Bruce W. TI Comparison of application methods for suppressing the pecan weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) with Beauveria bassiana under field conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; biological control; Curculio carytte; pecan ID CARYAE COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; SOIL; LARVAE; PERSISTENCE; ANISOPLIAE; EMERGENCE; CONIDIA; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS AB The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a key pest of pecans. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is pathogenic to C. caryae. One approach to managing C. caryae may be application of B. bassiana directed toward adult weevils as they emerge from the soil to attack nuts in the tree canopy. Our objective was to compare different application methods for suppression of C. caryae adults. Treatments included direct application of B. bassiana (GHA strain) to soil under the tree canopy, soil application followed by cultivation, soil application in conjunction with a cover crop (Sudan grass), direct application to the tree trunk, and application to the trunk with an UV radiation-protecting adjuvant. The study was conducted in a pecan orchard in Byron, GA, in 2005 and 2006. Naturally emerging C. caryae adults, caught after crawling to the trunk, were transported to the laboratory to determine percentage mortality and signs of mycosis. When averaged over the 15-d sampling period, weevil mortality and signs of mycosis were greater in all treatments than in the nontreated control in 2005 and 2006; >75% average mortality was observed with the trunk application both years and in the trunk application with UV protection in 2005. Results indicated trunk applications can produce superior efficacy relative to ground application, particularly if the ground application is followed by cultivation. Efficacy in the cover crop treatment, however, did not differ from other application approaches. Future research should focus on elucidating the causes for treatment differences we observed and the extent to which B. bassiana-induced C. caryae mortality reduces crop damage. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Cottrell, Ted E.; Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Gardner, Wayne A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Behle, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM david.shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[162:COAMFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300018 PM 18348807 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI Feeding substrates and behaviors of western cherry fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; feeding ecology; sugar; protein; feeding behavior ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; INDIFFERENS DIPTERA; EXTRAFLORAL NECTARS; NATURAL SOURCE; FOOD; OVIPOSITION; PATTERNS; LONGEVITY; FECUNDITY AB A study was conducted to determine the abundance of potential foods and the feeding substrates and behaviors of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), in 2005, 2006, and 2007 in central Washington state. Aphid colonies with honeydew, a presumed food source for flies, were not seen on randomly selected branches of sweet cherry trees, Prunus avium L., but leaves with cherry juice, fruit that were damaged, and leaves with bird feces were commonly seen, especially later in the season. Grazing, a behavior in which the mouthparts rapidly move up and down and touch plant surfaces without discrete substances visible to the human eye, was seen more frequently in flies on leaves than on fruit. Grazing occurred more frequently than feeding on extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on leaf petioles, cherry juice on leaves, and bird feces on leaves. The percentages of females and males that grazed on leaves were not different in 2 of 3 yr, but the percentage of females that grazed was higher in a third year. Percentages of female and male flies that fed on EFNs, cherry juice, and bird feces did not differ. More flies grazed the tops than bottoms of leaves. Flies also grazed on leaves of apple, pear, and grape. The results support the hypotheses that R. indifferens feeds mostly on leaves rather than fruit and that leaf surfaces may be the main feeding substrates for R. indifferens throughout the season. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[172:FSABOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300019 PM 18348808 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Wallet, B Freeland, TB AF Vogt, James T. Wallet, Bradley Freeland, Thomas B., Jr. TI Imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) mound shape characteristics along a north-south gradient SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nest orientation; insolation; thermoregulation; remote sensing ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGY; NESTS; BLACK AB The nests of some mound-building ants are thought to serve an important function as passive solar collectors. To test this hypothesis, imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, S. richteri Forel, and their hybrid) mound shape characteristics (south facing slope angle and area, mound height, and basal elongation in the plane of the ground) were quantified in 2005 and 2006 at a number of locations from approximate to 30 degrees 25' N (Long Beach, MS) to 35 degrees 3' N (Fayetteville, TN). Insolation (w*h/m(2)), maximum sun angle (sun elevation in degrees above the horizon at noon, dependent on date and latitude), cumulative rainfall (7 and 30 d before sampling), and mean ambient temperature (7 d before sampling) for each site X date combination were used as predictive variables to explain mound shape characteristics. Steepness of south-facing mound slopes was negatively associated with maximum sun angle at higher temperatures, with predicted values falling from approximate to 36 degrees at sun angle = 40 degrees to 26 degrees at sun angle = 70 degrees; at lower temperatures, slope remained relatively constant at 28 degrees. On average, mound height was negatively correlated with maximum sun angle. Rainfall had a net negative effect on mound height, but mound height increased slightly with maximum sun angle when rainfall was high. Mound elongation generally increased with increased mound building activity. Under favorable temperature conditions and average rainfall, imported fire ant mounds were tallest, most eccentric, and had the steepest south facing slopes during periods of low maximum sun angle. Mound shape characteristics are discussed with regard to season and their potential usefulness for remote sensing efforts. C1 [Vogt, James T.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wallet, Bradley] LLC, Automated Decis, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Freeland, Thomas B., Jr.] USDA, Off Chief Economist, World Agr Outlook Board Field Off, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[198:IFAHFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300022 PM 18348811 ER PT J AU Anulewicz, AC Mccullough, DG Cappaert, DL Poland, TM AF Anulewicz, Andrea C. Mccullough, Deborah G. Cappaert, David L. Poland, Therese M. TI Host range of the Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) in North America: Results of multiple-choice field experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fraxinus; host range; oviposition preference; invasive pest; host selection ID BILINEATUS WEBER COLEOPTERA; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; LARVAL PERFORMANCE; CHESTNUT BORER; INSECTS; PLANT AB Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding pest, was identified as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus) mortality in southeast Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, Canada, in 2002. A. planipennis reportedly colonizes other genera in its native range in Asia, including Ulmus L., Juglans L., and Pterocarya Knuth. Attacks on nonash species have not been observed in North America to date, but there is concern that other genera could be colonized. From 2003 to 2005, we assessed adult A. planipennis landing rates, oviposition, and larval development on North American ash species and congeners of its reported hosts in Asia in multiple-choice field studies conducted at several southeast Michigan sites. Nonash species evaluated included American elm (U. americana L.), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), black walnut (J. nigra L.), shagbark hickory [Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch], and Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata Bl.). In studies with freshly cut logs, adult beetles occasionally landed on nonash logs but generally laid fewer eggs than on ash logs. Larvae fed and developed normally on ash logs, which were often heavily infested. No larvae were able to survive, grow, or develop on any nonash logs, although failed first-instar galleries occurred on some walnut logs. High densities of larvae developed on live green ash and white ash nursery trees, but there was no evidence of larval survival or development on Japanese tree lilac and black walnut trees in the same plantation. We felled, debarked, and intensively examined >28 m(2) of phloem area on nine American elm trees growing in contact with or adjacent to heavily infested ash trees. We found no sign of A. planipennis feeding on any elm. C1 [Anulewicz, Andrea C.; Mccullough, Deborah G.; Cappaert, David L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Anulewicz, Andrea C.; Mccullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Anulewicz, AC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci,E Circle Dr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM andreaa@msu.edu NR 52 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 9 U2 55 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[230:HROTEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300026 PM 18348815 ER PT J AU Oyediran, IO French, BW Clark, TL Dashiell, KE Hibbard, BE AF Oyediran, Isaac O. French, B. Wade Clark, Thomas L. Dashiell, Kenton E. Hibbard, Bruce E. TI Prairie grasses as hosts of the northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prairie grasses; alternate hosts; resistance management; Diabrotica barberi ID TIME-STEP MODEL; TRANSGENIC CORN; CROP-ROTATION; WESTERN; ADAPTATION; DIABROTICA; DYNAMICS; LARVAE; PROTEINS; BIOLOGY AB We evaluated 27 prairie grass species thought to be among those dominant 200 yr ago in the northern midwest as larval hosts of the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence. Maize (Zea mays L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were included as controls for a total of 30 species. Twenty pots of each species were planted in a randomized complete block design. Each pot was infested 5 wk later with 20 neonate northern corn rootworm larvae. Two pots within each species and block were assigned an extraction date of 7 or 14 d after infestation. The remaining two pots from each block were used to monitor adult emergence. The percentage of larvae recovered, change in larval head capsule width, and change in average dry weights varied significantly among the grass species. The highest percentage of larvae was recovered from slender wheatgrass, Elymus trachycaulus (Link), and this was significantly greater than the percentage recovered from all other species including maize for the 14-d sample date. Several additional species were also relatively good hosts, in that the percentage of larvae recovered from these species was not significantly different from maize. The average dry weight of larvae recovered was significantly greater for larvae recovered from maize than for larvae recovered from all other species except slender wheatgrass, when the two samples dates were combined. Overall, adults were produced from only 6 of the 28 species evaluated, and no analysis was performed because of the low numbers. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the potential of alternate hosts of northern corn rootworm to serve as a bridge to survival on transgenic maize. C1 [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Oyediran, Isaac O.; Clark, Thomas L.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [French, B. Wade; Dashiell, Kenton E.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hibbardb@missouri.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[247:PGAHOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300028 PM 18348817 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Roberts, RT Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA van Genuchten, MT AF Nemes, A. Roberts, R. T. Rawls, W. J. Pachepsky, Ya. A. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Software to estimate-33 and-1500 kPa soil water retention using the non-parametric k-Nearest Neighbor technique SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE k-Nearest Neighbor; soil water retention; field capacity; wilting point; pedotransfer function; uncertainty; bootstrap AB A computer tool has been developed that uses a k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) lazy learning algorithm to estimate soil water retention at -33 and -1500 kPa matric potentials and its uncertainty. The user can customize the provided source data collection to accommodate specific local needs. Ad hoc calculations make this technique a competitive alternative to publish pedotransfer equations, as re-development of such equations is not needed when new data become available. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM attila.nemes@ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 6 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 254 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.05.018 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227ZU UT WOS:000250697400012 ER PT J AU Jones, ME Paine, TD Fenn, ME AF Jones, Michele Eatough Paine, Timothy D. Fenn, Mark E. TI The effect of nitrogen additions on oak foliage and herbivore communities at sites with high and low atmospheric pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nitrogen deposition; Quercus kellogii; herbivore; catkin; San Bernardino Mountains ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; N DEPOSITION; FOREST; OZONE; ECOSYSTEM; INSECTS; THROUGHFALL; SATURATION AB To evaluate plant and herbivore responses to nitrogen we conducted a fertilization study at a low and high pollution site in the mixed conifer forests surrounding Los Angeles, California. Contrary to expectations, discriminant function analysis of oak herbivore communities showed significant response to N fertilization when atmospheric deposition was high, but not when atmospheric deposition was low. We hypothesize that longer-term fertilization treatments are needed at the low pollution site before foliar N nutrition increases sufficiently to affect herbivore communities. At the high pollution site, fertilization was also associated with increased catkin production and higher densities of a byturid beetle that feeds on the catkins of oak. Leaf nitrogen and nitrate were significantly higher at the high pollution site compared to the low pollution site. Foliar nitrate concentrations were positively correlated with abundance of sucking insects, leafrollers and plutellids in all three years of the study. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Michele Eatough; Paine, Timothy D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jones, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM michele.eatough@ucr.edu NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.020 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276LT UT WOS:000254144200002 ER PT J AU Chapagain, PP Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Wolfgang, DR Hovingh, E Nelen, KA Schukken, YH Grohn, YT AF Chapagain, P. P. Van Kessel, J. S. Karns, J. S. Wolfgang, D. R. Hovingh, E. Nelen, K. A. Schukken, Y. H. Grohn, Y. T. TI A mathematical model of the dynamics of Salmonella Cerro infection in a US dairy herd SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BULK TANK MILK; REALISTIC DISTRIBUTIONS; CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS; DUBLIN INFECTION; EPIDEMIC MODELS; TRANSMISSION; CATTLE; COWS; TYPHIMURIUM AB We developed a mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of salmonella to describe an outbreak of S. Cerro infection that occurred in a Pennsylvania dairy herd. The data were collected as part of a cooperative research project between the Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance and the Agricultural Research Service. After the initial detection of a high prevalence of S. Cerro infection in the herd, a frequent and intensive sampling was conducted and the outbreak was followed for I year. The data showed a persistent presence of S. Cerro with a high prevalence of infection in the herd. The dynamics of host and pathogen were modelled using a set of nonlinear differential equations. A more realistically distributed (gamma-distributed) infectious period using multiple stages of infection was considered. The basic reproduction number was calculated and relevance to the intervention strategies is discussed. C1 [Chapagain, P. P.; Schukken, Y. H.; Grohn, Y. T.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.; Karns, J. S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wolfgang, D. R.; Hovingh, E.; Nelen, K. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Chapagain, PP (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM prem.chapagain@fiu.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 FU United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS); Food Safety Research and Response Networks FX Financial support for this work was provided in part by specific cooperative agreements with the United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) and the Food Safety Research and Response Networks through a grant from the USDA-CSREES. We also thank the talented staff of the USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory for their technical expertise; and R. Ivanek and R. Mitchell for helpful discussions. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1017/S0950268807008400 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 350FC UT WOS:000259337000015 PM 17445313 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Dogramaci, M AF Jauhar, Prem P. Dogramaci, Muenevver TI Chromosome pairing in durum wheat haploids with and without ph1b of bread wheat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH); homoeologous chromosome pairing; Ph1; ph1b; regulation of chromosome pairing ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; LOCUS; RECOGNITION; GENOME; MAIZE; GENE AB Durum or macaroni wheat (Triticum turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28; AABB) is an allotetraploid with two related genomes, AA and BB, each with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes. Although the corresponding chromosomes of the two genomes are potentially capable of pairing with one another, the Ph1 (Pairing homoeologous) gene in the long arm of chromosome 5B permits pairing only between homologous partners. As a result of this Ph1-exercised disciplinary control, durum wheat and its successor, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD) show diploid-like chromosome pairing and hence disomic inheritance. The Ph mutants in the form of deletions are available in bread wheat (ph1b) and durum wheat (ph1c). Thus, ph1b-haploids of bread wheat and ph1c-haploids of durum wheat show extensive homoeologous pairing that has been shown by us and several others. Here we study the effect of ph1b allele of bread wheat on chromosome pairing in durum haploids, whereas we studied earlier the effect of ph1c allele in durum haploids that we synthesized. In durum wheat, the ph1b-haploids show much higher (49.4% of complement) pairing than the ph1c-haploids (38.6% of complement). C1 [Jauhar, Prem P.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Dogramaci, Muenevver] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2008 VL 159 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9523-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 244KW UT WOS:000251865800008 ER PT J AU Vanegas, CDG Garvin, DF Kolmer, JA AF Vanegas, Carmen D. Gavin Garvin, David F. Kolmer, James A. TI Genetics of stem rust resistance in the spring wheat cultivar Thatcher and the enhancement of stem rust resistance by Lr34 SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE durable resistance; Puccinia graminis f; sp; tritici; specific resistance ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; VIRULENCE; MARKERS; SR31 AB Three recombinant inbred line populations from the crosses RL6071/Thatcher, RL6071/RL6058 (Thatcher Lr34), and Thatcher/RL6058, were used to study the genetics of stem rust resistance in Thatcher and TcLr34. Segregation of stem rust response in each population was used to determine the number of genes conferring resistance, as well as the effect of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 on stem rust resistance. The relationship between resistance in seedling and adult plants was also examined, and an attempt was made to identify microsatellite markers linked to genes that were effective in adult plants. In field plot tests at least three additive resistance genes segregated in the RL6071/RL6058 population, whereas two resistance genes segregated in the RL6071/Thatcher population. The presence of the gene Lr34 permitted the expression of additional stem rust resistance in Thatcher-derived lines both at the seedling and adult plant stages. Seedling resistance to races TPMK and RKQQ was significantly associated with resistance in adult plants, whereas seedling resistance to races QCCD and QCCB may have made a minor contribution. The seedling resistance genes Sr16 and Sr12 may have contributed to resistance in adult plants. A molecular marker linked to resistance in adult plants was identified on chromosome 2BL. C1 [Kolmer, James A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vanegas, Carmen D. Gavin] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2008 VL 159 IS 3 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9541-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 244KW UT WOS:000251865800013 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Forsman, ED Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Funk, W. Chris Forsman, Eric D. Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. TI Introgression and dispersal among spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) subspecies SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; introgression; long-distance dispersal; microsatellites; spotted owl; Strix occidentalis; subspecies; US Endangered Species Act ID OTUS-ELEGANS-BOTELENSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BARRED OWLS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; NORTHERN; DIFFERENTIATION AB Population genetics plays an increasingly important role in the conservation and management of declining species, particularly for defining taxonomic units. Subspecies are recognized by several conservation organizations and countries and receive legal protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two subspecies of spotted owls, northern (Strix occidentalis caurina) and Mexican (S. o. lucida) spotted owls, are ESA-listed as threatened, but the California (S. o. occidentalis) spotted owl is not listed. Thus, determining the boundaries of these subspecies is critical for effective enforcement of the ESA. We tested the validity of previously recognized spotted owl subspecies by analysing 394 spotted owls at 10 microsatellite loci. We also tested whether northern and California spotted owls hybridize as suggested by previous mitochondrial DNA studies. Our results supported current recognition of three subspecies. We also found bi-directional hybridization and dispersal between northern and California spotted owls centered in southern Oregon and northern California. Surprisingly, we also detected introgression of Mexican spotted owls into the range of northern spotted owls, primarily in the northern part of the subspecies' range in Washington, indicating long-distance dispersal of Mexican spotted owls. We conclude with a discussion of the conservation implications of our study. C1 [Funk, W. Chris; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM wcfunk@wm.edu FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We are indebted to many people who helped with sample collection and logistics, particularly P. Loschl, R. Anthony, S. Ackers, R. Claremont, D. Herter, S. Hopkins, J. Reid, and S. Sovern. We also thank R. Anthony, L. Bernatchez, J. Matthews, M. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Samples were collected under US Fish and Wildlife Service threatened species permit number TE026280-11 and Oregon State University Animal Care and Use permit number 3091. NR 89 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00002.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EO UT WOS:000262783400014 PM 25567499 ER PT J AU Herndl, M White, JW Hunt, LA Graeff, S Claupein, W AF Herndl, Markus White, Jeffrey W. Hunt, L. A. Graeff, Simone Claupein, Wilhelm TI Field-based evaluation of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE earliness per se; anthesis; modeling; photoperiod; vernalization ID BASIC DEVELOPMENT RATE; EAR-EMERGENCE TIME; PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; INTRINSIC EARLINESS; PHASIC DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC-CONTROL; WINTER-WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; VARIETIES; CULTIVARS AB Vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se (EPS) of bread wheat cultivars are often determined using controlled environments. However, use of non-field conditions may reduce the applicability of results for predicting field performance as well as increase the cost of evaluations. This research was undertaken, therefore, to determine whether field experiments could replace controlled environment studies and provide accurate characterization of these three traits among winter wheat cultivars. Twenty-six cultivars were evaluated under field conditions using two natural photoperiod regimes (from different transplanting dates) and vernalization pre-treatments. Relative responses to vernalization (RRVGDD) and photoperiod (RRPGDD) were quantified using the reciprocal of thermal time to end of ear emergence, whereas earliness per se was estimated by calculating thermal time from seedling emergence until end of ear emergence for fully vernalized and lately planted material. An additional index based on final leaf numbers was also calculated to characterize response to vernalization (RRVFLN). To test whether the obtained indices have predictive power, results were compared with cultivar parameters estimated for the CSM-Cropsim-CERES-Wheat model Version 4.0.2.0. For vernalization requirement, RRVGDD was compared with the vernalization parameter P1V, for photoperiod (RRPGDD), with PI D, and for earliness per se, EPS was compared with the sum of the component phase durations. Allowing for variation in EPS in the calibration improved the relation between observed versus simulated data substantially: correlations of RRPGDD with P1D increased from r(2) =.34 (p <. 01), to .82 (p < .001), and of RRVGDD With P1V, from r(2) =.88 (p <.001), to .94 (p <.001). In comparisons of observed versus simulated anthesis dates for independent field experiments, the estimated model coefficients resulted in an r(2) of .98 (p < .001) and root mean square error of Id. Overall, the results indicated that combining planting dates with vernalization pre-treatments can permit reliable, quantitative characterization of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and EPS of wheat cultivars. Furthermore, emphasize the need for further study to clarify aspects that determine EPS, including whether measured EPS varies with temperature or other factors. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Herndl, Markus; Graeff, Simone; Claupein, Wilhelm] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res 340, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [White, Jeffrey W.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Herndl, M (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res 340, Fruwirthstr 23, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM m-herndl@uni-hohenheim.de NR 46 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.002 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 253WS UT WOS:000252548900004 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, H Thippareddi, H AF Juneja, Vijay K. Marks, Harry Thippareddi, Harshavardhan TI Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked uncured beef SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE isothermal; dynamic; lag phase duration; exponential growth rates; hazard function ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; GROUND-BEEF; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MICROBIAL LAG; CELL-DIVISION; FOOD; INACTIVATION; MEDIA; TIMES AB This paper considers growth models including one based on Baranyi's equations for growth and the other based on the logistic function. Using a common approach for constructing dynamic models for predicting Clostridium perfringens growth in ready-to-eat uncured beef during cooling, there was no appreciable difference between the models' predictions when the population of cells was within the lag or exponential phases of growth. The developed models can be used for designing safe cooling processes; however, the discrepancies between predicted and observed growths obtained in this study, together with discrepancies reported in other papers using the same, or similar methodology as used in this paper, point to a possible inadequacy of the derived models. In particular, the appropriateness of the methodology depends on the appropriateness of using estimated growth kinetics obtained from experiments conducted in isothermal environments for determining coefficients of differential equations that are used for predicting growth in constantly changing (dynamic) environments. The coefficients are interpreted as instantaneous specific rates of change that are independent of prior history. However, there is no known scientific reason that would imply the truth of this assumption. Incorporating a different, less restrictive assumption, allowing for a dependency on the prior history of cells for these kinetic parameters, might lead to models that provide more accurate estimates of growth. For example, a cooling scenario of 54.4-27 degrees C in 1.5 h, the average predicted and observed log(10) relative growths were 1.1 log(10) and 0.66 log(10), respectively, a difference of 0.44 log(10), whereas, when assuming a particular dependency of history, the predicted value was 0.8 log(10). More research is needed to characterize the behavior of growth kinetic parameters relative to prior history in dynamic environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2007.08.004 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 236RZ UT WOS:000251322400006 PM 17993376 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Mao, Y Gale, F AF Wang, Zhigang Mao, Yanna Gale, Fred TI Chinese consumer demand for food safety attributes in milk products SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE food; safety; China; willingness to pay; hedonic model; dairy; milk ID SECTOR; PRICES AB Little is known about emerging demands for food safety among consumers in developing countries. This study presents results of an investigation of consumer awareness, willingness to pay, and price premiums for milk products manufactured using Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) management, a quality management system used to reduce food safety risks. Chinese food processors initially sought HACCP certification to access export markets, but now HACCP is rapidly being adopted for domestic products and HACCP logos have begun to appear on labels in China. A survey of Beijing consumers found that less than one in five respondents was aware of HACCP, and most who had heard of HACCP had learned about it within the previous year. After receiving information on HACCP nearly all respondents were willing to pay a modest price premium for HACCP-certified products. Products with HACCP labels in Beijing supermarkets sold at a price premium of about 5% over products without such labels, holding other product attributes constant. The results indicate that demand for food safety is emerging as an attribute demanded by Chinese consumers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zhigang; Mao, Yanna] Renmin Univ China, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gale, Fred] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Gale, F (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM oshigo@yahoo.com.cn; fgale@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 EI 1873-5657 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2007.05.006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 261ZP UT WOS:000253118800003 ER PT J AU Lundin, JI Dargatz, DA Wagner, BA Lombard, JE Hill, AE Ladely, SR Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Lundin, Jessica I. Dargatz, David A. Wagner, Bruce A. Lombard, Jason E. Hill, Ashley E. Ladely, Scott R. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Antimicrobial drug resistance of fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from United States dairy cows SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; FOOD ANIMALS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMMENSAL; NEWPORT; CHLORAMPHENICOL; OPERATIONS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern for public and animal health. Threats to public health could come from the transfer of pathogens from animals to people via indirect contact such as through food or by direct contact with animals. In addition, concern has been raised for the potential transfer of resistance determinants from animals to humans through commensal bacterial flora such as Escherichia coli. Isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp. from dairy cows on farms in 21 states were evaluated for resistance to a panel of 16 antimicrobial drugs. Resistance patterns for E. coli were compared to those of Salmonella spp. when they were isolated concurrently on the same farm or from the same fecal sample. Overall, most of the E. coli isolates (85.3%) and Salmonella spp. isolates (87.2%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials in the panel. The resistance profiles for E. coli with and without concurrent isolation of Salmonella were comparable with the exception of tetracycline resistance, which was more common among the E. coli isolated with Salmonella spp. The resistance patterns for E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated concurrently were not significantly different for any of the antimicrobials evaluated. The data from this study demonstrate that the majority of commensal E. coli and Salmonella spp. recovered from feces of dairy cows harbored no resistance to a broad range of antimicrobial drugs. Further studies are indicated to better understand the factors that influence the frequency of resistance in commensal E. coli and Salmonella spp. on dairy operations. C1 [Lundin, Jessica I.; Dargatz, David A.; Wagner, Bruce A.; Lombard, Jason E.] USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hill, Ashley E.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ladely, Scott R.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Un, Athens, GA USA. RP Lundin, JI (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0018 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 265LY UT WOS:000253361600003 PM 18260811 ER PT J AU Ramlachan, N Anderson, RC Andrews, K Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Ramlachan, Nicole Anderson, Robin C. Andrews, Kathleen Harvey, Roger B. Nisbet, David J. TI A comparative study on the effects of tylosin on select bacteria during continuous flow culture of mixed populations of gut microflora derived from a feral and a domestic pig SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURE; GROWTH-PROMOTING ANTIBIOTICS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEALTHY-YOUNG CHICKENS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; RESISTANCE GENES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; FECAL ENTEROCOCCI AB Continuous flow cultures of feral (culture FC) and domesticated (culture RPCF) pig gut microflora were established in steady state. Cultures were continuously infused with 25 or 100 lug tylosin/mL and sampled at intervals to assess effects on total culturable anaerobes, Bacteroides and Enterococcus via plating to agar supplemented without or with 100 mu g tylosin/mL, the latter to assess bacterial sensitivity to tylosin. Endogenous tylosin-insensitive anaerobes within the cultures, while similar prior to tylosin administration, responded differently during tylosin administration, with concentrations in RPCF cultures becoming enriched more than in FC cultures. Tylosin-insensitive anaerobes in RPCF cultures persisted at increased concentrations after cessation of tylosin administration whereas concentrations in FC cultures decreased slightly. Concentrations of Bacteroides and endogenous Enterococcus recovered on medium without tylosin decreased to near or below detectable levels in FC cultures administered 25 or 100 mu g tylosin/mL. Tylosin-insensitive Bacteroides were enriched to >5 log(10) CFU/mL in RPCF cultures after 25 mu g tylosin/mL but not at 100 lug tylosin/mL. Populations of endogenous tylosin-insensitive Enterococcus were enriched in RPCF but not FC cultures administered 25 or 100 mu g tylosin/mL. In cultures administered 100 mu g tylosin/mL, an exogenous-sourced E. faecium possessing tylosin resistance maintained itself only in the presence of tylosin. These results indicate that under the conditions of these tests, antibiotic exposure may enrich for antibiotic-insensitive bacteria populations of endogenous or exogenous origin but that the ability of an exogenous tylosin-resistant E. faecium to persist is reduced in the absence of the antibiotic, likely due to exclusion by native flora. C1 [Ramlachan, Nicole; Anderson, Robin C.; Andrews, Kathleen; Harvey, Roger B.; Nisbet, David J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ramlachan, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0022 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 265LY UT WOS:000253361600004 PM 18260812 ER PT J AU Latimer, HK Marks, HM Coleman, ME Schlosser, WD Golden, NJ Ebel, ED Kause, J Schroeder, CM AF Latimer, Heejeong K. Marks, Harry M. Coleman, Margaret E. Schlosser, Wayne D. Golden, Neal J. Ebel, Eric D. Kause, Janell Schroeder, Carl M. TI Evaluating the effectiveness of pasteurization for reducing human illnesses lefrom Salmonella spp. in egg products: Results of a quantitative risk assessment SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SHELL EGGS; INSPECTION SERVICE; FOOD SAFETY; ENTERITIDIS; GROWTH; HENS; YOLK; TOOL AB As part of the process for developing risk-based performance standards for egg product processing, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) undertook a quantitative microbial risk assessment for Salmonella spp. in pasteurized egg products. The assessment was designed to assist risk managers in evaluating egg handling and pasteurization performance standards for reducing the likelihood of Salmonella in pasteurized egg products and the subsequent risk to human health. The following seven pasteurized liquid egg product formulations were included in the risk assessment model, with the value in parentheses indicating the estimated annual number of human illnesses from Salmonella from each: egg white (2636), whole egg (1763), egg yolk (708), whole egg with 10% salt (407), whole egg with 10% sugar (0), egg yolk with 10% salt (11), and egg yolk with 10% sugar (0). Increased levels of pasteurization were predicted to be highly effective mitigations for reducing the number of illnesses. For example, if all egg white products were pasteurized for a 6-log(10) reduction of Salmonella, the estimated annual number of illnesses from these products would be reduced from 2636 to 270. The risk assessment identified several data gaps and research needs, including a quantitative study of cross-contamination during egg product processing and characterization of egg storage times and temperatures (i) on farms and in homes, (ii) for eggs produced off-line, and (iii) for egg products at retail. Pasteurized egg products are a relatively safe food; however, findings from this study suggest increased pasteurization can make them safer. C1 [Latimer, Heejeong K.; Coleman, Margaret E.; Schlosser, Wayne D.; Golden, Neal J.; Ebel, Eric D.; Kause, Janell; Schroeder, Carl M.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Marks, Harry M.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy, Program Dev, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Latimer, HK (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0041 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 265LY UT WOS:000253361600008 PM 18260816 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY Castlebury, LA Farr, DF Stanosz, GR AF Rossman, A. Y. Castlebury, L. A. Farr, D. F. Stanosz, G. R. TI Sirococcus conigenus, Sirococcus piceicola sp nov and Sirococcus tsugae sp nov on conifers: anamorphic fungi in the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOOT-BLIGHT; CLAVIGIGNENTI-JUGLANDACEARUM; FOREST NURSERIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORWAY SPRUCE; SEED-BORNE; 1ST REPORT; DISEASE AB Sirococcus is a genus of asexually reproducing fungi that includes important pathogens causing shoot blight and tip dieback of conifers. In this paper, the type species of Sirococcus, S. conigenus, is redescribed and illustrated, and an epitype designated. In addition, two new species are recognized. Sirococcus piceicola sp. nov. is describe from species of Picea in Canada and Switzerland. A second new species, S. tsugae sp. nov., is known only from western North America on species of Cedrus and Tsuga. These three species can be distinguished based on morphological differences and molecular sequence data from four genes. The three species of Sirococcus on conifers vary in conidiomatal wall structure, shape of the conidiogenous cells, and shape and size of conidia. C1 [Rossman, A. Y.; Castlebury, L. A.; Farr, D. F.] USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stanosz, G. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI USA. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Amy.Rossman@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00529.x PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 264TB UT WOS:000253312200005 ER PT J AU Dey, DC Jacobs, D McNabb, K Miller, G Baldwin, V Foster, G AF Dey, Daniel C. Jacobs, Douglass McNabb, Ken Miller, Gary Baldwin, V. Foster, G. TI Artificial regeneration of major oak (Quercus) species in the eastern United States - A review of the literature SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE reforestation; afforestation; planting seedlings; competition control; direct seeding; regeneration success; Quercus; oak; silviculture; animal damage ID NORTHERN RED OAK; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD SITES; MISSOURI RIVER FLOODPLAIN; PLANTING STOCK QUALITY; PAGODA RAF. SEEDLINGS; FIELD PERFORMANCE; SEED SIZE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; ADVANCE REGENERATION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AB Although natural regeneration is often the best method for establishing new oak (Quercus spp.) stands, there are increasingly more situations in which high potential for oak regeneration failure dictates the use of artificial regeneration including direct seeding and planting seedlings. Additionally, afforestation planting programs frequently incorporate oak species. Artificial regeneration of oak stands is challenging for numerous reasons. In this article we synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding growing and planting the major oak species in the eastern United States, point out critical research gaps, and provide some general growing, planting, and stand tending guidelines and recommendations. Adequate site preparation, careful planting of healthy, genetically adapted seed or seedlings of high morphological and physiological quality, and subsequent control of competing vegetation and browse damage are necessary actions to assure regeneration success. Oak seedling survival in the early years after planting or seeding is a poor indicator of regeneration success. Successful regeneration may be defined as having a desired proportion of the oak planting stock reach dominant/codominant status in the stand. The costs of all activities required to produce a successful oak tree in the future stand should be considered in economic comparison of alternative prescriptions for oak regeneration. C1 [Dey, Daniel C.; Miller, Gary] US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jacobs, Douglass] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McNabb, Ken] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn,202 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us; djacobs@purdue.edu; mcnabb@auburn.edu; gwmiller@fs.fed.us; c3pbaldwin@msn.com; gfoster@fs.fed.us NR 267 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 77 EP 106 PG 30 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 264RL UT WOS:000253306600009 ER PT J AU Salas, C Stage, AR Robinson, AP AF Salas, Christian Stage, Albert R. Robinson, Andrew P. TI Modeling effects of overstory density and competing vegetation on tree height growth SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE differential equations; competition; density; mixed-effects models; maximum likelihood; state-space approach; Douglas-fir; site index ID EVEN-AGED STANDS; MIXED EFFECTS MODELS; BASAL AREA GROWTH; DOUGLAS-FIR; PINUS-RADIATA; SITE INDEX; LODGEPOLE PINE; STEM ANALYSIS; FOREST; DYNAMICS AB We developed and evaluated an individual-tree height growth model for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] in the Inland Northwest United States. The model predicts growth for all tree sizes continuously, rather than requiring a transition between independent models for juvenile and mature growth phases. The model predicts the effects of overstory and understory vegetative competition on height growth. Our model requires attained height rather than tree age as a predictor variable, thereby avoiding the problems of site index. Site effects are introduced as a function of ecological habitat type, elevation, aspect, and slope. We used six data sets totaling 3,785 trees in 314 plots. The structure of the data and the model indicated the need for a mixed-effects, nonlinear modeling approach using maximum likelihood in a linear differential equation with a power transformation. Behavior of the model was analyzed using a state-space approach. Our results show that both overstory and understory density affect height growth, allowing a manager to make informed decisions about vegetation control. C1 [Salas, Christian] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Salas, Christian] Univ La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. [Stage, Albert R.] US Forest Serv, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Robinson, Andrew P.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM christian.salas@yale.edu; astage@moscow.com; a.robinson@ms.unimelb.edu.au RI Salas, Christian/B-3013-2010; Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; Salas, Christian/I-3588-2013; OI Salas, Christian/0000-0002-8468-0829; Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043 NR 88 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 107 EP 122 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 264RL UT WOS:000253306600010 ER PT J AU Guo, W Wise, ML Collins, FW Meydani, M AF Guo, Welmin Wise, Mitchell L. Collins, F. William Meydani, Mohsen TI Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, inhibit IL-1 beta-induced NF-kappa B activation in endothelial cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE avenanthramide-c methyl ester; atherosclerosis; NF-kappa B; endothelial cello; cytokines ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME PATHWAY; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; DOWN-REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE AB The chronic inflammation of arterial walls is associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Earlier we reported that avenanthramide (Avn) s-enriched extract of oats (AvnsO) significantly suppressed interleukin (IL)-1 beta-stimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, by human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). The main objective of the current study was to determine if the mechanism of inhibitory effect of these polyphenols from oats on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines is mediated through modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)-dependent transcription. Confluent HAEC monolayers were treated for 24 h with AvnsO, and synthetically prepared Avn-c suppressed IL-beta-stimulated activation of NF-kappa B in a concentration-dependent manner. CH3-Avn-c, a synthetically prepared methyl ester derivative of Avn-c with a high biological potency, significantly and dose dependently decreased mRNA expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-I by HAEC as determined by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, and it inhibited IL-1 beta- and TNF alpha-stimulated NF-kappa B activation as determined by a NF-kappa B DNA binding assay and a NF-kappa B luciferase reporter assay. AvnsO and Avn-c as well as CH3-Avn-c also inhibited the NF kappa B-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNFR-associated factor 2 and 6 (TRAF2, TRAF6) and NF kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK). CH3-Avn-c also significantly and dose dependently decreased the phosphorylation level of 1 kappa B kinase (IKK) and I kappa B, and prevented I kappa B degradation as measured by Western blotting. In addition, CH3-Avn-c markedly increased the overall levels of high mass ubiquitin-conjugated protein levels while it mildly inhibited proteasome activity. These observations suggest that Avns, unique polyphenols from oats, decrease the expression of endothelial proinflammatory cytokines at least in part through inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKK and I kappa B, and by suppressing proteasome activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Welmin; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wise, Mitchell L.] USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Collins, F. William] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 NR 72 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.036 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 257WM UT WOS:000252829500019 PM 18062932 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA McKelvey, KS Flather, CH McGarigal, K AF Cushman, Samuel A. McKelvey, Kevin S. Flather, Curtis H. McGarigal, Kevin TI Do forest community types provide a sufficient basis to evaluate biological diversity? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; COARSE-FILTER APPROACH; OREGON COAST RANGE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ORDINATION; US AB Forest communities, defined by the size and configuration of cover types and stand ages, have commonly been used as proxies for the abundance or viability of wildlife populations. However, for community types to succeed as proxies for species abundance, several assumptions must be met. We tested these assumptions for birds in an Oregon forest environment. Measured habitat was a weak proxy for species abundance and vegetation cover type was a weak proxy for habitat, explaining only 4% of the variance in species abundance. The adequacy of forest community types as habitat proxies was highly dependent on classification rules and the spatial scales at which communities were defined. Habitat was perceived differently by species guilds and a single, generalized characterization of habitat is therefore unlikely to provide a reliable basis for multi-species conservation efforts. Given the weak relations between forest vegetation and species abundance, evaluation of landscape pattern is unlikely to be an effective replacement for the direct monitoring of species population size and distribution. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.; McKelvey, Kevin S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conversat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1890/070039 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 258OV UT WOS:000252878100014 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Johnson, HB Fay, PA Sanabria, J AF Polley, H. W. Johnson, H. B. Fay, P. A. Sanabria, J. TI Initial response of evapotranspiration from tallgrass prairie vegetation to CO2 at subambient to elevated concentrations SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-3-C-4 grassland; leaf area index; lysimeter; soil type; temperature ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; C-3/C-4 GRASSLAND; WATER FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; PLANT; TRANSPIRATION; GRADIENT; VAPOR; SENSITIVITY AB Effects of CO2 enrichment on leaf transpiration are well-documented, but our understanding of how CO2 interacts with other variables to regulate evapotranspiration from plant communities is more limited. A series of weighing lysimeters in which tallgrass prairie species had been planted were exposed to a subambient to elevated gradient in CO2 in a field chamber. Lysimeters with intact monoliths of three soil types were represented along the CO2 gradient. We used regression analysis to determine how CO2 effects on evapotranspiration per unit of soil surface area (ETsoil) and per unit of leaf area (ETla) depended on variation in leaf area index (LAI) and diurnal changes in environmental variables during the initial 6 weeks of CO2 treatment. CO2 enrichment reduced ETsoil and ETla, and together with air temperature and LAI accounted for most of the variance in daily values of evapotranspiration explained by multiple regression models. The CO2 effect on ETsoil did not depend on values of other variables, but CO2 enrichment reduced ETla most at relatively low air temperatures and low LAI for all soils combined. Higher temperatures countered the CO2 effect by increasing ETla more at elevated than subambient CO2. Higher LAI countered the CO2 effect by decreasing ETla more at subambient than elevated concentrations. Plant (LAI) and environmental effects on ETla differed among soils, possibly because plant growth patterns and physiology differed among soils. Our results imply that the CO2 effect on evapotranspiration per unit of leaf area will vary with seasonal change in temperature and LAI, independent of seasonal shifts in leaf age and physiological activity. C1 [Polley, H. W.; Johnson, H. B.; Fay, P. A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Sanabria, J.] Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wayne.bolley@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01351.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 252JU UT WOS:000252443600021 ER PT J AU Li, RW Capuco, AV AF Li, Robert W. Capuco, Anthony V. TI Canonical pathways and networks regulated by estrogen in the bovine mammary gland SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE pathway; estrogen; bovine; gene ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; RESPONSIVE GENES; N-GLYCOSYLATION; TARGET GENES; FAT PAD; IDENTIFICATION; MICROARRAY; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Many attempts have been made to identify estrogen-responsive genes using high-throughput approaches such as microarray, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and in silico prediction. However, few studies have systematically analyzed regulatory networks and pathways affected by estrogen. In this report, we analyzed transcript profiles obtained from 16 prepubertal heifers in a 2x2 factorial experiment, with ovarian status (intact or ovariectomized) as the First factor and estrogen treatment as the second (control or estradiol). After 54 h of estrogen treatment, gene expression was evaluated in the parenchyma and fat pad of the bovine mammary gland using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. The genes significantly regulated by estrogen were subject to pathway and regulatory network analysis using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. Approximately 2,344 genes responded significantly to estrogen treatment. Of these, 1016 genes were influenced by estrogen regardless of tissue or ovarian status, while the remaining genes were significant in one of four specific effects of tissue or ovarian status. The canonical pathways significantly regulated by estrogen (P<0.05) included protein ubiquitination, G2/M cell cycle control, IGF1 signaling, N-glycan biosynthesis, sterol biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation. A total of 23 regulatory networks were identified as estrogen responsive. The results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms through which estrogen regulates bovine mammary gland growth and development, supporting the concept that interaction between tissues within the mammary gland promotes mammary epithelial growth. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Capuco, Anthony V.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10142-007-0055-6 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 254LJ UT WOS:000252587800005 PM 17668254 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, J. B. TI Macrotyloma axillare and M-uniflorum: descriptor analysis, anthocyanin indexes, and potential uses SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE characterization; genetic Resources; horsegram; Macrotyloma axillare; M. uniflorum; perennial horsegram ID ANTIOXIDANT AB The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify potential new uses for perennial horsegram (Macrotyloma axillare) and horsegram (M. uniflorum) germplasm in the USDA, ARS collection. Seven morphological and yield parameters were studied in 11 M. axillare and 32 M. uniflorum accessions. A wide variation was found in stem branching, foliage, plant height, seed number, and seed weight. Leaf anthocyanin indexes were significantly higher than control flowers from PI 345729. Phytochemical traits exist in both species for potential use as nutraceuticals, forage, and food for humans. C1 [Morris, J. B.] USDA, ARS, Plant Gent Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30233 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Gent Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30233 USA. EM Brad.Morris@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s10722-007-9298-2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 250JO UT WOS:000252296200002 ER PT J AU Yonemori, K Honsho, C Kitajima, A Aradhya, M Giordani, E Bellini, E Parfitt, DE AF Yonemori, Keizo Honsho, Chitose Kitajima, Akira Aradhya, Malli Giordani, Edgardo Bellini, Elvio Parfitt, Dan E. TI Relationship of European persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars to Asian cultivars, characterized using AFLPs SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AFLP; cluster analysis; dendrogram; Diospyros kaki; molecular markers AB Sixty one persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) selections, including 17 Italian, 11 Spanish, 13 Japanese, six Korean, five Chinese, one Israeli, and eight of unknown origin, were evaluated for genetic differences by AFLP analysis. Relationships among cultivars were evaluated by UPGMA clustering, Neighbor Joining, and MultiDimensional Scaling. While similarities among groups were generally less than 0.60, both UPGMA and Neighbor Joining separated European and Asian cultivars. Spanish and Italian cultivars were not separated by any of the analyses, suggesting that they share a common gene pool, while Japanese, Chinese and Korean cultivars formed distinct clusters. Diversity within groups was greater than diversity between groups. Most cultivars were quite polymorphic (only 0.60-0.80 similarity between cultivars). In addition, the presence of several Japanese cultivars in the European group and a group of European cultivars nested between Chinese and Korean groups suggest that similar, but different progenitors were used in the development of the present European cultivars. 'Kaki Tipo' selections from different sources were clearly different by AFLP analysis, indicating that they are separate cultivars. C1 [Yonemori, Keizo; Honsho, Chitose; Kitajima, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Aradhya, Malli] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Reposit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Giordani, Edgardo; Bellini, Elvio] Univ Florence, Dept Hort, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Parfitt, Dan E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Yonemori, K (reprint author), Miyazaki Univ, Fac Agr, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. EM keizo@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI GIORDANI, EDGARDO/0000-0003-4253-5030; Honsho, Chitose/0000-0002-8959-5519 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10722-007-9216-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 250JO UT WOS:000252296200010 ER PT J AU Kirigwi, FM Zwonitzer, JC Mian, MAR Wang, ZY Saha, MC AF Kirigwi, Francis M. Zwonitzer, John C. Mian, M. A. Rouf Wang, Zeng-Yu Saha, Malay C. TI Microsatellite markers and genetic diversity assessment in Lolium temulentum SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Festuca spp; genetic diversity; Lolium temulentum; microsatellite markers ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; FESCUE FESTUCA-PRATENSIS; EST-SSR MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; MULTIFLORUM; RESISTANCE; SENESCENCE; RYEGRASS; GRASSES AB Lolium and Festuca are two important genera of cool-season forage and turf grasses worldwide. Lolium temulentum L. (darnel ryegrass) has been proposed as a model species for genomics studies of cool-season forage and turf grasses. A study with 41 darnel ryegrass, three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), two tetraploid fescue (F. glaucescens), and two meadow fescue (F. pratensis) genotypes was initiated to (i) identify a set of microsatellite (simple sequence repeats) markers useful for L. temulentum L., and (ii) to utilize such markers for assessing the genetic variability of L. temulentum accessions collected from different geographical regions of the world. A total of 40 tall fescue (TF) EST-SSRs and 60 Festuca-Lolium (F x L) genomic SSRs were screened on a subset of eight genotypes. The selected 30 tall fescue EST-SSRs and 32 F x L genomic SSRs were used for further analysis of genotypes. The TF-EST- and the F x L genomic-SSRs identified 10.3 and 9.3 alleles per marker, respectively with an average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.66. The phenogram based on 319 EST-SSR and 296 genomic SSR fragments, grouped L. temulentum accessions into three major clusters except for accession ABY-BA 8892.78. Lolium temulentum accession ABY-BA 8892.78 did not cluster with any other accession. The Festuca clusters were distantly related with darnel ryegrass clusters with a similarity coefficient of 0.26. The selected set of tall fescue EST- and F x L genomic SSRs were useful in assessing L. temulentum genetic diversity and could benefit the genetic improvement of members of the Festuca-Lolium complex. C1 [Kirigwi, Francis M.; Zwonitzer, John C.; Mian, M. A. Rouf; Wang, Zeng-Yu; Saha, Malay C.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Zwonitzer, John C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Saha, MC (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM mcsaha@noble.org NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10722-007-9218-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 250JO UT WOS:000252296200012 ER PT J AU Meagher, TR Costich, DE AF Meagher, Thomas R. Costich, Denise E. TI 'Junk' DNA and phenotypic evolution in Silene section Siphonomorpha SO GENETICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; FLOWERING PLANTS; REPETITIVE DNA; GENOME SIZE; LATIFOLIA; CARYOPHYLLACEAE; POPULATIONS; EUKARYOTES; DYNAMICS AB One of the long-standing mysteries in genomic evolution is the observation that much of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA, resulting in inter- and intraspecific variation in nuclear DNA content. Our discovery of a negative correlation between nuclear DNA content and flower size in Silene latifolia has been supported by our subsequent investigation of changes in DNA content as a correlated response to selection on flower size. Moreover, we have observed a similar trend across a range of related dioecious species in Silene sect. Elisanthe. Given the presence of sex chromosomes in dioecious Silene species, and the tendency of sex chromosomes to accumulate repetitive DNA, it seems plausible that dioecious species undergo genomic evolution in ways that differ from what one might expect in hermaphroditic species. Specifically, we query whether the observed relationship between nuclear DNA content and flower size observed in dioecious Silene is a peculiarity of sex chromosome evolution. In the present study we investigated nuclear DNA content and flower size variation in hermaphroditic species of Silene sect. Siphonomorpha, as close relatives of the dioecious species studied previously. Although the nuclear DNA contents of these species were lower than those for species in sect. Elisanthe, there was still significant intra- as well as interspecific variation in nuclear DNA content. Flower size variation was found among species of sect. Siphonomorpha for petal claw and petal limb lengths, but not for calyx diameter. This last trait varies extensively in sect. Elisanthe, in part due to sex-specific selection. A negative correlation with nuclear DNA content was found across populations for petal limb length, but not for other floral dimensions. We conclude that impacts of nuclear DNA content on phenotypic evolution do manifest themselves in hermaphroditic species, so that the effects observed in sect. Elisanthe, and particularly in S. latifolia, while perhaps amplified by the genomic impacts of sex chromosomes, are not limited to dioecious taxa. C1 [Meagher, Thomas R.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Ctr Evolut Genes & Genom, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. [Costich, Denise E.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Meagher, TR (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Ctr Evolut Genes & Genom, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. EM trm3@st-and.ac.uk NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1017/S001667230700897X PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 278TD UT WOS:000254308300012 PM 18289405 ER PT J AU Miller, DJ Burnett, KM AF Miller, Daniel J. Burnett, Kelly M. TI A probabilistic model of debris-flow delivery to stream channels, demonstrated for the Coast Range of Oregon, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE debris flow; landslide; disturbance; aquatic habitat; risk assessment ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; HEADWATER CHANNELS; MOUNTAIN; DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT; EROSION; MORPHOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; NETWORKS; PATTERNS AB Debris flows are important geomorphic agents in mountainous terrains that shape channel environments and add a dynamic element to sediment supply and channel disturbance. Identification of channels susceptible to debris-flow inputs of sediment and organic debris, and quantification of the likelihood and magnitude of those inputs, are key tasks for characterizing spatial and temporal patterns found in channel conditions and associated habitats in a river network. Widely available digital elevation and land-cover data (10-m DEMs and 25-m satellite imagery) offer the potential to assess debris-flow runout paths over regional extents. This paper presents a model for using these data to calculate empirical probabilities for debris-flow runout over DEM-determined flow paths and shows how these probabilities can be combined over all sources to estimate the potential for debris-flow delivery to stream reaches throughout entire channel networks. The model is calibrated and model predictions are compared to field-mapped debris-flow travel paths from study sites in the Coast Range of Oregon, USA. This model predicts debris-flow probability over channel-reach scales that can be aggregated to basin-scale measures of debris-flow potential. It offers unprecedented ability to characterize debris-flow effects over channel networks, providing a tool for risk assessment and for generating hypotheses that relate topographic and forest-cover controls on debris-flow runout to the types and abundance of channel habitats in a river basin. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Daniel J.] Earth Syst Inst, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Burnett, Kelly M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), Earth Syst Inst, 3040 NW 57th St, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM danmiller@earthsystems.net NR 53 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.05.009 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 257WJ UT WOS:000252829200013 ER PT J AU Taylor, G Tallis, MJ Giardina, CP Percy, KE Miglietta, F Gupta, PS Gioli, B Calfapietra, C Gielen, B Kubiske, ME Scarascia-Mugnozza, GE Kets, K Long, SP Karnosky, DF AF Taylor, Gail Tallis, Matthew J. Giardina, Christian P. Percy, Kevin E. Miglietta, Franco Gupta, Pooja S. Gioli, Beniamino Calfapietra, Carlo Gielen, Birgit Kubiske, Mark E. Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E. Kets, Katre Long, Stephen P. Karnosky, David F. TI Future atmospheric CO2 leads to delayed autumnal senescence SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autumnal phenology; elevated CO2; FACE; LAI; Populus; senescence ID ELEVATED CO2; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POPLAR PLANTATION; DOWN-REGULATION; CANOPY CLOSURE; GLYCINE-MAX; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; POPULUS AB Growing seasons are getting longer, a phenomenon partially explained by increasing global temperatures. Recent reports suggest that a strong correlation exists between warming and advances in spring phenology but that a weaker correlation is evident between warming and autumnal events implying that other factors may be influencing the timing of autumnal phenology. Using freely rooted, field-grown Populus in two Free Air CO2 Enrichment Experiments (AspenFACE and PopFACE), we present evidence from two continents and over 2 years that increasing atmospheric CO2 acts directly to delay autumnal leaf coloration and leaf fall. In an atmosphere enriched in CO2 (by similar to 45% of the current atmospheric concentration to 550 ppm) the end of season decline in canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) - a commonly used global index for vegetation greenness - was significantly delayed, indicating a greener autumnal canopy, relative to that in ambient CO2. This was supported by a significant delay in the decline of autumnal canopy leaf area index in elevated as compared with ambient CO2, and a significantly smaller decline in end of season leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf level photosynthetic activity and carbon uptake in elevated CO2 during the senescence period was also enhanced compared with ambient CO2. The findings reveal a direct effect of rising atmospheric CO2, independent of temperature in delaying autumnal senescence for Populus, an important deciduous forest tree with implications for forest productivity and adaptation to a future high CO2 world. C1 [Taylor, Gail; Tallis, Matthew J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Southampton S016 7PX, Hants, England. [Giardina, Christian P.] USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Serv, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Percy, Kevin E.] Canadian Forest Serv Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Miglietta, Franco] CNR, Inst Biometeorol, I-50145 Florence, Italy. [Gupta, Pooja S.; Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Calfapietra, Carlo; Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E.] Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Calfapietra, Carlo; Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E.] CNR, Inst Agro Environm & Forestry Biol, I-00016 Rome, Italy. [Gielen, Birgit] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Kubiske, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Kets, Katre] Univ Tartu, Inst Bot & Ecol, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Long, Stephen P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Edward R Madigan Lab, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Southampton S016 7PX, Hants, England. EM G.Taylor@soton.ac.uk RI Miglietta, Franco/B-6137-2008; Gioli, Beniamino/A-1251-2009; Miglietta, Franco/A-1257-2009; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Calfapietra, Carlo/E-2269-2015 OI Gioli, Beniamino/0000-0001-7631-2623; Miglietta, Franco/0000-0003-1474-8143; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; NR 60 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01473.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264TN UT WOS:000253313400006 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Conley, MM Wang, S Lin, X Luo, C Morgan, J Smith, D AF Kimball, Bruce A. Conley, Matthew M. Wang, Shiping Lin, Xingwu Luo, Caiyun Morgan, Jack Smith, David TI Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy temperature; climate change; ecosystems; GIS; global change; global warming; infrared heater; rangeland; thermal radiation; wind speed ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; ELEVATED CO2; TEMPERATURE; MICROCLIMATE; PERFORMANCE; GRASSLAND; PRAIRIE AB There is a need for methodology to warm open-field plots in order to study the likely effects of global warming on ecosystems in the future. Herein, we describe the development of arrays of more powerful and efficient infrared heaters with ceramic heating elements. By tilting the heaters at 45 degrees from horizontal and combining six of them in a hexagonal array, good uniformity of warming was achieved across 3-m-diameter plots. Moreover, there do not appear to be obstacles (other than financial) to scaling to larger plots. The efficiency [eta(h) (%); thermal radiation out per electrical energy in] of these heaters was higher than that of the heaters used in most previous infrared heater experiments and can be described by: eta(h) = 10 + 25exp(-0.17 u), where u is wind speed at 2 m height (m s(-1)). Graphs are presented to estimate operating costs from degrees of warming, two types of plant canopy, and site windiness. Four such arrays were deployed over plots of grass at Haibei, Qinghai, China and another at Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA, along with corresponding reference plots with dummy heaters. Proportional integral derivative systems with infrared thermometers to sense canopy temperatures of the heated and reference plots were used to control the heater outputs. Over month-long periods at both sites, about 75% of canopy temperature observations were within 0.5 degrees C of the set-point temperature differences between heated and reference plots. Electrical power consumption per 3-m-diameter plot averaged 58 and 80 kW h day(-1) for Haibei and Cheyenne, respectively. However, the desired temperature differences were set lower at Haibei (1.2 degrees C daytime, 1.7 degrees C night) than Cheyenne (1.5 degrees C daytime, 3.0 degrees C night), and Cheyenne is a windier site. Thus, we conclude that these hexagonal arrays of ceramic infrared heaters can be a successful temperature free-air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system for warming ecosystem field plots. C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.; Conley, Matthew M.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Wang, Shiping; Lin, Xingwu; Luo, Caiyun] Chinese Acad Sci, NW Inst Plateau Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. [Morgan, Jack; Smith, David] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Bruce.Kimball@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 118 Z9 130 U1 11 U2 82 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01486.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264TN UT WOS:000253313400010 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Pope, KL Stead, JE Koo, MS Welsh, HH AF Fellers, Gary M. Pope, Karen L. Stead, Jonathan E. Koo, Michelle S. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI TURNING POPULATION TREND MONITORING INTO ACTIVE CONSERVATION: CAN WE SAVE THE CASCADES FROG (RANA CASCADAE) IN THE LASSEN REGION OF CALIFORNIA? SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Cascades Frog; conservation; declining amphibian; Lassen; population status; Rana cascadae ID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; SIERRA-NEVADA; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; PROTECTED AREAS; NONNATIVE FISH; CHYTRID FUNGUS; B RADIATION AB Monitoring the distribution, population size, and trends of declining species is necessary to evaluate their vulnerability to extinction. It is the responsibility of scientists to alert management professionals of the need for preemptive action if a species approaches imminent, regional extirpation. This is the case with Rana cascadae (Cascades Frog) populations near Lassen Peak. From 1993 to 2007, we conducted 1,873 amphibian surveys at 856 sites within Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lassen National Forest, California, USA. These surveys encompassed all R. cascadae habitats: ponds, lakes, meadows, and streams on those lands. We found frogs at only six sites during 14 years of surveys, and obtained one report of a single frog at one additional locality. These sites represented < 1% of the historically suitable habitat within the Lassen region. The number of R. cascadae in the Lassen area has declined since 1991, and one population is now extirpated. We found no evidence of reproduction in most of the populations, and reproduction at all but one of the other sites remained lower than the annual reproductive output of one breeding pair for > 12 years. Causes for the decline remain unclear, but introduced trout, disease, and pesticides are likely factors. We recommend that (1) additional protection for R. cascadae within 50 km of Lassen Peak; (2) investigation of the genetics of R. cascadae in California; (3) research into the role of possible causative factors in these declines; and (4) implementation of a feasibility study to captive breed and reintroduce R. cascadae in the Lassen area. C1 [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Pope, Karen L.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Stead, Jonathan E.] Univ Calif Davis Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Koo, Michelle S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov FU California Academy of Sciences; California Department of Fish and Game; National Park Service; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many members of our field crews for their assistance with surveys. Joan Fellers, Melanie McFarland, Christopher Pearl, and Charles Drost reviewed the manuscript and provided many useful comments. Justin Garwood, Patrick Kleeman, and Michael Parker assisted with field work. We thank the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (University of California) and the California Academy of Sciences for making their records available. We also thank W. M. Beaty and Associates, Inc. and Bob Carey for alerting us to the presence of Cascades frogs on private land, and for providing access. Funding for this research was provided by the California Academy of Sciences, California Department of Fish and Game, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Surveys were conducted under collecting permits provided by the California Dept. Fish and Game (SC-00816) and the National Park Service (LAVO-1991-SCI-001). NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MU UT WOS:000207806900003 ER PT J AU Neven, LG AF Neven, Lisa G. TI Organic quarantine treatments for tree fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Malus; Prunis; apple; cherry; peach; nectarine; codling moth; oriental fruit moth; Western cherry fruit fly ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; GRANNY SMITH APPLES; SWEET CHERRIES; FORCED-AIR; COMBINATION HEAT; EFFICACY TESTS; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY; QUALITY AB Organic production of pome and stone fruits in the United States has greatly increased during the past few years. To compete and enter lucrative export markets, these fruit must meet stringent quarantine requirements. For some countries, these requirements dictate that the fruit crops must be treated with a synthetic chemical fumigant, which is not compliant with organic standards. Therefore, nonchemical quarantine treatments for organically produced pome and stone fruits have been developed using the Controlled Atmosphere/Temperature Treatment System (or CATTS) technology. This technology applies a short-term heat treatment under a low-O-2/high-CO2 environment, and is effective in controlling the most prominent quarantine insect pests while maintaining commodity quality. The technology has progressed beyond laboratory-scale research units to 1- to 2-ton commercial units. The development of these treatments and their effect on both insect mortality and commodity quality are discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900003 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Lester, G AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Lester, Gene TI Postharvest challenges for organically grown orchard fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE production system; grapefruit; antioxidant; National Organic Program ID QUALITY; PRODUCE; GUIDELINES; VEGETABLES; FARMERS; ENHANCE; FOODS AB Switching from conventional to organic production requires a philosophical shift and recognition of different production system inputs plus postharvest handling challenges. First, and most obvious, is the replacement of common and readily available manufactured chemical inputs with approved "natural" or "nature-made compounds" (i.e., organic) for organic production. Many of these organic inputs may require new knowledge for successful implementation or may be less effective than conventional counterparts. Good orchard practices (e.g., cleanliness, bookkeeping) must be followed in an organic system just as they are in a conventional system. In addition, if processing (cider, sauces, or frozen fruit-sectioning preparations) is going to be part of the harvested operation, approved organic products will have to be used, and strict guidelines followed and documented. Organic versus conventional production system inputs can affect changes in the phytochemical and nutrient content of foods, and even change ripening patterns, which can affect harvest operations, marketing qualities, and consumer acceptance. C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Lester, Gene] USDA ARS, SARC, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, 911 Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900005 ER PT J AU Smith, BJ AF Smith, Barbara J. TI Epidemiology and pathology of strawherry anthracnose: A North American perspective SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Colletotrichum acutatum; C.fragariae; C. gloeosporioides; Fragaria xananassa; disease control; fungicides ID SYMPTOMLESS STRAWBERRY LEAVES; COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; CROWN ROT; INFECTING STRAWBERRY; SPLASH DISPERSAL; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; FRAGARIAE; TEMPERATURE; SPORULATION AB Three Colletotrichum species-Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds (teleomorph Glomerella acutata J.C. Guerber & J.C. Correll), Colletotrichum fragariae A.N. Brooks, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sace. in Penz. [teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk]-are major pathogens of strawberry (Fragaria xananassa). Strawberry anthracnose crown rot has been a destructive disease in commercial strawberry fields in the southeastern United States since the 1930s. The causal fungus, C. fragariae, may infect all aboveground plant parts; however, the disease is most severe when the fungus infects the crown, causing crown rot, wilt, and death. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was responsible for an epidemic of anthracnose crown rot in strawberry nurseries in Arkansas and North Carolina in the late 1970s. The anthracnose fruit rot pathogen, C. acutatum, was first reported in 1986 on strawberry in the United States. Since the 1980s, increased losses due to anthracnose fruit and crown rots in the United States may be related to changes in cultivars and to widespread use of annual plasticulture production rather than the matted-row production system. Anthracnose investigations in the United States have concentrated on its epidemiology and differences among the three causal Colletotrichum spp. in their cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics; their infection processes; and their pathogenicity. Results from these studies have resulted in a better understanding of the diseases and have led to better disease control. Strawberries grown in soils with high nitrogen levels are more susceptible to anthracuose than are those grown in soils with lower nitrogen levels or those amended with calcium nitrate. Anthracnose is spread more rapidly in fields that have overhead irrigation and plastic mulch than in fields where drip irrigation and straw mulch are used. Fungicide efficacy has been determined in in-vitro, greenhouse, and field studies, and pathogen resistance to some fungicides has been detected. Anthracnose-resistant cultivars are a major objective of most strawberry breeding programs in the southern United States. C1 USDA, ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Small Fruit Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Small Fruit Res Unit, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Barbara.Smith@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900011 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, PM Blankenship, S AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope M. Blankenship, Sylvia TI Controlling ethylene's action: Impact of 1-methylcyclopropane on agriculture: Introduction to the colloquium SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope M.] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Blankenship, Sylvia] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort, Raleigh, NC 27685 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900014 ER PT J AU Mattheis, JP AF Mattheis, James P. TI How 1-methylcyclopropene has altered the Washington state apple industry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE controlled atmosphere storage; decay; fruit quality; internal breakdown; lenticel breakdown; superficial scald; SmartFresh; watercore ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD; 1-MCP; RESPONSES; STORAGE AB Commercialization of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has provided a new tool to storage operators for management of fruit quality in the postharvest environment. For apple as an example, availability of the commercial 1-MCP product SmartFresh has brought an additional dimension to decisions regarding postharvest chemical treatments, storage temperature regimes, storage atmospheres, and planned storage duration based on fruit maturity at harvest. Poststorage impacts of 1-MCP use at harvest on handling and packing procedures have also become apparent with commercial use. Marketing programs have also been impacted because the "tails of the manifest" (large/small sizes, lower color grades) can be held longer in cold storage after packing primarily as a result of slower loss of firmness in many cultivars. Although some quality issues, primarily related to physiological disorders occurring on specific cultivars, are yet to be fully resolved, continuing widespread use of 1-MCP is indicative of its commercial usefulness. C1 USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900018 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD Liu, HY Turini, TA AF McCreight, James D. Liu, Hsing-Yeh Turini, Thomas A. TI Genetic resistance to Cucurbit leaf crumple virus in melon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Bemisia tabaci biotype B; cantaloupe; muskmelon; disease; begomovirus; geminivirus; Cucurbit leaf curl virus; inheritance ID MUSKMELON LINE MR-1; CURL-VIRUS; BEMISIA-TABACI; CUCUMIS-MELO; MILDEW; CALIFORNIA; ARIZONA; DISORDER; LETTUCE; RACE-2 AB Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) is a geminivirus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (SPW-B) and common in melons (Cucumis melo L.) planted from July through September in the desert southwestern United States. Symptoms include chlorotic leaf spots, leaf curling and crumpling, and interveinal yellowing, and plants may be stunted. Melon breeding line MR-1, and six plant introductions (Pls; PI 124111, PI 124112, PI 179901, PI 234607, PI 313970, and PI 414723) exhibited partial resistance to CuLCrV in naturally infected field tests and controlled inoculation greenhouse tests. PI 236355 was completely resistant in two greenhouse tests. Partially resistant plants exhibited chlorotic spots, or mild expression of other typical CuLCrV symptoms; all such plants were positive for presence of virus using polymerase chain reaction analysis with a CuLCrV-specific primer pair from the BC1 region. Genetic resistance to CuLCrV in melon was recessive. Field and greenhouse data from F-1, F-2, and backcrosses of the F-1 to 'Top Mark' and PI 313970 demonstrated a single, recessive gene for resistance to CuLCrV. Progenies from crosses of four partially resistant cultigens with 'Top Mark' were susceptible. Resistance in PI 313970 appeared to be allelic, with resistance in the other six cultigens based on F, data. The name cucurbit leaf crumple virus and symbol culcrv are proposed for this gene. C1 [McCreight, James D.; Liu, Hsing-Yeh] USDA, ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Turini, Thomas A.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM james.mccreight@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900024 ER PT J AU Gaikwad, AB Behera, TK Singh, AK Chandel, D Karihaloo, JL Staub, JE AF Gaikwad, Ambika B. Behera, Tusar Kanti Singh, Anand K. Chandel, Devanshi Karihaloo, Jawahir L. Staub, Jack E. TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis provides strategies for improvement of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE bitter melon; molecular markers; breeding strategy; diversity ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L.; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AFLP MARKERS; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; RAPD; CUCURBITACEAE; MELON; RFLPS AB Monoecious bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. minima and maxima Williams & Ng), a cucurbit of major economic importance, is widely cultivated in India, China, Africa, and South America. Although the morphology (i.e., growth habit and fruit shape, size, color, and surface texture) of Indian bitter gourd is diverse and gynoecious sex forms exist, a comprehensive diversity assessment of ecotypes has not been performed. Therefore, the genetic relatedness of 38 Indian cultigens (commercial varieties and cultivated landraces originating from different agroecological zones) was determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Six primer combinations yielded a total of 519 bands of which 404 (77.8%) were polymorphic among the cultigens examined. Unweighted pair group cluster analyses were performed using Jaccard's genetic similarities to define genetic relationships among cultigens. Genetic similarities among cultigens ranged between 0.44 and 0.88, indicating that the bitter gourd cultigens examined were genetically diverse. Moreover, putative AFLP loci defined genetic relationships that allowed for partitioning of cultigens into two distinct groups [Group 1 find Group 11 (node 1); bootstrap = 100%] after cluster analysis. With rare exception, cultigens were grouped with respect to geographical region, in which cultigens within a group and subgroups possessed high degrees of genetic similarity. The relatively high marker indices (6.2 to 19.4), polymorphic information content of the markers used (0.20 to 0.25), and multiplex ratios (28.9 to 77.4) collectively indicate that the AFLP markers used are discriminatory in bitter gourd and that the analysis of the broad-based cultigens described provides valuable baseline information for advancing initial breeding strategies for this crop species. C1 [Behera, Tusar Kanti; Singh, Anand K.; Chandel, Devanshi] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. [Gaikwad, Ambika B.] Natl Bur Plant Genet Resources, Natl Res Ctr DNA Fingerprinting, New Delhi 110012, India. [Karihaloo, Jawahir L.] Asia Pacific Consortium Agr Biotechnol, New Delhi 110012, India. [Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Behera, TK (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India. EM behera@wisc.edu NR 54 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900025 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Levi, A Kousik, CS AF Harrison, Howard F., Jr. Levi, Amnon Kousik, C. S. TI A survey of watermelon germplasm for inhibitory seed exudates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE allelopathy; Citrullus lanatus v. lanatus; C. lanatus v. citroides; C. colocynthis; Phythophthora capsici; Panicum miliaceum ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; ALLELOPATHIC SUBSTANCE; ACCESSIONS; CAPSICI; CROPS AB Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus v. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] seed exudates are inhibitory to germination and seedling growth of other plant species. A miniature bioassay experiment that measured proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) radicle growth was used to assess the inhibition caused by seed exudates of 125 genotypes of watermelon and related Citrullus species. Exudates of most genotypes were not inhibitory; however, exudates of 53 accessions reduced radicle growth in comparison with the control. In subsequent proso millet radicle growth experiments, genotypes were found to vary in inhibitory potential, and concentration response curves generated using filtered, pasteurized exudates were different among genotypes. Filter-sterilized seed exudates of Citrullus accessions also varied in the level of inhibition in a bioassay that measured their effect on sporangia formation by the watermelon pathogen, Phytophthora capsici. These observations suggest that consiituents in Citrullus seed exudates affect organisms in the spermosphere and that the inhibitory potential of seed exudates varies among genotypes. Differences in concentration response curves in the millet bioassay and differences in the relative inhibition of genotypes in the millet and fungus bioassays indicate that the inhibitory constituents in seed exudates vary among genotypes. C1 [Harrison, Howard F., Jr.; Levi, Amnon; Kousik, C. S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM howard.hariison@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 138 EP 142 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900027 ER PT J AU Taber, H Perkins-Veazie, P Li, S White, W Roderniel, S Xu, Y AF Taber, Henry Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Li, Shanshan White, Wendy Roderniel, Steven Xu, Yang TI Enhancement of tomato fruit lycopene by potassium is cultivar dependent SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE carotenoids; maturity; nutrient; crimson gene ID PROCESSING TOMATO; PROSTATE-CANCER; YIELD; NUTRITION; QUALITY; GROWTH; COLOR; SOIL AB The purpose of this experiment was to determine the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars with fruit of average and high lycopene to increased K fertilization. The field experiment was designed as a factorial, split-plot, randomized complete block with four replications. The main plot consisted of K rates ranging from 0 to 372 kg.ha(-1) K as KCI, and the subplot was cultivar ('Mountain Spring' or the high-lycopene Florida hybrid, 'Fla. 8153'). The soil type was a well-drained, central Iowa loam with a soil test level considered low. The soil K application effect on total marketable fruit yield was linear (P < 0.001, Y = 53 Mg-ha(-1) + 0.084x, r(2) = 0.51) with both cultivars responding similarly. Fruit K analysis indicated a linear response to fertilization across four harvest dates, from 1236 to 1991 mg.kg(-1), fresh weight basis. Harvest date had no effect on fruit lycopene concentration, but there was a significant (P = 0.006) interaction of K fertilization rate and cultivar. Overall, 'Fla. 8153' contained 9.5 mg.kg(-1) more lycopene in fruit tissue than 'Mountain Spring'. 'Mountain Spring' lycopene concentration was not enhanced by higher K fertilization (44.2 mg.kg(-1)). 'Fla. 8153' lycopene concentration increased 21.7% at the highest K rate compared with lower rates (62.9 vs. 51.7 mg.kg(-1), respectively). A controlled greenhouse study in the fall of 2005 with the same cultivars indicated similar results. Fruit K concentration for 'Fla. 8153' was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated to the fruit carotenoids, phytoene and phytofluene, indicating a possible role for K in one of the enzymes that synthesize phytoene. In the field and greenhouse studies, increasing fruit K concentration in the high-lycopene 'Fla. 8153' depressed fruit beta-carotene by 53%. These results indicate that K fertilization can affect carotenoid biosynthesis, and the response of tomato to a high K rate is genotype dependent. C1 [Taber, Henry] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Li, Shanshan; White, Wendy] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Roderniel, Steven; Xu, Yang] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Taber, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM taber@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900032 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Dickson, DW Fery, RL AF Thies, Judy A. Dickson, Don W. Fery, Richard L. TI Stability of resistance to root-knot nematodes in 'Charleston belle' and 'Carolina wonder' bell peppers in a sub-tropical environment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode resistance; methyl bromide alternatives ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; N-GENE; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; YIELD; JAVANICA AB Two root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper cultivars, 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum], and their susceptible parents, 'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B', were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall and spring tests at Citra, FL. In the fall test, 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' exhibited minimal root galling and nematode reproduction, and 'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B' exhibited severe root galling and high nematode reproduction. Fruit yield of 'Charleston Belle' was 97% greater than yields of the two susceptible cultivars (P <= 0.006). In the spring test, one-half of the plots were treated with methyl bromide/chloropicrin before planting the same four bell pepper cultivars. 'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B' grown in untreated control plots exhibited severe root galling and high nematode reproduction, but the other six cultivar x methyl bromide combinations exhibited minimal root galling and nematode reproduction. Although soil temperatures (10-cm depth) were greater than 30 degrees C on 78 days and 57 days during the Fall 2002 and Spring 2003 trials, respectively, resistance did not break in 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' in either test. These results demonstrate that root-knot nematode-resistant cultivars such as Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder are viable alternatives to methyl bromide for managing southern root-knot nematode in bell pepper in sub-tropical environments. C1 [Thies, Judy A.; Fery, Richard L.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Dickson, Don W.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM judy.thies@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 188 EP 190 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900038 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Collins, HP Vautghn, SF AF Boydston, Rick A. Collins, Harold P. Vautghn, Steven F. TI Response of weeds and ornamental plants to potting soil amended with dried distillers grains SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE containers; natural products; weed control ID CORN GLUTEN MEAL; PRODUCT AB This research evaluated the use of dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) as a soil amendment to suppress weeds in container-grown ornamentals. DDGS is a byproduct of ethanol produced from corn, and developing new uses for DDGS could increase the profitability of ethanol production. Adding DDGS to a commercial pine bark potting mix reduced emergence and growth of common chickweed (Stellaria media) at concentrations of 5% (by weight) or greater and annual bluegrass (Poa annua) at concentrations of 10% (by weight) or more. Herbicidal activity of DDGS was maintained in methanol-extracted DDGS. Rosa hybrid 'Red Sunblaze', Phlox paniculata 'Franz Schubert', and Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' transplanted into potting soil amended with 20% by weight DDGS were severely stunted and nearly all plants died. Plants survived when transplanted into potting soil containing 10% DDGS by weight, but growth was greatly stunted and flowering of rose and coreopsis was reduced. Addition of 20% DDGS decreased the C:N ratio from 90:1 to 24:1 for the potting mix and from 23:1 to 10:1 for a soil. The decrease in C:N ratio resulted in a twofold increase in microbial respiration at 3 d and 14 d of incubation for both the potting mix and soil. As a result of the phytotoxicity observed on ornamentals transplanted into DDGS-amended potting soil, subsequent studies evaluated surface-applied DDGS to suppress weeds. DDGS applied at 400 g-m(-2) or less to the soil surface at transplanting did not reduce emergence or growth of common chickweed or annual bluegrass. DDGS applied at 800 and 1600 g-m(-2) to the surface of transplanted ornamentals reduced number of annual bluegrass by 40% and 57% and common chickweed by 33% and 58%, respectively, without injury to transplanted ornamentals. DDGS may be useful for reducing weed emergence and growth in container-grown ornamentals applied to the soil surface at transplanting. C1 [Boydston, Rick A.; Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Vautghn, Steven F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.bodyston@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900039 ER PT J AU Ahn, YJ Chen, GQ AF Ahn, Yeh-Jin Chen, Grace Qianhong TI In vitro regeneration of castor (Ricinus Communis L.) using cotyledon explants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE adventitious shoot; castor; dark preconditioning; regeneration; oilseed; organogenesis; thidiazuron; tissue culture ID MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; PLANT-REGENERATION; SHOOT; ORGANOGENESIS; CULTURES; ALLERGY; GROWTH; SEEDS AB An efficient plant regeneration protocol using cotyledon explants was established for castor (Ricinus communis L.), an important oilseed crop. Mature seed-derived cotyledon explants produced adventitious shoots when placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ). The rate of shoot regeneration was maximal (approximate to 25 shoots per explant) when explants were cultured on shoot induction medium supplemented with 5 mu M TDZ and preincubated in the dark for the first 7 days before transferring to the day/night cycle (16/8 h). Only the proximal ends of cotyledon explants produced adventitious shoots, although green calli were observed in cotyledon veins. After 4 weeks in culture, explants with well-developed shoot buds were transferred to MS medium without plant growth regulators for the shoot elongation and development. At approximate to 4 months after culture initiation, shoots (2 cm in length) were transferred to root induction medium (MS medium supplemented with 5 mu M indole-3-butyric acid) where they developed roots in 4 to 6 weeks. Plantlets were transferred to soil and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Histological analysis showed the adventitious induction of the shoots originated from the cortical and epidermal cell layers of the cotyledon explants. C1 [Ahn, Yeh-Jin; Chen, Grace Qianhong] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM qhgc@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900045 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Reid, W AF Thompson, Tommy E. Grauke, L. J. Reid, William TI 'Lakota' pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Carya illinoinensis; cultivar; variety; breeding C1 [Thompson, Tommy E.; Grauke, L. J.] ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, USDA, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. [Reid, William] Kansas State Univ, Pecan Expt Field, Chetopa, KS 67336 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, USDA, 10200 FM50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. EM tetl@tamu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 250 EP 251 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900053 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Linderman, RG Yang, WQ AF Bryla, David R. Linderman, Robert G. Yang, Wei Q. TI Incidence of Phytophthora and Pythium infection and the relation to cultural conditions in commercial blueberry fields SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci DE Pytophthora cinnamomi; Pythium spp.; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium ashei; cultivar; plant vigor; root rot ID ROOT-ROT; CINNAMOMI; FREQUENCY; SOILS AB Fifty-five commercial blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fields were sampled in northwest Oregon in 2001 to determine the incidence of Phytophthora and Pythium root rot pathogens and identify cultural factors that increase the probability of developing infection. Phytophthora was detected in 24% and Pythium was detected in 85% of the fields sampled. The only species of Phytophthora identified in the study was P. cinnamomi. Root infection by P. cinnamomi was significantly related to cultivar with incidence observed more frequently than expected in 'Duke' and 'Bluecrop'. Both blueberry cultivars are two of the most popular grown in the region, representing 42% of the fields in this survey and approximate to 46% of the total area planted in Oregon. Two other cultivars found infected by P. cinnantomi were 'Rubel' and 'Briggitta Blue', together accounting for an additional 24% of the fields surveyed. Phytophthora was not detected in fields planted with 'Berkeley', 'Bluejay', 'Bluetta', 'Darrow', 'Earliblue', 'Elliott', and 'Powderblue', each of which represented only 2% to 7% of the fields surveyed. Pythium spp. were identified to genus only, but one or more species of Pythium was found in all I I cultivars included in the survey. Occurrence of either Phytophthora or Pythium was unrelated to soil type, planting age, or cultural practices such as bed type, cover crop, mulch, irrigation system, fertilizer application, fungicide use, or the source of plant material used in the fields. Overall, most fields with Phytophthora or Pythium remained largely symptomless under good soil drainage conditions and had similar levels of vigor as those without the pathogens. C1 [Bryla, David R.; Linderman, Robert G.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Yang, Wei Q.] Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 249EK UT WOS:000252209900057 ER PT J AU DiFrenna, VJ Price, RM Savabi, MR AF DiFrenna, Vincent J. Price, Rene M. Savabi, M. Reza TI Identification of a hydrodynamic threshold in karst rocks from the Biscayne Aquifer, south Florida, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE karst; hydraulic properties; porosity; Reynolds number; USA ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CARBONATE ROCKS; WASTE-WATER; SCALE; KEYS; FLOW; GROUNDWATER; RESOURCES; POROSITY; SYSTEMS AB A hydrodynamic threshold between Darcian and non-Darcian flow conditions was found to occur in cubes of Key Largo Limestone from Florida, USA (one cube measuring 0.2 m on each side, the other 0.3 m) at an effective porosity of 33% and a hydraulic conductivity of 10 m/day. Below these values, flow was laminar and could be described as Darcian. Above these values, hydraulic conductivity increased greatly and flow was non-laminar. Reynolds numbers (Re) for these experiments ranged from <0.1 to 7. Non-laminar flow conditions observed in the hydraulic conductivity tests were observed at Re close to 1. Hydraulic conductivity was measured on all three axes in a permeameter designed specifically for samples of these sizes. Positive identification of vertical and horizontal axes as well as 100% recovery for each sample was achieved. Total porosity was determined by a drying and weighing method, while effective porosity was determined by a submersion method. Bulk density, total porosity and effective porosity of the Key Largo Limestone cubes averaged 1.5 g/cm(3) stop, 40 and 30%, respectively. Two regions of anisotropy were observed, one close to the ground surface, where vertical flow dominated, and the other associated with a dense-laminar layer, below which horizontal flow dominated. C1 [Price, Rene M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci & SERC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [DiFrenna, Vincent J.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Savabi, M. Reza] USDA, ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Price, RM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci & SERC, Univ Pk,PC-344, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM pricer@fiu.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0219-4 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 259MM UT WOS:000252943400004 ER PT J AU Lang, MW Kasischke, ES AF Lang, Megan W. Kasischke, Eric S. TI Using C-band synthetic aperture radar data to monitor forested wetland hydrology in Maryland's coastal plain, USA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Surgace Properties CY JUN 20-22, 2006 CL Paris Observ, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Observ DE hydrology; radar applications; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); water resources ID SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE; REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; SOUTH FLORIDA WETLANDS; ERS-1 SAR; ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN; IMAGING RADARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVISAT ASAR; IMAGERY AB Hydrology (i.e., inundation and soil moisture) is the most important abiotic factor controlling wetland function and extent, and scientists predict that wetland hydrology can be significantly altered over relatively short timescales due to climate change and anthropogenic impact. Whereas broadscale hydrology is difficult to monitor in forested wetlands with ground-based and optical remote sensing methods, C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems have the potential to improve the capability to monitor forested wetland hydrology. In this study, we examined the use of Environmental Satellite Advanced SAR (C-HH and C-VV) data for monitoring levels of inundation and soil moisture throughout the year in a typical Mid-Atlantic floodplain and some of the main limitations inherent to C-band data (i.e., polarization and plant phenology) in this environment. The relationships between the backscatter coefficient or sigma(o) and inundation, soil moisture, tree basal area, tree height, and forest canopy closure were examined. Significant differences in C-HH sigma(o) were found between forested areas of varying hydrology (0%-60% area inundated) throughout the year and in C-VV sigma(o) during the leaf-off season. As expected, C-HH SAR backscatter was better correlated with inundation and soil moisture than was C-VV SAR backscatter, and the correlations between both polarizations of backscatter and hydrology were stronger during the leaf-off season (C-HH leaf-off r(2) = 0.50, leaf-on r(2) = 0.39; C-VV leaf-off r(2) = 0.21, leaf-on r(2) = 0.19. all significant at p < 0.0001 level). Based on our findings, we concluded that the C-HH data are useful for monitoring hydrology beneath forest canopies throughout the year, whereas the C-VV data can be used during the leaf-off season. Our findings support previous studies that concluded that C-band imagery can be used to monitor forested wetland hydrology in large floodplains that are fully inundated. However, this study used detailed in situ measurements and demonstrated that C-band SAR data can also be used to monitor forested wetland hydrology in smaller partially inundated floodplains, which are more common in the Mid-Atlantic. C1 [Lang, Megan W.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lang, MW (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Megan.Lang@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 535 EP 546 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909950 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254GW UT WOS:000252575400025 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Vaughn, SF AF Tisserat, Brent Vaughn, Steven F. TI Growth, morphogenesis, and essential oil production in Mentha spicata L. plantlets in vitro SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE carvone; mint; monoterpenes; morphology; secondary metabolism; shooting; rooting ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LEVELS; SECONDARY METABOLITES; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; TISSUE CULTURES AB To date, plantlet culture has not been explored as a means to obtain secondary metabolites in vitro. However, plantlets readily produce desirable secondary metabolites, which may not be produced in cell suspension or callus cultures. To optimize plantlet growth in vitro, the influences of various physical environments on the growth (fresh weight), morphogenesis (leaf, root, and shoot number), and volatile carbon metabolites (i.e. monoterpene, (-)-carvone) of Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) plants were studied. The carvone content in different portions of sterile plantlets was analyzed. Carvone was only produced from the foliar regions of cultured plantlets and was absent in the callus and roots. The influence of physical support (e.g., agar, glass gravel, liquid, platform or sponge), frequency of media replacement, and culture vessel capacity on spearmint plantlets growth and carvone production was tested. A comparative study was conducted testing the growth, morphogenesis, and secondary metabolism occurring with three different spearmint cultivars grown in either culture tubes containing 25 ml agar medium or in an automated plant culture system (APCS; a sterile hydroponics system) employing a 1-l medium reservoir. Increasing the number of media immersions (4, 8, 12 or 16 immersions d(-1)) of plantlets growing in the APCS increased growth and morphogenesis responses. Generally, higher culture growth rates resulted in lower carvone treatment(-1) (mg carvone g-FW-1); however, overall total carvone ((mg carvone g-FW-1) x g culture FW) increased because of the production of greater biomass obtained per vessel. C1 [Tisserat, Brent; Vaughn, Steven F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s11627-007-9077-y PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 258SA UT WOS:000252888600007 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Paustian, ML Waters, WR Stabel, JR Palmer, MV Li, LL Kapur, V AF Bannantine, John P. Paustian, Michael L. Waters, W. Ray Stabel, Judith R. Palmer, Mitchell V. Li, Lingling Kapur, Vivek TI Profiling bovine antibody responses to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection by using protein arrays SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; JOHNES-DISEASE; ANTIGEN DISCOVERY; EXPORTED PROTEIN; DIAGNOSIS; SHEEP; DEER; TUBERCULOSIS AB With the genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis determined, technologies are now being developed for construction of protein arrays to detect the presence of antibodies against H. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in host serum. The power of this approach is that it enables a direct comparison of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins to each other in relation to their immunostimulatory capabilities. In this study, 93 recombinant proteins, produced in Escherichia coli, were arrayed and spotted onto nitrocellulose. These proteins include unknown hypothetical proteins and cell surface proteins as well as proteins encoded by large sequence polymorphisms present uniquely in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Also included were previously reported or known M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens to serve as a frame of reference. Sera from healthy control cattle (n = 3) and cattle infected with either M. avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium bovis were exposed to the array to identify nonspecific or cross-reactive epitopes. These data demonstrated a degree of cross-reactivity with the M. avium subsp. avium proteins that was higher than the degree of cross-reactivity with the more distantly related M. bovis proteins. Finally, sera from naturally infected cattle (n = 3) as well as cattle experimentally infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 3) were used to probe the array to identify antigens in the context of Johne's disease. Three membrane proteins were the most strongly detected in all serum samples, and they included an invasion protein, an ABC peptide transport permease, and a putative GTPase protein. This powerful combination of genomic information, molecular tools, and immunological assays has enabled the identification of previously unknown antigens of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Paustian, Michael L.; Waters, W. Ray; Stabel, Judith R.; Palmer, Mitchell V.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Li, Lingling; Kapur, Vivek] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 76 IS 2 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1128/IAI.00915-07 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 259ZE UT WOS:000252978600032 PM 18039835 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Shoemaker, DD Wu, WJ Shih, CJ AF Yang, C. C. Shoemaker, D. DeWayne Wu, W. J. Shih, C. J. TI Population genetic structure of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in Taiwan SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Review DE Solenopsis invicta; control strategy; fire ants; invasive species; population structure ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; COLONY SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; ARGENTINE ANT; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; BUREN HYMENOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; WOLBACHIA INFECTIONS; VAIRIMORPHA-INVICTAE AB We generated and analyzed microsatellite genotypic data and mtDNA sequence data from the fire ant Solenopsis invicta collected from two separate infested areas (Taoyuan and Chiayi) in Taiwan to infer the population and colony structure of these recently established populations. These genetic analyses revealed the following patterns: 1) Relatedness among worker nestmates was significantly greater than zero for both social forms from both populations; 2) No significant isolation by distance was found among nests within each social form from either population; 3) Significant mtDNA but no nuclear differentiation occurs between sympatric social forms in Taoyuan; 4) Molecular signatures of genetic bottlenecks associated with recent introductions are evident in both populations; and 5) The two sampled populations, Taoyuan and Chiayi, are highly genetically differentiated at both the nuclear or mtDNA genomes and most likely derive from two separate introductions into Taiwan. While results from these analyses generally were consistent with predictions based on the known biology of these ants and similar studies of S. invicta in the U.S.A. and South America, some patterns likely reflect the recent introduction and human-mediated inadvertent transport of ants in Taiwan. This is the first study to investigate the population and colony structure of fire ants in Taiwan and results from our study represent an important contribution to the ongoing efforts aimed at eradicating this invasive pest in Taiwan. C1 [Yang, C. C.; Wu, W. J.; Shih, C. J.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Shoemaker, D. DeWayne] Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shih, CJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM d95632004@ntu.edu.tw; dewayne.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov; wuwj@ntu.edu.tw; shihcj@ntu.edu.tw NR 104 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s00040-007-0969-y PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 267RU UT WOS:000253527700008 ER PT J AU Schneider, SS DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AF Schneider, S. S. DeGrandi-Hoffman, G. TI Queen replacement in African and European honey bee colonies with and without afterswarms SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE vibration signal; queen replacement; afterswarm; swarming; social reproduction ID MELLIFERA-SCUTELLATA HYMENOPTERA; APIS-MELLIFERA; VIBRATION SIGNALS; DUELING QUEENS; CONFLICT; WORKERS; APIDAE; COMPETITION; SELECTION; NEPOTISM AB We examined the dynamics of the queen replacement process in African and European colonies that did and did not produce afterswarms. In colonies without afterswarms, the queen replacement process was completed in 24-48 hours, the first-emerging virgin queen (VQ) typically inherited the natal nest even if multiple queens emerged, workers performed few vibration signals on emerged queens, and all signaling activity was directed toward early emerging VQs. In contrast, if colonies did produce afterswarms, the queen replacement process required 5-6 days, there was no advantage for first-emerging queens, vibration rates on emerged queens were 25 times greater, and signaling activity was directed toward all VQs. Although vibration signal activity was more pronounced in colonies with afterswarms, the signal was consistently associated with increased VQ survival under all conditions. These trends were exhibited similarly in the African and European colonies, suggesting that they have broad applicability to queen-replacement decisions over a range of environmental and racial conditions. However, the African and European colonies differed in the total number of queens involved in the elimination process and the relative importance of queen duels and pre-emergence destruction under the different reproductive strategies. Taken together, our results suggest that worker behavior is a major determinant for the outcome of queen replacement, either through reduced interactions that allow first-emerged queens to rapidly eliminate rivals, or through increased use of interactions such as the vibration signal, which may allow workers to influence the ultimate fate of each emerged VQ. We discuss the possibility that these behavior patterns may reflect the roles of cooperation and conflict in shaping honey bee reproductive decisions. C1 [Schneider, S. S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [DeGrandi-Hoffman, G.] Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Schneider, SS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM sschnedr@uncc.edu; gd-hoffman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s00040-007-0973-2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 267RU UT WOS:000253527700011 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Hiott, LM Woodley, TA AF Jackson, Charlene R. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Barrett, John B. Hiott, Lari M. Woodley, Tiffanie A. TI First report of vatB and vgaB from Enterococcus gallinarum in the USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Letter ID QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN; STREPTOGRAMIN RESISTANCE; FAECIUM; IDENTIFICATION; ANIMALS C1 [Jackson, Charlene R.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.; Barrett, John B.; Hiott, Lari M.; Woodley, Tiffanie A.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM charlenejackson@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.020 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 263OC UT WOS:000253225400015 PM 18006282 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Molina-Corral, FJ Tomasula, PM Call, J Luchansky, J Gardea, AA AF Tunick, Michael H. Van Hekken, Diane L. Molina-Corral, F. Javier Tomasula, Peggy M. Call, Jeffrey Luchansky, John Gardea, Alfonso A. TI Queso Chihuahua: manufacturing procedures, composition, protein profiles, and microbiology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteolysis; Queso Chihuahua; raw milk ID CHEDDAR CHEESE; MEXICAN CHEESES; LISTERIA; MILK AB A survey of fresh commercial Queso Chihuahua made from raw or pasteurized cow's milk was undertaken to determine the impact of cheesemaking parameters on composition, protein breakdown and microbial counts. Despite variations in the manufacturing procedure, the composition and casein breakdown of the cheeses fell within a comparatively tight range. Pathogens were not detected in any of the cheeses, but total aerobic plate counts exceeded the recommended limit for this variety. Differences in Mexican Queso Chihuahua manufacturing procedures did not substantially alter the final product, the quality of which could be improved by reduction of bacteria present. C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Van Hekken, Diane L.; Tomasula, Peggy M.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Products Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Call, Jeffrey; Luchansky, John] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Molina-Corral, F. Javier; Gardea, Alfonso A.] Ctr Invest & Alimentac & Desarrolla, Cuauhtemoc 31570, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Products Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-727X J9 INT J DAIRY TECHNOL JI Int. J. Dairy Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00359.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 263YX UT WOS:000253253500009 ER PT J AU Abu-Ghoush, M Herald, TJ Dowell, F Xie, F Aramouni, FM Madl, R AF Abu-Ghoush, Mahmoud Herald, Thomas J. Dowell, Floyd Xie, Feng Aramouni, Fadi M. Madl, Ronald TI Effect of preservatives addition on the shelf-life extensions and quality of flat bread as determined by near-infrared spectroscopy and texture analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial agents; flat bread; shelf-life; near-infrared spectroscopy; texture analysis ID ARABIC BREAD; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOISTURE; STORAGE; DOUGH AB Many people do not have refrigeration or frozen storage to inhibit mould growth and keep the Arabic bread fresh for more than a few days. Therefore, shelf-life extension is necessary for this type of bread. The present study hypothesised that the addition of preservatives may be done in Arabic flat bread (AFB) to extend shelf-life. Thus, objectives of this study were to evaluate selected preservatives to inhibit mould growth and to employ physical techniques, to monitor bread aging. Three preservatives, fumaric acid (0.2%, F), sodium propionate (0.3%, P), and sodium propionate-fumaric acid mixture (PF) were used. Tensile tests, and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to monitor bread ageing. The addition of PF in the AFB formula significantly increased the time of tearing at 0 day. For all treatments, the NIRS results showed high R-2-values between the actual storage days and NIRS predictions. The NIRS and texture analysis are valuable tools to detect the effect of the preservatives on AFB shelf-life and quality. C1 [Abu-Ghoush, Mahmoud] Hashemite Univ, Zarqa 13133, Jordan. [Herald, Thomas J.; Aramouni, Fadi M.] Kansas State Univ, Inst Food Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dowell, Floyd; Xie, Feng] USDA ARS, Grain Qual Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Madl, Ronald] Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Abu-Ghoush, M (reprint author), Hashemite Univ, Zarqa 13133, Jordan. EM abulaith@hu.edu.jo NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01594.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 264TO UT WOS:000253313500025 ER PT J AU Abu-Ghoush, M Herald, TJ Dowell, F Xie, F Aramouni, FM Walker, C AF Abu-Ghoush, Mahmoud Herald, Thomas J. Dowell, Floyd Xie, Feng Aramouni, Fadi M. Walker, Chuck TI Effect of antimicrobial agents and dough conditioners on the shelf-life extension and quality of flat bread, as determined by near-infrared spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabic flat bread; near-infrared spectroscopy; shelf-life; staling; texture analysis ID ARABIC BREAD; MOISTURE; BAKING; STARCH AB Middle Eastern Countries are experiencing the emergence of high volume production and retail marketing over traditional unit baking and retailing. This phenomenon has revealed a shortcoming in quality issues in Arabic flat bread (AFB) manufacture. Therefore, shelf-life extension and quality improvement are in demand to limit economic loss. Five improvers and a control (without any improver) were selected for improving shelf-life and quality of AFB. The improver treatments included: (1) sodium 9 stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), (2) monoglycreides (MG), (3) hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose gum (HPMC), (4) high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and (5) a combination of all the aforementioned improvers. The texture analysis data indicated that the presence of HFCS may act as a plasticizer through contributing to the longer tearing time. The other treatments exhibited a significant decline in tearing time throughout storage. The NIRS data indicated that after 3 days, the control was less fresh than AFB formulated with HFCS or improver combinations. The sensory evaluation of AFB exhibited that the improver combination significantly improved the quality attributes. C1 [Abu-Ghoush, Mahmoud; Aramouni, Fadi M.] Hashemite Univ, Hashemite Kingdom Jordan, Zarqa 13133, Jordan. Kansas State Univ, Inst Food Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dowell, Floyd] USDA ARS, Grain Qual Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Walker, Chuck] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Abu-Ghoush, M (reprint author), Hashemite Univ, Hashemite Kingdom Jordan, POB 330156, Zarqa 13133, Jordan. EM abulaith@hu.edu.jo NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01625.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 264TO UT WOS:000253313500026 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Montes, B Monge, A Guidry, D AF Eggleston, G. Montes, B. Monge, A. Guidry, D. TI Optimization of alpha-amylase application in raw sugar manufacture Part 1: Characterization of commercial alpha-amylases SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylases; starch; sugarcane; temperature-stable amylases; amylase activity ID FACTORY TRIALS; BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS; DEXTRANASE AB In recent years there have been warnings by some U.S. refineries that there may be a penalty for high starch concentrations in raw sugar if starch control is not improved. Most commercial alpha-amylases used by the U.S. sugar industry to control starch have intermediate temperature stability (up to 85 degrees C with an optimum similar to 70 degrees C), and are produced from Bacillus subtilis. There is neither a uniform/standard method to measure the alpha-amylase activity in the sugar industry nor a regulatory body to issue or regulate standard activity methods and units for any commercial enzyme. A method incorporating PhadebUST (TM) blue starch tablets was modified to simulate conditions in typical last evaporators, i.e., pH 6.4 and 65.5 degrees C, where alpha-amylases are mostly currently applied. A wide range of activity existed for alpha-amylases (59.0 to 545.3 KNU/ml) that did not reflect their comparative unit costs, i.e., activity per U.S. dollar only differed 4-fold from 40.7 to 161.8 KNU/ml/$. Results from a survey on current Louisiana alpha-amylase applications show a wide variation in why, when, and how commercial alpha-amylases are applied, as well as how starch is measured. Concern about the use of engineered high temperature stability (up to 115 degrees C) alpha-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis and stearothermophilus, developed for much larger markets than the sugar industry, and possible carry-over activity into raw and refined sugars, molasses, and food products, are discussed. Part II of this study (Eggleston et al, 2007b) reports the optimization of alpha-amylase application at factories. C1 [Eggleston, G.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Montes, B.] Alma Plantat LLC, Lakeland, LA 70752 USA. [Monge, A.] Cora Texas Factory, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. [Guidry, D.] Leighton Factory, Thibodaux, LA 70302 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1310 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 263OJ UT WOS:000253226100016 ER PT J AU Stewart, H Blisard, N AF Stewart, Hayden Blisard, Noel TI Who pays more for food? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE consumer demand; demand analysis; food; food expenditures; nutrition and health; unit values; vegetable consumption ID DEMAND ANALYSIS; QUANTITY AGGREGATION; PRODUCT AGGREGATION; PRICE DISPERSION; CONSUMER DEMAND; QUALITY; SYSTEMS AB Building on research with unit values, we demonstrate how a household's per serving and total vegetable expenditures depend on both the characteristics of the household and on its location. The lower a household's income, for example, the lower is vegetable spending, all else constant. However, households living in communities with high real estate prices, or with a high incidence of poverty, among other things, tend to pay more. Simulations further illustrate the effect that a community's characteristics can have on a household's vegetable spending, if the household lives in each of 10 cities in the United States. C1 [Stewart, Hayden] USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Stewart, H (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St NW,Room N-2118, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM hstewart@ers.usda.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 150 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.2007.00139.x PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 249MU UT WOS:000252233500009 ER PT J AU Chung, S Champagne, ET AF Chung, S. Champagne, E. T. TI Using phenolic compounds to reduce the allergenic properties of peanut extracts and peanut butter slurries SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Chung, S.; Champagne, E. T.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 960 BP S249 EP S249 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.985 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401424 ER PT J AU Dyer, S Mack, L Cheng, H Maleki, SJ AF Dyer, S. Mack, L. Cheng, H. Maleki, S. J. TI Structural, chemical and immunogenic effects of roasting on Ara h 3, a major peanut allergen SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Dyer, S.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA USA. [Mack, L.; Cheng, H.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 703 BP S183 EP S183 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.678 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401167 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, T AF Freetly, H. C. Nienaber, J. A. Brown-Brandl, T. TI Partitioning of energy in pregnant beef cows during nutritionally induced body weight fluctuation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cow; energy; heat production ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; MATURE COWS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; GRAVID UTERUS; FATTY-ACIDS; NET FLUX; 9 BREEDS; HEIFERS; GROWTH AB The purpose of this study was to determine if the efficiency of energy retention in pregnant cows was dependent on the time during the pregnancy that feed was offered. Our hypothesis was that restricting feed intake during the second trimester of gestation and providing the saved feed during the third trimester was less energetically efficient than providing the feed during the second trimester. Twenty cows (4 breed composite: 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Red Poll, and 1/4 Pinzgauer) that had produced 1 calf before the study were fed a diet that consisted of (DM basis) 67.3% chopped corn silage, 27.0% alfalfa hay, 5.5% corn, and 0.2% NaCl. When the cows were 87 +/- 0.6 d pregnant, the first nutrient balance measurement was conducted. Six subsequent nutrient balance measurements were taken on d 122 +/- 0.6, 143 +/- 0.6, 171 +/- 0.6, 206 +/- 0.6, 241 +/- 0.6, and 262 +/- 0.6 of gestation. Each nutrient balance measurement consisted of a 96- h total collection of feces and urine and a 24-h indirect calorimetry measurement. Ten cows were fed for moderateBWgain during the entire pregnancy, and 10 cows were feed-restricted in the second trimester and realimented during the third trimester (low-high, L-H). The BW of the cows at parturition (559 +/- 14 kg) did not differ between treatments (P = 0.20). There was a general trend for the proportion of ME intake retained to decrease in moderate cows as pregnancy progressed. The proportion of ME intake retained in L-H cows decreased during the first 49 d of feed restriction, but the proportion of ME retained after 77 d of restriction was greater than that retained at 49 d of restriction. During realimentation, there were no time effects for efficiency of ME conversion to retained energy, but efficiency was greater for L-H cows than moderate cows (P < 0.001). The ability of the cow to adapt its energy metabolism during periods of moderate feed restriction and realimentation allows development of management strategies that alter the time interval of the production cycle during which supplemental feed is offered. Total savings in feed offered during the production year are minimal, but management strategies can be developed that shift which feed resources are being used. C1 [Freetly, H. C.; Nienaber, J. A.; Brown-Brandl, T.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Harvey.Freetly@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 2 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0250 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NU UT WOS:000253443800015 PM 17998430 ER PT J AU Weber, TE Kerr, BJ AF Weber, T. E. Kerr, B. J. TI Effect of sodium butyrate on growth performance and response to lipopolysaccharide in weanling pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE butyrate; growth performance; lipopolysaccharide; weanling pig ID HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; WEANED PIGS; FATTY-ACIDS; INSULIN; RATS AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth performance and response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in weanling pigs. In a 28-d experiment, 180 pigs (initial BW 6.3 kg) were fed 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% sodium butyrate, or 110 mg/kg of dietary tylosin. There was no effect of dietary sodium butyrate or tylosin on overall G: F, but there was a linear trend (P < 0.07) toward decreased ADFI and ADG as levels of sodium butyrate increased. In a second 28-d experiment, 108 pigs (initial BW 6.3 kg) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) no antibiotics, 2) 0.2% sodium butyrate, or 3) 55 mg/kg of carbadox. On d 14, a subset of pigs from the no-antibiotic and butyrate treatment groups was challenged with E. coli LPS or injected with sterile saline in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (+/- LPS challenge; +/- dietary butyrate; n = 6 pigs/treatment group). Four hours after LPS challenge, blood samples were obtained, and samples of LM, liver, and ileum were collected for gene expression analysis. Serum samples were analyzed for IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, cortisol, IGF-I, insulin, and metabolites. The relative abundance of tissue cytokine and IGF-I mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Feeding diets containing sodium butyrate or carbadox did not alter ADG or ADFI compared with pigs fed the control diet. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed diets containing 0.2% sodium butyrate had decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and tended (P < 0.06) to have decreased G: F compared with animals fed diets containing carbadox. Challenge with LPS increased (P < 0.05) serum cytokines and cortisol and decreased (P < 0.05) serum glucose and triglycerides. Injection with LPS increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of hepatic IL-6 and TNF alpha mRNA, increased (P < 0.05) LM TNF alpha mRNA content, and decreased (P < 0.05) IGF-I mRNA in LM. For serum cortisol, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between dietary butyrate and LPS. The increase in serum cortisol attributable to LPS was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed butyrate than in pigs fed the control diet. There tended (P < 0.10) to be an interaction between LPS and diet and for butyrate to increase the relative abundance of IL-6 mRNA in LM. Carbadox did not alter cytokine or IGF-I mRNA or serum metabolites, but did decrease (P < 0.05) serum TNF alpha. These data indicate that dietary sodium butyrate does not enhance growth performance, but may regulate the response to inflammatory stimuli in weanling pigs. C1 [Weber, T. E.; Kerr, B. J.] Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Weber, TE (reprint author), Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.weber@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 2 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0499 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NU UT WOS:000253443800023 PM 17998428 ER PT J AU Harris, HL Cupp, AS Roberts, AJ Funston, RN AF Harris, H. L. Cupp, A. S. Roberts, A. J. Funston, R. N. TI Utilization of soybeans or corn milling by-products in beef heifer development diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fertility; heifer development; protein supplement ID SIRE BREED; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; FAT; DIGESTION; HORMONE; PUBERTY; STEERS; COWS AB Whole raw soybeans (SB), wet corn gluten feed (WCGF), and corn dried distillers grains (DDG) are sources of protein in heifer development rations. The objectives of this study were to compare puberty status before synchronization of estrus, response to synchronization, and AI and final pregnancy rates in heifers developed on diets containing SB, WCGF, or DDG that were formulated to be similar in energy and CP. These ingredients vary substantially in fat content, which may affect reproductive performance. Rate of gain during the feeding period and post-AI performance were also compared. In a preliminary experiment, 104 crossbred heifers were fed diets containing either 1.25 kg of SB/d or 2.0 kg of WCGF/d for 110 d (DM basis), beginning at 10 mo of age. In Exp. 1, 100 crossbred heifers received either 1.25 kg of SB/d or 2.5 kg of WCGF/d from approximately 7 to 10 mo of age (91 d; 4 pens/diet), and then were fed 1.25 kg of SB/d for an additional 114 d (4 pens/diet). In Exp. 2, 1.25 kg of SB/d or 1.25 kg of DDG/d was fed to 100 crossbred heifers for 226 d, beginning at 6 mo of age (4 pens/diet). At approximately 13 mo of age, heifers were fed melengestrol acetate (0.5 mg/d) for 14 d, followed by an i.m. injection of PGF(2 alpha) (25 mg) 19 d later to synchronize estrus. Heifers (14 mo of age) received AI for 5 d after PGF2a, at which time the dietary treatments were ended. Heifers were commingled while grazing on native pasture and were exposed to bulls for approximately 60 d beginning 10 d after the last day of AI. Pregnancy to AI was determined by ultrasound 45 d after the last day of AI. Heifers fed SB in the preliminary experiment had a lower (P < 0.05) synchronization rate (81 vs. 96%) and longer interval (P = 0.05) from PGF(2 alpha) to estrus (76.6 vs. 69.2 h) compared with heifers fed WCGF. In Exp. 1, the age at which the heifers were begun on SB diets did not alter (P > 0.10) the synchronization rate (79%) or timing of estrus after PGF(2 alpha) (77.8 h). In Exp. 2, the synchronization rate (86%) and timing of estrus after PGF(2 alpha) (69.3 h) did not differ (P > 0.10) because of diet. No differences (P > 0.10) were due to diet for AI conception rates (overall mean for each experiment: 76.5, 60, and 68.5%), percentage of all heifers becoming pregnant to AI (67, 46, and 59%), or final pregnancy rates (92, 90, and 90%) in the preliminary experiment, Exp. 1, or Exp. 2, respectively. In summary, SB, DDG, and WCGF can be used as sources of protein in heifer development diets at the inclusion rates used in these studies. C1 [Harris, H. L.; Funston, R. N.] Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Exten Ctr, Lincoln, NE 69101 USA. [Cupp, A. S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Roberts, A. J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Funston, RN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Exten Ctr, N Platte, Lincoln, NE 69101 USA. EM rfunston2@unl.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 2 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0207 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266NU UT WOS:000253443800027 PM 17940162 ER PT J AU Presley, SJ Willig, MR Wunderle, JM Saldanha, LN AF Presley, Steven J. Willig, Michael R. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Saldanha, Luis Nelio TI Effects of reduced-impact logging and forest physiognomy on bat populations of lowland Amazonian forest SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bats; conservation; deforestation; habitat use; population dynamics; sustainable-use forest management ID DEGRADED TROPICAL LANDS; TERRA-FIRME FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SEED DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; REGENERATION; PHYLLOSTOMIDAE; NEOTROPICS AB 1. As human population size increases, demand for natural resources will increase. Logging pressure related to increasing demands continues to threaten remote areas of Amazonian forest. A harvest protocol is required to provide renewable timber resources that meet consumer needs while minimizing negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Reduced-impact logging (RIL) may be a viable option to achieve these goals. 2. Effects of RIL (18 m(3) ha(-1)) and forest physiognomy were assessed for populations of bats from Amazonian terra firme forest in Brazil at 20-42 months postharvest. 3. Based on 64 512 meter-hours of netting, 1468 bats were captured representing 47 species, 30 genera, four families and five feeding ensembles. Five species (one nectarivore and four frugivores) responded to management in a consistent manner: four were more abundant in logged forest and one was more abundant in undisturbed forest. Ten species (one nectarivore, two gleaning animalivores and seven frugivores) responded to forest physiognomy in a consistent manner: nine were more abundant in closed-canopy sites and one was more abundant in gaps. Three species (all frugivores) exhibited idiosyncratic responses to management that were contingent on physiognomy. 4. Using qualitative measures (changes in status from common to rare, or from present to absent), RIL elicited negative responses from 16 species, mostly rare taxa. After accounting for differences in total number of collected individuals, control forest harboured seven to 15 more rare species than did forest subjected to RIL. 5. Synthesis and applications. In the short term, RIL generally did not negatively affect populations of abundant bats. In contrast, reductions in abundance or local extirpation in response to RIL generally characterized uncommon or rare species. Arrangement of RIL sites in a matrix of undisturbed forest may allow source-sink dynamics to mitigate effects of RIL on rare or sensitive species and enhance sustainability at a regional scale. C1 [Presley, Steven J.; Willig, Michael R.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Presley, Steven J.; Willig, Michael R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Saldanha, Luis Nelio] Inst Brazileiro Meio Ambiente & Recursos Nat Reno, BR-66035350 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Presley, SJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Bldg 4 Annex,3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM steven.presley@uconn.edu NR 53 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01373.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254AJ UT WOS:000252558400003 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MC Ford, ED Singleton, P Finney, M Agee, JK AF Kennedy, Maureen C. Ford, E. David Singleton, Peter Finney, Mark Agee, James K. TI Informed multi-objective decision-making in environmental management using Pareto optimality SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire management; fuels management; multiple objectives; non-dominance; optimization; Pareto frontier; spatial structure ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MULTICRITERIA ASSESSMENT; FUELS MANAGEMENT; FOREST; FIRE; MODELS; STRATEGIES; SYSTEMS; RISK AB 1. Effective decision-making in environmental management requires the consideration of multiple objectives that may conflict. Common optimization methods use weights on the multiple objectives to aggregate them into a single value, neglecting valuable insight into the relationships among the objectives in the management problem. 2. We present a multi-objective optimization procedure that approximates the non-dominated Pareto frontier without the use of weightings, allowing for visualization of the trade-offs among objectives. The non-dominated Pareto frontier is approximated by the simultaneous optimization of a vector objective function; two vector objective functions are defined as non-dominated if improvement with respect to one objective is at the detriment of another objective. 3. We demonstrate the method with a case study for the optimum distribution of forest fuels treatments that reduce the impact of fire on a forest. The multiple objectives are to protect habitat of an endangered species, protect late successional forest reserves and minimize the total area treated. In the comparison of three optimization searches, the number of non-dominated solutions increases with the dimensions of the objective space, but with only two objectives the search is ineffective in minimizing fire impact in the different landscape types. Key challenges include the extensive computation time required to approximate the non-dominated set, and reducing the number of solutions that are analysed in detail. 4. Synthesis and applications. The multi-objective optimization program presented can be adapted to other environmental management problems, and easily incorporates a wide range of quantifiable objectives. This tool provides decision-makers with a set of alternatives that estimates the full range of trade-offs among multiple objectives and provides a common ground from which dialogue can come to an informed compromise and decision in environmental management problems. C1 [Kennedy, Maureen C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ford, E. David; Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Singleton, Peter] USFS, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Finney, Mark] Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Kennedy, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mkenn@u.washington.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01367.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254AJ UT WOS:000252558400021 ER PT J AU Schroer, S Pemberton, RW Selvaraj, P AF Schroer, S. Pemberton, R. W. Selvaraj, P. TI Parasitoids of Paratachardina lobata (Hem., Kerriidae): surveys for biological control of the invasive lobate lac scale SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aprostocetus; ooencyrtus; Marietta; Coccophagus; aphelinidae; eulophidae; encyrtidae ID HEMIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; CHAMBERLIN; FLORIDA AB Paratachardina lobata is an invasive pest in southern Florida, threatening a great number of economically important and native plants. The lobate lac scale does not cause problems in its area of origin, India and Sri Lanka, presumably due to various parasitoid wasps. In an attempt to discover promising parasitoids for biological control against the invasive pest in Florida, P. lobata infesting Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) was collected bimonthly from August 2005 to June 2006 at 14 sites in southern India. Four parasitoids were demonstrably associated with P. lobata: a eulophid Aprostocetus bangaloricus Narendran, an encyrtid Ooencyrtus kerriae Hayat and two aphelinids, Marietta leopardina Motschulsky and an undescribed Coccophagus Westwood sp. These chalcidoid wasps were found regularly at all heavily infested sites with an average emergence number per collection period of 62.8, 31.7, 11.9 and 90.5 respectively. The mean number emerged 20-28 days after the collection date, excluding the Coccophagus sp., which occurred significantly later, on average 41 days after collection. Species emergence was examined and parasitized scales dissected. Parasitoid remains were interpreted to understand the mode of parasitism. The Coccophagus sp. was found to be a secondary parasitoid. Marietta leopardina occurred as a primary parasitoid, but only in low number and this species is also known to be hyperparasitic on chalcidoid wasps. Aprostocetus bangaloricus and O. kerriae are promising candidates for the lobate lac scale control in Florida. They are primary parasitoids of P. lobata and occurred at almost every collection site, especially where P. lobata was very abundant. C1 [Schroer, S.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Pemberton, R. W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Selvaraj, P.] Sun Agro Biotech Res Ctr, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Schroer, S (reprint author), 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM schroer@ufl.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01234.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 250TA UT WOS:000252322300002 ER PT J AU Illston, BG Basara, JB Fisher, DK Elliot, R Fiebrich, CA Crawford, KC Humes, K Hunt, E AF Illston, Bradley G. Basara, Jeffrey B. Fisher, Daniel K. Elliot, Ronald Fiebrich, Christopher A. Crawford, Kenneth C. Humes, Karen Hunt, Eric TI Mesoscale monitoring of soil moisture across a statewide network SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT DISSIPATION SENSOR; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WATER CONTENT; OKLAHOMA MESONET; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; EQUATION AB Soil moisture is an important component in many hydrologic and land-atmosphere interactions. Understanding the spatial and temporal nature of soil moisture on the mesoscale is vital to determine the influence that land surface processes have on the atmosphere. Recognizing the need for improved in situ soil moisture measurements, the Oklahoma Mesonet, an automated network of 116 remote meteorological stations across Oklahoma, installed Campbell Scientific 229-L devices to measure soil moisture conditions. Herein, background information on the soil moisture measurements, the technical design of the soil moisture network embedded within the Oklahoma Mesonet, and the quality assurance (QA) techniques applied to the observations are provided. This project also demonstrated the importance of operational QA regarding the data collected, whereby the percentage of observations that passed the QA procedures increased significantly once daily QA was applied. C1 [Illston, Bradley G.; Basara, Jeffrey B.; Fiebrich, Christopher A.; Crawford, Kenneth C.; Hunt, Eric] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Fisher, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Elliot, Ronald] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Humes, Karen] Univ Idaho, Boise, ID USA. RP Illston, BG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM illston@ou.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA993.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268MA UT WOS:000253582700002 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Foster-Frey, J Garrett, WM Blomberg, L AF Donovan, David M. Foster-Frey, Juli Garrett, Wesley M. Blomberg, LeAnn TI Resolving the database sequence discrepancies for the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi 11 amidase SO JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peptidoglycan hydrolase; phage 80 alpha; endolysin; lysin ID HYDROLASE; PHI-11; GENE; ENDOLYSINS; GENOMES; DOMAIN; FAMILY AB There are two conflicting primary nucleotide sequences of the Staphylococcus aureus bacterio-phage phi 11 amidase gene in Genbank. Nucleotide sequence differences as well as alternative translational start site assignments result in three non-identical protein sequence predictions for this amidase. Therefore, it is prudent to verify the correct phi11 amidase protein sequence, especially since multiple versions of the amidase gene have been subcloned, deletion analysis performed, and their experimental use described. There is also a resurgence of interest in the expression and use of bacteriophage lytic proteins as bactericidal agents and the phi 11 amidase has a high antimicrobial potential. The correct amidase sequence is identified through a combination of DNA sequence analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption,/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the recombinant purified phi11 amidase protein. C1 [Donovan, David M.; Foster-Frey, Juli; Garrett, Wesley M.; Blomberg, LeAnn] USDA, ARS, BARC, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Anim Biosci & Biotechno, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BARC, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Anim Biosci & Biotechno, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ddonovan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0233-111X J9 J BASIC MICROB JI J. Basic Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1002/jobm.200700179 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 266KT UT WOS:000253434800007 PM 18247395 ER PT J AU Besser, TE Cassirer, EF Potter, KA VanderSchalie, J Fischer, A Knowles, DP Herndon, DR Rurangirwa, FR Weiser, GC Srikumaran, S AF Besser, Thomas E. Cassirer, E. Frances Potter, Kathleen A. VanderSchalie, John Fischer, Allison Knowles, Donald P. Herndon, David R. Rurangirwa, Fred R. Weiser, Glen C. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Association of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection with population-limiting respiratory disease in free-ranging rocky mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PNEUMONIA; GOATS; SPP.; VIEW AB Bronchopneumonia is a population-limiting disease in bighorn sheep in much of western North America. Previous investigators have isolated diverse bacteria from the lungs of affected sheep, but no single bacterial species is consistently present, even within single epizootics. We obtained high-quality diagnostic specimens from nine pneumonic bighorn sheep in three populations and analyzed the bacterial populations present in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of seven by using a culture-independent method (16S rRNA gene amplification and clone library analyses). Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was detected as a predominant member of the pneumonic lung flora in lambs with early lesions of bronchopneumonia. Specific PCR tests then revealed the consistent presence of M. ovipneumoniae in the lungs of pneumonic bighorn sheep in this study, and M. ovipneumoniae was isolated from lung specimens of five of the animals. Retrospective application of M. ovipneumoniae PCR to DNA extracted from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues of historical adult bighorn sheep necropsy specimens supported the association of this agent with bronchopneumonia (16/34 pneumonic versus 0/17 nonpneumonic sheep were PCR positive [P < 0.001]). Similarly, a very strong association was observed between the presence of one or more M. ovipneumoniae antibody-positive animals and the occurrence of current or recent historical bronchopneumonia problems (seropositive animals detected in 9/9 versus 0/9 pneumonic and nonpneumonic populations, respectively [P < 0.001]). M. ovipneumoniae is strongly associated with bronchopneumonia in free-ranging bighorn sheep and is a candidate primary etiologic agent for this disease. C1 [Besser, Thomas E.; Potter, Kathleen A.; VanderSchalie, John] Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Besser, Thomas E.; Cassirer, E. Frances; Potter, Kathleen A.; Fischer, Allison; Rurangirwa, Fred R.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cassirer, E. Frances] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.; Herndon, David R.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Weiser, Glen C.] Univ Idaho, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. RP Besser, TE (reprint author), POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tbesser@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1128/JCM.01931-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300004 PM 18057131 ER PT J AU Balinsky, CA Delhon, G Smoliga, G Prarat, M French, RA Geary, SJ Rock, DL Rodriguez, LL AF Balinsky, C. A. Delhon, G. Smoliga, G. Prarat, M. French, R. A. Geary, S. J. Rock, D. L. Rodriguez, L. L. TI Rapid preclinical detection of Sheeppox virus by a real-time PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN-DISEASE-VIRUS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; POX DISEASE; GOAT POX; CAPRIPOXVIRUS; GENOME; TRANSMISSION; ANTIGEN; INDIA AB Sheeppox virus (SPPV) is a member of the Capripoxvirus (CaPV) genus of the Poxviridae family. Members of this genus, which also include goatpox and lumpy skin disease viruses, cause economically significant disease in sheep, goats, and cattle. A rapid diagnostic assay for CaPV would be useful for disease surveillance as well as for detection of CaPV in clinical samples and for outbreak management. Here we describe a fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) PCR assay designed for rapid detection of CaPV and tested on sheep experimentally infected with a virulent strain of SPPV. This assay can detect SPPV in huffy coats, nasal swabs, oral swabs, scabs, and skin lesions as well as in lung and lymph nodes collected at necropsy. This single-tube diagnostic assay can be performed in 2 h or less and can detect viral DNA in preclinical, clinical, and postmortem samples. C1 [Balinsky, C. A.; Delhon, G.; Smoliga, G.; Prarat, M.; Rock, D. L.; Rodriguez, L. L.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Prarat, M.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Balinsky, C. A.; Geary, S. J.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Balinsky, C. A.; French, R. A.; Geary, S. J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Delhon, G.] Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Vet Sci, Area Virol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Delhon, G.; Rock, D. L.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Luis.Rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.1128/JCM.01953-07 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300006 PM 18032617 ER PT J AU Bishop, JA Chase, N Magill, SS Kurtzman, CP Fiandaca, MJ Merz, WG AF Bishop, Justin A. Chase, Nancy Magill, Shelley S. Kurtzman, Cletus P. Fiandaca, Mark J. Merz, William G. TI Candida bracarensis detected among isolates of Candida glabrata by peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization: Susceptibility data and documentation of presumed infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; FLUCONAZOLE AB Molecular taxonomic studies have revealed new Candida species among phenotypically delineated species, the best example being Candida dubliniensis. This study was designed to determine the occurrence of two new molecularly defined species, Candida bracarensis and Candida nivariensis, which are closely related to and identified as Candida glabrata by phenotypic assays. A total of 137 recent clinical isolates of C. glabrata identified by phenotypic characteristics was tested with C. bracarensis and C. nivariensis species-specific peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization probes. Three of 137 (2.2%) isolates were positive with the C. bracarensis probe, whereas the control strain, but none of the clinical isolates, was positive with the C. nivariensis probe. D1/D2 sequencing confirmed the identification of the three isolates as representing C. bracarensis. Clinically, one C. bracarensis isolate was recovered from a presumed infection, a polymicrobial pelvic abscess in a patient with perforated diverticulitis. The other two isolates were recovered from two adult oncology patients who were only colonized. C. bracarensis was white on CHROMagar Candida, had variable API-20C patterns that overlapped with C. nivariensis and some C. glabrata isolates, and had variable results with a rapid trehalose assay. Interestingly, an isolate from one of the colonized oncology patients was resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole in vitro. In summary, C. bracarensis was detected among clinical isolates of C. glabrata, while C. nivariensis was not. One C. bracarensis isolate causing a presumed deep infection was recovered, and another isolate was azole resistant. Whether clinical laboratories should identify C. bracarensis will require more data. C1 [Bishop, Justin A.; Chase, Nancy; Magill, Shelley S.; Merz, William G.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21112 USA. [Magill, Shelley S.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21112 USA. [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbiol Gen & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Fiandaca, Mark J.] AdvanDx Inc, Woburn, MA USA. RP Merz, WG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Meyer B1-193,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21112 USA. EM wmerz@jhmi.edu NR 14 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1128/JCM.01986-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300007 PM 18077641 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Nicholson, EM Miller, JM Hall, SM Schoenenbruecher, H Brunelle, BW Richt, JA AF Hamir, A. N. Kunkle, R. A. Nicholson, E. M. Miller, J. M. Hall, S. M. Schoenenbruecher, H. Brunelle, B. W. Richt, J. A. TI Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; fallow deer; prion; spongiform encephalopathy ID ABNORMAL PRION PROTEIN; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; GENE PRNP; CATTLE; AGENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCRAPIE; SHEEP AB To determine the transmissibility of chronic wasting disease (CWD) to fallow deer (Dama dama) and to provide information about clinical course, lesions and suitability of currently used diagnostic procedures for detection of CWD in this species, 13 fawns were inoculated intracerebrally with CWD brain suspension from elk (n = 6) or white-tailed deer (n = 7). Three other fawns were kept as uninfectcd controls. Three CWD-inoculated deer were killed 7.6 months post-inoculation (mpi). None had abnormal prion protein (PrPd) in their tissues. One sick deer died at 24 mpi and one deer without clinical signs was killed at 26 mpi. Both animals had a small focal accumulation of Prp(d) in the midbrain. Between 29 and 37 mpi, three other deer became sick and were killed. All had shown gradual decrease in appetite and some loss of body weight. Microscopical lesions of spongiform encephalopathy were not observed, but PrPd was detected in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) by immunohistochemistry, western blot and by two commercially available rapid diagnostic tests. This study demonstrates that intracerebrally inoculated fallow deer amplified CWD PrPd from white-tailed deer and elk in the absence of lesions of spongiform encephalopathy. Four years after CWD inoculation, the remaining five inoculated and two control deer are alive and apparently healthy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hamir, A. N.; Kunkle, R. A.; Nicholson, E. M.; Miller, J. M.; Schoenenbruecher, H.; Brunelle, B. W.; Richt, J. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Hall, S. M.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Pathol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amir.hamir@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD FEB-APR PY 2008 VL 138 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.12.002 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 293KP UT WOS:000255334500007 PM 18336829 ER PT J AU Krause, AJ Miracle, RE Sanders, TH Dean, LL Drake, MA AF Krause, A. J. Miracle, R. E. Sanders, T. H. Dean, L. L. Drake, M. A. TI The effect of refrigerated and frozen storage on butter flavor and texture SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE butter; storage; butter quality; oxidative stability ID YIELD STRESS; VANE METHOD; CREAM; SPREADABILITY; STABILITY; EVALUATE AB Butter is often stored for extended periods of time; therefore, it is important for manufacturers to know the refrigerated and frozen shelf life. The objectives of this study were to characterize the effect of refrigerated and frozen storage on the sensory and physical characteristics of butter. Fresh butter was obtained on 2 occasions from 2 facilities in 113-g sticks and 4-kg bulk blocks (2 facilities, 2 package forms). Butters were placed into both frozen(-20 degrees C) and refrigerated storage (5 degrees C). Frozen butters were sampled after 0, 6, 12, 15, and 24 mo; refrigerated butters were sampled after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 mo. Every 3 mo, oxidative stability index (OSI) and descriptive sensory analysis (texture, flavor, and color) were conducted. Every 6 mo, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid value (FFV), fatty acid profiling, vane, instrumental color, and oil turbidity were examined. A mixed-model ANOVA was conducted to characterize the effects of storage time, temperature, and package type. Storage time, temperature, and package type affected butter flavor, OSI, PV, and FFV. Refrigerated butter quarters exhibited refrigerator/stale off-flavors concurrent with increased levels of oxidation (lower oxidative stability and higher PV and FFV) within 6 mo of refrigerated storage, and similar trends were observed for refrigerated bulk butter after 9 mo. Off-flavors were not evident in frozen butters until 12 or 18 mo for quarters and bulk butters, respectively. Off-flavors in frozen butters were not correlated with instrumental oxidation measurements. Because butter is such a desirable fat source in terms of flavor and textural properties, it is important that manufacturers understand how long their product can be stored before negative attributes develop. C1 [Krause, A. J.; Miracle, R. E.; Drake, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sanders, T. H.; Dean, L. L.] USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Res Ctr, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM maryanne_drake@ncsu.edu RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 91 IS 2 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0717 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 255ED UT WOS:000252638900002 PM 18218731 ER PT J AU Bohmanova, J Misztal, I Tsuruta, S Norman, HD Lawlor, TJ AF Bohmanova, J. Misztal, I. Tsuruta, S. Norman, H. D. Lawlor, T. J. TI Short communication: Genotype by environment interaction due to heat stress SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genotype x environment interaction; reaction norm; heat stress ID UNITED-STATES; MILK-YIELD; MODEL; RECORDS; REGIONS; CATTLE AB Heat stress was evaluated as a factor in differences between regional evaluations for milk yield in the United States. The national data set (NA) consisted of 56 million first-parity, test-day milk yields on 6 million Holsteins. The Northeastern subset (NE) included 12.5 million records on 1.3 million first-calved heifers from 8 states, and the Southeastern subset (SE) included 3.5 million records on 0.4 million heifers from 11 states. Climatic data were available from 202 public weather stations. Each herd was assigned to the nearest weather station. Average daily temperature-humidity index (meanTHI) 3 d before test date was used as an indicator of heat stress. Two test-day repeatability models were implemented. Effects included in both models were herd-test date, age at calving class, frequency of milking, days in milk x season class, additive genetic (regular breeding value) and permanent environmental effects. Additionally, the second model included random regressions on degrees of heat stress (t = max[0, meanTHI - 72]) for additive genetic (breeding value for heat tolerance) and permanent environmental effects. Both models were fitted with the national and regional data sets. Correlations involved estimated breeding values (EBV) from SE and NE for sires with >= 100 and >= 300 daughters in each region. When heat stress was ignored (first model) the correlations of regular EBV between SE and NE for sires with >= 100 (>= 300) daughters were 0.85 (0.87). When heat stress was considered (second model), the correlation increased by up to 0.01. The correlations of heat stress EBV between NE and SE for sires with >= 100 (>= 300, >= 700) daughters were 0.58 (0.72, 0.81). Evaluations for heat tolerance were similar in cooler and hotter regions for high-reliability sires. Heat stress as modeled explains only a small amount of regional differences, partly because test-day records depict only snapshots of heat stress. C1 [Bohmanova, J.; Misztal, I.; Tsuruta, S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Norman, H. D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lawlor, T. J.] Holstein Assoc USA Inc, Brattleboro, VT 05301 USA. RP Bohmanova, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jbohmano@uoguelph.ca NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 91 IS 2 BP 840 EP 846 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-142 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 255ED UT WOS:000252638900043 PM 18218772 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Broderick, GA Misselbrook, TH AF Powell, J. M. Broderick, G. A. Misselbrook, T. H. TI Seasonal diet affects ammonia emissions from tie-stall dairy barns SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet; ammonia emission; manure; tie-stall ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; CORN-SILAGE; UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY; URINARY NITROGEN; ALFALFA SILAGE; CUBICLE HOUSES; COWS; CATTLE; PROTEIN; EXCRETION AB Federal and state regulations are being promulgated under the Clean Air Act to reduce hazardous air emissions from livestock operations. Although much is known about air emissions from livestock operations in Europe, few data are available on emissions from livestock facilities in the United States and the management practices that may minimize these emissions. The objective of this study was to measure seasonal and diet effects on ammonia emissions from experimental tie-stall dairy barns located in central Wisconsin. Four experimental chambers each housed 4 lactating Holstein dairy cows for three 28-d trial periods corresponding to spring, early fall, and winter. A 4 x 4 Latin square statistical design was used to evaluate 4 diets [ corn silage (CS)- or alfalfa silage (AS)- based diets at low or high crude protein] in each chamber for a 4-d ammonia monitoring period. Partially due to higher crude protein levels, average ammonia-N emissions during spring (18.8 g/cow per d) were approximately twice the emissions recorded during early fall (8.4 g/cow per d) and 3 times greater than emissions during winter (6.7 g/cow per d). Ammonia-N emissions accounted for approximately 1 to 3% of consumed feed N, 2 to 5% of excreted manure N, and 4 to 11% of manure ammonical N. Night-time ammonia emissions were on average 30% lower than daytime emissions. Forage type did not affect ammonia emissions during winter or early fall. Only during early spring were ammonia emissions lower from chambers containing cows fed low-CP diets than from cows fed high-CP diets. Of the total chamber N inputs (feed and bedding), 93, 91, and 95% were recovered in N outputs (milk, manure, body weight change, and ammonia N) during spring, early fall, and winter trials, respectively. Confidence in the accuracy of ammonia emission results was gained by the relatively high chamber N balances and favorable comparisons of study data with published relationships among the variables of feed N intake, milk urea N, manure N, and urine N excretion, and ammonia emissions. C1 [Powell, J. M.; Broderick, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Misselbrook, T. H.] Inst Grassland & Environm Res, North Wyke EX20 2SB, Okehampton, England. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov RI Misselbrook, Tom/N-2385-2014 OI Misselbrook, Tom/0000-0002-4594-3606 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 91 IS 2 BP 857 EP 869 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0588 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 255ED UT WOS:000252638900045 PM 18218774 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS AF Sisterson, Mark S. TI Effects of insect-vector preference for healthy or infected plants on pathogen spread: Insights from a model SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease management; epidemiology; insect vector; modeling ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; MYZUS-PERSICAE HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; HOST; BEHAVIOR; ATTRACTIVENESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITO; MALARIA AB Insects vector many plant pathogens and often have higher or lower densities on infected plants than on healthy plants. Two hypotheses may explain this observation: insects may preferentially orient toward and select one plant type (referred to as orientation preference) or insects may reside on infected plants for longer or shorter periods than on healthy plants (referred to as feeding preference). The effects of feeding preference and orientation preference were compared alone and in combination using a spatially explicit model. With feeding preference for healthy or infected plants, the qualitative relationship between the percentage of plants infected and the rate of pathogen spread was not affected. However, feeding preference for healthy plants increased rates of pathogen spread, whereas feeding preference for infected plants decreased rates of pathogen spread. Unlike feeding preference, orientation preference for healthy and infected plants produced qualitatively different relationships between the percentage of plants infected and the rate of pathogen spread. With orientation preference for healthy plants, the pathogen spread slowly when few plants were infected, but quickly once most plants were infected. In contrast, with orientation preference for infected plants, the pathogen spread quickly when few plants were infected, but slowly once most plants were infected. In sensitivity analyses, we found that assumptions about the latent period (time between infection and when insects can recognize a plant as being infected) and persistence (length of time an insect remains inoculative) altered the aforementioned effects in some cases. The results illustrate that feeding and orientation preference affect pathogen spread differently, highlighting the importance of elucidating the mechanisms that control vector preference for healthy versus infected plants. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM msisterson@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 28 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1:EOIPFH]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600001 PM 18330109 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, Allan T. TI Relationships of abscised cotton fruit to boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) feeding, oviposition, and development SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; abscission; squares; bolls ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; FIELD CONDITIONS; FECUNDITY; PARASITES; SQUARES; DAMAGE; TEXAS; EGG AB Abscised cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fruit in field plots planted at different times were examined to assess adult boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), use of squares and bolls during 2002 and 2003 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Although boll abscission is not necessarily related to infestation, generally more bolls abscised than squares and abundances of fallen bolls were not related to the planting date treatments. During 2003, fallen squares were most abundant in the late-planted treatment. Although large squares (5.5 - 8-mm-diameter) on the plant are preferred for boll weevil oviposition, diameter of abscised squares is not a reliable measurement because of shrinkage resulting from desiccation and larval feeding. Fallen feeding-punctured squares and bolls were most abundant in late plantings but differences between fallen feeding-punctured squares versus fallen feeding-punctured bolls were found in only one treatment in 2003. During the same year, fallen oviposition-punctured squares were more numerous in the late-planted treatment than in the earlier treatments. Treatment effects were not found on numbers of oviposition-punctured bolls, but fallen oviposition-punctured squares were more common than bolls in the late-planted treatment compared with earlier treatments each year. Dead weevil eggs, larvae, and pupae inside fallen fruit were few and planting date treatment effects were not detected. Living third instars and pupae were more abundant in fallen squares of the late-planted treatment than in the earlier treatments and bolls of all three treatments. This study shows that fallen squares in late-planted cotton contribute more to adult boll weevil populations than bolls, or squares of earlier plantings. C1 USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[68:ROACFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600010 PM 18330118 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Duerr, DA AF Miller, Daniel R. Duerr, Donald A. TI Comparison of arboreal beetle catches in wet and dry collection cups with Lindgren multiple funnel traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerambycidae; Curculionidae; detection; multiple-funnel trap; Scolytidae ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BARK BEETLES; COLEOPTERA; CERAMBYCIDAE; KAIROMONES; SCOLYTIDAE; IPSDIENOL; IPSENOL; FLIGHT AB We compared the effectiveness of a dry collection cup (with an insecticide killing strip) to a wet collection cup (containing antifreeze) for use with Lindgren multiple-funnel traps in catching several common species of bark and wood-boring beetles, and their associates in southern pine forests. All traps were baited with either the binary combination of ethanol and (-)-alpha-pinene or the quaternary combination of (+/-)-ipsenol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, ethanol, and (-)-alpha-pinene. We found that cup treatment had little, if any, effect on catches of Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) and L grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Alaus myops (F.) (Elateridae), Chalcophora Solier species (Buprestidae), Temnochila virescens (F.) (Trogositidae), and Lasconotus Erichson species (Colydiidae). In contrast, catches of the following species were significantly less (by 40 - 97%) in traps with dry cups than in traps with wet cups: Hylobius pales Herbst and Pachylobius picivorus LeConte (Curculionidae); Buprestis lineata F. (Buprestidae); Acanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier), Arhopalus rusticus nubilus (LeConte), Monochamus titillator (F.) and Xylotrechus sagittatus sagittatus (Cerambycidae); Hylastes porculus Erichson and Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg) (Scolytidae); and Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Cleridae). The same was true in at least one experiment for the following species: Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Scolytidae). We conclude that cup treatment can have a significant impact on catches of some arboreal beetles in baited multiple-funnel traps. Anyone using multiple-funnel traps to capture arboreal beetles should evaluate the potential impacts arising from their choice of collection cup treatment to their trapping objectives and expectations. The issue of cup treatment may be particular important at low population levels when maximum trap efficiency is required such as in the detection of exotic insects at ports-of-entry and within quarantine and containment zones. C1 [Miller, Daniel R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Duerr, Donald A.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[107:COABCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600015 PM 18330123 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Storer, NP Abel, CA Jackson, R Leonard, R Lopez, JD Payne, G Siegfried, BD Spencer, T Teran-Vargas, AP AF Blanco, Carlos A. Storer, Nicholas P. Abel, Craig A. Jackson, Ryan Leonard, Rogers Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Payne, Gregory Siegfried, Blair D. Spencer, Terence Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. TI Baseline susceptibility of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; transgenic cotton; insecticide; resistance management ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; INSECT RESISTANCE; DELTA-ENDOTOXINS; PROTEINS; COTTON; SPECIFICITY; TOXICITY AB Transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., lines expressing both Cry1F and Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been commercially available in the United States since 2005. Both Bt proteins are highly effective against tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and other lepidopteran pests of cotton. Although Cry1Ac has been available in Bt cotton since 1996, the Cry1F component is relatively new. As part of the proactive resistance management program for Cry1F/Cry1Ac cotton, a susceptibility-monitoring program is being implemented. Baseline variation in the susceptibility to Cry1F in field populations of tobacco budworm was measured. There was a three-fold variation in the amount of Cry1F needed to kill 50% of the neonates from 15 different field populations from the southern and central United States. Future variation in susceptibility of tobacco budworm populations to Cry1F or even resistance evolution could be documented based on this baseline data. A candidate diagnostic concentration was determined that may be efficiently used to identify individuals that potentially carry major alleles conferring field-relevant resistance to Cry1F before such alleles spread through field populations. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Abel, Craig A.; Jackson, Ryan] USDA ARS, So Insect Mangement Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Storer, Nicholas P.] Dow Agrosci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Siegfried, Blair D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Payne, Gregory] State Univ W Georgia, Dept Biol, Carlton, GA USA. [Siegfried, Blair D.; Spencer, Terence] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.] INIFAP, Campo Expt Tamaulipas, Cuauhtemoc, TAM, Mexico. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Mangement Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cblanco@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 168 EP 173 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[168:BSOTBL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600024 PM 18330132 ER PT J AU Prabhaker, N Castle, SJ Buckelew, L Toscano, NC AF Prabhaker, Nilima Castle, S. J. Buckelew, L. Toscano, Nick C. TI Baseline susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) populations from California and Arizona to spiromesifen SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oberon; Bemisia argentifolii; Q biotype; whitefly immature stages; imidaclopridresistant whiteflies ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; CROSS-RESISTANCE; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; NEONICOTINOIDS; CICADELLIDAE; IMMATURE AB Susceptibility to spiromesifen, a tetronic acid derivative, was determined for three imidacloprid-resistant strains and 12 geographically discrete natural populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (=Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from California and Arizona by laboratory bioassays. Newly emerged first instars were sprayed with aqueous serial dilutions of spiromesifen and evaluated for toxicity to establish baseline susceptibility data. Interpopulation variability in susceptibility to spiromesifen was observed among the natural populations of whiteflies up to 29-fold; however, there was only 30-fold difference in susceptibility among natural and resistant populations tested. In general, spiromesifen was quite toxic to first instars across most of their geographic range, with LC50 values ranging from 0.210 to 6.08 mu g (AI)/ml. The magnitude of variation was smaller among the three-resistant strains. These results suggest that the observed variability reflect natural variation in spiromesifen susceptibility among all the test populations, possibly due to previous exposure to insecticides at each location. The effectiveness of spiromesifen also was evaluated against all immature stages of whiteflies from three field and two resistant strains. Spiromesifen was significantly more active against early instars of whiteflies based on lower LC50 values recorded compared with the fourth instars. Spiromesifen was effective against the resistant strains including a Q-biotype of B. tabaci from Spain, which is highly resistant to neonicotinoids. Results of this study indicate absence of cross-resistance between spiromesifen and more commonly used neonicotinoids. Our findings suggest that spiromesifen should be considered an ideal candidate for whitefly resistance management programs in rotation with other effective chemistries. C1 [Prabhaker, Nilima; Toscano, Nick C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Castle, S. J.] USDA ARS, ALARC, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Buckelew, L.] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM nilima.prabhaker@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[174:BSOBTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600025 PM 18330133 ER PT J AU Myers, CT Reissig, WH Forsline, PL AF Myers, Clayton T. Reissig, W. Harvey Forsline, Phillip L. TI Susceptibility of fruit from diverse apple and crabapple germplasm to attack from apple maggot (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis pomonella; apple; germplasm; host plant resistance ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; MULTIPLE PEST RESISTANCE; CRAB APPLES; LARVAE AB Apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a pest of major concern to apple, Malus x domestica (Borkh.) production in eastern North America. Host plant resistance to apple maggot among apple germplasm has been previously evaluated among a small number of exotic Malus accessions and domestic hybrid selections. However, a large number of exotic accessions housed in USDA collections have never been evaluated for their susceptibility to apple pests. Additionally, previous reports of resistance need to be confirmed under both field conditions and with more rigorous laboratory evaluations. Thus, studies were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of a number of Malus accessions housed at the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Unit "core" collection. Contrary to earlier published reports, these results suggest that some selections previously described as "resistant" are in fact susceptible to both oviposition damage and larval feeding damage by apple maggot. One domestic, disease-resistant apple accession, 'E36-7' is resistant to survival of apple maggot larvae except when the fruit is nearly ripe in late fall. This is the first report of an apple cultivar that is confirmed to be resistant to larval feeding of apple maggot. Although adults can successfully oviposit on all accessions examined, larval survival was zero in a number of small-fruited crabapple accessions classified as resistant in previous studies and also in two accessions, Malus tschonoskii (Maxim) C. K. Schneid. and M. spectabilis (Aiton) Borkh., that have not been previously evaluated. C1 [Myers, Clayton T.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Reissig, W. Harvey] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Forsline, Phillip L.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Myers, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM clayton.myers@ars.usdagov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[206:SOFFDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600029 PM 18330137 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ Naranjo, SE AF Castle, S. J. Naranjo, Steven E. TI Comparison of sampling methods for determining relative densities of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) on citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; orange trees; pest management; sex ratio; yellow sticky trap ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COAGULATA; HOMOPTERA; LEAFHOPPER; DISEASE; FLORIDA; TREES AB Four sampling methods that included A-Vac, D-Vac, pole-bucket, and beat-net devices were evaluated for estimating relative densities of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) nymphs and adults on citrus (Citrus spp.) trees. All four methods produced similar temporal and spatial distribution profiles, although significant differences in quantities of H. vitripennis adults and nymphs caught by each device were observed. The four sampling methods also showed a consistent male bias in adult populations across a range of densities, suggesting that previously reported male-biased sex ratios in H. vitripennis adult populations are real and not a product of sampling bias. A strong relationship (R-2 = 0.95) between the monitoring methods we evaluated and yellow sticky trap catches of female H. vitripennis adults suggest that yellow sticky trap catches may provide a good relative index of infestation levels in citrus trees. Based on quantitative analyses examining precision and cost, the pole bucket was the most efficient method for sampling nymphs, and it was as efficient as the beat-net method for sampling adults and both stages combined. In addition to these analyses, consideration of other sampling characteristics such as added flexibility in sampling and higher sensitivity in detecting infestations within individual trees helped to fortify the conclusion that the pole bucket was the best overall sampling method of those tested. C1 [Castle, S. J.; Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM steven.castle@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[226:COSMFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 260II UT WOS:000253003600031 PM 18330139 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Hobbs, NT AF Bradford, John B. Hobbs, N. Thompson TI Regulating overabundant ungulate populations: An example for elk in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PORCINE-ZONA-PELLUCIDA; SOIL-NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; FERTILITY-CONTROL; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ELEPHANT POPULATIONS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; FERAL HORSES AB In many areas of the world, populations of native ungulates have become so abundant that they are believed to be harming vegetation and disrupting ecosystem function. Methods for controlling overabundance populations include culling animals from the population and controlling fertility using contraceptives. However, understanding the feasibility these alternatives requires insight into their long-term effects on populations. We constructed a simulation model to evaluate options for regulating elk populations in and around Rocky Mountain National Park and used the model to compare different treatment options. Methods were evaulated with respect to the time required to reduce the population to a target level, the number of animals treated and/or culled and the risk of extinction. We contrasted culling with lifetime-effect contraceptives and yearlong contraceptives. Lifetime contraceptives required treating the fewest animals to maintain the population at desired targets. However, this approach also causes the greatest population variability and potential risk of extinction. Yearlong contraceptives required treatment of dramatically more animals but had essentially no extinction risk whereas culling produced intermediate levels of both extinction risk and number of animals treated. These results characterize the risks and benefits of alternative control strategies for overabundant wildlife. They emerge from a modeling approach that can be broadly useful in helping managers in choose between alternatives for regulating overabundant wildlife. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bradford, John B.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255QU UT WOS:000252673300007 PM 17276577 ER PT J AU Patterson, PH Adrizal, A Hulet, RM Bates, RM Myers, CAB Martin, GP Shockey, RL Van der Grinten, M AF Patterson, P. H. Adrizal, A. Hulet, R. M. Bates, R. M. Myers, C. A. B. Martin, G. P. Shockey, R. L. Van der Grinten, M. TI Vegetative buffers for fan emissions from poultry farms: 1. temperature and foliar nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Picea abies; Populus deltoides x Papulus nigra; leaf nitrogen; leaf dry matter; commercial poultry farms; seasonal temperature ID AMMONIA; DEPOSITION; NUTRIENTS; MANURE AB This study sought to evaluate the potential of trees planted around commercial poultry farms to trap ammonia (NH3) the gas of greatest environmental concern to the poultry industry. Four plant species (Norway spruce, Spike hybrid poplar, Streamco willow, and hybrid willow) were planted on eight commercial farms from 2003 to 2004. Because temperature (T) can be a stressor for trees, T was monitored in 2005 with data loggers among the trees in front of the exhaust fans (11.4 to 17.7 m) and at a control distance away from the fans (48 in) during all four seasons in Pennsylvania. Norway spruce (Picea abies) foliage samples were taken in August 2005 from one turkey and two layer farms for dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) analysis. The two layer farms had both Norway spruce and Spike hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides x Populus nigra) plantings sampled as well allowing comparisons of species and the effect of plant location near the fans versus a control distance away. Proximity to the fans had a clear effect on spruce foliar N with greater concentrations downwind of the fans than at control distances (3.03 vs. 1.88%; P <= 0.0005). Plant location was again a significant factor for foliar N of both poplar and spruce on the two farms with both species showing greater N adjacent to the fans compared to the controls (3.75 vs. 2.32%; P <= 0.0001). Pooled foliar DM of both plants was also greater among those near the fans (56.17, fan vs. 44.67%, control; P <= 0.005). Species differences were also significant showing the potential of poplar to retain greater foliar N than spruce (3.52 vs. 2.55%; P <= 0.001) with less DM (46.00 vs. 54.83%; P <= 0.05) in a vegetative buffer setting. The results indicated plants were not stressed by the T near exhaust fans with mean seasonal T (13.04 vs. 13.03 degrees C, respectively) not significantly different from controls. This suggested poultry house exhaust air among the trees near the fans would not result in dormancy stressors on the plants compared to controls away from the fans. C1 [Patterson, P. H.; Hulet, R. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Adrizal, A.] Univ Jambi, Fac Anim Husb, Jambi, Indonesia. [Bates, R. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Myers, C. A. B.] Penn State Univ Cooperat Extens Livestock, Leesport, PA USA. [Martin, G. P.] Penn State Univ Cooperat Extens Livestock, Lancaster, PA USA. [Shockey, R. L.] USDA NRCS, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Van der Grinten, M.] Big Flats Plant Mat Ctr, USDA NRCS, New York, NY USA. RP Patterson, PH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM php1@psu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1090/03601230801890179 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 265QM UT WOS:000253376000013 PM 18246513 ER PT J AU Lopez, AB Van Eck, J Conlin, BJ Paolillo, DJ O'Neill, J Li, L AF Lopez, Alex B. Van Eck, Joyce Conlin, Brian J. Paolillo, Dominick J. O'Neill, Jennifer Li, Li TI Effect of the cauliflower Or transgene on carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast formation in transgenic potato tubers SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; cauliflower Or gene; chromoplasts; carotenoid sequestering structures; potato ID BETA-CAROTENE; TOMATO PLANTS; KETOCAROTENOID FORMATION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; VAR. BOTRYTIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; STORAGE; GENE; DESATURATION; SUPPRESSION AB Transgenic plants have facilitated our understanding of the functional roles of genes and the metabolic processes affected in plants. Recently, the Or gene was isolated from an orange cauliflower mutant and it was shown that the Or gene could serve as a novel genetic tool to enrich carotenoid content in transgenic potato tubers. An in-depth characterization of these Or transgenic lines is presented here. It was found that the Or transgene may facilitate the identification of potential rate-limiting step(s) of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. The Or transgenic tubers accumulated not only increased levels of carotenoids that normally are present in the controls, but also three additional metabolite intermediates of phytoene, phyto-influene, and zeta-carotene, indicating that the desaturation steps became limiting following the expression of the Or transgene. Moreover, we observed that long-term cold storage greatly enhanced carotenoid content in the Or transgenic tubers to a level of 10-fold over controls. Expression of the Or transgene in the transgenic plants caused no dramatic changes in the transcript levels of the endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic genes, which is in agreement with the Or gene not directly controlling carotenoid biosynthesis. Microscope analysis revealed that the Or transgene conferred the formation of chromoplasts containing carotenoid sequestering structures in a heterologous system. Such structures were not observed in tubers of potato cultivars that accumulate high levels of carotenoids. Collectively, these results provide direct evidence demonstrating that the Or gene indeed controls chromoplast differentiation and that regulation of chromoplast formation can have a profound effect on carotenoid accumulation in plants. C1 [Lopez, Alex B.; O'Neill, Jennifer; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Van Eck, Joyce; Conlin, Brian J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Paolillo, Dominick J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu NR 42 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 59 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm299 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 274MX UT WOS:000254006500010 PM 18256051 ER PT J AU Dexter, RJ Verdonk, JC Underwood, BA Shibuya, K Schmelz, EA Clark, DG AF Dexter, Richard J. Verdonk, Julian C. Underwood, Beverly A. Shibuya, Kenichi Schmelz, Eric A. Clark, David G. TI Tissue-specific PhBPBT expression is differentially regulated in response to endogenous ethylene SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Experimental-Biology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Soc Expt Biol DE benzenoids; benzyl benzoate; ethylene; floral volatiles; Petunia hybrida; wounding ID PETUNIA FLOWERS; FLORAL SCENT; CLARKIA-BREWERI; BENZYL BENZOATE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; POLLINATION; EMISSION; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOEUGENOL AB Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in many physiological processes including senescence, fruit ripening, and defence. Here the effects of pollination and wound-induced ethylene signals on transcript accumulation of benzoyl CoA:benzyl alcohol/phenylethanol benzoyltransferase (PhBPBT) are shown in Petuniaxhybrida cv. Mitchell 'Diploid' (MD). In petunia, PhBPBT is responsible for the biosynthesis of both benzyl benzoate and phenylethyl benzoate from benzyl alcohol and phenylethanol, respectively. RNAi-silenced lines, with reduced PhBPBT transcript, displayed reduced benzyl benzoate emission, and increased benzyl alcohol levels. Detailed expression analysis showed that PhBPBT is regulated by both light and an endogenous circadian rhythm, while it is also differentially regulated in response to ethylene in a tissue-specific manner. Twenty-four hours following pollination of MD flowers, expression of PhBPBT decreases in the corolla, while it increases in the ovary after 48 h. This is caused by ethylene that is emitted from the flower coinciding with fertilization as this is not observed in transgenic ethylene-insensitive plants (CaMV35S::etr1-1; 44568). Ethylene is also emitted from vegetative tissue of petunia following mechanical wounding, resulting in an increase in PhBPBT expression in the leaves where expression is normally below detection levels. Indicative of this pattern of expression, we hypothesize that PhBPBT and subsequent benzyl benzoate production is involved in defence-related processes in the corolla prior to pollination, in the ovary immediately following fertilization, and in vegetative tissue in response to wounding. C1 [Dexter, Richard J.; Verdonk, Julian C.; Underwood, Beverly A.; Shibuya, Kenichi; Clark, David G.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmelz, Eric A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Clark, DG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM geranium@ufl.edu OI Verdonk, Julian/0000-0002-1237-7951; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm337 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 278NN UT WOS:000254293700016 PM 18256048 ER PT J AU Gustafson, L Ellis, S Bouchard, D Robinson, T Marenghi, F Warg, J Giray, C AF Gustafson, L. Ellis, S. Bouchard, D. Robinson, T. Marenghi, F. Warg, J. Giray, C. TI Estimating diagnostic test accuracy for infectious salmon anaemia virus in Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE IFAT; infectious salmon anaemia; RT-PCR; Salmo salar; sensitivity; specificity ID ATLANTIC SALMON; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; CELL-LINES; SALAR L; ISAV; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; CANADA; STRAIN AB Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a pathogen of consequence to farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. ISA control centres on active surveillance for early detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFAT) and virus isolation. Because diagnostic test performance varies among populations and laboratories, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) recommends an evaluation of test accuracy in each region of use. This is complicated in Maine, USA by the coexistence of ISAV genotypes homologous to North American (NA) and European (EU) isolates. While NA ISAV genotypes isolated in Maine are characterized by high morbidity and mortality, the single EU genotype in Maine has not yet been linked to disease or isolated by cell culture. Consequently, distinguishing among genotypes is critical to infection response. Accuracy in NA genotype detection was estimated from ISA surveillance data using latent class models. Results suggested that RT-PCR is an excellent screening test for NA ISAV genotypes in Maine, although probably with reduced specificity in the presence of EU genotypes. IFAT, in contrast, was a poor screening test for detection of ISAV in Maine, although it may be useful in confirmation of NA genotypes during disease outbreaks. C1 [Gustafson, L.; Ellis, S.; Robinson, T.; Marenghi, F.] USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gustafson, L.; Bouchard, D.; Robinson, T.] ISA Programme, USDA APHIS Vet Serv, E Port, ME USA. [Bouchard, D.] Univ Maine, Maine Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Orono, ME USA. [Warg, J.] USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Giray, C.] Micro Technol Inc, Richmond, ME USA. RP Gustafson, L (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Natl Surveillance Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.l.gustafson@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 264TI UT WOS:000253312900006 PM 18234019 ER PT J AU Ahuja, JKC Perloff, BP AF Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C. Perloff, Betty P. TI Quality control procedures for the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies nutrient values SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY SEP 19-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE quality control; database management; Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies; FNDDS ID UNITED-STATES AB Accurate dietary assessment depends on a high-quality food and nutrient database. While much progress has been made in the quality of analytical nutrient data, the area of database quality control remains largely uncovered. Increased automation of database maintenance and update processes necessitates stringent quality control procedures. A detailed quality control (QC) plan has advanced over the years and is in place for the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) nutrient values file. Multiple checks are performed for all new and revised data at different steps of the update process to ensure integrity and accuracy in the database. Based on the purpose of the checks, they are grouped into three categories: nutrient integrity checks, database integrity checks, and database validation checks. Details of the QC checks used for the FNDDS nutrient values file and features of the QC system are given. This information can be helpful for managers responsible for maintaining nutrient databases, and discussions on this topic may stimulate development of systems to ensure integrity and accuracy in nutrient databases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C.; Perloff, Betty P.] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ahuja, JKC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jaspreet.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 SU S BP S119 EP S124 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.05.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 240TR UT WOS:000251610800018 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Coates, PM Milner, JA Whitted, J Burt, V Radimer, K Wilger, J Sharpless, KE Holden, JM Andrews, K Roseland, J Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Harnly, J Wolf, WR Perry, CR AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Picciano, Mary Frances Betz, Joseph M. Fisher, Kenneth D. Saldanha, Leila G. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Coates, Paul M. Milner, John A. Whitted, Jackie Burt, Vicki Radimer, Kathy Wilger, Jaimie Sharpless, Katherine E. Holden, Joanne M. Andrews, Karen Roseland, Janet Zhao, Culwei Schweitzer, Amy Harnly, James Wolf, Wayne R. Perry, Charles R. TI Progress in developing analytical and label-based dietary supplement databases at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY SEP 19-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE dietary supplements; analytical substantiation; dietary supplement composition; dietary supplement ingredient database; NHANES; DSID; NHANES-DSLD; DSLD-USA; dietary supplement labels; standard reference materials (R); certified reference materials ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOOD; CALCIUM; TRIALS; RISK AB Although an estimated 50% of adults in the United States consume dietary supplements, analytically substantiated data on their bioactive constituents are sparse. Several programs funded by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health enhance dietary supplement database development and help to better describe the quantitative and qualitative contributions of dietary supplements to total dietary intakes. ODS, in collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture, is developing a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) verified by chemical analysis. The products chosen initially for analytical verification are adult multivitamin-mineral supplements (MVMs). These products are widely used, analytical methods are available for determining key constituents, and a certified reference material is in development. Also MVMs have no standard scientific, regulatory, or marketplace definitions and have widely varying compositions, characteristics, and bioavailability. Furthermore, the extent to which actual amounts of vitamins and minerals in a product deviate from label values is not known. Ultimately, DSID will prove useful to professionals in permitting more accurate estimation of the contribution of dietary supplements to total dietary intakes of nutrients and better evaluation of the role of dietary supplements in promoting health and well-being. ODS is also collaborating with the National Center for Health Statistics to enhance the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary supplement label database. The newest ODS effort explores the feasibility and practicality of developing a database of all dietary supplement labels marketed in the US. This article describes these and supporting projects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Picciano, Mary Frances; Betz, Joseph M.; Fisher, Kenneth D.; Saldanha, Leila G.; Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Coates, Paul M.] US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD USA. [Milner, John A.; Whitted, Jackie] US Dept HHS, Natl Canc Inst, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Burt, Vicki; Radimer, Kathy; Wilger, Jaimie] US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Hlth & Nutr Exam Survey, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holden, Joanne M.; Andrews, Karen; Roseland, Janet; Zhao, Culwei; Schweitzer, Amy] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Harnly, James; Wolf, Wayne R.] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Compos Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Perry, Charles R.] USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD USA. EM dwyerjl@od.nih.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 SU S BP S83 EP S93 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 240TR UT WOS:000251610800013 PM 25346570 ER PT J AU Haytowitz, DB Pehrsson, PR Holden, JM AF Haytowitz, David B. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Holden, Joanne M. TI The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program: A decade of progress SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY SEP 19-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE USDA food composition database; national nutrient database; food tables; nutrient data; National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP); data management; key foods; database update ID QUALITY EVALUATION SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; VEGETABLES; FRUITS AB The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was designed to expand the quantity and improve the quality of data in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) food composition databases through the collection and analysis of nationally representative samples of foods and beverages. This paper describes some of the findings from the NFNAP and its impact on the food composition databases produced by USDA. The NFNAP employs statistically valid sampling plans, comprehensive quality control, and USDA analytical oversight to generate new and updated analytical data for food components. USDA food consumption and composition data were used to target those foods that are major contributors of nutrients of public health significance to the U.S. diet (454 Key Foods). Foods were ranked using a scoring system, divided into quartiles, and reviewed to determine the impact of changes in their composition compared to historical values. Foods were purchased from several types of locations, such as retail outlets and fast food restaurants in different geographic areas as determined by the sampling plan, then composited and sent for analysis to commercial laboratories and cooperators, along with quality control materials. Comparisons were made to assess differences between new NFNAP means generated from original analytical data and historical means. Recently generated results for nationally representative food samples show marked changes compared to database values for selected nutrients from unknown or non-representative sampling. A number of changes were observed in many high consumption foods, e.g. the vitamin A value for cooked carrots decreased from 1225 to 860 RAE/100 g; the fat value for fast food French fried potatoes increased by 21% (14.08-17.06 g/100 g). Trans fatty acids in margarine have decreased as companies reformulate their products in response to the required addition of trans fatty acids content on the nutrition label. Values decreased from 19.7 g/100 in 2002 to 14.8 g/100 in 2006 for 80%-fat stick margarines and to 4.52 g/100 g for 80%-fat tub margarines. These changes reflect improved strategies for sampling and analysis of representative food samples, which enhance the reliability of nutrient estimates for Key Foods and subsequent assessments of nutrient intake. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Haytowitz, David B.; Pehrsson, Pamela R.; Holden, Joanne M.] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haytowitz, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Rm 107,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.haytowitz@ars.usda.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y04 HV0051, HV0051] NR 31 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 SU S BP S94 EP S102 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 240TR UT WOS:000251610800014 PM 19578546 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, BJ Chenard, CA AF McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J. Chenard, Catherine Ann TI Meeting the needs of US dietitians for food composition data SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY SEP 19-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE dietetics; nutrition assessment; food; software; diet ID NUTRIENT DATA-BASES; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; STANDARD REFERENCE; EXCHANGE LISTS; NUTRITION; DATABASES; SYSTEM; SOFTWARE; PROGRAMS; MENU AB As the largest group of US food and nutrition experts, registered dietitians (RDs) require food composition data to make practice decisions. Uses for these data vary with the practice area, but RDs experience some common needs: (1) easy access to data, (2) continual updates with new foods and new food components important to human health, (3) simple ways to keep abreast of changes, and (4) a basic understanding of the uses and limitations of the data in various practice areas. These needs are largely being met, but gaps exist and some improvements can be made. Availability of accurate data has improved along with the technology to convert the information into useful formats for planning and evaluating diets, writing educational materials, counseling clients and conducting research. However, RDs in some settings may not have access to the technology needed to use food composition databases. Many undergraduate programs do not include courses or training about how food composition data are generated and tabulated. RDs may not know where to quickly find information or know what data are available. As food composition data continue to expand and technology advances, RDs may benefit from exploring new ways to stay abreast of changes and advocate for what is most needed in their practices. Better methods and more food composition data will support evidence-based and cost-effective dietetic practice. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J.] Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Little Rock, AR 72207 USA. [Chenard, Catherine Ann] Univ Iowa, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP McCabe-Sellers, BJ (reprint author), Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 900 S Shackleford Rd, Suite 509, Little Rock, AR 72207 USA. EM bmccabe-sellers@spa.ars.usda.gov; catherine-chenard@uiowa.edu NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 SU S BP S27 EP S34 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 240TR UT WOS:000251610800005 ER PT J AU Roseland, JM Holden, JM Andrews, KW Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Harnly, J Wolf, WR Perry, CR Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Fisher, KD Sharpless, KE AF Roseland, Janet M. Holden, Joanne M. Andrews, Karen W. Zhao, Cuiwei Schweitzer, Amy Harnly, James Wolf, Wayne R. Perry, Charles R. Dwyer, Johanna T. Picciano, Mary Frances Betz, Joseph M. Saldanha, Leila G. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Fisher, Kenneth D. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI Dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID): Preliminary USDA studies on the composition of adult multivitamin/mineral supplements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY SEP 19-20, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE dietary supplements; analytical database; DSID; multivitamin; pilot study; nutrients ID AMERICA-NHANES; EAT AB The Nutrient Data Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is collaborating with the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and other government agencies to design and populate a dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID). This analytically based, publicly available database will provide reliable estimates of vitamin and mineral content of dietary supplement (DS) products. The DSID will initially be populated with multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products because they are the most commonly consumed supplements. Challenges associated with the analysis of MVMs were identified and investigated. A pilot study addressing the identification of appropriate analytical methods, sample preparation protocols, and experienced laboratories for the analysis of 12 vitamins and 11 minerals in adult MVM supplement products was completed. Preliminary studies support the development of additional analytical studies with results that can be applied to the DSID. Total intakes from foods and supplements are needed to evaluate the associations between dietary components and health. The DSID will provide better estimates of actual nutrient intake from supplements than databases that rely on label values alone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roseland, Janet M.; Holden, Joanne M.; Andrews, Karen W.; Zhao, Cuiwei; Schweitzer, Amy] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harnly, James; Wolf, Wayne R.] USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Compos Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Perry, Charles R.] USDA, Nat Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Picciano, Mary Frances; Betz, Joseph M.; Saldanha, Leila G.; Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Fisher, Kenneth D.] US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roseland, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janct.roseland@ars.usda.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y04 HV0051]; NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 SU S BP S69 EP S77 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 240TR UT WOS:000251610800011 PM 24307755 ER PT J AU Pan, ZL Khir, R Godfrey, LD Lewis, R Thompson, JF Salim, A AF Pan, Zhongli Khir, Ragab Godfrey, Larry D. Lewis, Richard Thompson, James F. Salim, Adel TI Feasibility of simultaneous rough rice drying and disinfestations by infrared radiation heating and rice milling quality SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE rough rice; milling quality; drying; disinfestation; infrared; temperature ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; KERNELS AB The objective of this study was to investigate the drying characteristics, milling quality, and effectiveness of disinfestation of rough rice under conditions of infrared (IR) radiation heating. Freshly harvested medium grain rice (M202) samples with low (20.6%) and high (25.0%) moisture contents (MCs) were used for this study. Single-layer rough rice samples [non-infested and infested with the adults and eggs of lesser grain borers (Rhizopertha dominica) and angoumois grain moths (Sitotroga cerealella)] were heated for various durations using a catalytic IR emitter. The effects of the tempering treatment and natural and forced air cooling methods on moisture removal, milling quality and disinfestation were determined. A high heating rate and corresponding high moisture removal were achieved by using IR heating. After heating, tempering increased moisture removal during cooling and improved the milling quality of the rice samples. When 20.6% MC rice was heated by IR for 60 s, the results were a rice temperature of 61.2 degrees C, 1.7% MC removal during the heating period, and an additional 1.4% MC removal after tempering and natural cooling. In addition, the rice had 1.9% points higher head rice yield than a control sample dried with room air. The heating and tempering treatment also completely killed the tested insects. We concluded that simultaneous drying and disinfestation with high rice milling quality can be achieved by using a catalytic IR emitter to heat rough rice to 60 degrees C, followed by tempering and slow cooling. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Suez Canal Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Ismailia, Egypt. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 40 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 84 IS 3 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.06.005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 219WG UT WOS:000250118300013 ER PT J AU Srikiatden, J Roberts, JS AF Srikiatden, Jaruk Roberts, John S. TI Predicting moisture profiles in potato and carrot during convective hot air drying using isothermally measured effective diffusivity SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE drying; diffusion; potato; carrot; modeling; isothermal; convective ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VEGETABLES; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; MODEL; HEAT AB Temperature and moisture profiles were obtained from potato (1.4 and 2.8 cm diameter) and from carrot core (1.4 cm diameter) and cortex (0.7 cm diameter) during convective hot air drying at 70 degrees C and 1.5 m/s air velocity. These samples represent hygroscopic nonporous materials and remain non-porous throughout drying with porosity remaining below 0.2. To analyze moisture transfer during convective drying, a simultaneous heat and moisture transfer model was developed based on Fick's diffusion equation. What was unique about this model from previous models is that the effective diffusivity and its temperature dependence were obtained from true isothermal conditions and then applied to model the moisture profile during a lion-isothermal drying condition. The model accurately predicted moisture loss as a function of drying time and position for the potato and carrot samples during convective hot air drying and further demonstrates the importance and improved accuracy of obtaining diffusion coefficients and its temperature dependence under isothermal conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Roberts, JS (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jsr@pw.usda.gov NR 36 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 516 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.06.009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 221SK UT WOS:000250247400003 ER PT J AU Jin, T Zhang, H Boyd, G Tang, J AF Jin, Tony Zhang, Howard Boyd, Glenn Tang, Juming TI Thermal resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli K12 in liquid egg determined by thermal-death-time disks SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE kinetics; TDT disk; surrogate; liquid egg; coli; Salmonella ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INACTIVATION; PRODUCTS; STRAINS; CURVES; SYSTEM; WHITE; TUBES AB A thermal-death-time (TDT) disk was designed to evaluate microbiological inactivation kinetics by heat. A first order inactivation kinetic model is described by the D value and the z value. These kinetic data are critical in the design, operation and regulation of thermal pasteurization. D and z values of Salmonella enteritidis strain 13076 and Escherichia coli K12 in liquid whole egg and liquid egg white were determined over the temperature range from 52 to 60 degrees C. In liquid whole egg, D-54, D-56, D-58 and D-60 values of S. enteritidis strain 13076 were 5.70, 0.82, 0.27 and 0.17 min, respectively, and D-54, D-56, D-58 and D-60 values of E coli K12 were 9.10, 1.41, 0.67 and 0.22 min, respectively. In liquid egg white, D-52, D-54, D-56 and D-58 values of S. enteritidis strain 13076 were 6.12, 1.51, 0.42 and 0.19 min, respectively, and D-52, D-54, D-56 and D-58 values of E. coli K12 were 10.18, 1.82, 0.78 and 0.28 min.. respectively. The z values for S. enteritidis strain 13076 and E coli K12 ranged from 3.95 to 4.03 degrees C. The results showed that D values of S. enteritidis strain 13076 and E coli K12 in liquid whole egg were higher than those in liquid egg white. E coli K 12 exhibited similar kinetic behavior, but higher thermal resistance than S. enteritidis strain 13076 in both liquid egg white and liquid whole egg. This study demonstrated that non-pathogenic E coli K12 may serve as a surrogate for pathogenic S. enteritidis in liquid egg in the validation of a thermal pasteurization. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jin, T (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tonyjin@ars.usda.gov RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009; OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004; Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 EI 1873-5770 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 608 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.06.026 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 221SK UT WOS:000250247400015 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI AF Onwulata, Charles I. TI Baking properties of milk protein-coated wheat bran SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY FIBER; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SUGARCANE BAGASSE; PARTICLE-SIZE; DOUGH AB Increasing the dietary fiber content of formulated foods will benefit the health and nutrition of consumers. The problem is that it is difficult to add substantial amounts of dietary fiber to formulated foods. Fiber absorbs significant amounts of water from surrounding ingredients creating texture problems such as soggy and dry patches in the foods. In this study, red wheat bran milled and sieved smaller than 140 microns was coated by spraying with a 50150 emulsion of whey protein isolates (WPIs) and casein. WPI and casein emulsion was produced first by blending and shearing the milk proteins in ice and water and then evaporating under partial vacuum for 75 min at 45C. Cookies and muffins made with the milk protein-coated red wheat (MPCF) bran and the noncoated wheat bran (NCF), replacing 5, 10 and 15 wt% of the flour were compared to control cookies and muffins made without added fiber The water-holding capacity (WHC) of the MPCF and NCF was determined along with their moisture, color hardness, and volume in the baked cookies and muffins. There was a significant (P < 0.01) improvement (250%) in loss of WHC of MPCF over NCF In cookies, MPCF absorbed significantly less water and was slightly darker at 5 wt% substitution than NCF, but was between 12 to 60% higher in baked volume than the control. MPCF muffins were lighter in color and harder except for the 5 wt% muffins that were softer and higher in percent baked volume. Adding up to 15-g MPCF per 100 g batter can be added to baked cookies and muffins to increase fiber content and improve WHC and volume. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM conwulata@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 24 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2007.00162.x PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 263CA UT WOS:000253194000002 ER PT J AU Sanders, SQ Frank, JF Arnold, JW AF Sanders, Sheriase Q. Frank, Joseph F. Arnold, Judy W. TI Temperature and nutrient effects on Campylobacter jejuni attachment on multispecies biofilms on stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACTERIAL; SURFACES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; LIMITATION; ADHESION; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB Campylobacter jejuni is a thermophilic microaerophilic pathogen that is commonly found in the intestinal tract of chickens. In this study, attachment of C jejuni 1221gfp in biofilms on stainless steel was assessed at various temperatures and with reduced nutrients. Bacteria collected from a saline rinse of processed broiler chicken carcasses were used to form initial biofilms. The whole carcass rinse (WCR) biofilms were formed by incubation of the bacteria for 16 h at 13, 20, 37, and 42 degrees C on stainless steel coupons in tryptic soy broth (TSB). The resulting biofilms were stained with Hoechst 33258 stain and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. WCR biofilms formed at 13 degrees C yielded the highest surface area coverage (47.6%), and the lowest coverage (2.1%) was attained at 42 degrees C. C. jejuni transformed to produce green fluorescent protein (gfp) was allowed to attach to the preexisting biofilms (from WCR incubated for 16 h) at each of the four temperatures, and attached cells were enumerated by visualization with an epifluorescence microscope. Attachment of C. jejuni 1221gfp did not significantly differ (P > 0.05) among the four temperatures. C. jejuni 1221gfp was cultured only from coupons with biofilms formed at 13 and 20 degrees C. For nutrient limitation experiments, WCR biofilms were allowed to grow in 10- and 50-fold diluted TSB at 20 and 37 degrees C for 48 h. The WCR biofilm surface area coverage (approximately 2%) was greater at 37 degrees C than at 20 degrees C for both TSB concentrations. C. jejuni 1221gfp was incubated with the WCR biofilm for 48 It at 20 and 37 degrees C, and attached cells were enumerated. Attachment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) only for the treatments with 1:10 TSB at 20 degrees C and 1:50 TSB at 37 degrees C. Under reduced-nutrient conditions, C. jejuni 1221gfp was cultured only from biofilms formed at 20 degrees C. Under the conditions tested, the attachment of C. jejuni 1221gfp on stainless steel and biofilms was affected by a combination of temperature and nutrient availability, but C. jejuni culturability was affected solely by temperature. C1 [Sanders, Sheriase Q.; Arnold, Judy W.] Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Sanders, Sheriase Q.; Frank, Joseph F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM judy.arnold@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 259VH UT WOS:000252968500004 PM 18326175 ER PT J AU Danyluk, MD Brandl, MT Harris, LJ AF Danyluk, Michelle D. Brandl, Maria T. Harris, Linda J. TI Migration of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 30 through almond hulls and shells SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; IRRIGATION WATER; INTERNALIZATION; LETTUCE; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERICA; MANGOES; TISSUES AB The ability of Salmonella to migrate from an external aqueous environment through the almond hull and shell, and to colonize the kernel, was evaluated in two ways. First, the outer surface of shell halves from five varieties of almonds that differed in shell hardness were placed in contact with a suspension of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 30 for 24 h at 24 degrees C. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from the inside of these almond shells in 46 and 100% of the samples, by direct swabbing of the inner surface of the shell and by enrichment from the swab, respectively. These findings' suggested that hardness of the shell is not a significant factor in the migration of the pathogen through that tissue. In addition, both motile and nonmotile strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium migrated through the almond shells to the same extent under the conditions of this assay, indicating that bacterial migration through the wet shell may be a passive process. Second, whole almonds (intact hull, shell, and kernel) were soaked for 24 to 72 h at 24 degrees C in a suspension of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 30 labeled with the green fluorescent protein. Green fluorescent protein-labeled Salmonella cells were observed on the outer and inner surfaces of both the almond hull and shell, and on the kernel, by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our data provide direct evidence that wet conditions allow for Salmonella migration through the hull and shell and onto the almond kernel, thus providing a means by which almond kernels may become contaminated in the field. C1 [Danyluk, Michelle D.; Harris, Linda J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brandl, Maria T.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Danyluk, MD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM mddanyluk@ufl.edu RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 397 EP 401 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 259VH UT WOS:000252968500023 PM 18326194 ER PT J AU Renye, JA Somkuti, GA Vallejo-Cordoba, B Van Hekken, DL Gonzalez-Cordova, AF AF Renye, J. A., Jr. Somkuti, G. A. Vallejo-Cordoba, B. Van Hekken, D. L. Gonzalez-Cordova, A. F. TI Characterization of the microflora isolated from Queso Fresco made from raw and pasteurized milk SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MONTASIO CHEESE; PRODUCTS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; SPOILAGE; STRAINS AB This study characterized the microflora present in four Queso Fresco-style cheeses made from raw milk (RM) and two cheeses made from pasteurized milk (PM) obtained directly from six different producers in Mexico. Microbial isolates were initially analyzed on 8 different selective media and further analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Sequence analysis identified Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis as an isolate growing on M17 agar in four cheese samples. L. lactis ssp. lactis was the only lactic acid bacterium identified which is traditionally used as a cheese starter culture. Sequence analysis of isolates from MRS medium supplemented with vancomycin identified Leuconostoc mesenteroides in all six cheese samples. A high number of coliforms, enterococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified in all RM cheeses. The numbers of total coliform species were lower in both PM samples (by 2 log(10)), but the numbers of staphylococci were lower in only one sample (by 3 log(10)). The numbers of enterococci were high in both PM samples, and sequence analysis identified Enterococcus faecium as the only enterococcal species isolated from all six cheeses. These results suggest that L. lactis ssp. lactis, L. mesenteroides and E. faecium are species that may contribute to the organoleptic qualities of Queso Fresco-style cheeses analyzed in this study. C1 [Renye, J. A., Jr.; Somkuti, G. A.; Van Hekken, D. L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Vallejo-Cordoba, B.; Gonzalez-Cordova, A. F.] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Dept Tecnol Alimentos Origen Anim, Hermosillo 8300, Sonora, Mexico. RP Renye, JA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jrenye@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00095.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 258WC UT WOS:000252899500005 ER PT J AU Kegode, RB Doetkott, DK Khaitsa, ML Wesley, IV AF Kegode, Redempta B. Doetkott, Dawn K. Khaitsa, Margaret L. Wesley, Irene V. TI Occurrence of Campylobacter species, Salmonella species and generic Escherichia coli in meat products from retail outlets in the Fargo metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID GREATER WASHINGTON; UNITED-STATES; POULTRY MEAT; PREVALENCE; RESISTANCE; SEROVARS; JEJUNI; PORK; SPP.; DC AB Foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the United States, with Campylobacter, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella reported among the major bacterial foodborne pathogens. These organisms are often present in fresh meat and poultry with regional differences in incidence. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine occurrence of foodborne pathogens Campylobacter and Salmonella as well as generic Escherichia coli in raw meats sold in retail grocery stores in the Fargo metropolitan area of North Dakota in the Midwestern United States; and (2) to correlate observed prevalence with the product type and retail store. A total of 456 fresh raw meats (turkey, chicken, pork, beef) were purchased and tested for microbial contamination. Overall, 341 (75%) of the samples were contaminated with generic E. coli (n = 316, 72%), Campylobacter (n = 12, 2.6%) and Salmonella (n = 13, 2.9%). The meats differed significantly (P < 0.0001) in contamination rate with Campylobacter and Salmonella, but not among the five stores. C1 [Kegode, Redempta B.; Doetkott, Dawn K.; Khaitsa, Margaret L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol Sci, Coll Agr Food Syst & Nat Resources, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Wesley, Irene V.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Khaitsa, ML (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol Sci, Coll Agr Food Syst & Nat Resources, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Margaret.Khaitsa@ndsu.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00099.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 258WC UT WOS:000252899500009 ER PT J AU Ratanatriwong, P Evrendilek, GA Zhang, QH AF Ratanatriwong, P. Evrendilek, G. Akdemir Zhang, Q. H. TI Pulsed electric field processing of formulated rice pudding SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PILOT-PLANT; EGG-WHITE; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; PASTEURIZATION; INACTIVATION; SYSTEM AB The objectives of the study were to formulate a rice pudding to be processed by pulsed electric fields (PEF), define suitable PEF parameters and measure the shelf life of PEF-treated rice pudding. Rice pudding was processed by a combination of mild heat (55C for 30 s) and PEF. PEF processing parameters were 33 kV/cm electric field strength, 100 L/h flow rate, 1.47 mu s pulse duration and 500 pps repetition rate. The samples were then aseptically packed and kept at 4C for 94 days. pH, color, total aerobic plate count (TPC) and total mold and yeast count (TMY) were measured during shelf life study. pH, TPC and TMY counts showed the effectiveness of PEF system in that 55C+PEF-treated products had significantly longer shelf life than that of control group (P < 0.05). L, a, and b values for color measurement of the control and the 55C+PEF-treated samples were not significantly different (P > 0.05). C1 [Ratanatriwong, P.; Evrendilek, G. Akdemir; Zhang, Q. H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ratanatriwong, P.] Naresuan Univ Ta Poh, Fac Agr, Dept Agroind, Muang, Pitsanulok, Thailand. [Evrendilek, G. Akdemir] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Food Engn, Bolu, Turkey. [Zhang, Q. H.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Evrendilek, GA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 2015 Parker Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gevrendilek@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1745-4565 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00100.x PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 258WC UT WOS:000252899500010 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Schneider, JM AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Schneider, Jeanne M. TI Case study of multiyear precipitation variations and the hydrology of Fort Cobb Reservoir SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; VARIABILITY; TRENDS AB Impacts of decadal precipitation variations on reservoir inflow, flood releases, and pool elevation were investigated for the Fort Cobb Reservoir, which controls runoff from a 787 km 2 agricultural watershed in central Oklahoma. The difference in mean annual precipitation between multiyear dry and wet periods was 33% of the long-term mean and led to a corresponding 100% change in mean reservoir inflow, 170% change in mean annual flood releases from the reservoir, and a maximum drop in conservation pool elevation of 2 m. From a reservoir operations perspective, only the frequency of controlled flood releases was impacted by decadal precipitation variations. These flood releases were sporadic in nature, and the more frequent releases during wet periods were not believed to appreciably enhance stream habitat and riparian vegetation downstream of the reservoir. It was further reasoned that large differences in annual reservoir inflow due to decadal precipitation variations would likely be accompanied by related changes in upstream soil erosion and reservoir sediment loading. With regard to hydrologic and environmental modeling, it was argued that decadal precipitation variations had important implications for model calibration, verification, and subsequent application. Overall, this case study demonstrated watershed and reservoir hydrology were sensitive to decadal precipitation variations and suggested that decadal precipitation variations deserved careful consideration in hydrologic and water quality investigations in central Oklahoma. C1 [Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Schneider, Jeanne M.] USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov; jeanne.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:2(64) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 254DI UT WOS:000252566200003 ER PT J AU Heitman, JL Horton, R Sauer, TJ Desutter, TM AF Heitman, J. L. Horton, R. Sauer, T. J. Desutter, T. M. TI Sensible heat observations reveal soil-water evaporation dynamics SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULSE METHOD; FLUX; PROBE; TRANSPORT; CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERE; ENERGY AB Soil-water evaporation is important at scales ranging from microbial ecology to large-scale climate. Yet routine measurements are unable to capture rapidly shifting near-surface soil heat and water processes involved in soil-water evaporation. The objective of this study was to determine the depth and location of the evaporation zone within soil. Three-needle heat-pulse sensors were used to monitor soil heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and temperature below a bare soil surface in central Iowa during natural wetting/drying cycles. Soil heat flux and changes in heat storage were calculated from these data to obtain a balance of sensible heat components. The residual from this balance, attributed to latent heat from water vaporization, provides an estimate of in situ soil-water evaporation. As the soil dried following rainfall, results show divergence in the soil sensible heat flux with depth. Divergence in the heat flux indicates the location of a heat sink associated with soil-water evaporation. Evaporation estimates from the sensible heat balance provide depth and time patterns consistent with observed soil-water depletion patterns. Immediately after rainfall, evaporation occurred near the soil surface. Within 6 days after rainfall, the evaporation zone proceeded > 13 mm into the soil profile. Evaporation rates at the 3-mm depth reached peak values > 0.25 mm h(-1). Evaporation occurred simultaneously at multiple measured depth increments, but with time lag between peak evaporation rates for depths deeper below the soil surface. Implementation of finescale measurement techniques for the soil sensible heat balance provides a new opportunity to improve understanding of soil-water evaporation. C1 [Heitman, J. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Horton, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. [Sauer, T. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Desutter, T. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Heitman, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jlheitman@ncsu.edu RI Heitman, Joshua/F-8535-2010 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1175/2007JHM963.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264UZ UT WOS:000253317200010 ER PT J AU Schuster, GU Kenyon, NJ Stephensen, CB AF Schuster, Gertrud U. Kenyon, Nicholas J. Stephensen, Charles B. TI Vitamin a deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHIL TRAFFICKING; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; LUNG INFLAMMATION; BONE-MARROW; MICE; RATS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CELLS; TH1; DIFFERENTIATION AB The Th1/Th2 paradigm has become an important issue in the pathogenesis of asthma, characterized by normal Th1 and elevated Th2 cytokine expression. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can produce a Th1 bias, whereas high-level dietary vitamin A can promote a Th2 bias. We used the OVA exposure mouse model to determine the contributions of vitamin A-deficient, control (4IU/g), and high-level vitamin A (250-IU/g) diets to the development of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. VAD reduced serum IgE and IgG1 responses, pulmonary eosinophilia, and the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, whereas the 250-IU/g diet increased serum IgE. Also, VAD blocked pulmonary hyperresponsiveness following methacholine challenge while the 250-IU/g diet exacerbated pulmonary hyperresponsiveness. In conclusion, VAD diminished and high-level dietary vitamin A enhanced the development of experimental asthma in this model system. These data suggest that excessive intake of vitamin A may increase the risk or severity of asthma in industrialized countries whereas vitamin A deficiency continues to increase mortality from infectious diseases in developing countries. C1 [Schuster, Gertrud U.; Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kenyon, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schuster, GU (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gschuster@ucdavis.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K08 HL 076415]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 50863] NR 49 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 180 IS 3 BP 1834 EP 1842 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 255BY UT WOS:000252632900060 PM 18209081 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Licciardello, G Catara, V AF Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Ashby, Richard D. Licciardello, Grazia Catara, Vittoria TI Genetic organization of pha gene locus affects phaC expression, poly(hydroxyalkanoate) composition and granule morphology in Pseudomonas corrugata SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pha genes; PHA synthase; PHA depolymerase ID POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE SYNTHASES PHAC1; BIOSYNTHESIS GENES; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CLONING; OLEOVORANS; RESINOVORANS; MEDITERRANEA; POLYESTERS; STRAIN AB The complete sequence of the pha locus responsible for the biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) in Pseudomonas corrugata 388 was determined. As with the other known pseudomonad pha gene loci, the one in P. corrugata 388 also consists of phaC1 (1,680 bps; PHA synthase 1), phaZ (858 bp; PHA depolymerase) and phaC2 (1,683 bp; PHA synthase 2) genes. A BLAST search showed that the nucleotide sequences of these genes and the amino-acid sequences of their respective gene products are homologous to those of P. corrugata CFBP5454 and P. mediterranea CFBP5447. A putative intrinsic transcription terminator consisting of a dyad symmetry (24 bp; Delta G = -41.8 kcals) that precedes a stretch of dA residues was located in the phaC1-phaZ intergenic region. P. corrugata mutant-clones XI 32-1 and XI 32-4 were constructed in which this intergenic region was replaced with a selectable kanamycin-resistance gene. These mutant clones when grown on oleic acid for 48 h showed 4.7-to 7.0-fold increases of phaC1 and phaC2 relative expression in comparison to the initial inoculants, whereas the parental strain showed only 1.2- to 1.4-fold increases. Furthermore, in comparison to parental P. corrugata with only a few large PHA inclusion bodies, the mutants grown on oleic acid produce numerous smaller PHA granules that line the periphery of the cells. With glucose as a substrate, XI 32-1 and XI 32-4 clones produce mcl-PHA with a high content (26-31 mol%) of the mono-unsaturated 3-hydroxydodecenoate as a repeat-unit monomer. Our results show for the first time the effects of the phaC1-phaZ intergenic region on the substrate-dependent temporal expression of phaC1 and phaC2 genes, the repeat-unit composition of mcl-PHA, and the morphology of the PHA granules. C1 [Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.; Ashby, Richard D.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Licciardello, Grazia; Catara, Vittoria] Univ Catania, Dept Sci & Technol Fitosanitarie, I-95123 Catania, Italy. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dan.solaiman@ars.usda.gov RI CATARA, VITTORIA/J-6882-2012 OI CATARA, VITTORIA/0000-0001-8076-258X NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0272-y PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 248YC UT WOS:000252192100005 PM 17987331 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Skinner-Nemec, KA Leathers, TD AF Liu, Siqing Skinner-Nemec, Kelly A. Leathers, Timothy D. TI Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 converts a concentrated mixture of xylose and glucose into ethanol and other products SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol tolerance; mixed sugar fermentation; xylose; Phenotype Microarray; Lactobacillus buchneri; lactate ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; AEROBIC STABILITY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; SILAGE FERMENTATION; MAIZE SILAGE; CORN-SILAGE; DAIRY-COWS; METABOLISM; BREVIS; YIELD AB Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 was isolated from a fuel ethanol production facility. This heterofermentative, facultative anaerobe can utilize xylose as a sole carbon source and tolerates up to 12% ethanol. Carbohydrate utilization (API, Biomerieux) and Phenotype Microarrays (TM) (PM, Biolog) analyses indicated that the strain is able to metabolize a broad spectrum of carbon sources including various monosaccharides (C5 and C6), disaccharides and oligosaccharides, with better rates under anaerobic conditions. In pH-controlled bioreactors, the bacterium consumed xylose and glucose simultaneously at high concentrations (125 g L-1, pH 6.0). The major fermentation products were lactate (52 g L-1), acetate (26 g L-1) and ethanol (12 g L-1). The strain ferments glucose alone (pH 4.0) into lactate and ethanol with a molar ratio of 1.03:1. This strain will be further explored via genetic engineering for potential applications in biomass conversion. C1 [Liu, Siqing; Skinner-Nemec, Kelly A.; Leathers, Timothy D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM siqing.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP CP4 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0267-8 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 248YC UT WOS:000252192100001 ER PT J AU Schmid, MR Brockmann, A Pirk, CWW Stanley, DW Tautz, J AF Schmid, Martin R. Brockmann, Axel Pirk, Christian W. W. Stanley, David W. Tautz, Juergen TI Adult honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) abandon hemocytic, but not phenoloxidase-based immunity SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honeybee; Apis mellifera; hemoctye; phenoloxidase; division of labor; worker; queen; drone ID PROPHENOLOXIDASE-ACTIVATING SYSTEM; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; BUMBLE-BEE; DEFENSE; VITELLOGENIN; WORKERS; INSECT; LONGEVITY; LARVAE AB Hemocytes and the (prophenol-) phenoloxidase system constitute the immediate innate immune system in insects. These components of insect immunity are present at any post-embryonic life stage without previous infection. Differences between individuals and species in these immune parameters can reflect differences in infection risk, life expectancy, and biological function. In honeybees which show an age-related division of labor within the worker caste, previous studies demonstrated that foragers show a strongly reduced number of hemoctyes compared to the younger nurse bees. This loss of immune competence has been regarded advantageous with respect to an already high mortality rate due to foraging and to redistribution of energy costs at the colony level. Based on the idea that abandoning hemocytes in all adults would be a reasonably direct regulatory mechanism, we posed the hypothesis that abandoning hemocytic immunity is not restricted to worker honeybees. We tested our hypotheses by performing a comprehensive analysis of hemocyte number and phenoloxidase (PO)-activity levels in immunologically naive workers, queens, and drones. We found that in all three adult phenotypes hemocyte number is dramatically reduced in early adult life. In contrast, we found that the dynamics of PO-activity levels have sex and caste-specific characteristics. In workers, PO activity reached a plateau within the first week of adult life, and in queens enzyme levels continuously increased with age and reached levels twice as high as those found in workers. PO-activity levels slightly declined with age in drones. These data support our hypothesis, from which we infer that the previously reported reduction of hemocyte in foragers is not worker specific but represents a general phenomenon occurring in all honeybee adult phenotypes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmid, Martin R.; Brockmann, Axel; Pirk, Christian W. W.; Tautz, Juergen] Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, BEEgrp, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Pirk, Christian W. W.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Stanley, David W.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Brockmann, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM abrockma@life.uiuc.edu RI Pirk, Christian /E-4180-2010; Schmid, Martin/M-3802-2014 OI Pirk, Christian /0000-0001-6821-7044; NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.11.002 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 265JW UT WOS:000253355900014 PM 18164310 ER PT J AU Duan, WJ Ren, H Fu, SL Guo, QF Wang, J AF Duan, Wen-Jun Ren, Hai Fu, Sheng-Lei Guo, Qin-Feng Wang, Jun TI Pathways and determinants of early spontaneous vegetation succession in degraded lowland of South China SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE degraded lowland; ecological restoration; soil; spontaneous succession ID RESTORATION; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; SCALE; LAND; FIRE AB Continuous and prolonged human disturbances have caused severe degradation of a large portion of lowland in South China, and how to restore such degraded ecosystems becomes an increasing concern. The process and mechanisms of spontaneous succession, which plays an important role in vegetation restoration, have not been adequately examined. To identify the pathways of early spontaneous vegetation succession, 41 plots representing plant communities abandoned over different times were established and investigated. The communities and indicator species of the vegetation were classified by analyzing the important values of plant species using multivariate analyses. The results indicated that the plant species could be classified into nine plant communities representing six succession stages. The pathway and species composition also changed in the process of succession. We also measured 13 environmental variables of microtopography, soil structure and soil nutrition in each plot to examine the driving forces of succession and the vegetation-environment relationships. Our results showed that the environmental variables changed in diverse directions, and that soil bulk density, soil water capacity and soil acidity were the most important factors. C1 [Duan, Wen-Jun; Ren, Hai; Fu, Sheng-Lei; Wang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Heshan Hilly Land Interdisciplinary Expt Stn, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. [Duan, Wen-Jun; Wang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qin-Feng] USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Heshan Hilly Land Interdisciplinary Expt Stn, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009; Fu, Shenglei/B-2729-2012 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9072 EI 1744-7909 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00603.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 260ZY UT WOS:000253050100003 PM 18713436 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Horton, DR Jones, DC AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Horton, David R. Jones, Dana C. TI The effect of temperature and duration of exposure of potato tuber moth (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) in infested tubers to the biofumigant fungus Muscodor albus SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Muscodor albus; Phthorimaea operculella; potato tuber moth; biofumigant; microbial control ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENDOPHYTE; DISEASES; MOLD; ROT AB The endophytic fungus, Muscodor albus produces several volatile compounds (alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and lipids) that are biocidal for a range of organisms including plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, nematodes and insects. We studied the effects of these volatiles on 3-day-old potato tuber moth larvae within infested tubers inside sealed chambers. The length of exposure to M. albus significantly affected mortality of larvae, calculated as percentage of larvae failing to survive to the adult stage. Exposure durations of 3, 7, or 14 days at 24 degrees C followed by incubation in fresh air at 27 degrees C until emergence resulted in mortalities of 84.2, 95.5 and 99.6%, respectively. However, the longer exposures also resulted in increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that are unacceptable for tuber storage. Effects of M. albus on larval survival was also monitored at 10, 15 and 24 degrees C, using an exposure duration of 7 days followed by incubation in clean air at 27 degrees C until emergence. Mortality of larvae was sharply reduced at the lower temperatures resulting in 50.8, 76.8, and 95.4% mortality, respectively. Tuber storage conditions, especially cooling rates, are discussed with respect to using M. albus as a fumigant without simultaneously producing unacceptable (for tuber storage) levels of CO2. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.; Horton, David R.; Jones, Dana C.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 97 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.08.004 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 260FZ UT WOS:000252997500010 PM 17897669 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Evans, JD Smith, IB Pettis, JS AF Chen, Yanping Evans, Jay D. Smith, I. Bart Pettis, Jeffery S. TI Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nosema disease; honey bee; Apis mellifera; Apis cerana; Nosema ceranae; Nosema apis; rRNA ID HYMENOPTERA; PARASITE; APIDAE AB Honey bee samples collected between 1995 and 2007 from 12 states were examined for the presence of Nosema infections. Our results showed that Nosema ceranae is a wide-spread infection of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera in the United States. The discovery of N. ceranae in bees collected a decade ago indicates that N. ceranae was transferred from its original host, Apis cerana to A. mellifera earlier than previously recognized. The spread of N. ceranae infection in A. mellifera warrants further epidemiological studies to identify conditions that resulted in such a widespread infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.; Smith, I. Bart; Pettis, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeff.Pettis@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 17 TC 154 Z9 168 U1 4 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 97 IS 2 BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.07.010 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 260FZ UT WOS:000252997500014 PM 17880997 ER PT J AU Toledo, AV Humber, RA Lastra, CCL AF Toledo, A. V. Humber, R. A. Lastra, C. C. Lopez TI First and southernmost records of Hirsutella (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) and Pandora (Zygomycota : Entomophthorales) species infecting Dermaptera and Psocodea SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark lice; booklice; Dermaptera; earwigs; entomopathogenic fungi; Entomophthorales; Hypocreales; psocids; Psocodea; South America ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA PSOCOPTERA; FORFICULA-AURICULARIA DERMAPTERA; BEHAVIOR AB We present the first and southernmost records of the fungi Hirsutella strigosa Petch, H. citriformis Speare (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), and Pandora nouryi (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber (Zygomycota: Entomophthorales) infecting Doru lineare (Eschscholtz) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Ectopsocus californicus (Banks) (Psocodea: Ectopsocidae), and Heterocaecilius sp. (Psocodea: Pseudocaeciliidae), respectively. This is the first report of naturally occurring pathogenic fungi infecting Psocoptera, and it is also the first report of P. nouryi from any host outside of the Aphididae. The three fungal species were morphologically described from their host insects and from microscopic preparations. Attempts to obtain pure fungal isolates were unsuccessful but slides and photographs of these fungi were preserved and deposited in mycological collections as herbarium material. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Toledo, A. V.; Lastra, C. C. Lopez] UNLP CONICET, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Humber, R. A.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Toledo, AV (reprint author), UNLP CONICET, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, Calle 2 Nro 584 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM atoledo@cepave.edu.ar NR 18 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 97 IS 2 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.09.001 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 260FZ UT WOS:000252997500016 PM 17949742 ER PT J AU Gorresen, PM Miles, AC Todd, CM Bonaccorso, FJ Weller, TJ AF Gorresen, P. Marcos Miles, Adam C. Todd, Christopher M. Bonaccorso, Frank J. Weller, Theodore J. TI Assessing bat detectability and occupancy with multiple automated echolocation detectors SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic detection; Anabat; bat; detection probability; echolocation; occupancy; sampling design ID FORAGING HABITAT; SITE OCCUPANCY; BOREAL FOREST; PROBABILITIES; AVAILABILITY; POPULATIONS; DESIGN; RATES AB Occupancy analysis and its ability to account for differential detection probabilities is important for studies in which detecting echolocation calls is used as a measure of bat occurrence and activity. We examined the feasibility of remotely acquiring bat encounter histories to estimate detection probability and occupancy. We used echolocation detectors coupled to digital recorders operating at a series of proximate sites on consecutive nights in 2 trial surveys for the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus). Our results confirmed that the technique is readily amenable for use in occupancy analysis. We also conducted a simulation exercise to assess the effects of sampling effort on parameter estimation. The results indicated that the precision and bias of parameter estimation were often more influenced by the number of sites sampled than number of visits. Acceptable accuracy often was not attained until at least 15 sites or 15 visits were used to estimate detection probability and occupancy. The method has significant potential for use in monitoring trends in bat activity and in comparative studies of habitat use. C1 [Gorresen, P. Marcos; Miles, Adam C.; Todd, Christopher M.; Bonaccorso, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit,PACRC,UH Hilo, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Weller, Theodore J.] USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Gorresen, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit,PACRC,UH Hilo, Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM nigorresen@usgs.gov RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 55 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-022.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266WJ UT WOS:000253467900002 ER PT J AU Anderson, DP Forester, JD Turner, MG AF Anderson, Dean P. Forester, James D. Turner, Monica G. TI When to slow down: Elk residency rates on a heterogeneous landscape SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE canis lupus; Cervus elaphus; cross validation; heterogeneity; life-history strategies; predation; resource selection ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; MULE DEER; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; BEHAVIORAL DECISIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HABITAT SELECTION; WOODLAND CARIBOU AB It remains unclear if patterns of habitat use are driven by animals moving to and increasing residency time in selected areas, or by animals simply returning frequently to selected areas. We studied a population of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin, to examine how spatial and temporal factors influence residency time in localized areas. We used global positioning system telemetry data from 7 elk and addressed 2 questions. First, does residency time vary as a function of spatial and temporal factors and if so does that relationship vary with measurement scale? Second, can residency time in the summer be predicted by a resource-selection map previously constructed for this population? Cross validation demonstrated that the statistical models had very poor predictive strength of independent data, which indicates that the explanatory variables have very little influence on elk residency time. Resources are patchily distributed on this landscape, and results demonstrate that elk preferentially use areas with high resource-selection function values. Unexpectedly, residency time was unrelated to values of re source-selection functions, which indicates that elk do not slow down in preferred areas. We conclude that patterns of elk habitat use are not driven by residency time but by elk returning frequently to favorable areas on the landscape. Random residency times may be a behavioral mechanism to lower predictability on the landscape and reduce predation risk. C1 [Forester, James D.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Integrating Stat & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Turner, Monica G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anderson, Dean P.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Anderson, DP (reprint author), Landcare Res, POB 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. EM andersond@landcareresearch.co.nz RI Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Forester, James/A-3298-2012 OI Forester, James/0000-0002-5392-9556 NR 70 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-035.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266WJ UT WOS:000253467900013 ER PT J AU Smith, JC Maret, W AF Smith, J. Cecil, Jr. Maret, Wolfgang TI Walter Mertz (1923-2002) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Smith, J. Cecil, Jr.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Maret, Wolfgang] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Maret, Wolfgang] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Anesthesiol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Smith, JC (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zincdr@aol.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 138 IS 2 BP 247 EP 249 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 255TU UT WOS:000252681200002 PM 18203886 ER PT J AU Pond, WG Mersmann, HJ Su, DR McGlone, JJ Wheeler, MB Smith, EO AF Pond, Wilson G. Mersmann, Harry J. Su, Dairong McGlone, John J. Wheeler, Matthew B. Smith, E. O'Brian TI Neonatal dietary cholesterol and Alleles of cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase affect piglet cerebrum weight, cholesterol concentration and behavior SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; MENTAL-DEVELOPMENT; TERM INFANTS; GROWTH; PIGS; RAT AB This experiment was designed to test the effect of polymorphism in the cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase(CYP7) gene locus and dietary cholesterol (C) on cerebrum C in neonatal pigs fed sow's milk formulas. Thirty-six pigs (18 male and 18 female) genetically selected for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma total C were weaned at 24-36 h after birth and assigned in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 diets (0 or 0.5% C), 2 sexes, and 2 genotypes (HG and LG). Individually housed pigs consumed diets ad libitum for 42 d. Open-field behavior was tested at wk 2 and 4. All pigs were killed at 42 d of age, the cerebrum was weighed, and C content and concentration measured. All data were analyzed by general linear model ANOVA. Cerebrum weight was greater in HG than LG pigs (P< 0.03) but was not affected by diet or sex. Pigs fed C tended to have a higher cerebrum C concentration than those deprived (P= 0.12). At 2 wk, LG pigs explored a novel open-field environment less often (P < 0.001) than did HG pigs. At 4 wk, some LG pigs explored the open field but fewer (P < 0.001) vs. HG pigs retreated back to the safe area. There were no genotype x diet, genotype x sex, or diet x sex interactions affecting cerebrum weight, or C content or concentration. Polymorphism in the CYP7 gene locus affected cerebrum weight and behavior and dietary C tended to increase cerebrum C concentration in neonatal pigs. These findings in neonatal pigs have considerable potential importance in human infant nutrition and behavioral development. C1 [Pond, Wilson G.; Mersmann, Harry J.; Su, Dairong; Smith, E. O'Brian] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [McGlone, John J.] Texas Tech Univ, Pork Ind Inst, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wheeler, Matthew B.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pond, WG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wgp3@cornell.edu OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0001-5589-357X NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 138 IS 2 BP 282 EP 286 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 255TU UT WOS:000252681200008 PM 18203892 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Hill, DE Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Bandini, LA Kwok, OCH Pierce, V Kelly, K Dulin, M Thulliez, R Iwueke, C Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Hill, D. E. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Bandini, L. A. Kwok, O. C. H. Pierce, V. Kelly, K. Dulin, M. Thulliez, R. Iwueke, C. Su, C. TI Endemic toxoplasmosis in pigs on a farm in Maryland: Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC TESTS; HIGH PREVALENCE; TISSUE CYSTS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; MICE; CATS; SEROPREVALENCE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii was investigated on a poorly managed pig farm in Maryland. Serum and tissue samples from 48 of the 100 pigs on the farm were available for T. gondii evaluation. Serological testing was performed using both ELISA and the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were detected by ELISA in 12 of 48 animals, while antibodies were detected in 34 of 48 pigs by MAT with titers of]A 0 in 1, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 7, 1:80 in 3, 1:160 in 8, 1:320 in 3, 1:640 in 4, and 1: 1,280 in 4. Hearts of 16 pigs with MAT titers of 1: 10 or higher were bioassayed for T. gondii in cats; I I cats shed T. gondii oocysts. Hearts of 22 pigs were autolyzed and bioassayed only in mice; T. gondii was isolated from 3 of these 22 pigs. Genetic typing of the 14 T. gondii isolates using the SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico loci revealed 4 genotypes; 10 isolates belonged to type 11 lineage (genotypes I and 2), 3 belonged to genotype 3, and 1 belonged to genotype 4. Genotype 1 and 2 have type II alleles at all genetic loci, except the former has type II allele and the latter has a type I allele at locus Apico. Both genotypes I and 2 are considered to belong to the clonal type II lineages. Genotype 3 and 4 are nonclonal isolates. Results document high prevalence of T. gondii in pigs on a farm in Maryland. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Hill, D. E.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Bandini, L. A.; Kwok, O. C. H.] USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pierce, V.; Kelly, K.; Dulin, M.] USDA, Maryland Dept Agr, Frederick Anim Hlth Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Thulliez, R.] Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. [Iwueke, C.; Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1645/GE-1312.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700006 PM 18372619 ER PT J AU Dubey, JR Quirk, T Pitt, JA Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Kwok, OCH Leclair, D Hill, R Su, C AF Dubey, J. R. Quirk, T. Pitt, J. A. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Kwok, O. C. H. Leclair, D. Hill, R. Su, C. TI Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (Procyon lotor), cats (Felis domesticus), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), black bear (Ursus americanus), and cougar (Puma concolor) from Canada SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SOUTH-AMERICA; SEA OTTERS; ATYPICAL GENOTYPES; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; DRINKING-WATER; SAO-PAULO; STRAINS; PREVALENCE AB Viable Toxoplasma gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from tissues of 2 feral cats (Felis domesticus), 2 raccoons (Procyon lotor), a skunk (Mephitis mephitis) trapped in remote locations in Manitoba, Canada, and a black bear (Ursus americanus) from Kuujjuaq, northern Quebec, Canada. Genotyping of these T. gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and an apicoplast market Apico revealed 4 genotypes. None of the isolates was clonal archetypal Types I, II, and III found in the United States. These results are in contrast with the Type It genotype that is widespread in domestic animals and humans throughout the United States and Europe. This is the first genotyping of T. gondii isolates from this part of North America. C1 [Dubey, J. R.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Kwok, O. C. H.] USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Quirk, T.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Pitt, J. A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Leclair, D.] Makivik Corp, Nunavik Res Ctr, Kuujjuaq, PQ JOM 1MO, Canada. [Hill, R.; Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JR (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubpy@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1645/GE-1349.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700007 PM 18372620 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Huong, LTT Lawson, BWL Subekti, DT Tassi, P Cabaj, W Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Huong, Lam Thi Thu Lawson, B. W. L. Subekti, D. T. Tassi, P. Cabaj, W. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens in Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; BRAZIL; SHEEP; INFECTION; PORTUGAL AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence of the parasite's oocysts in soil because chicken feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in free-range chickens from Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and Vietnam was determined using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 41 (64%) of 64 chickens from Ghana, 24 (24.4%) of 98 chickens from Indonesia, 10 (12.5%) of 80 chickens from Italy, 6 (30%) of 20 chickens from Poland, and 81 (24.2%) of 330 chickens from Vietnam. Hearts and brains of chickens were bioassayed for T. gondii. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 2 chickens from Ghana, 1 chicken from Indonesia, 3 chickens from Italy, 2 chickens from Poland, and 1 chicken from Vietnam. Toxoplasma gondii isolates from 9 chickens were genotyped using 10 PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. A total of 7 genotypes was identified; the 3 isolates from chickens from Italy were clonal type 11, and the others were nonclonal. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from animals from these countries. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Kwok, O. C. H.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parast Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huong, Lam Thi Thu] Univ Agr & Forestry, Fac Med Vet, Dept Parasitol & Pathobiol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Subekti, D. T.] Res Inst Vet Sci, Bonor 16114, Indonesia. [Tassi, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Sanita & Benessere Anim, I-70010 Valenzano, Italy. [Cabaj, W.] Polish Acad Sci, Witold Stefanski Inst Parasitol, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parast Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitenderdubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1645/GE-1362.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700010 PM 18372623 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC O'Brien, CN Trout, JM AF Jenkins, Mark C. O'Brien, Celia N. Trout, James M. TI Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by dot-blotting using monoclonal antibodies to Cryptosporidium parvum virus 40-kDa capsid protein SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES; CELL-ATTACHMENT PROTEIN; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; NATURAL-WATERS; PCR DETECTION; CULTURE-PCR; METHOD-1623; GIARDIA; ASSAY; SURFACE AB Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were prepared against the 40-kDa capsid protein of Cryptosporidium parvum virus (CPV) by immunizing mice with purified recombinant CPV40 protein. In immunoblotting analysis, MAbCPV40-1 bound to a 40-kDa protein in extracts of C. parvum oocysts. This 40-kDa protein was localized in the sporozoite cytoplasm by immunofluorescence (IFA) staining with MAbCPV40-1. In it dot-blot assay, MAbCPV40-1 was capable of detecting 102 non-bleach-treated and 10(2)-10(3) bleach-treated C. parvum oocysts. MAbCPV40-1 was capable of detecting CPV40 antigen in both soluble and total C. parvum oocyst protein extracts, indicating a potential use for detecting this parasite in environmental samples. C1 [Jenkins, Mark C.; O'Brien, Celia N.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Trout, James M.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1645/GE-1313.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700013 PM 18372626 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Fair, PA Bossart, GD Santin, M AF Fayer, R. Fair, P. A. Bossart, G. D. Santin, M. TI Examination of naturally exposed bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) for Microsporidia, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1ST DETECTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SOUTH FLORIDA; RINGED SEALS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; GENOTYPES AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) captured in the estuarine waters off the coasts of South Carolina and Florida were examined for the presence of Microsporidia, Cryptosporidium sp., and Giardia sp. DNA extracted from feces or rectal swabs was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using parasite-specific small subunit ribosomal RNA gene primers. All positive specimens were subjected to gene sequence analysis. Of 83 dolphins, 17 were positive for Microsporidia. None was positive for Cryptosporidium or Giardia. Gene sequence data for each of the positive specimens were compared with data in GenBank. Fourteen specimens were found similar to, but not identical to, the microsporidian species Kabatana takedai, Tetramicra brevifilum and Microgemma tinca, reported front fish, and possibly represent parasites of fish eaten by dolphins. Gene sequence data from 3 other specimens had similar to 87% similarity to Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a species known primarily to infect humans and a variety of terrestrial mammals, including livestock, companion animals, and wildlife. It is not clear if these specimens represent a species from a terrestrial source or a closely related species unique to dolphins. There were neither clinical signs nor age- or gender-related patterns apparent with the presence of these organisms. C1 [Fayer, R.; Santin, M.] USDA, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fair, P. A.] NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bossart, G. D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ronald.fayer@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1645/GE-1262.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700020 PM 18372633 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Abrams, A Ezenwa, VO AF Hoberg, Eric P. Abrams, Arthur Ezenwa, Vanessa O. TI An exploration of diversity among the ostertagiinae (Nematoda : Trichostrongyloidea) in ungulates from sub-saharan Africa with a proposal for a new genus SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DAMALISCUS-DORCAS-DORCAS; CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE; N-SP NEMATODA; ARTHROPOD PARASITES; PELEA-CAPREOLUS; FAMILY TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS; TRAGELAPHUS-ANGASII AB Abomasal nematodes (Ostertagiine: Trichostrongyloidea) representing a previously unrecognized genus and species are reported in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) from Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa. Africanastrongylus buceros gen. nov. et sp. nov. is characterized by a symmetrical tapering synlophe in the cervical region and a maximum of 60 ridges in males and females. Bursal structure is 2-2-1, with subequal Rays 4/5, massive Rays 8, and Rays 9/10, and a massive dorsal lobe that is reduced in length, laterally and dorsally inflated, and positioned ventral to externodorsal rays. Spicules are tripartite, and the gubernaculum is broadly alate in the anterior. A proconus is present. Among ostertagiines with a 2-2-1 bursa (Cervicaprastrongylus, Hyostrongylus, Mazamastrongylus, Sarwaria, Spiculopteragia, and Teladorsagia) specimens of Africanastrongylus are differentiated from respective genera based on the structure of the cervical synlophe, patterns of dorsal, externodorsal, lateral, and ventral rays, and configuration of the genital cone, gubernaculum, and spicules. Among 13 genera of the Ostertagiinae in the global fauna, 3 are entirely limited in distribution to Africa, including Africanastrongylus, Longistrongylus, and Pseudomarshallagia. Another 5 genera including Cervicaprastrongylus, Hyostrongylus, Marshallagia, Ostertagia, and Teladorsagia are represented as mosaics, with diversity centered in Eurasia or the Holarctic. Genera not represented in the African fauna include Camelostrongylus among Caprinae and some Antelopinae from Eurasia, Mazamastrongylus and Spiculopteragia in Cervidae from the Holarctic and Eurasia, respectively, Orloffia in Cervidae and Bovidae from the Holarctic, and Sarwaria among Tragulidae and Bovinae in southern Asia. The diverse nature of the ostertagiine fauna, with a disproportionate number of endemic genera relative to other regions of the northern hemisphere, may reflect the timing of episodic expansion events for artiodactyls into Africa from Eurasia during the Tertiary and Quaternary. C1 [Hoberg, Eric P.; Abrams, Arthur; Ezenwa, Vanessa O.] USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eric.hoberg@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 230 EP 251 DI 10.1645/GE-1295.1 PG 22 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700034 PM 18372646 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Bal, MS Kaur, MK Sandhu, KS Dubey, JP AF Sharma, S. Bal, M. S. Kaur, Meenakshi K. Sandhu, K. S. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs in India SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; OOCYSTS; LATRANS AB Neospora caninum is one of most important causes of abortion in cattle worldwide, and dogs are an important risk factor for N. caninum infection in cattle. Antibodies to N. caninum were determined in 184 (126 rural, 58 urban) dogs from the Punjab State, India, using commercial monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA and found in 16.8% of the animals. The prevalence of N. caninum antibodies was significantly higher in rural dogs (21.4%, 27 of 126) than city dogs (6.9%, 4 of 58). To our knowledge this is the first report of N. caninum infection in canines from India. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sharma, S.; Bal, M. S.; Kaur, Meenakshi K.; Sandhu, K. S.] Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Vet Med, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 303 EP 304 DI 10.1645/GE-1360.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700046 PM 18372658 ER PT J AU Ristic, Z Bukovnik, U Momcilovic, I Fu, JM Prasad, PVV AF Ristic, Zoran Bukovnik, Urska Momcilovic, Ivanal Fu, Jianming Prasad, P. V. Vara TI Heat-induced accumulation of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, EF-Tu, in winter wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplast EF-Tu; heat stress; heat tolerance; Triticum aestivum ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; SHOCK PROTEINS; INTACT LEAVES; MAIZE; LEAF; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOLERANCE; DAMAGE AB Chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, EF-Tu, has been implicated in heat tolerance in maize (Zea mays). Chloroplast EF-Tu is highly conserved, and it is possible that this protein may be of importance to heat tolerance in other species including wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, we assessed heat tolerance and determined the relative levels of EF-Tu in mature plants (at flowering stage) of 12 cultivars of winter wheat experiencing a 16-d-long heat treatment (36/30 degrees C, day/night temperature). In addition, we also investigated the expression of EF-Tu in young plants experiencing a short-term heat shock (4 In at 43 degrees C). Heat tolerance was assessed by examining the stability of thylakoid membranes, measuring chlorophyll content, and assessing plant growth traits (shoot dry mass, plant height, titter number, and ear number). In mature plants, relative levels of EF-Tu were determined after 7 d of heat stress. High temperature-induced accumulation of EF-Tu in mature plants of all cultivars, and a group of cultivars that showed greater accumulation of EF-Tu displayed better tolerance to heat stress. Young plants of all cultivars but one did not show significant increases in the relative levels of EF-Tu. The results of the study suggest that EF-Tu protein may play a rote in heat tolerance in winter wheat. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Ristic, Zoran] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bukovnik, Urska; Momcilovic, Ivanal; Fu, Jianming; Prasad, P. V. Vara] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ristic, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM zoran.ristic@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012 OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 165 IS 2 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.03.003 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 262EM UT WOS:000253131800007 PM 17498838 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO List, GR AF Adlof, R. O. List, G. R. TI Synthesis and physical properties of symmetrical and non-symmetrical triacylglycerols containing two palmitic fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Triacylglycerols; cis; trans; synthesis; palmitic; oleic; elaidic; linoleic; linolenic; NMR; SFC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; METHYL-ESTERS; POLYMORPHISM; GLYCERIDES; BEHAVIOR; POP AB A series of symmetrical ABA) and non-symmetrical (AAB) triacylglycerol (TAG) isomers containing "A," palmitic (P; 16: 0) acid, and "B," either oleic (O; 9c-18: 1), elaidic ( E; 9t-18: 1), linoleic (L; 9c, 12c-18:2) or linolenic (Ln; 9c, 12c, 15c-18:3) fatty acids were synthesized by esterification of the thermodynamically more-stable 1,3di- or 1(3)-monoacylglycerols[1,3-DAG or 1(3)-MAG], respectively. 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol(1,3P-DAG) was esterified with O, L or Ln acid to prepare the symmetrical TAG isomers POP, PLP and PLnP, while the O-E-, L- and Ln-1(3) MAG precursors, synthesized or obtained commercially, were esterified with P acid to prepare the non-symmetrical TAG isomers OPP, EPP, LPP and LnPP, respectively. The drop point( s), solid fat content and melting point values of the synthesized TAG were determined. The 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol (1,3P-DAG) and 1(3)P-MAG precursors were prepared, in multi-gram quantities, by partial glycerolysis (glycerol/p-toluenesulfonic acid) of tripalmitin. After fractionation by silica gel chromatography, the 1(3)P-MAG and 1,3P-DAG isomers (ca. 80% of total MAG or DAG) were purified (> 98%) by crystallization from acetone [silver ion-HPLC was utilized to determine the structural purities of the DAG (or MAG) precursors, and the synthesized TAG]. Esterification of the appropriate, thermodynamically more-stable MAG or DAG precursors was found to be a very versatile method for synthesis (in 80-90% yields) of multi-gram (3-5 g) quantities of symmetrical and non-symmetrical TAG isomers, in chemical and structural purities of > 96 and 97-99%, respectively. C1 [Adlof, R. O.; List, G. R.] USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Adlof@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1173-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 250KA UT WOS:000252297500001 ER PT J AU Wang, J Endreny, TA Nowak, DJ AF Wang, Jun Endreny, Theodore A. Nowak, David J. TI Mechanistic simulation of tree effects in an urban water balance model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE UFORE-Hydro; TOPMODEL; canopy interception; runoff reduction; urban forest management; Baltimore; Maryland ID RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; PART 1; FOREST; AREA; INFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; TOPMODEL; STORAGE; RUTTER AB A semidistributed, physical-based Urban Forest Effects - Hydrology (UFORE-Hydro) model was created to simulate and study tree effects on urban hydrology and guide management of urban runoff at the catchment scale. The model simulates hydrological processes of precipitation, interception, evaporation, infiltration, and runoff using data inputs of weather, elevation, and land cover along with nine channel, soil, and vegetation parameters. Weather data are pre-processed by UFORE using Penman-Monteith equations to provide potential evaporation terms for open water and vegetation. Canopy interception algorithms modified established routines to better account for variable density urban trees, short vegetation, and seasonal growth phenology. Actual evaporation algorithms allocate potential energy between leaf surface storage and transpiration from soil storage. Infiltration algorithms use a variable rain rate Green-Ampt formulation and handle both infiltration excess and saturation excess ponding and runoff. Stream discharge is the sum of surface runoff and TOPMODEL-based subsurface flow equations. Automated calibration routines that use observed discharge has been coupled to the model. Once calibrated, the model can examine how alternative tree management schemes impact urban runoff. UFORE-Hydro model testing in the urban Dead Run catchment of Baltimore, Maryland, illustrated how trees significantly reduce runoff for low intensity and short duration precipitation events. C1 [Wang, Jun; Endreny, Theodore A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm Resources & Forest Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Nowak, David J.] Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm Resources & Forest Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM te@esf.edu OI Endreny, Theodore/0000-0002-1891-261X NR 63 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00139.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 258CT UT WOS:000252846700007 ER PT J AU Paige, GB Keefer, TO AF Paige, Ginger B. Keefer, Timothy O. TI Comparison of field performance of multiple soil moisture sensors in a semi-arid rangeland SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; instrumentation; rangelands; capacitance probe; time domain reflectometry; infiltration model ID WATER-CONTENT; RAINFALL; MODEL AB Automated electronic soil moisture sensors, such as time domain reflectometry (TDR) and capacitance probes are being used extensively to monitor and measure soil moisture in a variety of scientific and land management applications. These sensors are often used for a wide range of soil moisture applications such as drought forage prediction or validation of large-scale remote sensing instruments. The convergence of three different research projects facilitated the evaluation and comparison of three commercially available electronic soil moisture probes under field application conditions. The sensors are all installed in shallow soil profiles in a well instrumented small semi-arid shrub covered subwatershed in Southeastern Arizona. The sensors use either a TDR or a capacitance technique; both of which indirectly measure the soil dielectric constant to determine the soil moisture content. Sensors are evaluated over a range of conditions during three seasons comparing responses to natural wetting and drying sequences and using water balance and infiltration simulation models. Each of the sensors responded to the majority of precipitation events; however, they varied greatly in response time and magnitude from each other. Measured profile soil moisture storage compared better to water balance estimates when soil moisture in deeper layers was accounted for in the calculations. No distinct or consistent trend was detected when comparing the responses from the sensors or the infiltration model to individual precipitation events. The results underscore the need to understand how the sensors respond under field application and recognize the limitations of soil moisture sensors and the factors that can affect their accuracy in predicting soil moisture in situ. C1 [Paige, Ginger B.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Keefer, Timothy O.] SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Paige, GB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tkeefer@tueson.ars.ag.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00142.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 258CT UT WOS:000252846700010 ER PT J AU Zhou, GY Sun, G Wang, X Zhou, CY McNulty, SG Vose, JM Amatya, DM AF Zhou, Guoyi Sun, Ge Wang, Xu Zhou, Chuanyan McNulty, Steven G. Vose, James M. Amatya, Devendra M. TI Estimating forest ecosystem evapotranspiration at multiple temporal scales with a dimension analysis approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dimension analysis; evapotranspiration; empirical modeling; forest hydrology; water balance ID EUCALYPTUS-UROPHYLLA PLANTATIONS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; PINE FLATWOODS; UNITED-STATES; SAP-FLOW; EVAPORATION; VEGETATION; HYDROLOGY; BALANCE; FLORIDA AB It is critical that evapotranspiration (ET) be quantified accurately so that scientists can evaluate the effects of land management and global change on water availability, streamflow, nutrient and sediment loading, and ecosystem productivity in watersheds. The objective of this study was to derive a new semi-empirical ET modeled using a dimension analysis method that could be used to estimate forest ET effectively at multiple temporal scales. The model developed describes ET as a function of water availability for evaporation and transpiration, potential ET demand, air humidity, and land surface characteristics. The model was tested with long-term hydrometeorological data from five research sites with distinct forest hydrology in the United States and China. Averaged simulation error for daily ET was within 0.5 mm/day. The annual ET at each of the five study sites were within 7% of measured values. Results suggest that the model can accurately capture the temporal dynamics of ET in forest ecosystems at daily, monthly, and annual scales. The model is climate-driven and is sensitive to topography and vegetation characteristics and thus has potential to be used to examine the compounding hydrologic responses to land cover and climate changes at multiple temporal scales. C1 [Zhou, Guoyi; Zhou, Chuanyan] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wang, Xu] S China Univ Trop Agr, Coll Environm & Plant Protect, Danzhou 571737, Peoples R China. [Vose, James M.] Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Amatya, Devendra M.] Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Zhou, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 208 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00148.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 258CT UT WOS:000252846700016 ER PT J AU Potyondy, JP Sylte, TL AF Potyondy, John P. Sylte, Traci L. TI Discussion - "Assessment of Methods for Measuring Embeddedness: Application to Sedimentation in Flow Regulated Streams" SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Potyondy, John P.] Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sylte, Traci L.] Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Potyondy, John P.] Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Potyondy, JP (reprint author), Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM jpotyondy@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00156.x PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 258CT UT WOS:000252846700020 ER PT J AU Kiefer, MT Lin, YL Charney, JJ AF Kiefer, Michael T. Lin, Yuh-Lang Charney, Joseph J. TI A study of two-dimensional dry convective plume modes with variable critical level height SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; MULTICELL-TYPE STORMS; CELL REGENERATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR; PART II; FIRES; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS AB This study investigates the impact of wind speed and critical level height on dry convection above a prescribed heat source. This is done using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model in its two-dimensional form with an imposed 400-K soil potential temperature perturbation. The result of these experiments is the identification of three modes of convective plumes. The first, termed multicell convective plumes, is analogous to multicell convection generated from squall-line cold pools in the moist atmosphere. The second mode, a deep wave mode, consists of disturbances with wavelengths of 7-10 km and results from the multicell plumes perturbing the dynamically unstable shear flow centered at the critical level. The third mode, termed the intense fire plume, has stronger updrafts than the multicell mode and is marked by quasi-stationary movement and substantial low-level inflow and upper-level outflow. The presence of a critical level is shown to be crucial to the development of both the deep wave and intense plume modes. The intense fire plume mode is most consistent with the so-called fire storm, or conflagration phenomenon, in which strong updrafts and low-level indrafts can produce mesocyclones and tornadic fire whirls capable of significant damage. This study marks an important step in understanding the dynamics behind the fire storm phenomenon, as well as other types of convection ( multicell and deep wave) that may be generated by a fire. C1 [Kiefer, Michael T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Charney, Joseph J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Kiefer, MT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mtkiefer@ncsu.edu OI Kiefer, Michael/0000-0002-4824-0148 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 448 EP 469 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2301.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BP UT WOS:000253406600009 ER PT J AU Green, B Popham, TW AF Green, Bartholomew Popham, Thomas W. TI Probabilities of low nighttime temperatures during stocking and harvest seasons for inland shrimp culture SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODELING TEMPERATURE; AQUACULTURE PONDS; AIR-TEMPERATURE AB Litopenaeus vannamei is cultured in earthen ponds at southern US inland sites when water temperatures permit shrimp survival and growth. The probability of a minimum air temperature <= 14 C for one, three, or five consecutive days at one coastal and eight inland sites where L. vannamei is or could be grown in ponds is high (50%) from late March through late April at all sites except Arcadia, Florida, and Harlingen, Texas. Probabilities are 10% by early May to early June. In the autumn, the 10 and 50% probability levels are reached in early- to mid-September and by late September to mid-October, respectively. Arcadia, Florida, and Harlingen, Texas, have the longest periods with low probabilities and Pecos, Texas, has the shortest periods. The maximum pond water temperature from the previous afternoon and the minimum air temperature from that night predicted the minimum pond water temperature the following morning for Pine Bluff, Arkansas: (R-2 = 0.886): T-min = 1.464 + 0.169A(min) + 0.727T(max), where T-min = minimum daily pond water temperature (C), A(min) = minimum air temperature (C) for the same day, and T-max = maximum pond water temperature (C) from the previous day. Pond stock out and harvest decisions can be guided by minimum air temperature probabilities and predicted water temperature. C1 [Green, Bartholomew] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, USDA, ARS,Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. [Popham, Thomas W.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Green, B (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, USDA, ARS,Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00135.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 257QC UT WOS:000252812600008 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Bilodeau, L Bosworth, BG AF Peterson, Brian C. Bilodeau, Lanie Bosworth, Brian G. TI Evaluation of growth and disease resistance of USDA103, USDA303, USDA102, and USDA102 x USDA103 strains of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENT EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; BODY-COMPOSITION; 2 GENERATIONS; BLUE CATFISH; NORRIS; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; TRAITS; DIETS AB USDA103, USDA303, USDA102, and USDA102 x USDA103 strains of channel catfish (27.7 +/- 0.7 g/fish) were fed daily for 6 wk. Feed consumption and weight gain were highest (P < 0.001) in USDA103, USDA303, and USDA102 x USDA103 fish. USDA102 fish exhibited the poorest (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio. Fillet and whole-body content were similar (P > 0.05) among strains when final weight was used as a covariate. USDA103, USDA303, and USDA102 x USDA103 strains had higher (P < 0.01) protein efficiency ratios compared to USDA102. In a second study, the four groups of catfish (22.2 +/- 1.9 g/fish) were challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri and mortality was recorded for 3 wk postchallenge. Survival was higher (P < 0.02) for USDA303 and USDA102 x USDA103 fish. Results of these studies demonstrate that the USDA103 and USDA303 strains of catfish were superior in growth performance. Results of the bacterial challenge show that the USDA303 and USDA102 x USDA103 strains of fish exhibited increased survival. Continued selection of the USDA103 line and crossing this line of fish with lines of fish such as the USDA102 strain may produce fish with desirable growth and disease characteristics. C1 [Peterson, Brian C.; Bosworth, Brian G.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bilodeau, Lanie] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00140.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 257QC UT WOS:000252812600010 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Azevedo, MD Stout, R AF Banowetz, Gary M. Azevedo, Mark D. Stout, Richard TI Morphological adaptations of hot springs panic grass (Dichanthelium lanigunosum var sericeum (Schmoll) to thermal stress SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf pubescence; silica; abiotic stress ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; TOLERANCE; PLANTS; THERMOTOLERANCE; PHOTOPROTECTION; ANTHOCYANINS; TEMPERATURE; TRICHOMES; LIGHT; UV AB Although growth and productivity of most crops are significantly reduced by exposure to temperatures in excess of 35 degrees C, some plants thrive in geothermally heated soils characterized by chronic temperatures in excess of 40 degrees C. The morphological adaptations that enable these plants to colonize thermal environments are poorly understood. We characterized trichome development, silica accumulation, stomatal density, and waxy cuticle development in populations of Dichanthelium lanuginosum var sericeum (Schmoll) isolated from thermal and non-thermal environments to determine whether morphological changes existed in populations adapted to thermal environments. Plants isolated from thermal environments of Yellowstone National Park developed an extensive series of trichomes when exposed to chronic temperatures of 45/35 degrees C (day/night). In contrast, isolates from non-thermal environments of western Oregon showed minimal trichome development during exposure to the elevated temperatures. Leaves that developed during exposure to elevated temperatures had reduced thickness, though the reduction was less marked in plants from populations isolated from thermal environments. Plants isolated from thermal environments also had greater numbers of stomata on adaxial leaf surfaces relative to biotypes isolated from non-thermal environments. These results suggest phenotypic characteristics that may be useful in selection of new varieties of crop species with improved tolerance to supraoptimal temperatures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Banowetz, Gary M.; Azevedo, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stout, Richard] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.08.006 PG 11 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 279QV UT WOS:000254370600005 ER PT J AU Toledo P, D Abbott, LB Herrick, JE AF Toledo P, David Abbott, Laurie B. Herrick, Jeffrey E. TI Cover pole design for easy transport, assembly, and field use SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cover pole; Robel pole; standing crop; vegetation structure; visual obstruction ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; STANDING CROP; SANDHILLS RANGELAND; PRAIRIE; DEER AB Cover poles, also called Robel poles, are used to measure a variety of structural vegetation attributes commonly used in wildlife and livestock management. Although cover pole dimensions, measurement criteria, and interpretation of cover pole data vary depending on measurement objectives, the technical use of cover poles is fairly consistent. Practical use of cover poles requires that they are sturdy, lightweight, and easily transported. We describe a cover pole apparatus that can be easily constructed, transported, and assembled for use in remote locations. This self-supporting cover pole enables one person to take measurements, and can be modified for use in multiple habitats and soil types. C1 [Toledo P, David; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Toledo P, David; Abbott, Laurie B.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Toledo P, D (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, 2995 Knox St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM toledo@nmsu.edu RI Toledo, David/A-9259-2010 OI Toledo, David/0000-0001-5162-4428 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.2193/2007-109 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200031 ER PT J AU Chouinard, HH Paterson, T Wandschneider, PR Ohler, AM AF Chouinard, Hayley H. Paterson, Tobias Wandschneider, Philip R. Ohler, Adrienne M. TI Will farmers trade profits for stewardship? Heterogeneous motivations for farm practice selection SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; CONSERVATION; ADOPTION; VALUES; TECHNOLOGIES; PREFERENCE; DECISIONS; ECONOMICS; UTILITY; SOIL AB We investigate the trade-off agricultural producers face between profits and stewardly activities when selecting farm practices. Instead of the profit-maximization framework, we model producer behavior in an expanded utility framework, built on production technology, and including two utility components: self and social interests. The framework introduces inherent heterogeneity and sociallenvironmental motivations into farmer behavior. Based on this model, we hypothesize that there are farmers that are willing to forego some profit to engage in stewardly farm practices. With an empirical study, we provide evidence that some farmers are willing to make this sacrifice. Results are consistent with the multi-utility hypothesis. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat, Washington, DC USA. RP Chouinard, HH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 52 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 28 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 84 IS 1 BP 66 EP 82 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273OS UT WOS:000253941700005 ER PT J AU Kellogg, LKB McKenzie, D Peterson, DL Hessl, AE AF Kellogg, Lara-Karena B. McKenzie, Donald Peterson, David L. Hessl, Amy E. TI Spatial models for inferring topographic controls on historical low-severity fire in the eastern Cascade Range of Washington, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE topographic controls; historical fire regimes; spatial statistics; eastern Washington; scale dependence ID PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST; REGIMES; PATTERN; SCALE; REGRESSION; WILDFIRE; EXAMPLE AB Fire regimes are complex systems that represent an aggregate of spatial and temporal events whose statistical properties are scale dependent. Despite the breadth of research regarding the spatial controls on fire regime variability, few datasets are available with sufficient resolution to test spatially explicit hypotheses. We used a spatially distributed network of georeferenced fire-scarred trees to investigate the spatial structure of fire occurrence at multiple scales. Mantel's tests and geostatistical analysis of fire-occurrence time series led to inferences about the mechanisms that generated spatial patterns of historical fire synchrony (multiple trees recording fire in a single year) in eastern Washington, USA. The spatial autocorrelation structure of historical fire regimes varied within and among sites, with clearer patterns in the complex rugged terrain of the Cascade Range than in more open and rolling terrain further north and east. Results illustrate that the statistical spatial characteristics of fire regimes change with landform characteristics within a forest type, suggesting that simple relationships between fire frequency, fire synchrony, and forest type do not exist. Quantifying the spatial structures in fire occurrence associated with topographic variation showed that fire regime variability depends on both landscape structure and the scale of measurement. Spatially explicit fire-scar data open new possibilities for analysis and interpretation, potentially informing the design and application of fire management on landscapes, including hazardous fuel treatments and the use of fire for ecosystem restoration. C1 [McKenzie, Donald; Peterson, David L.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Kellogg, Lara-Karena B.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hessl, Amy E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@u.washington.edu NR 59 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9188-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 255DD UT WOS:000252636100010 ER PT J AU Brichta-Harhay, DM Arthur, TM Koohmaraie, M AF Brichta-Harhay, D. M. Arthur, T. M. Koohmaraie, M. TI Enumeration of Salmonella from poultry carcass rinses via direct plating methods SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enumeration; hydrophobic grid membrane filtration; poultry carcass rinse; Salmonella; spiral plate ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; GRID MEMBRANE-FILTER; SAMPLING METHODS; CHICKEN CARCASSES; RAW; IDENTIFICATION; TYPHIMURIUM; RECOVERY; BROILERS; HIDE AB Aim: To evaluate direct plating methods for the estimation of Salmonella load in poultry carcass rinses. Methods and Results: Two direct plating tools, the spiral plate count method (SPCM) and the hydrophobic grid membrane filtration (HGMF) method, were adapted to support quantification of Salmonella during poultry processing. Test samples consisted of 180 broiler carcasses from a commercial abattoir, 60 from each of three points in the processing line [pre-inside-outside bird wash (pre-IOBW), prechill and postchill]. The SPCM was used to estimate Salmonella load in pre-IOBW rinses, while HGMF was used to estimate Salmonella levels in prechill and postchill rinses. Carcass rinses were also evaluated for Salmonella prevalence by enrichment methods. Mean prevalences of Salmonella were 95%, 100% and 41.7%, and the geometric mean loads were 3.7 x 10(1), 5.6 x 10(0) and 5.0 x 10(-2) CFU ml(-1) for pre-IOBW, prechill and postchill rinses, respectively. Conclusions: The methods described are useful for estimating the concentration of viable and typical Salmonella in poultry carcass rinses. Significance and Impact of the Study: Direct plating enumeration methods can facilitate the monitoring of Salmonella load on poultry carcasses throughout the production process, and the evaluation of new processing intervention strategies. C1 [Brichta-Harhay, D. M.; Arthur, T. M.; Koohmaraie, M.] Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brichta-Harhay, DM (reprint author), Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dayna.harhay@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02289.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 253CP UT WOS:000252496600009 PM 18069983 ER PT J AU Liao, CH AF Liao, C. -H. TI Growth of Salmonella on sprouting alfalfa seeds as affected by the inoculum size, native microbial load and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa sprout; biocontrol; inoculum size; native bacteria; Salmonella growth ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IRRIGATION WATER; ENTERICA; PSEUDOMONADS; DYNAMICS; STRAINS AB Aims: To investigate the growth of salmonellae on sprouting alfalfa seeds as affected by the inoculum size, microbial load and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79. Methods and Results: Alfalfa seeds pre-inoculated with <= 10(1)-10(3) CFU g(-1) of salmonellae and with or without Ps. fluorescens 2-79 were sprouted in glass jars and the population of salmonellae were determined daily for up to 6 days. The population of salmonellae on germinating seeds reached the maximum 2-3 days after sprouting when total bacterial count reached the maximum (10(9) CFU g(-1)). The population of salmonellae on sprouting seeds not treated with Ps. fluorescens 2-79 showed a net increase of 3-4 log units. However, the population of salmonellae on alfalfa seeds treated with Ps. fluorescens 2-79 showed a net increase of only 1-2 log units. Disinfection of seeds with calcium hypochlorite enhanced the growth of salmonellae. Conclusions: Treatment of seeds with Ps. fluorescens 2-79 reduced the growth of salmonellae by 2-3 log units. Significance and Impact of the Study: The potential of Ps. fluorescens 2-79 as a biological agent for use in control of salmonellae on sprouting seeds was demonstrated and warrants further investigation. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM chinghsing.liao@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02302.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 253CP UT WOS:000252496600017 PM 18179450 ER PT J AU Wu, T Chellemi, DO Graham, JH Martin, KJ Rosskopf, EN AF Wu, Tiehang Chellemi, Dan O. Graham, Jim H. Martin, Kendall J. Rosskopf, Erin N. TI Comparison of soil bacterial communities under diverse agricultural land management and crop production practices SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; METHYL-ESTER PROFILES; T-RFLP TECHNIQUE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ANALYSIS FINGERPRINTS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AB The composition and structure of bacterial communities were examined in soil subjected to a range of diverse agricultural land management and crop production practices. Length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) of bacterial DNA extracted from soil was used to generate amplicon profiles that were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Five land management programs were initiated in July 2000: conventional, organic, continuous removal of vegetation (disk fallow), undisturbed (weed fallow), and bahiagrass pasture (Paspalum notatum var Argentine). Similar levels in the diversity of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were detected in soil samples collected from organically and conventionally managed plots 3 and 4 years after initiation of land management programs, whereas significantly lower levels of diversity were observed in samples collected from bahiagrass pasture. Differences in diversity were attributed to effects on how the relative abundance of individual amplicons were distributed (evenness) and not on the total numbers of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons detected (richness). Similar levels of diversity were detected among all land management programs in soil samples collected after successive years of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivation. A different trend was observed after a multivariate examination of the similarities in genetic composition among soil bacterial communities. After 3 years of land management, similarities in genetic composition of soil bacterial communities were observed in plots where disturbance was minimized (bahiagrass and weed fallow). The genetic compositions in plots managed organically were similar to each other and distinct from bacterial communities in other land management programs. After successive years of tomato cultivation and damage from two major hurricanes, only the composition of soil bacterial communities within organically managed plots continued to maintain a high degree of similarity to each other and remain distinct from other bacterial communities. This study reveals the effects of agricultural land management practices on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in a large-scale, long-term replicated study where the effect of soil type on community attributes was removed. C1 [Wu, Tiehang] Univ S Florida, Div Cell Biol Microbiol & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Martin, Kendall J.] William Paterson Univ, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. [Wu, Tiehang; Graham, Jim H.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Wu, Tiehang; Chellemi, Dan O.; Rosskopf, Erin N.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Div Cell Biol Microbiol & Mol Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave SCA110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM twu@cas.usf.edu RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008; OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 NR 80 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 2 BP 293 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 256ZX UT WOS:000252769500013 PM 17619214 ER PT J AU Lin, H Doddapaneni, H Bai, XJ Yao, JQ Zhao, XL Civerolo, EL AF Lin, Hong Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Bai, Xianjing Yao, Jiqiang Zhao, Xiaolong Civerolo, Edwin L. TI Acquisition of uncharacterized sequences from Candidatus Liberibacter, an unculturable bacterium, using an improved genomic walking method SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Genomic walking; Huanglongbing; Candidatus Liberibacter; Citrus greening ID CITRUS GREENING DISEASE; CHROMOSOME WALKING; GENE-CLUSTER; INVERSE PCR; DNA; ORGANISM; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMERASE; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING AB An effective PCR-based genomic walking approach is described to discover previously unknown flanking genomic DNA sequences from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, an unculturable, phloem-limited bacterium. Using this technique, 8564 bp of new DNA sequences were obtained from three genomic loci; tufB-secE-nusG-rplKAJL-rpoBC gene cluster, omp gene (outer membrane protein, Omp) and 16/23S rRNA gene in Ca. L. asiaticus. These, together with publicly available Ca. Liberibacter sequences, are clustered into five contigs and two singlets representing 24,477 non-redundant base pairs. BLAST annotation predicts 12 full-length genes, two partial genes and one pseudogene among these sequences. The sequences obtained in this study provide new genome information about Ca. Liberibacter that will facilitate development of new genome-based detection tools. The technique described here can also be employed to acquire new genomic information for other unculturable or fastidious organisms for which available sequences are limited or for filling sequence gaps between known flanking genomic DNA sequences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Hong; Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Yao, Jiqiang; Civerolo, Edwin L.] San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yao, Jiqiang] Calif Citrus Res Board, Visalia, CA 93279 USA. [Bai, Xianjing] Guangxi Acad Agr Sci, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Xiaolong] Guangxi Citrus Res Inst, Guilin, Peoples R China. RP Lin, H (reprint author), San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2007.06.006 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 420UI UT WOS:000264314300004 PM 17689920 ER PT J AU Kong, L Cambron, SE Ohm, HW AF Kong, Lingrang Cambron, Sue E. Ohm, Herbert W. TI Hessian fly resistance genes H16 and H17 are mapped to a resistance gene cluster in the distal region of chromosome 1AS in wheat SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; microsatellite; eSSR; gene mapping; Hessian fly resistance; Marker-assisted selection (MAS) ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POWDERY MILDEW; BREAD WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; WINTER-WHEAT; D-GENOME; CECIDOMYIIDAE AB Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is one of the major insect pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Hessian fly (Hf)-resistance genes H16 and H17 were reported to condition resistance to Hf biotype L that is prevalent in many wheat-growing areas of eastern USA, and both of them were previously assigned to wheat chromosome 5A by their linkage to H9. The objectives in this study were to (1) map H16 and H17 independent of their linkage with H9 and (2) identify DNA markers that co-segregate with H16 or H17, and that are useful for selection of these genes in segregating populations and to combine these genes with other Hf-resistance genes in wheat cultivars. Contrary to previously reported locations, H16 and H17 did not show linkage with the molecular markers on chromosome 5A. Instead, both of them are linked with the molecular markers on the short arm of chromosome 1A (1AS). The simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker Xpsp2999 and EST-derived SSR (eSSR) marker Xwem6b are two flanking markers that are linked to H16 at genetic distances of 3.7 and 5.5 cM, respectively. Similarly, H17 is located between markers Xpsp2999 and Xwem6b at genetic distances of 6.2 and 5.1 cM, respectively. Five other SSR and eSSR markers including Xcfa2153, Xbarc263, Xwem3a, Xwmc329, and Xwmc24 were also linked to H16 and H17 at close genetic distances. These closely linked molecular markers should be useful for pyramiding H16 and H17 with other Hessian fly resistance genes in a single wheat genotype. In addition, using Chinese Spring deletion line bin mapping we positioned all of the linked markers and the Hf-resistance genes (H16 and H17) to the distal 14% of chromosome 1AS, where Hf-resistance genes H9, H10, and H11 are located. Our results together with previous studies suggest that Hf-resistance genes H9, H10, H11, H16, and H17 along with the pathogen resistance genes Pm3 and Lr10 appear to occupy a resistance gene cluster in the distal region of chromosome 1AS in wheat. C1 [Kong, Lingrang; Ohm, Herbert W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cambron, Sue E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cambron, Sue E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hohm@purdue.edu NR 73 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s11032-007-9119-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 244LW UT WOS:000251868400005 ER PT J AU Skadsen, RW Jing, PC AF Skadsen, Ronald W. Jing, Peicheng TI Transcriptome profile of barley aleurone differs between total and polysomal RNAs: implications for proteome modeling SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE aleurone; barley seed; microarray; polysomal mRNA; transcriptional profiling; proteome ID EXPRESSION; TRANSLATION; GENOMICS; GENES AB Microarray analysis of mRNA populations is routinely conducted with total NA. However, such analyses would probably represent the translated genome (proteome) more accurately if conducted with polysomal RNA. An accurate assessment of the proteome is essential where microarray analysis is used to produce molecular markers for breeding programs. In order to determine whether significant variation occurs between these two RNA populations, the relative abundance of transcripts was analyzed in barley aleurones of intact 3.5 day old germinated seedlings, comparing total and polysomal RNAs. A total of 13,744 transcripts was detected among both populations. Of these, 714 were detected only in total RNA, and 1,541 were detected only in polysomal RNA. A surprising number of transcripts detected in both populations (6,312 gene calls or 46% of the compared transcripts) differed significantly between populations. Almost half of these (2,987) were more abundant by at least two-fold, depending on the RNA source, and expression was often biased toward specific functional classes of genes. Transcripts encoding hydrolytic enzymes for the mobilization of stored seed macromolecules were more highly represented in total RNA, rather than polysomal RNA. These included proteinases, nucleases and carbohydrases. Genes for ribonucleoprotein complexes, nucleic acid binding and components of ribosomes were more abundant in polysomal RNA. Among genes with signal intensities of 1,000 or more, hydrolases were greatly over-represented in total RNA, whereas ubiquitin, histone and kinase related genes were mainly represented in polysomal RNA. C1 [Skadsen, Ronald W.; Jing, Peicheng] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Skadsen, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rskadsen@wisc.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s11032-007-9126-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 244LW UT WOS:000251868400012 ER PT J AU Janni, M Sella, L Favaron, F Blechl, AE De Lorenzo, G D'Ovidio, R AF Janni, Michela Sella, Luca Favaron, Francesco Blechl, Ann E. De Lorenzo, Giulia D'Ovidio, Renato TI The expression of a bean PGIP in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to the fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYGALACTURONASE-INHIBITING PROTEIN; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PEAR PGIP; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; PLANTS; GENE; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; DEFENSE AB A possible strategy to control plant pathogens is the improvement of natural plant defense mechanisms against the tools that pathogens commonly use to penetrate and colonize the host tissue. One of these mechanisms is represented by the host plant's ability to inhibit the pathogen's capacity to degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIP) are plant defense cell wall glycoproteins that inhibit the activity of fungal endopolygalacturonases (endo-PGs). To assess the effectiveness of these proteins in protecting wheat from fungal pathogens, we produced a number of transgenic wheat lines expressing a bean PGIP (PvPGIP2) having a wide spectrum of specificities against fungal PGs. Three independent transgenic lines were characterized in detail, including determination of the levels of PvPGIP2 accumulation and its subcellular localization and inhibitory activity. Results show that the transgene-encoded protein is correctly secreted into the apoplast, maintains its characteristic recognition specificities, and endows the transgenic wheat with new PG recognition capabilities. As a consequence, transgenic wheat tissue showed increased resistance to digestion by the PG of Fusarium moniliforme. These new properties also were confirmed at the plant level during interactions with the fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. All three lines showed significant reductions in symptom progression (46 to 50%) through the leaves following infection with this pathogen. Our results illustrate the feasibility of improving wheat's defenses against pathogens by expression of proteins with new capabilities to counteract those produced by the pathogens. C1 [Janni, Michela; D'Ovidio, Renato] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Sella, Luca; Favaron, Francesco] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Terr & Sistemi Agroforestali, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. [Blechl, Ann E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [De Lorenzo, Giulia] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol Vegetale, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP D'Ovidio, R (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. EM dovidio@unitus.it RI De Lorenzo, Giulia/F-5475-2013; D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014 OI De Lorenzo, Giulia/0000-0002-1707-5418; D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-2-0171 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 252PO UT WOS:000252458600003 PM 18184061 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Powell, AM Ocon, OM Caperna, TJ Camp, M Garrett, WM Ealy, AD AF Talbot, Neil C. Powell, Anne M. Ocon, Olga M. Caperna, Thomas J. Camp, Mary Garrett, Wesley M. Ealy, Alan D. TI Comparison of the interferon-tau expression from primary trophectoderm outgrowths derived from IVP, NT, and parthenogenote bovine blastocysts SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE interferon-tau; bovine; trophectoderm; cell; culture ID CUMULUS CELL-NUCLEI; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELL; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; CLONED MICE; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; TROPHOBLAST INTERFERON; OVINE ENDOMETRIUM; ES CELLS; PREGNANCY AB The expression of interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is essential for bovine embryo survival in the uterus. An evaluation of IFN-tau production from somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT)-embryo-derived primary trophectoderm cultures in comparison to trophectoderm cultured from parthenogenote (P) and in vitro matured, fertilized, and cultured (IVP) bovine embryos was performed. In Experiment 1, the success/ failure ratio for primary trophectoderm colony formation was similar for IVP and NT blastocysts [IVP= 155/ 29 (84%); NT 104/25 (81%)], but was decreased (P = .05) for P blastocysts [54/43 (56%)]. Most trophectoderm colonies reached diameters of at least 1 cm within 3-4 weeks, and at this time, 72 hr conditioned cell culture medium was measured for IFN-tau concentration by antiviral activity assay. The amount of IFN-tau produced by IVP-outgrowths [4311 lU/mL (n = 155)] was greater (P < .05) than that from NT- [626 IU/mL(n= 104)]and P-[1595 IU/ mL (n=54)] derived trophectoderm. Differential expression of IFN-tau was confirmed by immunoblotting. In Experiment 2, colony formation was again similar for IVP and NT blastocysts [lVP = 70/5 (93%); NT 67/ 1 (99%)] and less (P < .05) for P blastocysts [65/ 27 (70%)]. Analysis of trophectoderm colony size after 23 days in culture showed a similar relationship with P-derived colonies being significantly smaller in comparison to IVP and NT colonies. A differential expression of IFN-tau was also observed again, but this time as measured over time in culture. Maximal IFN-tau production was found at day-14 of primary culture and diminished to a minimum by the 23rd day. C1 [Talbot, Neil C.; Powell, Anne M.; Garrett, Wesley M.] USDA, ARS, ANRI, BGL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Caperna, Thomas J.] USDA, ARS, ANRI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Camp, Mary] USDA, ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ocon, Olga M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ealy, Alan D.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ANRI, BGL, Bldg 200,Rm 13,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1002/mrd.20741 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 248PZ UT WOS:000252168000009 PM 17721989 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Cotty, PJ Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, Kanniah Cary, Jeffrey W. Cotty, Peter J. Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Development of a GFP-Expressing Aspergillus flavus strain to study fungal invasion, colonization, and resistance in cottonseed SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; antifungal genes; Aspergillus flavus; cotton; green fluorescent protein; transgenic plants ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; AFLATOXIN; GENE; LOCALIZATION; PARASITICUS; INHIBITION; INFECTION; GROWTH AB Cotton bolls were inoculated with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Aspergillus flavus (strain 70) to monitor fungal growth, mode of entry, colonization of cottonseeds, and production of aflatoxins. The GFP strain and the wild-type did not differ significantly in pathogen aggressiveness as indicated by similar reductions in inoculated locule weight. GFP fluorescence was at least 10 times higher than the blue green yellow fluorescence (BGYF) produced in response to infection by A. flavus. The GFP produced by the strain made it possible to identify and monitor specific plant tissues colonized by the fungus. For example, the inner seed coat and cotyledon were colonized by the fungus within 72 h of inoculation and the mode of entry was invariably through the porous chalazal cap in intact seeds. The amount of GFP fluorescence was shown to be an indicator of fungal growth, colonization and, to some extent, aflatoxin production. The A. flavus strain expressing GFP should be very useful for rapidly identifying cotton lines with enhanced resistance to A. flavus colonization developed through genetic engineering or traditional plant breeding. In addition, development of GFP expressing A. flavus strain provides an easy and rapid assay procedure for studying the ecology, etiology, and epidemiology of cotton boll rot caused by A. flavus resulting in aflatoxin contamination. C1 [Rajasekaran, Kanniah; Cary, Jeffrey W.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, USDA, ARS,Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM krajah@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2008 VL 165 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s11046-007-9085-9 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 267BJ UT WOS:000253483000004 PM 18266076 ER PT J AU Flores-Flores, JL Santha, SD Thomas, D Safriel, UN Eswaran, H Solh, M Davies, J Kowsar, SA Bissonnette, JF AF Flores-Flores, Jose Luis Santha, Sunil D. Thomas, David Safriel, Uriel N. Eswaran, Hari Solh, Mahmoud Davies, Jonathan Kowsar, Sayyed Ahang Bissonnette, Jean-Francois TI Experts address the question: "Are poverty and land degradation inevitable in desert-prone areas?" SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Flores-Flores, Jose Luis] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Invest Zonas Deserticas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Santha, Sunil D.] Tata Inst Social Sci, Jamsetji Tata Ctr Disaster Management, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Thomas, David] Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Oxford, England. [Safriel, Uriel N.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Eswaran, Hari] Conservat Serv, USDA Nat Resources, Washington, DC USA. [Solh, Mahmoud] ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. [Davies, Jonathan] IUCN EARO, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kowsar, Sayyed Ahang] Fars Res Ctr Agr & Nat Resources, Shiraz, IR, Iran. [Bissonnette, Jean-Francois] Univ Montreal, Canada Chair Asian Res, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Flores-Flores, JL (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Invest Zonas Deserticas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. OI Thomas, David/0000-0001-6867-5504 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM JI Nat. Resour. Forum PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00170.x PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283XF UT WOS:000254669100007 ER PT J AU Romeis, J Bartsch, D Bigler, F Candolfi, MP Gielkens, MMC Hartley, SE Hellmich, RL Huesing, JE Jepson, PC Layton, R Quemada, H Raybould, A Rose, RI Schiemann, J Sears, MK Shelton, AM Sweet, J Vaituzis, Z Wolt, JD AF Romeis, Joerg Bartsch, Detlef Bigler, Franz Candolfi, Marco P. Gielkens, Marco M. C. Hartley, Susan E. Hellmich, Richard L. Huesing, Joseph E. Jepson, Paul C. Layton, Raymond Quemada, Hector Raybould, Alan Rose, Robyn I. Schiemann, Joachim Sears, Mark K. Shelton, Anthony M. Sweet, Jeremy Vaituzis, Zigfridas Wolt, Jeffrey D. TI Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; BT CORN POLLEN; MONARCH LARVAE; GM CROPS; MAIZE; ENVIRONMENT; LEPIDOPTERA; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; DANAIDAE AB An international initiative is developing a scientifically rigorous approach to evaluate the potential risks to nontarget arthropods (NTAs) posed by insect-resistant, genetically modified (IRGM) crops. It adapts the tiered approach to risk assessment that is used internationally within regulatory toxicology and environmental sciences. The approach focuses on the formulation and testing of clearly stated risk hypotheses, making maximum use of available data and using formal decision guidelines to progress between testing stages (or tiers). It is intended to provide guidance to regulatory agencies that are currently developing their own NTA risk assessment guidelines for IRGM crops and to help harmonize regulatory requirements between different countries and different regions of the world. C1 [Romeis, Joerg; Bigler, Franz] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bartsch, Detlef] Fed Off Consumer Protect & Food Safety BVL, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Candolfi, Marco P.] RCC Labs India Private Ltd, Hyderabad 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Gielkens, Marco M. C.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Expertise Ctr Substances, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Hartley, Susan E.] Univ Sussex, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huesing, Joseph E.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Jepson, Paul C.] Oregon State Univ, Integrated Plant Protect Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jepson, Paul C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Layton, Raymond] DuPont Crop Genet, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Quemada, Hector] Calvin Coll, Dept Biol, Program Biosafety Syst, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. [Raybould, Alan] Syngenta Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berks, England. [Rose, Robyn I.] USDA, APHIS Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Schiemann, Joachim] Julius Kuehn Inst, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Biosafety Genetically Modified Palnts, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany. [Sears, Mark K.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Shelton, Anthony M.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Sweet, Jeremy] Green Willingham, Cambridge CB4 5JA, England. [Vaituzis, Zigfridas] US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Biosafety Inst Genetically Modified Agr Prod, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Romeis, J (reprint author), Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM joerg.romeis@art.admin.ch RI Jepson, Paul/E-8669-2011; Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013; Quemada, Hector/M-2848-2013 OI Jepson, Paul/0000-0003-3419-4715; NR 46 TC 218 Z9 257 U1 9 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1038/nbt1381 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 263BQ UT WOS:000253193000022 PM 18259178 ER PT J AU Kathiresan, S Melander, O Guiducci, C Surti, A Burtt, NP Rieder, MJ Cooper, GM Roos, C Voight, BF Havulinna, AS Wahlstrand, B Hedner, T Corella, D Tai, ES Ordovas, JM Berglund, G Vartiainen, E Jousilahti, P Hedblad, B Taskinen, MR Newton-Cheh, C Salomaa, V Peltonen, L Groop, L Altshuler, DM Orho-Melander, M AF Kathiresan, Sekar Melander, Olle Guiducci, Candace Surti, Aarti Burtt, Noel P. Rieder, Mark J. Cooper, Gregory M. Roos, Charlotta Voight, Benjamin F. Havulinna, Aki S. Wahlstrand, Bjorn Hedner, Thomas Corella, Dolores Tai, E. Shyong Ordovas, Jose M. Berglund, Goran Vartiainen, Erkki Jousilahti, Pekka Hedblad, Bo Taskinen, Marja-Riitta Newton-Cheh, Christopher Salomaa, Veikko Peltonen, Leena Groop, Leif Altshuler, David M. Orho-Melander, Marju TI Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-LEVELS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; GENERAL-POPULATION; HDL CHOLESTEROL; LIPASE; POLYMORPHISM; CONTRIBUTES; HAPLOTYPES; PROTEIN AB Blood concentrations of lipoproteins and lipids are heritable(1) risk factors for cardiovascular disease(2,3). Using genome-wide association data from three studies (n = 8,816 that included 2,758 individuals from the Diabetes Genetics Initiative specific to the current paper as well as 1,874 individuals from the FUSION study of type 2 diabetes and 4,184 individuals from the SardiNIA study of aging-associated variables reported in a companion paper in this issue(4)) and targeted replication association analyses in up to 18,554 independent participants, we show that common SNPs at 18 loci are reproducibly associated with concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and/or triglycerides. Six of these loci are new (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each new locus). Of the six newly identified chromosomal regions, two were associated with LDL cholesterol (1p13 near CELSR2, PSRC1 and SORT1 and 19p13 near CILP2 and PBX4), one with HDL cholesterol (1q42 in GALNT2) and five with triglycerides (7q11 near TBL2 and MLXIPL, 8q24 near TRIB1, 1q42 in GALNT2, 19p13 near CILP2 and PBX4 and 1p31 near ANGPTL3). At 1p13, the LDL-associated SNP was also strongly correlated with CELSR2, PSRC1, and SORT1 transcript levels in human liver, and a proxy for this SNP was recently shown to affect risk for coronary artery disease(5). Understanding the molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of the newly identified loci may inform therapy and clinical care. C1 [Kathiresan, Sekar; Newton-Cheh, Christopher] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar; Guiducci, Candace; Surti, Aarti; Burtt, Noel P.; Voight, Benjamin F.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Peltonen, Leena; Altshuler, David M.] MIT, Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar; Guiducci, Candace; Surti, Aarti; Burtt, Noel P.; Voight, Benjamin F.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Peltonen, Leena; Altshuler, David M.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Altshuler, David M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Melander, Olle] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Rieder, Mark J.; Cooper, Gregory M.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roos, Charlotta; Groop, Leif; Orho-Melander, Marju] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Diabet & Endocrinol, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Voight, Benjamin F.; Altshuler, David M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Voight, Benjamin F.; Altshuler, David M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Havulinna, Aki S.; Vartiainen, Erkki; Jousilahti, Pekka; Salomaa, Veikko; Peltonen, Leena] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, SF-00300 Helsinki, Finland. [Wahlstrand, Bjorn; Hedner, Thomas] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Tai, E. Shyong] Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Berglund, Goran] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Hedblad, Bo] Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Epidemiol Res, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Taskinen, Marja-Riitta] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med, Helsinki 00029, Finland. [Peltonen, Leena] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki 00029, Finland. [Peltonen, Leena] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Groop, Leif] Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Helsinki 00029, Finland. [Altshuler, David M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kathiresan, S (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM skathiresan@partners.org; marju.orho-melander@med.lu.se RI Altshuler, David/A-4476-2009; Cooper, Gregory/D-6914-2011; Voight, Benjamin/F-1775-2011; OI Altshuler, David/0000-0002-7250-4107; Cooper, Gregory/0000-0001-5509-9923; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU Wellcome Trust [089061] NR 30 TC 789 Z9 807 U1 2 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1038/ng.75 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 256MJ UT WOS:000252732900017 PM 18193044 ER PT J AU Banish, NP Peterson, JT Thurow, RF AF Banish, Nolan P. Peterson, James T. Thurow, Russell F. TI Physical, biotic, and sampling influences on diel habitat use by stream-dwelling bull trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; VARDEN SALVELINUS-MALMA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROOK TROUT; MICROHABITAT USE; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; WARMWATER STREAM; CHINOOK SALMON AB We used daytime and nighttime underwater observation to assess microhabitat use by bull trout Salvelinus confluentus (N = 213) in streams of the intermountain western USA during the summers of 2001 and 2002. We recorded fish focal points and measured a set of habitat characteristics as well as habitat availability via line transects. Bull trout were benthic and solitary; most (88%) were observed at night. We developed a conditional logistic regression model to account for the effect of fish movement in response to snorkeling, and we fitted 18 candidate models to evaluate the relative influences of biotic and abiotic factors on habitat use. The candidate models were also fitted with a naive logistic regression (i.e., no movement) to evaluate the effects of movement on inferences of microhabitat use. The most plausible model describing bull trout habitat use was the same for the conditional and naive regressions and included depth, velocity, percent rubble substratum, and the day X depth, body size X depth, and body size X day X depth interactions. The presence of brook trout S.fontinalis and the abundance of conspecifics did not strongly influence microhabitat use by bull trout. The relative rankings of the remaining models differed substantially between the conditional and naive models. Relative to the conditional models, the naive models overestimated the importance of diurnal differences in habitat use and overestimated the use of deepwater habitats, particularly during the day. Both model types suggested that all sizes of bull trout were generally found in deeper, low-velocity habitat at night, whereas small bull trout (70-90 mm total length) were found in shallower habitats during the day. We recommend that biologists account for fish movement in response to sampling to avoid biasing modeled habitat use patterns by bull trout. C1 [Banish, Nolan P.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@forestry.uga.edu NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1577/M06-273.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500015 ER PT J AU Monnot, L Dunham, JB Hoem, T Koetsier, P AF Monnot, Lauri Dunham, Jason B. Hoem, Tammy Koetsier, Peter TI Influences of body size and environmental factors on autumn downstream migration of bull trout in the Boise River, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; STREAM FISH; MONTANA; WINTER AB Many fishes migrate extensively through stream networks, yet patterns are commonly described only in terms of the origin and destination of migration (e.g., between natal and feeding habitats). To better understand patterns of migration in bull trout,Salvelinus confluentus we studied the influences of body size (total length [TL]) and environmental factors (stream temperature and discharge) on migrations in the Boise River basin, Idaho. During the autumns of 2001-2003, we tracked the downstream migrations of 174 radio-tagged bull trout ranging in size from 21 to 73 cm TL. The results indicated that large bull trout (>30 cm) were more likely than small fish to migrate rapidly downstream after spawning in headwater streams in early autumn. Large bull trout also had a higher probability of arriving at the current terminus of migration in the system, Arrowrock Reservoir. The rate of migration by small bull trout was more variable and individuals were less likely to move into Arrowrock Reservoir. The rate of downstream migration by all fish was slower when stream discharge was greater. Temperature was not associated with the rate of migration. These findings indicate that fish size and environmentally related changes in behavior have important influences on patterns of migration. In a broader context, these results and other recent work suggest, at least in some cases, that commonly used classifications of migratory behavior may not accurately reflect the full range of behaviors and variability among individuals (or life stages) and environmental conditions. C1 [Monnot, Lauri] Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise Reg Off, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Monnot, Lauri; Hoem, Tammy] US Bur Reclamat, Snake River Area Off, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Koetsier, Peter] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1577/M06-095.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274WC UT WOS:000254032500022 ER PT J AU Shafer, KJ Siders, WA Johnson, LK Lukaski, HC AF Shafer, Kimberly J. Siders, William A. Johnson, LuAnn K. Lukaski, Henry C. TI Interaction of clothing and body mass index affects validity of air-displacement plethysmography in adults SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dual x-ray absorptiometry; percent body fat; body volume; body density ID CRITERION METHODS; WEIGHT-LOSS; POD; VALIDATION; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; OBESITY AB Objective: We determined the effect of clothing type on the validity of air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) to estimate percentage of body fat (%BF) and ascertain if these effects differ by body mass index (BMI). Methods: The %BF by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and %BF, density, and body volume by ADP were assessed in 132 healthy adults classified by normal (N; 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (OW; 25-29.9 kg/m(2)), and obese (OB; 30-39.9 kg/m(2)) BMIs. Results: Compared with DXA, ADP underestimated (P < 0.0001) %BF from scrubs (SC) and t-shirt/shorts (TS) in N (11.4%; 8.6%) and OW (6.8%; 4.9%) BMI groups, respectively. ADP compared with DXA overestimated (P < 0.0006) %BF in the OW group (1.2%), but underestimated (P < 0.0001) it in the N group (2.4%). ADP also overestimated (P < 0.006) %BF in the 013 group wearing spandex (SP; 4.8%), but not in those wearing SC (0.7%; P = 0.10) and TS (0.5%; P = 0.22) versus DXA. Conclusion: All three clothing types showed significant error in estimating %BF with ADP compared with DXA in N and OW BMI. Use of spandex provided the least error and is the preferred attire to obtain valid body composition results when testing N and OW subjects. However, SP provided the greatest error in the 013 group. Error in ADP %BF in 013 was minimal in SC and TS and similar to the within-subject variability in %BF estimates with ADP. Thus, TS and SC are acceptable alternatives to SP in adults with excess body weight. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shafer, Kimberly J.; Siders, William A.; Johnson, LuAnn K.; Lukaski, Henry C.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM henry.lukaski@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2007.10.015 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 254BD UT WOS:000252560400006 PM 18068951 ER PT J AU Simpson, KA Singh, MAF AF Simpson, Kylie A. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Effects of exercise on adiponectin: A systematic review SO OBESITY LA English DT Review ID FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; COMPLEMENT-RELATED PROTEIN; ADIPOSE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WEIGHT-LOSS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CIRCULATING ADIPONECTIN AB Secreted from white adipose tissue, circulating concentrations of adiponectin are reduced in the presence of metabolic and cardiovascular disease such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the body of evidence critically for the effects of exercise on adiponectin levels. Literature searches using the Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Controlled Trials registry, EMBASE, and SportDiscus databases were conducted from 1966 to September 2006 using keywords pertaining to "adiponectin" and "exercise." Thirty-three trials met the inclusion criteria. Study designs consisted of 5 cross-sectional studies, 7 trials of acute exercise, 11 uncontrolled trials, 2 non-randomized controlled trials, and 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Exercise of varying prescription has been shown to increase serum adiponectin in 38% of RCTs, demonstrating small-to-moderate effect sizes (ESs). One study reported a dose-response effect of resistance training intensity and the augmentation of adiponectin. Inconsistent support in the literature exists for increasing adiponectin levels after short-term exposure to robust aerobic or resistance training of moderate-to-high intensities. Particular attention should be directed toward high-risk cohorts, in whom augmentation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin may assume critical importance. C1 [Simpson, Kylie A.; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM m.singh@usyd.edu.au NR 68 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.53 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 258QU UT WOS:000252883600005 PM 18239630 ER PT J AU Shypailo, RJ Butte, NF Ellis, KJ AF Shypailo, Roman J. Butte, Nancy F. Ellis, Kenneth J. TI DXA: Can it be used as a criterion reference for body fat measurements in children? SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; CROSS-CALIBRATION; PENCIL-BEAM; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is often cited as a criterion method for body composition measurements. We have previously shown that a new DXA software version (Hologic Discovery V12.1) will affect whole-body bone mineral results for subjects weighing <40 kg. We wished to reanalyze pediatric whole-body scans in order to assess the impact of the new software on pediatric soft-tissue body composition estimates. Methods and Procedures: We reanalyzed 1,384 pediatric scans (for ages 1.7-17.2 years) using Hologic software V12.1, previously analyzed using V11.2. Regression analysis and ANCOVA were used to compare body fat (total body fat (TBF), percentage fat (%BF)), and non-bone lean body mass (LBM) for the two versions, adjusting for gender, age and weight. Results: Software V12.1 yielded values that were higher for TBF, lower for LBM, and unchanged for DXA-derived weight in subjects weighing <40 kg. Body composition values for younger, smaller subjects were most affected, and girls were more affected than boys. Using the new software, 14% of the girls and 10% of the boys were reclassified from the "normal" %BF range to "at risk of obesity," while 7 and 5%, respectively, were reclassified as obese. Discussion: Hologic's newest DXA software has a significant effect on soft-tissue results for children weighing <40 kg. The effect is greater for girls than boys. Comparison of TBF estimates with previous studies that use older DXA instruments and software should be done with caution. DXA has not yet achieved sufficient reliability to be considered a " gold standard" for body composition assessment in pediatric studies. C1 [Shypailo, Roman J.; Butte, Nancy F.; Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypailo, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shypailo@bcm.edu NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.81 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 258QU UT WOS:000252883600034 PM 18239659 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, Steven A. TI Assessing mineral metabolism in children using stable isotopes SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Nutrition and Cancer in Children CY NOV 01-05, 2006 CL Puebla, MEXICO SP NCI, Off Int Affairs, NIH DE calcium; iron; mineral metabolism; stable isotopes ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; IRON-ABSORPTION; MULTICOMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS; CALCIUM KINETICS; MAGNESIUM; ZINC; INFANTS; DEFICIENCY; GROWTH; CANCER AB Mineral metabolism may be altered in children with acute or chronic illnesses. The effects may be short term, such as hypomagnesemia associated with chemotherapy, or long-term, such as loss of bone mineral mass after steroid use. Understanding the causes, consequences, and potential therapies for mineral disorders is enhanced by understanding the absorption, body utilization, and turnover of these minerals. These assessments can now be done safely and readily using non-radioactive, stable isotopes which are available for calcium, zinc, magnesium, and iron. The methods for measurement of mineral absorption and kinetics (turnover) are well established, especially for calcium, and have been tested in every age group. Few studies, however, have been performed in children with acute or chronic illnesses such as cancer. Isotope dosing and infusion protocols are minimally invasive and protocols require small blood or urine volumes. Mineral absorption can be assessed without collecting fecal samples. Kinetics are assessed with blood and urine collections, usually over 5-10 days. Increased use of these techniques may be important in medical and nutritional assessment as well as in the management of pediatric oncology patients. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1545-5009 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD FEB PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 SU S BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.1002/pbc.21417 PG 4 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 248IQ UT WOS:000252147200002 PM 18064657 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ AF Nachman, Ronald J. TI Invertebrate neuropeptides VIII - Introduction SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 288 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.008 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400001 PM 18243418 ER PT J AU Predel, R Russell, WK Russell, DH Lopez, J Esquivel, J Nachman, RJ AF Predel, Reinhard Russell, William K. Russell, David H. Lopez, Juan Esquivel, Jesus Nachman, Ronald J. TI Comparative peptidomics of four related hemipteran species: Pyrokinins, myosuppressin, corazonin, adipokinetic hormone, sNPF, and periviscerokinins SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference (INC 2007) CY 2007 CL Luang Prabang, LAOS DE FXPRLamide; CAPA-peptides; mass spectrometry; insect neuropeptides; Nezara viridula; Acrosternum hilare; Euschistus servus; Banasa dimiata; pentatomidae ID AMERICAN COCKROACH; PEPTIDES; NEUROPEPTIDES; FAMILY; CNS AB We performed the first comprehensive peptidomic analysis of neurohormones from hemipteran insects by analyzing the neuropeptides of two major neurohemal organs, namely the corpora cardiaca and abdominal perisympathetic organs. For the experiments we selected four related species of polyphagous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae), three of which are known to attack several important food crops. Peptide sequences were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; tandem fragmentation of myosuppressin, sNPF, CAPA-periviscerokinins and pyrokinins revealed novel sequences not known from other insects so far. Most Leu/ile and Glu/Lys ambiguities could be solved by either specific side-chain fragmentations or on-plate acetylation experiments. The identification of the specific sequences provides a solid basis for forthcoming pharmacological tests to study the neuroendocrine system of these pest insectes. However, it should be mentioned in this context that the sequences of the peptides from different stinkbugs are likely not representative of Hemiptera in general. The forth-coming release of the genome from the reduviid Rhodnius prolixus will provide sufficient data to clear this point. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Predel, Reinhard] Univ Jena, Inst Gen Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Predel, Reinhard; Lopez, Juan; Esquivel, Jesus; Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Aerawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Russell, William K.; Russell, David H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spect, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Gen Zool, Erbertstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM reinhard.predel@uni-jena.de; nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.034 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400003 PM 18201800 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Zdarek, J Nachman, RJ Denlinger, DL AF Zhang, Qirui Zdarek, Jan Nachman, Ronald J. Denlinger, David L. TI Diapause hormone in the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea: Optimum temperature for activity, structure-activity relationships, and efficacy in accelerating flesh fly pupariation SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference (INC 2007) CY 2007 CL Luang Prabang, LAOS DE diapause hormone; neuropeptide analogs; diapause termination; pupariation; Helicoverpa zea; Sarcophaga bullata ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; PUPAL DIAPAUSE; BOMBYX-MORI; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; PYROKININ/PBAN FAMILY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY AB Diapause hormone (DH) effectively terminated pupal diapause in Helicoverpa zea. This effect was temperature-dependent, with an optimum of 21 degrees C. The dose-response curve indicated an ED50 of DH for diapause termination of approximately 100 pmol. The core sequence and essential amino acids were determined by bioassays using modified and truncated DH analogs. A C-terminal hepta-peptide, LWFGPRLa, was the core sequence required for diapause termination. Activity was lost when Alanine was substituted for any of the amino acids in the hepta-peptide, with the exception of Glycine. A fragment series of analogs suggested that the amide and Arginine were the most important components needed for terminating diapause. Leucine, Tryptophan, and Phenylalanine at the N-terminus of the hepta-peptide were also critical for activity. The C-terminal Leucine was less important: deletion resulted in decreased activity, although it could not be substituted by Alanine. The fact that a portion of the DH sequence is similar to the pyrokinin that accelerates fly pupariation prompted us to also evaluate the capability of DH to accelerate development in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata. The threshold dose of DH essential to accelerate fly pupariation was 5 pmol for immobilization/retraction and longitudinal contraction and 10 pmol for tanning, approximately one or two orders of magnitude lower than the effective dose required for diapause termination in H. zea. Tensiometric measurements revealed that DH affected neuromuscular patterns of pupariation behavior and associated cuticular changes in a manner similar to that of the fly pyrokinins and their analogs. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Qirui; Denlinger, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zdarek, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Denlinger, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM denlinger.1@osu.edu RI Zhang, Qirui/C-6579-2011 OI Zhang, Qirui/0000-0002-2749-9740 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 EI 1873-5169 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.032 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400007 PM 18206265 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Nachman, RJ Aimanova, K Gill, S Adams, ME AF Kim, Young-Joon Nachman, Ronald J. Aimanova, Karlygash Gill, Sarjeet Adams, Michael E. TI The pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) receptor of Heliothis virescens: Identification, functional expression, and structure-activity relationships of ligand analogs SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference (INC 2007) CY 2007 CL Luang Prabang, LAOS DE Heliothis virescens; PBAN receptor; cDNA; binding site peptidomimetic ID MOTH HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BOMBYX-MORI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HORMONE; PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; ORGANIZATION; CORAZONIN AB Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) promotes synthesis and release of sex pheromones in moths. We have identified and functionally expressed a PBAN receptor from Heliothis virescens (HevPBANR) and elucidated structure-activity relationships of PBAN analogs. Screening of a larval CNS cDNA library revealed three putative receptor subtypes and nucleotide sequence comparisons suggest that they are produced through alternative splicing at the 3'-end. RT-PCR amplified preferentially HevPBANR-C from female pheromone glands. CHO cells expressing HevPBANR-C are highly sensitive to PBAN and related analogs, especially those sharing the C-terminal pentapeptide core, FXPRLamide (X = T, S or V). Alanine replacernents in the C-terminal hexapeptide (YFTPRLamide) revealed the relative importance of each residue in the active core as follows: R-5 > L-6 > F-2 >> p(4) > T-3 >> Y-1. This study provides a framework for the rational design of PBANR-specific agonists and/or antagonists that could be exploited for disruption of reproductive function in agriculturally important insect pests. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Young-Joon; Adams, Michael E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kim, Young-Joon; Aimanova, Karlygash; Gill, Sarjeet; Adams, Michael E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, APMRU SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Adams, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, 2103 Biol Sci Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM michael.adams@ucr.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 067310, R01 GM067310] NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400015 PM 18243415 ER PT J AU Audsley, N Matthews, J Nachman, RJ Weaver, RJ AF Audsley, Neil Matthews, June Nachman, Ronald J. Weaver, Robert J. TI Transepithelial flux of an allatostatin and analogs across the anterior midgut of Manduca sexta larvae in vitro SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference (INC 2007) CY 2007 CL Luang Prabang, LAOS DE neuropeptide; MALDI-TOF; mass spectrometry; insect; ussing chamber; ELISA ID PEPTIDASE-RESISTANT ANALOGS; MODULATING OOSTATIC FACTOR; LACANOBIA-OLERACEA LARVAE; TOF MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRONTAL GANGLION; PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; AMPHIPHILIC ANALOGS; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; TOBACCO HORNWORM AB The transepithelial flux of cydiastatin 4 and analogs across flat sheet preparations of the anterior midgut of larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth moth, Manduca sexta, was investigated using a combination of reversed-phase laigh-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The lumen to hemolymph (LH) flux of cydiastatin 4 was dose and time-dependent, with a maximum rate of flux of c. 178 pmol/cm(2)/h) measured after a 60-min incubation with 100 mu mol/l of peptide in the lumen bathing fluid. The rates of flux, L-H and H-L, across the isolated gut preparations were not significantly different. These data suggest that uptake across the anterior midgut of larval M. sexta is via a paracellular route. Cydiastatin 4 was modified to incorporate a hexanoic acid (Hex) moiety at the N-terminus, the N-terminus extended with 5 P residues and/or the substitution of G(7) with Fmoc-1-amino-cyclopropylcarboxylic acid (Acpc). The incorporation of hexanoic acid enhanced the uptake of these amphiphilic analogs compared to the native peptide. Analogs were also more resistant to enzymes in hemolymph and gut preparations from larval M. sexta. A modified N-terminus gave protection against aminopeptidase-like activity and incorporation of Acpc inhibited endopeptidase-like activity. Although analogs were stable in the hemolymph, they were susceptible to amidase-like activity in the gut, which appears to convert the C-terminal amide group to a free carboxylic acid, identified by an increase in I mass unit of the peptide analog. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Audsley, Neil; Matthews, June; Weaver, Robert J.] Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Audsley, N (reprint author), Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. EM n.audsley@csl.gov.uk NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 286 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.033 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400017 PM 18206264 ER PT J AU Taneja-Bageshwar, S Strey, A Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Pietrantonio, PV Nachman, RJ AF Taneja-Bageshwar, S. Strey, A. Kaczmarek, K. Zabrocki, J. Pietrantonio, P. V. Nachman, R. J. TI Comparison of insect kinin analogs with cis-peptide bond, type VI-turn motifs identifies optimal stereochemistry for interaction with a recombinant arthropod kinin receptor from the southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference (INC 2007) CY 2007 CL Luang Prabang, LAOS DE kinin; stereochemistry; arthropod ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; CONFORMATIONAL MIMICRY; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; TETRAZOLE ANALOGS; WATER-BALANCE; IXODIDAE; ACARI AB The multifunctional 'insect kinins' share the evolutionarily conserved C-terminal pentapeptide motif Phe-X(1)-X(2)-Trp-Gly-NH(2), where X(1) = His, Asn, Ser, or Tyr and X(2) = Ser, Pro, or Ala; and are associated with the regulation of diuresis in a variety of species of insects. We previously reported the functional expression of a southern cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by insect kinins. Four different stereochemical variants of each of the 4-aminopyroglutamic acid (APy) and tetrazole moieties, mimics of a cis-peptide bond, type VI beta-turn in insect kinins were now evaluated on the expressed tick receptor using a calcium bioluminescence plate assay. This study represents the first investigation of the interaction of restricted-conformation analogs incorporating components that mimic specific conformations and/or peptide bond orientations in an expressed arthropod neuropeptide receptor. Analog Ac-RF[APy]WGa (2R,4S) was at least 10-fold more active than the other analogs, thus identifying the optimal stereochemistry for tick receptor interaction. The optimal stereochemistry for the tetrazole insect kinin analogs in the tick receptor assay was identified as (D,L). The APy is superior to the tetrazole as a scaffold for the design of mimetic insect kinin analogs. These biostable analogs provide new tools for arthropod endocrinologists and potential leads in the development of selective, environmentally friendly arthropod pest control agents capable of disrupting insect kinin regulated processes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Taneja-Bageshwar, S.; Pietrantonio, P. V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Strey, A.; Kaczmarek, K.; Zabrocki, J.; Nachman, R. J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Kaczmarek, K.; Zabrocki, J.] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RP Pietrantonio, PV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM p-pietrantonio@tamu.edu; nachman@tamu.edu RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.024 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400018 PM 18192082 ER PT J AU Taneja-Bageshwar, S Strey, A Zubrzak, P Williams, H Reyes-Rangel, G Juaristi, E Pietrantonio, P Nachman, RJ AF Taneja-Bageshwar, Suparna Strey, Allison Zubrzak, Pawel Williams, Howard Reyes-Rangel, Gloria Juaristi, Eusebio Pietrantonio, Patricia Nachman, Ronald J. TI Identification of selective and non-selective, biostable beta-amino acid agonists of recombinant insect kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus and mosquito Aedes aegypti SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference (INC 2007) CY 2007 CL Luang Prabang, LAOS DE beta-amino acids; kinins; kinin receptors; neuropeptides; peptides ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; CONSENSUS CHEMISTRY; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; WATER-BALANCE; ANALOGS AB The multifunctional arthropod 'insect kinins' share the evolutionarily conserved C-terminal pentapeptide motif Phe-X-1-X-2-Trp-Gly-NH2, where X-1 = His, Asn, Ser, or Tyr and X-2 = Ser, Pro, or Ala. Eight different analogs of the insect kinin C-terminal pentapeptide active core in which the critical residues Phe(1), Pro(3) and Trp(4) are replaced with beta(3)-amino acid and/or their beta(2)-amino acid counterparts were evaluated on recombinant insect kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). A number of these analogs previously demonstrated enhanced resistance to degradation by peptidases. Single-replacement analog beta(2)Trp(4) and double-replacement analog [beta(3) Phe(2), beta(3)Pro(3)] of the insect kinins proved to be selective agonists for the tick receptor, whereas single-replacement analog beta(3)Pro(3) and double-replacement analog [beta(3)Phe, beta(3)Pro(3)] were strong agonists on both mosquito and tick receptors. These biostable analogs represent new tools for arthropod endocrinologists and potential leads in the development of selective, environmentally friendly arthropod pest control agents capable of disrupting insect kinin-regulated processes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Taneja-Bageshwar, Suparna; Pietrantonio, Patricia] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Strey, Allison; Zubrzak, Pawel; Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Williams, Howard] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Reyes-Rangel, Gloria; Juaristi, Eusebio] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Chem, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Pietrantonio, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM p-pietrantonio@tamu.edu; nachman@tamu.edu NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.034 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 272GR UT WOS:000253848400019 PM 18207610 ER PT J AU Held, DW Boyd, DW AF Held, David W. Boyd, David W., Jr. TI Evaluation of sticky traps and insecticides to prevent gall induction by Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae) on Ficus benjamina SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gynaikothrips uzeli; weeping fig; IPM; insecticides; sticky traps; Thripastichus gentilei; Eulophidae ID LAUREL THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; BIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman was first detected in North America from galls on weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) in 2003. It has been reported from ten states in the continental United States, Hawaii, Trinidad and Costa Rica. Adult thrips induce leaves to fold permanently along the midvein, making it a significant pest of weeping fig. Studies were initiated to determine monitoring methods and establish control recommendations. RESULTS: Comparison of captures of adult G. uzeli on blue, yellow, white and green sticky traps found yellow to be the most effective color. Yellow traps were effective for capturing adult Thripastichus gentilei (del Guercio), a larval parasitoid of G. uzeli. Thrips were first captured around 10:00 h. Captures peaked around 15:00-16:00 h and typically ceased by 21:00 h. Systemic neonicotinoid insecticides applied to container media were ineffective against adult G. uzeli feeding on foliage, and foliar applications of these products provided <= 7 days control. Conventional products provided satisfactory control after 1 day, but efficacy declined thereafter. Bifenthrin provided >= 14 days residual control of adults. CONCLUSION: This paper represents the first report of monitoring phlaeothripids with sticky traps. Data from multiple trials suggest that products effective against other thrips have limited use against G. uzeli. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Held, David W.] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. [Boyd, David W., Jr.] USDA ARS, So Horticulture Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Held, DW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, 1815 Popps Ferry Rd, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. EM david.held@msstate.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1002/ps.1483 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 260WI UT WOS:000253040700006 PM 18069654 ER PT J AU LeClere, S Schmelz, EA Chourey, PS AF LeClere, Sherry Schmelz, Eric A. Chourey, Prem S. TI Cell wall invertase-deficient miniature1 kernels have altered phytohormone levels SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Gramineae; maize; phytohormone analysis; indole-3-acetic acid; salicylic acid; jasmonic acid; abscisic acid; cell wall invertase; miniature1; INCW2 ID ZEA-MAYS-L; EXTRACELLULAR INVERTASE; ABSCISIC-ACID; CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; SEED DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC-CONTROL; JASMONIC ACID; MAIZE AB The Zea mays (maize) miniature1 (Mn1) locus encodes the cell wall invertase INCW2, which is localized predominantly in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) of developing kernels and catalyzes conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose. Mutations in Mn1 result in numerous changes that include a small kernel phenotype resulting from both decreased cell size and number. To explore the pleiotropic effects of this mutation, we investigated the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic, acid (JA) in basal regions, upper regions, and embryos of developing kernels in the inbred line W22. We measured phytohormones from 6 to 28 days after pollination (DAP) in wild type (WT) and two alleles of mn1, mn1-1 and mn1-89. IAA was the predominant hormone in kernels, with WT levels of free IAA accumulating over time to more than 2 mu g/g of fresh weight. Kernels of mn1-1 accumulated up to 10-fold less IAA than WT, and levels of IAA sugar conjugates were similarly reduced. Although less abundant, differences were also observed in levels of ABA, JA, and SA between WT and the mn1 alleles. SA levels were increased by as much as 10-fold in mn1-1, and mn1-89 displayed intermediate SA levels at most timepoints. These findings indicate that invertase-mediated sucrose cleavage directly or indirectly regulates the levels of key plant hormones during seed development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [LeClere, Sherry; Schmelz, Eric A.; Chourey, Prem S.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med & Vet Entomol, Chem Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM sherry.leclere@monsanto.com OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 53 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 692 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 278TY UT WOS:000254310400011 PM 17964617 ER PT J AU Suga, H Karugia, GW Ward, T Gale, LR Tomimura, K Nakajima, T Miyasaka, A Koizumi, S Kageyama, K Hyakumachi, M AF Suga, H. Karugia, G. W. Ward, T. Gale, L. R. Tomimura, K. Nakajima, T. Miyasaka, A. Koizumi, S. Kageyama, K. Hyakumachi, M. TI Molecular characterization of the Fusarium graminearum species complex in Japan SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fusarium head blight; scab ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; WHEAT; GENE; POLYMORPHISM; CHEMOTYPES; CULMORUM; ASSAYS; PCR AB Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex are important cereal pathogens worldwide and belong to one of at least nine phylogenetically distinct species. We examined 298 strains of the F. graminearum species complex collected from wheat or barley in Japan to determine the species and trichothecene chemotype. Phylogenetic analyses and species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPs) revealed the presence and differential distribution of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) and F. asiaticum in Japan. F. graminearum s. str. is predominant in the north, especially in the Hokkaido area, while F. asiaticum is predominant in southern regions. In the Tohoku area, these species co-occurred. Trichothecene chemo-typing of all strains by multiplex PCR revealed significantly different chemotype compositions. of these species. All 50 strains of F. graminearum s. str. were of a 15- or 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol type, while 173 (70%) out of 246 strains of F. asiaticum were of a nivalenol type. The possibility of gene flow between the two species was investigated by use of 15 PCR-RFLP markers developed in this study. However, no obvious hybrids were detected from 98 strains examined, including strains collected from regions where both species co-occur. C1 [Suga, H.] Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan. [Karugia, G. W.; Hyakumachi, M.] Gifu Univ, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Gifu 5011193, Japan. [Ward, T.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gale, L. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tomimura, K.; Nakajima, T.] Natl Agr & Biooriented Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Reg, Kumamoto 8611192, Japan. [Miyasaka, A.] Natl Agr & Biooriented Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Tsukuba 3058666, Japan. [Koizumi, S.] Natl Agr & Biooriented Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr Tohoku Reg, Akita 0140102, Japan. [Kageyama, K.] Gifu Univ, River Basin Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan. RP Suga, H (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 5011193, Japan. EM suga@gifu-u.ac.jp NR 30 TC 80 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-2-0159 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 254UA UT WOS:000252612300003 PM 18943192 ER PT J AU Rolshausen, PE Greve, LC Labavitch, JM Mahoney, NE Molyneux, RJ Gubler, WD AF Rolshausen, P. E. Greve, L. C. Labavitch, J. M. Mahoney, N. E. Molyneux, R. J. Gubler, W. D. TI Pathogenesis of Eutypa lata in grapevine: Identification of virulence factors and biochemical characterization of cordon dieback SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ascomycetes; fungi; gas chromatography; soft-rot; xylariales ID DYING-ARM DISEASE; VITIS-VINIFERA; CAUSAL AGENT; ROT FUNGI; SOFT-ROT; FR TUL; WOOD; XYLEM; BIODEGRADATION; INDUCTION AB Eutypa Iota is a vascular pathogen of woody plants. In the present study we (i) determined which component(s) of the cell wall polymers were degraded in naturally infected grapevines and in artificially inoculated grape wood blocks; (ii) compared the pattern of wood decay in the tolerant grape cv. Merlot versus the susceptible cv. Cabernet Sauvignon; and (iii) identified secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes expressed by E. Iota during wood degradation. Biochemical analyses and a cytochemical study indicated that glucose-rich polymers were primary targets of E. Iota. Structural glucose and xylose of the hemicellulose fraction of the plant cell wall and starch were depleted in infected woods identically in both cultivars. Moreover, the more tolerant cv. Merlot always had more lignin in the wood than the susceptible cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, indicating that this polymer may play a role in disease resistance. In vitro assays demonstrated the production by E. lata of oxidases, glycosidases and starch degrading enzymes. Phytotoxic secondary metabolites were also produced but our data suggest that they may bind to the wood. Finally, we demonstrated that free glucose in liquid cultures repressed primary but not secondary metabolism. C1 [Rolshausen, P. E.; Greve, L. C.; Labavitch, J. M.; Gubler, W. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mahoney, N. E.; Molyneux, R. J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gubler, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wdgubler@ucdavis.edu NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-2-0222 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 254UA UT WOS:000252612300010 PM 18943199 ER PT J AU Remsberg, CM Yanez, JA Ohgami, Y Vega-Villa, KR Rimando, AM Davies, NM AF Remsberg, Connie M. Yanez, Jaime A. Ohgami, Yusuke Vega-Villa, Karina R. Rimando, Agnes M. Davies, Neal M. TI Pharmacometrics of pterostilbene: Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activity SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; pterostilbene; stilbene; anticancer; antiinflammatory; colitis ID PTEROCARPUS-MARSUPIUM; TRANS-RESVERATROL; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; VITIS-VINIFERA; C ELICITATION; RAT; PICEATANNOL; INHIBITION; BERRIES; ANTINOCICEPTION AB The present study evaluated the preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of trans-pterostilbene, a constituent of some plants. Right jugular vein cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed i.v. with 20 mg/kg of pterostilbene and samples were analysed by the reverse phase HPLC method. Serum AUC, serum t(1/2), urine t(1/2), CItotal and Vd(beta) were 17.5 +/- 6.6 mu g/h/mL, 1.73 +/- 0.78 h, 17.3 +/- 5.6 h, 0.960 +/- 0.025 L/h/kg and 2.41 +/- 1.13 L/kg (mean +/- SEM), respectively. A pterostilbene glucuronidated metabolite was detected in both serum and urine. The in vitro metabolism in rat liver microsomes furthermore suggests phase II metabolism of pterostilbene. Pterostilbene demonstrated concentration-dependent anticancer activity in five cancer cell lines (1-100 mu g/mL). An in vitro colitis model showed concentration-dependent suppression of PGE(2) production in the media of HT-29 cells. Antiinflammatory activity was examined by inducing inflammation in canine chondrocytes followed by treatment with pterostilbene, (1-100 mu g/mL). The results showed decreased levels of MMP-3, sGAG and TNF-alpha compared with control levels. Pterostilbene exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS method. Pterostilbene increased the latency period to response in both tail-flick and hot-plate analgesic tests. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Remsberg, Connie M.; Yanez, Jaime A.; Ohgami, Yusuke; Vega-Villa, Karina R.; Davies, Neal M.] Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci & Pharmacol & Toxicol, Grad Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Davies, NM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, POB 646534, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ndavies@wsu.edu RI Yanez, Jaime/I-6972-2013; Davies, Neal/J-5811-2013 OI Yanez, Jaime/0000-0002-9713-1829; NR 40 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 32 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1002/ptr.2277 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 277QE UT WOS:000254229000006 PM 17726731 ER PT J AU Campbell, LG Miller, J Rekoske, M Smith, LJ AF Campbell, L. G. Miller, J. Rekoske, M. Smith, L. J. TI Performance of sugar beet hybrids with sugar beet root maggot-resistant pollinators SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Tetanops myopaeformis; host plant resistance AB Sugar beet root maggot (SBRM; Tetanops myopaeformis) is a major insect pest of sugar beet throughout much of North America. Two insecticides with the same mode of action are used almost exclusively for SBRM control. Alternative control strategies would be required if insecticide-resistant SBRM developed or the insecticides were no longer available due to regulatory actions. Germplasm lines with SBRM resistance are available, but information on the SBRM resistance of hybrid cultivars created by crossing these lines with a SBRM-susceptible cms parental line is lacking. This study compared the performance of four hybrids with SBRM-resistant pollinators to two susceptible hybrids, with and without insecticide, in four environments. In all environments, the hybrids with the SBRM-resistant pollinators and no insecticide had root yields equal to the SBRM-susceptible commercial hybrid with insecticide. In two environments, the root yields of the SBRM-susceptible hybrids were low and the difference between the root yields with and without insecticide was relatively small, indicating the insecticide was ineffective. In contrast, the root yields of the SBRM-resistant hybrids, with or without insecticide, in these trials were substantially higher than the susceptible hybrids and similar to corresponding root yields at the other sites. Based upon these trials, it appears that hybrids produced with the currently available resistance sources would have sufficient SBRM resistance to prevent catastrophic yield reductions due to SBRM feeding, could reduce uncertainty caused by fluctuations in insecticide effectiveness, would provide protection against the development of insecticide-resistant SBRM strains, and also provide a useful level of SBRM protection, if the current insecticides were no longer available. C1 [Campbell, L. G.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Miller, J.; Rekoske, M.] Betaseed Inc, Shakopee, MN 55379 USA. [Smith, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. RP Campbell, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM campbell@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 127 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 252LI UT WOS:000252447600009 ER PT J AU Weebadde, CK Wang, D Finn, CE Lewers, KS Luby, JJ Bushakra, J Sjulin, TM Hancock, JF AF Weebadde, C. K. Wang, D. Finn, C. E. Lewers, K. S. Luby, J. J. Bushakra, J. Sjulin, T. M. Hancock, J. F. TI Using a linkage mapping approach to identify QTL for day-neutrality in the octoploid strawberry SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa; everbearing strawberries; photoperiod insensitivity; AFLPs; QTL mapping ID SEASONAL-FLOWERING-LOCUS; FRAGARIA-XANANASSA DUCH.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY; EVERBEARING STRAWBERRIES; CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY; RICE; INHERITANCE; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS AB A linkage mapping approach was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with day-neutrality in the commercial strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa (Duch ex Rozier). Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to build a genetic map with a population of 127 lines developed by crossing the day-neutral (DN) 'Tribute' with the short-day (SD) 'Honeoye'. The population was genotyped with AFLP markers and 429 single dose restriction fragments (SDRF) were placed on a consensus map of 1541 cM with 43 linkage groups. Individuals from the mapping population were observed for their flowering habit throughout the growing season in Michigan (MI), Minnesota (MN), Maryland (MD), Oregon (OR) and California (CA). Eight QTL were found that were either location specific or shared among locations. None of these QTL explained > 36% of the phenotypic variation, indicating that the inheritance of day-neutrality is likely a polygenic trait. C1 [Weebadde, C. K.; Wang, D.; Hancock, J. F.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finn, C. E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lewers, K. S.] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Luby, J. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bushakra, J.; Sjulin, T. M.] Driscoll Strawberry Associates Inc, Watsonville, CA 95077 USA. RP Weebadde, CK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM weebadde@msu.edu NR 42 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 127 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01430.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 252LI UT WOS:000252447600017 ER PT J AU Leivar, P Monte, E Al-Sady, B Carle, C Storer, A Alonso, JM Ecker, JR Quail, PH AF Leivar, Pablo Monte, Elena Al-Sady, Bassem Carle, Christine Storer, Alyssa Alonso, Jose M. Ecker, Joseph R. Quail, Peter H. TI The Arabidopsis phytochrome-interacting factor PIF7, together with PIF3 and PIF4, regulates responses to prolonged red light by modulating phyB levels SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; PLANT PHOTORECEPTORS PHYTOCHROME; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY; SHADE-AVOIDANCE-RESPONSE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; GENOME-WIDE; THALIANA AB We show that a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) phytochrome interacting factor (PIF), designated PIF7, interacts specifically with the far-red light-absorbing Pfr form of phyB through a conserved domain called the active phyB binding motif. Similar to PIF3, upon light exposure, PIF7 rapidly migrates to intranuclear speckles, where it colocalizes with phyB. However, in striking contrast to PIF3, this process is not accompanied by detectable light-induced phosphorylation or degradation of PIF7, suggesting that the consequences of interaction with photoactivated phyB may differ among PIFs. Nevertheless, PIF7 acts similarly to PIF3 in prolonged red light as a weak negative regulator of phyB-mediated seedling deetiolation. Examination of pif3, pif4, and pif7 double mutant combinations shows that their moderate hypersensitivity to extended red light is additive. We provide evidence that the mechanism by which these PIFs operate on the phyB signaling pathway under prolonged red light is through maintaining low phyB protein levels, in an additive or synergistic manner, via a process likely involving the proteasome pathway. These data suggest that the role of these phyB-interacting bHLH factors in modulating seedling deetiolation in prolonged red light may not be as phy-activated signaling intermediates, as proposed previously, but as direct modulators of the abundance of the photoreceptor. C1 [Leivar, Pablo; Monte, Elena; Al-Sady, Bassem; Carle, Christine; Storer, Alyssa; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leivar, Pablo; Monte, Elena; Al-Sady, Bassem; Carle, Christine; Storer, Alyssa; Quail, Peter H.] Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Alonso, Jose M.; Ecker, Joseph R.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Plant Biol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ecker, Joseph/B-9144-2008; Alonso, Jose/K-6826-2014; Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Leivar, Pablo/D-7808-2017 OI Ecker, Joseph/0000-0001-5799-5895; Alonso, Jose/0000-0001-7087-1571; Leivar, Pablo/0000-0003-4878-3684 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-47475, R01 GM047475] NR 71 TC 132 Z9 148 U1 8 U2 39 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1105/tpc.107.052142 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 308UL UT WOS:000256415400011 PM 18252845 ER PT J AU Wan, JR Zhang, XC Neece, D Ramonell, KM Clough, S Kim, SY Stacey, MG Stacey, G AF Wan, Jinrong Zhang, Xue-Cheng Neece, David Ramonell, Katrina M. Clough, Steve Kim, Sung-yong Stacey, Minviluz G. Stacey, Gary TI A LysM receptor-like kinase plays a critical role in chitin signaling and fungal resistance in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; N-ACETYLCHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDE ELICITOR; PLANT CHITINASES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; INNATE IMMUNITY; TOMATO CELLS; NOD FACTOR AB Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, is found in fungal cell walls but not in plants. Plant cells can perceive chitin fragments (chitooligosaccharides) leading to gene induction and defense responses. We identified a LysM receptor-like protein (LysM RLK1) required for chitin signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. The mutation in this gene blocked the induction of almost all chitooligosaccharide-responsive genes and led to more susceptibility to fungal pathogens but had no effect on infection by a bacterial pathogen. Additionally, exogenously applied chitooligosaccharides enhanced resistance against both fungal and bacterial pathogens in the wild-type plants but not in the mutant. Together, our data indicate that LysM RLK1 is essential for chitin signaling in plants (likely as part of the receptor complex) and is involved in chitin-mediated plant innate immunity. The LysM RLK1-mediated chitin signaling pathway is unique, but it may share a conserved downstream pathway with the FLS2/flagellin- and EFR/EF-Tu-mediated signaling pathways. Additionally, our work suggests a possible evolutionary relationship between the chitin and Nod factor perception mechanisms due to the similarities between their potential receptors and between the signal molecules perceived by them. C1 [Wan, Jinrong; Zhang, Xue-Cheng; Kim, Sung-yong; Stacey, Minviluz G.; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Neece, David; Clough, Steve] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ramonell, Katrina M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Clough, Steve] USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM staceyg@missouri.edu RI poinssot, benoit/B-2569-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R15 GM073630, R15 GM073630-01] NR 52 TC 302 Z9 322 U1 12 U2 66 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1105/tpc.107.056754 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 308UL UT WOS:000256415400020 PM 18263776 ER PT J AU Klink, VP MacDonald, MH Martins, VE Park, SC Kim, KH Baek, SH Matthews, BF AF Klink, Vincent P. MacDonald, Margaret H. Martins, Veronica E. Park, Soo-Chul Kim, Kyung-Hwan Baek, So-Hyeon Matthews, Benjamin F. TI MiniMax, a new diminutive Glycine max genotype with a rapid life cycle, embryogenic potential and transformation capabilities SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE MiniMax; Glycine max; somatic embryogenesis ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; MEDIATED DNA TRANSFER; AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; HAIRY ROOTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; IMMATURE COTYLEDONS; HIGHER-PLANTS; 35S PROMOTER AB We developed Glycine max cv MiniMax (PI643148) that has a rapid life cycle, short stature and characteristic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that could make it useful for mutant screening, functional genomics, genetic mapping and other studies involving soybeans. We demonstrate that MiniMax is able to make somatic embryos (SEs) that rapidly develop into plantlets. Thus, the rapid cycling habit carries over into aspects of plant regeneration. Chimaeras (having transformed roots with untransformed aerial stocks) have been produced rapidly under non-axenic conditions using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Part of these experiments involved the engineering an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter cassette outside the multi-cloning site of a plant expression vector, permitting non-invasive visual screening of the transformed roots. The rapid cycling growth habit of MiniMax, its ability to efficiently generate SEs and ability to be transformed should prove useful for basic aspects of G. max molecular and genetic research. C1 [Klink, Vincent P.; MacDonald, Margaret H.; Martins, Veronica E.; Matthews, Benjamin F.] USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Kyung-Hwan] Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Cell & Genet Div, Suwon 441100, South Korea. [Baek, So-Hyeon] Honam Agr Res Inst, NICS, RDA, Iksan 570080, South Korea. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heartwood27@hotmail.com NR 46 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s11240-007-9323-3 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 244XY UT WOS:000251900000008 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Kitner, M McDonald, V Goss, EM AF Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Kitner, Megan McDonald, Virginia Goss, Erica M. TI Susceptibility in Viburnum to Phytophthora ramorum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; IN-VITRO; PATHOGEN; OREGON; RHODODENDRON; INOCULATION; NURSERIES AB Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death on oak and tanoak and Ramorum blight or Ramorum shoot dieback on ornamentals, is a recently emerged pathogen. Viburnum is a genus of commonly grown ornamental shrubs known to be susceptible to P. ramorum. The entire genus has been placed on the P. ramorum host list. The range of susceptibility of genotypes in the genus is currently not understood. We evaluated whether or not cultivars in the genus Viburnum differ in susceptibility to P. ramorum in controlled, detached leaf inoculations using two isolates belonging to the two clonal lineages found in Oregon. The genus Viburnum shows remarkable differences in susceptibility to infection by P. ramorum. Viburnum genotypes differed significantly in susceptibility to P. ramorum in detached leaf inoculations. V. x burkwoodii was consistently the most susceptible host genotype, followed by V. plicatum 'Mariesii' and V. lentago. Most cultivars evaluated for resistance to P. ramorum were not susceptible or developed only small lesions as determined with a detached leaf assay. Our work only provides information on leaf based resistance, and inferences on epidemic development in whole canopies and under field conditions cannot currently be made. C1 [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.; Goss, Erica M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Kitner, Megan; McDonald, Virginia] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM grunwain@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0210 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000003 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Harrington, TC Rabaglia, RJ Ulyshen, MD Mayfield, AE Hanula, JL Eickwort, JM Miller, DR AF Fraedrich, S. W. Harrington, T. C. Rabaglia, R. J. Ulyshen, M. D. Mayfield, A. E., III Hanula, J. L. Eickwort, J. M. Miller, D. R. TI A fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle causes a lethal wilt in redbay and other Lauraceae in the southeastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLATYPUS-QUERCIVORUS COLEOPTERA; RAFFAELEA-QUERCIVORA; SCOLYTIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; PLATYPODIDAE; INOCULATION; FAGACEAE; NORTH; BARK; KEY AB Extensive mortality of redbay has been observed in the coastal plain counties of Georgia and southeastern South Carolina since 2003 and northeastern Florida since 2005. We show that the redbay mortality is due to a vascular wilt disease caused by an undescribed Raffaelea sp. that is a fungal symbiont of Xyleborus glabratus, an exotic ambrosia beetle. Trees affected by the disease exhibit wilt symptoms that include a black discoloration of the sapwood. Redbay trees and containerized seedlings died within 5 to 12 weeks after inoculation with the Raffaelea sp. When redbay seedlings were challenged with X. glabratus, the beetles tunneled into 96% of the plants, 70% died, and the Raffaelea sp. was recovered from 91%. X. glabratus and the Raffaelea sp. have also been associated with mortality of sassafras, and the Raffaelea sp. has been isolated from wilted pondberry and pondspice. Additional inoculation studies have shown that the Raffaelea sp. is pathogenic to sassafras, spicebush, and avocado, but not to red maple. Female adults of X. glabratus have paired mycangia near the mandibles, and the Raffaelea sp. is routinely isolated from the heads of beetles. The fungus is apparently introduced into healthy redbay during beetle attacks on steins and branches. The wilt currently affecting redbay and sassafras represents a major threat to other members of the Lauraceae indigenous to the Americas, including avocado in commercial production. C1 [Fraedrich, S. W.; Ulyshen, M. D.; Hanula, J. L.; Miller, D. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harrington, T. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rabaglia, R. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Mayfield, A. E., III; Eickwort, J. M.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Forestry, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfracchich@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 181 Z9 189 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0215 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000004 ER PT J AU Bajet, NB Unruh, TR Druffel, KL Eastwell, KC AF Bajet, N. B. Unruh, T. R. Druffel, K. L. Eastwell, K. C. TI Occurrence of two little cherry viruses in sweet cherry in Washington State SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IMPROVED RNA EXTRACTION; RT-PCR ASSAY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DISEASE; CLOSTEROVIRUS; PRUNUS; ORGANIZATION; PATHOGENS AB Little cherry disease, one of the major viral diseases of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) worldwide, is associated with either of two closteroviruses, Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) and Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2). Two sets of primers corresponding to a portion of the replicase gene of LChV-1 and LChV-2 were used in one-tube reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions to detect these viruses in total RNA extracts of field-collected sweet cherry tissues. LChV-1 and LChV-2 were detected both alone and in combination in five sweet cherry orchards in Washington State. Sequence analysis of a 240-nucleotide (m) fragment of the replicase open reading frame. (ORF)1b and a 232-nt fragment from a portion of ORF8 and the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of LChV-1 indicated that North American (NA) isolates shared 90 to 99% nucleotide identity in both genome segments analyzed. In contrast, comparisons of NA isolates to two Eurasian isolates of LChV-1 indicated shared nucleotide identities of 79 to 82% in the replicase fragment and 89 to 90% in the ORF8/3'UTR fragment. Sequence variation in the replicase region did not affect detection of LChV-1 in 12 isolates using the replicase-specific primers reported here. This article represents the first report of LChV-1 and LChV-2 in sweet cherry in Washington. C1 [Bajet, N. B.; Unruh, T. R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Druffel, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Eastwell, K. C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Unruh, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Thomas.Unruh@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0234 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000006 ER PT J AU Yokomi, RK Mello, AFS Saponari, M Fletcher, J AF Yokomi, Raymond K. Mello, Alexandre F. S. Saponari, Maria Fletcher, Jacqueline TI Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Spiroplasma citri associated with citrus stubborn disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology ID CIRCULIFER-TENELLUS; ADHESION; STRAINS; DESIGN AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of citrus stubborn disease was improved using primers based on sequences of the P89 putative adhesin gene and the P58 putative adhesin multigene of Spiroplasma citri. Real-time PCR also was developed with detection limits estimated to be between 10(-4) and 10(-4) ng by serial dilution of a recombinant S. citri plasmid into DNA extracts from healthy Madam Vinous sweet orange. PCR for the detection of S. citri by these new primers was validated by comparing culturing of the pathogen, the traditional method of diagnosis, with PCR assays from samples taken from two citrus plots in Kern County, CA. Fruit columella was collected from 384 and 377 individual trees in each of two fields, respectively; one portion was used for culturing and the other for DNA extraction and PCR. PCR results matched those of culturing 85 to 100% of the time depending on the primers used. More importantly, PCR detected S. citri from culture-negative trees in 5 to 15% of the cases, suggesting that PCR performed as well or better than culturing for detection of S. citri in field samples. Real-time PCR proved to be the best method for detection. Differential reaction of the samples to the P58 primer pairs suggested that two populations of S. citri occur in historical and present-day field isolates. Citrus stubborn disease incidence was estimated to be 58.3 and 3.7% in the two orchards. The results presented here support the use of PCR for reliable detection of S. citri in field trees. C1 [Yokomi, Raymond K.; Saponari, Maria] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mello, Alexandre F. S.; Fletcher, Jacqueline] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Yokomi, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ray.yokomi@ars.usda.gov OI SAPONARI, MARIA/0000-0001-9195-4624 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0253 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000009 ER PT J AU Hayslett, M Juzwik, J Moltzan, B AF Hayslett, Maya Juzwik, Jennifer Moltzan, Bruce TI Three Colopterus beetle species carry the oak wilt fungus to fresh wounds on red oak in Missouri SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE insect vectors; Quercus spp. ID NITIDULIDAE; MINNESOTA; COLEOPTERA; VECTORS; SPREAD AB Beetles in the family Nitidulidae can transmit the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum, to fresh wounds on healthy oak trees, leading to infection and disease development. Historically, nitidulid beetles have not been considered important vectors of the pathogen in Missouri. Studies were conducted in the spring of 2005 and 2006 to determine frequencies of nitidulid beetle species contaminated with C. fagacearum visiting fresh wounds on red oak trees in central Missouri. Colopterus truncatus, C. niger, and C. semitectus were the most abundant species collected from fresh wounds and the only species found to be contaminated with Ceratocystis fagacearum. Of 230 beetles assayed for C. fagacearum, 23 yielded the fungus. Contamination frequencies were higher for beetles collected in April than May; no beetles collected in June were contaminated. We hypothesize that Colopterus truncatus, C. niger, and C. semitectus are principal nitidulid beetle vector species in Missouri during spring. The risk for pathogen transmission by these beetles appears to be greatest in April and least in June. C1 [Hayslett, Maya] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53206 USA. [Juzwik, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Moltzan, Bruce] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Hayslett, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53206 USA. EM mch@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0270 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000011 ER PT J AU Fritschi, FB Lin, H Walker, MA AF Fritschi, Felix B. Lin, Hong Walker, M. Andrew TI Scanning electron Microscopy reveals different response pattern of four Vitis genotypes to Xylella fastidiosa infection SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PIERCES DISEASE BACTERIUM; WATER-STRESS; GRAPEVINE SUSCEPTIBILITY; PASSIVE MECHANISM; MUSCADINE GRAPE; RESISTANCE; SYMPTOMS; CULTIVARS; VINIFERA; STEMS AB The xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease (PD), whose disease symptoms are primarily the result of xylem vessel blockage in susceptible grapevines. Stein internode and petiole tissues from infected and uninfected control plants of four grape genotypes (Vitis vinifera, V. rufotomentosa, V. smalliana, and V. arizonica/candicans) differing in PD susceptibility were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tyloses, fibrillar networks, and gum plugs were observed in lumens of tracheary elements in petioles and internodes of both water-inoculated control plants and X. fastidiosa-inoculated plants of all genotypes. Bacteria were not observed in control plants. In both petiole and internode tissues, the greatest number of occluded xylem vessels were observed in V. vinifera and the smallest number in V arizonica/candicans. The number of xylem vessels infested with X. fastidiosa was greatest in V vinifera and did not differ among the other three genotypes. Systemic infection was found in all genotypes. The frequency with which X. fastidiosa infested vessels were observed using SEM corresponded well with bacterial levels estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among infected plants, tylose formation in internodes was lowest in V. arizonica/candicans and did not differ among the other three genotypes. Infection with X. fastidiosa strongly induced tylose formation in V. vinifera and V. smalliana but not in V. arizonica/candicans. Analysis across tissues and genotypes indicated an induction of fibrillar networks and gum occlusions in response to X. fastidiosa infection, whereas treatment comparisons within genotypes were not significant except for V. vinifera petioles. Limiting the spread of X. fastidiosa infection by xylem conduit occlusions does not appear to be the mechanism conferring PD resistance or tolerance to V. arizonica/candicans, V smalliana, or V. rufotomentosa. In contrast, the strong induction of tyloses may be detrimental rather than beneficial for V. vinifera survival after X. fastidiosa infection. C1 [Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Fritschi, Felix B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Walker, M. Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0276 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000012 ER PT J AU Njoroge, SMC Riley, MB Keinath, AP AF Njoroge, Samuel M. C. Riley, Melissa B. Keinath, Anthony P. TI Effect of incorporation of Brassica spp. residues on population densities of soilborne microorganisms and on damping-off and Fusarium wilt of watermelon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum; Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium rolfsii ID NAPUS SEED MEAL; BORNE-FUNGAL-PATHOGENS; F-SP-NIVEUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOIL AMENDMENT; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY; CABBAGE RESIDUES; PLANT-PATHOGENS; GREEN MANURE AB Incorporating Brassica spp. residue to reduce populations of soilborne fungi and manage damping-off and Fusarium wilt of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) was studied in two field experiments. Treatments included incorporating flowering Brassica napus cv. Dwarf Essex canola or B. juncea cv. Cutlass mustard and laying black polyethylene mulch at incorporation or 1 month after incorporation, methyl bromide, and a nontreated control. In both years, glucosinolates were identified and quantified in the shoots and roots of the flowering plants. In both years, the total concentration of glucosinolates incorporated per square meter was significantly higher for B. juncea than for B. napus. Isothiocyanates were inconsistently detected in the amended soils and none were detected more than 12 days postincorporation. After incorporation in 2004 and 2005, amended plots had higher populations of Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. than the methyl bromide treatment, and in some treatments, populations were higher than in the control. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were not suppressed in amended soils, and their populations were significantly higher in some amended treatments than those in methyl bromide-treated soils or nontreated control soils. Incidence of damping-off and severity of Fusarium wilt on seedless watermelon cv. Tri-X 313, which is susceptible to Fusarium wilt, were not consistently lower in brassica-amended soils or methyl bromide-treated plots than in nontreated control plots. Therefore, under spring conditions and methods used in this study, neither biofumigation nor methyl bromide fumigation in coastal South Carolina was an effective disease management tool for two soilborne pathogens of watermelon. C1 [Njoroge, Samuel M. C.] USDA ARS, Univ Calif Davis, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Riley, Melissa B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Keinath, Anthony P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Njoroge, SMC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Univ Calif Davis, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM snjoroge@ucdavis.edu NR 42 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0287 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000013 ER PT J AU Wise, KA Bradley, CA Pasche, JS Gudmestad, NC Dugan, FM Chen, W AF Wise, K. A. Bradley, C. A. Pasche, J. S. Gudmestad, N. C. Dugan, F. M. Chen, W. TI Baseline sensitivity of Ascochyta rabiei to azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Didymella rabiei; fungicide resistance ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; Q(O)I FUNGICIDES; DIDYMELLA-RABIEI; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; KRESOXIM-METHYL; RESISTANCE; CHICKPEA AB Ascochyta rabiei, causal agent of Ascochyta blight on chickpea (Cicer arietinum), can cause severe yield loss in the United States. Growers rely on applications of fungicides with site-specific modes of action such as the quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, and the carboximide fungicide boscalid, to manage disease. In all, 51 isolates collected prior to QoI fungicide registration and 71 isolates collected prior to boscalid registration in the United States were tested in an in vitro assay to determine the effective fungicide concentration at which 50% of conidial germination was inhibited (EC50) for each isolate-fungicide combination. The effect of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) on conidia of A. rabiei in the presence and absence of azoxystrobin also was assessed to determine whether the fungus is capable of using alternative respiration. Five of nine A. rabiei isolates tested had significantly higher (P <= 0.05) EC50 values when SHAM was not included in media amended with azoxystrobin, indicating that A. rabiei has the potential to use alternative respiration to overcome fungicide toxicity in vitro. EC50 values of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin ranged from 0.0182 to 0.0338 mu g/ml and from 0.0012 to 0.0033 mu g/ml, with mean values of 0.0272 and 0.0023 mu g/ml, respectively. EC50 values of boscalid ranged from 0.0177 to 0.4960 mu g/ml, with a mean of 0.1903 mu g/ml. Establishment of these baselines is the first step in developing a monitoring program to determine whether shifts in sensitivity to these fungicides are occurring in the A. rabiei pathogen population. C1 [Wise, K. A.; Bradley, C. A.; Pasche, J. S.; Gudmestad, N. C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Dugan, F. M.; Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bradley, CA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM carlbrad@uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0295 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000014 ER PT J AU Deng, X Lou, Z Feng, Z Li, H Chen, J Civerolo, EL AF Deng, X. Lou, Z. Feng, Z. Li, H. Chen, J. Civerolo, E. L. TI First report of Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' from Atalantia buxifolia in Guangdong, China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CITRUS C1 [Deng, X.; Lou, Z.; Feng, Z.; Li, H.] S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.; Civerolo, E. L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Deng, X (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 314 EP 314 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0314C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000027 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Goss, EM Larsen, MM Press, CM McDonald, VT Blomquist, CL Thomas, SL AF Gruenwald, N. J. Goss, E. M. Larsen, M. M. Press, C. M. McDonald, V. T. Blomquist, C. L. Thomas, S. L. TI First report of the European lineage of Phytophthora ramorum on viburnum and Osmanthus spp. in a California Nursery SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Gruenwald, N. J.; Goss, E. M.; Larsen, M. M.; Press, C. M.; McDonald, V. T.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Blomquist, C. L.; Thomas, S. L.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Press, Caroline/0000-0003-4741-9776 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 314 EP 314 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0314B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000026 ER PT J AU Berner, D Tunali, B AF Berner, D. Tunali, B. TI First report of anther smut caused by Microbotryum violaceum on forked catchfly (Silene dichotoma) in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Berner, D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Tunali, B.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Samsun, Turkey. RP Berner, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 315 EP 315 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0315C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000030 ER PT J AU Mukhina, ZM Kassanelly, D Berner, DK Dubin, HJ AF Mukhina, Z. M. Kassanelly, D. Berner, D. K. Dubin, H. J. TI First report of leaf spot caused by Cercospora bizzozeriana on hoary cress in Russia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Mukhina, Z. M.] All Russia Rice Res Inst, Krasnodar 350921, Belozerny, Russia. [Kassanelly, D.] Kuban State Univ, Fac Biol, Krasnodar 350040, Russia. [Berner, D. K.; Dubin, H. J.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mukhina, ZM (reprint author), All Russia Rice Res Inst, Krasnodar 350921, Belozerny, Russia. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 316 EP 316 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0316C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000033 ER PT J AU Tunali, B Berner, DK Dubin, HJ AF Tunali, B. Berner, D. K. Dubin, H. J. TI First report of leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum cf. linicola on field bindweed in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Tunali, B.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Berner, D. K.; Dubin, H. J.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tunali, B (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 BP 316 EP 316 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0316A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 253GP UT WOS:000252507000031 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA Thelen, JJ AF Miernyk, Jan A. Thelen, Jay J. TI Biochemical approaches for discovering protein-protein interactions SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE co-immunoprecipitation; electrophoresis; protein binding; proteomics; mass spectrometry; sedimentation ID MITOCHONDRIAL PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; IN-VIVO; NATIVE ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPLEXES; PURIFICATION AB Protein-protein interactions or protein complexes are integral in nearly all cellular processes, ranging from metabolism to structure. Elucidating both individual protein associations and complex protein interaction networks, while challenging, is an essential goal of functional genomics. For example, discovering interacting partners for a 'protein of unknown function' can provide insight into actual function far beyond what is possible with sequence-based predictions, and provide a platform for future research. Synthetic genetic approaches such as two-hybrid screening often reveal a perplexing array of potential interacting partners for any given target protein. It is now known, however, that this type of anonymous screening approach can yield high levels of false-positive results, and therefore putative interactors must be confirmed by independent methods. In vitro biochemical strategies for identifying interacting proteins are varied and time-honored, some being as old as the field of protein chemistry itself. Herein we discuss five biochemical approaches for isolating and characterizing protein-protein interactions in vitro: co-immunoprecipitation, blue native gel electrophoresis, in vitro binding assays, protein cross-linking, and rate-zonal centrifugation. A perspective is provided for each method, and where appropriate specific, trial-tested methods are included. C1 [Miernyk, Jan A.; Thelen, Jay J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thelen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 109 Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr,1201 E Rollin, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM thelenj@missouri.edu NR 89 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03316.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 259IA UT WOS:000252931800001 PM 18269571 ER PT J AU Bhave, M Morris, CF AF Bhave, Mrinal Morris, Craig F. TI Molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE grain hardness; puroindolines; grain softness protein; kernel texture; Triticum; wheat ID GRAIN-SOFTNESS PROTEIN; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; RED SPRING WHEAT; HARDNESS LOCUS; D-GENOME; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; QUALITY TRAITS; WINTER WHEATS; DIPLOID TAXA AB The hardness or texture of cereal grains is a primary determinant of their technological and processing quality. Among members of the Triticeae, most notably wheat, much of the variation in texture is controlled by a single locus comprised of the Puroindoline a, Puroindoline b and Grain Softness Protein-1 (Gsp-1) genes. Puroindolines confer the three major texture classes of soft and hard common wheat and the very hard durum wheat. The protein products of these genes interact with lipids and are associated with the surface of isolated starch (as a protein fraction known as friabilin'). During the past ten years a great diversity of alleles of both Puroindoline genes have been discovered and significant advances made in understanding the relationship between the gene presence/absence, sequence polymorphism and texture of cereal grains. Efforts have also focussed on Puroindoline and Gsp-1 genes in diploid progenitors, other Triticeae grasses and synthetic wheats in order to understand the evolution of this gene family and find potentially useful variants. The puroindoline homologues in other cereals such as rye and barley are also receiving attention. This work summarises new developments in molecular genetics of puroindolines in wheat and related Triticeae grasses, and the related genes in other cereals. C1 [Bhave, Mrinal] Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Life Sci & Social Sci, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia. [Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Wheat Qual Lab,E202 Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bhave, M (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Life Sci & Social Sci, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, PO Box 218, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia. EM mbhave@swin.edu.au RI Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010 NR 72 TC 108 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 66 IS 3 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s11103-007-9263-7 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 243WW UT WOS:000251829000001 PM 18049798 ER PT J AU Bhave, M Morris, CF AF Bhave, Mrinal Morris, Craig F. TI Molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: regulation of expression, membrane binding properties and applications SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE grain hardness; puroindolines; grain softness protein; kernel texture; wheat x Triticum; gene expression; antimicrobial properties ID LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEINS; WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; FORM ION CHANNELS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; HA LOCUS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; CARYOPSIS DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC WHEAT AB Kernel texture of wheat is a primary determinant of its technological properties. Soft kernel texture phenotype results when the Puroindoline a and Puroindoline b genes are present and encode the wild-type puroindolines PINA and PINB, respectively, and various mutations in either or both gene(s) result in hard phenotypes. A wealth of information is now available that furthers our understanding regarding the spatial and temporal regulation of expression of Puroindoline genes. Through the use of model membranes and synthetic peptides we also have a clearer understanding of the significance of the cysteine backbone, the tryptophan-rich domain (TRD) and the helicoid tertiary structures of PIN proteins in relation to their membrane-active properties. Many studies suggest individual yet co-operative modes of action of the PIN proteins in determining kernel texture, and significant evidence is accumulating that the proteins have in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activities, shedding light on the biological roles of this unique ensemble of proteins. The puroindolines are now being explored for grain kernel texture modifications as well as antimicrobial activities. C1 [Bhave, Mrinal] Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Life Sci & Social Sci, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Wheat Qual Lab,E202 Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bhave, M (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Life Sci & Social Sci, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM mbhave@swin.edu.au NR 97 TC 76 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 66 IS 3 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s11103-007-9264-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 243WW UT WOS:000251829000002 PM 18049797 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, KD Zeng, P Coello, P Zhang, ZJ Krishnan, HB Bailey, A Beuselinck, PR Polacco, JC AF Bilyeu, Kristin D. Zeng, Peiyu Coello, Patricia Zhang, Zhanyuan J. Krishnan, Hari B. Bailey, April Beuselinck, Paul R. Polacco, Joe C. TI Quantitative conversion of phytate to inorganic phosphorus in soybean seeds expressing a bacterial phytase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI PHYTASE; PHYTIC ACID CONTENT; MAX L. MERRILL; GLYCINE-MAX; PROTEIN BODIES; FIELD EMERGENCE; REDUCED PHYTATE; ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS; MAIZE AB Phytic acid (PA) contains the major portion of the phosphorus in the soybean (Glycine max) seed and chelates divalent cations. During germination, both minerals and phosphate are released upon phytase-catalyzed degradation of PA. We generated a soybean line (CAPPA) in which an Escherichia coli periplasmic phytase, the product of the appA gene, was expressed in the cytoplasm of developing cotyledons. CAPPA exhibited high levels of phytase expression, >= 90% reduction in seed PA, and concomitant increases in total free phosphate. These traits were stable, and, although resulted in a trend for reduced emergence and a statistically significant reduction in germination rates, had no effect on the number of seeds per plant or seed weight. Because phytate is not digested by monogastric animals, untreated soymeal does not provide monogastrics with sufficient phosphorus and minerals, and PA in the waste stream leads to phosphorus runoff. The expression of a cytoplasmic phytase in the CAPPA line therefore improves phosphorus availability and surpasses gains achieved by other reported transgenic and mutational strategies by combining in seeds both high phytase expression and significant increases in available phosphorus. Thus, in addition to its value as a high-phosphate meal source, soymeal from CAPPA could be used to convert PA of admixed meals, such as cornmeal, directly to utilizable inorganic phosphorus. C1 [Zeng, Peiyu; Coello, Patricia; Polacco, Joe C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bilyeu, Kristin D.; Krishnan, Hari B.; Bailey, April; Beuselinck, Paul R.] USDA ARS, Plang Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zhang, Zhanyuan J.] Univ Missouri, Plant Transformat Core Facil, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Polacco, JC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM polaccoj@missouri.edu NR 47 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 146 IS 2 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1104/pp.107.113480 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 258TP UT WOS:000252892700012 PM 18162589 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Zhang, ZC Solomon, PS Oliver, RP Faris, JD AF Friesen, Timothy L. Zhang, Zengcui Solomon, Peter S. Oliver, Richard P. Faris, Justin D. TI Characterization of the interaction of a novel Stagonospora nodorum host-selective toxin with a wheat susceptibility gene SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GLUME BLOTCH; WINTER-WHEAT; TAN SPOT; SEPTORIA DISEASES; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; PTR TOXA; RESISTANCE; LEAF AB Recent work suggests that the Stagonospora nodorum-wheat pathosystem is controlled by host-selective toxins (HSTs; SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox2) that interact directly or indirectly with dominant host genes (Tsn1, Snn1, and Snn2) to induce disease. Here we describe and characterize a novel HST designated SnTox3, and the corresponding wheat sensitivity/susceptibility gene identified on chromosome arm 5BS, which we designated as Snn3. SnTox3 is a proteinaceous necrosis-inducing toxin between 10 and 30 kD in size. The S. nodorum isolates Sn1501 (SnToxA-, SnTox2+, and SnTox3+), SN15 (SnToxA+, SnTox2+, and SnTox3+), and SN15KO18, a strain of SN15 with a disrupted form of SnToxA, were evaluated on a population of wheat recombinant inbred lines. A compatible Snn3-SnTox3 interaction played a significant role in the development of disease caused by isolates Sn1501 and SN15KO18, with Snn2 being epistatic to Snn3. Snn3 was not significantly associated with disease caused by SN15 presumably due to the major effects observed for Snn2 and Tsn1, which were largely additive. This work introduces a fourth HST produced by S. nodorum and builds on the notion that the S. nodorum-wheat pathosystem is largely based on multiple host-toxin interactions that follow an inverse gene-for-gene scenario. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cereal Crops Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Zhang, Zengcui] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Solomon, Peter S.; Oliver, Richard P.] Murdoch Univ, Western Australian State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cereal Crops Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov RI Oliver, Richard/D-1166-2009; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 NR 38 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 146 IS 2 BP 682 EP 693 DI 10.1104/pp.107.108761 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 258TP UT WOS:000252892700030 PM 18065563 ER PT J AU Bae, H Kim, SH Kim, MS Sicher, RC Lary, D Strem, MD Natarajan, S Bailey, BA AF Bae, Hanhong Kim, Soo-Hyung Kim, Moon S. Sicher, Richard C. Lary, David Strem, Mary D. Natarajan, Savithiry Bailey, Bryan A. TI The drought response of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and the regulation of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis by drought and other stresses SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polyamine; Theobroma cacao; drought; Nep1; wounding; Phytophthora; ODC; ADC; SAMDC; SPDS; SPMS ID ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE GENES; BLUE-GREEN FLUORESCENCE; EARLY FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE; ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGAKARYA; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Drought can negatively impact pod production despite the fact that cacao production usually occurs in tropical areas having high rainfall. Polyamines (PAs) have been associated with the response of plants to drought in addition to their roles in responses to many other stresses. The constitutive and drought inducible expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes involved in PA biosynthesis were determined: an ornithine decarboxylase (TcODC), an arginine decarboxylase (TcADC), an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (TcSAMDC), a spermidine synthase (TcSPDS), and a spermine synthase (TcSPMS). Expression analysis using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (QPCR) results showed that the PA biosynthesis genes were expressed in all plant tissues examined. Constitutive expression of PA biosynthesis genes was generally highest in mature leaves and open flowers. Expression of TcODC, TcADC, and TcSAMDC was induced with the onset of drought and correlated with changes in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, photosystem II efficiency, leaf water potential and altered emission of blue-green fluorescence from cacao leaves. Induction of TcSAMDC in leaves was most closely correlated with changes in water potential. The earliest measured responses to drought were enhanced expression of TcADC and TcSAMDC in roots along with decreases in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and photosystem II efficiency. Elevated levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were detected in cacao leaves 13 days after the onset of drought. Expression of all five PA associated transcripts was enhanced (1.5-3-fold) in response to treatment with abscisic acid. TcODC and TcADC, were also responsive to mechanical wounding, infection by Phytophthora megakarya (a causal agent of black pod disease in cacao), the necrosis- and ethylene-inducing protein (Nep1) of Fusarium oxysporum, and flower abscission. TcSAMDC expression was responsive to all stresses except flower abscission. TcODC, although constitutively expressed at much lower levels than TcADC, TcSAMDC, TcSPDS, and TcSPMS, was highly inducible by the fungal protein Nep1 (135-fold) and the cacao pathogen Phytophthora megakarya (671-fold). The full length cDNA for ODC was cloned and characterized. Among the genes studied, TcODC, TcADC, and TcSAMDC were most sensitive to induction by drought in addition to other abiotic and biotic stresses. TcODC, TcADC, and TcSAMDC may share signal transduction pathways and/or the stress induced signal induction pathways may converge at these three genes leading to similar although not identical patterns of expression. It is possible altering PA levels in cacao will result in enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses including drought and disease as has been demonstrated in other crops. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Bae, Hanhong; Kim, Soo-Hyung; Sicher, Richard C.; Strem, Mary D.; Natarajan, Savithiry; Bailey, Bryan A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Moon S.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, UW Botan Gardens, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lary, David] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov RI Lary, David/A-6163-2010; Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 71 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 174 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.10.014 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 276NR UT WOS:000254149700007 PM 18042394 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Barkla, BJ Marshall, J Pittman, JK Hirschi, KD AF Zhao, Jian Barkla, Bronwyn J. Marshall, Joy Pittman, Jon K. Hirschi, Kendal D. TI The Arabidopsis cax3 mutants display altered salt tolerance, pH sensitivity and reduced plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; antiporter; calcium; salt tolerance; transport ID H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER CAX1; ABSCISIC-ACID; CATION TRANSPORTER; PROTON PUMPS; PLANT; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; THALIANA; DROUGHT; TOBACCO AB Perturbing CAX1, an Arabidopsis vacuolar H+/Ca2+ antiporter, and the related vacuolar transporter CAX3, has been previously shown to cause severe growth defects; however, the specific function of CAX3 has remained elusive. Here, we describe plant phenotypes that are shared among cax1 and cax3 including an increased sensitivity to both abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar during germination, and an increased tolerance to ethylene during early seedling development. We have also identified phenotypes unique to cax3, namely salt, lithium and low pH sensitivity. We used biochemical measurements to ascribe these cax3 sensitivities to a reduction in vacuolar H+/Ca2+ transport during salt stress and decreased plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. These findings catalog an array of CAX phenotypes and assign a specific role for CAX3 in response to salt tolerance. C1 [Zhao, Jian; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Barkla, Bronwyn J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotechnol, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. [Marshall, Joy] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Pittman, Jon K.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. [Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu OI Zhao, Jian/0000-0002-4416-7334; Barkla, Bronwyn/0000-0002-4691-8023; Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 659 EP 669 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0648-2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 248YL UT WOS:000252193000013 PM 17968588 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS AF Ferreira, J. F. S. TI Seasonal and post-harvest accumulation of artemisinin, artemisinic acid, and dihydroarternisinic acid in three accessions of artemisia annua cultivated in West Virginia, USA SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Ferreira, J. F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA O1 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300035 ER PT J AU Pasco, DS Pugh, ND Tamta, H Balachandran, P Wu, X Howell, J Dayan, FE AF Pasco, D. S. Pugh, N. D. Tamta, H. Balachandran, P. Wu, X. Howell, J. Dayan, F. E. TI The majority of in vitro macrophage activation exhibited by extracts of some immune enhancing botanicals is due to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopolysaccha ride SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Pasco, D. S.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Pasco, D. S.; Pugh, N. D.; Tamta, H.; Balachandran, P.; Wu, X.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Howell, J.; Dayan, F. E.] USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA S17 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300040 ER PT J AU Similien, A Shannon, DA Wood, CW Foshee, WG Kemppainen, BW Joshee, N Rimando, AM AF Similien, A. Shannon, D. A. Wood, C. W. Foshee, W. G. Kemppainen, B. W. Joshee, N. Rimando, A. M. TI Shade, irrigation and fertility effects on biomass production and flavonoid content in American skullcap SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Similien, A.; Shannon, D. A.; Wood, C. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Foshee, W. G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kemppainen, B. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Joshee, N.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Rimando, A. M.] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P5 BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300081 ER PT J AU Gawde, A Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Maddox, V AF Gawde, A. Zheljazkov, V. D. Cantrell, C. L. Maddox, V TI Bioprospection of Juniperus virginiana for production of the anti-cancer drug podophyllotoxin SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Gawde, A.; Zheljazkov, V. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Cantrell, C. L.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Maddox, V] Mississippi State Univ, Georesource Inst, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P9 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300085 ER PT J AU Zheliazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Tekwani, B Khan, SI AF Zheliazkov, V. D. Cantrell, C. L. Tekwani, B. Khan, S., I TI Content, composition, and bioactivity of the essential oils of three basil genotypes as a function of harvesting SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Zheliazkov, V. D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, C. L.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tekwani, B.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P8 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300084 ER PT J AU Kutrzeba, LM Dayan, FE Giner, JL Zjawiony, JK AF Kutrzeba, L. M. Dayan, F. E. Giner, J. L. Zjawiony, J. K. TI C-13- and H-2-labeled deoxyxylulose as a tool in study of kinetics and mechanism of salvinorin A biosynthesis SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Kutrzeba, L. M.; Zjawiony, J. K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Dayan, F. E.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Giner, J. L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Zjawiony, J. K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P29 BP 331 EP 332 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300105 ER PT J AU Foster, RA ONeill, NR Saunders, JA AF Foster, R. A. ONeill, N. R. Saunders, J. A. TI Potential biological control of opium poppy by fungal pathogens SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Foster, R. A.; Saunders, J. A.] Towson Univ, Mol Biol Biochem Bioinformat Program, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [ONeill, N. R.] USDA, ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20740 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P31 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300107 ER PT J AU Kutrzeba, LM Zjawiony, JK Dayan, FE AF Kutrzeba, L. M. Zjawiony, J. K. Dayan, F. E. TI Salvinorin B as a putative biosynthetic precursor of Salvinorin A. study on O-acetyltransferase in glandular trichomes isolated from Salvia divinorium SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Kutrzeba, L. M.; Zjawiony, J. K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Zjawiony, J. K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Dayan, F. E.] USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P30 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300106 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Schrader, KK Rimando, AM AF Mizuno, C. S. Schrader, K. K. Rimando, A. M. TI Antimicrobial activity of stilbene derivatives SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Mizuno, C. S.; Schrader, K. K.; Rimando, A. M.] USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P51 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300127 ER PT J AU Bajsa, J Sahu, R McCluskey, A Duke, SO Tekwani, BL AF Bajsa, J. Sahu, R. McCluskey, A. Duke, S. O. Tekwani, B. L. TI Antimalarial activity of cantharidin analogs: potential serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitors SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Bajsa, J.; Duke, S. O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Sahu, R.; Tekwani, B. L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [McCluskey, A.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Med Chem Grp, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. RI McCluskey, Adam/F-1894-2011 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P55 BP 339 EP 339 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300131 ER PT J AU Mathews, ST Kim, T Zhang, AJ Fish, WJ Rimando, AM Montreddy, SR AF Mathews, S. T. Kim, T. Zhang, A. J. Fish, W. J. Rimando, A. M. Montreddy, S. R. TI Anti-diabetic properties of serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Mathews, S. T.; Kim, T.; Zhang, A. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Boshell Diab & Metab Dis Res Programs, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fish, W. J.] Blackfeet Commun Coll, Browning, MT USA. [Rimando, A. M.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utlizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Montreddy, S. R.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P70 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300146 ER PT J AU Kumarihamy, M Nanayakkara, NPD Duke, SO AF Kumarihamy, M. Nanayakkara, N. P. D. Duke, S. O. TI Polyacetylenes from Postia balsamea, a causal agent of root rot and butt rot in balsam fir (Abies balsamea) SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Kumarihamy, M.; Nanayakkara, N. P. D.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kumarihamy, M.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Duke, S. O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P93 BP 351 EP 351 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300169 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Weerasooriya, AD Demirci, B Baser, HC Wedge, DE Johnson, N Khan, IA AF Tabanca, N. Weerasooriya, A. D. Demirci, B. Baser, H. C. Wedge, D. E. Johnson, N. Khan, I. A. TI Biological activities and composition of essential oils from the plants grown in the medicinal plant garden at the national center for natural products research SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Tabanca, N.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Weerasooriya, A. D.; Johnson, N.; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Baser, H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P119 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300195 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Demirci, B Tabanca, N Baser, KHC Sakhanokho, HF Rinehart, T AF Wedge, D. E. Demirci, B. Tabanca, N. Baser, K. H. C. Sakhanokho, H. F. Rinehart, T. TI Composition of essential oils and antifungal activity of Hedychium cultivars SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Wedge, D. E.; Tabanca, N.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Sakhanokho, H. F.; Rinehart, T.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P120 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300196 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Tabanca, N Demirci, B Ozek, T Baser, KHC Klun, JA Liu, Z Zhang, S Cantrell, CL Zhang, JK AF Wedge, D. E. Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Ozek, T. Baser, K. H. C. Klun, J. A. Liu, Z. Zhang, S. Cantrell, C. L. Zhang, J. K. TI GC-MS fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and A-archangelica root components and mosquito deterrent activity SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals/4th Interim Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY APR 12-16, 2008 CL Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy HO Univ Mississippi C1 [Wedge, D. E.; Tabanca, N.; Cantrell, C. L.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Ozek, T.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Klun, J. A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Z.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhang, S.] Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Shanghai 201106, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J. K.] Shanghai Inst Technol, Sch Perfume & Aroma Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 MA P121 BP 361 EP 361 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 283IQ UT WOS:000254630300197 ER PT J AU Zheng, YH Fung, RWM Wang, SY Wang, CY AF Zheng, Yonghua Fung, Raymond W. M. Wang, Shiow Y. Wang, Chien Y. TI Transcript levels of antioxidative genes and oxygen radical scavenging enzyme activities in chilled zucchini squash in response to superatmospheric oxygen SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zucchini squash; alternative oxidase; scavenging enzymes; high oxygen; chilling injury ID CAPSICUM-ANNUUM L.; ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE; COLD-ACCLIMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; LIPID-COMPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHELF-LIFE AB The transcript levels of antioxidative genes including Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), Cu/Zn SOD, ascorbate peroxidise (APX), and catalase (CAT) were relatively constant during storage at 5 degrees C with high oxygen treatment in freshly harvested zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Elite). However, the expressions of alternative oxidase (AOX) were induced slightly in squash treated with 60% and 100% oxygen for 3 days when compared with control squash. These increases in AOX transcript levels were correlated with the increased chilling resistance in the treated squash. The corresponding oxygen radical scavenging enzyme activities including SOD, APX, CAT, and peroxidise (POD) in treated samples were also higher than those in the control for the first 3 days at 5 degrees C. Transcript levels of AOX increased substantially between 3 and 6 days in all treatments suggesting the involvement of alternative respiratory pathway during chilling stress. All of the enzyme activities in 100% oxygen treated squash started to decline after 6 or 9 days of cold storage to a level comparable or lower than those of the control. These declines were correlated to the loss of chilling resistance in the 100% oxygen treated tissue as indicated in the chilling injury index. However, squash treated with 60% oxygen maintained elevated levels of all enzyme activities except POD and sustained the least chilling injury throughout the 15 days of storage at 5 degrees C. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values and total phenol content remained high in squash treated with 60% and 100% oxygen for the first 9 days, then their levels in the 100% oxygen treated samples declined sharply while those in the 60% oxygen treated samples maintained elevated, indicating that both ORAC activity and phenolic content may also contribute to the resistance of tissue against chilling injury. The 100% oxygen treated squash showed the lowest respiration rate and 60% oxygen treated samples had the lowest ethylene production. These data may also be an indication of the low chilling injury in the high oxygen treated squash. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Yonghua; Fung, Raymond W. M.; Wang, Chien Y.] USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.] USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zheng, Yonghua] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.016 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 261UO UT WOS:000253105700002 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Collin, S Sievert, J Fjeld, K Doctor, J Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, David Collin, Sue Sievert, James Fjeld, Kent Doctor, Julie Arpaia, Mary Lu TI Commercial packing and storage of navel oranges alters aroma volatiles and reduces flavor quality SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soluble solids; titratable acidity; ethanol; waxing; GC-olfactometry ID CITRUS-FRUIT; VALENCIA ORANGES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; ETHANOL BUILDUP; FREEZE DAMAGE; OFF-FLAVOR; JUICE; COMPONENTS; EMISSIONS AB Navel oranges were sampled either from the harvest bin, after the washer, after the waxer or at the end of the packing process in a commercial packing house and stored for 0, 3 or 6 weeks at 5 degrees C followed by 4d at 13 degrees C and 3d at 20 degrees C. Individual oranges were analyzed for percent juice, SSC, TA and ethanol concentration and a portion of each fruit tasted and rated for freshness, tartness, sweetness and likeability (hedonic score). Ethanol levels increased in the fruit as a result of storage and as a result of the waxing step of the packing line in both of the two tests. In one of the tests there was a significant increase in ethanol caused by each of the packing line steps, indicating a physiological effect on the fruit of the packing line itself. The freshness and likeability rating both decreased as a result of storage and packing, although packing had a lesser effect. The individual packing line steps could not be differentiated between each other in terms of an effect on flavor but the waxing step seemed to have the most impact. The SSC/TA ratio increased significantly during storage, mainly due to a decline in TA. In the third test navel oranges were sampled from the harvest bin and after the packing line and stored for 0, 3 or 6 weeks at 5 degrees C followed by 4d at 13 degrees C and 3d at 20 degrees C. Quality and sensory attributes were evaluated as in the previous two tests and fruit were also characterized for changes in aroma-active volatiles using GC-olfactometry. Freshness and likeability decreased as a result of storage, but only in packed fruit. Percent juice, SSC and TA did not change as a result of any of the treatments. Ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and four constituents with uncertain identification were aroma-active compounds that increased, while limonene decreased in amount to a greater degree in the packed fruit and may be at least partially responsible for the observed flavor changes. Ethanol was not identified by GC-olfactometry but was more abundant in packed fruit and may have influenced flavor. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, San Jaoquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Collin, Sue; Sievert, James; Fjeld, Kent; Arpaia, Mary Lu] Univ California, Kearny Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Doctor, Julie] Sunkist Growers, Lindsay, CA 93247 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Jaoquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverside Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dobenland@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.015 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 261UO UT WOS:000253105700003 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Pereira, IB Almeida, MS Roberts, DP Wisniewski, A Kurtenbach, E AF Janisiewicz, W. J. Pereira, I. Bastos Almeida, M. S. Roberts, D. P. Wisniewski, A. Kurtenbach, E. TI Improved biocontrol of fruit decay fungi with Pichia pastoris recombinant strains expressing Psd1 antifungal peptide SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postharvest decay; blue mold; biological control; defensins ID PISUM-SATIVUM DEFENSIN-1; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; PLANT DEFENSINS; CITRUS-FRUIT; BLUE MOLD; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; INTEGRATING HEAT; HOT-WATER AB Future expansion of biological control of postharvest diseases will depend largely on improving its effectiveness under a broader range of conditions and expanding its activity to new commodities and new diseases. Plasmid pGAPZ alpha C/Psd1, a binary vector encoding the constitutive expression of the gene for the pea defensin Psd1, was used to transform the yeast Pichia pastoris, and transformed strains were evaluated for enhancing biocontrol potential by Psd1. Two R pastoris strains, X-33 and GS115, were successfully transformed by electroporation and produced the active rPsd1 peptide. Nontransformed strain X-33 grew faster than strain GS115 in Golden Delicious apple wounds and was chosen as the host for plasmid pGAPZ alpha C/Psd1 in biocontrol tests. The severity and incidence of blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum were significantly reduced on apples treated with X-33(pGAPZ alpha C/Psd1/X-33) when compared to apples inoculated with this fungus alone or in combination with the nontransformed parental strain X-33, or the X-33(pGAPZ alpha C/X-33) recombinant containing the empty binary vector. Four selected transformants reduced decay in repeated studies, but were effective only when applied at a lower(6.3 x 10(5) CFU rnL(-1)) cell concentration. This study demonstrates the potential of Psd1 for enhancing suppression of postharvest diseases. However, the full potential of the Psd1 defensin may be achieved after optimizing its expression and activity on the fruit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Janisiewicz, W. J.; Wisniewski, A.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pereira, I. Bastos; Almeida, M. S.; Kurtenbach, E.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Inst Bioquim Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Roberts, D. P.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wojciech.janisiewicz@ars.usda.gov RI Inbeb, Inct/K-2317-2013; Kurtenbach, Eleonora/L-4148-2016 OI Kurtenbach, Eleonora/0000-0002-2141-518X NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.010 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 261UO UT WOS:000253105700010 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Mansour, MF Gabler, FM Sorenson, D AF Smilanick, Joseph L. Mansour, Monir F. Gabler, Franka Mlikota Sorenson, David TI Control of citrus postharvest green mold and sour rot by potassium sorbate combined with heat and fungicides SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorbic acid; orange; lemon; Geotrichum candidum ID PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; HOT-WATER; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; DIP TREATMENTS; SORBIC ACID; INHIBIT GERMINATION; STORAGE PERFORMANCE; RESIDUE LEVEL; FRUIT; IMAZALIL AB Potassium sorbate (KS), a common food preservative, was evaluated to control postharvest decay of citrus fruit. Significant advantages of KS over the commonly used sodium bicarbonate, which similarly improved fungicide performance, are the relatively low salt concentration of KS, the absence of sodium, and its lower pH, so disposal of used KS solutions would raise fewer regulatory issues. The influence of KS concentration and pH (pH 4-9) on the germination of spores of Penicillium digitatum was determined alone or in combination with four postharvest citrus fungicides, imazalil (IMZ), thiabendazole (TBZ), pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil. The EC95 concentrations of KS to inhibit spore germination were lowest from pH 4-6. To control green mold on inoculated fruit, KS was compatible with these fungicides and consistently improved their performance. KS alone or fungicide-KS solutions were more effective when heated. The combination of KS and sodium bicarbonate was only moderately better than either alone. Green mold caused by an isolate of P. digitatum resistant to IMZ and TBZ was effectively controlled when KS was added to a heated IMZ or TBZ solutions. Heat, but not KS, increased residues of all of the fungicides in oranges. Sour rot, caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii, was reduced from 94.5% among control lemons, to 49.1 and 47.2%, respectively, by 30 s immersion in KS or sodium bicarbonate at 1% (wt/vol) at 25 degrees C, and to 37.0 and 15.7%, respectively, when these solutions were at 50 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smilanick, Joseph L.; Mansour, Monir F.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Gabler, Franka Mlikota] Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. [Sorenson, David] Fruit Growers Supply Co, Orange Cove, CA 93646 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jsmilanick@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 226 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.020 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 261UO UT WOS:000253105700011 ER PT J AU de Beer, M McMurtry, JP Brocht, DM Coon, CN AF de Beer, M. McMurtry, J. P. Brocht, D. M. Coon, C. N. TI An examination of the role of feeding regimens in regulating metabolism during the broiler breeder grower period. 2. Plasma hormones and metabolites SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeder; feeding regimen; metabolic hormone ID LATE-FEATHERING CHICKENS; SKIP-A-DAY; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; FOOD RESTRICTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; IGF-I; INSULIN AB A trial was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding regimens on plasma hormone and metabolite levels in 16-wk-old broiler breeder pullets. A flock of 350 Cobb 500 breeder pullets was divided in 2 at 28 d of age and fed either every day (ED, 5 pens of 35 birds) or skip-a-day (SKIP, 5 pens of 35 birds) from 28 to 112 d of age. Total feed intake did not differ between the 2 groups. At 112 d, 52 randomly selected pullets from the larger flock of ED-fed pullets, and 76 from the SKIP-fed pullets were individually caged and fed a meal of 74 g (ED) or 148 g (SKIP). Blood samples were collected from 4 pullets in each group by cardiac puncture at intervals after feeding. Plasma was analyzed for insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-II, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, corticosterone, leptin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and uric acid. Feed retention in the crop was also noted at each interval. In ED birds, the crop was empty by 12 h and in SKIP birds, the crop was empty by 24 h after feeding. The physiological responses to fasting, such as increased glucagon and corticosterone and reduced plasma triglyceride, occurred at times coincidental with crop emptying in both ED and SKIP birds. Overall, mean insulin-like growth factor-I levels were higher (P < 0.05) in ED birds. Triiodothyronine was higher (P = 0.09) in SKIP birds. Overall mean plasma corticosterone was 2-fold higher in SKIP-fed birds, which may be related to the increased length of fasting periods, hunger, and stress. Plasma leptin was consistently higher in ED-fed birds, which was indicative of their more consistent food supply and more stable energy status. In summary, the experiment reported here shows that different feeding regimens can alter hormone and metabolite profiles, in spite of total feed intakes being equal. C1 [de Beer, M.; Coon, C. N.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [McMurtry, J. P.; Brocht, D. M.] USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Coon, CN (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ccoon@uark.edu NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00196 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JH UT WOS:000253855200009 PM 18212369 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Kerr, BJ Corzo, A Kidd, MT Weber, TE Bregendahl, K AF Dozier, W. A., III Kerr, B. J. Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Weber, T. E. Bregendahl, K. TI Apparent metabolizable energy of glycerin for broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; metabolizable energy; glycerin ID FAT; THREONINE AB Three energy balance experiments were conducted to determine AME(n) of glycerin using broiler chickens of diverse ages. In experiment 1, two dietary treatments were fed from 4 to 11 d of age. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (no added glycerin) and a diet containing 6% glycerin (94% control diet + 6% glycerin). Four dietary treatments were provided in experiment 2 (from 17 to 24 d of age) and 3 (from 38 to 45 d of age). Diets in experiment 2 and 3 were 1) control diet (no added glycerin); 2) 3% added glycerin (97% control diet + 3% glycerin); 3) 6% added glycerin (94% control diet + 6% glycerin); and 4) 9% added glycerin (91% control diet + 9% glycerin). Diets in experiment 1 and 2 were identical, but the diet used in experiment 3 had reduced nutrient levels based on bird age. In experiments 2 and 3, broilers were fed 91, 94, 97, and 100% of ad libitum intake so that differences in AME(n) consumption were only due to glycerin. A single source of glycerin was used in all experiments. Feed intake, BW, energy intake, energy excretion, nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion, AME(n), and AME(n) intake were determined in all experiments. In experiment 1, AME(n) determination utilized the difference approach by subtracting AMEn of the control diet from AME(n) of the test diet. In experiments 2 and 3, AMEn intake was regressed against feed intake with the slope estimating AMEn of glycerin. Regression equations were Y = 3,331x - 72.59 (P <= 0.0001) and Y = 3,348.62x - 140.18 (P <= 0.0001) for experiments 2 and 3, respectively. The AME(n) of glycerin was determined as 3,621, 3,331, and 3,349 kcal/kg in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The average AME(n) of glycerin across the 3 experiments was 3,434 kcal/kg, which is similar to its gross energy content. These results indicate that AME(n) of glycerin is utilized efficiently by broiler chickens. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Swind Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bregendahl, K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00309 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JH UT WOS:000253855200015 PM 18212375 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Dozier, WA Kidd, MT AF Corzo, A. Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. TI Valine nutrient recommendations for Ross x Ross 308 broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE valine; lysine; broiler ID DIETARY REQUIREMENTS; AMINO-ACIDS; ISOLEUCINE; RESPONSES; PROTEIN; LEUCINE; GROWTH; NEEDS; AGE AB Studies delineating the dietary Val needs of modern commercial broilers are sparse. Three studies were conducted to determine the dietary Val nutrient needs of Ross x Ross 308 male broilers. Three time periods were evaluated independently, 0 to 14 d (starter), 14 to 28 d (grower), and 28 to 42 d (finisher) of age. Corn-and peanut meal-based diets for each feeding phase served to titrate the Val dose-response levels. Dietary Val (total basis) was supplied from 0.75% up to 1.15% in 0.08% increments for the starter phase; from 0.73% up to 1.08% in 0.07% increments for the grower phase; and from 0.64% up to 0.99% in 0.07% increments for the finisher phase. Regression analysis was used to calculate the Val nutrient recommendations. These estimates were 1.00% for the starter, 0.95% for the grower, and 0.85% total Val for the finisher period. Dietary Val data obtained for all the feeding periods evaluated exhibited the expected decline with age, characteristic of all amino acids and most nutrients. Total dietary Val needs of 1.00, 0.95, and 0.85% for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively, should provide nutritionists with a guide for nutrient minimums, particularly for their use in Ross x Ross 308 broilers. These values translate into calculated true digestible Val needs of 0.91, 0.86, and 0.78% for the starter, grower, and finisher feeding phases, respectively. C1 [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA, ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00307 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JH UT WOS:000253855200018 PM 18212378 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Akuffo, V AF Bakst, M. R. Akuffo, V. TI Serotonin localization in the turkey vaginal but not sperm storage tubule epithelia SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE avian; poultry; turkey; oviduct; serotonin ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; OVIDUCT AB Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating sperm selection and transport in the vagina of the hen had been the focus of a limited amount of research over the past decade. New observations indicate the presence of nonneuron endocrine cells in the epithelia lining the lumina of the turkey hen vagina and uterovaginal junction. Although no cells in the vagina or uterovaginal junction surface epithelia exhibited argentaffin staining, typical of cells containing neurosecretory granules, cells restricted to the vaginal and uterovaginal junction but not the sperm storage tubule epithelia were immunoreactive positive to serotonin. We speculate that if released into the vaginal lumen and submucosa, serotonin could augment cilia and sperm tail beat frequencies and facilitate smooth muscle contraction, respectively. If this is the response to sperm at insemination, it would represent the first evidence of a local control mechanism responding to sperm in the turkey vagina. C1 [Bakst, M. R.; Akuffo, V.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM murray.bakst@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00295 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JH UT WOS:000253855200021 PM 18212381 ER PT J AU Croney, CC Reynnells, RD AF Croney, C. C. Reynnells, R. D. TI The ethics of semantics: Do we clarify or obfuscate reality to influence perceptions of farm animal production? SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethics; semantics; discourse; animal production ID SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; AGRICULTURE; RIGHTS AB According to linguists, the discourse of animal production uses metaphors, pronouns, and definitions that consistently represent animals as objects, machines, and resources instead of as distinct, unique individuals. Thus, it is argued that genuine concern for animal welfare is either obscured by financial concerns or circumvented entirely, which permits animals to be kept and treated in ways many people would otherwise find objectionable. Substituting euphemisms like crops, units, and harvest for herds, animals, and slaughter, respectively, which are more likely to evoke images of grape plucking than of killing animals for food, might indeed seem disingenuous, especially given the common industry refrain that the public needs to be better educated about food production. However, the implication that the animal industries deliberately use such techniques is debatable. What is clear is that the semantic obfuscations rampant in the language of modern farm animal production reflect underlying ambivalence about transparency relative to many standard industry practices. First, consumers are unlikely to want full disclosure of all aspects of animal production. Second, there is real risk that certain realities of animal production would be aversive to consumers, who might consequently refuse ( as is their right) to purchase particular products, thus potentially causing significant short-term industry losses. Yet, the reluctance of animal industries to come clean in public education efforts raises another problem-that adopting innocuous terminology and withholding information deemed likely to be unpalatable to the public may be morally questionable in itself. Moreover, this provides an avenue for opponents of animal agriculture to exploit, because it may appear that the industry is hiding something. In truth, animal extremists are currently in a position to reveal facts about livestock production that might not only disturb consumers but also cause speculation about the failure of the industries to be forthcoming. As a matter of professional ethics and viability, animal industry members should objectively and aggressively evaluate the discourse of farm animal production to ensure that what is conveyed is accurate and intended. C1 [Croney, C. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reynnells, R. D.] USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Croney, CC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Withycombe Hall 112, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Candace.croney@oregonstate.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00404 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 272JH UT WOS:000253855200026 PM 18212386 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA AF Anderson, Richard A. TI Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Nutrition-Society CY JUL 16-19, 2007 CL Univ Ulster, Coleraine, NORTH IRELAND SP Nutr Soc Irish Sect HO Univ Ulster DE chromium; cinnamon polyphenols; insulin sensitivity; metabolic syndrome ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BODY-COMPOSITION; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; WEIGHT-LOSS AB Naturally-occurring compounds that have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity include Cr and polyphenols found in cinnamon (Cinnamomon cassia). These compounds also have similar effects on insulin signalling and glucose control. The signs of Cr deficiency are similar to those for the metabolic syndrome and supplemental Cr has been shown to improve all these signs in human subjects. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study it has been demonstrated that glucose, insulin, cholesterol and HbA1c are all improved in patients with type 2 diabetes following Cr supplementation. It has also been shown that cinnamon polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in in vitro, animal and human studies. Cinnamon reduces mean fasting serum glucose (18-29%), TAG (23-30%), total cholesterol (12-26%) and LDL-cholesterol (7-27%) in subjects with type 2 diabetes after 40d of daily consumption of 1-6g cinnamon. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome who consume an aqueous extract of cinnamon have been shown to have improved fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, percentage body fat and increased lean body mass compared with the placebo group. Studies utilizing an aqueous extract of cinnamon, high in type A polyphenols, have also demonstrated improvements in fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in women with insulin resistance associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome. For both supplemental Cr and cinnamon not all studies have reported beneficial effects and the responses are related to the duration of the study, form of Cr or cinnamon used and the extent of obesity and glucose intolerance of the subjects. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.anderson@irs.usda.gov NR 45 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 67 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1017/S0029665108006010 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 265QE UT WOS:000253375200006 PM 18234131 ER PT J AU Zukas, AA Bruederle, CE Carter, JM AF Zukas, Audrius A. Bruederle, Cathrin E. Carter, John Mark TI Sonication induced intermediate in prion protein conversion SO PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE prion protein; scrapie; PMCA; sonication; protein aggregation ID IN-VITRO; CYCLIC AMPLIFICATION; ACIDIC PH; SCRAPIE; PROPAGATION; PRPSC; CONFORMATIONS; GENERATION; BRAIN; FORM AB We have observed that hamster prion protein (PrPC) undergoes conformational changes on exposure to heat or sonication. If a sonication induced new conformer is seeded with a small amount of its abnormal pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) it undergoes a significant conversion to a proteinase-resistant isoform. This suggests the presence of a third stable PrP conformer, which may be intermediate in the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc. C1 [Zukas, Audrius A.; Bruederle, Cathrin E.; Carter, John Mark] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mcarter@pw.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 0929-8665 J9 PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT JI Protein Pept. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 275NW UT WOS:000254079900010 PM 18289112 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Waters, WR Stabel, JR Palmer, MV Li, LL Kapur, V Paustian, ML AF Bannantine, John P. Waters, W. Ray Stabel, Judith R. Palmer, Mitchell V. Li, Lingling Kapur, Vivek Paustian, Michael L. TI Development and use of a partial Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis protein array SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE antibodies; antigens; diagnostics; Johne's disease; mycobacterium paratuberculosis ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; JOHNES-DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MAJOR ANTIGENS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; DEER; DIAGNOSIS AB As an initial step toward systematically characterizing all antigenic proteins produced by a significant veterinary pathogen, 43 recombinant Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) expression clones were constructed, cataloged, and stored. NC filters were spotted with purified proteins from each clone along with a whole cell lysate of M. paratuberculosis. Spots on the resulting dot array consisted of hypothetical proteins (13), metabolic proteins (3), cell envelope proteins (7), known antigens (4), and unique proteins with no similarity in public sequence databases (16). Dot blot arrays were used to profile antibody responses in a rabbit and mouse exposed to M. paratuberculosis as well as in cattle showing clinical signs of Johne's disease. The M. paratuberculosis heat shock protein DnaK, encoded by ORF MAP3840 and a membrane protein (MAP2121c), were identified as the most strongly immunoreactive in both the mouse and rabbit hosts, respectively. MAP3155c, which encodes a hypothetical protein, was most strongly immunoreactive in sera from Johne's disease cattle. This study has enabled direct comparisons of antibody reactivity for an entire panel of over 40 proteins and has laid the foundation for future high throughput production and arraying of M. paratuberculosis surface proteins for immune profiling experiments in cattle. C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Waters, W. Ray; Stabel, Judith R.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Paustian, Michael L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Li, Lingling; Kapur, Vivek] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1002/pmic.200700644 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 263VA UT WOS:000253243400005 PM 18186021 ER PT J AU Blomberg, L Hashizume, K Viebahn, C AF Blomberg, Leann Hashizume, Kazuyoshi Viebahn, Christoph TI Blastocyst elongation, trophoblastic differentiation, and embryonic pattern formation SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting on Mammalian Embryogenomics CY OCT 17-20, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Le Conseil Regional France, Inst Nat Recherche Agronomique, Cogenics Genome Express, Eurogentec, Proteigene, Sigma Aldrich France & Diagenode ID GASTRULATING RABBIT EMBRYO; PRIMITIVE STREAK FORMATION; ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR AXIS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CLONED BOVINE FETUSES; MOUSE EMBRYO; GENE-EXPRESSION; EPIGENETIC REGULATION; PORCINE CONCEPTUS AB The molecular basis of ungulate and non-rodent conceptus elongation and gastrulation remains poorly understood; however, use of state-of-the-art genomic technologies is beginning to elucidate the mechanisms regulating these complicated processes. For instance, transcriptome analysis of elongating porcine concepti indicates that protein synthesis and trafficking, cell growth and proliferation, and cellular morphology are major regulated processes. Furthermore, potential autocrine roles of estrogen and interleukin-1-beta in regulating porcine conceptus growth and remodeling and metabolism have become evident. The importance of estrogen in pig is emphasized by the altered expression of essential steroidogenic and trophoblast factors in lagging ovoid concepti. In ruminants, the characteristic mononucleate trophoblast cells differentiate into a second lineage important for implantation, the binucleate trophoblast, and transcriptome profiling of bovine concepti has revealed a gene cluster associated with rapid trophoblast proliferation and differentiation. Gene cluster analysis has also provided evidence of correlated spatiotemporal expression and emphasized the significance of the bovine trophoblast cell lineage and the regulatory mechanism of trophoblast function. As a part of the gastrulation process in the mammalian conceptus, specification of the germ layers and hence definitive body axes occur in advance of primitive streak formation. Processing of the transforming growth factor-beta-signaling molecules nodal and BMP4 by specific proteases is emerging as a decisive step in the initial patterning of the pre-gastrulation embryo. The topography of expression of these and other secreted molecules with reference to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues determines their local interaction potential. Their ensuing signaling leads to the specification of axial epiblast and hypoblast compartments through cellular migration and differentiation and, in particular, the specification of the early germ layer tissues in the epiblast via gene expression characteristic of endoderm and mesoderm precursor cells. C1 [Blomberg, Leann] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hashizume, Kazuyoshi] Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Med, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. [Viebahn, Christoph] Univ Gottingen, Dept Anat & Embryol, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viebahn, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cviebah@gwdg.de NR 104 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD FEB PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 181 EP 195 DI 10.1530/REP-07-0355 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 260CK UT WOS:000252988200007 PM 18239048 ER PT J AU Behera, TK Singh, AK Staub, JE AF Behera, T. K. Singh, A. K. Staub, Jack. E. TI Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Indian bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) using RAPD and ISSR markers for developing crop improvement strategies SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE bitter melon; DNA markers; breeding strategies ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L.; MELO L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ASSISTED SELECTION; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CUCURBITACEAE; CULTIVARS; ACCESSIONS AB A genetic analysis of 38 diverse Indian bitter gourd (Momordica charantia var. charantia, and var. muricata) accessions was performed using 29 RAPD and 15 ISSR markers. RAPD primers yielded 208 amplicons of which 76 (36.5%) were polymorphic providing an average of 2.6 amplicons per primer. RAPD amplicons per primer ranged from 3 (OPE-19, OPW-09) to 15 (OPW-05), and varied in size from 200 bp to 3000 bp. Fifteen ISSR primers provided a total of 125 bands of which 94 (74.7%) were polymorphic. Polymorphic ISSR markers ranged from 0 (UBC-841) to 12 (UBC-890) providing a mean of 6.3 amplicons per primer that ranged in size from 150 bp to 2700 bp. Nevertheless, the concordance among bitter gourd accession groupings after cluster analysis was relatively high (r = 0.77), indicating that RAPD- and ISSR-based diversity assessments in this germplasm array were generally consistent. The M. charantia var. charantia (domesticated) and var. muricata (wild, free-living) accessions examined were genetically distinct, and these differences provided for the development of strategies for genetic analyses and crop improvement in this species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Behera, T. K.; Singh, A. K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, New Delhi 110012, India. [Behera, T. K.; Staub, Jack. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Horticulture, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Behera, TK (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, New Delhi 110012, India. EM tusar@rediffmail.com NR 54 TC 29 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 115 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.08.013 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 254QM UT WOS:000252602500001 ER PT J AU Cartmill, AD Valdez-Aguilar, LA Bryan, DL Alarcon, A AF Cartmill, Andrew D. Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A. Bryan, Donita L. Alarcon, Alejandro TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance tolerance of vinca to high alkalinity in irrigation water SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE alkaline phosphatase; antioxidant activity; bicarbonate; nitrate reductase; photosynthesis rate; plant quality ID DROUGHT; GROWTH; PLANTS; SOIL; ACQUISITION; BICARBONATE; FERTILITY; LEAVES; ROOTS; MAIZE AB This study was conducted in order to determine if inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) would enhance the tolerance of vinca plants to high levels of alkalinity, induced by KHCO3, in irrigation water. AMF-inoculated and non-inoculated plants were irrigated with water containing varying HCO3- concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM. Increased HCO3- concentration inhibited plant growth, specifically at concentrations >= 7.5 mM. Leaves were more affected by high HCO3- concentration than other plant parts. In non-inoculated plants, a visual evaluation of quality demonstrated that acceptable quality was produced when irrigation water contained <= 2.5 mM HCO3-, but AMF-inoculated plants of good quality were produced when irrigation water contained <= 7.5 mM HCO3- . In general, AMF alleviated HCO3- stress, as indicated by greater plant growth and ranking of quality. However, AMF-inoculated plants irrigated with 0 mM HCO3- exhibited reduced growth when compared to non-inoculated plants. Bicarbonate did not affect leaf Fe concentration, indicating that vinca may be a Fe efficient plant. Plants inoculated with AMF exhibited an enhanced leaf P concentration and content, which was related to an increase in the activity of the soluble alkaline phosphatase. Plants inoculated with AMF exhibited increased leaf concentration and content of Mn, Zn, Cu, B, and Mo, and increased antioxidant activity under high concentrations of HCO3-. In conclusion, the tolerance of vinca to alkalinity in irrigation water can be enhanced by AMF inoculation, thus, allowing for irrigation with water of high alkalinity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Cartmill, Andrew D.; Bryan, Donita L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Alarcon, Alejandro] Col Postgrad, Area Microbiol, Estado Mexico, Mexico. RP Valdez-Aguilar, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM lvaldez@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis/A-6668-2009; OI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A./0000-0002-2510-1962 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 115 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.08.019 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 254QM UT WOS:000252602500010 ER PT J AU Min, BR Pinchak, WE Merkel, R Walker, S Tomita, G Anderson, RC AF Min, B. R. Pinchak, W. E. Merkel, R. Walker, S. Tomita, G. Anderson, R. C. TI Comparative antimicrobial activity of tannin extracts from perennial plants on mastitis pathogens SO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ESSAYS LA English DT Article DE Pathogenic bacteria; tannins; tree leaves; zone of inhibition ID CONDENSED TANNINS; TREE LEAVES; IN-VITRO; BACTERIA; FORAGE; ACID; DEGRADATION; NUTRITION; INHIBIT; PROTEIN AB Three strains of pathogenic bacteria were treated with condensed tannins (CT) purified from eight different woody plant species to investigate their inhibition effect on the growth of these bacteria in vitro. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested against low (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg CT/ml) and high dose levels (0, 50, and 100 mg CT/ml) of CT extracted from different plant species. When exposed to purified tannin extracts at 4 mg extract/ml dosage, growth inhibition of S. aureus was dose dependent manner and observed in the following order: Shinnery oak > Post oak > Locust > Blackjack oak >= Skunk bush > Sericea lespedeza > commercial Quebracho >= Sumac > Plum. The extracts from Shinnery and Post oaks were particularly inhibitory against S. aureus, having growth inhibition zones exceeding 23 mm at 8 mg tannin extract/ml. S. aureus and E. coli exhibited dose dependent and susceptibility (P < 0.01) when exposed to 4 mg/ml of the following tannin monomers which exhibited differential inhibitory activity: catechin > ellagetannin >= tannic acid >= epi-catechin >= gallotannin. In the presence of high dose levels at 0, 50, and 100 mg tannin extract/ml, inhibition zones of growth were varied among plant species. The findings indicated that source and concentration are important factors that influence antimicrobial activity of tannins. Because some of the plant tannin extracts are highly inhibitory to selected pathogens, they may provide alternatives and supplements to conventional antimicrobial feed additives. C1 [Min, B. R.; Pinchak, W. E.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Merkel, R.; Walker, S.] E Kika de la Garza Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Tomita, G.] Univ Montreal, Fac Vet Med, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [Anderson, R. C.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Pinchak, WE (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM bpinchak@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (TAES) FX This study was supported by a grant from Beef Initiative Program of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (TAES). NR 40 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1992-2248 J9 SCI RES ESSAYS JI Sci. Res. Essays PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 66 EP 73 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 357YC UT WOS:000259882200006 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MG AF Pelletier, Mathew G. TI Parallel algorithm for GPU processing; for use in high speed machine vision sensing of cotton lint trash SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE machine vision; GPU; image processing; cotton; sensing ID GRAPHICS HARDWARE AB One of the main hurdles standing in the way of optimal cleaning of cotton lint is the lack of sensing systems that can react fast enough to provide the control system with real-time information as to the level of trash contamination of the cotton lint. This research examines the use of programmable graphic processing units (GPU) as an alternative to the PC's traditional use of the central processing unit (CPU). The use of the GPU, as an alternative computation platform, allowed for the machine vision system to gain a significant improvement in processing time. By improving the processing time, this research seeks to address the lack of availability of rapid trash sensing systems and thus alleviate a situation in which the current systems view the cotton lint either well before, or after, the cotton is cleaned. This extended lag/lead time that is currently imposed on the cotton trash cleaning control systems, is what is responsible for system operators utilizing a very large dead-band safety buffer in order to ensure that the cotton lint is not under-cleaned. Unfortunately, the utilization of a large dead-band buffer results in the majority of the cotton lint being over-cleaned which in turn causes lint fiber-damage as well as significant losses of the valuable lint due to the excessive use of cleaning machinery. This research estimates that upwards of a 30% reduction in lint loss could be gained through the use of a tightly coupled trash sensor to the cleaning machinery control systems. This research seeks to improve processing times through the development of a new algorithm for cotton trash sensing that allows for implementation on a highly parallel architecture. Additionally, by moving the new parallel algorithm onto an alternative computing platform, the graphic processing unit " GPU", for processing of the cotton trash images, a speed up of over 6.5 times, over optimized code running on the PC's central processing unit " CPU", was gained. The new parallel algorithm operating on the GPU was able to process a 1024x1024 image in less than 17ms. At this improved speed, the image processing system's performance should now be sufficient to provide a system that would be capable of real-time feed-back control that is in tight cooperation with the cleaning equipment. C1 USDA, ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Pelletier, MG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. EM mpelletier@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 817 EP 829 DI 10.3390/s8020817 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 271HI UT WOS:000253779100013 PM 27879736 ER PT J AU Favaretto, N Norton, LD Brouder, SM Joern, BC AF Favaretto, Nerilde Norton, L. Darrell Brouder, Sylvie M. Joern, Brad C. TI Gypsum amendment and exchangeable calcium and magnesium effects on plant nutrition under conditions of intensive nutrient extraction SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ca/Mg ratio; gypsum; soil and soil solution; root and shoot growth; nutrient concentration ID AMELIORATING SUBSOIL ACIDITY; COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; CALCIUM/MAGNESIUM RATIO; MINERAL ACQUISITION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; ALFALFA; GROWTH AB In general, increasing the concentration of one cation species in soil solution can decrease levels of other cations in plants. It is not clear whether adjusting soil cation ratios or adding gypsum will improve plant growth. We studied the effect of adding gypsum to unleached soil, and the effect of changing soil-exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios on corn root and shoot growth and nutrient concentrations. Soil-exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios (8.0, 4.9, 1.8, 0.7, and 0.5) were obtained by leaching soil with Ca and Mg chloride, followed by leaching with Ca and Mg sulfate to remove chloride. An unleached soil treated with gypsum and an untreated control soil were also included. Corn plants were grown for 23 days in a replicated greenhouse experiment. Exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios did not substantially affect root and shoot growth in the leached soils, nor did gypsum addition to the unleached soil. However, growth in the leached soils was less than that in the unleached soils, probably because of removal of K in the leaching process. Shoots from plants from treatments with lower leached Ca/Mg ratios had less Ca and more Mg but showed no consistent changes in K. Addition of gypsum to unleached soil decreased P, increased K and Ca, and did not affect N and Mg concentrations in shoots. C1 [Favaretto, Nerilde] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Solos & Engn Agr, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Norton, L. Darrell] USDA ARS, Natl Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brouder, Sylvie M.; Joern, Brad C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Favaretto, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Solos & Engn Agr, Rua Funcionarios,1540, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM nfavaretto@ufpr.br RI Favaretto, Nerilde/B-3571-2015 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e31815edf72 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 264RR UT WOS:000253307600003 ER PT J AU Gan, JB Rauscher, HM Smith, CT Ashton, S Biles, L Cassidy, D Foster, D Howell, MR Hubbard, WG Jackson, B Mayfield, C Mead, DJ Silveira, S Taylor, E AF Gan, Jianbang Rauscher, H. Michael Smith, C. T. Ashton, Sarah Biles, Larry Cassidy, Daniel Foster, Darwin Howell, Matthew R. Hubbard, William G. Jackson, Ben Mayfield, Chyrel Mead, Donald J. Silveira, Semida Taylor, Eric TI The southern US forest bioenergy encyclopedia: Making scientific knowledge more accessible SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest biomass and bioenergy; Forest Encyclopedia Network; knowledge management; southern united states; technology transfer AB Production of forest biomass in sustainably managed forests in the southern United States has great potential to improve forest health, make energy supplies more secure, and increase the social and economic welfare of rural communities. The awareness and access of landowners and forestry and natural resource professionals to new knowledge and market development opportunities must be increased, and new technological advances in knowledge dissemination systems can be very useful in this connection. The Encyclopedia of Southern Bioenergy was developed within The Forest Encyclopedia Network (www. forestencyclopeclia.net/) to facilitate the transfer of useable knowledge from scientific experts in bioenergy and bio-based products to natural resource professionals, landowners, and the general public. Using the encyclopedia as a base, a team of bioenergy and extension education experts has developed several new educational products. These materials are designed as components of an overall biomass training program for the South that is being disseminated through the Southern Regional Extension Forest network. C1 [Gan, Jianbang; Foster, Darwin; Mayfield, Chyrel; Taylor, Eric] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rauscher, H. Michael] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. [Smith, C. T.] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. [Ashton, Sarah; Howell, Matthew R.; Hubbard, William G.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Biles, Larry] So Forest Res Partnership Inc, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Cassidy, Daniel] Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Jackson, Ben] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Silveira, Semida] KTH, Sch Ind Engn & Management, Energy & Climate Studies, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Gan, JB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-gan@tamu.edu; mrauscher@fs.fed.us; iat.smith@utoronto.ca; sashton@warnell.uga.edu; lbiles@warnell.uga.edu; dcassidy@csrees.usda.gov; cdfoster@tamu.edu; mhowell@sref.info; hubbard@warnell.uga.edu; bjackson@warnell.uga.edu; c-mayfield@tamu.edu; don.mead@xtra.co.nz; semida.silveira@energy.kth.se; eric-taylor@tamu.edu RI Silveira, Semida/G-4830-2015 OI Silveira, Semida/0000-0001-7123-1824 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 272OJ UT WOS:000253868800004 ER PT J AU Scott, DA Tiarks, A AF Scott, D. Andrew Tiarks, Allan TI Dual-cropping loblolly pine for biomass energy and conventional wood products SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fertilization; phosphorus; competition; stand development ID COASTAL-PLAIN; FERTILIZATION; PLANTATIONS; GROWTH AB Southern pine stands have the potential to provide significant feedstocks for the growing biomass energy and biofuel markets. Although initial feedstocks likely will come from low-value small-diameter trees, understory vegetation, and slash, a sustainable and continuous supply of biomass is necessary to support and grow a wood bioenergy market. As long as solidwood products are more valuable, bioenergy production will not be the primary market for southern pine. A study exploring a dual-cropping system for southern pine bioenergy and solidwood products was begun in 1982 in Louisiana to determine the phosphorus (P) nutritional requirements of the system. Fertilization of 60 kg ha(-1) of P was required to produce 90% of the maximum volume at the age of 22 years. Direct-seeding pine in the interrows of a traditional pine plantation produced about 10.2 Mg ha(-1) of biomass for energy at the age of 5 years but had no lasting effect on the planted pine height, diameter, or standing volume. The system is a viable method to produce both bioenergy and solidwood products. Herbaceous competition control and nitrogen (N) fertilization likely would make the system even more productive and profitable. C1 [Scott, D. Andrew; Tiarks, Allan] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM andyscott@fs.fed.us; aetiarks@worldnet.att.net OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 272OJ UT WOS:000253868800005 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, Don C. TI An improved tree height measurement technique tested on mature southern pines SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE hypsometer; sine method; tangent method AB Virtually all techniques for tree height determination follow one of two principles: similar triangles or the tangent method. Most people apply the latter approach, which uses the tangents of the angles to the top and bottom and a true horizontal distance to the subject tree. However, few adjust this method for ground slope, tree lean, crown shape, and crown configuration, making errors commonplace. Given documented discrepancies exceeding 30% with current methods, a reevaluation of height measurement is in order. The sine method is an alternative that measures a real point in the crown. Hence, it is not subject to the some assumptions as the similar triangle and tangent approaches. In addition, the sine method is insensitive to distance from tree or observer position and can not overestimate tree height. The advantages of the sine approach are shown with mature southern pines from Arkansas. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 272OJ UT WOS:000253868800006 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Chen, YR Nou, XW Kim, MS Chao, KL AF Liu, Yongliang Chen, Yud-Ren Nou, Xiangwu Kim, Moon S. Chao, Kuanglin TI Label-free SERS for rapid species identification of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER; SCATTERING AB The need for rapid detection of foodborne bacteria has long been a hot topic for a wide range of individuals, from policy makers to manufacturers. The traditional method, nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and antibody-based biosensors have been developed as viable tools to identify the bacteria. Generally, these methods are labor-intensive and multistep procedures, and they also require species-specific antibodies-probe reagents. Colloidal silver surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as demonstrated here, could be an important alternative technique in the rapid and simultaneous screening of the presence of the three most common outbreak bacteria because the technique uses exclusive biomarkers, is label-free, and provides easy sampling. C1 [Chen, Yud-Ren; Nou, Xiangwu; Kim, Moon S.; Chao, Kuanglin] USDA ARS, USDA, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, Yongliang] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 48 EP + PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 264YR UT WOS:000253326800006 ER PT J AU Syvyk, A Nalian, A Hume, M Martynova-VanKley, A AF Syvyk, Andrew Nalian, Armen Hume, Michael Martynova-VanKley, Alexandra TI A positive control for detecting heteroduplexes in DGGE for microbial community fingerprinting SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PCR AB Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in combination with PCR has found a wide application for analysis of genetic variants in many disciplines of bioscience, especially evaluation of microbial diversity in environmental samples. However, amplification of an environmental sample containing multiple DNA species can lead to formation of heteroduplexes (HDs), a PCR artifact. Appearance of HDs on the denaturing gradient gel can lead to a skewed interpretation of results and inaccurate conclusions. The present study is designed to develop a simple methodology to verify presence or absence of heteroduplexes in PCR samples which in conjunction with 'reconditioned' PCR can be used as an effective control to indicate presence and positions of HDs during DGGE analysis. Identification of HDs can allow effective design of reconditioned PCR by varying template and primer amounts and PCR cycle number. C1 [Syvyk, Andrew; Nalian, Armen; Martynova-VanKley, Alexandra] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Hume, Michael] USDA ARS, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Syvyk, A (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM avankley@sfasu.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI KERRVILLE PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 310DD UT WOS:000256508200003 ER PT J AU Perugini, LD Murphy, JP Marshall, D Brown-Guedira, G AF Perugini, L. D. Murphy, J. P. Marshall, D. Brown-Guedira, G. TI Pm37, a new broadly effective powdery mildew resistance gene from Triticum timopheevii SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME BIN MAP; SEQUENCE TAG LOCI; RED WINTER-WHEAT; F SP TRITICI; COMMON WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; LOCATION; PM1; INHERITANCE; GENERATION AB Powdery mildew is an important foliar disease in wheat, especially in areas with a cool or maritime climate. A dominant powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to the hexaploid germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 from T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was mapped distally on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Differential reactions were observed between the resistance gene in NC99BGTAG11 and the alleles of the Pm1 locus that is also located on chromosome arm 7AL. Observed segregation in F-2:3 lines from the cross NC99BGTAG11 x Axminster (Pm1a) demonstrate that germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 carries a novel powdery mildew resistance gene, which is now designated as Pm37. This new gene is highly effective against all powdery mildew isolates tested so far. Analyses of the population with molecular markers indicate that Pm37 is located 16 cM proximal to the Pm1 complex. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xgwm332 and Xwmc790 were located 0.5 cM proximal and distal, respectively, to Pm37. In order to identify new markers in the region, wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs) located in the distal 10% of 7AL that were orthologous to sequences from chromosome 6 of rice were targeted. The two new EST-derived STS markers were located distal to Pm37 and one marker was closely linked to the Pm1a region. These new markers can be used in marker-assisted selection schemes to develop wheat cultivars with pyramids of powdery mildew resistance genes, including combinations of Pm37 in coupling linkage with alleles of the Pm1 locus. C1 [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marshall, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ldperugi@ncsu.edu; paul_murphy@ncsu.edu; david_marshall@ncsu.edu; gina.brown-guedira@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 31 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0679-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 253UF UT WOS:000252542400011 PM 18092148 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Obert, DE Menz, M Hu, G Bonman, JM AF Jackson, E. W. Obert, D. E. Menz, M. Hu, G. Bonman, J. M. TI Qualitative and quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to Puccinia coronata pathotypes NQMG and LGCG in the oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars Ogle and TAM O-301 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CROWN RUST RESISTANCE; F-SP AVENAE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; VIRULENCE; GENES; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; MARKERS AB Mapping disease resistance loci relies on the type and precision of phenotypic measurements. For crown rust of oat, disease severity is commonly assessed based on visual ratings of infection types (IT) and/or diseased leaf area (DLA) of infected plants in the greenhouse or field. These data can be affected by several variables including; (i) non-uniform disease development in the field; (ii) atypical symptom development in the greenhouse; (iii) the presence of multiple pathogenic races or pathotypes in the field, and (iv) rating bias. To overcome these limitations, we mapped crown rust resistance to single isolates in the Ogle/TAM O-301 (OT) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population using detailed measurements of IT, uredinia length (UL) and relative fungal DNA (FDNA) estimates determined by q-PCR. Measurements were taken on OT parents and recombinant inbred lines (RIL) inoculated with Puccinia coronata pathotypes NQMG and LGCG in separate greenhouse and field tests. Qualitative mapping identified an allele conferred by TAM O-301 on linkage group (LG) OT-11, which produced a bleached fleck phenotype to both NQMG and LGCG. Quantitative mapping identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) originating from TAM O-301 on LGs OT-11 and OT-32 which reduced UL and FDNA of both isolates in all experiments. Additionally, minor QTLs that reduced UL and FDNA were detected on LGs OT-15 and OT-8, originating from TAM O-301, and on LG OT-27, originating from Ogle. Detailed assessments of the OT population using two pathotypes in both the greenhouse and field provided comprehensive information to effectively map the genes responsible for crown rust resistance in Ogle and TAM O-301 to NQMG and LGCG. C1 [Jackson, E. W.; Obert, D. E.; Hu, G.; Bonman, J. M.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Menz, M.] Syngneta Seeds SAS 12, F-31790 St Sauveur, France. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 116 IS 4 BP 517 EP 527 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0687-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 268IP UT WOS:000253573800006 PM 18193188 ER PT J AU Aragon, AC Kopf, PG Campen, MJ Huwe, JK Walker, MK AF Aragon, Andrea C. Kopf, Phillip G. Campen, Matthew J. Huwe, Janice K. Walker, Mary K. TI In utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure: Effects on fetal and adult cardiac gene expression and adult cardiac and renal morphology SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE TCDD; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; fetal; cardiac; gene expression ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; CYP1A2 ENZYME-ACTIVITY; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; CHICK-EMBRYO; MICE LACKING; TCDD ALTERS; HEART; SYSTEM AB The mouse heart is a target of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during fetal development, and microarray analysis demonstrates significant changes in expression of cardiac genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We tested the hypothesis that developmental TCDD exposure would disrupt cardiac ECM expression and be associated with changes in cardiac morphology in adulthood. In one study, time-pregnant C57BL/6 mice were dosed with corn oil or 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mu g TCDD/kg on gestation day (GD) 14.5 and sacrificed on GD 17.5, when changes in fetal cardiac mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative PCR. TCDD induced mRNA expression of genes associated with ECM remodeling (matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13, preproendothelin-1 [preproET-1]), cardiac hypertrophy (atrial natriuretic peptide, beta-myosin heavy chain, osteopontin), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation (cytochrome P4501A1, AHR repressor). Further, all TCDD-induced changes required the AHR since gene expression was not altered in AHR knockout fetuses. In a second study, time-pregnant mice were treated with corn oil or 6.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD 14.5, and male offspring were assessed for changes in cardiac gene expression and cardiac and renal morphology at 3 months. All TCDD-induced changes in cardiac gene expression observed fetally, except for preproET-1, remained induced in the hearts of adult male offspring. Adult male offspring of TCDD-exposed dams also displayed cardiac hypertrophy, decreased plasma volume, and mild hydronephrosis. These results demonstrate that in utero and lactational TCDD exposures alter cardiac gene expression and cardiac and renal morphology in adulthood, which may increase the susceptibility to cardiovascular dysfunction. C1 [Aragon, Andrea C.; Kopf, Phillip G.; Walker, Mary K.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Campen, Matthew J.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Huwe, Janice K.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Walker, Mary K.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Walker, MK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Pharm, MSC09 5360,2703 Frontier NE,Suite 220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mwalker@salud.unm.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL078914]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012335, ES012335-0281, R21 ES012335] NR 38 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm272 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 250NE UT WOS:000252306100014 PM 17975115 ER PT J AU Bicar, EH Woodman-Clikeman, W Sangtong, V Peterson, JM Yang, SS Lee, M Scott, MP AF Bicar, Earl H. Woodman-Clikeman, Wendy Sangtong, Varaporn Peterson, Joan M. Yang, S. Samuel Lee, Michael Scott, M. Paul TI Transgenic maize endosperm containing a milk protein has improved amino acid balance SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transgene; maize; alpha-lactalbumin; lysine; nutrition; grain ID INCREASED NUTRITIVE-VALUE; SEED ALBUMIN GENE; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; RICH PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; METHIONINE; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; FRAGMENTS; APOPTOSIS AB In order to meet the protein nutrition needs of the world population, greater reliance on plant protein sources will become necessary. The amino acid balance of most plant protein sources does not match the nutritional requirements of monogastric animals, limiting their nutritional value. In cereals, the essential amino acid lysine is deficient. Maize is a major component of human and animal diets worldwide and especially where sources of plant protein are in critical need such as sub-Saharan Africa. To improve the amino acid balance of maize, we developed transgenic maize lines that produce the milk protein alpha-lactalbumin in the endosperm. Lines in which the transgene was inherited as a single dominant genetic locus were identified. Sibling kernels with or without the transgene were compared to determine the effect of the transgene on kernel traits in lines selected for their high content of alpha-lactalbumin. Total protein content in endosperm from transgene positive kernels was not significantly different from total protein content in endosperm from transgene negative kernels in three out of four comparisons, whereas the lysine content of the lines examined was 29-47% greater in endosperm from transgene positive kernels. The content of some other amino acids was changed to a lesser extent. Taken together, these changes resulted in the transgenic endosperms having an improved amino acid balance relative to non-transgenic endosperms produced on the same ear. Kernel appearance, weight, density and zein content did not exhibit substantial differences in kernels expressing the transgene when compared to non-expressing siblings. Assessment of the antigenicity and impacts on animal health will be required in order to determine the overall value of this technology. C1 [Peterson, Joan M.; Scott, M. Paul] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bicar, Earl H.; Woodman-Clikeman, Wendy; Sangtong, Varaporn; Lee, Michael] Iowa State Univ, Raymond F Baker Ctr Plant Breeding, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yang, S. Samuel] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. Paul] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 1407 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pscott@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 EI 1573-9368 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9081-3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 244MC UT WOS:000251869000006 PM 17387628 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Bond, BJ Karanian, JA AF Meinzer, Frederick C. Bond, Barbara J. Karanian, Jennifer A. TI Biophysical constraints on leaf expansion in a tall conifer SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; osmotic adjustment; phenology; Pseudotsuga menziesii; tissue extensibility; tree height; turgor ID TISSUE-WATER RELATIONS; VITIS-VINIFERA L; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE HEIGHT; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES; WALL EXTENSIBILITY; CELL ELONGATION; YIELD THRESHOLD; GROWTH AB The physiological mechanisms responsible for reduced extension growth as trees increase in height remain elusive. We evaluated biophysical constraints on leaf expansion in old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Needle elongation rates, plastic and elastic extensibility, bulk leaf water (Psi(L)) and osmotic (Psi(pi)) potential, bulk tissue yield threshold and final needle length were characterized along a height gradient in crowns of > 50-m-tall trees during the period between bud break and full expansion (May to June). Although needle length decreased with increasing height, there was no height-related trend in leaf plastic extensibility, which was highest immediately after bud break (2.9%) and declined rapidly to a stable minimum value (0.3%) over a 3-week period during which leaf expansion was completed. There was a significant positive linear relationship between needle elongation rates and plastic extensibility. Yield thresholds were consistently lower at the upper and middle crown sampling heights. The mean yield threshold across all sampling heights was 0.12 +/- 0.03 MPa on June 8, rising to 0.34 +/- 0.03 MPa on June 15 and 0.45 +/- 0.05 MPa on June 24. Bulk leaf Psi(pi) decreased linearly with increasing height at a rate of 0.004 MPa m(-1) during the period of most rapid needle elongation, but the vertical osmotic gradient was not sufficient to fully compensate for the 0.015 MPa m(-1) vertical gradient in Psi(L), implying that bulk leaf turgor declined at a rate of about 0.011 MPa m(-1) increase in height. Although height-dependent reductions in turgor appeared to constrain leaf expansion, it is possible that the impact of reduced turgor was mitigated by delayed phenological development with increasing height, which resulted in an increase with height in the temperature during leaf expansion. C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bond, Barbara J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Karanian, Jennifer A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 59 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 261CH UT WOS:000253056200004 PM 18055430 ER PT J AU Riikonen, J Kets, K Darbah, J Oksanen, E Sober, A Vapaavuori, E Kubiske, ME Nelson, N Karnosky, DF AF Riikonen, Johanna Kets, Katre Darbah, Joseph Oksanen, Elina Sober, Anu Vapaavuori, Elina Kubiske, Mark E. Nelson, Neil Karnosky, David F. TI Carbon gain and bud physiology in Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera grown under long-term exposure to elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3 SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bud burst; bud carbohydrates; bud size; gas exchange; leaf abscission; leaf area index; leaf size; paper birch; phenology; photosynthesis; trembling aspen ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; TREMBLING ASPEN; SILVER BIRCH; OZONE; RESPONSES; DIOXIDE; PLANTS; TREES; METABOLISM AB Paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and three trembling aspen clones (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were studied to determine if alterations in carbon gain in response to an elevated concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) or 03 ([03]) or a combination of both affected bud size and carbohydrate composition in autumn, and early leaf development in the following spring. The trees were measured for gas exchange, leaf size, date of leaf abscission, size and biochemical characteristics of the overwintering buds and early leaf development during the 8th-9th year of free-air CO2 and O-3 exposure at the Aspen FACE site located near Rhinelander, WI. Net photosynthesis was enhanced 49-73% by elevated [CO2], and decreased 13-30% by elevated [O-3]. Elevated [CO2] delayed, and elevated [O-3] tended to accelerate, leaf abscission in autumn. Elevated [CO2] increased the ratio of monosaccharides to di- and oligosaccharides in aspen buds, which may indicate a lag in cold acclimation. The total carbon concentration in overwintering buds was unaffected by the treatments, although elevated [O-3] decreased the amount of starch by 16% in birch buds, and reduced the size of aspen buds, which may be related to the delayed leaf development in aspen during the spring. Elevated [CO2] generally ameliorated the effects of elevated [O-3]. Our results show that both elevated [CO2] and elevated [O-3] have the potential to alter carbon metabolism of overwintering buds. These changes may cause carry-over effects during the next growing season. C1 [Riikonen, Johanna] Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Kets, Katre; Sober, Anu] Univ Tartu, Inst Bot & Ecol, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Darbah, Joseph; Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Oksanen, Elina] Univ Joensuu, Fac Biosci, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. [Vapaavuori, Elina] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Unit, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. [Kubiske, Mark E.; Nelson, Neil] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Riikonen, J (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM johanna.riikonen@uku.fi NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 23 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 243 EP 254 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 261CH UT WOS:000253056200009 PM 18055435 ER PT J AU Khlosi, M Cornelis, WM Douaik, A van Genuchten, MT Gabriels, D AF Khlosi, Muhammed Cornelis, Wim M. Douaik, Ahmed van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Gabriels, Donald TI Performance evaluation of models that describe the soil water retention curve between saturation and oven dryness SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; EQUATION AB The objective of this work was to evaluate eight closed-form unimodal analytical expressions that describe the soil-water retention curve across the complete range of soil water contents. To meet this objective, the eight models were compared in terms of their accuracy (RMSE), linearity ( coefficient of determination, R-2, and adjusted coefficient of determination, R-adj(2)), and prediction potential. The latter was evaluated by correlating the model parameters to basic soil properties. Retention data for 137 undisturbed soils from the Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Database ( UNSODA) were used for the model comparison. The samples showed considerable differences in texture, bulk density, and organic matter content. All functions were found to provide relatively realistic fits and anchored the curve at zero soil water content for the coarse-textured soils. The performance criteria were similar when averaged across all data sets. The criteria were found to be statistically different between the eight models only for the sandy clay loam soil textural class. An analysis of the individual data sets separately showed that the performance criteria were statistically different between the models for 17 data sets belonging to six different textural classes. We found that the Khlosi model with four parameters was the most consistent among different soils. Its prediction potential was also relatively good due to significant correlation between its parameters and basic soil properties. C1 [Khlosi, Muhammed; Cornelis, Wim M.; Gabriels, Donald] Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Douaik, Ahmed] Natl Inst Agr Res, Res Unit Environm & Conservat Nat Resources, Rabat 10000, Morocco. [van Genuchten, Martinus Th.] USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Khlosi, M (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Muhammed.Khlosi@UGent.be RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; Cornelis, Wim/A-7839-2013; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0099 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 288BJ UT WOS:000254960900009 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Baumhardt, RL Howell, TA AF Schwartz, R. C. Baumhardt, R. L. Howell, T. A. TI Estimation of soil water balance components using an iterative procedure SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DISC INFILTROMETER; EVAPORATION; SURFACE; FIELD; PATTERNS; STORAGE AB Quantifying the hydrologic balance at high temporal resolution is necessary to evaluate field-scale management effects on soil water storage. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a hybrid procedure to estimate drainage, infiltration, and evaporation based on changes in plot-scale soil water storage on a Pullman clay loam. Soil water contents were monitored in 2005 at 0.5-h intervals on 12 plots instrumented with time-domain reflectometry probes at 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.3 m depths, and weekly using a neutron moisture meter to a depth of 2.3 m in 0.2- m increments. During periods in August 2005 when either a plane of zero flux existed or when a wetting front penetrated into an upper soil layer at similar to 0.24 m, changes in soil water storage were used to iteratively fit hydraulic parameters to estimate soil water fluxes into and out of the control volume. Predicted hydraulic conductivities were not significantly different ( p = 0.471) from hydraulic conductivities calculated using the iterative method during three other months in 2005 and yielded drainage rates that differed by less than 0.05 mm d(-1) as compared to calculated changes in storage below the plane of zero flux. By considering the delayed response of water content measurements to precipitation inputs, cumulative infiltration and evaporation throughout a month with 103-mm precipitation could be estimated from the measured changes in soil water storage with expected uncertainties of +/- 5 mm. The proposed procedure permits the indirect estimation of soil water balance components useful for comparing plot-scale treatments and overcomes some of the difficulties associated with weighing lysimeter and meterological approaches. C1 [Schwartz, R. C.; Baumhardt, R. L.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM rschwartz@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 288BJ UT WOS:000254960900012 ER PT J AU Davidson, I Silva, RF AF Davidson, Irit Silva, Robert F. TI Creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE viruses; recombination; herpesviruses; retroviruses; circoviruses; molecular diversity ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS-VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS-VIRUS; IN-VIVO; FOWLPOX-VIRUS; SUBGROUP-J; RETROVIRAL INSERTIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES AB The biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. Many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. In particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. It is well documented that recombinations can occur between Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic herpesvirus, fowlpox virus (FPV), and various avian retroviruses. In addition, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), a circovirus, was created by several inter-family recombination events, which occurred between plant and animal viruses. The circovirus represents the ancestral creation of a recombination between a plant DNA virus (nanovirus) and a mammalian RNA virus (calicivirus), through a transition of RNA to DNA made by an endogenous mammalian retrovirus. The present review will discuss the current knowledge on recombination events that have occurred between avian herpesviruses and retroviruses following dual infections in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we will discuss recombinations between fowlpox viruses and the avian retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis (REV). Finally, the review will address the creation of CIAV and how it evolved from recombinations between a plant virus and an animal virus. C1 [Davidson, Irit] Kimron Vet Inst, Div Poultry Dis, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Silva, Robert F.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Davidson, I (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, Div Poultry Dis, POB 12, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM davidsoni@int.gov.il NR 84 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0165-1 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 258SQ UT WOS:000252890200001 PM 17922180 ER PT J AU Kundu, JK Briard, P Hily, JM Ravelonandro, M Scorza, R AF Kundu, Jiban Kumar Briard, Pascal Hily, Jean Michel Ravelonandro, Michel Scorza, Ralph TI Role of the 25-26 nt siRNA in the resistance of transgenic Prunus domestica graft inoculated with plum pox virus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Prunus domestica; transgenic; siRNA; PPV; Sharka; resistance ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; VIRAL SUPPRESSOR; POTYVIRUS; RNA; INFECTION; TOBACCO; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; APRICOT AB The reaction of a genetically engineered plum clone (C5) resistant to plum pox virus (PPV) by graft inoculation with the virus was evaluated. The resistance in this clone has been demonstrated to be mediated through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). A single C5 plant out of 30 plants inoculated with PPV M strain by double chip-budding showed mild diffuse mosaic 'Sharka' symptom at the bottom section of the scion. The upper leaves of this PPV-infected C5 plant remained symptomless and the virus was not detected in them by either DAS-ELISA or RT-PCR. An RNA silencing associated small interfering RNA duplex, siRNA (21-26 nt), was detected in non-inoculated C5 plants and in the portions of inoculated C5 plant in which PPV could not be detected. In the PPV-infected portion of the C5 plant and in C6 PPV susceptible plants only the similar to 21-22 nt siRNAs was detected. Cytosine-methylation was confirmed in C5 plants both uninfected and showing PPV symptoms. The 25-26 nt siRNA normally present in C5 was absent in PPV-infected C5 tissues confirming the critical role of this siRNA in the resistance of clone C5 to PPV infection. We also show that this PPV infection was limited and transient. It was only detected in one plant at one of four post-dormancy sampling dates and did not appear to affect the overall PPV resistance of the C5 clone. C1 [Kundu, Jiban Kumar; Briard, Pascal; Hily, Jean Michel; Ravelonandro, Michel] INRA Bordeaux, GDPP, UMR, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Hily, Jean Michel; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ravelonandro, M (reprint author), INRA Bordeaux, GDPP, UMR, BP-81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. EM jiban@vurv.cz; pbriard@bordeaux.inra.fr; jeanmichel.hily@ars.usda.gov; ravelona@bordeaux.inra.fr; Ralph.scorza@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0176-y PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 258SQ UT WOS:000252890200025 PM 18071892 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Price, R Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Price, Ruth Martin, Robert R. TI Nucleotide sequence of the tripartite Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus and presence of the virus in the Americas SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE partitiviridae; alphacryptovirus; betacryptovirus; detection; virus evolution ID ILARVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PROTEIN; PLANTS; DSRNA AB The plant used in the characterization of Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FClLV) contained double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bands that did not correspond in size to the genomic or subgenomic RNAs of known strawberry viruses. Using shotgun cloning, sequences of a cryptic virus, named Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus (FCCV), were obtained. This communication presents the complete genome sequence of FCCV. The genome of FCCV consists of three monocistronic RNAs, an unusual feature for cryptic viruses that are normally bipartite. The largest molecule encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the other two encode closely related proteins predicted to be the coat proteins of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FCCV is related most closely to members of the fungi-infecting Partitivirus genus rather than members of the plant-infecting Alphacryptovirus, providing a possible insight into the evolution of cryptic viruses. More than 300 strawberry plants from North and South America were tested for FCCV, and the virus was only detected in plants from South America. C1 [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.; Martin, Robert R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Price, Ruth; Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 3420 Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0186-9 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 258SQ UT WOS:000252890200031 PM 18157739 ER PT J AU Susaimuthu, J Tzanetakis, IE Gergerich, RC Martin, RR AF Susaimuthu, James Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Gergerich, Rose C. Martin, Robert R. TI A member of a new genus in the Potyviridae infects Rubus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AlkB; blackberry yellow vein disease; blackyvirus; detection; transmission ID VEIN ASSOCIATED VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; CLOSTEROVIRIDAE; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; BLACKBERRY; PROTEINS; SUPPRESSION AB Blackberry yellow vein disease causes devastating losses on blackberry in the south and southeastern United States. Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) was identified as the putative causal agent of the disease but the identification of latent infections of BYVaV led to the investigation of additional agents being involved in symptomatology. A potyvirus, designated as Blackberry virus Y (BVY), has been identified in plants with blackberry yellow vein disease symptoms also infected with BYVaV. BVY is the largest potyvirus sequenced to date and the first to encode an AlkB domain. The virus shows minimal sequence similarity with known members of the family and should be considered member of a novel genus in the Potyviridae. The relationship of BVY with Bramble yellow mosaic virus, the only other potyvirus known to infect Rubus was investigated. The presence of the BVY was verified in several blackberry plants, but it is not the causal agent of blackberry yellow vein disease since several symptomatic plants were not infected with the virus and BVY was also detected in asymptomatic plants. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.; Martin, Robert R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Susaimuthu, James; Gergerich, Rose C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Corps Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 131 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.09.001 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 271KB UT WOS:000253786200005 PM 17933412 ER PT J AU Kim, M Choi, CY Gerba, CR AF Kim, Minyoung Choi, Christopher Y. Gerba, Charles R. TI Source tracking of microbial intrusion in water systems using artificial neural networks SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE source identification; microbial intrusion; artificial neural networks; backpropagation; generalized regression neural; network ID PREDICTION AB A "what-if" scenario where biological agents are accidentally or deliberately introduced into a water system was generated, and artificial neural network (ANN) models were applied to identify the pathogenic release location to isolate the contaminated area and minimize its hazards. The spatiotemporal distribution of Escherichia coli 15597 along the water system was employed to locate pollutants by inversely interpreting transport patterns of E. coli using ANNs. Results showed that dispersion patterns of E. coli were positively correlated to pH, turbidity, and conductivity (R-2 = 0.90-0.96), and the ANN models successfully identified the source location of E. coli introduced into a given system with 75% accuracy based on the pre-programmed relationships between E. coli transport patterns and release locations. The findings in this study will enable us to assess the vulnerability of essential water systems, establish the early warning system and protect humans and the environment. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Minyoung] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Choi, Christopher Y.] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gerba, Charles R.] Univ Arizona, Deot Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, 120 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Minyoung.Kim@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4-5 BP 1308 EP 1314 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.032 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 275ZN UT WOS:000254111000050 PM 17988708 ER PT J AU Potter, BE Winkler, JA Wilhelm, DF Shadbolt, RP AF Potter, Brian E. Winkler, Julie A. Wilhelm, Dwight F. Shadbolt, Ryan P. TI Computing the low-elevation variant of the Haines index for fire weather forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Haines index is used in wildfire forecasting and monitoring to evaluate the potential contributions of atmospheric stability and humidity to the behavior of plume-dominated wildfires. The index has three variants ("low," "mid," and "high") that accommodate differences in surface elevation. As originally formulated, the low variant is calculated from temperature observations at the 950- and 850-hPa levels and humidity observations at 850 hPa. In the early 1990s the National Weather Service implemented a new mandatory level for radiosonde observations at 925 hPa. Following this change, measurements at 950 hPa became less frequent. An informal survey of several forecast offices found no formalized adjustment to the calculation of the low Haines index to take into account the nonavailability of 950-hPa measurements. Some sources continue to use 950-hPa temperature, usually interpolated from 925-hPa and surface temperatures, to calculate the low Haines index. Others directly substitute the 925-hPa temperature for the originally specified 950-hPa value. This study employs soundings from the central United States when both 950-and 925-hPa levels were available to investigate the impact of different calculation approaches on the resulting values of the low variant of the Haines index. Results show that direct substitution of 925-hPa temperature for the 950-hPa temperature can dramatically underestimate the potential wildfire severity compared with the original formulation of the Haines index. On the other hand, a low-elevation variant of the Haines index calculated from the interpolated 950-hPa temperature is usually in close agreement with the original formulation of the index. C1 [Potter, Brian E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Winkler, Julie A.; Wilhelm, Dwight F.; Shadbolt, Ryan P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Potter, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM bpotter@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007025.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 272QS UT WOS:000253875200011 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA Davis, AS AF Williams, M. M., II Boydston, R. A. Davis, A. S. TI Crop competitive ability contributes to herbicide performance in sweet corn SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE competition; cultivar; dose-response; herbicide; integrated weed management; risk; sethoxydim; Zea mays ID MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; ZEA-MAYS; SUPPRESSIVE ABILITY; WHEAT-VARIETIES; GLYCINE-MAX; INTERFERENCE; POSTEMERGENCE; TOLERANCE; GROWTH AB Crop variety effects on herbicide performance is not well characterised, particularly for sweet corn, a crop that varies greatly among hybrids in competitive ability with weeds. Field studies were used to determine the effects of crop competitive ability on season-long herbicide performance in sweet corn. Two sethoxydim-tolerant sweet corn hybrids were grown in the presence of Panicum miliaceum and plots were treated post-emergence with a range of sethoxydim doses. Significant differences in height, leaf area index and intercepted light were observed between hybrids near anthesis. Across a range of sub-lethal herbicide doses, the denser canopy hybrid Rocker suppressed P. miliaceum shoot biomass and fecundity to a greater extent than the hybrid Cahill. Yield of sweet corn improved to the level of the weed-free control with increasing sethoxydim dose. The indirect effect of herbicide dose on crop yield, mediated through P. miliaceum biomass reduction, was significant for all of the Cahill's yield traits but not Rocker. These results indicate that a less competitive hybrid requires relatively more weed suppression by the herbicide to not only reduce weed growth and seed production, but also to maintain yield. Sweet corn competitive ability consistently influences season-long herbicide performance. C1 [Williams, M. M., II; Davis, A. S.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. [Boydston, R. A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 250WP UT WOS:000252332300007 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Rajasekaran, K Payne, GA Brown, RL Yu, J Cleveland, TE AF Bhatnagar, D. Rajasekaran, K. Payne, G. A. Brown, R. L. Yu, J. Cleveland, T. E. TI The 'omics' tools: genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and their potential for solving the aflatoxin contamination problem SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxins; genomics; proteomics; metabolomics AB Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed is an age old problem of particular concern over the last four decades. Now, for the first time control measures for this problem appear within reach. For practical and sustainable control of aflatoxin contamination to be realised, however, additional information is needed rather rapidly, particularly for understanding the specific molecular factors (both in the plant and the fungus) involved during host plant-fungus interaction. The information derived from the use of novel tools such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics provides us with the best and the quickest opportunity to achieve a clear understanding of the survival of toxigenic fungi in the field, the ability of the fungus to invade crops, and the process of toxin contamination under various environmental conditions. Significant progress has been made recently in understanding the genomic make-up of the most significant aflatoxin producing field fungus, namely Aspergillus flavus. Progress also has been made in the study of host crop resistance to fungal invasion through the use of proteomics. The information available on production of aflatoxin and other metabolites by Aspergillus flavus is reasonably extensive, although the application of metabolomics as a tool in this study is relatively new. In this review there is a discussion of the use of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics in deriving the requisite information for developing effective strategies to interrupt the machinery in the fungus for production of these toxins, as well as to assist in the development of host-resistance against fungal invasion and aflatoxin contamination of crops. C1 [Bhatnagar, D.; Rajasekaran, K.; Brown, R. L.; Yu, J.; Cleveland, T. E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Payne, G. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dbhatnag@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 81 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.x001 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA V13NB UT WOS:000207672400002 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ AF Alexander, N. J. TI The TRI101 story: engineering wheat and barley to resist Fusarium head blight SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE trichothecene; scab; toxin modification; mycotoxin AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is a major disease of wheat and barley in the United States and Canada. FHB epidemics have been on the increase since 1993 and have caused severe monetary damage for the growers and seed industry. Along with reduced yields, the presence of mycotoxins in moldy grain constitutes a major problem for the grain industry. These mycotoxins pose health hazards to humans and animals upon ingestion. The acute phytotoxicity of these mycotoxins and their occurrence in plant tissues correlates with their role in pathogenesis and the production of plant disease. Transgenic plants incorporating the Fusarium sporotrichioides Tri101 gene, a gene that reduces toxicity of trichothecenes, have reduced levels of disease, thus demonstrating that FHB severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation can be reduced in small grains by the introduction of a toxin-modification gene. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Alexander, NJ (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM nancy.alexander@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.x004 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA V13NB UT WOS:000207672400005 ER PT J AU Li, XY Chiang, HI Zhu, J Dowd, SE Zhou, HJ AF Li, Xianyao Chiang, Hsin-I Zhu, James Dowd, Scot E. Zhou, Huaijun TI Characterization of a newly developed chicken 44K Agilent microarray SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL HUMAN TISSUES; LONG-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING-RECEPTOR; COMMERCIAL SHORT; CDNA MICROARRAY; GENOME; PLATFORMS; DATABASE AB Background: The development of microarray technology has greatly enhanced our ability to evaluate gene expression. In theory, the expression of all genes in a given organism can be monitored simultaneously. Sequencing of the chicken genome has provided the crucial information for the design of a comprehensive chicken transcriptome microarray. A long oligonucleotide microarray has been manually curated and designed by our group and manufactured using Agilent inkjet technology. This provides a flexible and powerful platform with high sensitivity and specificity for gene expression studies. Results: A chicken 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray consisting of 42,034 features including the entire Marek's disease virus, two avian influenza virus (H5N2 and H5N3), and 150 chicken microRNAs has been designed and tested. In an important validation study, total RNA isolated from four major chicken tissues: cecal tonsil (C), ileum (I), liver (L), and spleen (S) were used for comparative hybridizations. More than 95% of spots had high signal noise ratio (SNR > 10). There were 2886, 2660, 358, 3208, 3355, and 3710 genes differentially expressed between liver and spleen, spleen and cecal tonsil, cecal tonsil and ileum, liver and cecal tonsil, liver and ileum, spleen and ileum (P < 10(-7)), respectively. There were a number of tissue-selective genes for cecal tonsil, ileum, liver, and spleen identified (95, 71, 535, and 108, respectively; P < 10-7). Another highlight of these data revealed that the antimicrobial peptides GAL1, GAL2, GAL6 and GAL7 were highly expressed in the spleen compared to other tissues tested. Conclusion: A chicken 60-mer oligonucleotide 44K microarray was designed and validated in a comprehensive survey of gene expression in diverse tissues. The results of these tissue expression analyses have demonstrated that this microarray has high specificity and sensitivity, and will be a useful tool for chicken functional genomics. Novel data on the expression of putative tissue specific genes and antimicrobial peptides is highlighted as part of this comprehensive microarray validation study. The information for accessing and ordering this 44K chicken array can be found at http://people.tamu.edu/similar to hjzhou/TAMUAgilent44KArray/. C1 [Li, Xianyao; Chiang, Hsin-I; Zhu, James; Zhou, Huaijun] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhu, James] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient Point, NY USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Orient Point, NY USA. RP Zhou, HJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM xianyao@poultry.tamu.edu; samchiang@tamu.edu; James.Zhu@ars.usda.gov; sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov; hjzhou@poultry.tamu.edu NR 65 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 31 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 60 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-60 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 274FW UT WOS:000253988200002 PM 18237426 ER PT J AU Phillips, R Beeri, O AF Phillips, Rebecca Beeri, Ofer TI The role of hydropedologic vegetation zones in greenhouse gas emissions for agricultural wetland landscapes SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE methane; carbon dioxide; nitrous oxide; Prairie Pothole Region ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; METHANE; SOIL; OXIDE; EXCHANGE; FLUXES AB Net greenhouse gas (GHG) source strength for agricultural wetland ecosystems in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is currently unknown. In particular, information is lacking to constrain spatial variability associated with GHG emissions (CH(4), CO(2), and N(2)O). GHG fluxes typically vary with edaphic, hydrologic, biologic, and climatic factors. In the PPR, characteristic wetland plant communities integrate hydropedologic factors and may explain some variability associated with trace gas fluxes at ecosystem and landscape scales. We addressed this question for replicate wetland basins located in central North Dakota stratified by hydropedologic vegetation zone on Jul 12 and Aug 3, 2003. Data were collected at the soil-atmosphere interface for six plant zones: deep marsh, shallow marsh, wet meadow, low prairie, pasture, and cropland. Controlling for soil moisture and temperature, CH(4) fluxes varied significantly with zone (p<0.05). Highest CH(4) emissions were found near the water in the deep marsh (277,800 mu g m(-2) d(-1) CH(4)), which declined with distance from water to -730 mu g m(-2) d(-1) CH(4) in the pasture. Carbon dioxide fluxes also varied significantly with zone. Nitrous oxide variability was greater within zones than between zones, with no significant effects of zone, moisture, or temperature. Data were extrapolated for a 205.6 km(2) landscape using a previously developed synoptic classification for PPR plant communities. For this landscape, we found croplands contributed the greatest proportion to the net GHG source strength on Jul 12 (45,700 kg d(-1) GHG-C equivalents) while deep marsh zones contributed the greatest proportion on Aug 3 (26,145 kg d(-1) GHG-C equivalents). This was driven by a 30-fold reduction in cropland N(2)O-N emissions between dates. The overall landscape average for each date, weighted by zone, was 462.4 kg km(-2) d(-1) GHG-C equivalents on Jul 12 and 314.3 kg km(-2) d(-1) GHG-C equivalents on Aug 3. Results suggest GHG fluxes vary with hydropedologic soil zone, particularly for CH(4), and provide initial estimates of net GHG emissions for heterogeneous agricultural wetland landscapes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Rebecca] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Beeri, Ofer] Univ N Dakota, John D Odegard Sch Aerosp, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Phillips, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov; Beeri@aero.und.edu OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 31 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 386 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.07.007 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 255EB UT WOS:000252638700007 ER PT J AU Rasolohery, CA Berger, M Lygin, AV Lozovaya, VV Nelson, RL Dayde, J AF Rasolohery, Claudine A. Berger, Monique Lygin, Anatoliy V. Lozovaya, Vera V. Nelson, Randall L. Dayde, Jean TI Effect of temperature and water availability during late maturation of the soybean seed on germ and cotyledon isoflavone content and composition SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE isoflavones; soybean; Glycine max; soy germ; hypocotyls; environment; genotype ID GLYCINE-MAX L.; CANCER PREVENTION; SYNTHASE GENES; INFANT FORMULA; HUMAN HEALTH; SOY FOODS; ENVIRONMENT; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM AB BACKGROUND: Isoflavone content in soybean seeds is strongly influenced by both environment and genotype. However, little is known about the effect of environment and genotype on isoflavones in germ versus cotyledons. To determine the effect of temperature and soil moisture status during soybean seed development on seed isoflavone concentration and composition, a set of two French and three US cultivars of similar maturity were grown in the greenhouse. At the R6 growth stage, plants were subjected to one of three night/day temperature regimes (13/23 degrees, 18/28 degrees or 23/33 degrees C) in either optimal or sub-optimal soil water conditions. RESULTS: In cotyledons, a three- to six-fold variation in total isoflavone content was observed between the high and low temperature treatments, whereas the germ contents had less than a two-fold variation. Soil water supply had less effect than temperature on the isoflavone contents and compositions. In both seed parts, the isoflavone concentrations were highly dependent on the cultivar. CONCLUSION: These results show that isoflavone content and composition in cotyledon and germ are unrelated and it should be possible to independently manipulate these seed traits through plant breeding and crop management systems. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Rasolohery, Claudine A.; Berger, Monique; Dayde, Jean] ESA Purpan, Lab AgroPhysiol,Ecole Super Agr Purpan, ESAP 1054, UMR INRA, F-31076 Toulouse 03, France. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Berger, M (reprint author), ESA Purpan, Lab AgroPhysiol,Ecole Super Agr Purpan, ESAP 1054, UMR INRA, F-31076 Toulouse 03, France. EM monique.berger@purpan.fr RI Berger, Monique/J-3600-2012 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3075 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 253ND UT WOS:000252524000008 ER PT J AU Wang, TJ Pencina, MJ Booth, SL Jacques, PF Ingelsson, E Lanier, K Benjamin, EJ D'Agostino, RB Wolf, M Vasan, RS AF Wang, Thomas J. Pencina, Michael J. Booth, Sarah L. Jacques, Paul F. Ingelsson, Erik Lanier, Katherine Benjamin, Emelia J. D'Agostino, Ralph B. Wolf, Myles Vasan, Ramachandran S. TI Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; risk factors; vitamin D ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PLASMA-RENIN ACTIVITY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; D SUPPLEMENTATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; D INSUFFICIENCY AB Background - Vitamin D receptors have a broad tissue distribution that includes vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes. A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system, but data from longitudinal studies are lacking. Methods and Results - We studied 1739 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 59 years; 55% women; all white) without prior cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Prespecified thresholds were used to characterize varying degrees of 25-OH D deficiency (< 15 ng/mL, < 10 ng/mL). Multivariable Cox regression models were adjusted for conventional risk factors. Overall, 28% of individuals had levels < 15 ng/mL, and 9% had levels < 10 ng/mL. During a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 120 individuals developed a first cardiovascular event. Individuals with 25-OH D < 15 ng/mL had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2.36, P = 0.01) for incident cardiovascular events compared with those with 25-OH D >= 15 ng/mL. This effect was evident in participants with hypertension (hazard ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 3.48) but not in those without hypertension (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.96). There was a graded increase in cardiovascular risk across categories of 25-OH D, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.36) for levels 10 to < 15 ng/mL and 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 3.08) for levels < 10 ng/mL (P for linear trend = 0.01). Further adjustment for C-reactive protein, physical activity, or vitamin use did not affect the findings. Conclusions - Vitamin D deficiency is associated with incident cardiovascular disease. Further clinical and experimental studies may be warranted to determine whether correction of vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. C1 [Wang, Thomas J.; Pencina, Michael J.; Ingelsson, Erik; Lanier, Katherine; Benjamin, Emelia J.; D'Agostino, Ralph B.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Wolf, Myles] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med,Renal Div, Boston, MA USA. [Wang, Thomas J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med,Div Cardiol, Boston, MA USA. [Pencina, Michael J.; D'Agostino, Ralph B.] Boston Univ, Dept Math, Stat & Consulting Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Booth, Sarah L.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Sect Cardiol & Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wang, TJ (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, GRB-800,55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM tjwang@partners.org RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K23-RR-017376-04]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23-HL-074077, K24-HL-04334, N01-HC-25195]; NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG14759]; NIAMS NIH HHS [K23 AR054334, K23 AR054334-03] NR 64 TC 1128 Z9 1181 U1 11 U2 115 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JAN 29 PY 2008 VL 117 IS 4 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 256FA UT WOS:000252711900008 PM 18180395 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC Simmons, AM Soumare, M AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. Simmons, Alvin M. Soumare, Mohamed TI Life table analysis for immatures and female adults of the predatory beetle, Delphastus catalinae, feeding on whiteflies under three constant temperatures SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coccinellidae; developmental rate; survivorship; fecundity; Bemisia tabaci ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; POINSETTIA EUPHORBIA-PULCHERRIMA; PUSILLUS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TABACI HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; ALEYRODIDAE; COCCINELLIDAE; HISTORY AB Immature development and reproductive life history of Delphastus catalinae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (= B. argentifolii Bellows and Perring) immatures was studied at three constant temperatures: 22, 26 and 30 degrees C. Lower developmental threshold temperatures (T-0) were estimated at 9 and 9.9 degrees C, for males and females, respectively. Female adults weighed slightly more than males (0.587 and 0.505 mg, respectively). As temperature increased from 22 to 30 degrees C, developmental time from eggs to eclosion of the adult declined from 24 to 15 days. Thermal units required for immature development was similar to 300 degree-days. Percentage egg hatch declined at increasing temperatures, but no significant effect of time was found. The intrinsic rate of increase, r, increased from 0.048 to 0.082 and doubling time decreased from 14.44 to 8.45 days as temperature increased from 22 to 26 degrees C. Mean daily fecundity was modeled as a function of time and temperature to create a 3-dimensional surface. Overall, Delphastus catalinae was found to perform better at 22 and 26 degrees C while 30 degrees C was detrimental to immature development and adult reproduction. C1 [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo] Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr.] FPSC, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Simmons, Alvin M.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Soumare, Mohamed] Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Forest Ecosyst Assessment, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM jesusa.legaspi@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 7 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CQ UT WOS:000253057100001 PM 20345295 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Kimball, BA Provenza, FD AF Werner, Scott J. Kimball, Bruce A. Provenza, Frederick D. TI Food color, flavor, and conditioned avoidance among red-winged blackbirds SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; aversive conditioning; chemical repellent; foraging behavior; preference; sensory cue; wildlife damage management ID EUROPEAN STARLINGS; AVERSIONS; TASTE; CUES; RESPONSES; REPELLENTS; PREFERENCE; SPARROWS AB The relationship between food flavors and postingestive feedback enables mammalian herbivores to procure nutrients and avoid toxins within ever-changing environments. We conducted four experiments with red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) in captivity to determine the relative roles of color and flavor cues paired with negative postingestive feedback. We first conducted baseline tests to assess preferences for colors and flavors. All blackbirds preferred red- to blue-colored food, and they preferred umami- (L-alanine) flavored to bitter/astringent food (tannic acid). We observed no difference in consumption of salty (NaCl) vs sour (citric acid) foods during baseline tests (i.e., neutral flavors). We then conditioned experimentally naive blackbirds with intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (LiCl) to avoid food treated with red and L-alanine, or red and NaCl (n=30 birds per conditioning group). Subsequent to conditioning with LiCl, three test groups were established from each conditioned group to evaluate color and flavor preferences, and preferences for novel color-flavor pairings (e.g., red/tannic acid vs blue/L-alanine). Blackbirds avoided red and salty food throughout the 4-day test. Avoidance conditioned with LiCl extinguished for preferred flavors, but not for colors, of food. Conditioning affected indifference for the otherwise preferred flavor and avoidance for the otherwise neutral flavor. Relative to the neutral-flavor conditioning group, the group conditioned with a preferred flavor exhibited stronger conditioned avoidance of colored food. Unlike conditioned flavor avoidance, birds were conditioned to avoid red food only when blue food was made familiar prior to conditioning. Collectively, these results illustrate that blackbirds used affective processes (flavor-feedback relationships) to shift preference for both novel and familiar flavors, and cognitive associations (colors) to avoid food, subsequent to toxin exposure. We discuss the opportunities afforded by affective and cognitive processing for reducing agricultural damage caused by blackbirds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Werner, Scott J.; Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Provenza, Frederick D.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Wemer@aphis.usda.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.002 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 260UA UT WOS:000253034700015 PM 17804026 ER PT J AU Field, KL Kimball, BA Mennella, JA Beauchamp, GK Bachmanov, AA AF Field, Kristin L. Kimball, Bruce A. Mennella, Julie A. Beauchamp, Gary K. Bachmanov, Alexander A. TI Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE protein preference; protein avoidance; milk protein; two-choice test; short-term versus long-tern test; hydrolysate formula; deer repellent ID BOVINE-MILK ALPHA(S1)-CASEIN; TRYPTIC HYDROLYSATE; MACRONUTRIENT SELECTION; BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES; FLAVOR PREFERENCES; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BITTER PEPTIDES; PROTEIN; RATS; FORMULAS AB When casein, a milk protein, is hydrolyzed, it renders human foods that contain it (e.g., hypoallergenic infant; formula, cheeses) distasteful to many people. This rejection of hydrolyzed casein (HC)-containing foods has recently been found to also occur in a non-human species (deer, Odocoileus spp.). Identifying other animals that avoid HC would facilitate understanding. how and why HC-containing food is often rejected. This study determined whether HC-containing food is avoided by Mus musculus and whether consumption patterns were sensitive to testing conditions, specifically food form (powder, pellet or dough) and food access (ad libitum or 1.5 h/day following 6 h of food deprivation). Diets were offered in two-choice tests that paired an HC-containing food with an intact casein-containing alternative at seven protein concentrations (0%-50% w/w). Five experimental groups were tested under different combinations of food form and food access. Three groups (ad lib/powder, ad lib/pellet, and 1.5 h/pellet) avoided the HC diet starting at the 30% protein level. At the 40% and 50% protein levels, all groups showed strong avoidance of HC. Although testing conditions influenced total caloric intake and body weight gain, avoidance of HC at the highest concentrations was robust to the manipulations in experimental conditions. Our study suggests that mice may be a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of HC rejection. (C) 2007 Else:vier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Field, Kristin L.; Kimball, Bruce A.; Mennella, Julie A.; Beauchamp, Gary K.; Bachmanov, Alexander A.] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Field, KL (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kfield@monell.org OI Bachmanov, Alexander/0000-0002-2861-3322; Mennella, Julie/0000-0002-8855-0204 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD37119, R01 HD037119, R01 HD037119-06]; NIDCD NIH HHS [T32 DC000014, 2 T32 DC 00014-26, R01 DC000882, R01 DC000882-24, R01 DC00882, T32 DC000014-26] NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.010 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 260UA UT WOS:000253034700024 PM 17900635 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Bayles, DO Waters, WR Palmer, MV Stabel, JR Paustian, ML AF Bannantine, John P. Bayles, Darrell O. Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell V. Stabel, Judith R. Paustian, Michael L. TI Early antibody response against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antigens in subclinical cattle SO PROTEOME SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; JOHNES-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTEIN ARRAY; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; DIAGNOSIS; GENOME; EXPRESSION; CALVES AB Background: Our laboratories have previously reported on the experimental infection of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) using an intratonsillar infection model. In addition, we have recently developed a partial protein array representing 92 M. paratuberculosis coding sequences. These combined tools have enabled a unique look at the temporal analysis of M. paratuberculosis antigens within the native host. The primary objective of this study was to identify M. paratuberculosis antigens detected by cattle early during infection. A secondary objective was to evaluate the humoral immune response in cattle during the initial year of infection. Results: Sera from two experimentally infected cattle, taken pre-inoculation and at day 70, 194 and 321 post infection, identified dynamic antibody reactivity among antigens with some showing an increased response over time and others showing declining levels of reactivity over the same time period. A M. paratuberculosis specific protein, encoded by MAP0862, was strongly detected initially, but the antibody response became weaker with time. The most reactive protein was a putative surface antigen encoded by MAP1087. A second protein, MAP1204, implicated in virulence, was also strongly detected by day 70 in both cattle. Subsequent experiments showed that these two proteins were detected with sera from 5 of 9 naturally infected cattle in the subclinical stage of Johne's disease. Conclusion: Collectively these results demonstrate that M. paratuberculosis proteins are detected by sera from experimentally infected cattle as early as 70 days after exposure. These data further suggest at least two antigens may be useful in the early diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis infections. Finally, the construction and use of a protein array in this pilot study has led to a novel approach for discovery of M. paratuberculosis antigens. C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Bayles, Darrell O.; Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Stabel, Judith R.; Paustian, Michael L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov; darrell.bayles@ars.usda.gov; ray.waters@ars.usda.gov; mitchell.palmer@ars.usda.gov; judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov; michael.paustian@ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-5956 J9 PROTEOME SCI JI Proteome Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 6 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1477-5956-6-5 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 271UI UT WOS:000253813800002 PM 18226229 ER PT J AU Naumann, TA Tavassoli, A Benkovic, SJ AF Naumann, Todd A. Tavassoli, Ali Benkovic, Stephen J. TI Genetic selection of cyclic peptide dam methyltransferase inhibitors SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE cyclic peptides; DNA methylation; EcoDam genetic selection; peptides ID DNA ADENINE METHYLATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPOSITION C1 [Naumann, Todd A.; Tavassoli, Ali; Benkovic, Stephen J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Naumann, Todd A.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Tavassoli, Ali] Univ Southampton, Sch Chem, Southampton SO16 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Benkovic, SJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sjb1@psu.edu OI Tavassoli, Ali/0000-0002-7420-5063 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1002/cbic.200700561 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 258PO UT WOS:000252880000003 PM 18085543 ER PT J AU Campbell, JW Hanula, JL Outcalt, KW AF Campbell, Joshua W. Hanula, James L. Outcalt, Kenneth W. TI Effects of prescribed fire and other plant community restoration treatments on tree mortality, bark beetles, and other saproxylic Coleoptera of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the Coastal Plain of Alabama SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; prescribed fire; cerambycidae; trogositidae; multiple funnel trap; saproxylic ID BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE; FOREST COLEOPTERA; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SCOLYTIDAE; FLORIDA; ASSOCIATION; ATTRACTION; INSECTS; WEEVILS; ETHANOL AB Treatments to restore understory plant communities of mature (50-80-year old) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) and reduce risks of wildfire were applied to 10 ha plots that had a substantial shrub layer due to lack of fire. Plots were located in the Coastal Plain of Alabama and treatments consisted of: (1) untreated control, (2) growing season prescribed bum, (3) thin only, (4) thin plus growing season bum, and (5) herbicide plus growing season bum. Thin plus bum plots had significantly higher tree mortality compared to bum only and control plots and, overall, fire was the primary cause of tree death. Most tree mortality occurred within 1-year of treatment. From 2002 to 2004, we captured 75,598 Coleoptera in multiple funnel traps comprising 17 families and 130 species. Abundance of all Coleoptera, combined was not different among treatments. Species richness was significantly higher on thin plus burn plots compared to thin only and control plots. Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant on thin plus bum plots compared to control plots in fall 2002 but in fall 2003 they were more abundant on thin plus bum, thin only, and herbicide plus burn compared to controls. Among Scolytinae, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg), Xyleborus sp. 3, and Hylastes tenuis (Eichhoff), showed varying responses to the treatments. Other Curculionidae were significantly more abundant on thin only and herbicide plus bum plots compared to all other treatments in spring 2003 and in spring 2004 they were more abundant on herbicide plus bum plots compared to thin plus bum treatments. Among Cerambycidae, Xylotrechus sagittatus (Germar) was higher in abundance in fall 2003 on thin plus bum plots compared to all other treatments except herbicide plus bum plots. Within the predator complex, Trogositidae were higher on thin plus bum plots compared to all other treatments except thin only plots in spring 2003, and Cleridae abundance was higher in spring 2004 on bum only plots compared to all other treatments. Linear regression analyses of dead trees per plot versus various Coleoptera showed captures of Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Trogositidae, Acanthocinus nodosus (Fabricius), Temnochila virescens (Fabricius), and X. saxeseni increased with increasing number of dead trees. Our results show that the restoration treatments tested did not cause increased bark beetle-related tree mortality and they did not negatively affect populations of early successional saproxylic beetle fauna. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Campbell, Joshua W.; Hanula, James L.; Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Campbell, JW (reprint author), Shorter Coll, Sch Sci & Math, 315 Shorter Ave, Rome, GA 30165 USA. EM jcampbell@shorter.edu NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.032 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 256XL UT WOS:000252763100003 ER PT J AU Violi, HA Barrientos-Priego, AF Wright, SF Escamilla-Prado, E Morton, JB Menge, JA Lovatt, CJ AF Violi, Helen A. Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F. Wright, Sara F. Escamilla-Prado, Esteban Morton, Joseph B. Menge, John A. Lovatt, Carol J. TI Disturbance changes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal phenology and soil glomalin concentrations but not fungal spore composition in montane rainforests in Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE glomalin; MAb32B11 immunoreactive soil protein; Mycorrhizal fungi; Mexico; Montane rainforest; sporulation; phenology; disturbance ID TROPICAL FOREST; AGGREGATE STABILITY; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE POSITION; LAND-USE; GRASSLAND; PROTEIN; HOST; COMMUNITIES; CARBON AB Mexican montane rainforests and adjacent disturbed areas were studied for disturbance-related spatio-temporal changes to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community and soil glomalin concentration. The AMF community functions to both improve plant growth and soil conditions and is thus an important component to the restoration of this forest type to disturbed areas. The study areas included mature rainforests that were converted to pine forests, milpas, pastures and shrub/herbaceous plant communities via burning and logging. Seasonal patterns in AMF spore species richness and sporulation significantly differed across disturbance types at two of the three sites surveyed. Contrasting patterns of sporulation among AMF families across different disturbance types helped to explain how species richness and composition were maintained despite dramatic changes to the host plant community. Meaning, in most cases, disturbance induced changes in when different AMF taxa sporulated but not what taxa sporulated. Only conversion from mature pine-oak-Liquidambar-Persea forests to pine-dominated stands severely reduced AMF spore richness and total sporulation. Surprisingly, in pine-dominant stands no concomitant negative impacts on soil glomalin (MAb32B11 immunoreactive soil protein) concentrations were detected. However, soils of mature forests containing no pines had the highest concentration of glomalin. Conversion to pasture and milpa (diverse cornfield) had a strong negative impact on the concentration of soil glomalin concentrations. In sharp contrast, the same disturbance types improved AMF sporulation and AMF spore richness. It appears that disturbance type, and not AMF community measures used herein, best predicts changes in soil glomalin concentration. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Violi, Helen A.; Lovatt, Carol J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Chapingo 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. [Wright, Sara F.] USDA, ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Escamilla-Prado, Esteban] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, CRUO, Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico. [Morton, Joseph B.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Violi, Helen A.; Menge, John A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Violi, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM hvioli@ufl.edu NR 79 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 2 BP 276 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.016 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 256XL UT WOS:000252763100017 ER PT J AU Moseley, KR Ford, WM Edwards, JW Schuler, TM AF Moseley, Kurtis R. Ford, W. Mark Edwards, John W. Schuler, Thomas M. TI Long-term partial cutting impacts on Desmognathus salamander abundance in West Virginia headwater streams SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE best management practices; central appalachians; Desmognathus; forest management; headwater streams; partial cutting; sedimentation ID TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FINE SEDIMENT; HOME RANGE; AMPHIBIANS; WATER; FUSCUS; URBANIZATION; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA AB To understand long-term impacts of partial cutting practices on stream-dwelling salamanders in the central Appalachians, we examined pooled abundance of Desmognathus fuscus and D. monticola salamanders (hereafter Desmognathus) in headwater streams located within long-term silvicultural research compartments on the Fernow Experimental Forest, Tucker County, West Virginia. We sampled Desmognathus salamanders in 12 headwater streams within silvicultural research compartments that have been subjected to partial cutting for approximately 50 years. We used an information-theoretic approach to test five a priori models explaining partial cutting effects at the compartment-level on Desmognathus abundance and eight a priori models explaining stream reach-scale habitat effects on Desmognathus abundance. Our modeling efforts resulted in the selection of two competing models explaining partial cutting effects on Desmognathus abundance at the compartment-level. The VOLUME model, which incorporated cumulative timber volume harvested within compartments, received the greatest support and indicated that Desmognathus abundance was impacted negatively by increased timber volume removal. The second model, LASTDISTURB, incorporating the single variable of time since last harvest activity, indicated that Desmognathus abundance increased with time since last harvest at the compartment-level. For stream reach-scale habitat variables. the EMBEDDED model incorporating the percent of embedded substrate within streams, received the strongest support for explaining Desmognathus abundance. Our results suggest that long-term partial cutting suppresses Desmognathus abundance, possibly by increasing stream sedimentation and thereby reducing available cover for juvenile and adult salamanders. However, these practices do not appear to have threatened long-term persistence of Desmognathus in central Appalachian headwater streams. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ford, W. Mark; Schuler, Thomas M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Moseley, Kurtis R.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 2 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.073 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 256XL UT WOS:000252763100019 ER PT J AU Negron, JF Allen, K Cook, B Withrow, JR AF Negron, Jose F. Allen, Kurt Cook, Blaine Withrow, John R., Jr. TI Susceptibility of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa (Dougl. ex Laws.), to mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, attack in uneven-aged stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mountain pine beetle; ponderosa pine; Dendroctonus ponderosae; bark beetles ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; LODGEPOLE PINE; KENAI PENINSULA; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; CLASSIFICATION; PROBABILITY; VEGETATION; HAZARD AB Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins can can se extensive tree mortality in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., Forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Most studies that have examined stand susceptibility to mountain pine beetle have been conducted in even-aged stands. Land managers increasingly practice uneven-aged management. We established 84 clusters of four plots, one where)ark beetle-caused mortality was present and three uninfested plots. For all plot trees we recorded species, tree diameter, and crown position and for ponderosa pine whether they were killed or infested by mountain pine beetle. Elevation, slope, and aspect were also recorded. We used classification trees to model the likelihood of bark beetle attack based on plot and site variables. The probability of individual tree attack within the infested plots was estimated using logistic regression. Basal area of ponderosa pine in trees >= 25.4 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) and ponderosa pine stand density index were correlated with mountain pine beetle attack. Regression trees and linear regression indicated that the amount of observed tree mortality vas associated with initial ponderosa pine basal area and ponderosa pine stand density index. Infested stands had higher total and ponderosa pine basal rea, total and ponderosa pine stand density index, and ponderosa pine basal area in trees >= 25.4 cm dbh. The probability of individual tree attack within infested plots was positively correlated with tree diameter with ponderosa pine stand density index modifying the relationship. A tree of a given size was more likely to be attacked in a denser stand. We conclude that stands with higher ponderosa pine basal area in trees > 25.4 cm and ponderosa pine stand density index are correlated with an increased likelihood of mountain pine beetle bark beetle attack. Information form this study will help forest managers in the identification of uneven-aged stands with a higher likelihood of bark beetle attack and expected levels of tree mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Negron, Jose F.; Withrow, John R., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, SI Int, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Allen, Kurt; Cook, Blaine] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City Serv Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, SI Int, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jnegron@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.018 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 256XL UT WOS:000252763100021 ER PT J AU Vincent, AL Lager, KM Janke, BH Gramer, MR Richt, JA AF Vincent, Amy L. Lager, Kelly M. Janke, Bruce H. Gramer, Marie R. Richt, Juergen A. TI Failure of protection and enhanced pneumonia with a USH1N2 swine influenza virus in pigs vaccinated with an inactivated classical swine H1N1 vaccine SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swine influenza virus; cross-protection; Het-I ID MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; CD8(+) T-CELLS; A VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; CROSS-PROTECTION; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; VIRAL-PROTEINS; AMERICAN PIGS AB Two US swine influenza virus (SIV) isolates, A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1 (IA30) and A/Swine/Minnesota/00194/2003 H1N2 (MN03), were evaluated in an in vivo vaccination and challenge model. Inactivated vaccines were prepared from each isolate and used to immunize conventional pigs, followed by challenge with homologous or heterologous virus. Both inactivated vaccines provided complete protection against homologous challenge. However, the IA30 vaccine failed to protect against the heterologous MN03 challenge. Three of the nine pigs in this group had substantially greater percentages of lung lesions, suggesting the vaccine potentiated the pneumonia. In contrast, priming with live IA30 virus provided protection from nasal shedding and virus replication in the lung in MN03 challenged pigs. These data indicate that divergent viruses that did not cross-react serologically did not provide complete cross-protection when used in inactivated vaccines against heterologous challenge and may have enhanced disease. In addition, live virus infection conferred protection against heterologous challenge. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vincent, Amy L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Richt, Juergen A.] USDA, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Janke, Bruce H.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Gramer, Marie R.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), USDA, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 4 BP 310 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.011 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 253DA UT WOS:000252497700002 PM 17719188 ER PT J AU Cooper, JL Till, BJ Laport, RG Darlow, MC Kleffner, JM Jamai, A El-Mellouki, T Liu, S Ritchie, R Nielsen, N Bilyeu, KD Meksem, K Comai, L Henikoff, S AF Cooper, Jennifer L. Till, Bradley J. Laport, Robert G. Darlow, Margaret C. Kleffner, Justin M. Jamai, Aziz El-Mellouki, Tarik Liu, Shiming Ritchie, Rae Nielsen, Niels Bilyeu, Kristin D. Meksem, Khalid Comai, Luca Henikoff, Steven TI TILLING to detect induced mutations in soybean SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY-INDUCED MUTATIONS; INDUCED POINT MUTATIONS; METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; REVERSE GENETICS; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; TRANSFORMATION; DISCOVERY; MUTANTS AB Background: Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is an important nitrogen- fixing crop that provides much of the world's protein and oil. However, the available tools for investigation of soybean gene function are limited. Nevertheless, chemical mutagenesis can be applied to soybean followed by screening for mutations in a target of interest using a strategy known as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING). We have applied TILLING to four mutagenized soybean populations, three of which were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and one with Nnitroso-N-methylurea ( NMU). Results: We screened seven targets in each population and discovered a total of 116 induced mutations. The NMU-treated population and one EMS mutagenized population had similar mutation density (similar to 1/140 kb), while another EMS population had a mutation density of similar to 1/250 kb. The remaining population had a mutation density of similar to 1/550 kb. Because of soybean's polyploid history, PCR amplification of multiple targets could impede mutation discovery. Indeed, one set of primers tested in this study amplified more than a single target and produced low quality data. To address this problem, we removed an extraneous target by pretreating genomic DNA with a restriction enzyme. Digestion of the template eliminated amplification of the extraneous target and allowed the identification of four additional mutant alleles compared to untreated template. Conclusion: The development of four independent populations with considerable mutation density, together with an additional method for screening closely related targets, indicates that soybean is a suitable organism for high- throughput mutation discovery even with its extensively duplicated genome. C1 [Till, Bradley J.; Comai, Luca] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kleffner, Justin M.] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jamai, Aziz; El-Mellouki, Tarik; Liu, Shiming; Meksem, Khalid] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Ritchie, Rae; Nielsen, Niels] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cooper, Jennifer L.; Till, Bradley J.; Laport, Robert G.; Darlow, Margaret C.; Henikoff, Steven] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. RP Henikoff, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jlcooper@fhcrc.org; B.TILL@iaea.org; rlaport@mail.rochester.edu; mdarlow@fhcrc.org; kleffnerJ@missouri.edu; aziz.jamai@dartmouth.edu; elmelloukit@umkc.edu; smliu@siu.edu; rrecord1@purdue.edu; nnielsen@purdue.edu; bilyeuk@missouri.edu; meksemk@siu.edu; lcomai@ucdavis.edu; steveh@fhcrc.org RI Comai, Luca/F-4279-2010; OI Comai, Luca/0000-0003-2642-6619; Ritchie, Rae/0000-0002-0693-0693 NR 37 TC 111 Z9 128 U1 7 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-9 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 273XB UT WOS:000253964400001 PM 18218134 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL Salch, JH AF Fanta, George F. Felker, Frederick C. Shogren, Randal L. Salch, John H. TI Preparation of spherulites from jet cooked mixtures of high amylose starch and fatty acids. Effect of preparative conditions on spherulite morphology and yield SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; amylose; fatty acid; spherulite; helical inclusion complex; excess steam jet cook ID INCLUSION COMPLEXES; CEREAL STARCHES; SINGLE CRYSTALS; V COMPLEXES; CORNSTARCH; COOKING; LIPIDS; DISPERSIONS; AMYLOPECTIN AB When high amylose cornstarch (amylose content: 70%) was jet cooked with 5% palmitic acid, based on amylose, spherulite yields of approximately 60%, based oil total starch, were obtained. Spherulites were characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The types of spherulites formed depended oil the method used to cool the hot, jet cooked dispersions. Slow cooling for 22 h with magnetic stirring produced mixtures of torus/disc and spherical/lobed spherulites along with trace amounts of micron and sub-micron sized particles. In the absence of stirring, higher yields of sub-micron particles were observed along with spherulite aggregates that were comprised primarily of large, torus/disc spherulites with only minor amounts of spherical/lobed material. When jet cooked dispersions were rapidly cooled in ice, sub-micron spherical particles were the only particles observed. When defatted high amylose cornstarch was used, it was necessary to add an additional amount of palmitic acid to replace the native lipid removed from the starch sample in order to maximize yields and to avoid gel formation. Amounts of complexed palmitic acid in these spherulites varied from 4.5% to 6.1%, by weight. High yields of spherulites were also obtained when oleic acid was used; and, as observed with palmitic acid, sub-micron spherical particles were the only particles observed when the dispersion was rapidly cooled. Factors that affect the formation and morphology of these spherulites were considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Felker, Frederick C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fanta, George F.; Shogren, Randal L.; Salch, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frederick.felker@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.05.034 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 242YQ UT WOS:000251762500011 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Luzio, GA Goodner, K Williams, MAK AF Cameron, Randall G. Luzio, Gary A. Goodner, Kevin Williams, Martin A. K. TI Demethylation of a model homogalacturonan with a salt-independent pectin methylesterase from citrus: I. Effect of pH on demethylated block size, block number and enzyme mode of action SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE pectin; structure; pectin methylesterase; mode of action; endo-polygalacturonase; EPG; polysaccharide; homogalacturonan ID GALACTURONIC ACID DISTRIBUTION; ENDO-POLYGALACTURONASE-II; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTIPLE-ATTACK; ORANGE JUICE; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYL-ESTERIFICATION; DE-ESTERIFICATION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY AB A model homogalacturonan (HG) was used to produce a demethylated series by reacting it with a citrus salt-independent pectin methylesterase (PME) at pH 4.5 and 7.5. HGs with a predicted degree of methylesterification (DM) of 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50% were produced. HG structural properties and PME mode of action were probed by performing a limited digest with an endo-polygalacturonase. Liberated demethylated blocks (DMB) were separated and quantified by HPAEC coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector. A significant increase in maximum and average size of released DMBs was observed between 80% and 70% DM at pH 7.5 and between 70% and 60% at pH 4.5. The observed distribution of fragment lengths was compared to theoretical modeled distributions. A multiple-attack mechanism with a degree of processivity (p) of p = 1 at pH 4.5 and p = 10 at pH 7.5 modeled the observed shorter fragments well, while in all cases the amount of larger fragments detected was more successfully described by a single-chain mechanism. published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cameron, Randall G.; Luzio, Gary A.; Goodner, Kevin] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Williams, Martin A. K.] Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM cameron@citrus.usda.gov NR 62 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1016/.j.carbpol.2007.07.007 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 242YQ UT WOS:000251762500015 ER PT J AU Luzio, GA Cameron, RG AF Luzio, Gary A. Cameron, Randall G. TI Demethylation of a model homogalacturonan with the salt-independent pectin methylesterase from citrus: Part II. Structure-function analysis SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE endo-polygalacturonase; polysaccharide; homogalacturonan; rheology; yield points; storage modulus; G '; loss modulus; G"; mapping; block size; block number ID GALACTURONIC ACID DISTRIBUTION; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENDO-POLYGALACTURONASE-II; SINENSIS VAR. VALENCIA; EGG-BOX MODEL; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; DE-ESTERIFICATION; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ACTION PATTERNS AB Non-calcium sensitive pectin (NCSP). with a 94%, degree of methylation (DM) was demethylated at pH 4.5 and 7.5 using monocomponent citrus salt-independent pectin methylesterase (PME). In a companion publication [Cameron, R. G., Luzio, G. A., Goodner. K., & Williams. M. A. K. (2008). Demethylation of a model homogalacturonan with the salt-independent pectin methylesterase from citrus: I. Effect of pH on demethylated block size and distribution. Carbohydrate Polymers], average demethylated blocks size ((BS) over bar), average number of demethylated blocks per molecule ((BN) over bar) and enzyme mode of action were characterized for a series of pectins using a limited digest with endo-polygalacturonase (EPG) to release demethylated blocks (DMBs) from each demethylated pectin. Rheology and calcium sensitivity measurements. on the same series of pectins, are presented herein to relate (BS) over bar and (BN) over bar values to functional properties. For the pH 4.5 - 50% DM sample with an excised (BS) over bar = 8.6 and (BN) over bar = 3.9, greater than 95% of the molecules appeared to be crosslinked with calcium ion and a storage modulus (G') value of 7.31 Pa was observed. For the pH 4.5 - 70% DM. The data indicated that for the pH 7.5 series, block number could be a limiting factor. The excised block size for the pH 7.5-60% DM sample was comparatively large at 12.2 compared to the pH 4.5 series. In contrast, block number of at least 2.0 appeared to be required before a significant level of calcium sensitivity was observed in the pH 7.5 series. Mixing the pH 4.5 - 70% DM sample with narrow-range size-classes of oligogalacturonic acids (OGal-A) showed that small galacturonic acid oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) less than 13 could lower yield point (YP) and affect gelation. suggesting that even small excised DMBs need to be considered when relating pectin block size to functional properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luzio, Gary A.; Cameron, Randall G.] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Luzio, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM gary.luzio@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1016/.carbpol.2007.05.038 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 242YQ UT WOS:000251762500016 ER PT J AU Lippitt, CD Rogan, J Toledano, J Saylgermano, F Eastmana, JR Mastro, V Sawyer, A AF Lippitt, Christopher D. Rogan, John Toledano, James Saylgermano, Florencia Eastmana, J. Ronald Mastro, Victor Sawyer, Alan TI Incorporating anthropogenic variables into a species distribution model to map gypsy moth risk SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE species distribution modeling; anthropogenic; neural network; risk; invasive species ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEM; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; LYMANTRIIDAE DEFOLIATION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; LEPIDOPTERA; VEGETATION; GIS; BIODIVERSITY; PREDICTION AB This paper presents a novel methodology for multi-scale and multi-type spatial data integration in support of insect pest risk/vulnerability assessment in the contiguous United States. Probability of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) establishment is used as a case study. A neural network facilitates the integration of variables representing dynamic anthropogenic interaction and ecological characteristics. Neural network model (back-propagation network [BPN]) results are compared to logistic regression and multi-criteria evaluation via weighted linear combination, using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) and a simple threshold assessment. The BPN provided the most accurate infestation-forecast predictions producing an AUC of 0.93, followed by multi-criteria evaluation (AUC = 0.92) and logistic regression (AUC = 0.86) when independently validating using post model infestation data. Results suggest that BPN can provide valuable insight into factors contributing to introduction for invasive species whose propagation and establishment requirements are not fully understood. The integration of anthropogenic and ecological variables allowed production of an accurate risk model and provided insight into the impact of human activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lippitt, Christopher D.; Rogan, John; Saylgermano, Florencia; Eastmana, J. Ronald] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Lippitt, Christopher D.; Toledano, James; Saylgermano, Florencia; Eastmana, J. Ronald] Clark Labs, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Mastro, Victor; Sawyer, Alan] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, PPQ PSDEL, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, Worcester, MA 02542 USA. RP Lippitt, CD (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM Lippitt@rohan.sdsu.edu NR 78 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 210 IS 3 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.08.005 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255JR UT WOS:000252654800012 ER PT J AU Steel, J Burmakina, SV Thomas, C Spackman, E Garcia-Sastre, A Swayne, DE Palese, P AF Steel, John Burmakina, Svetlana V. Thomas, Colleen Spackman, Erica Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Swayne, David E. Palese, Peter TI A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE in-ovo; avian influenza; NDV ID A VIRUS; PROTECTS CHICKENS; HEMAGGLUTININ; GLYCOSYLATION; VIRULENCE; DUCKS; CELLS; ASIA AB The protection of poultry from H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be achieved through vaccination, as part of a broader disease control strategy. We have previously generated a recombinant influenza virus expressing, (i) an H5 hemagglutinin protein, modified by the removal of the polybasic cleavage peptide and (ii) the ectodomain of the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein in the place of the ectodomain of influenza neuraminidase (Park MS, et al. Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA 2006;103(21):8203-8). Here we show this virus is attenuated in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell culture, and demonstrate protection of C57BL/6 mice from lethal challenge with an H5 HA-containing influenza virus through immunisation with the recombinant virus. In addition, in-ovo vaccination of 18-day-old embryonated chicken eggs provided 90% and 80% protection against highly stringent lethal challenge by NDV and H5N1 virus, respectively. We propose that this virus has potential as a safe in-ovo live, attenuated, bivalent avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus vaccine. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steel, John; Burmakina, Svetlana V.; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Palese, Peter] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Thomas, Colleen; Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Hosp, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM peter.patese@mssm.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [HHSN266200700010C, U54 AI 057158-04, U01 AI 070469, U54 AI057158, U19 AI062623, U01 AI070469, U01 AI070469-02, 1 UC19 AI 062623-023, U19 AI062623-02, U54 AI057158-04] NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.032 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 260IY UT WOS:000253005200010 PM 18093698 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Tekwani, B Khan, SI AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Tekwani, Babu Khan, Shabana I. TI Content, composition, and bioactivity of the essential oils of three basil genotypes as a function of harvesting SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE basil; Ocimum basilicum; Ocimum sanctum; Ocimum tenuiflorum; antimicrobial; antile-ishmanial; essential oils ID RICH ESSENTIAL OIL; SWEET BASIL; ANTILEISHMANIAL ACTIVITY; OCIMUM-GRATISSIMUM; SANCTUM L.; METABOLITES; CULTIVARS; AUSTRALIA; QUALITY; PLANTS AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cut on biomass productivity, oil content, composition, and bioactivity of Ocimum basilicum L. (cvs. German and Mesten) and Ocimum sanctum L. (syn. O. tenuiflorum L.) (cv. Local) in Mississippi. Yields of basil herbage and essential oil were high and comparable to those reported in the literature. Essential oil content of O. basilicum, cv. German varied from 0.40 to 0.75%, the oil content of cv. Mesten varied from 0.50 to 0.72%, and the oil content of cv. Local (of O. sanctum) ranged from 0.17 to 0.50% in air-dried basil. Herbage and essential oil yields of cvs. German and Mesten of O. basilicum increased with the second and then again with the third cut, whereas herbage and oil yields of cv. Local of O. sanctum increased with the third cut relative to the previous cuts. Overall, essential oil yields were 115, 123, and 51 kg/ha for the cvs. German, Mesten, and Local, respectively. The major oil constituents of cvs. German and Mesten (of O. basilicum) were (-)-linalool (30-40%) and eugenol (8-30%), whereas the major oil constituents of cv. Local (of O. sanctum) were eugenol (8-43%) and methylchavicol (15-27%). Essential oils from both species grown in Mississippi showed in vitro activity against Leishmania donovani (IC50 = 37.3-49.6 mu g/mL), which was comparable to the activity of commercial oil (IC50 = 40-50 mu g/mL). Minor basil oil constituents (+)-delta-cadinene, 3-carene, (X-humulene, citral, and (-)-trans-caryophyllene had antileishmanial activity, whereas other constituents were ineffective. None of the oil was cytotoxic to mammalian cells. C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tekwani, Babu; Khan, Shabana I.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 29 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1021/jf0725629 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 252GK UT WOS:000252434800014 PM 18095647 ER PT J AU Mahmoud, AA Sukumar, S Krishnan, HB AF Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Sukumar, S. Krishnan, Hari B. TI Interspecific rice hybrid of Oryza sativa x Oryza nivara reveals a significant increase in seed protein content SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amino acid; interspecific hybrid; IR 64; Oryza nivara; prolamin; storage protein ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ADVANCED BACKCROSS POPULATION; GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS; YIELD COMPONENTS; RUFIPOGON; WILD; IDENTIFICATION; GLABERRIMA; ACTIVATION; METHIONINE AB Wild species offer a potential reservoir of genetic variation for crop improvement. Besides the valuable genes for disease resistance that the wild species have provided for rice improvement, recent studies have shown that these wild species could also provide favorable alleles for the improvement of yield and yield-related traits. The present study reports yet another potential of wild relatives of rice, which involves the improvement of seed protein content. A significant increase in seed protein content was observed in an interspecific hybrid between Oryza sativa ssp. Indica and the wild species Oryza nivara. The hybrid showed a protein content of 12.4%, which was 28 and 18.2% higher than those of the parents O. nivara and IR 64, respectively. The increase in protein content was dependent on the genetic background of the rice variety used in the hybridization. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of seed storage proteins demonstrated that a significant increase in prolamins and glutelins was mainly responsible for the elevated protein content of the hybrid. Amino acid analysis of seed proteins revealed that the hybrid had net gains of 19.5% in lysine and 19.4% in threonine over the 0. nivara parent on a seed dry weight basis. Molecular analysis indicated that the increase in protein content of the hybrid was not a result of chromosomal rearrangements or transposable element activation, at least in the chromosomal regions containing seed storage protein genes. A preliminary genetic analysis of the F-2 segregating population showed that the inheritance of the increased protein content was polygenic in nature. The development of this interspecific hybrid offers a great potential for selecting new rice cultivars that combine the high yield and superior cooking quality of IR 64 with improved seed protein content. C1 [Mahmoud, Ahmed A.; Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Sukumar, S.] Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Ctr Plant Mol Biol, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Div, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1021/jf071776n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 252GK UT WOS:000252434800027 PM 18163552 ER PT J AU Lozier, JD Foottit, RG Miller, GL Mills, NJ Roderick, GK AF Lozier, Jeffrey D. Foottit, Robert G. Miller, Gary L. Mills, Nicholas J. Roderick, George K. TI Molecular and morphological evaluation of the aphid genus Hyalopterus Koch (Insecta : Hemiptera : Aphididae), with a description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE molecular; morphology; evaluation; Hyalopterus ID ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PLUM POX VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; NUCLEAR; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; PRUNI; SYSTEMATICS; DIVERSITY AB Aphids in the genus Hyalopterus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are pests of stone fruit trees in the genus Prunus globally, causing damage directly through feeding as well as transmission of plant viruses. Despite their status as cosmopolitan pests, the genus is poorly understood, with current taxonomy recognizing two, likely paraphyletic, species: Hyalopterus pruni (Koch) and Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard). Here we present a systematic study of Hyalopterus using a molecular phylogeny derived from mitochondrial, endosymbiont, and nuclear DNA sequences (1,320 bp) and analysis of 16 morphometric characters. The data provides strong evidence for three species within Hyalopterus, which confirms previous analyses of host plant usage patterns and suggests the need for revision of this genus. We describe a new species H. persikonus Miller, Lozier & Foottit n. sp., and present diagnostic identification keys for the genus. C1 [Lozier, Jeffrey D.; Mills, Nicholas J.; Roderick, George K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Foottit, Robert G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Miller, Gary L.] USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lozier, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 58 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 23 PY 2008 IS 1688 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 254ID UT WOS:000252579400001 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Zhong, GH Findley, SD Cregan, P Stacey, G Nguyen, HT AF Wu, Xiaolei Zhong, Guohua Findley, Seth D. Cregan, Perry Stacey, Gary Nguyen, Henry T. TI Genetic marker anchoring by six-dimensional pools for development of a soybean physical map SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BAC LIBRARY; OVERGO HYBRIDIZATION; GENOME DUPLICATION; GLYCINE-MAX; PCR; LINKAGE; CONSTRUCTION; INTEGRATION; SEQUENCES; STRATEGY AB Background: Integrated genetic and physical maps are extremely valuable for genomic studies and as important references for assembling whole genome shotgun sequences. Screening of a BAC library using molecular markers is an indispensable procedure for integration of both physical and genetic maps of a genome. Molecular markers provide anchor points for integration of genetic and physical maps and also validate BAC contigs assembled based solely on BAC fingerprints. We employed a six-dimensional BAC pooling strategy and an in silico approach to anchor molecular markers onto the soybean physical map. Results: A total of 1,470 markers (580 SSRs and 890 STSs) were anchored by PCR on a subset of a Williams 82 BstY I BAC library pooled into 208 pools in six dimensions. This resulted in 7,463 clones (similar to 1 x genome equivalent) associated with 1470 markers, of which the majority of clones (6,157, 82.5%) were anchored by one marker and 1106 (17.5%) individual clones contained two or more markers. This contributed to 1184 contigs having anchor points through this 6-D pool screening effort. In parallel, the 21,700 soybean Unigene set from NCBI was used to perform in silico mapping on 80,700 Williams 82 BAC end sequences (BES). This in silico analysis yielded 9,835 positive results anchored by 4152 unigenes that contributed to 1305 contigs and 1624 singletons. Among the 1305 contigs, 305 have not been previously anchored by PCR. Therefore, 1489 (78.8%) of 1893 contigs are anchored with molecular markers. These results are being integrated with BAC fingerprints to assemble the BAC contigs. Ultimately, these efforts will lead to an integrated physical and genetic map resource. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the six-dimensional soybean BAC pools can be efficiently used to anchor markers to soybean BACs despite the complexity of the soybean genome. In addition to anchoring markers, the 6-D pooling method was also effective for targeting BAC clones for investigating gene families and duplicated regions in the genome, as well as for extending physical map contigs. C1 [Wu, Xiaolei; Zhong, Guohua; Findley, Seth D.; Stacey, Gary; Nguyen, Henry T.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wu, Xiaolei; Zhong, Guohua; Findley, Seth D.; Stacey, Gary; Nguyen, Henry T.] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cregan, Perry] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wuxia@missouri.edu; zhongg@missouri.edu; Sethdfindleyphd@gmail.com; Perry.Cregan@ars.usda.gov; staceyg@missouri.edu; nguyenhenry@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 22 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-28 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 274FM UT WOS:000253987200001 PM 18211698 ER PT J AU Sarazin, P Li, G Orts, WJ Favis, BD AF Sarazin, Pierre Li, Gang Orts, William J. Favis, Basil D. TI Binary and ternary blends of polylactide, polycaprolactone and thermoplastic starch SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE thermoplastic starch; polylactide; polycaprolactone ID BIODEGRADABLE MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS; GLASS-TRANSITION; WHEAT-STARCH; POLYMER BLENDS; GLYCEROL; GRANULE; WATER; PLASTICIZATION; GELATINIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB In this study binary and ternary blends of polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) are prepared using a one-step extrusion process and the morphology, rheology and physical properties are examined. The morphology and quantitative image analysis of the 50/50 PLA/TPS blend transverse phase size demonstrate a bimodal distribution and the addition of PCL to form a ternary blend results in a substantial number of fine dispersed particles present in the system. Focused ion beam irradiation, followed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that dispersed PCL forms particles with a size of 370 nm in PLA. The TPS phase in the ternary blends shows some low level coalescence after a subsequent shaping operation. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that the temperature of the tan 6 peak for the PLA is independent of TPS blend composition and that the addition of PCL in the ternary blend has little influence on the blend transitions. Both the a and 0 transitions for the thermoplastic starch are highly sensitive to glycerol content. When TPS of high glycerol content is blended with PLA, an increase in the ductility of the samples is achieved and this effect increases with increasing volume fraction of TPS. The ternary blend results in an even greater ductility with an elongation at break of 55% as compared to 5% for the pure PLA. A substantial increase in the notched Izod impact energy is also observed with some blends demonstrating three times the impact energy of pure PLA. The mechanical properties for the ternary blend clearly indicate a synergistic effect that exceeds the results obtained for any of the binary pairs. Overall, the ternary blend approach with PLA/TPS/PCL is an interesting technique to expand the property range of PLA materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarazin, Pierre; Li, Gang; Favis, Basil D.] Ecole Polytech, Dept Chem Engn, CREPEC, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Orts, William J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Favis, BD (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Dept Chem Engn, CREPEC, PO Box 6079, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. EM basil.favis@polymtl.ca NR 26 TC 163 Z9 175 U1 8 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.029 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 264DW UT WOS:000253266900028 ER PT J AU Abdul-Careem, MF Hunter, BD Sarson, AJ Parvizi, P Haghighi, HR Read, L Heidari, M Sharif, S AF Abdul-Careem, M. F. Hunter, B. D. Sarson, A. J. Parvizi, P. Haghighi, H. R. Read, L. Heidari, M. Sharif, S. TI Host responses are induced in feathers of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; feather follicle; Marek's disease virus; immunity; cytokine; major histocompatibility complex ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; REAL-TIME PCR; FOLLICLE EPITHELIUM; PULP LESIONS; CHRONOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; FIELD CHICKENS; CLASS-I; HERPESVIRUS; RESISTANCE AB Control measures are ineffective in curtailing Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection and replication in the feather follicle epithelium (FFE). Therefore, vaccinated birds which subsequently become infected with MDV, shed the virulent virus although they remain protected against disease. The present study investigated host responses generated against MDV infection in the feather. We observed that in parallel with an increase in viral genome load and viral replication in the feather, there was a gradual but progressive increase in infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens, starting on day 4 and peaking by day 10 post-infection. Concomitant with infiltration of T cells, the expression of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma and major histocompatibility complex class I genes was significantly enhanced in the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens. The finding that host responses are generated in the feather may be exploited for developing strategies to control MDV infection in the FFE, thus preventing horizontal virus transmission. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdul-Careem, M. F.; Hunter, B. D.; Sarson, A. J.; Parvizi, P.; Haghighi, H. R.; Read, L.; Sharif, S.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Heidari, M.] USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, Agr Res Serv, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Sharif, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM shayan@uoguelph.ca NR 44 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 370 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.013 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 242BF UT WOS:000251698800011 PM 17949771 ER PT J AU Agam, N Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Li, FQ Colaizzi, PD AF Agam, Nurit Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Li, Fuqin Colaizzi, Paul D. TI Utility of thermal image sharpening for monitoring field-scale evapotranspiration over rainfed and irrigated agricultural regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY FLUXES; INDEX; SOIL; LANDSAT; COVER AB The utility of a thermal image sharpening algorithm (TsHARP) in providing fine resolution land surface temperature data to a Two-Source-Model for mapping evapotranspiration (ET) was examined over two agricultural regions in the U. S. One site is in a rainfed corn and soybean production region in central Iowa. The other lies within the Texas High Plains, an irrigated agricultural area. It is concluded that in the absence of fine (sub-field scale) resolution thermal data, TsHARP provides an important tool for monitoring ET over rainfed agricultural areas. In contrast, over irrigated regions, TsHARP applied to kilometer-resolution thermal imagery is unable to provide accurate fine resolution land surface temperature due to significant sub-pixel moisture variations that are not captured in the sharpening procedure. Consequently, reliable estimation of ET and crop stress requires thermal imagery acquired at high spatial resolution, resolving the dominant length-scales of moisture variability present within the landscape. C1 [Agam, Nurit; Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.; Li, Fuqin] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Colaizzi, Paul D.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Agam, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nurit.agam@gmail.com RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 AR L02402 DI 10.1029/2007GL032195 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 254DU UT WOS:000252567400006 ER PT J AU Black, RE Allen, LH Bhutta, ZA Caulfield, LE de Onis, M Ezzati, M Mathers, C Rivera, J AF Black, Robert E. Allen, Lindsay H. Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Caulfield, Laura E. de Onis, Mercedes Ezzati, Majid Mathers, Colin Rivera, Juan CA Maternal & Child Undernutr Study TI Maternal and child undernutrition 1 - Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; MAJOR RISK-FACTORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFANT-MORTALITY; DOUBLE-BLIND; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION AB Maternal and child undernutrition is highly prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries, resulting in substantial increases in mortality and overall disease burden. In this paper, we present new analyses to estimate the effects of the risks related to measures of undernutrition, as well as to suboptimum breastfeeding practices on mortality and disease. We estimated that stunting, severe wasting, and intrauterine growth restriction together were responsible for 2.2 million deaths and 21% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for children younger than 5 years. Deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc were estimated to be responsible for 0 . 6 million and 0 . 4 million deaths, respectively, and a combined 9 % of global childhood DALYs. Iron and iodine deficiencies resulted in few child deaths, and combined were responsible for about 0 . 2% of global childhood DALYs. Iron deficiency as a risk factor for maternal mortality added 115 000 deaths and 0.4% of global total DALYs. Suboptimum breastfeeding was estimated to be responsible for 1 . 4 million child deaths and 44 million DALYs (10% of DALYs in children younger than 5 years). In an analysis that accounted for co-exposure of these nutrition-related factors, they were together responsible for about 35% of child deaths and 11% of the total global disease burden. The high mortality and disease burden resulting from these nutrition-related factors make a compelling case for the urgent implementation of interventions to reduce their occurrence or ameliorate their consequences. C1 [Black, Robert E.; Caulfield, Laura E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. [de Onis, Mercedes; Mathers, Colin] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Ezzati, Majid] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rivera, Juan] Mexico Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Black, RE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM rblack@jhsph.edu OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 FU Medical Research Council [G0400519, G0400519(71108), MC_U147585821, U.1475.00.004.00005.01 (85821)] NR 145 TC 1554 Z9 1619 U1 36 U2 248 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 19 PY 2008 VL 371 IS 9608 BP 243 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0 PG 18 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 252UK UT WOS:000252471900028 PM 18207566 ER PT J AU Famiglietti, JS Ryu, DR Berg, AA Rodell, M Jackson, TJ AF Famiglietti, James S. Ryu, Dongryeol Berg, Aaron A. Rodell, Matthew Jackson, Thomas J. TI Field observations of soil moisture variability across scales SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SGP97 HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; SURFACE MOISTURE; WATER CONTENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; AMSR-E; TIME; SPACE; DYNAMICS; VEGETATION AB In this study, over 36,000 ground-based soil moisture measurements collected during the SGP97, SGP99, SMEX02, and SMEX03 field campaigns were analyzed to characterize the behavior of soil moisture variability across scales. The field campaigns were conducted in Oklahoma and Iowa in the central USA. The Oklahoma study region is sub-humid with moderately rolling topography, while the Iowa study region is humid with low-relief topography. The relationship of soil moisture standard deviation, skewness and the coefficient of variation versus mean moisture content was explored at six distinct extent scales, ranging from 2.5 m to 50 km. Results showed that variability generally increases with extent scale. The standard deviation increased from 0.036 cm(3)/cm(3) at the 2.5-m scale to 0.071 cm(3)/cm(3) at the 50-km scale. The log standard deviation of soil moisture increased linearly with the log extent scale, from 16 m to 1.6 km, indicative of fractal scaling. The soil moisture standard deviation versus mean moisture content exhibited a convex upward relationship at the 800-m and 50-km scales, with maximum values at mean moisture contents of roughly 0.17 cm(3)/cm(3) and 0.19 cm(3)/cm(3), respectively. An empirical model derived from the observed behavior of soil moisture variability was used to estimate uncertainty in the mean moisture content for a fixed number of samples at the 800-m and 50-km scales, as well as the number of ground-truth samples needed to achieve 0.05 cm(3)/cm(3) and 0.03 cm(3)/cm(3) accuracies. The empirical relationships can also be used to parameterize surface soil moisture variations in land surface and hydrological models across a range of scales. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the behavior of soil moisture variability over this range of extent scales using ground-based measurements. Our results will contribute not only to efficient and reliable satellite validation, but also to better utilization of remotely sensed soil moisture products for enhanced modeling and prediction. C1 [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Ryu, Dongryeol; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Rodell, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Famiglietti, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM grlonline@agu.org RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 NR 53 TC 200 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 94 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 19 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 AR W01423 DI 10.1029/2006WR005804 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 254FV UT WOS:000252572700002 ER PT J AU Garvey, GS McCormick, SP Rayment, I AF Garvey, Graeme S. McCormick, Susan P. Rayment, Ivan TI Structural and functional characterization of the TRI101 trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum - Kinetic insights to combating fusarium head blight SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXIN DEOXYNIVALENOL; VINORINE SYNTHASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; ENCODES; PROTEIN; BAHD; ACETYLTRANSFERASE AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a plant disease with serious economic and health impacts. It is caused by fungal species belonging to the genus Fusarium and the mycotoxins they produce. Although it has proved difficult to combat this disease, one strategy that has been examined is the introduction of an indigenous fungal protective gene into cereals such as wheat barley and rice. Thus far the gene of choice has been tri101 whose gene product catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to the C3 hydroxyl moiety of several trichothecene mycotoxins. In vitro this has been shown to reduce the toxicity of the toxins by similar to 100-fold but has demonstrated limited resistance to FHB in transgenic cereal. To understand the molecular basis for the differences between in vitro and in vivo resistance the three-dimensional structures and kinetic properties of two TRI101 orthologs isolated from Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum have been determined. The kinetic results reveal important differences in activity of these enzymes toward B-type trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol. These differences in activity can be explained in part by the three-dimensional structures for the ternary complexes for both of these enzymes with coenzyme A and trichothecene mycotoxins. The structural and kinetic results together emphasize that the choice of an enzymatic resistance gene in transgenic crop protection strategies must take into account the kinetic profile of the selected protein. C1 [Garvey, Graeme S.; Rayment, Ivan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McCormick, Susan P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rayment, I (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ivan_rayment@biochem.wisc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 35186] NR 40 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 3 BP 1660 EP 1669 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 250EL UT WOS:000252282700053 PM 17923480 ER PT J AU Sim, L Quezada-Calvillo, R Sterchi, EE Nichois, BL Rose, DR AF Sim, Lyann Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Sterchi, Erwin E. Nichois, Buford L. Rose, David R. TI Human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase: Crystal structure of the N-terminal catalytic subunit and basis of inhibition and substrate specificity SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maltase-glucoamylase; sucrase-isomaltase; glycosyl hydrolase family 31; crystal structure; acarbose ID MEDICINE SALACIA-RETICULATA; SULFONIUM SULFATE STRUCTURE; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-HYDROLYSIS; GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; GLYCOSIDASE; ANALOGS; DIGESTION; PROTEINS AB Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion. MGAM is anchored to the small-intestinal brush-border epithelial cells and contains two homologous glycosyl hydrolase family 31 catalytic subunits: an N-terminal subunit (NtMGAM) found near the membrane-bound end and a C-terminal luminal subunit (CtMGAM). In this study, we report the crystal structure of the human NtMGAM subunit in its apo form (to 2.0 angstrom) and in complex with acarbose (to 1.9 angstrom). Structural analysis of the NtMGAM-acarbose complex reveals that acarbose is bound to the NtMGAM active site primarily through side-chain interactions with its acarvosine unit, and almost no interactions are made with its glycone rings. These observations, along with results from kinetic studies, suggest that the NtMGAM active site contains two primary sugar subsites and that NtMGAM and CtMGAM differ in their substrate specificities despite their structural relationship. Additional sequence analysis of the CtMGAM subunit suggests several features that could explain the higher affinity of the CtMGAM subunit for longer maltose oligosaccharides. The results provide a structural basis for the complementary roles of these glycosyl hydrolase family 31 subunits in the bioprocessing of complex starch structures into glucose. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sim, Lyann; Rose, David R.] Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Can Genom & Proteom, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Sim, Lyann; Rose, David R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, CIEP, Fac Ciencias Quim, San Louis Potosi 78360, Mexico. [Sterchi, Erwin E.] Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Nichois, Buford L.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nichois, Buford L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rose, DR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Can Genom & Proteom, 101 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. EM drose@uhnres.utoronto.ca FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01646] NR 28 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 375 IS 3 BP 782 EP 792 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.069 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 262BS UT WOS:000253124600017 PM 18036614 ER PT J AU Harjes, CE Rocheford, TR Bai, L Brutnell, TP Kandianis, CB Sowinski, SG Stapleton, AE Vallabhaneni, R Williams, M Wurtzel, ET Yan, JB Buckler, ES AF Harjes, Carlos E. Rocheford, Torbert R. Bai, Ling Brutnell, Thomas P. Kandianis, Catherine Bermudez Sowinski, Stephen G. Stapleton, Ann E. Vallabhaneni, Ratnakar Williams, Mark Wurtzel, Eleanore T. Yan, Jianbing Buckler, Edward S. TI Natural genetic variation in lycopene epsilon cyclase tapped for maize biofortification SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; Y1 GENE; CAROTENOIDS; FORTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; REVEALS; PLANTS AB Dietary vitamin A deficiency causes eye disease in 40 million children each year and places 140 to 250 million at risk for health disorders. Many children in sub- Saharan Africa subsist on maize- based diets. Maize displays considerable natural variation for carotenoid composition, including vitamin A precursors alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. Through association analysis, linkage mapping, expression analysis, and mutagenesis, we show that variation at the lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) locus alters flux down alpha-carotene versus beta-carotene branches of the carotenoid pathway. Four natural lcyE polymorphisms explained 58% of the variation in these two branches and a threefold difference in provitamin A compounds. Selection of favorable lcyE alleles with inexpensive molecular markers will now enable developing- country breeders to more effectively produce maize grain with higher provitamin A levels. C1 [Rocheford, Torbert R.; Kandianis, Catherine Bermudez] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Harjes, Carlos E.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bai, Ling; Brutnell, Thomas P.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sowinski, Stephen G.; Williams, Mark] DuPont Crop Genet Res, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Stapleton, Ann E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Vallabhaneni, Ratnakar; Wurtzel, Eleanore T.] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Vallabhaneni, Ratnakar; Wurtzel, Eleanore T.] CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Yan, Jianbing] CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rocheford, TR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM trochefo@uiuc.edu; esb33@cornell.edu RI Brutnell, Thomas/M-2840-2013; OI Brutnell, Thomas/0000-0002-3581-8211; Stapleton, Ann/0000-0001-7242-2673; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU NCI NIH HHS [SC1 GM081160-01, SC1 GM081160-02]; NIGMS NIH HHS [SC1 GM081160, S06-GM08225, SC1 GM081160-01, SC1 GM081160-02] NR 27 TC 313 Z9 348 U1 14 U2 69 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5861 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1126/science.1150255 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 252GY UT WOS:000252436200038 PM 18202289 ER PT J AU Youn, HS Lee, JK Choi, YJ Saitoh, SI Miyake, K Hwang, DH Lee, JY AF Youn, Hyung S. Lee, Jun K. Choi, Yong J. Saitoh, Shin I. Miyake, Kensuke Hwang, Daniel H. Lee, Joo Y. TI Cinnamaldehyde suppresses toll-like receptor 4 activation mediated through the inhibition of receptor oligomerization SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cinnamaldehyde; toll-like receptor; oligomerization; MyD88; TRIF; inflammation ID NF-KAPPA-B; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPID RAFTS; CELLS; RECOGNITION; TLR4; TRIF; MODULATION AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in induction of innate immune and inflammatory responses by recognizing invading pathogens or non-microbial endogenous molecules. TLRs have two major downstream signaling pathways, MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways leading to the activation of NF kappa B and IRF3 and the expression of inflammatory mediators. Deregulation of TLR activation is known to be closely linked to the increased risk of many chronic diseases. Cinnamaldehyde (3-phenyl-2-propenal) has been reported to inhibit NF kappa B activation induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism has not been clearly identified. Our results showed that cinnamaldehyde suppressed the activation of NF kappa B and IRF3 induced by LPS, a TLR4 agonist, leading to the decreased expression of target genes such as COX-2 and IFN beta in macrophages (RAW264.7). Cinnamaldehyde did not inhibit the activation of NF kappa B or IRF3 induced by MyD88-dependent (MyD88, IKKP) or TRIF-dependent (TRIF, TBK1) downstream signaling components. However, oligomerization of TLR4 induced by LPS was suppressed by cinnamaldehyde resulting in the downregulation. of NF kappa B activation. Further, cinnamaldehyde inhibited ligand-independent NF kappa B activation induced by constitutively active TLR4 or wild-type TLR4. Our results demonstrated that the molecular target of cinnamaldehyde in TLR4 signaling is oligomerization process of receptor, but not downstream signaling molecules suggesting a novel mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamaldehyde. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jun K.; Choi, Yong J.; Lee, Joo Y.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Lee, Jun K.; Choi, Yong J.; Lee, Joo Y.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Biomol Nanotechnol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Youn, Hyung S.] Soonchunhyang Univ, Coll Med Sci, Dept Biomed Lab Sci, Chungnam 336745, South Korea. [Saitoh, Shin I.; Miyake, Kensuke] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Div Infect Genet, Tokyo, Japan. [Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM joolee@gist.ac.kr NR 42 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.033 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 258BB UT WOS:000252842300016 PM 17920563 ER PT J AU McDonald, JA Gao, S Qin, RJ Trout, TJ Hanson, BD AF McDonald, Jason A. Gao, Suduan Qin, Ruijun Trout, Thomas J. Hanson, Bradley D. TI Thiosulfate and manure amendment with water application and tarp on 1,3-dichloropropene emission reductions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHYL-BROMIDE; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; FERTILIZER; FUMIGANTS AB Reducing fumigant emissions is required for minimizing bystander risk and environmental impact. Effective and economic field management methods including commonly used surface sealing technique and soil amendments are needed for achieving emission reductions. This research determined the effectiveness of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and composted manure amendments to surface soil in combination with water application or high density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp on reducing emissions of 1,3-D from soil columns. Surface treatments included an untreated control, water seal (single water application at time of fumigant injection), ATS amendments at 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratio of ATS:fumigant, composted steer manure at 3.5 kg m(-2), and HDPE tarp over 1:1 ATS or the manure amendment. Cumulative 1,3-D emission loss over two weeks was greatest for the control (52% of applied). The HDPE tarp over ATS and manure treatments had the lowest 1,3-D emissions at 24 and 16%, respectively. Treatments with ATS or manure alone reduced 1,3-D emissions (29-39%) more effectively than water seal (43%) and further benefit was gained with the addition of HDPE tarp. Amendment of surface soil with organic materials shows greater potential in minimizing fumigant emissions than with chemicals with the need for a better understanding of the organic-fumigant reaction mechanism. C1 [McDonald, Jason A.; Gao, Suduan; Qin, Ruijun; Hanson, Bradley D.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.1021/es071133o PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700016 PM 18284137 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Bradford, SA AF Zheng, Wei Yates, Scott R. Bradford, Scott A. TI Analysis of steroid hormones in a typical dairy waste disposal system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; LAGOON SAMPLES; POULTRY LITTER; RIVER WATER; ESTROGENS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; ENVIRONMENT; IONIZATION AB The environmental loading of steroid hormones contained in dairy wastes may cause an adverse effect on aquatic species. To better assess the potential risks of hormone contamination resulting from land application of dairy wastes, various steroid hormones were determined in a typical dairy waste disposal system. Quantitative methods using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were developed to monitor low levels of steroid hormones in complex solid and liquid samples contaminated with dairy manure. The preparation method for wastewater analysis consisted of solid-phase extraction and purification steps, which minimized interference from the sample matrices and achieved low detection limits for the studied hormones. In the dairy wastewater and lagoon water, three endogenous hormones-17 alpha-estradiol, 17 alpha-estradiol, and estrone-were detected. The concentration of 17 alpha-estradiol in fresh milk parlor effluent rapidly decreased along the wastewater disposal route, whereas the concentration of estrone increased along this same pathway. This suggests that 17a-estradiol was readily oxidized to the metabolite estrone. Levels of total steroid hormones in the sequencing lagoon water were approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than those in the fresh dairy wastewaters, indicating significant removal of these hormones during the transport of dairy wastewater from source to field. In solid dairy waste samples, four steroid hormones were identified and quantified. Increasing the piling time of solid wastes and increasing the residence time of wastewater in sequencing lagoons are suggested to be economical and efficient agriculture practices to extend the degradation time of hormone contaminants and thereby reduce the hormone load to the environment. C1 [Zheng, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zheng, Wei; Yates, Scott R.; Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, Contaminant Fate & Transport Unit, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 81 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1021/es071896b PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700037 PM 18284158 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MJ Hebertson, E Page, W Jorgensen, CA AF Jenkins, Michael J. Hebertson, Elizabeth Page, Wesley Jorgensen, C. Arik TI Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE disturbance ecology; fire behavior prediction; bark beetle ecology; fuels; bark beetle-affected fuels; forest health; forest management; forest entomology ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE HOPKINS; SPRUCE PICEA-ENGELMANNII; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON; LODGEPOLE PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; PONDEROSA PINE AB Bark beetle-caused tree mortality in conifer forests affects the quantity and quality of forest fuels and has long been assumed to increase fire hazard and potential fire behavior. In reality, bark beetles, and their effects on fuel accumulation, and subsequent fire hazard, are poorly understood. We extensively sampled fuels in three bark beetle-affected Intermountain conifer forests and compared these data to existing research on bark beetle/fuels/fire interactions within the context of the disturbance regime. Data were collected in endemic, epidemic and post-epidemic stands of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce. From these data, we evaluated the influence of bark beetle-caused tree mortality on various fuels characteristics over the course of a bark beetle rotation. The data showed that changes in fuels over time create periods where the potential for high intensity and/or severe fires increases or decreases. The net result of bark beetle epidemics was a substantial change in species composition and a highly altered fuels complex. Early in epidemics there is a net increase in the amount of fine surface fuels when compared to endemic stands. In post-epidemic stands large, dead, woody fuels, and live surface fuels dominate. We then discuss potential fire behavior in bark beetle-affected conifer fuels based on actual and simulated fuels data. Results indicated that for surface fires both rates of fire spread and fireline intensities were higher in the current epidemic stands than in the endemic stands. Rates of spread and fireline intensities were higher in epidemic stands due, however, to decreased vegetative sheltering and its effect on mid-flame wind speed, rather than changes in fuels. Passive crown fires were more likely in post-epidemic stands, but active crown fires were less likely due to decreased aerial fuel continuity. We also discuss the ecological effects of extreme fire behavior. Information is presented on managing forests to reduce the impact of bark beetle outbreaks and the interplay between management, bark beetle populations, fuels and fire hazard and behavior. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, Michael J.; Jorgensen, C. Arik] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hebertson, Elizabeth] USDA, US Forest Serv, Ogden Field Off, Logan, UT 84403 USA. [Page, Wesley] USDA, US Forest Serv, Willows, CA USA. RP Jenkins, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mjenkins@cc.usu.edu NR 192 TC 151 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 1 BP 16 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.045 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254SU UT WOS:000252609100002 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT Kyker-Snowman, TD AF Brooks, Robert T. Kyker-Snowman, Thomas D. TI Forest floor temperature and relative humidity following timber harvesting in southern New England, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest floor; forest harvest; microclimate; relative humidity; temperature ID PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; REDBACK SALAMANDERS; HABITAT SELECTION; CANOPY CLOSURE; OAK FOREST; AMPHIBIANS AB Forest amphibians, especially salamanders, prefer forests with shaded, cool, and moist forest floors. Timber harvesting opens the forest canopy and exposes the forest floor to direct sunlight, which can increase forest floor temperatures and reduce soil moisture. These microclimatic changes can potentially degrade the harvested stand for amphibian habitat or affect other biotic resources or ecological processes at the forest floor and in the understory. The degree of forest floor disturbance is directly related to the intensity of harvesting, however, the duration of this effect is unknown. We conducted a study of forest floor temperature and relative humidity over a 12-year chronosequence (1993-2004) of timber harvests. We compared simultaneous, paired measurements of temperature and relative humidity at three positions (soil, forest floor, air) in harvested and control sites over three seasonal survey sessions. Vegetation composition and structure were measured at each survey location. Ambient weather conditions were recorded at three open-field locations across the study area. We recorded over 23,000 paired measures of temperature and relative humidity at all 12 harvested and control sites during each survey session. While we found significant effects of time-since-harvesting on differences in temperature between harvested and uncut sites, the average differences were generally small (<1 degrees C). We observed no temporal pattern in temperatures with time-since-harvest in the harvested sites compared to uncut conditions. Time-since-harvest had no effect on differences in relative humidity between cut and uncut sites. The variation in forest floor microclimate among sites was large, likely due to small-scale differences in cutting intensity (retained canopy), understory vegetation growth, and microtopography or aspect. We conclude that timber harvesting, within the range of intensities assessed in this study, would have only minimal and short-term effects on forest floor microclimate. We suggest that the small differences we observed in forest floor temperatures and moisture between cut and uncut forest parcels would likely have minor effects on climatic aspects of forest amphibian habitat, and on climatic influences on other forest floor biota and ecological processes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brooks, Robert T.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Kyker-Snowman, Thomas D.] Off Watershed Management, Div Water Supply Protect, Dept Conservat & Recreat, Belchertown, MA 01007 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM rtbrooks@fs.fed.us RI Brooks, Robert/E-9955-2011 NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.028 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254SU UT WOS:000252609100006 ER PT J AU Pederson, N Varner, JM Palik, BJ AF Pederson, Neil Varner, J. Morgan, III Palik, Brian J. TI Canopy disturbance and tree recruitment over two centuries in a managed longleaf pine landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance history; dendrochronology; tree mortality; natural regeneration; Pinus palustris; climate ID FOREST; GROWTH; PALUSTRIS; MORTALITY; ECOSYSTEM; MOUNTAIN; SAVANNAS; DROUGHT; HISTORY; FLORIDA AB Disturbance history was reconstructed across an 11300 ha managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) landscape in southwestem Georgia, USA. Our specific objectives were to: (i) determine forest age structure; (ii) reconstruct disturbance history through the relationship between canopy disturbance, tree recruitment and growth; and (iii) explore the relationship between canopy disturbance and climate. Age structure, canopy disturbance events and initial growth patterns at coring height were examined by randomly sampling 1260 trees in 70 1.3 ha plots. Principal component analysis was used to group plots with similar age structures to gain insight into the dynamics between canopy disturbance and recruitment. Disturbance events were detected by large and rapid increases in radial growth. We tested the following hypothesis to investigate whether these growth increases could have been triggered by improved climatic conditions: precipitation and drought are positively correlated to radial growth releases. Only four stands (comprising <6% of the study area) had an even-aged structure. Further, tree recruitment prior to European settlement indicates that longleaf pine naturally recruited into areas 1.3 ha or less, supporting early-20th century observations that the primary longleaf pine forest was uneven-aged. Contrary to our hypothesis, growing season precipitation and drought was significantly and negatively correlated with canopy disturbance (radial growth releases), which indicates that a reconstruction of disturbance history could proceed with some confidence. Most trees sampled were recruited at coring height from 1910 to 1935. Of the 67 canopy disturbances detected from 1910 to 1935, the average growth release ranged from 139 to 277% per half decade suggesting the occurrence of large canopy disturbances. Rapid initial growth patterns of young trees during these years show evidence of reduced overstory competition and support the detected disturbance intensity. Our reconstruction of stand dynamics is markedly similar to independent records of local oral and written history, which gives an additional set of evidence that the disturbance detection methodology used can be useful in open-canopied forests. Stands with multiple cohorts reveal a mix of continuous minor and major canopy disturbances leading to continual tree recruitment, suggesting their applicability as models for long-term forest management. The significant relationship between climate and disturbance in our data suggests that with the expected warming over the next 100 years, climatic impacts on stand dynamics should be incorporated into long-term longleaf pine forest restoration and management. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pederson, Neil] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Varner, J. Morgan, III] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Pederson, N (reprint author), Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 235 Moore,521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. EM neil.pederson@eku.edu; jmvarner@humboldt.edu; bpalik@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.030 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254SU UT WOS:000252609100008 ER PT J AU Laird, DA Chappell, MA Martens, DA Wershaw, RL Thompson, M AF Laird, David A. Chappell, Mark A. Martens, Dean A. Wershaw, Robert L. Thompson, Michael TI Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE humic substances; soil organic matter; charcoal; black carbon; humification; thermogravimetric analysis; NMR spectroscopy; clay mineralogy; clay-humic complexes ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOLID-STATE C-13; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUESTRATION; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; RESIDUES AB Most models of soil humic substances include a substantial component of aromatic C either as the backbone of humic heteropolymers or as a significant component of supramolecular aggregates of degraded biopolymers. We physically separated coarse (0.2-2.0 mu m e.s.d.), medium (0.02-0.2 mu m e.s.d.), and fine (>0.02 mu m e.s.d.) clay subfractions from three Midwestern soils and characterized the organic material associated with these subfiractions using C-13-CPMAS-NMR, DTG, SEM-EDX, incubations, and radiocarbon age. Most of the C in the coarse clay subtraction was present as discrete particles (0.2-5 mu m as seen in SEM images) of black carbon (BC) and consisted of approximately 60% aromatic C, with the remainder being a mixture of aliphatic, anomeric and carboxylic C. We hypothesize that BC particles were originally charcoal formed during prairie fires. As the BC particles aged in soil their surfaces were oxidized to form carboxylic groups and anomeric and aliphatic C accumulated in the BC particles either by adsorption of dissolved biogenic compounds from the soil solution or by direct deposition of biogenic materials from microbes living within the BC particles. The biogenic soil organic matter was physically separated with the medium and fine clay subtractions and was dominated by aliphatic, anomeric, and carboxylic C. The results indicate that the biogenic humic materials in our soils have little aromatic C, which is inconsistent with the traditional heteropolymer model of humic substances. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laird, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chappell, Mark A.; Thompson, Michael] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 254KT UT WOS:000252586200011 ER PT J AU Wohl, E Merritt, DM AF Wohl, Ellen Merritt, David M. TI Reach-scale channel geometry of mountain streams SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIFFLE-POOL SEQUENCES; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; ALLUVIAL CHANNEL; FLOW RESISTANCE; BED STREAMS; MORPHOLOGY; RIVERS; GRADIENT; ENERGY; MODEL AB The basic patterns and processes of steep channels remain poorly known relative to lower-gradient channels. In this analysis, characteristics of step-pool, plane-bed, and pool-riffle channels are examined using a data set of 335 channel reaches from the western United States, Nepal, New Zealand, and Panama. We analyzed differences among the three channel types with respect to hydraulics, channel geometry, boundary roughness, and bedforms. Step-pool channels have significantly steeper gradients, coarser substrate, higher values of shear stress and stream power for a given discharge, and larger ratios of bedform amplitude/wavelength (H/L). Pool-riffle channels have greater width/depth ratios and relative grain submergence (R/D(84)) than the other channel types. Plane-bed channels tend to have intermediate values for most variables examined. Relative form submergence (R/H) is statistically similar for step-pool and pool-riffle channels. Despite the lesser relative grain submergence and greater bedform amplitude of step-pool channels, mean values of Darcy-Weisbach friction factor do not change in response to changes in relative grain submergence. These patterns suggest that adjustments along mountain streams effectively maximize resistance to flow and minimize downstream variability in resistance among the different channel types. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Watershed Fisheries & Wildlife Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wohl, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu; dmmerritt@fs.fed.us NR 82 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 168 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.014 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 301MG UT WOS:000255899700002 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Pierson, FB Brown, RK Wagenbrenner, JW AF Robichaud, Peter R. Pierson, Frederick B. Brown, Robert K. Wagenbrenner, Joseph W. TI Measuring effectiveness of three postfire hillslope erosion barrier treatments, western Montana, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE erosion mitigation; silt fence; contour-felled log; straw wattles; contour trenches; rainfall simulation ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE/; WATER REPELLENCY; SOIL HYDROPHOBICITY; SEDIMENT YIELD; FIRE; RUNOFF; FOREST; WILDFIRE; INFILTRATION; WETTABILITY AB After the Valley Complex Fire burned 86 000 ha in western Montana in 2000, two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of contour-felled log, straw wattle, and hand-dug contour trench erosion barriers in mitigating postfire runoff and erosion. Sixteen plots were located across a steep, severely burned slope, with a single barrier installed in 12 plots (four per treatment) and four plots left untreated as controls. In a rainfall-plus-inflow simulation, 26 mm h(-1) rainfall was applied to each plot for I h and 48 L min(-1) of overland flow was added for the last 15 min. Total runoff from the contour-felled log (0.58 mm) and straw wattle (0.40 mm) plots was significantly less than from the control plots (2.0 mm), but the contour trench plots (1.3 mm) showed no difference. The total sediment yield from the straw wattle plots (0.21 Mg ha(-1)) was significantly less than the control plots (2.2 Mg ha(-1)); the sediment yields in the contour-felled log plots (0.58 Mg ha(-1)) and the contour trench plots (2.5 Mg ha(-1)) were not significantly different. After the simulations, sediment fences were installed to trap sediment eroded by natural rainfall. During the subsequent 3 years, sediment yields from individual events increased significantly with increasing 10 min maximum intensity and rainfall amounts. High-intensity rainfall occurred early in the study and the erosion barriers were filled with sediment. There were no significant differences in event or annual sediment yields among treated and control plots. In 2001, the overall mean annual sediment yield was 21 Mg ha(-1); this value declined significantly to 0.6 Mg ha(-1) in 2002 and 0.2 Mg ha(-1) in 2003. The erosion barrier sediment storage used was less than the total available storage capacity; runoff and sediment were observed going over the top and around the ends of the barriers even when the barriers were less than half filled. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Robichaud, Peter R.; Brown, Robert K.; Wagenbrenner, Joseph W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pierson, Frederick B.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us RI Wagenbrenner, Joseph/A-6404-2014 NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1002/hyp.6558 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 259LE UT WOS:000252940000001 ER PT J AU Duarte, PC Morley, PS Traub-Dargatz, JL Creekmore, LH AF Duarte, Paulo C. Morley, Paul S. Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. Creekmore, Lynn H. TI Factors associated with vesicular stornatitis in animals in the western United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE; SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; VIRUS NEW-JERSEY; STOMATITIS-VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION; COLORADO; CATTLE; RISK; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAK AB Objective-To identify factors associated with development of vesicular stomatitis (VS). Design-Case-control study. Sample Population-138 livestock premises and 118 horses suspected of having VS in Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. Procedures-Premises with >= 1 animal with clinical signs and laboratory confirmation of infection were classified as case premises. Premises where laboratory confirmation results were negative were control premises. Among equine premises, case and control horses were selected on the basis of premises status. A survey was conducted to identify factors associated with VS for premises and specific horses. Results-Control of insect populations in the 2 weeks before the S investigation decreased the odds of disease for premises where vegetation coverage was grassland or pasture (odds ratio [OR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.7). Odds of VS for premises covered with grassland or pasture increased when measures to control insect populations were not used (OR, 11; 95% Cl, 0.8 to 156.3) and for premises that had a body of water (OR, 2.3; 95% Cl, 1.0 to 5.6). Use of measures to prevent insect bites or harassment by insects (OR, 0.2; 95% Cl, 0.1 to 0.8) and spending time in shelters (OR, 0.4; 95% Cl, 0.2 to 1.1) in the 2 weeks prior to investigation decreased the odds of being a case horse. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Insect control and spending time in shelters decreased the odds for infection with VS. Premises covered with grassland or pasture or that had a body of water were at a higher risk. C1 [Duarte, Paulo C.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Creekmore, Lynn H.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Western Reg Office, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Duarte, Paulo C.; Morley, Paul S.; Traub-Dargatz, Josie L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Duarte, PC (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, POB 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.2460/javma.232.2.249 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 250UB UT WOS:000252325300017 PM 18275393 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA Finkenstadt, VL Palmquist, DE AF Mohamed, Abdellatif A. Finkenstadt, V. L. Palmquist, D. E. TI Thermal properties of extruded/injection-molded poly(lactic acid) and biobased composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ageing; biodegradable; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); thermal properties; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE BLENDS; NATURAL FIBERS; POLYMERS; STARCH; DSC AB To determine the degree of compatibility between poly(lactic acid) and different biomaterials (fibers), poly(lactic acid) was compounded with sugar beet pulp and apple fibers. The fibers were added in 85 : 15 and 70 : 30 poly(lactic acid)/fiber ratios. The composites were blended by extrusion followed by injection molding. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze the extruded and extruded/injection-molded composites. After melting in sealed differential scanning calorimetry pans, the composites were cooled through immersion in liquid nitrogen and aged (stored) at room temperature for 0, 7, 15, and 30 days. After storage, the samples were heated from 25 to 180 degrees C at 10 degrees C/min. The neat poly(lactic acid) showed a glass-transition transition at 59 degrees C with a change in heat capacity (Delta C-p) value of 0.464. The glass transition was followed by crystallization and melting transitions. The enthalpic relaxation of the poly(lactic acid) and composites steadily increased as a function of the storage time. Although the presence of fibers had little effect on the enthalpic relaxation, injection molding reduced the enthalpic relaxation. The crystallinity percentage of the unprocessed neat poly(lactic acid) dropped by 95% after extrusion and by 80% for the extruded/injection-molded composites. The degradation was performed in air and nitrogen environments. The degradation activation energy of neat poly(lactic acid) exhibited a significant drop in the nitrogen environment, although it increased in air. This meant that the poly(lactic acid) was more resistant to degradation in the presence of oxygen. Overall, injection molding appeared to reduce the activation energy for all the composites. Sugar beet pulp significantly reduced the activation energy in a nitrogen environment. In an air environment, both sugar beet pulp and apple fibers increased the activation energy. The enzymatic degradation of the composites showed a higher degradation rate for the extruded samples versus the extruded/injection-molded composites, whereas the apple composites exhibited higher weight loss. The thermogravimetric analysis data showed that the degradation of unprocessed and extruded neat poly(lactic acid) followed a one-step mechanism, whereas extruded /injection-molded composites showed two-step degradation. A higher fiber content resulted in up to three-step degradation mechanisms. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 2 BP 898 EP 908 DI 10.1002/app.26496 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 229RR UT WOS:000250822400026 ER PT J AU Schmer, MR Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Perrin, RK AF Schmer, M. R. Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. Perrin, R. K. TI Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE agriculture; bioenergy; biomass; biomass energy; greenhouse gas ID UNITED-STATES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GREEN-REVOLUTION; BIOENERGY CROP; LONG-TERM; BIOMASS; YIELD; FUEL; CULTIVARS; BENEFITS AB Perennial herbaceous plants such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are being evaluated as cellulosic bioenergy crops. Two major concerns have been the net energy efficiency and economic feasibility of switchgrass and similar crops. All previous energy analyses have been based on data from research plots (< 5 m(2)) and estimated inputs. We managed switchgrass as a biomass energy crop in field trials of 3-9 ha (1 ha = 10,000 m(2)) on marginal cropland on 10 farms across a wide precipitation and temperature gradient in the midcontinental U.S. to determine net energy and economic costs based on known farm inputs and harvested yields. In this report, we summarize the agricultural energy input costs, biomass yield, estimated ethanol output, greenhouse, gas emissions, and net energy results. Annual biomass yields of established fields averaged 5.2-11.1 Mg.ha(-1) with a resulting average estimated net energy yield (NEY) of 60 GJ.ha(-1).y(-1). Switchgrass produced 540% more renewable than nonrenewable energy consumed. Switchgrass, monocultures managed for high yield produced 93% more biomass yield and an equivalent estimated NEY than previous estimates from human-made prairies that received low agricultural inputs. Estimated average greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cellulosic ethanol derived from switchgrass were 94% lower than estimated GHG from gasoline. This is a baseline study that represents the genetic material and agronomic technology available for switchgrass production in 2000 and 2001, when the fields were planted. Improved genetics and agronomics may further enhance energy sustainability and biofuel yield of switchgrass. C1 [Schmer, M. R.; Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Perrin, R. K.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Econ, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 314 Biochem Hall,POB 830737, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ken.vogel@ars.usda.gov RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 NR 43 TC 550 Z9 585 U1 18 U2 192 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 464 EP 469 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704767105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253XO UT WOS:000252551100015 PM 18180449 ER PT J AU Chopping, M Su, L Rango, A Martonchik, JV Peters, DPC Laliberte, A AF Chopping, Mark Su, Lihong Rango, Albert Martonchik, John V. Peters, Debra P. C. Laliberte, Andrea TI Remote sensing of woody shrub cover in desert grasslands using MISR with a geometric-optical canopy reflectance model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy reflectance modeling; multi-angle remote sensing; MISR; BRDF ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; DESERTIFICATION; IMAGERY; ENCROACHMENT; ATTRIBUTES; RETRIEVAL; SURFACES; CLIMATE AB A new method is described for the retrieval of fractional cover of large woody plants (shrubs) at the landscape scale using moderate resolution multi-angle remote sensing data from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and a hybrid geometric-optical (GO) canopy reflectance model. Remote sensing from space is the only feasible method for regularly mapping woody shrub cover over large areas, an important application because extensive woody shrub encroachment into former grasslands has been seen in and and semi-arid grasslands around the world during the last 150 years. The major difficulty in applying GO models in desert grasslands is the spatially dynamic nature of the combined soil and understory background reflectance: the background is important and cannot be modeled as either a Lambertian scatterer or by using a fixed bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Candidate predictors of the background BRDF at the Sun-target-MISR angular sampling configurations included the volume scattering kernel weight from a Li-Ross BRDF model; diffuse brightness (p0) from the Modified Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (MRPV) BRDF model; other Li-Ross kernel weights (isotropic, geometric); and MISR near-nadir bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs) in the blue, green, and near infra-red bands. The best method was multiple regression on the weights of a kemel-driven model and MISR nadir camera blue, green, and near infra-red bidirectional reflectance factors. The results of forward modeling BRFs for a 5.25 km(2) area in the USDA, ARS Jomada Experimental Range using the Simple Geometric Model (SGM) with this background showed good agreement with the MISR data in both shape and magnitude, with only minor spatial discrepancies. The simulations were shown to be accurate in terms of both absolute value and reflectance anisotropy over all 9 MISR views and for a wide range of canopy configurations (r(2)=0.78, RMSE=0.013, N=3969). Inversion of the SGM allowed estimation of fractional shrub cover with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.03 but a relatively weak correlation (r(2)=0.19)with the reference data (shrub cover estimated from high resolution IKONOS panchromatic imagery). The map of retrieved fractional shrub cover was an approximate spatial match to the reference map. Deviations reflect the first-order approximation of the understory BRDF in the MISR viewing plane; errors in the shrub statistics; and the 12 month lag between the two data sets. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chopping, Mark; Su, Lihong] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Rango, Albert; Peters, Debra P. C.; Laliberte, Andrea] USDA, ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Martonchik, John V.] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chopping, M (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM chopping@pegasus.montclair.edu NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.023 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254GL UT WOS:000252574300002 ER PT J AU Houborg, R Boegh, E AF Houborg, Rasmus Boegh, Eva TI Mapping leaf chlorophyll and leaf area index using inverse and forward canopy reflectance modeling and SPOT reflectance data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE leaf chlorophyll; leaf area index; SPOT; AIRS; MODIS; spectral reflectances; canopy reflectance model; inverse modeling; atmospheric correction; Markov clumping; leaf mesophyll structure; dry matter content; green reflectance; near-infrared reflectance; NDVI; image-based application; maize; barley; wheat ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; VEGETATION BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; SATELLITE DATA; WATER-CONTENT; MODIS DATA; MISR DATA; RETRIEVAL; LAI; AGRICULTURE AB Reflectance data in the green, red and near-infrared wavelength region were acquired by the SPOT high resolution visible and geometric imaging instruments for an agricultural area in Denmark (56 degrees N, 9 degrees E) for the purpose of estimating leaf chlorophyll content (C-ab) and green leaf area index (LAI). SPOT reflectance observations were atmospherically corrected using aerosol data from MODIS and profiles of air temperature, humidity and ozone from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and used as input for the inversion of a canopy reflectance model. Computationally efficient inversion schemes were developed for the retrieval of soil and land cover-specific parameters which were used to build multiple species and site dependent formulations relating the two biophysical properties of interest to vegetation indices or single spectral band reflectances. Subsequently, the family of model generated relationships, each a function of soil background and canopy characteristics, was employed for a fast pixel-wise mapping of C-ab and LAI. The biophysical parameter retrieval scheme is completely automated and image-based and solves for the soil background reflectance signal, leaf mesophyll structure, specific dry matter content, Markov clumping characteristics, C-ab and LAI without utilizing calibration measurements. Despite the high vulnerability of near-infrared reflectances (rho(nir)) to variations in background properties, an efficient correction for background influences and a strong sensitivity of rho(nir) to LAI, caused LAI-rho(nir) relationships to be very useful and preferable over LAI-NDVI relationships for LAI prediction when LAI>2. Reflectances in the green waveband (rho(green)) were chosen for producing maps of C-ab. The application of LAI-NDVI, LAI-rho(nir) and C-ab-rho(green) relationships provided reliable quantitative estimates of C-ab and LAI for agricultural crops characterized by contrasting architectures and leaf biochemical constituents with overall root mean square deviations between estimates and in-situ measurements of 0.74 for LAI and 5.0 mu g cm(-2) for C-ab. The results of this study illustrate the non-uniqueness of spectral reflectance relationships and the potential of physically-based inverse and forward canopy reflectance modeling techniques for a reasonably fast and accurate retrieval of key biophysical parameters at regional scales. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, WEST, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Boegh, Eva] Roskilde Univ Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, WEST, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rasmus.houborg@ars.usda.gov RI Houborg, Rasmus/A-2828-2009; 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011 NR 60 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 186 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.04.012 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254GL UT WOS:000252574300014 ER PT J AU Abi-Ghanern, D Waghela, SD Caldwell, DJ Danforth, HD Berghman, LR AF Abi-Ghanern, Daad Waghela, Suryakant D. Caldwell, David J. Danforth, Harry D. Berghman, Luc R. TI Phage display selection and characterization of single-chain recombinant antibodies against Eimeria tenella sporozoites SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phage display; Eimeria tenella; single-chain antibody; chicken ID ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; GENUS EIMERIA; CHICKEN; GENERATION; PARASITES; REPERTOIRE; FRAGMENTS; PROTEINS; VIRUS; CELL AB A single-chain antibody library against Eimeria tenella sporozoites was constructed by phage display. Antibody-displaying phage was selected in five panning rounds against cryopreserved E. tenella sporozoites. A 1000-fold increase in phage output and a 3000-fold enrichment were obtained after three rounds of panning, as the binding clones became the dominant population in the library. Ten clones were randomly selected from the last selection round, and their nucleotide sequences were aligned and compared to chicken germ-line sequences. Analysis of the light chain variable regions revealed possible donor pseudogenes which act as donors in gene conversion events, and contribute to the diversification of the V-L immune repertoire. Possible somatic hypermutation events, a consequence of affinity maturation, were also identified. Soluble antibody was produced in a non-suppressor E. coli strain, purified by nickel affinity chromatography, and characterized by immunoblotting. In an immunofluorescence assay, this recombinant antibody showed specific binding to E. tenella sporozoites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abi-Ghanern, Daad; Caldwell, David J.; Berghman, Luc R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Waghela, Suryakant D.; Caldwell, David J.; Berghman, Luc R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Danforth, Harry D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Berghman, LR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 2472 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM berghman@poultry.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.08.005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 257RX UT WOS:000252817300006 PM 17897723 ER PT J AU Reichle, RH Crow, WT Koster, RD Sharif, HO Mahanama, SPP AF Reichle, R. H. Crow, W. T. Koster, R. D. Sharif, H. O. Mahanama, S. P. P. TI Contribution of soil moisture retrievals to land data assimilation products SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENT; AMSR-E AB Satellite measurements (retrievals) of surface soil moisture are subject to errors and cannot provide complete space-time coverage. Data assimilation systems merge available retrievals with information from land surface models and antecedent meteorological data, information that is spatio-temporally complete but likewise uncertain. For the design of new satellite missions it is critical to understand just how uncertain retrievals can be and still be useful. Here, we present a synthetic data assimilation experiment that determines the contribution of retrievals to the skill of land assimilation products (soil moisture and evapotranspiration) as a function of retrieval and land model skill. As expected, the skill of the assimilation products increases with the skill of the model and that of the retrievals. The skill of the soil moisture assimilation products always exceeds that of the model acting alone; even retrievals of low quality contribute information to the assimilation product, particularly if model skill is modest. C1 [Reichle, R. H.; Koster, R. D.; Mahanama, S. P. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reichle, R. H.; Mahanama, S. P. P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Crow, W. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sharif, H. O.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Reichle, RH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM rolf.reichle@nasa.gov RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR L01404 DI 10.1029/2007GL031986 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 251GS UT WOS:000252361900003 ER PT J AU Huang, M Asner, GP Keller, M Berry, JA AF Huang, Maoyi Asner, Gregory P. Keller, Michael Berry, Joseph A. TI An ecosystem model for tropical forest disturbance and selective logging SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GAP-PHASE REGENERATION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; LOGGED FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON; CANOPY; GROWTH; FLUXES; SATELLITE AB [1] A new three-dimensional version of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model (CASA-3D) was developed to simulate regional carbon cycling in tropical forest ecosystems after disturbances such as logging. CASA-3D has the following new features: (1) an alternative approach for calculating absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) using new high-resolution satellite images of forest canopy gap fraction; (2) a pulse disturbance module to modify aboveground carbon pools following forest disturbance; (3) a regrowth module that simulates changes in community composition by considering gap phase regeneration; and (4) a radiative transfer module to simulate the dynamic three-dimensional light environment above the canopy and within gaps after forest disturbance. The model was calibrated with and tested against field observations from experimental logging plots in the Large-scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) project. The sensitivity of key model parameters was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations, and the uncertainties in simulated NPP and respiration associated with model parameters and meteorological variables were assessed. We found that selective logging causes changes in forest architecture and composition that result in a cascading set of impacts on the carbon cycling of rainforest ecosystems. Our model sensitivity and uncertainty analyses also highlight the paramount importance of measuring changes in canopy gap fraction from satellite data, as well as canopy light-use efficiency from ecophysiological measurements, to understand the role of forest disturbance on landscape and regional carbon cycling in tropical forests. In sum, our study suggests that CASA-3D may be suitable for regional-scale applications to assess the large-scale effects of selective logging, to provide guidance for forest management, and to understand the role of forest disturbance in regional and global climate studies. C1 [Huang, Maoyi; Asner, Gregory P.; Berry, Joseph A.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Keller, Michael] Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Keller, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mhuang@globalecology.stanford.edu RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012 OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G1 AR G01002 DI 10.1029/2007JG000438 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 251HB UT WOS:000252362800001 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Webb, SE Achor, D Kousik, CS Roberts, PD Baker, CA AF Adkins, Scott Webb, Susan E. Achor, Diann Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Roberts, Pamela D. Baker, Carlye A. TI Squash vein yellowing virus, a novel ipomovirus, isolated from squash and watermelon in Florida SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adkins, Scott] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Webb, Susan E.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Achor, Diann] Univ Florida, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC USA. [Roberts, Pamela D.] Univ Florida, Immokalee, FL USA. [Baker, Carlye A.] FDACS DPI, Gainesville, FL USA. EM SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900004 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Lee, LL AF Blackmer, Jackie. L. Lee, Linda L. TI Nutritional factors influencing whitefly development and flight behavior: The search for a suitable bioassay to test hypotheses SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blackmer, Jackie. L.; Lee, Linda L.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900010 ER PT J AU Boykin, LM McKenzie, CL Rosell, RC Bagnall, RA Shatters, RG Frohlich, DR AF Boykin, L. M. McKenzie, C. L. Rosell, R. C. Bagnall, R. A. Shatters, R. G., Jr. Frohlich, D. R. TI Out of Africa: Diversity and host plant utilization in Sub-Saharan Bemisia tabaci SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boykin, L. M.; McKenzie, C. L.; Shatters, R. G., Jr.] USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Rosell, R. C.; Bagnall, R. A.; Frohlich, D. R.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. EM lboykin@ushrl.ars.usda.gov RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900014 ER PT J AU Boykin, LM Shatters, RG Rosell, RC McKenzie, CL Bagnall, RA De Barro, P Frohlich, DR AF Boykin, L. M. Shatters, R. G., Jr. Rosell, R. C. McKenzie, C. L. Bagnall, R. A. De Barro, Paul Frohlich, D. R. TI Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI DNA sequence from global samples of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boykin, L. M.; Shatters, R. G., Jr.; McKenzie, C. L.] USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Rosell, R. C.; Bagnall, R. A.; Frohlich, D. R.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. [De Barro, Paul] CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. EM lboykin@ushrl.ars.usda.gov RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900015 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ AF Castle, Steven J. TI Fertility of Bemisia tabaci and sex ratio determination according to male availability SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Castle, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM scastle@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900020 ER PT J AU Castleand, SJ Palumbo, JC AF Castleand, S. J. Palumbo, J. C. TI Relationship of bemisia tabaci adult Mortalities and population control to imidacloprid concentrations in cantaloupes SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Castleand, S. J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Palumbo, J. C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Yuma, AZ USA. EM scastle@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900021 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Freeman, TP Buckner, JS Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, Chang-Chi Freeman, Thomas P. Buckner, James S. Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Bemisia tabaci nymphal feeding pathway in cotton SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chu, Chang-Chi; Henneberry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Freeman, Thomas P.] N Dakota State Univ, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Buckner, James S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM cchu@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900022 ER PT J AU Freeman, TP Buckner, JS Chu, CC Payne, SA Moore, JA AF Freeman, Thomas. P. Buckner, James. S. Chu, Chang-Chi Payne, Scott A. Moore, Jayma A. TI Ultrastructural characteristics of Bemisia adult and nymph feeding SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Freeman, Thomas. P.; Payne, Scott A.; Moore, Jayma A.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Buckner, James. S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chu, Chang-Chi] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM thomas.freeman@ndsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900031 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Hu, JS Martin, PAW Blackburn, MB Salvucci, ME AF Gelman, Dale B. Hu, Jing S. Martin, Phyllis A. W. Blackburn, Michael B. Salvucci, Michael E. TI Novel candidates for the development of biopesticides to control Whitefly pests SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gelman, Dale B.; Hu, Jing S.; Martin, Phyllis A. W.; Blackburn, Michael B.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900034 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Jones, WA Liu, TX AF Greenberg, S. M. Jones, W. A. Liu, T. -X. TI Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : aleyrodidae) instar preference by the parasitoids eretmocerus mundus and encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greenberg, S. M.] USDA ARS, Kika Garsa Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Liu, T. -X.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX USA. EM sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900040 ER PT J AU Hodges, GS McKenzie, CL AF Hodges, Greg S. McKenzie, Cindy L. TI Looking for Bemisia tabaci biotype Q in Florida: Results of biotype sampling from 2005-2006. SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hodges, Greg S.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. [McKenzie, Cindy L.] USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM hodgesg@doacs.state.fl.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900043 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Simmons, AM Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Simmons, Alvin M. Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. TI Life history of delphastus catalinae: A predator of bemisia tabaci SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo] USDA ARS, CMAVE, FAMU, CBC, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Simmons, Alvin M.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr.] FL PSC, Tallahassee, FL USA. EM jlegaspi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900051 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Bethke, J Boykin, L Byrne, F Chamberlin, J Gilrein, D Ludwig, S Oetting, R Osborne, L Schmale, L Shatters, RG AF McKenzie, C. L. Bethke, Jim Boykin, Laura Byrne, Frank Chamberlin, Joe Gilrein, Dan Ludwig, Scott Oetting, Ron Osborne, Lance Schmale, Lin Shatters, Robert G., Jr. TI Monitoring the U. S ornamental industries B's and Q's SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McKenzie, C. L.; Boykin, Laura; Shatters, Robert G., Jr.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Bethke, Jim; Byrne, Frank] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Chamberlin, Joe] Valent USA Corp, Snellville, GA USA. [Gilrein, Dan] Cornell Univ, Long Isl Horticulture Res & Extense Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Ludwig, Scott] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Cooperat Extens, Overton, TX USA. [Oetting, Ron] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Griffin, GA USA. [Osborne, Lance] Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Extens Ctr, Apopka, FL USA. [Schmale, Lin] Soc Amer Florist, Alexandria, VA USA. RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900059 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Sinisterra, XH Albano, JP Powell, CA Dowd, SE Shatters, RG AF McKenzie, C. L. Sinisterra, X. H. Albano, J. P. Powell, C. A. Dowd, Scot E. Shatters, R. G., Jr. TI Determining the role of ethylene biosynthesis in the development of tomato irregular ripening disorder using Microarray technology and rt-real time PCR SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McKenzie, C. L.; Sinisterra, X. H.; Albano, J. P.; Shatters, R. G., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Powell, C. A.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. EM cmckenzie@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900060 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC AF Naranjo, Steven E. Ellsworth, Peter C. TI Conservation of natural enemies through use of selective insecticides: Recent developments SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Maricopa, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900071 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE AF Naranjo, Steven E. TI Establishment and impact of exotic aphelinid parasitoids in arizona: A life table approach SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900070 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC Canas, L AF Naranjo, Steven E. Ellsworth, Peter C. Canas, Luis TI Mortality and population dynamics of bemisia tabaci within a multi-crop system SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Canas, Luis] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900072 ER PT J AU Roberts, PD Stansly, PA Adkins, S Webb, S Baker, C Bruton, B Muchovej, R Achor, D Kousik, CS Whidden, AL McAvoy, G Gilreath, P AF Roberts, P. D. Stansly, Philip A. Adkins, Scott Webb, Susan Baker, Carlye Bruton, Benny Muchovej, Rosa Achor, Diann Kousik, C. S. Whidden, Alicia L. McAvoy, Gene Gilreath, Phyllis TI Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV): A component of watermelon vine decline in south Florida SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roberts, P. D.; Muchovej, Rosa] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, SWFREC, Immokalee, FL USA. [Stansly, Philip A.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Immokalee, FL USA. [Adkins, Scott] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Webb, Susan] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baker, Carlye] Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. [Bruton, Benny] USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. [Achor, Diann] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Kousik, C. S.] USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Whidden, Alicia L.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Hillsborough Cty Extens Serv, Seffner, FL USA. [McAvoy, Gene] Univ Florida, IFAS, Hendry Cty Extens Serv, LaBelle, FL USA. [Gilreath, Phyllis] Univ Florida, IFAS, Manatee Cty Extens Serv, Palmetto, FL USA. EM pdr@ifas.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900080 ER PT J AU Rowley, DP Asiimwe, P Legg, JP Greenstone, MH AF Rowley, Daniel P. Asiimwe, Peter Legg, James P. Greenstone, Matthew H. TI Arthropod predation on bemisia tabaci on cassava in uganda: Preliminary results from molecular gut analysis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rowley, Daniel P.; Greenstone, Matthew H.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Asiimwe, Peter; Legg, James P.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Eastern & So Africa Reg Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. EM greenstm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900083 ER PT J AU Shatters, RG McKenzie, CL Boykin, LM Gazit, S Sinisterra, X Weathersbee, AA Brown, JK Czosnek, H AF Shatters, Robert G., Jr. McKenzie, C. L. Boykin, L. M. Gazit, Shirley Sinisterra, X. Weathersbee, A. A., III Brown, J. K. Czosnek, H. TI A knottin-like putative antimicrobial gene family in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B: Cloning and transcript regulation SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shatters, Robert G., Jr.; McKenzie, C. L.; Boykin, L. M.; Weathersbee, A. A., III] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Gazit, Shirley; Czosnek, H.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, Rehovot, Israel. [Sinisterra, X.] Univ Florida, IFAS, IRREC, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Brown, J. K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rshatters@ushrl.ars.usda.gov RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900088 ER PT J AU Shatters, RG Boykin, LM Bagnall, RA Rosell, RC Frohlich, DR McKenzie, CL AF Shatters, Robert G., Jr. Boykin, L. M. Bagnall, R. A. Rosell, R. C. Frohlich, D. R. McKenzie, C. L. TI Population genetics of Bemisia tabaci Biotypes B and Q from the Mediterranean and the U.S. inferred using microsatellite markers SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shatters, Robert G., Jr.; Boykin, L. M.; McKenzie, C. L.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Bagnall, R. A.; Rosell, R. C.; Frohlich, D. R.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. EM rshatters@ushrl.ars.usda.gov RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900089 ER PT J AU Simmons, A Levi, A Davis, A Ling, KS Lopez, R Michael Jackson, D Kousik, C Shepard, BM Thies, J AF Simmons, Alvin Levi, Amnon Davis, Angela Ling, Kai-Shu Lopez, Rolando Michael Jackson, D. Kousik, Chandrasekar Merle Shepard, B. Thies, Judy TI Wild germplasm: Plant resistance for watermelon SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Simmons, Alvin; Levi, Amnon; Ling, Kai-Shu; Michael Jackson, D.; Kousik, Chandrasekar; Thies, Judy] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Davis, Angela] Clemson Univ, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. EM asimmons@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900090 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM AF Wintermantel, W. M. TI Vector specificity of Criniviruses in tomato and virus competitiveness during mixed infection SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wintermantel, W. M.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. EM wwintermantel@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 261CO UT WOS:000253056900104 ER PT J AU Seiber, JN AF Seiber, James N. TI International dimensions of the journal of agricultural and food chemistry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Seiber, JN (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1021/jf073289d PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 247EF UT WOS:000252059400001 PM 18167078 ER PT J AU Mondal, S Tilley, M Alviola, JN Waniska, RD Bean, SR Glover, KD Hays, DB AF Mondal, Suchismita Tilley, Michael Alviola, Juma Novi Waniska, Ralph D. Bean, Scott R. Glover, Karl D. Hays, Dirk B. TI Use of near-isogenic wheat lines to determine the glutenin composition and functionality requirements for flour tortillas SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high molecular weight glutenins; tortillas; near-isogenic deletion lines ID PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; SUBUNIT LOCI; QUALITY; DOUGH; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB In wheat (Triticum aestivum L), the synthesis of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins (GS) is controlled by three heterologous genetic loci present on the long arms of group 1 wheat chromosomes. The loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 and their allelic variants play important roles in the functional properties of wheat flour. This study focused on understanding the functionality of these protein subunits on tortilla quality. Near-isogenic wheat lines in which one or more of these loci were absent or deleted were used. Tortillas were prepared from each deletion line and the parent lines. The elimination of certain HMW-GS alleles alter distinct but critical aspects of tortilla quality such as diameter, shelf stability, and overall quality. Two deletion lines possessing HMW-GS 17 + 18 at Glu-B1 and deletions in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 had significantly larger tortilla diameters, yet tortilla shelf life was compromised or unchanged from the parent lines used to develop the deletion lines or the commercial tortilla flour used as a control. Alternatively, a deletion line possessing Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 (HMW-GS 1, 5 + 10) and,a deletion in Glu-B1 also significantly improved tortilla diameters. Whereas the increase in diameter was less than the line possessing only HMW-GS 17 + 18 at Glu-B1, the stability of the tortillas were, however, maintained and improved as compared to the parent lines containing a full compliment of HMW-GS. Thus, the presence of subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 alone or in combination with subunit 1 at Glu-A1 appears to provide a compromise of improvement in dough extensibility for improved tortilla diameters while also providing sufficient gluten strength to maintain ideal shelf stability. C1 [Mondal, Suchismita; Alviola, Juma Novi; Waniska, Ralph D.; Hays, Dirk B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tilley, Michael; Bean, Scott R.; Glover, Karl D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Glover, Karl D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Hays, DB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dbhays@neo.tamu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1021/jf071831s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 247EF UT WOS:000252059400024 PM 18072743 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A Shearer, PW Zhang, A Hamilton, GC Aldrich, JR AF Khrimian, Ashot Shearer, Peter W. Zhang, Aijun Hamilton, George C. Aldrich, Jeffrey R. TI Field trapping of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, with geometric isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE brown marmorated stink bug; Halyomorpha halys; methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate; geometric isomers; isomerization; field trapping; electroantennogram ID SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; THYANTA-PALLIDOVIRENS; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; COMPONENTS; LATEX; ACID AB The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is a polyphagous pest indigenous to northeastern Asia where it damages various trees, vegetables, and leguminous crops. The bug was recently introduced into the U.S. and could potentially become a pest. In its native range, H. halys was reportedly attracted to the aggregation pheromone of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali, methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate. We also observed that traps baited with this compound are attractive to H. halys. We additionally found that methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate (as well as other isomeric methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates) exposed to daylight in solutions and/or on dispensers used for field trapping can readily isomerize to form complex mixtures of isomers, thus causing a concern about lure stability and longevity. However, our studies demonstrated that preventing isomerization of methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate in dispensers was not essential for field trapping of H. halys males, females, and nymphs. We also present evidence that traps baited with methyl (2Z,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate and methyl (2E,4Z,6Z)-decatrienoate (pheromone of Thyanta spp. pentatomids), as well as the mixtures of geometric isomers, attract H. halys. The ZEZisomer, unknown in nature, as well as the EEZisomer, elicited electrophysiological responses from antennae of H. halys males. The field data suggest that the presence of the EEZbut not ZEZisomer in the lure is essential for attraction of H. halys, and that other isomers are not antagonistic and may even be needed for maximum attraction. Because the pheromone of H. halys is unknown at present, lures containing methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate without protection from daylight are suitable for monitoring populations of H. halys late in the season. C1 [Khrimian, Ashot; Zhang, Aijun; Aldrich, Jeffrey R.] ARS, Invas Insec Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shearer, Peter W.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Bridgeton, NJ 08302 USA. [Hamilton, George C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insec Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Rm 301,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ashot.khrimiaa@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1021/jf072087e PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 247EF UT WOS:000252059400027 PM 18069789 ER PT J AU Pierce, SM Chan, KB Zhu, HP AF Pierce, Scott M. Chan, Kwaichow B. Zhu, Heping TI Residual patterns of alkyl polyoxyethylene surfactant droplets after water evaporation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE surfactant pattern formation; spray additive; microdroplet island; ring formation; droplet spreading; sessile droplet evaporation ID SESSILE DROPLET AB Using a nonionic, alkyl polyoxyethylene surfactant (X-77) in aqueous solutions, sessile droplet spreading, pinning, evaporation, contraction, and post-evaporation deposits are characterized. X-77 is widely used in the agricultural field as a spreader/adherent, intended to optimize pathenogenic agent coverage. Using a single droplet size under monitored temperature conditions, we control humidity, substrate hydrophobicity, and surfactant concentration to mimic varying agricultural conditions. For hydrophilic surfaces, the droplet spreads, reaching and retaining a maximum, stationary size. At this stage, a ring accretion occurs at the maximum spread diameter. During the final stage, the water film retracts, resulting in deposition of small islands of surfactant residue inside the ring. At lower concentrations of surfactant, we discover ring formations that break-up into "ring islands" at late-stage evaporation, accompanied by a distribution of the smaller islands in the interior portion of the substrate contact area. These are promoted by higher relative humidity. At higher concentrations, only a solid ring of surfactant remains, post-evaporation. Increasing surfactant concentration tends to increase the mean of the interior island size and to broaden the overall island size distribution. On sufficiently hydrophobic surfaces, surfactant-laden droplets do not evidence pinning, ring formations, or post-evaporation interior islands. Interestingly, lower humidity increases spreading at higher surfactant concentrations. Such pattern formations of surfactant deposit are reported for the first time and are of significance in projecting how surfactants such as X-77 distribute pesticides or other chemicals on leaf surfaces. C1 [Pierce, Scott M.; Chan, Kwaichow B.] Albany State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Albany, GA 31705 USA. [Zhu, Heping] USDA ARS, Applicat Res & Technol Unit, Wooster, OH USA. RP Pierce, SM (reprint author), Albany State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 504 Coll Dr, Albany, GA 31705 USA. EM scottpierce.chem@gmail.com NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1021/jf072372y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 247EF UT WOS:000252059400029 PM 18069796 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Callahan, A Cantrell, CL AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Callahan, Amber Cantrell, Charles L. TI Yield and oil composition of 38 basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions grown in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE basil; Ocimum basilicum; essential oil composition; chemotypes; oil content; yields ID CULTIVARS; QUALITY AB A field experiment was conducted to assess yield, oil content, and composition of 38 genotypes of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Overall, biomass yields were high and comparable to those reported in the literature. However, basil genotypes differed significantly with respect to oil content and composition. Oil content of the tested accessions varied from 0.07% to 1.92% in dry herbage. On the basis of the oil composition, basil accessions were divided into seven groups: (1) high-linalool chemotype [19-73% (-)-linalool], (2) linalool-eugenol chemotype [six chemotypes with 28-66% (-)linalool and 5-29% eugenol], (3) methyl chavicol chemotype [six accessions with 20-72% methyl chavicol and no (-)-linalool], (4) methyl chavicol-linalool chemotype [six accessions with 8-29% methyl chavicol and 8-53% (-)-linalool], (5) methyl eugenol-linalool chemotype [two accessions with 37% and 91% methyl eugenol and 60% and 15% (-)-linalool], (6) methyl cinnamate-linalool chemotype [one accession with 9.7% methyl cinnamate and 31% (-)-linalool], and (7) bergamotene chemotype [one accession with bergamotene as major constituent, 5% eucalyptol, and < 1% (-)linalool]. Our results demonstrated that basil could be a viable essential oil crop in Mississippi. The availability of various chemotypes offers the opportunity for production of basil to meet the market requirements of specific basil oils or individual compounds such as (-)-linalool, eugenol, methyl chavicol, methyl cinnamate, or methyl eugenol. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Callahan, Amber; Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway,145 South, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 25 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1021/jf072447y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 247EF UT WOS:000252059400033 PM 18072735 ER PT J AU Schmitz, GE Sullivan, ML Hatfield, RD AF Schmitz, George E. Sullivan, Michael L. Hatfield, Ronald D. TI Three polyphenol oxidases from red clover (Trifolium pratense) differ in enzymatic activities and activation properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polyphenol oxidase; red clover; Trifolium pratense; enzymatic activities ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; CATECHOL OXIDASE; PLANTS; ALFALFA; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEIN; ACID; REGISTRATION; EXPRESSION; EXTRACTS AB Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) oxidize o-diphenols to o-quinones, which cause browning reactions in many wounded fruits, vegetables, and plants including the forage crop red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Production of o-quinones in red clover inhibits postharvest proteolysis during the ensiling process. The cDNAs encoding three red clover PPOs were expressed individually in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which lacks detectable endogenous foliar PPO activity and o-diphenols. Several physical and biochemical characteristics of the red clover PPOs in alfalfa extracts were determined. In transgenic alfalfa extracts, red clover PPOs exist in a latent state and are activated (10-40-fold increase in activity) by long incubations (> 2 days) at ambient temperature or short incubations (< 10 min) at 2:65 degrees C. PPO1 appears to be more stable at high temperatures than PPO2 or PPO3. During incubation at ambient temperature, the molecular masses of the PPO enzymes were reduced by approximately 20 kDa. The apparent pH optima of latent PPO1, PPO2, and PPO3 are 5.5, 6.9, and 5.1, respectively, and latent PPO1 is slightly activated (similar to 5-fold) by low pH. Activation of the PPOs shifts the pH optima to similar to 7, and the activated PPOs retain substantial levels of activity as the pH increases above their optima. The latent and activated PPOs were surveyed for ability to oxidize various o-diphenols, and activation of the PPOs had little effect on substrate specificity. Activation increases the V-max but not the affinity of the PPO enzymes for caffeic acid. Results indicate red clover PPOs undergo structural and kinetic changes during activation and provide new insights to their effects in postharvest physiology. C1 [Schmitz, George E.; Sullivan, Michael L.; Hatfield, Ronald D.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hatfield, RD (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Ronald.Hatfield@ars.usda.gov OI Sullivan, Michael/0000-0002-8517-4493 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 13 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1021/jf072488u PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 247EF UT WOS:000252059400038 PM 18069787 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Mahecha, MD Falge, E Kattge, J Moffat, AM Papale, D Reichstein, M Stauch, VJ Braswell, BH Churkina, G Kruijt, B Hollinger, DY AF Richardson, Andrew D. Mahecha, Miguel D. Falge, Eva Kattge, Jens Moffat, Antje M. Papale, Dario Reichstein, Markus Stauch, Vanessa J. Braswell, Bobby H. Churkina, Galina Kruijt, Bart Hollinger, David Y. TI Statistical properties of random CO2 flux measurement uncertainty inferred from model residuals SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE data-model fusion; eddy covariance; FLUXNET; measurement error; pink noise; spectral analysis; uncertainty ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; TIME-SERIES DATA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SOIL RESPIRATION; TURBULENT FLUXES; SURFACE FLUXES AB Information about the uncertainties associated with eddy covariance measurements of surface-atmosphere CO2 exchange is needed for data assimilation and inverse analyses to estimate model parameters, validation of ecosystem models against flux data, as well as multi-site synthesis activities (e.g., regional to continental integration) and policy decision-making. While model residuals (mismatch between fitted model predictions and measured fluxes) can potentially be analyzed to infer data uncertainties, the resulting uncertainty estimates may be sensitive to the particular model chosen. Here we use 10 site-years of data from the CarboEurope program, and compare the statistical properties of the inferred random flux measurement error calculated first using residuals from five different models, and secondly using paired observations made under similar environmental conditions. Spectral analysis of the model predictions indicated greater persistence (i.e., autocorrelation or "memory") compared to the measured values. Model residuals exhibited weaker temporal correlation, but were not uncorrelated white noise. Random flux measurement uncertainty, expressed as a standard deviation, was found to vary predictably in relation to the expected magnitude of the flux, in a manner that was nearly identical (for negative, but not positive, fluxes) to that reported previously for forested sites. Uncertainty estimates were generally comparable whether the uncertainty was inferred from model residuals or paired observations, although the latter approach resulted in somewhat smaller estimates. Higher order moments (e.g., skewness and kurtosis) suggested that for fluxes close to zero, the measurement error is commonly skewed and leptokurtic. Skewness could not be evaluated using the paired observation approach, because differencing of paired measurements resulted in a symmetric distribution of the inferred error. Patterns were robust and not especially sensitive to the model used, although more flexible models, which did not impose a particular functional form on relationships between environmental drivers and modeled fluxes, appeared to give the best results. We conclude that evaluation of flux measurement errors from model residuals is a viable alternative to the standard paired observation approach. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, Andrew D.; Braswell, Bobby H.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mahecha, Miguel D.; Kattge, Jens; Moffat, Antje M.; Reichstein, Markus; Churkina, Galina] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Falge, Eva; Stauch, Vanessa J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Papale, Dario] Univ Tuscia, DISAFRI, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Stauch, Vanessa J.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Kruijt, Bart] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Res & Dev, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Mahecha, Miguel/F-2443-2010; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Kattge, Jens/J-8283-2016; OI Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648; Mahecha, Miguel/0000-0003-3031-613X; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Kattge, Jens/0000-0002-1022-8469; Churkina, Galina/0000-0002-5895-7425; Moffat, Antje/0000-0003-1307-2065 NR 54 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 1 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.09.001 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261UB UT WOS:000253104400004 ER PT J AU Djikeng, A Halpin, R Kuzmickas, R DePasse, J Feldblyum, J Sengamalay, N Afonso, C Zhang, XS Anderson, NG Ghedin, E Spiro, DJ AF Djikeng, Appolinaire Halpin, Rebecca Kuzmickas, Ryan DePasse, Jay Feldblyum, Jeremy Sengamalay, Naomi Afonso, Claudio Zhang, Xinsheng Anderson, Norman G. Ghedin, Elodie Spiro, David J. TI Viral genome sequencing by random priming methods SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS DISCOVERY; DNA VIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; RNA; AMPLIFICATION; PARVOVIRUS; REVEALS AB Background: Most emerging health threats are of zoonotic origin. For the overwhelming majority, their causative agents are RNA viruses which include but are not limited to HIV, Influenza, SARS, Ebola, Dengue, and Hantavirus. Of increasing importance therefore is a better understanding of global viral diversity to enable better surveillance and prediction of pandemic threats; this will require rapid and flexible methods for complete viral genome sequencing. Results: We have adapted the SISPA methodology [1-3] to genome sequencing of RNA and DNA viruses. We have demonstrated the utility of the method on various types and sources of viruses, obtaining near complete genome sequence of viruses ranging in size from 3,000-15,000 kb with a median depth of coverage of 14.33. We used this technique to generate full viral genome sequence in the presence of host contaminants, using viral preparations from cell culture supernatant, allantoic fluid and fecal matter. Conclusion: The method described is of great utility in generating whole genome assemblies for viruses with little or no available sequence information, viruses from greatly divergent families, previously uncharacterized viruses, or to more fully describe mixed viral infections. C1 [Djikeng, Appolinaire; Halpin, Rebecca; Kuzmickas, Ryan; Feldblyum, Jeremy; Sengamalay, Naomi; Spiro, David J.] J Craig Venter Inst, Virol Genom Grp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Afonso, Claudio] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Zhang, Xinsheng] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ghedin, Elodie] Viral Def Fdn, Kensington, MD 20891 USA. [DePasse, Jay] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Djikeng, A (reprint author), J Craig Venter Inst, Virol Genom Grp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM adjikeng@jcvi.org; rhalpin@jcvi.org; rkuzmick@jcvi.org; DePasseJ@dom.pitt.edu; jfeldbly@umd.edu; nmiller@jcvi.org; cafonso@seprl.usda.gov; zhang.282@osu.edu; normananderson@viraldefense.org; GhedinE@dom.pitt.edu; dspiro@jcvi.org RI Feldblyum, Jeremy/B-9600-2009 OI Feldblyum, Jeremy/0000-0001-6667-9587 NR 18 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 267WN UT WOS:000253540000001 PM 18179705 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Simon, PW AF Ipek, Meryem Ipek, Ahmet Simon, Philipp W. TI Molecular characterization of Kastamonu garlic: An economically important garlic clone in Turkey SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE genetic relationships; AFLP; allium sativum L.; gene specific markers ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RAPD MARKERS; AFLP MARKERS; CLASSIFICATION; COLLECTION; CULTIVARS; ISOZYME AB Turkey is one of the major garlic producing country in the World and the significant amount of Turkey's production has been made using a garlic variety called Kastamonu garlic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess genetic relationship of Kastamonu garlic with 20 previously characterized garlic clones collected from different regions of the world using AFLP and locus specific DNA markers. One putative Kastamonu garlic genotype was obtained from Taskopru district of Kastamonu province while another putative Kastamonu garlic genotype was collected from a local farmers' market in Bursa province and called as Kast-Taskopru and Kast-Bursa in this study, respectively. In the UPGMA dendrogram developed by using 120 AFLP markers, Kast-Taskopru was clustered closely over 97% similarity with other non-bolting garlic clones, P1493112, P1493118 and P1383824. This cluster was also supported by bootstrap analysis with 100% bootstrap value. All clones in this cluster also shared same alleles of gene specific DNA markers. However, Kast-Bursa shared 100% polymorphic AFLP markers and gene specific markers with a different garlic clone, P1497951 in another distinct cluster of UPGMA dendrogram and this clustering has also bootstrap value of 100%. These results suggest that Kastamonu garlic is not unique and garlic production in Turkey has been made using several garlic clones, even though most of this production has been sold as Kastamonu garlic due to its high popularity. Therefore, a standard Kastamonu garlic genotype needs to be determined by fingerprinting all available garlic clones cultivated in Kastamonu province and other regions of Turkey. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ipek, Meryem] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. [Ipek, Ahmet] Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ipek, M (reprint author), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. EM msipek@comu.edu.tr NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 115 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.09.001 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 257TV UT WOS:000252822300016 ER PT J AU Peterson, SC Eller, FJ Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL AF Peterson, Steven C. Eller, Fred J. Fanta, George F. Felker, Frederick C. Shogren, Randal L. TI Comparison of the effects of critical fluid and reflux-extracted techniques on cornstarch pasting properties SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE critical fluid extraction; lipid removal; starch; pasting properties ID LIPID EXTRACTION; STARCHES; AMYLOSE AB Critical fluid extraction of native lipids from cornstarch using 75/25 (v/v) ethanol/water as the solvent removed over 99% of the native lipid. The percentage of native lipid extracted was altered by changing the solvent/starch ratio. The pasting properties and shear storage modulus of a defatted. critical fluid-extracted sample differed from those of a sample defatted by refluxing with 75/25 (v/v) n-propanol/water, although both samples contained only trace amounts of residual native lipid. The percent soluble starch in the lipid-extracted starches was higher than that of the control starch, which was expected since extraction of native lipids reduced the amount of lipid-complexed amylose within the starch granule and enabled more intragranular amylose to be leached out. This study describes a convenient, non-toxic process for extracting native lipids from cornstarch, and the altered pasting and gelling properties of these extracted starches could result in new end-use applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SC (reprint author), USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steve.Peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 5 PY 2008 VL 71 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.05.019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 238JT UT WOS:000251444400009 ER PT J AU Sainz, IF Holinka, LG Lu, Z Risatti, GR Borca, MV AF Sainz, I. Fernandez Holinka, L. G. Lu, Z. Risatti, G. R. Borca, M. V. TI Removal of a N-linked glycosylation site of classical swine fever virus strain Brescia E-rns glycoprotein affects virulence in swine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE virulence; pathogenesis; attenuation; protection; glycoproteins; glycosylation; classical swine fever virus ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS; VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; STRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN; PESTIVIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ; IDENTIFICATION; DETERMINANTS; ATTENUATION; MUTATIONS AB E-rns glycoprotein, along with E-1 and E-2, is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). E-rns is a heavily glycosylated protein involved in several functions, including virus attachment and entry to target cells, production of neutralizing antibodies, and virulence. The role of added glycans to CSFV strain Brescia E-rns on virus virulence was assessed in swine. A panel of virus mutants was constructed and used to investigate whether the removal of each of seven putative glycosylation sites in the E-rns glycoprotein would affect viral virulence in swine. Only N269A/Q substitution rendered attenuated viruses (N1v/N1Qv) that, unlike BICv and other mutants, produced a transient infection in swine characterized by mild symptoms and decreased virus shedding. Notably, N1v efficiently protected swine from challenge with virulent BICv at 3 and 21 days post-infection suggesting that glycosylation of E-rns could be modified for development of CSF live-attenuated vaccines. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sainz, I. Fernandez; Holinka, L. G.; Borca, M. V.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Risatti, G. R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lu, Z.] DHS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Ignacio.Fernandez-Sainz@ars.usda.gov; lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; zlu@piadc.ars.usda.gov; guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2008 VL 370 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.028 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 239XW UT WOS:000251552600012 PM 17904607 ER PT J AU Green, BW AF Green, Bartholomew W. TI Stocking strategies for production of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in amended freshwater in inland ponds SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone); freshwater; mineral amendment; aquaculture; inland ponds ID PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP; LOW-SALINITY; WELL WATERS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; POTASSIUM; POSTLARVAE; ALABAMA; CULTURE; BUDGET AB The performance of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) under various stocking strategies was evaluated in earthen ponds filled with freshwater amended with major ions. Six 0.1-ha earthen ponds located in Pine Bluff, AR, USA, were filled with freshwater in 2003 and 2004, and potassium magnesium sulphate added to provide 50 mg K+ L-1 and stock salt added to provide 0.5 g L-1 salinity. In 2003, three ponds either were stocked with PL15 shrimp (39 PL m(-2)) for 125 days of grow out or with PL25 shrimp for 55 days (23 PL m(-2)) followed by a 65-day (28 PL m(-2)) grow-out period. In 2004, ponds were stocked with 7, 13 or 30 PL15 m(-2) for 134 days of grow out. Salinity averaged 0.7 g L-1 during both years, and concentration of SO4-2, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was higher, and Na+ and Cl- was lower in amended pond water than in seawater at 0.7 g L-1 salinity. Potassium concentration in amended water was 52-61% of the target concentration. Shrimp yields ranged from 3449 kg ha(-1) in 2003 to 4966 kg ha(-1) in 2004 in ponds stocked with 30-39 PL15 m(-2) for a 125-134-day culture period. At harvest, mean individual weight ranged from 17.1 to 19.3 g shrimp(-1). In ponds stocked with PL25 shrimp, yields averaged 988 and 2462 kg ha(-1) for the 1st and 2nd grow-out periods respectively. Gross shrimp yield in 2004 increased linearly from 1379-4966 kg ha(-1) with increased stocking rate. These experiments demonstrated that L. vannamei can be grown successfully in freshwater supplemented with major ions to a final salinity of 0.7 g L-1. C1 [Green, Bartholomew W.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr Excellence, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Green, BW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr Excellence, 1200 N Univ Dr MS 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM green@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01849.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 243PD UT WOS:000251808900002 ER PT J AU Piao, SL Ciais, P Friedlingstein, P Peylin, P Reichstein, M Luyssaert, S Margolis, H Fang, JY Barr, A Chen, AP Grelle, A Hollinger, DY Laurila, T Lindroth, A Richardson, AD Vesala, T AF Piao, Shilong Ciais, Philippe Friedlingstein, Pierre Peylin, Philippe Reichstein, Markus Luyssaert, Sebastiaan Margolis, Hank Fang, Jingyun Barr, Alan Chen, Anping Grelle, Achim Hollinger, David Y. Laurila, Tuomas Lindroth, Anders Richardson, Andrew D. Vesala, Timo TI Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; EXCHANGE; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; SENSITIVITY; LATITUDES; BALANCE AB The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is particularly sensitive to climatic changes in autumn and spring(1-4), with spring and autumn temperatures over northern latitudes having risen by about 1.1 degrees C and 0.8 degrees C, respectively, over the past two decades(5). A simultaneous greening trend has also been observed, characterized by a longer growing season and greater photosynthetic activity(6,7). These observations have led to speculation that spring and autumn warming could enhance carbon sequestration and extend the period of net carbon uptake in the future(8). Here we analyse interannual variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration data and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes. We find that atmospheric records from the past 20 years show a trend towards an earlier autumn- to- winter carbon dioxide build- up, suggesting a shorter net carbon uptake period. This trend cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric transport alone and, together with the ecosystem flux data, suggest increasing carbon losses in autumn. We use a process- based terrestrial biosphere model and satellite vegetation greenness index observations to investigate further the observed seasonal response of northern ecosystems to autumnal warming. We find that both photosynthesis and respiration increase during autumn warming, but the increase in respiration is greater. In contrast, warming increases photosynthesis more than respiration in spring. Our simulations and observations indicate that northern terrestrial ecosystems may currently lose carbon dioxide in response to autumn warming, with a sensitivity of about 0.2 PgC degrees C-1, offsetting 90% of the increased carbon dioxide uptake during spring. If future autumn warming occurs at a faster rate than in spring, the ability of northern ecosystems to sequester carbon may be diminished earlier than previously suggested(9,10). C1 [Piao, Shilong; Ciais, Philippe; Friedlingstein, Pierre] CNRS, CEA, UMR, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Peylin, Philippe] LBI, F-78026 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Reichstein, Markus] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Luyssaert, Sebastiaan] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Margolis, Hank] Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie & Geomat, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Fang, Jingyun] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Chen, Anping] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Grelle, Achim] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Laurila, Tuomas] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Lindroth, Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Piao, SL (reprint author), CNRS, CEA, UMR, LSCE, Batiment 709,CE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM slpiao@lsce.ipsl.fr; philippe.ciais@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Fang, Jingyun/A-4282-2009; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; Chen, Anping/H-9960-2014; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/F-6684-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/0000-0003-1121-1869 NR 35 TC 408 Z9 453 U1 31 U2 333 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7174 BP 49 EP U3 DI 10.1038/nature06444 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247KZ UT WOS:000252079300030 PM 18172494 ER PT J AU Garcia, RAP Afeche, SC Scialfa, JH do Amaral, FG dos Santos, SHJ Lima, FB Young, ME Cipolla-Neto, J AF Peliciari Garcia, Rodrigo Antonio Afeche, Solange Castro Scialfa, Julieta Helena do Amaral, Fernanda Gaspar Jose dos Santos, Sabrina Heloisa Lima, Fabio Bessa Young, Martin Elliot Cipolla-Neto, Jose TI Insulin modulates norepinephrine-mediated melatonin synthesis in cultured rat pineal gland SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pineal gland; metatonin; insulin; norepinephrine; tryptophan hydroxylase; arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase; hydroxyindol-O-methyltransferase ID SEROTONIN N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; GROWTH FACTOR-II; TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE; ADRENERGIC REGULATION; DAILY RHYTHM; RECEPTOR; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; STIMULATION; BRAIN AB The mammalian pineal gland synthesizes melatonin in a circadian manner, peaking during the dark phase. This synthesis is primarily regulated by sympathetic innervations via noradrenergic fibers, but is also modulated by many peptidergic and hormonal systems. A growing number of studies reveal a complex role for melatonin in influencing various physiological processes, including modulation of insulin secretion and action. In contrast, a role for insulin as a modulator of mclatonin synthesis has not been investigated previously. The aim of the current study was to determine whether insulin modulates norepinephrine (NE)-mediated melatonin synthesis. The results demonstrate that insulin (10(-8)M) potentiated norepinephrine-mediated melatonin synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPOH) activity in ex vivo incubated pineal glands. When ex vivo incubated pineal glands were synchronized (12h NE-stimulation, followed by 12h incubation in the absence of NE), insulin potentiated NE-mediated melatonin synthesis and arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity. Insulin did not affect the activity of hydroxyindole-O-methyltranferase (HIOMT), nor the gene expression of tpoh, aanat, or hiomt, under any of the conditions investigated. We conclude that insulin potentiates NE-mediated melatonin synthesis in cultured rat pineal gland, potentially through post-transcriptional events. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Peliciari Garcia, Rodrigo Antonio; Scialfa, Julieta Helena; do Amaral, Fernanda Gaspar; Jose dos Santos, Sabrina Heloisa; Lima, Fabio Bessa; Cipolla-Neto, Jose] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Afeche, Solange Castro] Butantan Inst, Pharmacol Lab, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Peliciari Garcia, Rodrigo Antonio; Young, Martin Elliot] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cipolla-Neto, J (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 1524,1st Floor,Room 18, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM cipolla@icb.usp.br RI Cipolla-Neto, Jose/B-1619-2009; castro afeche, solange/D-4287-2014; Lima, Fabio /H-2677-2014 OI Cipolla-Neto, Jose/0000-0003-3748-3731; castro afeche, solange/0000-0001-6195-7859; FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL074259] NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD JAN 2 PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.10.016 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 251MZ UT WOS:000252379000013 PM 18048060 ER PT S AU Lee, SM Abbott, AL Araman, PA AF Lee, San-Mook Abbott, A. Lynn Araman, Philip A. GP IEEE TI SEGMENTATION ON STATISTICAL MANIFOLD WITH WATERSHED TRANSFORM SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Statistical manifold; watershed transform; segmentation ID TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; PROBABILITY; MODEL AB A watershed transform and a graph partitioning are studied on statistical manifold. Statistical manifold is a 2D Riemannian manifold which is statistically defined by maps that transform a parameter domain onto a set of probability density functions (PDFs). Due to high dimensionality of PDFs, it is hard and computationally expensive to produce segmentation on statistical manifold. In this paper, we propose a method that generates super-pixels using watershed transform. Finding capturing basins on statistical manifold is not straightforward. Here, we create a local distance map using metric tensor defined on statistical manifold. Watershed transform is performed on this local distance map and provides super-pixels that significantly reduce the number of data points and thus make efficient clustering algorithms such as normalized cut (Ncut) feasible to work on. Experimental results show superiority of the proposed method over principal component analysis (PCA) based dimensionality reduction method. C1 [Lee, San-Mook; Abbott, A. Lynn] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Araman, Philip A.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 625 EP 628 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4711832 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921400157 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Guo, W Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, Stuart O. Guo, Wenchuan Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Study of Fruit Permittivity Measurements for Quality Detection SO 2008 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 12-15, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE Sensing permittivity; dielectric properties; fruit quality AB Permittivities of honeydew melons and watermelons, grown to provide a range of maturities, were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and impedance analyzer at frequencies from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz. Measurements on fresh apples were also made over a ten-week storage period Data were taken on the external surfaces of the fruit and on tissue samples from the edible internal tissue Soluble solids content (SSC), indicative of sweetness, was used for melons as the quality factor for correlation with permittivity. Dielectric constant and loss factor correlations with SSC were low, but a high correlation was obtained between the SSC and permittivity from a complex-plane plot of dielectric constant and loss factor, each divided by SSC. However, quality prediction from this relationship was not very high Dielectric properties of apples were relatively constant during the ten-week storage period even though firmness of apple tissues decreased significantly over that period. C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Guo, Wenchuan] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Yangling, Peoples R China. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov; guowenchuan69@126.com; samir.trabbelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-1540-3 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2008 BP 1009 EP + DI 10.1109/IMTC.2008.4547184 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIP18 UT WOS:000261512100192 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Lewis, M AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. Lewis, Micah GP IEEE TI Practical Microwave Meter for Sensing Moisture and Density of Granular Materials SO 2008 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 12-15, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE Low-cost microwave sensor; dielectric constant; loss factor; moisture content; bulk density; wheat ID PARTICULATE MATERIALS; BULK-DENSITY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SENSORS; GRAIN AB A low-cost microwave sensor for rapid and nondestructive sensing of bulk density and moisture content in granular and particulate materials has been built and tested The sensor was made with inexpensive, off-the-shelf components and operates at 5.8 GHz Three permittivity-based algorithms were used to determine simultaneously bulk density and moisture content from dielectric properties measurement Results obtained for wheat indicate the bulk density can be determined with less than 2% relative error and that moisture content can be determined with a standard error of calibration of 0.5%. C1 [Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Lewis, Micah] Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Samir.Trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-1540-3 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2008 BP 1021 EP + DI 10.1109/IMTC.2008.4547187 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIP18 UT WOS:000261512100195 ER PT S AU Lee, SM Abbott, AL Araman, PA AF Lee, San-Mook Abbott, A. Lynn Araman, Philip A. GP IEEE TI SEGMENTATION ON STATISTICAL MANIFOLD WITH WATERSHED TRANSFORM SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Statistical manifold; watershed transform; segmentation ID TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE; PROBABILITY; MODEL AB A watershed transform and a graph partitioning are studied ore statistical manifold. Statistical manifold is a 2D Riemannian manifold which is statistically defined by maps transform a parameter domain onto a set of probability density functions (PDFs). Due to high dimensionality of PDFs, it is hard and computationally expensive to produce segmentation on statistical manifold. In this paper, we propose a method that generates super pixels using watershed transform. Finding capturing basins on statistical manifold is not straightforward. Here, we create a local distance neap using metric tensor defined on statistical manifold. Watt: shod transform is performed on this local distance map and provides super pixels that significantly reduce: the number of data points and thus make efficient clustering algorithms such as normalized cut (Ncut) feasible to work ore. Experimental results show superiority of the proposed method over principal component analysis (PCA) based dimensionality reduction method. C1 [Lee, San-Mook; Abbott, A. Lynn] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Araman, Philip A.] Southern Res Stat, US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1764-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 629 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIT35 UT WOS:000262505000158 ER PT S AU Gavrielides, MA Masmoudi, H Petrick, N Myers, KJ Hewitt, SM AF Gavrielides, Marios A. Masmoudi, Hela Petrick, Nicholas Myers, Kyle J. Hewitt, Stephen M. GP IEEE TI Automated evaluation of HER-2/neu immunohistochemical expression in breast cancer using digital microscopy SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE microscopy imaging; immunohistochemistry; biomarker imaging; HER2/neu; computer aided analysis ID AMPLIFICATION; CARCINOMA; ONCOGENE AB HER-2/neu (HER2) has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for breast cancer. However, inter-observer variability has been reported in the evaluation of HER2 with immunohistochemistry. It has been suggested that automated computer-based evaluation can provide a consistent and objective measure of HER2 expression. In this manuscript, we present an automated method for the quantitative assessment of HER2 using digital microscopy. The method employs imaging algorithms on whole slide images of tissue specimens for the extraction of two features describing HER2 membrane staining, namely membrane staining completeness and membrane staining intensity. A classifier was trained to merge the extracted features into an overall slide assessment score. Preliminary results showed good agreement with the provided truth. The developed automated method has the potential to be used as a computer aid for the immunohistochemical evaluation of HER2 expression with the objective of increasing observer reproducibility. C1 [Gavrielides, Marios A.; Masmoudi, Hela; Petrick, Nicholas; Myers, Kyle J.] NIBIB, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Lab Assessment Med Imaging Syst, USDA, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Masmoudi, Hela] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hewitt, Stephen M.] Natl Inst Hlth, Tissue Array Res Program, Ctr Canc Res, Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gavrielides, MA (reprint author), NIBIB, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Lab Assessment Med Imaging Syst, USDA, Washington, DC 20052 USA. OI Hewitt, Stephen/0000-0001-8283-1788 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-2002-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2008 BP 808 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2008.4541119 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIB70 UT WOS:000258259800203 ER PT B AU Kandala, CV Butts, CL AF Kandala, Chari V. Butts, Chris L. GP IEEE TI Design and performance of an impedance analyzer for nondestructive moisture content determination of in-shell peanuts SO 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE impedance analyzer; parallel-plate electrodes; capacitance; phase angle; moisture content; peanuts ID SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB Moisture content (MC) in peanuts is measured at various stages of their processing and storage in the peanut industry. 4 method was developed earlier that would estimate the MC of a small sample of in-shell peanuts (peanut pods) held between two circular parallel-plates, from the values of capacitance and phase angle measured by a commercially available impedance analyzer, at three frequencies 1, 5 and 9 MHz. These values were used in an empirical equation, developed using the capacitance and phase angle values of samples of known MC levels, to obtain the average MC values of peanut samples with moisture contents in the range of 6 to 20%. In the present work, a low-cost impedance analyzer, designed and assembled in our laboratory was used to measure the impedance and phase angles at 1, 5 and 9 MHz. The MC values predicted by the analyzer were compared with those obtained by the standard air-oven method. For 93% of the samples tested in the moisture range between 9% and 20% the MC values were found to be within 1% of the air-oven values. Ability to determine the average MC of in-shell peanuts without shelling and cleaning them, with a low-cost instrument, will be of considerable use in the peanut industry. C1 [Kandala, Chari V.; Butts, Chris L.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Kandala, CV (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1962-3 PY 2008 BP 46 EP 50 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHU06 UT WOS:000256382600011 ER PT B AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. GP IEEE TI Microwave dielectric sensing of moisture content in shelled peanuts independent of bulk density and with temperature compensation SO 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE moisture content; shelled peanuts; attenuation; phase shift; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; density independent; temperature compensated ID FREE-SPACE AB A dielectric method for rapid and nondestructive sensing of moisture content in shelled peanuts from free space measurement of attenuation, phase shift, and their corresponding dielectric properties at microwave frequencies is presented. Results of moisture prediction with three density-independent calibration functions are compared. For each function, the moisture calibration equation with temperature compensation is given. C1 Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart O.] Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1962-3 PY 2008 BP 51 EP 53 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHU06 UT WOS:000256382600012 ER PT B AU Nelson, SO Guo, WC Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, Stuart O. Guo, Wenchuan Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Investigation of dielectric sensing for fruit quality determination SO 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE sensing permittivity; dielectric properties; fruit quality ID PERMITTIVITY AB Permittivities of honeydew melons and watermelons, grown to provide a range of maturities, were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and impedance analyzer at frequencies from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz Measurements on fresh apples were also made over a ten-week storage period Data were taken on the external surfaces of the fruit and on tissue samples from the edible internal tissue Soluble solids content (SSC), indicative of sweetness, was used for melons as the quality factor for correlation with permittivity. Dielectric constant and loss factor correlations with SSC were low, but a high correlation was obtained between the SSC and permittivity from a complex-plane plot of dielectric constant and loss factor, each divided by SSC. However, quality prediction from this relationship was not very high. Dielectric properties of apples were relatively constant during the ten-week storage period even though firmness of apple tissues decreased significantly over that period. C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Guo, Wenchuan] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1962-3 PY 2008 BP 54 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHU06 UT WOS:000256382600013 ER PT B AU Shental, O Bickson, D Siegel, PH Wolf, JK Dolev, D AF Shental, Ori Bickson, Danny Siegel, Paul H. Wolf, Jack K. Dolev, Danny GP IEEE TI A message-passing solver for linear systems SO 2008 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop CY JAN, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We develop an efficient distributed message-passing solution for systems of linear equations based upon Gaussian belief propagation that does not involve direct matrix inversion. C1 [Shental, Ori; Siegel, Paul H.; Wolf, Jack K.] USDA, CMRR, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bickson, Danny; Dolev, Danny] HUJI, CSE, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Shental, O (reprint author), USDA, CMRR, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM oshental@ucsd.edu; daniel5l@cs.huji.ac.il; psiegel@ucsd.edu; jwolf@ucsd.edu; dolevl@cs.huji.ac.il NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2670-6 PY 2008 BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIM85 UT WOS:000260931800063 ER PT B AU Kurum, M Lang, RH O'Neill, PE Joseph, A Jackson, T Cosh, M AF Kurum, Mehmet Lang, Roger H. O'Neill, Peggy E. Joseph, Alicia Jackson, Tom Cosh, Mike GP IEEE TI Estimation of Canopy Attenuation for Active/Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithms SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment CY MAR 11-14, 2008 CL Florence, ITALY SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze DE Vegetation; Soil Moisture; Transient Response; Frequency Correlation Function ID FOREST CANOPY; L-BAND; SCATTEROMETER AB This paper discusses the importance of the proper characterization of scattering and attenuation in trees needed for accurate retrieval of soil moisture in the presence of trees. Emphasis is placed on determining an accurate estimation of the propagation properties of a vegetation canopy using the complex frequency correlation function (FCF). A new technique for determining the canopy attenuation that uses the measured stepped frequency radar backscatter response is proposed. It makes use of the details found in a transient solution where the canopy (volume scattering) and the tree-ground (double interaction) effects appear at different times. The proposed technique is based on separating the backscattering sources within a forest canopy in the time response. The technique has been used with L band data collected over deciduous trees to verify that the algorithm results match the simulated data. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20070 USA. [Jackson, Tom; Cosh, Mike] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM kurum@gwu.edu RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1986-9 PY 2008 BP 136 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BIJ56 UT WOS:000260085700035 ER PT J AU Colling, A Jeggo, M Louvandini, H Lelenta, M Robinson, M AF Colling, Axel Jeggo, Martyn Louvandini, Helder Lelenta, Mamadou Robinson, Mark TI The establishment of quality systems in veterinary diagnostic testing laboratories in developing countries: experiences with the FAO/IAEA External Quality Assurance Programme SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE external quality assurance; proficiency testing; quality systems; developing countries; diagnostic laboratories; animal health; ELISA ID VALIDATION; DISEASES AB Quality systems, established to internationally accepted standards, are one mechanism that can assist in evaluations of the sustainability of technology transfer, the proficiency of the user, and the reliability and comparability of data generated, resulting in potential enhancement of laboratory credibility. The means of interpreting existing standards and implementing quality systems in developing country veterinary diagnostic laboratories has become a significant adjunct to the technology transfer element within the Food and Agriculture/ International Atomic Energy Agency, FAO/IAEA programme. The FAO/IAEA External Quality Assurance Programme (EQAP) is given as an example for an initial step towards enhancing the "quality" culture in developing country veterinary laboratories. In 1995 the EQAP began as an effort to assure that test results emanating from laboratories using FAO/IAEA ELISA kits for animal disease diagnosis are valid. For this purpose 15 international external quality-assurance rounds have been performed to date for a variety of animal diseases e.g. Rinderpest, brucellosis, trypanosomosis, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Results indicate that the EQAP is a valuable tool in the assessment of both the results provided by, and use of the ELISA kits provided through, the joint FAO/IAEA programme. Furthermore EQAP can assist laboratory diagnosticians to enhance quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) procedures for conducting FAO/IAEA ELISAs and to advise on the implementation of similar QC/QA procedures in other laboratory activities. Based on the experiences made during the implementation of the EQAP a proposal for establishing a quality system standard was ratified through the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) general conference in May 2000. The OIE Standard On Management And Technical Requirements For Laboratories Conducting Tests For Infectious Animal Diseases is based on ISO 17025 and provides a clear formula for establishing quality systems in veterinary diagnostic laboratories world-wide. C1 [Colling, Axel; Jeggo, Martyn] CSIRO Livestock Ind, AAHL, Clayton, Vic 3219, Australia. [Robinson, Mark] USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Program Leader Anim Agrosecur, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Lelenta, Mamadou] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Lelenta, Mamadou] IAEA, Agr & Biotechnol Lab Agcy Labs, FAO, Anim Prod Unit, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Louvandini, Helder] Univ Brasilia, Fac Agron & Med Vet, Inst Ctr Ciencias, BR-70910970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Colling, A (reprint author), CSIRO Livestock Ind, AAHL, 5 Portarlington Rd,3219 E Geelong, Clayton, Vic 3219, Australia. EM axel.colling@csiro.au RI Pecuaria brasileira, Inct/J-9542-2013; Louvandini, Helder /C-9441-2012 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00769-007-0329-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 255PP UT WOS:000252670200006 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Morales, JA Leandro, D Rosenthal, BM AF Dubey, J. P. Morales, J. A. Leandro, D. Rosenthal, B. M. TI Molecular phylogeny implicates new world opossums (Didelphidae) as the definitive hosts of Sarcocystis ramphastosi, a parasite of the keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) SO ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE toucan; Ramphastos sulfuratus; Sarcocystis ramphastosi; Costa Rica ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; SOUTH-AMERICAN OPOSSUM; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ANSER-ALBIFRONS; NEURONA; FALCATULA; APICOMPLEXA; ALBIVENTRIS; MARKERS; AGENT AB Macroscopic sarcocysts of Sarcocystis ramphastosi Dubey, Lane, and van Wilpe, 2004 were found in a toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) from Costa Rica. The DNA extracted from 11 individual sarcocysts was subjected to PCR amplification assays targeting 1208 bp of 18S ribosomal DNA; data revealed a close phylogenetic relationship to S. falcatula and S. neurona, transmitted by didelphid marsupials, indigenous to Americas. These results suggest opossums as a definitive hosts for Sarcocystis ramphastosi. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Rosenthal, B. M.] Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. [Morales, J. A.; Leandro, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma, Dept Patol, Escuela Med Vet, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI KRAKOW PA GRONOSTAJOWA 7, KRAKOW, 30-387, POLAND SN 0065-1583 J9 ACTA PROTOZOOL JI Acta Protozool. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 295QH UT WOS:000255488500004 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Jardine, JE AF Dubey, J. P. Jardine, J. E. TI Severe intestinal coccidiosis in a newborn lion (Panthera leo) SO ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE coccidia; epithelial cells; ileum; parasites; ultrastructure ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; LIFE-CYCLE; DIFFERENTIATION; REDESCRIPTION; CATS AB Severe coccidiosis was found in sections of small intestine of a less than 2 day old lion (Panthera leo) born in captivity. Schizonts, merozoites, gamonts, and unsporulated oocysts were located in epithelial cells of ileum. Ultrastructural examination indicated that schizonts divided by schizogony. Merozoites were 5.1-7.0 x 1.4-1.6 mu m in size and contained numerous micronemes arranged in rows. The rhoptries had a long neck with long bulbous ends that were turned around in a loop. Organisms did not stain with antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. This is the first report of intestinal coccidiosis in a neonatal lion. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jardine, J. E.] VET PATH Lab Serv, Belmont, WA, Australia. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave,POB 18, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI KRAKOW PA GRONOSTAJOWA 7, KRAKOW, 30-387, POLAND SN 0065-1583 J9 ACTA PROTOZOOL JI Acta Protozool. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 295QH UT WOS:000255488500005 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS AF Sonstegard, Tad S. CA iBMC Consortium TI APPLIED GENOMICS IN CATTLE SNPS TO CHIPS: CHANGING THE PARADIGM OF SELECTION IN CATTLE SO ACTA SCIENTIAE VETERINARIAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Sociedade-Brasileira-de-Tecnologia-de-Embrioes (SPTE) CY AUG 21-24, 2008 CL Guaruja, BRAZIL SP Soc Brasileira Technol Embrioes DE SNP; marker assisted selection (MAS); whole genome enabled animal selection (WGEAS); cattle ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; DAIRY-CATTLE; MISSENSE MUTATION; MILK-YIELD; QTL; IDENTIFICATION AB Over the past 50 years, artificial selection has been successful at improving production but simultaneous improvement for functional traits like fertility has been limited. Initial applications of marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve selection have failed to overcome these limitations: in part, because only effects for major genes related to production could be found. However, the availability of a draft sequence assembly of the bovine genome opened new possibilities for application of MAS in cattle by providing adequate resources to develop dense, high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays. Capture of dense SNP information on a genome-wide basis was needed to properly investigate the effectiveness of whole genome enabled animal selection (WGEAS) for genetic improvement. In contrast to previous attempts at MAS, WGEAS is proving to be valuable at predicting genetic merit de novo. As such, WGEAS is now being fully integrated into the traditional genetic evaluation system for North American Holsteins to enhance prediction. A part of this process has been the immediate screening of unproven bulls for improved net merit; thus, changing the way the U. S. dairy industry practices selection. We present an overview on how WGEAS affects current dairy industry breeding schemes to provide better accuracy of predictions for genetic merit in Holstein cattle across traits; while enhancing heritability and reliability of these predictions through improved pedigree information. Then, we discuss future possibilities and applications based on coupling WGEAS with advanced reproductive technologies to rapidly decrease generation interval time for genetic improvement. C1 [Sonstegard, Tad S.] ARS, USDA, BARC, BFGL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC, BFGL, Bldg 200,Rm 2A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tad.sonstegard@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL PI PORTO ALEGRE RS PA FAC VET, CAIXA POSTAL 15017, PORTO ALEGRE RS, 91501-570, BRAZIL SN 1678-0345 J9 ACTA SCI VET JI Acta Sci. Vet. PY 2008 VL 36 SU 2 BP S293 EP S298 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 470ZU UT WOS:000268022000014 ER PT S AU Goldberg, S Johnston, CT Suarez, DL Lesch, SM AF Goldberg, Sabine Johnston, Cliff T. Suarez, Donald L. Lesch, Scott M. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Mechanism of Molybdenum Adsorption on Soils and Soil Minerals Evaluated Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Surface Complexation Modeling SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; MOLYBDATE ADSORPTION; IRON-OXIDES; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; INFRARED-SPECTRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CLAY-MINERALS; GOETHITE; SULFATE AB Molybdenum adsorption on amorphous aluminum and iron oxides was investigated as a function of solution pH and solution ionic strength. In this study in situ Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods were combined with sorption techniques, electrophoretic mobility measurements, and surface complexation modeling to study the interaction of Mo with amorphous oxide surfaces. The speciation of Mo in aqueous solution was examined using Raman and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR methods as a function of solution pH. Good agreement was found between the vibrational spectra of Mo in aqueous solution and those of Mo sorbed to amorphous Al oxide. The mechanisms of Mo sorption to these surfaces based on the spectroscopic, sorption, and electrophoretic mobility measurements are as follows: Mo forms predominantly inner-sphere surface complexes at low pH and predominantly outer-sphere surface complexes at high pH. These surface configurations were used to constrain the input parameters of the triple layer surface complexation model to describe Mo adsorption on soils. After applying the triple layer model to Mo adsorption on 36 soils, a general regression model was developed for predicting Mo surface complexation constants from 5 independently measured soil chemical characteristics: cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, inorganic carbon content, aluminum oxide content, and iron oxide content. The triple layer model was well able to predict Mo adsorption on all the soils at all pH values. The surface speciation predicted by the model for soil was in agreement with that predicted from spectroscopy for Mo adsorption on amorphous Al oxide. C1 [Goldberg, Sabine; Suarez, Donald L.; Lesch, Scott M.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Johnston, Cliff T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM SGOLDBERG@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 235 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07009-7 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100010 ER PT S AU Delgado, JA Berry, JK AF Delgado, Jorge A. Berry, Joseph K. BE Sparks, DL TI Advances in precision conservation SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 98 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DEHYDRATED MOLASSES SUPPLEMENT; SOIL LOSS EQUATION; WATER-QUALITY; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT ZONES; SOURCE POLLUTION; CROP PRODUCTION; EROSION; LANDSCAPE AB Population growth is expected to increase, and the world population is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050, which decreases the per capita arable land. More intensive agricultural production will have to meet the increasing food demands for this increasing population, especially because of an increasing demand for land area to be used for biofuels. These increases in intensive production agriculture will have to be accomplished amid the expected environmental changes attributed to Global Warming. During the next four decades, soil and water conservation scientists will encounter some of their greatest challenges to maintain sustainability of agricultural systems stressed by increasing food and biofuels demands and Global Warming. We propose that Precision Conservation will be needed to support parallel increases in soil and water conservation practices that will contribute to sustainability of these very intensively-managed systems while contributing to a parallel increase in conservation of natural areas. The original definition of Precision Conservation is technologically based, requiring the integration of a set of spatial technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing (RS), and geographic information systems (GIS) and the ability to analyze spatial relationships within and among mapped data according to three broad categories: surface modeling, spatial data mining, and map analysis. In this paper, we are refining the definition as follows: Precision Conservation is technologically based, requiring the integration of one or more spatial technologies such as GPS, RS, and GIS and the ability to analyze spatial relationships within and among mapped data according to three broad categories: surface modeling, spatial data mining, and map analysis. We propose that Precision Conservation will be a key science that will contribute to the sustainability of intensive agricultural systems by helping us to analyze spatial and temporal relationships for a better understanding of agricultural and natural systems. These technologies will help us to connect the flows across the landscape, better enabling us to evaluate how we can implement the best viable management and conservation practices across intensive agricultural systems and natural areas to improve soil and water conservation. C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Berry, Joseph K.] Berry & Associates, Spatial Informat Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 88 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374355-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2008 VL 98 BP 1 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00201-0 PG 44 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BHX96 UT WOS:000257315100001 ER PT S AU Singh, RP Hodson, DP Huerta-Espino, J Jin, Y Njau, P Wanyera, R Herrera-Foessel, SA Ward, RW AF Singh, Ravi P. Hodson, David P. Huerta-Espino, Julio Jin, Yue Njau, Peter Wanyera, Ruth Herrera-Foessel, Sybil A. Ward, Richard W. BE Sparks, DL TI Will stem rust destroy the world's wheat crop? SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 98 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS-TRITICI; RESISTANCE GENES; ADULT-PLANT; RACE TTKS; LEAF RUST; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POWDERY MILDEW; SPRING WHEAT; CHROMOSOME AB Race Ug99, or TTKSK, of fungus Puccinia graminis tritici, causing stem or black rust disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum), first identified in Uganda in 1998 has been recognized as a major threat to wheat production. Its spread in 2006 to Yemen and Sudan and further spread towards North Africa, Middle East and West-South Asia is predicted -aided by predominant wind currents and large areas of wheat varieties that are susceptible and grown under environments favorable for survival and multiplication of the pathogen. This has raised serious concerns of major epidemics that could destroy the wheat crop in these primary risk areas. Detection in Kenya of a new variant TTKST in 2006 with virulence to gene Sr24, which caused severe epidemics in 2007 in some regions of Kenya and rendered about half of the previously known Ug99-resistant global wheat materials susceptible, has further increased the vulnerability globally. Rigorous screening since 2005 in Kenya and Ethiopia of wheat materials from 22 countries and International Centers has identified low frequency of resistant materials that have potential to replace susceptible cultivars. Diverse sources of resistance, both race-specific and adult-plant type, are now available in high-yielding wheat backgrounds and are being used in breeding. The proposed strategy is to deploy spring wheat varieties possessing durable, adult plant resistance in East Africa and other primary risk areas to reduce inoculum and selection of new virulences capable of overcoming undefeated race-specific resistance genes. Race-specific resistance genes can then be deployed in secondary risk areas preferably in combinations. We believe that Ug99 threat in most countries can be reduced to tow levels by urgently identifying, releasing and providing seed of new high yielding, resistant varieties. C1 [Singh, Ravi P.; Hodson, David P.; Herrera-Foessel, Sybil A.; Ward, Richard W.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] INIFAP CEVAMEX, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. [Jin, Yue] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Njau, Peter; Wanyera, Ruth] NPBRC, KARJ, Njoro, Kenya. RP Singh, RP (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RI ward, Rick/F-8954-2013 OI ward, Rick/0000-0003-4436-0019 NR 63 TC 147 Z9 153 U1 9 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374355-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2008 VL 98 BP 271 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00205-8 PG 39 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BHX96 UT WOS:000257315100005 ER PT S AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, N. K. Baligar, V. C. BE Sparks, DL TI AMELIORATING SOIL ACIDITY OF TROPICAL OXISOLS BY LIMING FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 99 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; PHOSPHORUS-ZINC INTERACTIONS; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L; NORTH-EASTERN VICTORIA; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; DRY BEAN PRODUCTION AB The greatest potential for expanding the world's agricultural frontier lies in the savanna regions of the tropics, which are dominated by Oxisols. Soil acidity and low native fertility, however, are major constraints for crop production on tropical Oxisols. Soil acidification is an ongoing natural process which can be enhanced by human activities or can be controlled by appropriate soil management practices. Acidity produces complex interactions of plant growth-limiting factors involving physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Soil erosion and low water-holding capacity are major physical constraints for growing crops on tropical Oxisols. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous deficiencies or unavailabilities and aluminum toxicity are considered major chemical constraints that limit plant growth on Oxisols. Among biological properties, activities of beneficial microorganisms are adversely affected by soil acidity, which has profound effects on the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient mineralization, and immobilization, uptake, and utilization by plants, and consequently on crop yields. Liming is a dominant and effective practice to overcome these constraints and improve crop production on acid soils. Lime is called the foundation of crop production or "workhorse" in acid soils. Lime requirement for crops grown on acid soils is determined by the quality of timing material, status of soil fertility, crop species and cultivar within species, crop management practices, and economic considerations. Soil pH, base saturation, and aluminum saturation are important acidity indices which are used as a basis for determination of liming rates for reducing plant constraints on acid soils. In addition, crop responses to time rate are vital tools for making timing recommendations for crops grown on acid soils. The objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive and updated review of time requirements for improved annual crop production on Oxisols. Experimental data are provided, especially for Brazilian Oxisols, to make this review as practical as possible for improving crop production. C1 [Fageria, N. K.] EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. [Baligar, V. C.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. NR 224 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 8 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374360-2 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2008 VL 99 BP 345 EP 399 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00407-0 PG 55 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BII56 UT WOS:000259852600007 ER PT S AU Pielach, CA Roberts, DP Kobayashi, DY AF Pielach, Cynthia A. Roberts, Daniel P. Kobayashi, Donald Y. BE Laskin, AI Sariaslani, S Gadd, GM TI Metabolic Behavior of Bacterial Biological Control Agents in Soil and Plant Rhizospheres SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 65 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PSEUDOMONAS-CHLORORAPHIS PCL1391; ULTIMUM SPORANGIUM GERMINATION; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; ROOT COLONIZATION; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM C1 [Pielach, Cynthia A.; Kobayashi, Donald Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. [Roberts, Daniel P.] Henrv A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kobayashi, DY (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 978-0-12-374429-6 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2008 VL 65 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00607-2 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BIS48 UT WOS:000262438200007 PM 19026866 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ AF Jackson, Thomas J. BE Liang, S TI Passive microwave remote sensing for land applications SO ADVANCES IN LAND REMOTE SENSING: SYSTEM, MODELING, INVERSION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing CY OCT, 2005 CL Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res DE passive microwave; soil moisture; land surface ID SOIL-MOISTURE ESTIMATION; AMSR-E; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RETRIEVAL; RADIOMETER; VEGETATION; DISAGGREGATION; TEMPERATURES; SALINITY AB Land applications, in particular soil moisture retrieval, have been hampered by the lack of low frequency passive microwave observations and the coarse spatial resolution of existing sensors. The next decade could see several improved operational and exploratory missions using new technologies as well as innovative disaggregation and data fusion approaches that could lead the way to an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6449-4 PY 2008 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6450-0_2 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHR96 UT WOS:000255865000002 ER PT B AU Jacob, F Schmugge, T Olioso, A French, A Courault, D Ogawa, K Petitcolin, F Chehbouni, G Pinheiro, A Privette, J AF Jacob, Frederic Schmugge, Thomas Olioso, Albert French, Andrew Courault, Dominique Ogawa, Kenta Petitcolin, Francois Chehbouni, Ghani Pinheiro, Ana Privette, Jeffrey BE Liang, S TI Modeling and inversion in thermal infrared remote sensing over vegetated land surfaces SO ADVANCES IN LAND REMOTE SENSING: SYSTEM, MODELING, INVERSION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing CY OCT, 2005 CL Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res ID DIRECTIONAL RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CALCULATIONS; DUAL ANGLE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT-FLUX; EMISSIVITY SEPARATION; NATURAL SURFACES; NONISOTHERMAL SURFACES; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AB Thermal Infra Red (TIR) Remote sensing allows spatializing various land surface temperatures: ensemble brightness, radiometric and aerodynamic temperatures, soil and vegetation temperatures optionally sunlit and shaded, and canopy temperature profile. These are of interest for monitoring vegetated land surface processes: heat and mass exchanges, soil respiration and vegetation physiological activity. TIR remote sensors collect information according to spectral, directional, temporal and spatial dimensions. Inferring temperatures from measurements relies on developing and inverting modeling tools. Simple radiative transfer equations directly link measurements and variables of interest, and can be analytically inverted. Simulation models allow linking radiative regime to measurements. They require indirect inversions by minimizing differences between simulations and observations, or by calibrating simple equations and inductive learning methods. In both cases, inversion consists of solving an ill-posed problem, with several parameters to be constrained from few information. Brightness and radiometric temperatures have been inferred by inverting simulation models and simple radiative transfer equations, designed for atmosphere and land surfaces. Obtained accuracies suggest refining the use of spectral and temporal information, rather than innovative approaches. Forthcoming challenge is recovering more elaborated temperatures. Soil and vegetation components can replace aerodynamic temperature, which retrieval seems almost impossible. They can be inferred using multiangular measurements, via simple radiative transfer equations previously parameterized from simulation models. Retrieving sunlit and shaded components or canopy temperature profile requires inverting simulation models. Then, additional difficulties are the influence of thermal regime, and the limitations of spaceborne observations which have to be along track due to the temperature fluctuations. Finally, forefront investigations focus on adequately using TIR information with various spatial resolutions and temporal samplings, to monitor the considered processes with adequate spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Jacob, Frederic] INRA, IRD, UMR LISAH SupAgro, Lab Studies Interact Soils Agrosyst Hydrosyst, Montpellier, France. [Schmugge, Thomas] New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Olioso, Albert; Courault, Dominique] UMR CSE INRA UAPV, Natl Inst Agron Res, F-84914 Avignon, France. [French, Andrew] USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Ogawa, Kenta] Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Ogawa, Kenta] Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. [Petitcolin, Francois] ACRI ST, Sophia Antipolis, France. [Chehbouni, Ghani] Inst Res Dev, Ctr Spatial Studies Biosphere, Toulouse, France. [Pinheiro, Ana] NASA, GSFC, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Jacob, F (reprint author), INRA, IRD, UMR LISAH SupAgro, Lab Studies Interact Soils Agrosyst Hydrosyst, Montpellier, France. EM frederic.jacob@supagro.mra.fr RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011; OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272 FU US ASTER Project of NASA's EOS-Terra Program (P.I. Thomas Schmugge); US NASA EOS [03-EOS-02]; French PNTS program; French PNBC program; French Inter Region MIP / PACA program; Department of Research, Development, and International Relations of Purpan Graduate School of Agriculture; ISPMSRS FX This review article was possible thanks to numerous interactions, discussions and scientific exchanges, in the framework of various collaborations supported by several programs: the US ASTER Project of NASAs EOS-Terra Program (P.I. Thomas Schmugge), the US NASA EOS Grant 03-EOS-02 (P.I. Andrew French), the French PNTS program (project P.Is. Frederic Jacob and Albert Olioso), the French PNBC program (project P.I. Jean Claude Menaut), the French Inter Region MIP / PACA program (project P.I. Dominique Courault), and finally the program from the Department of Research, Development, and International Relations of Purpan Graduate School of Agriculture. Many thanks to the ISPMSRS 2005 sponsors for permitting this symposium. NR 263 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6449-4 PY 2008 BP 245 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6450-0_10 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHR96 UT WOS:000255865000010 ER PT J AU Levine, LH Bisbee, PA Richards, JT Birmele, MN Prior, RL Perchonok, M Dixon, M Yorio, NC Stutte, GW Wheeler, RM AF Levine, Lanfang H. Bisbee, Patricia A. Richards, Jeffrey T. Birmele, Michele N. Prior, Ronald L. Perchonok, Michele Dixon, Mike Yorio, Neil C. Stutte, Gary W. Wheeler, Raymond M. TI Quality characteristics of the radish grown under reduced atmospheric pressure SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reduced atmospheric pressure; hypobaria; radish; antioxidant; ORAC; quality characteristics; sensory; glucosinolate ID MYROSINASE ACTIVITY; WHEAT; VEGETABLES; SWEETNESS; CAPACITY; OXYGEN AB This study addresses whether reduced atmospheric pressure (hypobaria) affects the quality traits of radish grown under such environments. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb Hybrid II) plants were grown hydroponically in specially designed hypobaric plant growth chambers at three atmospheric pressures; 33, 66, and 96 kPa (control). Oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures were maintained constant at 21 and 0.12 kPa, respectively. Plants were harvested at 21 days after Planting, with aerial shoots and swollen hypocotyls (edible portion of the radish referred to as the "root" hereafter) separated immediately upon removal from the chambers. Samples were subsequently evaluated for their sensory characteristics (color, taste, overall appearance, and texture), taste-determining factors (glucosinolate and soluble carbohydrate content and myrosinase activity), proximate nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate) and potential health benefit attributes (antioxidant capacity). In roots of control plants, concentrations of glucosinolate, total soluble sugar, and nitrate, as well as myrosinase activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured as ORAC(FL)), were 2.9, 20, 5.1, 9.4, and 1.9 times greater than the amount in leaves, respectively. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics, carbohydrate composition, or proximate nutrient content among the three pressure treatments. However, glucosinolate content in the root and nitrate concentration in the leaf declined as the atmospheric pressure decreased, suggesting perturbation to some nitrogen-related metabolism. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Levine, Lanfang H.; Bisbee, Patricia A.; Richards, Jeffrey T.; Birmele, Michele N.; Yorio, Neil C.; Stutte, Gary W.] Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Perchonok, Michele] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Dixon, Mike] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, CESRF, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Wheeler, Raymond M.] NASA, Biol Sci Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Levine, LH (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Mail Code DYN-3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM lanfang.levine-1@ksc.nasa.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 5 BP 754 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.082 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273KV UT WOS:000253930100013 ER PT S AU Vincent, AL Ma, WJ Lager, KM Janke, BH Richt, JA AF Vincent, Amy L. Ma, Wenjun Lager, Kelly M. Janke, Bruce H. Richt, Juergen A. BE Maramorosch, K Shatkin, A Murphy, F TI Swine Influenza Viruses: A North American Perspective SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 72 SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MATERNAL ANTIBODY INTERFERENCE; A VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; CROSS-PROTECTION; NS1 PROTEIN; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; ADENOVIRUS VECTOR AB Influenza is a zoonotic viral disease that represents a health and economic threat to both humans and animals worldwide, Swine influenza (SI) was first recognized clinically in pigs in the Midwestern U.S., in 1918. coinciding with the human influenza pandemic known as the Spanish flu. Since that time SI has remained of importance to the swine industry throughout the world. In this review. the epidemiology of swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in North American pigs is described in detail. The first 80 years of SI remained relatively static, whereas the last decade has become dynamic with the establishment of many emerging subtypes. With the increasing number of novel subtypes and genetic variants, the control of SI has become increasingly difficult and innovative strategies to combat this economically important zoonotic disease are critical. Therefore, protective immune responses against influenza virus infections as well as new paradigms of vaccine development in pigs are discussed in the review. It is expected that the dynamic evolutionary changes of SIVs in North American pigs will continue, making currently available prophylactic approaches of limited use to control the spread and economic losses associated with this important swine pathogen. C1 [Vincent, Amy L.; Ma, Wenjun; Lager, Kelly M.; Richt, Juergen A.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Ma, Wenjun; Janke, Bruce H.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Wenjun; Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Med & Pathobiol Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; National Institute Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700005C]; Center for Disease Control and Prevention [U01 CI000357-01] FX The authors thank the team of technical and animal care staff that has significantly contributed to the many studies described in this review. We thank Mike Marti for illustrations and Drs A. Garcia-Sastre, M. R. Gramer, and R.J. Webby for their continued support. Projects described in this review were funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and in part with Federal funds from the National Institute Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200700005C and from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, grant No. U01 CI000357-01. NR 108 TC 198 Z9 217 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-374322-0 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2008 VL 72 BP 127 EP 154 PG 28 WC Virology SC Virology GA BIO90 UT WOS:000261402300003 PM 19081490 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Thurston-Enriquez, JA AF Dowd, Scot E. Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A. TI Evaluation and guidelines for use of polymerase chain reaction-computer database homology comparison (PCR-CDHC) for detection and species determination of human pathogenic microsporidia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microsporidia; Sequencing; BLAST; PCR; detection ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; SEQUENCE; SEARCH; WATER AB The potential for waterborne disease and zoonotic transmission of at least two species of human pathogenic microsporidia has heightened interest in clinical and environmental detection methods for these organisms. Detection using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by computer database homology comparison (CDHC) (PCR-CDHC) was reported previously by this research group. As a result, PCR-CDHC has been employed by many research groups around the world for species determination of human pathogenic microsporidia. To validate the CDHC speciation approach, a phylogenetic tree was generated using the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (SSU-rDNA) of a large number of microsporidia. An index of similarity was created and used as part of an assessment of CDHCs ability to differentiate between closely related species. Polymerase chain reaction followed by dye termination PCR sequencing and subsequent CDHC of the sequences was performed on 8 species of microsporidia including four human pathogenic strains. The four non-human pathogenic microsporidia tested by this approach were those shown by the phylogenetic analyses to be very closely related to the other human pathogenic species as determined by branch length. In all cases the CDHC approach was able to correctly identify the eight species of microsporidia evaluated. To provide an example of PCR-CDHC, a "universal" and two previously published pathogen-specific microsporidia PCR protocols followed by PCR-CDHC was conducted to assess their ability to detect naturally occurring microsporidia species in swine wastewater. Only one primer set resulted in a PCR-CDHC analysis where presumptive human pathogenic microsporidia was detected. Subsequent CDHC showed these presumptive positive PCR results were actually false positives. With the appropriate primer set, PCR-CDHC proves to be a reliable method that can be used for specific species determination of human pathogenic microsporidia in samples where non-pathogenic species may be present. C1 [Dowd, Scot E.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. [Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A.] ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov FU SED's USEPA STAR FX This research was supported by SED's USEPA STAR NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1996-0808 J9 AFR J MICROBIOL RES JI Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 363VR UT WOS:000260295500001 ER PT J AU Tsang, T Orr, R Lam, P Comino, E Singh, MF AF Tsang, Tracey Orr, Rhonda Lam, Paul Comino, Elizabeth Singh, Maria Fiatarone TI Effects of Tai Chi on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind sham-exercise-controlled trial SO AGE AND AGEING LA English DT Article DE Tai Chi; diabetes mellitus; type 2; insulin resistance; elderly ID RISK-FACTORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; RESISTANCE; MELLITUS; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; TOLERANCE; PEOPLE AB Background: a large proportion of adults with type 2 diabetes remain sedentary despite evidence of benefits from exercise for type 2 diabetes. Simplified Yang Tai Chi has been shown in one study to have no effect on insulin sensitivity in older adults. However, a modified Tai Chi form, Tai Chi for Diabetes (TCD) has recently been composed, claiming to improve diabetes control. Methods: subjects were randomised to Tai Chi or sham exercise, twice a week for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were insulin resistance 72 h post-exercise (HOMA2-IR), and long-term glucose control (HbA(1c)). Results thirty-eight subjects (65 +/- 7.8 years, 79% women) were enrolled. Baseline BMI was 32.2 +/- 6.3 kg/ m(2), 84% had osteoarthritis, 76% hypertension, and 34% cardiac disease. There was one dropout, no adverse events, and median compliance was 100 (0 - 100)%. There were no effects of time or group assignment on insulin resistance or HbA(1c) (- 0.07 +/- 0.4% Tai Chi versus 0.12 +/- 0.3% Sham; P = 0.13) at 16 weeks. Improvement in HbA1c was related to decreased body fat (r = 0.484, P = 0.004) and improvement in insulin resistance was related to decreased body fat (r = 0.37, P = 0.03) and central adiposity (r = 0.38, P = 0.02), as well as increased fat-free mass (r = -0.46, P = 0.005). Conclusions: TCD did not improve glucose homeostasis or insulin sensitivity measured 72 h after the last bout of exercise. More intense forms of Tai Chi may be required to produce the body composition changes associated with metabolic benefits in type 2 diabetes. C1 [Tsang, Tracey; Orr, Rhonda; Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lam, Paul] Univ New S Wales, Dept Family Med, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. [Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tsang, T (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM ttsa6920@mail.usyd.edu.au RI Orr, Rhonda/C-1817-2008; Tsang, Tracey/J-4399-2012 OI Tsang, Tracey/0000-0002-3753-5506 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-0729 J9 AGE AGEING JI Age Ageing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1093/ageing/afm127 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 253DE UT WOS:000252498100013 PM 17965035 ER PT J AU Detar, WR AF Detar, W. R. TI Yield and growth characteristics for cotton under various irrigation regimes on sandy soil SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cotton; water production functions; drip irrigation; optimum application rates; growth characteristics; length of season; evapotranspiration ID DRIP IRRIGATION; WATER-USE; SUBSURFACE DRIP; COVER AB Over-watering cotton wastes a valuable and scarce resource; it can also lead to rank growth, nutrient leaching, and contaminated groundwater. Since under-watering can decrease yields, the question becomes one of finding the optimum application regime. An irrigation experiment was set up to apply water at six different application rates, ranging from 33% to 144% of normal, with hopes of identifying the regime that produces maximum yield. Two cultivars, Acala Maxxa and Acala PhytoGen-72 (Gossypium hirsutum L.), were planted on sandy soil and irrigated daily with a highly efficient subsurface drip irrigation system for four seasons. The results showed that on the average there was no significant difference in the yield of the two cultivars and there was no significant difference in the yield for the three wettest treatments. The driest of the three wettest treatments, treatment 4, was a critical point on the water production function curve. It represented the least amount of water applied that still produced essentially maximum yield, and it had the highest water use efficiency. This critical level of water application during mid-season was found to be, on the average, 95% of Class A pan evaporation;it corresponded to a total seasonal application of 654 mm of water. Any application less than this critical level decreased yields. Reducing the water application by 5% below the critical level caused about a 4.6% reduction in yield. The critical level produced a soil moisture level that remained nearly constant throughout the season. The final plant height was closely related to the depth of water applied, with the wettest treatment producing plant heights of 2.0 m, and the driest treatment producing plant heights of 0.6 m. At the extremes of the water application rates there were some small differences in the early-season growth rate of the plants, but the main cause of differences in final plant height was the date of cutout (cessation of main stem node production). The length of season for the driest treatment was about 4 weeks shorter than for the wettest treatment on both cultivars. Results showed that deficit irrigation of cotton on sandy soil can greatly reduce yield, and the practice should probably be avoided. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Detar, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM bill.detar@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.009 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254DN UT WOS:000252566700007 ER PT J AU Farahbakhshazad, N Dinnes, DL Li, CS Jaynes, DB Salas, W AF Farahbakhshazad, Neda Dinnes, Dana L. Li, Changsheng Jaynes, Dan B. Salas, William TI Modeling biogeochemical impacts of alternative management practices for a row-crop field in Iowa SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE agro-ecosystem management; crop yield; DNDC model; nitrate-n leaching; N2O emission; soil organic ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; DRAINED ILLINOIS AGROECOSYSTEMS; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; DNDC MODEL; N2O EMISSIONS; GAS EMISSIONS; LONG-TERM; TILLAGE; AGRICULTURE; NITRATE AB The management of contemporary agriculture is rapidly shifting from single-goal to multi-goal strategies. The bottleneck of implementing the strategies is the capacity of predicting the simultaneous impacts of change in management practices on agricultural production, soil and water resources and environmental safety. Process-based models provide an opportunity to quantify the impacts of farm management options on various pools and fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in agroecosystems. The denitrification-decomposition or DNDC model was recently modified for simulating N cycling for the U.S. Midwestern agricultural systems. This paper reports a continuous effort on applying the model for estimating the impacts of alternative management practices (e.g., no-till, cover crop, change in fertilizer rate or timing) on agroecosystems in the Midwestern U.S. A typical row-crop field in Iowa was selected for the sensitivity tests. The modeled results were assessed with a focus on four major indicators of agro-ecosystems, namely crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, nitrate-N leaching loss and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The results indicated that no-till practice significantly increased SOC storage and reduced nitrate-N leaching rate, but slightly decreased crop yield and increased N2O emissions. By modifying the methods of fertilizer application in conjunction with the no-till practice, the disadvantages of no-till could be overcome. For example, increasing the fertilizing depth and using a nitrification inhibitor could substantially reduce N2O emissions and increase crop yield under the no-till conditions. This study revealed the complexity of impacts of the alternative farming management practices across different climate conditions, soil properties and management regimes. Process-based models can play an important role in quantifying the comprehensive effects of management alternatives on agricultural production and the environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Comp Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Appl Geosolut LLC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Farahbakhshazad, N (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Comp Syst Res Ctr, 39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM nedaf@alum.mit.edu RI Dinnes, Dana/A-7793-2009 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 30 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.04.004 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234GX UT WOS:000251149800003 ER PT J AU Williams, CL Hargrove, WW Liebman, M James, DE AF Williams, Carol L. Hargrove, William W. Liebman, Matt James, David E. TI Agro-ecoregionalization of Iowa using multivariate geographical clustering SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE agroecopause; agroecozone; MapCurves; multivariate geographic clustering ID BIOMASS YIELD; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOIL PROPERTIES; CROP MODELS; CLASSIFICATION; USA; SCALE; ENVIRONMENT; ADAPTATION AB Agro-ecoregionalization is categorization of landscapes for use in crop suitability analysis, strategic agroeconomic development, risk analysis, and other purposes. Past agro-ecoregionalizations have been subjective, expert opinion driven, crop specific, and unsuitable for statistical extrapolation. Use of quantitative analytical methods provides an opportunity for delineation of agro-ecoregions in a more objective and reproducible manner, and with use of generalized crop-related environmental inputs offers an opportunity for delineation of regions with broader application. For this study, raster (cell-based) environmental data at 1 km scale were used in a multivariate geographic clustering process to delineate agroecozones. Environmental parameters included climatic, edaphic and topographic characteristics hypothesized to be generally relevant to many crops. Clustering was performed using five a priori grouping schemes of 5-25 agroecozones. Non-contiguous geographic zones were defined representing areas of similar crop-relevant environmental conditions. A red-green-blue color triplet was used for visualization of agroecozones as unique combinations of environmental factors. Concordance of the agroecozones with other widely used datasets was investigated using MapCurves, a quantitative goodness-of-fit method. The 5- and 25-agroecozone schemes had highest concordance with a map of major land resource areas and a map of major landform regions, with degree of fit judged to be good. The resulting agroecozones provide a framework for future rigorous hypothesis testing. Other applications include: quantitative evaluation of crop suitability at the landscape scale, environmental impact modeling and agricultural scenario building. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Williams, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM willico@iastate.edu RI Wrbka, Thomas/A-5699-2010 OI Wrbka, Thomas/0000-0002-1451-9108 NR 72 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.06.006 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234GX UT WOS:000251149800018 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Chavez, MDA Newsam, R Linderman, R Dodd, J Valdez-Carrasco, JM AF Gonzalez-Chavez, Ma. del Carmen A. Newsam, Ray Linderman, Robert Dodd, John Valdez-Carrasco, Jorge M. TI Bacteria associated with the extraradical mycelium of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in an As/Cu polluted soil SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Glomus claroideum; bacterial interaction; endosymbiosis; mycorrhizosphere; rhizosphere synergism ID GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; PLANT-GROWTH; TOXIC METALS; RHIZOSPHERE; HYPHAE; COPPER; BURKHOLDERIA; HYPHOSPHERE; GLOMALIN; SORPTION AB Synergistic interactions between bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur under natural soil conditions; however, in polluted soils there is little information regarding these relationships. Microscopy was used to study the interaction between the hyphae of an AM fungus (Glomus claroideum BEG134 from an As/Cu polluted soil) and bacteria in polluted soil cultures. BacLight (TM) staining showed viable bacteria mainly in the runner hyphae of the fungus associated with plants (Holcus lanatus L.) growing in polluted soils. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that a morphologically different bacterial population was intimately associated with the extraradical mycelium (ERM). Bacteria were embedded in the mucilaginous outer layer, encrusted at the outer layer, between hyphal wall layers, and inside hyphae. Crystals, comprising precipitated metal, were observed outside the ERM. The ecological relevance of this bacteria-AMF interaction is discussed. C1 [Gonzalez-Chavez, Ma. del Carmen A.; Valdez-Carrasco, Jorge M.] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. [Newsam, Ray] Univ Kent, Dept Biosci, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, England. [Linderman, Robert] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dodd, John] PlantWorks Ltd, Sittingbourne ME9 8HL, Kent, England. RP Gonzalez-Chavez, MDA (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad, Campus Montecillo,Carretera Mexico Texcoco Km 36-, Montecillo 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. EM carmeng@colpos.mx NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 256FH UT WOS:000252712600001 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Carrier, DJ Belesky, DP Pote, DH Ares, A Clausen, EC AF Burner, David M. Carrier, Danielle J. Belesky, David P. Pote, Daniel H. Ares, Adrian Clausen, E. C. TI Yield components and nutritive value of Robinia pseudoacacia and Albizia julibrissin in Arkansas, USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE black locust; crude protein; in vitro dry matter digestibility; mimosa; mimosine; nitrogen; pollard; robinin ID BLACK LOCUST TREE; LEUCAENA; MIMOSINE; ALLOMETRY; PROTEINS; BIOMASS; FOLIAR; GROWTH; LEAVES; GOATS AB Ranchers need alternative livestock feeds when herbaceous forages become limiting in summer. Our objectives were to determine: (1) leaf and stem biomass components, (2) nutritive value [in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC), N, and N digestibility] of leaves for animal browse, (3) concentration of the secondary metabolites robinin and mimosine, and (4) in vitro leaf and bark toxicity for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.), respectively, pollarded at 50 cm in Arkansas, USA. Black locust exceeded mimosa for every yield component (leaf mass tree(-1), leaves shoot(-1), shoots tree(-1), shoot mass tree(-1), stem basal area, and biomass tree(-1)) except mass leaf(-1). Projected yields were 1,900 and 1,600 kg leaves ha(-1) for black locust and mimosa, respectively, assuming a population of 12,300 trees ha(-1). Mimosa leaves had greater IVDMD, TNC, and N digestibility than black locust. Mimosa leaves exceeded the nutritional N requirements of growing cattle (Bos taurus L.) and goats (Capra hircus L.), but protein supplementation would be needed for growing goats grazing black locust leaves. Tissue concentrations of secondary metabolites robinin and mimosine were below detectable limits in black locust and mimosa, respectively. The extract of black locust bark, but not leaves, was toxic to bioassayed African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L.) cells. Either black locust or mimosa could provide moderate quantities of high quality, rotationally grazed forage for goats during summer months when herbaceous forage may in short supply. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Applachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ralph E Martin Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM David.Burner@ars.usda.gov OI Carrier, Danielle Julie/0000-0003-3322-4660 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10457-007-9098-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 236RB UT WOS:000251320000006 ER PT J AU Zuazo, VHD Pleguezuelo, CRR AF Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio TI Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers. A review SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE soil degradation; soil erosion; biomass; soil productivity; sustainability; climate; global warming; C ID CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION; REDUCING WATER EROSION; DIFFERENT LAND-USE; AGGREGATE STABILITY; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT; RAINFALL SIMULATION; INTERRILL EROSION; SEDIMENT YIELD; MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS; VEGETATION RESTORATION AB Soil erosion is a critical environmental problem throughout the world's terrestrial ecosystems. Erosion inflicts multiple, serious damages in managed ecosystems such as crops, pastures, or forests as well as in natural ecosystems. In particular, erosion reduces the water-holding capacity because of rapid water runoff, and reduces soil organic matter. As a result, nutrients and valuable soil biota are transported. At the same time, species diversity of plants, animals, and microbes is significantly reduced. One of the most effective measures for erosion control and regeneration the degraded former soil is the establishment of plant covers. Indeed, achieving future of safe environment depends on conserving soil, water, energy, and biological resources. Soil erosion can be controlled through a process of assessment at regional scales for the development and restoration of the plant cover, and the introduction of conservation measures in the areas at greatest risk. Thus, conservation of these vital resources needs to receive high priority to ensure the effective protection of managed and natural ecosystems. This review article highlights three majors topics: ( 1) the impact of erosion of soil productivity with particular focus on climate and soil erosion; soil seal and crust development; and C losses from soils; ( 2) land use and soil erosion with particular focus on soil loss in agricutural lands; shrub and forest lands; and the impact of erosion in the Mediterranean terraced lands; and ( 3) the impact of plant covers on soil erosion with particular focus on Mediterranean factors affecting vegetation; plant roots and erosion control; and plant cover and biodiversity. C1 [Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo; Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio] IFAPA Ctr Camino Purchil, Granada 18080, Spain. [Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo; Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio] USDA, Natl Soil Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zuazo, VHD (reprint author), IFAPA Ctr Camino Purchil, Apdo 2027, Granada 18080, Spain. EM victorh.duran.ext@juntadeandalucia.es NR 214 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 28 U2 242 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 DI 10.1051/agro:2007062 PG 22 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 271HQ UT WOS:000253779900007 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL AF Phillips, Rebecca L. TI Denitrification in cropping systems at sub-zero soil temperatures. A review SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE nitrous oxide; sub-zero temperatures; nitrogen; fertilizer ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; FREEZE-THAW CYCLES; MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; FILLED PORE-SPACE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; N2O EMISSIONS; LAND-USE; N-FERTILIZATION; ARABLE SOIL AB Nitrogen (N) in agricultural fertilizers is denitrified by soil bacteria when oxygen is limited, which effectively removes plant-available N from the soil to the atmosphere. Reported denitrification rates range from 0 to 239 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), and, depending upon environmental conditions and management, may reduce the amount of N available for crop growth by 27%. Denitrification in soils also results in emissions of nitrous oxide ( N(2)O), which is a recognized pollutant that contributes to stratospheric ozone destruction and radiative forcing in the troposphere. Practitioners of sustainable agronomy aim to improve plant N-use efficiency and reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases by synchronizing N application and plant nutritional requirements. However, it is difficult to predict denitrification rates during and after the growing season based on current knowledge. High rates are consistently reported in irrigated cropping systems following heavy applications of fertilizer-N, but few studies report denitrification during the dormant season. Denitrification in winter may represent a significant sink for fertilizer-N in cropping systems, but further research at sub-zero soil temperatures is needed. Here, the three factors required for microbial denitrification: limited O(2) availability, electron donors and electron acceptors, are reviewed based on soil research performed both above and below 0 degrees C. Gaps in the knowledge of denitrification rates in cropping systems, particularly when soils are frozen, are identified. Sustainable management of N in cropping systems such as greater N-use efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions could be advanced by greater understanding of denitrification in winter. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM Rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 77 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 45 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1051/agro:2007045 PG 7 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 271HQ UT WOS:000253779900008 ER PT J AU Pearson, CH Ernst, SM Barbarick, KA Hatfield, JL Peterson, GA Buxton, DR AF Pearson, Calvin H. Ernst, Susan M. Barbarick, Ken A. Hatfield, Jerry L. Peterson, Gary A. Buxton, Dwayne R. TI Agronomy journal turns one hundred SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB During 2008 we celebrate the centennial anniversary of Agronomy Journal. Many people have certainly been influenced in some way by the science published during the 100-yr existence of the journal. From Volume 1 up through Volume 98 (2006) there have been more than 30,290 authors who published 15,232 articles totaling 89,056 pages. More than 2545 editors were required to review and edit the papers published in Agronomy journal, in addition to the manuscripts submitted but not published. As a current snapshot of Agronomy Journal, we published 60% of the manuscripts submitted in 2005. In both 2003 and 2004, we accepted 55% of the manuscripts submitted. In a comparison of 48 peer journals in 2005, the impact factor of Agronomy journal ranked 12th at 1.473 and the total citations for the journal ranked fourth at 6723. Commentaries on the early history of Agronomy Journal have been previously published. In our article, we focus on the journal's history during the past 25 yr. We fully expect that the future of Agronomy Journal will be even more exciting, rewarding, challenging, and valued as the past 100 yr. We eagerly look forward to the next 100 yr of Agronomy Journal. C1 [Pearson, Calvin H.; Barbarick, Ken A.; Peterson, Gary A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Buxton, Dwayne R.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calvin.pearson@colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0312c PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800001 ER PT J AU Jost, P Shurley, D Culpepper, S Roberts, P Nichols, R Reeves, J Anthony, S AF Jost, P. Shurley, D. Culpepper, S. Roberts, P. Nichols, R. Reeves, J. Anthony, S. TI Economic comparison of transgenic and nontransgenic cotton production systems in Georgia SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; WEED MANAGEMENT; GLUFOSINATE; BROMOXYNIL; GLYPHOSATE; RESISTANT; EFFICACY AB Transgenic cotton (Gossypium birsutum L.) cultivars produce lint and seed and their propriety traits provide part of the crop's insect management and/or enable use of broad-spectrum herbicides for weed management. The standard procedures for conducting official cultivar trials utilize common pest management across all cultivars; whereas the pest management options and their associated potential for cost reductions are principal features of current transgenic cultivars. Field experiments were conducted to compare production systems utilizing cotton cultivars possessing different transgenic technologies managed in accordance with their respective genetic capabilities. In 2001 and 2002, selection of the Roundup Ready (RR) technology system resulted in reduced returns to the producer, while higher returns were attained from nontransgenic, Bollgard (B), and Bollgard/Roundup Ready (BR) technologies. In 2003, selection of the RR technology system or the Bollgard II/Roundup, Ready (B2R) system reduced returns, while similar, higher returns were attained from nontransgenic, B, and BR technologies. In 2004, a nontransgenic system was superior to the BR, B2R, and Liberty Link (LL) systems in Tifton, but similar returns were achieved from nontransgenic, BR, and B2R technologies in Midville. Cultivar selection was important among the technology systems. Collectively these results indicate that profitability was most closely associated with yields and not the transgenic technologies. C1 [Shurley, D.; Culpepper, S.; Roberts, P.] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Nichols, R.; Reeves, J.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Anthony, S.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Roberts, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM proberts@uga.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0259 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800005 ER PT J AU Massey, RE Myers, DB Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA AF Massey, Raymond E. Myers, D. Brenton Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Profitability maps as an input for site-specific management decision making SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; YIELD MAPS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FIELDS; ZONES; CLASSIFICATION; QUALITY AB For over a decade, farmers have been collecting site-specific yield data. Many have formed doubts about this investment because of their inability to directly apply this information as feedback for improving management. The objective of this case-study analysis was to investigate how site-specific decisions can be improved by transforming a long-term multiple-crop yield-map dataset into profit maps that contain economic thresholds representing profitability zones. Ten years (1993-2002) of cleaned yield map data [4, 5, and 1 yr for corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), respectively] were collected for a 35.6-ha claypan-soil field in Missouri. Actual input costs and crop prices, published custom rates for field operations, and region-specific land rental prices were used to transform yield maps into profitability maps by year, by crop, and overall for 10 yr. Profit maps revealed large field areas where net profit was negative, largely due to negative profit from corn production on areas where topsoil was eroded. The areal extent and degree to which other unique field features affected profitability, such as a tree line and a drainage way, are discussed. This analysis demonstrates how changing yield into profitability metrics can help a producer consider and then decide on different management options. We explore how assessment and exploratory analysis with profitability mapping supports multiple aspects of the decision process, including identification, development, and selection. The decision process discussed supports a producer's need to manage fields with incomplete information and where satisficing rather than optimizing behavior often occurs. This analysis demonstrated how profit mapping can be of value for a producer and provides impetus for the precision agriculture community to consider profit mapping protocols and standards. C1 [Kitchen, Newell R.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Massey, Raymond E.] Univ Missouri, Div Appl Social Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Myers, D. Brenton] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Newell.Kitchen@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0057 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800006 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Fedders, JM Abaye, AO Rayburn, EB AF Clapham, William M. Fedders, James M. Abaye, A. Ozzie Rayburn, Edward B. TI Forage pasture production, risk analysis, and the buffering capacity of triticale SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES; STEERS AB Many livestock producers minimize input costs by relying solely on naturalized, mixed-species pasture, but expose themselves to risks associated with forage yields that fluctuate in response to variable environmental conditions. This study was undertaken to assess winter triticale (x Triticosecale spp.) as a potential component of forage systems from the perspective of reducing forage yield risk. Triticale was sown each month from May until October in replicated plots for five consecutive years. Monthly harvests of triticale and mixed-pasture plots were made through October during the year of establishment and in April and May the following spring. Monte Carlo simulation modeled differences between triticale and mixed pasture yields for each planting month and harvest month combination. The models predicted that triticale yields in August (June planted) and October (August planted) should exceed mixed pasture yields by averages of 0.62 +/- 0.32 (mean standard deviation) and 0.77 +/- 0.52 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Yields of triticale planted in July or later and harvested in the following spring were also predicted to exceed mixed pasture by 0.50 +/- 0.21 Mg ha(-1) for July planted/April harvest to 1.33 +/- 0.32 Mg ha(-1) for September planted/April harvest. Risk analysis produced probabilities of benefit from incorporating triticale into forage systems, thus generating more meaningful results than conventional ANOVA. C1 [Clapham, William M.; Fedders, James M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Abaye, A. Ozzie] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rayburn, Edward B.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM William.Clapham@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0015 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800016 ER PT J AU Machado, S Petrie, S Rhinhart, K Ramig, RE AF Machado, Stephen Petrie, Steve Rhinhart, Karl Ramig, Robert E. TI Tillage effects on water use and grain yield of winter wheat and green pea in rotation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GREAT-PLAINS; NO-TILL; SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; STORAGE AB Under water-limited conditions, increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is essential for successful crop production. A 7-yr study (1977-1982, and 1985) to evaluate tillage and tillage timing effects on sod water storage, crop water use, and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring green pea (Pisum sativum L.) in rotation, was conducted near Pendleton, OR. Treatments included (i) fall plow (FP)-fall moldboard plow after wheat and after pea, (ii) maximum tillage (MT)-fall roto-till after wheat and fall sweep after pea, (iii) spring plow (SP)-spring moldboard plow after wheat and fall moldboard plow after pea, and (iv) minimum tillage(MinT)-no-till (NT) after wheat and fall sweep after pea. During the wheat phase, water storage efficiency was 44, 40, 38, and 34%, for FR MT, SP, and MinT, respectively. Corresponding values during the pea phase were 50, 53, 59, and 57%, for FR MT, SR and MinT, respectively. Wheat used all of the stored water and an additional 31, 41, 43, and 61% more water than water stored under FP, MT, SP and MinT, respectively. Pea used 71, 67, 67, and 60% of stored water under FP, MT, SP and MinT, respectively. Wheat and pea yields under MT, FP, and SP were not different. Lowest yield was obtained under MinT during both wheat and pea phases. WUE was highly correlated with yield and was lowest under MinT. Improving weed control, retaining stubble for sod erosion control, and reducing sweep operations in MinT should improve yields in this treatment. C1 [Machado, Stephen; Petrie, Steve; Rhinhart, Karl] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Ramig, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Machado, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM Stephen.Machado@oregonstate.edu RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0218 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800019 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM Osborne, SL Rosentrater, KA AF Lehman, R. Michael Osborne, Shannon L. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI No differences in decomposition rates observed between Bacillus thuringiensis and non-Bacillus thuringiensis corn residue incubated in the field SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NON-BT MAIZE; MICROBIAL UTILIZATION; INSECTICIDAL TOXIN; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SOIL; PROTEINS; SILAGE AB Recent speculation of slower residue decomposition for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids compared with non-Bt corn hybrids has prompted investigative study. We evaluated the residue decomposition rates of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids over a period of 22 mo under field conditions using the litter bag technique. The four corn hybrids used were (i) DKC60-16 (Bt(+), Cry1Ab protein active against the leptidopteran European corn borer, event MON810), (ii) DKC60-12 (Bt(+), Cry3Bb1 protein active against the coleopteran corn rootworm, event MON863), (iii) DKC60-14 (stacked Bt(++), Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 proteins) and, (iv) DKC60-15 (Bt(-), base genetics). The biochemical and physical properties of the corn residues were determined. No differences in the decomposition rates of the residue from the four corn hybrids were detected. Residue decomposition rate constants were approximately 0.25 d(-1) for all four hybrids with predicted residue half-lives of about 200 d. No differences in compositional properties, including lignin content, were observed among the four hybrids. Physical compression testing of the chopped residue failed to detect significant differences in mechanical strength properties among the hybrids. This is the first report regarding decomposition of Bt corn residue under field conditions following ambiguous reports from laboratory studies on the relative susceptibility of Bt corn residue to decomposition. C1 [Lehman, R. Michael; Osborne, Shannon L.; Rosentrater, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lehman, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM michael.lehman@ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178; Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0123 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800020 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Weisz, R AF Cowger, Christina Weisz, Randy TI Winter wheat blends (mixtures) produce a yield advantage in north Carolina SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CULTIVAR MIXTURES; MULTILINE CULTIVARS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; COMPONENTS; GENOTYPE; SYSTEM; 2-WAY; RUST AB Seed mixtures, or blends, of small grain cultivars are unknown in eastern U.S. wheat production, where numerous diseases and abiotic stresses often reduce yield and quality. In 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, a field experiment was conducted at Kinston, Plymouth, and Salisbury, NC, to compare performance of eight soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars having a range of maturities with that of 13 blends, each consisting of equal proportions of two or three of the cultivars. The blends were composed to have complementary disease resistance traits. Disease pressure was at most moderate in any environment. Blends significantly outyielded the means of their respective components (midcomponents) in Plymouth in 2005 (P = 0.042) and across all environments (P = 0.039), with a mean overall blend advantage of 0.13 Mg ha(-1). Averaged across environments, two blends significantly outyielded their midcomponents (P <= 0.011). Yield stability of blends exceeded that of pure cultivars by the stability variance model and principal component analysis. In general, blends did not differ significantly from midcomponents for test weight (P = 0.37), protein content (P = 0.10), hardness (P = 0.68), or failing number (sprouting tolerance, P = 0.89), but seed diameter nonuniformity of blends exceeded that of midcomponents (P = 0.0002). Wheat blends may offer a small yield advantage to North Carolina growers even in the absence of severe disease. C1 [Cowger, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Weisz, Randy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, CB7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Christina.Cowger@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0128 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800021 ER PT J AU Laird, DA AF Laird, David A. TI The charcoal vision: A win-win-win scenario for simultaneously producing bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAST PYROLYSIS; BIOMASS; REMOVAL AB Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio-oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio-oil is an energy raw material (similar to 17 MJ kg(-1)) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co-product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half-life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil-applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 x 10(9) Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio-oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO2-C. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 17 TC 291 Z9 333 U1 15 U2 138 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0161 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800022 ER PT J AU Naeve, SL Proulx, RA Hulke, BS O'Neill, TA AF Naeve, Seth L. Proulx, Rob A. Hulke, Brent S. O'Neill, Tracy A. TI Sample size and heterogeneity effects on the analysis of whole soybean seed using near infrared spectroscopy SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; NODES; OIL AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeders and physiologists are commonly interested in evaluating single plants for seed protein and oil concentration. Moreover, breeders tend to prefer nondestructive techniques so that soybean seed may be retained for variety development. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology can be an inexpensive and convenient method for nondestructive analysis of seed; however, many instruments require a 300 to 500-g sample size to operate. Recently, Perten Instruments, Inc. developed a 20 g "breeder's" cup for use with their DA 7200 diode array NIRS instrument. This study was initiated to explore the accuracy and repeatability of this very small cup relative to the standard 300 g cup. While no significant protein bias was discovered, a positive 4 g kg(-1) bias for oil prediction was found. Seven to eight repeated scans of the breeder's cup were required to increase cup precision compared to a single scan using the standard large cup, potentially due to the large amount of protein and oil heterogeneity within examined seed lots. While the precision of the protein and oil estimation of both cup sizes increased with repeated scans, the low precision noted with the breeder's cup virtually mandates multiple scans or destructive sampling through grinding. C1 [Naeve, Seth L.; Proulx, Rob A.; O'Neill, Tracy A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hulke, Brent S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Naeve, SL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM naeve002@umn.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0230 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 252XC UT WOS:000252479800029 ER PT J AU Forrester, JE Tucker, KL Skinner, S Terrin, N AF Forrester, J. E. Tucker, K. L. Skinner, S. Terrin, N. TI Drug use and weight loss in HIV-infected Hispanic men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE drug use; HIV; weight; body mass index; opiates; cocaine; Hispanic ID RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; WASTING SYNDROME; DIETARY-INTAKE; SURVIVAL; COHORT; AIDS; ADDICTS; COCAINE; ABUSE AB Weight loss is an independent risk factor for mortality in HIV but the role of drug use in HIV-related weight loss is not well described. We conducted this study to determine the role of drug use in HIV-related weight loss. Men (n = 304), all of whom were Hispanic, were recruited into one of three groups: HIV-infected drug users; HIV-noninfected drug users; and HIV-infected non-drug users. Bodymass index (BMI) was measured at successive visits. The groups were re-categorized based on self-reported drug use at the current visit into: (1) users of cocaine alone; (2) users of cocaine and opiates; (3) users of opiates alone; (4) former drug users; and (5) those who denied ever using drugs (all HIV-infected). The effect on BMI of the duration of use of the specific drug types was evaluated using repeated-measures analyses. Longer duration of exclusive opiate use or mixed cocaine and opiate use did not affect BMI in the men, regardless of HIV status. Exclusive cocaine use was associated with a decline in BMI among HIV-infected men (-0.070 kg/m(2) per month duration of use; SE = 0.033; p = 0.037) but not among HIV-uninfected men (0.024 kg/m(2) per month; SE = 0.023; p = 0.29). Adjustment for marijuana, cigarette and alcohol use in all men, or for CD4 count, viral load or HIV medication use in the HIV-infected men, did not alter the conclusions. We conclude that the use of opiates or combined opiates and cocaine does not increase the risk of weight loss in the presence or absence of HIV infection. Exclusive cocaine use may exacerbate weight loss in HIV-infection. C1 [Forrester, J. E.; Skinner, S.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, K. L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Terrin, N.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Forrester, JE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM janet.forrester@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIDA NIH HHS [5 P30 DA013868-02, DA11598, DA14501]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK4 5734-07]; PHS HHS [1-P308142853] NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2008 VL 20 IS 7 BP 868 EP 875 DI 10.1080/09540120701767174 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 345DW UT WOS:000258977300015 PM 18608065 ER PT S AU Sharratt, BS AF Sharratt, B. S. BE Brebbia, CA Longhurst, JWS TI Fugitive dust from agricultural land affecting air quality within the Columbia Plateau, USA SO AIR POLLUTION XVI SE WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution CY SEP, 2008 CL Wessex Inst Technol, Skiathos, GREECE SP WIT Transact Ecol & Environ HO Wessex Inst Technol DE PM10; wind erosion; fugitive dust; agriculture; particulate matter; high winds; dust storms; windblown dust ID WIND EROSION AB Windblown dust originating from agricultural land has contributed to poor air quality within the Columbia Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest United States. In fact, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) national ambient air quality standard for PM 10 (particulates <= 10 mu m in diameter) is exceeded each year in the Columbia Plateau due to fugitive dust emitted from agricultural land. Winter wheat - summer fallow is the conventional crop rotation employed on >1.5 million ha within the region. During the 13-month summer fallow period, multiple tillage operations are performed to conserve soil water and control weeds; these tillage operations also create erosive soil conditions due to burial of crop residue and degradation of soil aggregates. Instrumentation was installed to measure sediment flux and PM10 concentration at the windward and leeward positions in fields maintained in summer fallow. Soil loss resulting from singular high wind events ranged from 0 to 2317 kg/ha over a four-year observation period. The corresponding loss of PM10 during these high wind events ranged from 0 to 212 kg/ha. For those events with measurable soil loss, PM10 comprised 5 to 12% of the total soil loss. Although loss of PM10 during high wind events is relatively small compared to total soil loss, such quantities are sufficient to degrade air quality. In fact, under atmospheric conditions, which accompany high wind events within the Columbia Plateau, a loss of only 5 kg/ha of PM10 from all agricultural land in summer fallow is sufficient to raise ambient PM10 concentration above the US EPA standard. Therefore, alternative tillage or cropping practices are sought for reducing the loss of topsoil and PM 10 from fields managed in summer fallow during high wind events. C1 ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1743-3541 BN 978-1-84564-127-6 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2008 VL 116 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.2495/AIR080291 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJD87 UT WOS:000265065800029 ER PT B AU Duke, SO Baerson, SR Pan, Z Kagan, IA Sanchez-Moreiras, A Reigosa, MJ Pedrol, N Schulz, M AF Duke, Stephen O. Baerson, Scott R. Pan, Zhiqiang Kagan, Isabelle A. Sanchez-Moreiras, Adela Reigosa, Manuel J. Pedrol, Nuria Schulz, Margot BE Zeng, RS Mallik, AU Luo, SM TI Genomic approaches to understanding allelochemical effects on plants SO ALLELOPATHY IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Allelopathy Research and Application CY APR 27-29, 2004 CL Sanahui, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Guangdong Province, Dept Sci & Technol, Sanshui Municipal Govt, S China Agr Univ ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; MUTANT; GENES; CELLS AB Little is known concerning the mode of action of allelochemicals or plant defense responses mounted against them. Theoretically, changes in the expression of genes encoding the primary target or other proteins in the same pathway should occur soon after phytotoxin exposure. Defense responses, such as the induction of genes involved in chemical detoxification, may occur later, depending on the nature of the chemosensors which presumably exist in plant cells. We first used yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to test the concept of transcriptome profiling of toxicant modes of action. Characteristic gene induction profiles related to specific molecular target sites were verified with several fungicides. A battery of xenobiotic defense-associated genes were found to be dramatically induced in Arabidopsis following exposure to an array of structurally unrelated xenobiotics, including a herbicide, an allelochemical, and herbicide safeners. These genes are unlikely to be strongly linked to the mode of action of a specific phytotoxin, but rather constitute a coordinately-control led xenobiotic defense gene network. Transcriptional profiling experiments using microarrays are being conducted to examine the effects of various herbicides and natural phytotoxins on the Arabidopsis transcriptome. C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Baerson, Scott R.; Pan, Zhiqiang] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kagan, Isabelle A.] USDA ARS, FAPRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Sanchez-Moreiras, Adela] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecolo, Dept Biochem, Jena, Germany. [Reigosa, Manuel J.] Univ Vigo, Lab Ecofisiol, Vigo, Spain. [Pedrol, Nuria] Univ Vigo, Lab Ecofisiol, Serida, Spain. [Schulz, Margot] Univ Bonn, Inst Mol Physiol & Biotechnol plants, Bonn, Germany. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu; sbaerson@olemiss.edu; zpan@olemiss.edu; ikagan@ars.usda.gov; asanchez@ice.mpg.de; mreigosa@uvigo.es; npedrol@serida.org; ulp509@uni-bonn.de RI Sanchez Moreiras, Adela/A-8222-2011; Reigosa , Manuel/K-3551-2013 OI Sanchez Moreiras, Adela/0000-0002-0771-9259; Reigosa , Manuel/0000-0003-0527-1849 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-77336-0 PY 2008 BP 157 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-77337-7_8 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BHQ34 UT WOS:000255391200009 ER PT J AU Hogeland, JA AF Hogeland, Julie A. BE Batie, SS Mercuro, N TI The role of culture and social norms in theories of institutional change The case of agricultural cooperatives SO ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES: EVOLUTION AND IMPACT SE Economics of Legal Relationships LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Assessing the Evolution and Impact of Alternative Institutional CY 2006 CL Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI HO Michigan State Univ ID AMERICAN-AGRICULTURE C1 [Hogeland, Julie A.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-89443-9 J9 ECON LEGAL RELATION PY 2008 BP 349 EP 379 PG 31 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BOU11 UT WOS:000277581000016 ER PT J AU Danka, R Harris, J Ward, K Ward, R AF Danka, Robert Harris, Jeffrey Ward, Ken Ward, Rufina TI Status of bees with the trait of varroa-sensitive hygiene (VSH) for varroa resistance SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB One of the ongoing research projects at the USDA Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory in Baton Rouge is focused on the trait "varroa sensitive hygiene" (VSH), which helps honey bees resist in station by varroa mites. The overall goal of the work is to provide bee breeders, queen producers and beekeepers with bees to help manage varroa effectively and economically. Genetically based resistance to varroa is regarded as the most valuable tool available for sustained management of mites. This article explains recent research and technology transfer of the VSH trait. C1 [Danka, Robert; Harris, Jeffrey] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Ward, Ken; Ward, Rufina] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Danka, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM rdanka@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; jwharris@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 148 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 244CY UT WOS:000251844800014 ER PT J AU Duffield, JA AF Duffield, James A. TI Testimony Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Hearing on 'Responding to the Global Food Crisis' SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Duffield, JA (reprint author), USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 2008 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1240 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01210.x PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 374NV UT WOS:000261051900018 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Klich, M Boue, S Cleveland, TE Sien, T Walsh, TJ AF De Lucca, Anthony J. Klich, Maren Boue, Stephen Cleveland, Thomas E. Sien, Tien Walsh, Thomas J. TI Fungicidal activity of plant saponin CAY-1 for fungi isolated from diseased Vitis fruit and stems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CAY-1; saponin; grapes; fungi; fungicidal; Aspergillus; Penicillium ID CANDIDA-ALBICANS; GRAPES; ASPERGILLUS; OCHRATOXIN; EMPHASIS; GROWTH AB Members of 10 fungal genera were isolated from diseased grape berries and stems collected in a local vineyard. These fungi were identified as Alternaria sp., Aspergillus japonicus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Collelotrichum sp., Curvularia brachyspora, Epicoccum purpurascens, Greeneria uvicola, Nigrospora sphaerica, Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sclerotiorum and P. thomii. CAY-1, a fungicidal saponin in cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) was significantly (p <= 0.05) lethal to the germinating (incubated 8 hr) but not the nongerminated (0 hr incubation) conidia of all the fungi except Alternaria and E. purpurascens at concentrations greater than 7.5 mu M. CAY-1 was ineffective against the conidia of all the isolated fungi incubated 24 hr prior to mixing with the saponin. Results show that, in vitro, CAY-1 is lethal to these fungi only during their early germination cycle. C1 [De Lucca, Anthony J.; Klich, Maren; Boue, Stephen; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Sien, Tien; Walsh, Thomas J.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM adelucca@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 273KC UT WOS:000253927900009 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Lee, JM Spayd, SE Scagel, CF AF Tarara, Julie M. Lee, Jungmin Spayd, Sara E. Scagel, Carolyn F. TI Berry temperature and solar radiation alter acylation, proportion, and concentration of anthocyanin in Merlot grapes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article ID SHIRAZ GRAPES; BIOSYNTHESIS; WINE; ACCUMULATION; SUNLIGHT; STRESS; COLOR C1 [Tarara, Julie M.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Spayd, Sara E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-034-D]; Washington State University FX This work was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS no. 5358-21000-034-D and by Washington State University. NR 25 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 235 EP 247 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 348ZB UT WOS:000259247500002 ER PT J AU Bautista, J Dangl, GS Yang, J Reisch, B Stover, E AF Bautista, John Dangl, Gerald S. Yang, Judy Reisch, Bruce Stover, Ed TI Use of genetic markers to assess pedigrees of grape cultivars and breeding program selections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE crop improvement; microsatellite; null allele; SSR; Vitis ID MICROSATELLITE; IDENTIFICATION AB In a plant breeding program, an accurate understanding of pedigrees provides useful guidance for future hybridizations. However, plant breeder records occasionally contain errors which may mislead future breeding efforts, and there is considerable value in independently testing reported pedigrees. In this project, SSR markers were used to confirm or correct pedigrees for grape varieties from the Cornell breeding program and a few key varieties used as parents. As expected, most (20 of 24) reported pedigrees were confirmed. Recognizing a heritable null allele from Ontario, at VVMD25, was necessary for parent progeny analysis of several varieties. Suffolk Red and Glenora were shown to be progeny of Black Kishmish and not Black Monukka. The advanced selection NY63.0970.07 is a hybrid of Pinot noir, not Gamay, x Chancellor. Vignoles (Ravat 51) is not descended from the reported parentage of Seibel 6905 x Pinot noir. C1 [Bautista, John; Yang, Judy; Stover, Ed] Univ Calif Davis, ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dangl, Gerald S.] Univ Calif Davis, Plant Identificat Lab, Fdn Plant Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reisch, Bruce] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ed.stover@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 348ZB UT WOS:000259247500003 ER PT J AU Cousins, P Boyden, L AF Cousins, Peter Boyden, Laurie TI Allelic relationship of root-knot nematode resistance genes in a Vitis nesbittiana population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter; Boyden, Laurie] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM peter.cousins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 338A EP 338A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 348ZB UT WOS:000259247500050 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Lee, J Spayd, SE Seagael, CF AF Tarara, Julie M. Lee, Jungmin Spayd, Sara E. Seagael, Carolyn F. TI Field temperature and anthocyanins in Merlot grape berries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tarara, Julie M.; Lee, Jungmin; Spayd, Sara E.; Seagael, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 346A EP 346A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 348ZB UT WOS:000259247500081 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L AF Cadle-Davidson, Lance TI Monitoring Pathogenesis of Natural Botrytis cinerea Infections in Developing Grape Berries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE real-time PCR; quiescence; latency; disease resistance ID REAL-TIME PCR; VITIS-VINIFERA L; TABLE GRAPES; DISEASE EXPRESSION; STILBENE OXIDASE; GREY MOLD; QUANTIFICATION; LATENCY; PERS.; IDENTIFICATION AB Quiescent infections play key roles in Botrylis cinerea pathogenesis and in the management of Botrytis bunch rot oil Vitis spp. An improved understanding of the biology of quiescence and identification of resistant germplasm Could result in improved disease management. In 2004 and 2005, two methods were applied to monitor quiescence and activation of natural B. cinerea infections on 32 genotypes of Vitis spp. and interspecific hybrids. In addition to the standard assay for early detection of B. cinerea, based on tissue freezing and incubation, a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed and tested. Based oil Taqman chemistry, this qPCR assay quantified as little as 3.2 pg of B. cinerea DNA accurately, with a detection limit of 100 fg, and did not amplify grape DNA. The qPCR and freezing assays detected infection levels of B. cinerea in both 2004 and 2005 appropriate to the actual disease severity (22.5% and 1.0% bunch rot, respectively). Grape genotypes varied in their resistance to infection, degree of colonization, and severity of disease. qPCR was not as effective as the freezing assay for detecting infection at early stages of development but was able to quantify fungal colonization, resulting in a new capability for monitoring B. cinerea pathogenesis over time. The combined ability of the two assays to detect B. cinerea early in berry development and monitor colonization provides a resource for informing disease management decisions and for identifying mechanisms of disease resistance. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM lance.CadleDavidson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1910-21220002-00D] FX Funding for the project was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 1910-21220002-00D at the Grape Genetics Research Unit, USDA-CSREES Viticulture Consortium-East, and the New York Wine and Grape Foundation. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 4 BP 387 EP 395 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 384FC UT WOS:000261728700004 ER PT J AU Stover, E Riaz, S Walker, MA AF Stover, Ed Riaz, Summaira Walker, M. Andrew TI PCR Screening for Xylella fastidiosa in Grape Genebank Accessions Collected in the Southeastern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE genebank; glassy-winged sharpshooter; Pierce's disease; Xylella fastidiosa ID PIERCES-DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; VINEYARD AB The National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Davis, California (CA) maintains the United States collection of warm-climate grapes in a field genebank in Winters, CA. This collection includes numerous accessions that are highly susceptible to Pierce's disease (PD) as well as many PD-tolerant accessions that are native to the Southeastern United States. If the glassy-winged sharpshooter became established in the Winters area, then reservoirs of the PD causal agent Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) within the collection Would provide abundant inoculum for the rapid spread of Xf throughout the genebank. Therefore, PCR screening for Xf was conducted using a primer pair that is genome sequence specific to Xf and is reported to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to all Xf strains that have been tested. Basal leaf petioles were collected from 60 different accessions in the NCGR representing a broad cross section of taxa and periods of time since collection in the region where Xf is endemic. Only Chardonnay previously inoculated was found positive for presence of Xf. It is concluded that NCGR grape accessions collected as budwood in the southeastern United States, where Xf and PD are endemic, are not a significant reservoir of Xf. There appears to be no reason for removing these vines if GWSS Populations become established in the area surrounding the genebank. C1 [Stover, Ed] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riaz, Summaira; Walker, M. Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ed.stover@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 4 BP 437 EP 439 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 384FC UT WOS:000261728700012 ER PT J AU Cullen, KW Thompson, D AF Cullen, Karen Weber Thompson, Debbe TI Feasibility of an 8-week African American web-based pilot program promoting healthy eating behaviors: Family eats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE nutrition behavior change program; web-based intervention; log-on rates; African American; family ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; WEIGHT-LOSS; OUTCOME EVALUATION; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; DIETARY BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ENERGY-DENSITY; UNITED-STATES; INTERVENTION AB Objectives: To assess log-on rates and change in mediating variables achieved from a web-based nutrition intervention for African American families. Methods: A parent and 9- to 12- year-old daughter (n=67 families) completed questionnaires measuring dietary change mediating variables. Results: Overall log-on rate was 59%. Significant positive changes were noted in mother-reported menu planning, self-efficacy, fruit/vegetable availability self-efficacy, modifying meat-fat practices, substitution fat practices, and healthy restaurant selection, and daughter-reported parent modeling of eating fruit and vegetables. Conclusion: Am Internet-delivered nutrition intervention for families was successful in achieving change in some mediating variables, with modest log-on rates. Future research should investigate impact on dietary behaviors. C1 [Cullen, Karen Weber] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-088827] NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 251MT UT WOS:000252378400004 PM 18021032 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Buday, R Thompson, DI Baranowski, J AF Baranowski, Tom Buday, Richard Thompson, Debbe I. Baranowski, Janice TI Playing for real - Video games and stories for health-related behavior change SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PROMOTING PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN; OBESITY PREVENTION; OUTCOME EVALUATION; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COMPUTER GAMES; ADOLESCENTS; EXERCISE; FUN AB Background: Video games provide extensive player involvement for large numbers of children and adults, and thereby provide a channel for delivering health behavior change experiences and messages in an engaging and entertaining format. Method: Twenty-seven articles were identified on 25 video games that promoted health-related behavior change through December 2006. Results: Most of the articles demonstrated positive health-related changes from playing the video games. Variability in what was reported about the games and measures employed precluded systematically relating characteristics of the games to outcomes. Many of these games merged the immersive, attention-maintaining properties of stories and fantasy, the engaging properties of interactivity, and behavior-change technology (e.g., tailored messages, goal setting). Stories in video games allow for modeling, vicarious identifying experiences, and learning a story's "moral," among other change possibilities. Conclusions: Research is needed on the optimal use of game-based stories, fantasy, interactivity, and behavior change technology in promoting health-related behavior change. C1 [Baranowski, Tom; Thompson, Debbe I.; Baranowski, Janice] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Buday, Richard] Archimage Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Room 2038, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U44 DK066724, U44 DK066724-03, 5 U44 DK66724-01] NR 73 TC 245 Z9 246 U1 14 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.027 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 246BY UT WOS:000251983700011 PM 18083454 ER PT J AU Bur, MT Stapanian, MA Bernhardt, G Turner, MW AF Bur, Michael T. Stapanian, Martin A. Bernhardt, Glen Turner, Mark W. TI Fall diets of red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of Western Lake Erie SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PREY; PREDATION; FISH; CONSUMPTION; BLUEGILLS; BEHAVIOR; OVERLAP; GROWTH AB Although published studies indicate the contrary, there is concern among many sport anglers that migrating red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and other waterbirds pose a competitive threat to sport fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Eric. We quantified the diet of autumn-migrant mergansers and walleye during 1998-2000 in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie. We hypothesized that the diets of both predators would be similar in species composition, but because of different foraging ecologies their diets would differ markedly in size of prey consumed. In addition to predator samples, we used trawl data from the same general area as an index of prey availability. We found that mergansers fed almost exclusively on fish (nine species). Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner (Notrapis atherinoides) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Walleye fed exclusively on fish: gizzard shad, alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and emerald shiner were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Diet overlap between mergansers and walleye was 67% by weight and 66% by species frequency. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby found in walleye stomachs exceeded those captured in trawls by 47%, on average. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby were greater in walleye stomachs than in merganser stomachs. Mean total lengths of emerald shiner and round goby were less in merganser stomachs than in trawls. Our results suggest that although the diets of walleye and mergansers overlapped considerably, mergansers generally consumed smaller fish than walleye. Given the abundance and diversity of prey species available, and the transient nature of mergansers on Lake Eric during migration, we conclude that competition for food between these species is minimal. C1 [Bur, Michael T.; Stapanian, Martin A.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Bernhardt, Glen] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Turner, Mark W.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Bur, MT (reprint author), Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn,6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mbur@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900013 ER PT J AU Safratowich, B Linz, GM Bleier, WH Homan, HJ AF Safratowich, Bryan Linz, George M. Bleier, William H. Homan, H. Jeffrey TI Avian use of rural roadsides with Cattail (Typha spp.) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID IOWA ROWCROP FIELDS; GRASSLAND BIRDS; NEST DENSITY; SUCCESS; ABUNDANCE; ADJACENT; PRAIRIE AB We surveyed 30 roadsides in North Dakota's Prairie Pothole Region for birds and active nests between May and july 2001-2002. Each roadside transect was 1608 m and had >= 200 linear meters of standing cattail (Typha spp.). We recorded 45 bird species; four species of Icteridae dominated the avifauna. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were both the most abundant species and most abundant nester, averaging 53 birds/10 ha (SE = 7.7) and 30 nests/10 ha (sE = 9.7). Among non-icterid species, song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) ranked first and second consecutively in 2001 and 2002. Canonical correspondence analyses of species compositions indicated that species abundance was related to two roadside variables, length and water depth of cattail stands. Cattails added habitat diversity and acceptable conditions for wetland-dwelling avian species not typically found in rural roadsides outside of the Prairie Pothole Region. We documented use of roadsides by three species of grassland birds of national or regional conservation concern. Roadsides in North Dakota, although dominated mostly by generalist bird species with edge tolerance, may have some management potential for area-dependent grassland birds. C1 [Linz, George M.; Homan, H. Jeffrey] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS WS, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Safratowich, Bryan; Bleier, William H.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Homan, HJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS WS, Great Pl Field Stn,2110 Miriam Circle, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM jeffrey.homan@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[162:AUORRW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900014 ER PT J AU Goenaga-Infante, H Sturgeon, R Turner, J Hearn, R Sargent, M Maxwell, P Yang, L Barzev, A Pedrero, Z Camara, C Huerta, VD Sanchez, MLF Sanz-Medel, A Emese, K Fodor, P Wolf, W Goldschmidt, R Vacchina, V Szpunar, J Valiente, L Huertas, R Labarraque, G Davis, C Zeisler, R Turk, G Rizzio, E Mackay, LG Myors, RB Saxby, DL Askew, S Chao, W Jun, W AF Goenaga-Infante, H. Sturgeon, R. Turner, J. Hearn, R. Sargent, M. Maxwell, P. Yang, L. Barzev, A. Pedrero, Z. Camara, C. Diaz Huerta, V. Fernandez Sanchez, M. L. Sanz-Medel, A. Emese, K. Fodor, P. Wolf, W. Goldschmidt, R. Vacchina, V. Szpunar, J. Valiente, L. Huertas, R. Labarraque, G. Davis, C. Zeisler, R. Turk, G. Rizzio, E. Mackay, L. G. Myors, R. B. Saxby, D. L. Askew, S. Chao, W. Jun, W. TI Total selenium and selenomethionine in pharmaceutical yeast tablets: assessment of the state of the art of measurement capabilities through international intercomparison CCQM-P86 SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pilot study CCQM-P86; pharmaceutical tablets; selenised-yeast supplements; selenomethionine; total selenium; isotope dilution mass spectrometry ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; METHIONINE; STABILITY; SUPPLEMENTS; PROTEINS; HPLC AB Results of an international intercomparison study (CCQM-P86) to assess the analytical capabilities of national metrology institutes (NMIs) and selected expert laboratories worldwide to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of selenomethionine (SeMet) and total Se in pharmaceutical tablets of selenised-yeast supplements (produced by Pharma Nord, Denmark) are presented. The study, jointly coordinated by LGC Ltd., UK, and the Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), was conducted under the auspices of the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) Inorganic Analysis Working Group and involved 15 laboratories (from 12 countries), of which ten were NMIs. Apart from a protocol for determination of moisture content and the provision of the certified reference material (CRM) SELM-1 to be used as the quality control sample, no sample preparation/extraction method was prescribed. A variety of approaches was thus used, including single-step and multiple-step enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic probe sonication and hydrolysis with methanesulfonic acid for SeMet, as well as microwave-assisted acid digestion and enzymatic probe sonication for total Se. For total Se, detection techniques included inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) with external calibration, standard additions or isotope dilution MS (IDMS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry , flame atomic absorption spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. For determination of SeMet in the tablets, five NMIs and three academic/institute laboratories (of a total of five) relied upon measurements using IDMS. For species-specific IDMS measurements, an isotopically enriched standard of SeMet (Se-76-enriched SeMet) was made available. A novel aspect of this study relies on the approach used to distinguish any errors which arise during analysis of a SeMet calibration solution from those which occur during analysis of the matrix. To help those participants undertaking SeMet analysis to do this, a blind sample in the form of a standard solution of natural abundance SeMet in 0.1 M HCl (with an expected value of 956 mg kg(-1) SeMet) was provided. Both high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS or gas chromatography (GC)-ICP-MS and GC-MS techniques were used for quantitation of SeMet. Several advances in analytical methods for determination of SeMet were identified, including the combined use of double IDMS with HPLC-ICP-MS following extraction with methanesulfonic acid and simplified two-step enzymatic hydrolysis with protease/lipase/driselase followed by HPLC-ICP-IDMS, both using a species-specific IDMS approach. Overall, satisfactory agreement amongst participants was achieved; results averaged 337.6 mg kg(-1) (n=13, with a standard deviation of 9.7 mg kg(-1)) and 561.5 mg kg(-1)(n=11, with a standard deviation of 44.3 mg kg(-1)) with median values of 337.6 and 575.0 mg kg(-1) for total Se and SeMet, respectively. Recovery of SeMet from SELM-1 averaged 95.0% (n=9). The ability of NMIs and expert laboratories worldwide to deliver accurate results for total Se and SeMet in such materials (selensied-yeast tablets containing approximately 300 mg kg(-1) Se) with 10% expanded uncertainty was demonstrated. The problems addressed in achieving accurate quantitation of SeMet in this product are representative of those encountered with a wide range of organometallic species in a number of common matrices. C1 [Goenaga-Infante, H.; Turner, J.; Hearn, R.; Sargent, M.] LGC Ltd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Sturgeon, R.; Maxwell, P.; Yang, L.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Barzev, A.] CSIR, Natl Metrol Lab, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Pedrero, Z.; Camara, C.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Diaz Huerta, V.; Fernandez Sanchez, M. L.; Sanz-Medel, A.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Emese, K.; Fodor, P.] Cornivus Univ Budapest, Dept Appl Chem, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. [Wolf, W.; Goldschmidt, R.] USDA, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vacchina, V.; Szpunar, J.] CNRS, Grp Bioinorgan Analyt Chem, UMR 5034, F-64053 Pau, France. [Valiente, L.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, RA-1650 San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Huertas, R.] Lab Tecnol Uruguay, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay. [Labarraque, G.] Lab Natl Essais, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Davis, C.; Zeisler, R.; Turk, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rizzio, E.] Univ Pavia, Dept Gen Chem, Unit Radiochem & Spect, Natl Inst Metrol Res, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Mackay, L. G.; Myors, R. B.; Saxby, D. L.; Askew, S.] Natl Measurement Inst, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia. [Chao, W.; Jun, W.] Natl Inst Metrol PR China, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Goenaga-Infante, H (reprint author), LGC Ltd, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. EM heidi.goenaga-infante@lgc.co.uk RI Fernandez-Sanchez, Maria Luisa/G-2544-2016; Pedrero Zayas, Zoyne/A-6114-2015; OI Maxwell, Paulette/0000-0002-5817-9360; Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503; Sanz Medel, Alfredo/0000-0003-2899-1347; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1654-8 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 248QW UT WOS:000252170400020 PM 17938894 ER PT J AU Greshock, TJ Grubbs, AW Jiao, P Wicklow, DT Gloer, JB Williams, RM AF Greshock, Thomas J. Grubbs, Alan W. Jiao, Ping Wicklow, Donald T. Gloer, James B. Williams, Robert M. TI Isolation, structure elucidation, and biomimetic total synthesis of versicolamide B, and the isolation of antipodal (-)-stephacidin A and (+)-notoamide B from Aspergillus versicolor NRRL 35600 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biomimetic synthesis; Diels-Alder reaction; indoles; natural products; structure elucidation ID ENANTIOSELECTIVE TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; DIELS-ALDER CYCLOADDITION; MARINE-DERIVED FUNGUS; FUNGICOLOUS ISOLATE; STEPHACIDIN-A; CONCISE SYNTHESIS; RING-SYSTEM; BIOSYNTHESIS; PARAHERQUAMIDE; AVRAINVILLAMIDE C1 [Greshock, Thomas J.; Grubbs, Alan W.; Williams, Robert M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jiao, Ping; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Canc, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Williams, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rmw@lamar.colostate.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA070375-12, R01 CA070375-10, R01 CA070375, CA70375, R01 CA070375-09A1, R01 CA070375-13, R01 CA070375-11]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60600] NR 34 TC 158 Z9 157 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 19 BP 3573 EP 3577 DI 10.1002/anie.200800106 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 296FY UT WOS:000255530100018 PM 18389509 ER PT S AU Bokma, BH Gibbs, EPJ Aguirre, AA Kaplan, B AF Bokma, Bob Henry Gibbs, Edward Paul Johnson Aguirre, Alfredo Alonso Kaplan, Bruce BE Sparagano, OAE Maillard, JC Figueroa, JV TI A Resolution by the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine in Support of "One Health" SO Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases - Prediction and Prevention CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO SP Soc Tropical Med DE One Health; One Medicine; conservation medicine; ecological health; tropical veterinary medicine AB At its ninth biennial conference, the membership of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM) adopted a resolution in support of "One Health," an initiative that promotes collaboration between veterinary and human medical professionals and allied health scientists. The resolution is published on the website of the STVM and has been shared with related veterinary medical and medical associations and societies. C1 [Bokma, Bob Henry] Natl Ctr Import & Export, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Gibbs, Edward Paul Johnson] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. [Aguirre, Alfredo Alonso] Columbia Univ, Wildlife Trust, New York, NY USA. RP Bokma, BH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Import & Export, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 40, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Bob.H.Bokma@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-714-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1149 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1196/annals.1428.053 PG 5 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BIS01 UT WOS:000262400000002 PM 19120162 ER PT S AU Wilkowskya, S Farber, M Gil, G Echaide, I Mosqueda, J Alcaraz, E Suarez, CE Florin-Christensen, M AF Wilkowskya, Silvina Farber, M. Gil, G. Echaide, I. Mosqueda, J. Alcaraz, E. Suarez, C. E. Florin-Christensen, M. BE Sparagano, OAE Maillard, JC Figueroa, JV TI Molecular Characterization of Babesia bovis Strains Using PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the msa2-a/b Genes SO Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases - Prediction and Prevention CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO SP Soc Tropical Med DE Babesia bovis; merozoite surface antigen 2; strain characterization; PCR restriction analysis ID PROTEINS; EPITOPES AB The merozoite surface antigen-2 (msa-2) family of Babesia bovis is a group of variable genes that share conserved 5' and 3' ends and encode for membrane-anchored glycoproteins that have been postulated as vaccine candidates. In this work, we analyzed the sequences of three of these genes (msa-2a1, a2, and 2b) from two geographically distant strains and detected a certain degree of genotypic diversity that could be exploited to work out new molecular tools for the discrimination of B. bovis field samples. Here we describe a PCR restriction assay that was developed based on this observation and tested on several B. bovis strains and isolates. The results show a strain-specific band pattern in geographically distant isolates, indicating the presence of differentially located BspMI restriction sites. This approach provides a simple method for the differentiation of American B. bovis strains. C1 [Wilkowskya, Silvina; Farber, M.; Gil, G.; Florin-Christensen, M.] INTA, CICVyA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Mosqueda, J.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agricolas & Pecuarias, Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinaria & Parasitol Vet, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Alcaraz, E.] INTA, Estac Expt Agropecuaria Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina. [Suarez, C. E.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. RP Florin-Christensen, M (reprint author), INTA, CICVyA, Los Rescros Cabanas 1712, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mflorin@cnia.inta.gov.ar NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-714-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1149 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1196/annals.1428.074 PG 4 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BIS01 UT WOS:000262400000033 PM 19120193 ER PT S AU George, JE AF George, John E. BE Sparagano, OAE Maillard, JC Figueroa, JV TI The Effects of Global Change on the Threat of Exotic Arthropods and Arthropod-borne Pathogens to Livestock in the United States SO Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases - Prediction and Prevention CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO SP Soc Tropical Med DE global change; emerging disease; conservation medicine; ecological health; climate; arthropod-borne; zoonosis; Diptera; tick ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; VECTOR-BORNE; DISEASES; ENCEPHALITIS; EMERGENCE; IMPACTS; HEALTH AB Arthropod-borne diseases are an important part of the group of foreign animal diseases that command attention from federal, state, and local animal health authorities in the United States because of the potential for adverse local and regional animal health impacts and also because of possible losses of export markets. Diseases of concern are listed by the US Animal Health Association and also by the Office International des Epizooties. Global change is causing the emergence of newly recognized diseases and altering enzootic and epizootic circumstances for known disease problems. Selected examples of arthropod-borne diseases of importance are discussed in terms of their potential for introduction, spread, and impact on livestock and human health in the United States. C1 ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP George, JE (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM john.george@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-714-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1149 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1196/annals.1428.084 PG 6 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BIS01 UT WOS:000262400000063 PM 19120223 ER PT J AU Chitko-McKown, CG Leonard, JC Moscatello, D Miller, LC Freking, BA AF Chitko-McKown, C. G. Leonard, J. C. Moscatello, D. Miller, Laura C. Freking, B. A. TI Development of cell lines from the sheep used to construct the CHORI-243 ovine BAC library SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroblast; karyotype; Ovis aries; smooth muscle ID CHROMOSOMES AB Two cell lines, designated MARC.OVSM, and MARC.OKF, were initiated from the aorta and kidney, respectively, obtained from the Texel ram used to make the CHORI-243 Ovine BAC library. These cell lines have been submitted to the NIA Aging Cell Repository at the Coriell Cell Respositories, Camden, NJ, USA, and will be made publicly available. C1 [Chitko-McKown, C. G.; Miller, Laura C.; Freking, B. A.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Leonard, J. C.; Moscatello, D.] Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. [Miller, Laura C.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Chitko-McKown, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Carol.ChitkoMcKown@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 FU NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-0-2101] NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1080/10495390801967684 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 292NK UT WOS:000255273200003 PM 18432399 ER PT S AU Lillehoj, HS Hong, Y Kim, C AF Lillehoj, H. S. Hong, Y. Kim, C. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Quantitative Genetic and Functional Genomics Approaches to Investigating Parasite Disease Resistance and Protective Immune Mechanisms in Avian Coccidiosis SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE chicken; Eimeria; QTL; microarray; disease ID TRAIT LOCI; CHICKENS; EIMERIA AB A major challenge for the commercial poultry production is controlling enteric disease causing pathogens in the absence of prophylactic drugs. Although traditional genetic approaches have contributed to enhanced efficiency of poultry production and increased the ability of the industry to provide safe, high quality, and low cost meat products to consumers, economic losses due to enteric diseases remains a significant problem. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative control strategies against poultry enteric pathogens of economic importance. Recent advances in molecular genetics and functional genomics are now allowing for rapid progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease resistance against major infectious agents of poultry. It is anticipated that identifying the nature of host-pathogen interactions will facilitate the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. In this paper, recent progress in identifying genes that influence resistance to avian coccidiosis, the most economically important disease of poultry, will be discussed. This work provides an excellent example of how the integration of new molecular genetic and functional genomics tools increases our knowledge of the mechanism of genetic resistance to complex diseases. C1 [Lillehoj, H. S.; Hong, Y.; Kim, C.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200007 PM 18817287 ER PT S AU Neill, JD Ridpath, JF Lange, A Zuerner, RL AF Neill, J. D. Ridpath, J. F. Lange, A. Zuerner, R. L. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection Alters Global Transcription Profiles in Bovine Endothelial Cells SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE serial analysis; gene expression; inflammation; cell culture contamination; endothelial activation ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SERIAL ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; DISEASE; LINES AB Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) are significant pathogens of cattle worldwide. These viruses exist in both non-cytopathic and cytopathic biotypes. Non-cytopathic BVDV can establish persistent lifelong infections in cattle and are a frequent contaminant of biological reagents such as cell cultures and foetal bovine serum. We identified commercially available bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) contaminated with BVDV. In this study, to determine if BVDV alters endothelial gene transcription patterns, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used to compare gene expression profiles from uninfected and BVDV contaminated BAEC. SAGE is an open ended, quantitative method for characterizing global patterns of transcription. Comparison of expression profiles of BVDV-contaminated and noninfected cells revealed significant increases in the transcription of many genes including P-selectin, tryptophan tRNA synthetase and prostaglandin D2 synthase. These changes were validated by real-time PCR. Additionally, real-time PCR demonstrated that the response to LPS and dsRNA by contaminated cells, as well as cells acutely infected with noncytopathic BVDV, is altered. The altered response may be through the high level of expression of A20 and Inhibition of activation of NF-kappa B. BAECs are commonly used as a model to study endothelial cell function In many different systems. As shown here, transcriptional and probable protein changes resulting from BVDV infection significantly alter cellular responses and may have a profound impacton experimental outcome. Transcriptomic analysis provided the initial clues leading to the characterization of this altered function. C1 [Neill, J. D.; Ridpath, J. F.] USDA ARS, VPDRLU, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Neill, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, VPDRLU, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.neill@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200010 PM 18817290 ER PT S AU Guerrero, FD Wang, M Nene, VM Dowd, SE Saldivar, L AF Guerrero, F. D. Wang, M. Nene, V. M. Dowd, S. E. Saldivar, L. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI EST-based Gene Indices for the Cattle Fever Tick, the Horn Fly, and the Screwworm Fly SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE ESTs; gene index; G protein-coupled receptors; GO terms ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; LIVESTOCK; RNA AB The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, and the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, are economically important parasites of cattle throughout the world. Understanding the biology and genomics of these pests is critical to developing novel control methods. We developed EST sequence databases for these parasites and used bioinformatic analysis to identify conceptual open reading frames and assigned Gene Ontology (GO) terms to those database transcripts that had informative BlastX hits. Bioinformatic analysis showed that a large fraction of the tick database entries have no clear matches in other sequenced genomes. Several putative tick G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)were identified that might serve as starting points to develop novel control technologies. C1 [Guerrero, F. D.; Saldivar, L.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200013 PM 18817293 ER PT S AU Kim, CH Lillehoj, HS Hong, YH Keeler, CL AF Kim, C. H. Lillehoj, H. S. Hong, Y. H. Keeler, C. L., Jr. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Comparison of Transcriptional Changes Associated with E-acervulina and E-maxima Infections using cDNA Microarray Technology SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE Eimeria; cDNA microarray; coccidiosis; mucosal immunity; chicken ID LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; SEQUENCE; COCCIDIOSIS; RESPONSES; CHICKENS AB Enhanced understanding of host-pathogen interactions at local sites of infection will extend our knowledge of disease pathogenesis and will facilitate the development of novel preventive methodologies against many infectious diseases of economic importance. In the current study, a 9.6K avian intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte cDNA microarray (AVIELA) was developed to compare the local transcriptional profiles following primary and secondary infections with two major Eimeria parasites, F. acervulina (EA) and E. maxima (EM), which infect the intestinal duodenum and jejunum, respectively. Gene Ontology analyses showed that EA infection primarily induced genes associated with lipid metabolism and intracellular trafficking whereas EM infection upregulated the genes involved in protein biosynthesis and metabolism, and downregulated apoptosis related genes. Following primary EA infection, there was a significantly enhanced expression of genes involved in the signal pathway of T cell activation and cytoskeletal regulation. Thus, the AVIELA array provides a valuable tool for investigating host-pathogen interactions in avian coccidiosis and allows for the comparison of the transcriptional regulations induced by species of Eimeria that infect different areas of the intestine. C1 [Kim, C. H.; Lillehoj, H. S.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200014 PM 18817294 ER PT S AU Kim, DK Hong, YH Park, DW Lamont, SJ Lillehoj, HS AF Kim, D. K. Hong, Y. H. Park, D. W. Lamont, S. J. Lillehoj, H. S. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Differential Immune-related Gene Expression in Two Genetically Disparate Chicken Lines during Infection by Eimeria maxima SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE Eimeria maxima; chicken; infection; gene expression ID COCCIDIOSIS; RESPONSES; TENELLA; PCR AB Two M5.1 and M15.2 B complex congenic lines of Fayoumi chickens were evaluated for body weight loss and faecal oocyst counts as parameters of avian coccidiosis. M5.1 chickens exhibited resistance to E maxima compared with M15.2. To correlate the differential responses of the M5.1 and M15.2 lines to E. maxima infection with cellular immune responses, the expression levels of mRNAs encoding 14 immune-related molecules were measured by quantitative RT-PCR in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and splenocytes at 0, 3, 4, and 5 days following parasite infection. Intestinal IELs from M5.1 chickens expressed higher levels of transcripts encoding interferon gamma (IFNG), interleukin-1 beta (IL.1a), IL6, IL8, IL12, IL15, IL17A, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis alpha factor(LITAF), and lower levels of mRNAs for IFNA, IL10, IL17D, NK-lysin (NKL), and tumour necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) at 3 days post infection, compared with the M15.2 line. In the spleen, E. maxima infection was associated with higher expression levels of IFNA, and IL15 and lower levels of IL6, IL17D, and IL12 in M5.1 compared to M15.2 birds. Using an intestinal IEL cDNA microarray, the differential dynamics of gene expression in the gut of M5.1 and M15.2 chickens following experimental coccidiosis were evident. In particular, the genes encoding lymphotactin and parathymosin were expressed at significantly higher levels in M5.1 compared with M15.2 line chickens, In conclusion, genetic determinants within the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) B complex influence resistance to E. maxima infection by controlling the local and systemic expression of immune-related cytokine and chemokine genes. C1 [Kim, D. K.; Hong, Y. H.; Park, D. W.; Lillehoj, H. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200015 PM 18817295 ER PT S AU Miller, LC Harhay, GP Lager, KM Smith, TPL Neill, JD AF Miller, L. C. Harhay, G. P. Lager, K. M. Smith, T. P. L. Neill, J. D. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Effect of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Function as Determined Using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE SAGE; PRRSV; alveolar macrophages ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; PCR AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen of swine worldwide and causes considerable economic loss. The main target of infection is the porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM). Infection of PAMs by PRRSV causes significant changes in their function by mechanisms that are not understood. We have employed Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to examine the global expression of genes in PRRSV-infected PAMs. Total cellular RNA was prepared from in vitro mock-infected and PRRSV strain VR-2332-infected PAMs at 0, 6, 12, 16 and 24 hours after infection, and subjected to SAGE analysis to obtain > 100,000 tags per time point. These sequences were processed to account for sequencing error before generating tag:count lists. These lists were deposited into a modified Identitag database for mapping to porcine and PRRSV genes. Identified unique mRNA tags were analyzed for their identity and relative abundance. Examination of the SAGE data indicated that there were changes in gene expression occurring in the PRRSV-infected PAMs overtime post-infection. More than 400 unique tags with significantly altered expression levels were identified (p < 0.01 with Bonferroni correction). The validity and kinetics of expression of SAGE identified genes were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. C1 [Miller, L. C.] Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM laura.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200019 PM 18817299 ER PT S AU Sarmento, L Pantin-Jackwood, M Kapczynski, DR Swayne, DE Afonso, CL AF Sarmento, L. Pantin-Jackwood, M. Kapczynski, D. R. Swayne, D. E. Afonso, C. L. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Immediate Early Responses of Avian Tracheal Epithelial Cells to Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE avian influenza; microarrays; epithelial cell ID APOPTOSIS; SIVA-1; PATHOBIOLOGY; POULTRY; MOUSE; BIND; CD27 AB Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) present an ongoing threat to the world poultry industry. In order to develop new AN control strategies it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanism of viral infection at mucosal respiratory sites. Chicken and duck tracheal epithelial cells systems (TEC) were developed to study early host responses to AN infection on TEC. Infection of 2 week-old chickens and ducks with the highly pathogenic AN H5N1 Ck/Hong Kong/220/97 and Egret/Hong Kong/757.2/02 viruses together with TEC early responses to infection suggest the induction of differential innate immune responses. Growth curves indicated that although chicken and ducks TEC supported viral replication and re-infection, the capacity of the two viruses to replicate was not equal. A 42K probes chicken microarray system used to characterize differences in gene expression between chicken tracheal epithelial cells infected with these two highly pathogenic AN identified expression of virus-specific molecular markers. The existence of dissimilar patterns of host gene expression as early as six hours post infection suggests that the differential growth characteristics of the two highly pathogenic AN in tracheal epithelial cells is preceded by distinct host responses. C1 [Afonso, C. L.] ARS, SEPRL, USDA, SAA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, SEPRL, USDA, SAA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200020 PM 18817300 ER PT S AU Liu, GE Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Li, RW Alexander, LJ Keele, JW Matukumalli, LK Smith, TP Gasbarre, LC AF Liu, G. E. Van Tassell, C. P. Sonstegard, T. S. Li, R. W. Alexander, L. J. Keele, J. W. Matukumalli, L. K. Smith, T. P. Gasbarre, L. C. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Detection of Germline and Somatic Copy Number Variations in Cattle SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE copy number variation (CNV); array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH); cattle genome; structural variants ID HUMAN GENOME; POLYMORPHISM; MAP AB As a complement to the Bovine HapMap Consortium project, we initiated a systematic study of the copy number variation (CNV)within the same cattle population using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Oligonucleotide CGH arrays were designed and fabricated to cover all chromosomes with an average interval of 6 kb using the latest bovine genome assembly. In the initial screening, three Holstein bulls were selected to represent major paternal lineages of the Holstein breed with some maternal linkages between these lines. Dual-label hybridizations were performed using either Hereford L1 Dominette 0 1449 or L1 Domino 99375 as reference. The CNVs were represented by gains and losses of normalized fluorescence intensities relative to the reference. The data presented here, for the first time, demonstrated that significant amounts of germline and fewer somatic CNVs exist in cattle, that many CNVs are common both across diverse cattle breeds and among individuals within a breed, and that array CGH is an effective tool to systematically detect bovine CNV. Selected CNVs have been confirmed by independent methods using real-time (RT) PCR. The strategy used in this study, based on genome higher-order architecture variation, is a powerful approach to generating resources for the identification of novel genomic variation and candidate genes for economically important traits. C1 [Liu, G. E.; Van Tassell, C. P.; Sonstegard, T. S.; Li, R. W.; Matukumalli, L. K.; Gasbarre, L. C.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, Bldg 200,Room 124B,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Liu@ars.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200027 PM 18817307 ER PT S AU Thallman, RM Kuehn, LA Allan, MF Bennett, GL Koohmaraie, M AF Thallman, R. M. Kuehn, L. A. Allan, M. F. Bennett, G. L. Koohmaraie, M. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Opportunities for Collaborative Phenotyping for Disease Resistance Traits in a Large Beef Cattle Resource Population SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE Disease resistance; phenotypes; beef cattle AB The Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Project at the US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) is planned to produce about 3,000 calves per year in support of the following objectives: identification and validation of genetic polymorphisms related to economically relevant traits (ERT), estimation of breed and heterosis effects among 16 breeds for ERT, and estimation of genetic correlations among ERT and physiological indicator traits (PIT). Opportunities exist for collaboration in the development and collection of PIT phenotypes for disease resistance. Other areas of potential collaboration include detailed diagnosis (identification of disease causing organisms, etc.) of treated animals, collaborative development of epidemiological statistical models that would extract more information from the records of diagnoses and treatments, or pharmacogenetics. Concentrating a variety of different phenotypes and research approaches on the same population makes each component much more valuable than it would be individually. C1 [Thallman, R. M.; Kuehn, L. A.; Allan, M. F.; Bennett, G. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Thallman, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Mark.Thallman@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 327 EP 330 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200041 PM 18817321 ER PT S AU Cheng, H Niikura, M Kim, T Mao, W MacLea, KS Hunt, H Dodgson, J Burnside, J Morgan, R Ouyang, M Lamont, S DekkerS, J Fulton, J Soller, M Muir, W AF Cheng, H. Niikura, M. Kim, T. Mao, W. MacLea, K. S. Hunt, H. Dodgson, J. Burnside, J. Morgan, R. Ouyang, M. Lamont, S. Dekkers, J. Fulton, J. Soller, M. Muir, W. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Using Integrative Genomics to Elucidate Genetic Resistance to Marek's Disease in Chickens SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE genomics; QTL; DNA microarray; protein interactions; disease; virus; chicken ID AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; UNIQUE; SCREEN; MAP AB While rearing birds in confinement and at high density are very successful practices for producing poultry meat and eggs, these conditions may promote the spread of infectious diseases. Consequently, the poultry industry places great emphasis on disease control measures, primarily at the animal husbandry level. The field of genomics offers great promise to complement these current control measures by providing information on the molecular basis for disease, disease resistance, and vaccinal immunity. This briefly summarizes some of our efforts to apply several genomic and functional genomics approaches to identify genes and pathways that confer genetic resistance to Marek's disease (MD), a herpesvirus-induced T cell lymphoma of chickens. By utilizing the "top-down" approach of QTL to identify genomics regions, and integrating it with "bottom-up" approaches of transcript profiling and Marek's disease virus (MDV)-chicken proteinprotein interactions, three genes that confer resistance to MD are revealed, plus a number of other positional candidate genes of high confidence. These genes can be further evaluated in poultry breeding programmes to determine if they confer genetic resistance to MD. This integrative genomics strategy can be applied to other infectious diseases. The impact of the genome sequence and other technological advancements are also discussed. C1 [Cheng, H.; Niikura, M.; Kim, T.; Mao, W.; MacLea, K. S.; Hunt, H.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM Hans.Cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200048 PM 18817328 ER PT S AU Li, CJ Elsasser, TH Li, RW AF Li, C. -J. Elsasser, T. H. Li, R. W. BE Pinard, MH Gay, C Pastoret, PP Dodet, B TI Epigenetic Regulation of Genomes: Nutrient-specific Modulation of Genetic Networks in Bovine Cells SO ANIMAL GENOMICS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health CY OCT 25-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, European Anim Dis Genom Network Excellence Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Int Assoc Biol, World Org Anim Hlth DE butyrate; cell cycle; epigenetics; genetic network; ruminant ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BUTYRATE; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; STEERS; TRACT; COLON AB The modern version of epigenetics includes the molecular mechanisms that influence the phenotypic outcome of a gene or genome, in absence of changes to the underlying DNA sequence. A host of genomic interrelationships with the diet evidently exist. The broad topic of nutrigenomics is defined as the interaction between nutrition and an individual's genome. Ruminant species have evolved to metabolize the short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs, acetate, propionate, and butyrate) to fulfill up to 70% of their nutrient energy requirements. The potential biological roles of VFAs were investigated using the established Madin-Darby bovine kidney epithelial cell line. Butyrate induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in bovine cells. Gene expression profiling indicated that butyrate induces many significant changes in the expression of genes associated with regulatory pathways that are critical to cell growth, immune response and signal transduction. Functional category and pathway analyses of the microarray data revealed that several canonical pathways (the cell cycle G2/M DNA damage checkpoint and G1/S checkpoint regulation; pyrimidine metabolism; and purine metabolism insulin-like growth factor axis components) were significantly affected. C1 [Li, C. -J.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 200,Rm 209, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM congjun.li@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-8619-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2008 VL 132 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJA67 UT WOS:000264184200052 PM 18817332 ER PT J AU Rose, LW Das, MK Taliaferro, CM AF Rose, L. W. Das, M. K. Taliaferro, C. M. TI Estimation of genetic variability and heritability for biofuel feedstock yield in several populations of switchgrass SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass yield; genetic gain; heritability; progeny-parent regression; switchgrass ID PANICUM VIRGATUM; FORAGE YIELDS; BAHIAGRASS; UPLAND AB Information on heritability and predicted gains from selection for increased biomass yield for ethanol production in switchgrass is limited and may vary among breeding populations. The purpose of this study was to estimate heritability and predicted gains from selection for higher biomass yield within a lowland ecotype switchgrass population, Southern Lowland 93 (SL-93), and two upland ecotype switchgrass populations, Southern Upland Northern Upland Early Maturing (SNU-EM) and Southern Upland Northern Upland Late Maturing (SNU-LM). Narrow-sense heritabilities (h(n)(2)) for biomass yield in each of the three populations were estimated via progeny-parent regression analysis. Half-sib (HS) progeny families from 130 randomly selected plants from the SL-93 population were evaluated for biomass yield in replicated trials in 2002 and 2003. Clonal parent plants were evaluated for biomass yield in separate environments to provide unbiased h(n)(2) estimates from progeny-parent regression. Yield differences were highly significant among SL-93 HS progenies within and over years. For the SL-93 population, h(n)(2) estimates were 0.13 and 0.12 based on individual plant and phenotypic family mean (PFM) selection, respectively. Predicted genetic gains (Delta G) per selection cycle were 0.15 kg dry matter (dm) plant(-1) and 0.10 kg dm plant(-1) for PFM and individual plant selection methods, respectively. For the SNU-EM and SNU-LM populations, year and year x HS family effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) and the HS family effect over years was nonsignificant (P < 0.05). However, HS family effects were highly significant within respective years (P < 0.01). Estimates of h(n)(2) for the SNU-EM and SNU-LM populations based on PFM and individual plant selection were similar, ranging from 0.44 to 0.47; Delta G per selection cycle ranged from 0.22 to 0.33 kg dm plant(-1). The magnitudes of the estimates of additive genetic variation suggest that selection for higher biomass yield should be possible. The substantial effect of environment on biomass yields in the upland populations and the failure of families to respond similarly over years stress the importance of adequately testing biomass yield over years to assess yield. C1 [Rose, L. W.; Taliaferro, C. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Rose, L. W.] Aon Corp, Impact Forecasting Dept, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. [Das, M. K.] Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rose, LW (reprint author), Aon Corp, Impact Forecasting Dept, 200 E Randolph St,20th Floor, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM lwriv2003@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2008 VL 152 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00186.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 256CH UT WOS:000252704800002 ER PT J AU Gultekin, L Borovec, R Cristofaro, M Smith, L AF Gultekin, L. Borovec, R. Cristofaro, M. Smith, L. TI Broad-nosed weevils feeding on Centaurea solstitialis in Turkey, with a description of the new species Araxia cristofaroi sp n. (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Entiminae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE curculionidae; yellow starthistle; taxonomy; new species; Turkey ID CERATAPION-BASICORNE COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; APIONIDAE; ASTERACEAE; BEHAVIOR AB During exploration for new biological control agents of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae), in eastern Turkey, we observed four species of broad-nosed weevils (subfamily Entiminae) that are newly associated with this plant: Epiphanops persicus (Chevrolat), Eusomomorphus oligops Daniel, Altonomus modestus (Khnzorian), and Araxia cristofaroi sp. n. Host plants of these species are recorded for the first time. Adults of E. persicus feed on young spines of C. solstitialis capitula (flower heads), whereas A. modestus and A. cristofaroi feed on leaves of C. solstitialis rosettes. Large numbers of E. oligops adults were observed feeding on leaves of both C. solstitialis and Russian knapweed, Acroptilon repens (L.). The genus Araxia Khnzorian is transferred from tribe Brachyderini Schoenherr to the tribe Sciaphilini Sharp, and it is redescribed. Female genitalia of this genus were studied and described for the first time. The new species, Araxia cristofaroi sp. n., is described, illustrated, and compared with the only other known Araxia species: A. mucronata Khnzorian. A taxonomic key discriminating the two Araxia species was developed. The new species differs by having claws that are almost equal in length, thinner and longer protibiae, wider antennal scape, more slender rostrum, and shorter body length. A. mucronata is newly recorded for Turkish fauna. C1 [Smith, L.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Gultekin, L.] Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. [Cristofaro, M.] ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[7:BWFOCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253HT UT WOS:000252510000002 ER PT J AU Schuh, RT Weirauch, C Henry, TJ Halbert, SE AF Schuh, Randall T. Weirauch, Christiane Henry, Thomas J. Halbert, Susan E. TI Curaliidae, a new family of Heteroptera (Insecta : Hemiptera) from the Eastern United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Cimicomorpha; Curalium; new genus; phylogenetics ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DATA SETS; CLASSIFICATION; CONGRUENCE AB Curalium cronini, new genus and new species is described on the basis of 16 male specimens from the southeastern United States. The relationships of Curalium are discussed within the context of a phylogenetic analysis for the Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha. Curalium is placed within the Cimicomorpha, primarily on the basis of pretarsal structure, with the ventral arolium being absent and the dorsal arolium existing in the form of a peg-like dorsomedian sensillum. It is further placed in a clade with joppeicidae and Velocipedidae as the sistergroup, of the remaining members of the Cimiciformes, a lineage containing all predatory family-group taxa in the Cimicomorpha other than the Reduvioidea. Curalium uniquely possesses several autapomorphic features, including a collar-like pronotum, novel male genitalia, and enlarged proctiger; other characters which-in combination contribute to its diagnosis include hemispherical eyes, reduced forewing venation, fusiform antennal segments III and IV, and two-segmented tarsi. Because its placement in any existing family would render the diagnosis of that family meaningless, this novel taxon is placed in the Curaliidae, new family. Color images of whole specimens and extensive line drawings and scanning electron micrographs of morphological details are provided. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Weirauch, Christiane] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Halbert, Susan E.] Florida State Collect Arthropods, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM christiane.weirauch@ucr.edu; thenry@sel.bare.usda.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[20:CANFOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253HT UT WOS:000252510000004 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI Body weight and survival of Calosoma sayi (Coleoptera : Carabidae) during laboratory feeding regimes SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Carabidae; Calosoma sayi; Spodoptera frugiperda; food; starvation ID FALL ARMYWORM; GYPSY-MOTH; CALIDUM COLEOPTERA; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; BEETLE; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE; CATERPILLAR AB Laboratory feeding trials were conducted with 40 adult Calosoma sayi DeJean (Coleoptera: Carabidae) over a 19-wk period, by using as food either the larval, prepupal, pupal, or adult stages of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The mean survival period of the beetles maintained on the separate fall armyworm stages was 122 d (larvae), 75 d (prepupae), 57 d (adults), 34 d (pupae), and 31 d (no food). All beetles offered food weighed less at death than at the beginning of the experiment, even though the percentage of gain in body weight during the experiment ranged from 25% (pupae) to 40% (prepupae). Those denied food gained no weight and lost > 19% body weight before death. The only significant difference between the sexes was in the percentage of body weight gained (female, 39%; male 26%). These results are compared with other studies and their significance is discussed. C1 [Young, Orrey P.] USDA ARS, SGIRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM ory2pam@verizon.net NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[104:BWASOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253HT UT WOS:000252510000012 ER PT J AU Habibi, J Coudron, TA Backus, EA Brandt, SL Wagner, RM Wright, MK Huesing, JE AF Habibi, J. Coudron, T. A. Backus, E. A. Brandt, S. L. Wagner, R. M. Wright, M. K. Huesing, J. E. TI Morphology and histology of the alimentary canal of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera : Cimicomoropha : Miridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE light microscopy; histology; morphology; insect midgut; columnar epithelial cells ID DIGESTIVE-SYSTEM; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; ENDOCRINE-CELLS; MIDGUT; ULTRASTRUCTURE; LOCALIZATION; PHYSIOLOGY; HOMOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; SALIVARY AB Microdissection and transverse semithin sections were used to perform a light microscopy survey of the gross morphology and cellular anatomy of the alimentary canal, respectively, of Lygus he hesperus Knight, a key pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and other crops. The gross morphology of the alimentary canal showed a relatively unadorned tube compared with other hemipterans, with variably shaped compartments and one small diverticulum. However, the epithelial cell anatomy of the gut was relatively complex, with the midgut having the most diverse structure and cell types. The midgut was typical of the "Lygus-type gut" seen in the older literature, i.e., it consisted of three major regions, the first (descending), second (ascending), and third (descending) ventriculi, with different variants of three major epithelial cell types in each region. Our light microscopy (LM) study suggests that the three cell types are nondifferentiated regenerative cells (which sparsely occurred throughout the midgut but were abundant in the anterior region of the first ventriculus), endocrine cells, and columnar cells. Although the Lygus gut cells strongly resemble those cell types seen in other insects, their identification should be confirmed via transmission electron microscopy to be considered definitive. These cell types differed in the size and opacity of vesicles, geometry of cell surface in the gut lumen, and size, shape, and concentration of brush-border microvilli and location within the gut. Comparison of gut structure in L. hesperus with that of other hemipterans, especially in relation to hemipteran phylogeny and feeding strategies, is discussed. C1 [Coudron, T. A.; Brandt, S. L.; Wagner, R. M.; Wright, M. K.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Habibi, J.; Backus, E. A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Brandt, S. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Huesing, J. E.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[159:MAHOTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253HT UT WOS:000252510000018 ER PT J AU Hendrix, PF Callaham, MA Drake, JM Huang, CY James, SW Snyder, BA Zhang, WX AF Hendrix, Paul F. Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Drake, John M. Huang, Ching-Yu James, Sam W. Snyder, Bruce A. Zhang, Weixin TI Pandora's Box Contained Bait: The Global Problem of Introduced Earthworms SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE biological invasions; exotic species; oligochaete biogeography; soil fauna ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; EISENIA-FOETIDA SAVIGNY; GUT-CONTENT-ANALYSIS; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NATIVE EARTHWORMS; UNITED-STATES; APORRECTODEA-TRAPEZOIDES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Introduced exotic earthworms now occur in every biogeographic region in all but the driest or coldest habitat types on Earth. The global distribution of a few species (e.g., Pontoscolex corethrurus) was noted by early naturalists, but now approximately 120 such peregrine species are recognized to be widespread from regional to global scales, mainly via human activities. Species adapted to human transport and to colonization of disturbed habitats are most widespread and are the principal invasive species. We identify a number of endogenous and exogenous factors that may contribute to the successful establishment and spread of peregrine species. Quantification of these factors may help to determine why certain species become invasive while others do not. Recent advances in theory and modeling of biological invasions and in molecular techniques should prove fruitful in improving our understanding of invasive earthworms, as well as in predicting their impacts Oil ecosystems. C1 [Hendrix, Paul F.; Drake, John M.; Huang, Ching-Yu; Snyder, Bruce A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hendrix, Paul F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Callaham, Mac A., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [James, Sam W.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [James, Sam W.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Zhang, Weixin] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Weixin] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Hendrix, PF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM hendrixp@uga.edu RI Zhang, Weixin/B-4422-2008; Drake, John/D-6622-2012; James, Samuel/D-6010-2013; Zhang, Weixin/D-3540-2017; OI James, Samuel/0000-0001-6758-5726; Zhang, Weixin/0000-0001-9656-9522; Drake, John/0000-0003-4646-1235 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0236276]; University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc; Universitv of Kansas [DEB 0426071, DE-13 0516439]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30630015, 30771704]; International Foundation for Science [D/4046-1] FX Development of this paper was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DEB 0236276 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc., and DEB 0426071 and DE-13 0516439 to the Universitv of Kansas; National Natural Science Foundation of China grants No. 30630015 and No. 30771704; and International Foundation for Science grant D/4046-1. We acknowledge helpful discussions with J. Blackmon, L. Dame, K. Mordecai, and S. Rostkowski and editorial assistance from A. Silletti. NR 141 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 10 U2 70 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X EI 1545-2069 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2008 VL 39 BP 593 EP 613 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173426 PG 21 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 384DW UT WOS:000261725500028 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. TI Microbial control of insect pests in temperate orchard systems: Potential for incorporation into IPM SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Bacillus thuringiensis; entomopathogenic nematodes; fungi; granulovirus; tree fruit; nut crops ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CURCULIO-CARYAE COLEOPTERA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER LEPIDOPTERA; CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; NORTHWEST APPLE ORCHARDS; PECAN WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; CITRUS RUST MITE AB Because of their selectivity and safety, microbial control agents (MCAs) appear to be ready-made components of integrated pest management (IPM) systems that do not pose a threat to applicators or the environment and allow other natural enemies to function. Control of several orchard pest insects using MCAs, including viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), have been demonstrated in apple, pear, stone fruits, citrus, and several nut crops. B. thuringiensis is the most used MCA for control of lepidopteran orchard pests. Significant use of EPNs in citrus for control of root weevils is also reported. The granulovirus of codling moth is used increasingly in apple and pear by organic growers, with interest also shown by conventional growers. Although some success has been achieved, in most orchard systems MCAS account for a relatively small proportion of the pest control tactics employed, and in some systems they are not used at all. Research toward improving MCA efficacy and economic competitiveness is required to enhance the role of MCAs in IPM. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov; david.shopiro@ars.usda.gov NR 199 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 37 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 EI 1545-4487 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 121 EP 144 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093419 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 255UY UT WOS:000252684300008 PM 17803454 ER PT S AU Liebhold, AM Tobin, PC AF Liebhold, Andrew M. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Population ecology of insect invasions and their management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Allee effect; establishment; nonindigenous species; spread; stratified dispersal ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; EMERALD ASH BORER; LEAFMINER CAMERARIA-OHRIDELLA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; INVADING ORGANISMS; CONTROL STRATEGIES AB During the establishment phase of a biological invasion, population dynamics are strongly influenced by Allee effects and stochastic dynamics, both of which may lead to extinction of low-density populations. Allee effects refer to a decline in population growth rate with a decline in abundance and can arise from various mechanisms. Strategies to eradicate newly established populations should focus on either enhancing Allee effects or suppressing populations below Allee thresholds, such that extinction proceeds without further intervention. The spread phase of invasions results from the coupling of population growth with dispersal. Reaction-diffusion is the simplest form of spread, resulting in continuous expansion and asymptotically constant radial rates of spread. However, spread of most nonindigenous insects is characterized by occasional long-distance dispersal, which results in the formation of isolated colonies that grow, coalesce, and greatly increase spread. Allee effects also affect spread, generally in a negative fashion. Efforts to slow, stop, or reverse spread should incorporate the spread dynamics unique to the target species. C1 [Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us; ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 150 TC 224 Z9 246 U1 19 U2 151 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0153-8 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 387 EP 408 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091401 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 255UY UT WOS:000252684300021 PM 17877456 ER PT S AU Aluja, M Mangan, RL AF Aluja, Martin Mangan, Robert L. TI Fruit fly (Diptera : tephritidae) host status determination: Critical conceptual, methodological, and regulatory considerations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE host plant; oviposition behavior; host range evolution; quarantine pest; risk analysis; systems approach ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS DIPTERA; MAXIMUM PEST LIMIT; FLIES DIPTERA; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; NONHOST STATUS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DACUS DIPTERA AB Although fruit fly host status determination/designation lies at the heart of strategic decisions on national and international trade of fruit and vegetables, all attempts thus far to define host plant status have been contentious and as a result long-standing disputes between commercial partners throughout the world have lingered over decades. Part of the problem is that too little effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in host plant use by fruit flies and that instead economic and political interests usually prevail. Here we review the most important evolutionary, biological, ecological, physiological, and behavioral aspects that drive host use by fruit flies, and then construct a flow diagram rooted in these fundamentals that outlines a series of steps and definitions to determine if a particular fruit or vegetable (and cultivars thereof) is a natural host, or a conditional (potential, artificial) host, or a nonhost. Along the way, we incorporate risk analysis considerations and propose that the underlying complexity determining host plant utilization by fruit flies requires a flexible systems approach capable of realistically dealing with fly/host/environment/geographic variability on a case-by-case basis. C1 [Aluja, Martin] Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. [Mangan, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza ARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx; robert.mangan@ars.usda.gov NR 182 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 6 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0153-8 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 473 EP 502 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093350 PG 30 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 255UY UT WOS:000252684300025 PM 17877455 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI Translating nutrition science into policy as witness and actor SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION SE Annual Review of Nutrition LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE nutrition; science; policy; malnutrition; hunger ID ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; INTESTINE AB The sustained effort to witness and participate in the targeted translation of nutritional science and policy forms the structure of this narrative. The memoir starts with an early career-directing experience with nutrition and cholera and proceeds with a long thread of interest in folic acid malabsorption as one of the determinants of nutritional anemia in Asia and the tropics. The thread continues with the relationship of folate and associated vitamins to brain function and aging as a prototype of the study of the interface of aging biology and nutritional biology. My current interest in world hunger and famine and their impact on human security may circle back to Studies of the great Bengal famine and the first Bangladesh survey of malnutrition. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 BN 978-0-8243-2828-3 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 28 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155502 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346QO UT WOS:000259084300001 PM 18598136 ER PT S AU Kalhan, SC Bier, DM AF Kalhan, Satish C. Bier, Dennis M. TI Protein and amino acid metabolism in the human newborn SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION SE Annual Review of Nutrition LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE newborns; infants; proteins; amino acids; stable isotopic tracer; growth ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; ENTERAL GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; CYSTATHIONINE-BETA-SYNTHASE; HEPATIC GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; HUMAN FETAL TISSUES; PRETERM INFANTS; WHOLE-BODY AB Birth and adaptation to extrauterine life involve major shifts in the protein and energy metabolism of the human newborn. These include a shift from a state of continuous supply of nutrients including amino acids front the mother to cyclic periodic oral intake, a change in the redox state of organs, thermogenesis, and a significant change in the mobilization and Use Of oxidative Substrates. The development of safe, stable isotopic tracer methods has allowed the Study of protein and amino acid metabolism not only in the healthy newborn but also in those born prematurely and of low birth weight. These studies have identified the unique and quantitative aspects of amino acid/protein metabolism in the neonate, thus contributing to rational nutritional care of these babies. The present review summarizes the contemporary data on some of the significant developments in essential and dispensable amino acids and their relationship to overall protein metabolism. Specifically, the recent data of kinetics of leucine, phenylalanine, glutamine, sulfur amino acid, and threonine and their relation to whole-body protein turnover are presented. Finally, the physiological rationale and the impact of nutrient (amino acids) interventions on the dynamics of protein metabolism are discussed. C1 [Kalhan, Satish C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin Lerner Coll Med, Cleveland Clin, Dept Med,Dept Gastroenterol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Kalhan, Satish C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin Lerner Coll Med, Cleveland Clin, Dept Med,Dept Pathobiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Bier, Dennis M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kalhan, SC (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin Lerner Coll Med, Cleveland Clin, Dept Med,Dept Gastroenterol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM sck@case.edu OI Kalhan, Satish/0000-0002-8012-4171 FU National Institutes of Health [HD11089, HD042154, RR00080]; Baylor College of Medicine all the United States Department of Agriculture [65250-5100]; Agriculture Research Service FX The authors thank all their trainees and colleagues, whose critical contributions resulted ill the work cited in this review. Work by the authors was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HD11089, HD042154, and RR00080 (S.C. Kalhan) and by a Cooperative Agreement 65250-5100 between Baylor College of Medicine all the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (D.M. Bier). We thank Mrs. Joyce Nolan for her secretarial assistance. NR 150 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 BN 978-0-8243-2828-3 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 28 BP 389 EP NC1 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155333 PG 23 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346QO UT WOS:000259084300021 PM 18393660 ER PT J AU Juzwik, J Harrington, TC MacDonald, WL Appel, DN AF Juzwik, Jennifer Harrington, Thomas C. MacDonald, William L. Appel, David N. TI The origin of Ceratocystis fagacearum, the oak wilt fungus SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE exotic pathogens; invasive species; Quercus ID CHESTNUT BLIGHT FUNGUS; CRYPHONECTRIA-PARASITICA; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; GENETIC-VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; MINNESOTA; FIMBRIATA; MITOCHONDRIAL; HYBRIDIZATION AB The oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, may be another example of a damaging, exotic species in forest ecosystems in the United States. Though C. fagacearum has received much research attention, the origin of-the fungus is unknown. The pathogen may have been endemic at a low incidence until increased disturbances, changes in land use, and forest management created conditions favorable for disease epidemics. The host genus Quercus contains some relatively resistant species native to the United States, further supporting the hypothesis that the pathogen is native in origin. However, there are also many common, highly susceptible Quercus species-a characteristic typical of introduced pathogens. Most convincingly, studies have shown that the known populations of C. fagacearum have experienced a severe genetic bottleneck that can only be explained by a single introduction. The weight of evidence indicates that C. fagacearum, is an introduced pathogen, with possible origins in Central or South America, or Mexico. C1 [Juzwik, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Harrington, Thomas C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [MacDonald, William L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Appel, David N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jjuzwik@fs.fed.us; tcharrin@iastate.edu; macd@wvu.edu; appel@ag.tamu.edu RI Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011 NR 71 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 31 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 EI 1545-2107 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2008 VL 46 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094406 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 348GP UT WOS:000259199300002 PM 18680421 ER PT S AU Hogenhout, SA Ammar, ED Whitfield, AE Redinbaugh, MG AF Hogenhout, Saskia A. Ammar, El-Desouky Whitfield, Anna E. Redinbaugh, Margaret G. TI Insect vector interactions with persistently transmitted viruses SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE luteovirus; geminivirus; nanovirus; tospovirus; rhabdovirus; tenuivirus; reovirus; marafivirus ID SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; RICE-DWARF-VIRUS; LEAF CURL VIRUS; WHITEFLY BEMISIA-TABACI; WESTERN YELLOWS VIRUS; MAIZE STRIPE VIRUS; RAYADO FINO VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MYZUS-PERSICAE SULZ; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS REOVIRUS AB The majority of described plant viruses are transmitted by insects of the Hemipteroid assemblage that includes aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips. In this review we highlight progress made in research on vector interactions of the more than 200 plant viruses that are transmitted by hemipteroid insects beginning a few hours or days after acquisition and for up to the life of the insect, i.e., in a persistent-circulative or persistent-propagative mode. These plant viruses move through the insect vector, from the gut lumen into the hemolymph or other tissues and finally into the salivary glands, from which these viruses are introduced back into the plant host during insect feeding. The movement and/or replication of the viruses in the insectvectors require specific interactions between virus and vector components. Recent investigations have resulted in a better understanding of the replication sites and tissue tropism of several plant viruses that propagate in insect vectors. Furthermore, virus and insect proteins involved in overcoming transmission barriers in the vector have been identified for some virus-vector combinations. C1 [Hogenhout, Saskia A.] John Innes Ctr, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Ammar, El-Desouky] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Whitfield, Anna E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Hogenhout, SA (reprint author), John Innes Ctr, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM saskia.hogenhour@bbbrc.ac.uk RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU USDA-NRI; USDA-ARS; CPBR; OARDC; Kansas State Experiment Station Contribution [08-343-J] FX The remarkable research and insight by current and previous scientists was instrumental in developing our knowledge of persistently transmitted viruses and their vectors. We are especially grateful for work done and guidance given by our colleagues and mentors Tom German, Roy Gingery, Rob Goldbach, Hans van den Heuvel, Ray Louie, Skip Nault, Tom Pirone, Diane Ullman, and the late Marion A. Watson. Work in our laboratories was supported by USDA-NRI, USDA-ARS, CPBR, and OARDC. This is Kansas State Experiment Station Contribution No. 08-343-J. The authors apologize to those colleagues whose work was not included clue to space limitations. NR 199 TC 292 Z9 314 U1 21 U2 165 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1346-3 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2008 VL 46 BP 327 EP 359 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.022508.092135 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 348GP UT WOS:000259199300014 PM 18680428 ER PT S AU Finkelstein, R Reeves, W Ariizumi, T Steber, C AF Finkelstein, Ruth Reeves, Wendy Ariizumi, Tohru Steber, Camille TI Molecular aspects of seed dormancy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE germination; ABA; GA; after-ripening; DELLA proteins; natural variation ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; NATURAL ALLELIC VARIATION; ARABIDOPSIS RGL2 PROTEIN; ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID; ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR; LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS AB Seed dormancy provides a mechanism for plants to delay germination until conditions are optimal for survival of the next generation. Dormancy release is regulated by a combination of environmental and endogenous signals with both synergistic and competing effects. Molecular studies of dormancy have correlated changes in transcriptomes, proteomes, and hormone levels with dormancy states ranging from deep primary or secondary dormancy to varying degrees of release. The balance of abscisic acid (ABA):gibberellin (GA) levels and sensitivity is a major, but not the sole, regulator of dormancy status. ABA promotes dormancy induction and maintenance, whereas GA promotes progression from release through germination; environmental signals regulate this balance by modifying the expression of biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Mediators of environmental and hormonal response include both positive and negative regulators, many of which are feedback-regulated to enhance or attenuate the response. The net result is a slightly heterogeneous response, thereby providing more temporal options for successful germination. C1 [Finkelstein, Ruth; Reeves, Wendy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ariizumi, Tohru; Steber, Camille] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ariizumi, Tohru; Steber, Camille] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Finkelstein, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM finkelst@lifesci.ucsb.edu; reeves@lifesci.ucsb.edu; ariizumi@mail.wsu.edu; csteber@wsu.edu NR 191 TC 442 Z9 474 U1 19 U2 180 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0659-5 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 387 EP 415 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092740 PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 311IF UT WOS:000256593200016 PM 18257711 ER PT J AU Imamura, Y Chandra, J Mukherjee, PK Lattif, AA Szczotka-Flynn, LB Pearlman, E Lass, JH O'Donnell, K Ghannoum, MA AF Imamura, Yoshifumi Chandra, Jyotsna Mukherjee, Pranab K. Lattif, Ali Abdul Szczotka-Flynn, Loretta B. Pearlman, Eric Lass, Jonathan H. O'Donnell, Kerry Ghannoum, Mahmoud A. TI Fusarium and Candida albicans biofilms on soft contact lenses: Model development, influence of lens type, and susceptibility to lens care solutions SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMPHOTERICIN-B; IN-VITRO; KERATITIS; RESISTANCE; OUTBREAK; WEAR; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; SOLANI; ATTACHMENT AB Fungal keratitis is commonly caused by Fusarium species and less commonly by Candida species. Recent outbreaks of Fusarium keratitis were associated with contact lens wear and with ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens care solution, and biofilm formation on contact lens/lens cases was proposed to play a role in this outbreak. However, no in vitro model for contact lens-associated fungal biofilm has been developed. In this study, we developed and characterized in vitro models of biofilm formation on various soft contact lenses using three species of Fusarium and Candida albicans. The contact lenses tested were etafilcon A, galyfilcon A, lotrafilcon A, balafilcon A, alphafilcon A, and polymacon. Our results showed that clinical isolates of Fusarium and C. albicans formed biofilms on all types of lenses tested and that the biofilm architecture varied with the lens type. Moreover, differences in hyphal content and architecture were found between the biofilms formed by these fungi. We also found that two recently isolated keratitis-associated fusaria formed robust biofilms, while the reference ATCC 36031 strain (recommended by the International Organization for Standardization guidelines for testing of disinfectants) failed to form biofilm. Furthermore, using the developed in vitro biofilm model, we showed that phylogenetically diverse planktonic fusaria and Candida were susceptible to MoistureLoc and MultiPlus. However, Fusarium biofilms exhibited reduced susceptibility against these solutions in a species- and time-dependent manner. This in vitro model should provide a better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of lens-related fungal keratitis. C1 [Imamura, Yoshifumi; Chandra, Jyotsna; Mukherjee, Pranab K.; Lattif, Ali Abdul; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Szczotka-Flynn, Loretta B.; Pearlman, Eric; Lass, Jonathan H.] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [O'Donnell, Kerry] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Imamura, Yoshifumi; Chandra, Jyotsna; Mukherjee, Pranab K.; Lattif, Ali Abdul; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Ghannoum, MA (reprint author), Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mahmoud.ghannoum@case.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA043703, P30CA43703-12]; NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY011373, P30 EY11373]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE017486-01A1, R01DE 13932-4, R01 DE017486, R01 DE013932] NR 51 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1128/AAC.00387-07 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 248ED UT WOS:000252133700017 PM 17999966 ER PT J AU Kunze, DJ Loneragan, GH Platt, TM Miller, MF Besser, TE Koohmaraie, M Stephens, T Brashears, MM AF Kunze, David J. Loneragan, Guy H. Platt, Tammy M. Miller, Mark F. Besser, Thomas E. Koohmaraie, Mohammad Stephens, Tyler Brashears, Mindy M. TI Salmonella enterica burden in harvest-ready cattle populations from the southern high plains of the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; FEEDLOT CATTLE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; HIDE SURFACES; ORAL-CAVITY; PREVALENCE; RESISTANT; BEEF; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK AB Our objectives were to quantify the Salmonella enterica burdens in harvest-ready cattle and to identify specificat-risk populations of cattle most likely to harbor multiply resistant S. enterica. Hide swabs were collected in abattoirs from three cohorts of cattle (feedlot origin cattle that had achieved desirable harvest characteristics and dairy- and beef-type cows harvested because of poor productivity). Feces were collected from two cohorts housed in feedlots (cattle that had achieved desirable harvest characteristics and animals identified for salvage recovery because of poor productivity). Facilities were visited on four occasions over a 12-month period. Salmonella enterica isolates were recovered, and organisms were quantified using standard microbiological methodologies. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs and serotype were determined for one S. enterica isolate per sample. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 55.6% of 1,681 samples. The prevalences on hides and in feces were 69.6% and 30.3%, respectively. The concentrations of S. enterica organisms averaged (as determined by the most probable number technique) 1.82 log(10)/100 cm(2) of hides and 0.75 log(10)/g of feces. None of the isolates recovered from cattle that had achieved desirable harvest characteristics were resistant to four or more drugs. For isolates recovered from animals with poor productivity characteristics, 6.5% were resistant to four or more drugs. Twenty-two serovars were identified, with the most common being Salmonella enterica serovar Anatum (25.5%), Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo (22.2%), and Salmonella enterica serovar Cerro (12.5%). High-level resistance, i.e., resistance to four or more drugs, was clustered within a few relatively uncommon serovars. These results demonstrate that even though S. enterica isolates are readily recoverable from harvest-ready cattle, multiply resistant variants are rare and are associated with specific serovars in cattle harvested because of poor productivity characteristics. C1 [Kunze, David J.; Loneragan, Guy H.; Platt, Tammy M.] W Texas A&M Univ, Feedlot Res Grp, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Miller, Mark F.; Stephens, Tyler; Brashears, Mindy M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] USDA US, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Loneragan, GH (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Feedlot Res Grp, Dept Agr Sci, WTAMU Box 60998, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. EM gloneragan@mail.wtamu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011; Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1128/AEM.02076-07 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 252NL UT WOS:000252453100001 PM 18024678 ER PT J AU Besser, TE Shaikh, N Holt, NJ Tarr, PI Konkel, ME Malik-Kate, P Walsh, CW Whittam, TS Bono, JL AF Besser, Thomas E. Shaikh, Nurmohammad Holt, Nicholas J. Tarr, Phillip I. Konkel, Michael E. Malik-Kate, Preeti Walsh, Coilin W. Whittam, Thomas S. Bono, James L. TI Greater diversity of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among Escherichia coli O157 : H7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans (vol 73, pg 671, 2007) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Besser, Thomas E.; Shaikh, Nurmohammad; Holt, Nicholas J.; Tarr, Phillip I.; Konkel, Michael E.; Malik-Kate, Preeti; Walsh, Coilin W.; Whittam, Thomas S.; Bono, James L.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Besser, Thomas E.; Shaikh, Nurmohammad; Holt, Nicholas J.; Tarr, Phillip I.; Konkel, Michael E.; Malik-Kate, Preeti; Walsh, Coilin W.; Whittam, Thomas S.; Bono, James L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Besser, Thomas E.; Shaikh, Nurmohammad; Holt, Nicholas J.; Tarr, Phillip I.; Konkel, Michael E.; Malik-Kate, Preeti; Walsh, Coilin W.; Whittam, Thomas S.; Bono, James L.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Besser, Thomas E.; Shaikh, Nurmohammad; Holt, Nicholas J.; Tarr, Phillip I.; Konkel, Michael E.; Malik-Kate, Preeti; Walsh, Coilin W.; Whittam, Thomas S.; Bono, James L.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Besser, Thomas E.; Shaikh, Nurmohammad; Holt, Nicholas J.; Tarr, Phillip I.; Konkel, Michael E.; Malik-Kate, Preeti; Walsh, Coilin W.; Whittam, Thomas S.; Bono, James L.] USDA ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Besser, TE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 554 EP 554 DI 10.1128/AEM.02632-07 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 252NL UT WOS:000252453100031 ER PT J AU Valros, A Vuorenrnaa, R Janczak, AM AF Valros, Anna Vuorenrnaa, Reeta Janczak, Andrew M. TI Effect of simulated long transport on behavioural characteristics in two strains of laying hen chicks SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transport; stress; chickens; perches; competition; fear ID TONIC IMMOBILITY; FEATHER PECKING; GROWTH-HORMONE; DOMESTIC-FOWL; STRESS; TRAITS AB Newly hatched chicks are routinely subjected to varying durations of transport shortly after hatching. Because little is known about the effects of this putative stressor on behavioural development, the present experiment tested for the effects of a simulated long transport-like treatment during the first day of life in two strains of laying hen chicks on growth, the development of perching behaviour, fear of humans (measured as the duration of tonic immobility induced by manual restraint) and the willingness to compete for access to feed. Fourty newly hatched Hy-Line W-36 (W-36) and 40 Hy-Line Brown (HB) chicks distributed over two blocks were subjected either to a short duration of handling and transport prior to delivery at the laboratory (SHORT treatment; duration of 4 h) or to the same treatment plus an additional period of intermittent movement used to simulate longer transport (LONG treatment; duration of 14 h). LONG birds started perching at a significantly earlier age than SHORT birds (P < 0.01), but strain effects on the duration or frequency of perching were non-existent or sporadic. W-36 birds had a longer duration of tonic immobility than HB birds (P < 0.001) but there was no effect of the treatment (P > 0.10). The treatment reduced the birds' willingness to compete for feed (P < 0.02), but this was mainly due to an effect on W-36 birds, as indicated by an interaction between treatment and bird strain (P < 0.02). The results thus indicate that the LONG treatment reduced the age at which birds first used perches and reduced the willingness to compete for feed. However, as these results were rather sporadic we could not show that the long transport-like treatment of day old chicks has wide-reaching effects on behavioural development. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of transport duration on chicks and laying hens. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Janczak, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Valros, Anna; Vuorenrnaa, Reeta] Univ Helsinki, Dept Product Anim Sci, Res Ctr Anim Welfare, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Janczak, Andrew M.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquaculture Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Janczak, AM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 S Russell St,Poultry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM andrew.janczak@umb.no RI Janczak, Andrew/B-4113-2013 OI Janczak, Andrew/0000-0002-1141-8272 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.02.007 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 254PL UT WOS:000252598500005 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Rigsby, LL AF Akin, Danny E. Rigsby, Luanne L. TI Corn fiber: Structure, composition, and response to enzymes for fermentable sugars and coproducts SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; ferulic acid; glucose; esterase; cellulase ID FERULIC ACID; CELL-WALLS; MAIZE BRAN; ESTERASES; CONSTITUENTS; PRETREATMENT; SPECIFICITY; FRACTIONS; SUBSTRATE AB Corn (Zea mays L.) fiber, which is the seed coat and residual endosperm left after grain processing, is a low-value residue that contains carbohydrates and aromatic compounds that could provide value-added coproducts. Treatment of corn fiber with NaOH and assessment by gas chromatography indicated a prevalence of ferulic acid, with about 90% ester-linked in the cell walls. p-Coumaric acid was much lower at about 10% of the amount of ferulic acid. Histochemical reactions employing acid phloroglucinol and diazotized sulfanilic acid indicated the presence of phenolic acids in cell walls of the pericarp and aleurone layer. Various protocols were tested using milled corn fiber and pretreatment with commercial ferulic acid esterases before cellulase treatment, and dry weight loss and sugars and phenolic acids released into the filtrate were evaluated. Ferulic acid esterases effectively degraded corn fiber and released substantial amounts of ferulic acid and sugars (e.g., glucose and xylose) in the incubation medium. Light microscopy showed that ferulic acid esterase substantially disrupted the aleurone layer but caused little visible damage to the lignified pericarp cell walls. Amounts of compounds released varied with protocols, and one study with various milling methods showed that esterase pretreatment followed by cellulase released about 2.8 to 4.4 and 1.5 to 2.9 times more ferulic acid and glucose, respectively, than cellulase alone. The highest levels for one lot of corn fiber with esterase pretreatment followed by cellulase were 3.9 and 218 mg/g of ferulic acid and glucose, respectively. C1 [Akin, Danny E.; Rigsby, Luanne L.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM danny.akin@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 31 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 144 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-0053-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 249TE UT WOS:000252251900006 PM 18415987 ER PT J AU Bai, DM Li, SZ Liu, ZL Cui, ZF AF Bai, Dong-Mei Li, Shi-Zhong Liu, Z. Lewis Cui, Zhan-Feng TI Enhanced L-(+)-lactic acid production by an adapted strain of Rhizopus oryzae using corncob hydrolysate SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; fermentation; lignocellulosic feedstocks; xylose utilization ID L(+)-LACTIC ACID; LACTIC-ACID; ETHANOLOGENIC YEAST; BIOREACTOR; CULTURE; STARCH AB Corncob is an economic feedstock and more than 20 million tons of corncobs are produced annually in China. Abundant xylose can be potentially converted from the large amount of hemicellulosic materials in corncobs, which makes the crop residue an attractive alternative substrate for a value-added production of a variety of bioproducts. Lactic acid can be used as a precursor for poly-lactic acid production. Although current industrial lactic acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria using enriched medium, production by Rhizopus oryzae is preferred due to its exclusive formation of the-isomer and a simple nutrition requirement by the fungus. Production of-L-(+)-lactic acid by R. oryzae using xylose has been reported; however, its yield and conversion rate are poor compared with that of using glucose. In this study, we report an adapted R. oryzae strain HZS6 that significantly improved efficiency of substrate utilization and enhanced production of L-(+)-lactic acid from corncob hydrolysate. It increased L-(+)-lactic acid final concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity more than twofold compared with its parental strain. The optimized growth and fermentation conditions for Strain HZS6 were defined. C1 [Li, Shi-Zhong] Tsing Hua Univ, Inst New Energy Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Bai, Dong-Mei] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Liu, Z. Lewis] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cui, Zhan-Feng] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. RP Li, SZ (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Inst New Energy Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM szli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 34 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 144 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-8078-y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 249TE UT WOS:000252251900008 PM 18415989 ER PT J AU Lin, BH Yen, ST AF Lin, Biing-Hwan Yen, Steven T. TI Consumer knowledge, food label use and grain consumption in the US SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INFORMATION; CHOLESTEROL INFORMATION; NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE; EGG CONSUMPTION; WHOLE GRAINS; DEMAND; PREDICTORS; REGRESSION; VARIABLES; MODELS AB Responding to mounting evidence of the association between whole-grain consumption and a reduced risk of heart problems and other diseases, as well as an increased probability of body weight maintenance, the US Government has strongly encouraged its citizens to increase consumption of whole grains. However, compared against the 2005 Federal dietary recommendations, in 1994-1996 only 6% of Americans met the current recommended whole-grain consumption. To narrow this huge gap between actual and recommended consumption of whole grains, considerable changes in consumer behaviour will be needed. A demand system with two censored consumption equations and endogenous food label use and nutrition knowledge variables is estimated to investigate the factors that affect the consumption of whole and refined grains. Food label use and nutrition knowledge are found to play important roles in the consumption of refined- and whole-grain products, as are sociodemographic variables. The results can be used to help develop effective nutrition education messages and targeting strategies to promote consumption of whole grains in Americans' diets. C1 [Yen, Steven T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lin, Biing-Hwan] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Yen, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, 302 Morgan Hall,2621 Morgan Circle, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM syen@utk.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1080/00036840600690298 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 309NR UT WOS:000256468000003 ER PT J AU Ball, VE Lindamood, WA Nehring, R Mesonada, CSJ AF Ball, V. Eldon Lindamood, W. A. Nehring, Richard Juan Mesonada, Carlos San TI Capital as a factor of production in OECD agriculture: measurement and data SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEMAND; INPUT; LAND AB This article provides a farm sector comparison of levels of capital input for fourteen OECD countries for the period 1973 to 2002. The starting point for construction of a measure of capital input is the measurement of capital stock. Estimates of depreciable capital are derived by representing capital stock at each point of time as a weighted sum of past investments. The weights correspond to the relative efficiencies of capital goods of different ages, so that the weighted components of capital stock have the same efficiency. Estimates of the stock of land are derived from balance sheet data. We convert estimates of capital stock into estimates of capital service flows by means of capital rental prices. Comparisons of levels of capital input among countries require data on relative prices of capital input. We obtain relative price levels for capital input via relative investment goods prices, taking into account the flow of capital input per unit of capital stock in each country. C1 [Ball, V. Eldon; Lindamood, W. A.; Nehring, Richard] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Juan Mesonada, Carlos San] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Econ, Madrid 28903, Spain. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), ERS, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eball@ers.usda.gov OI SAN JUAN, CARLOS/0000-0003-1955-7303 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1253 EP 1277 DI 10.1080/00036840600771320 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 309NS UT WOS:000256468100004 ER PT J AU Dong, DS Kaiser, HM AF Dong, Diansheng Kaiser, Harry M. TI Studying household purchasing and nonpurchasing behaviour for a frequently consumed commodity: two models SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT-VARIABLES; STATISTICAL-MODELS; CHOICE; GOODS; CONSUMPTION; DEMAND AB A panel data double-hurdle model is developed to analyse household purchasing behaviour. The model, a time-series extension of Cragg's conventional double-hurdle model of censored consumption, is able to account not only for the censored nature of commodity purchases, but also for the temporal linkage of the purchase process. The panel data double-hurdle model is compared with the marked renewal model that has also been used for studying household purchasing behaviour. The empirical results of the double-hurdle model show that for household milk purchases hurdle due to noneconomic reasons exists. The results of the marked purchase renewal model showed that the duration dependence is positive. Both models fit the data well. C1 [Dong, Diansheng] USDA ERS, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Kaiser, Harry M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Dong, DS (reprint author), USDA ERS, 1800M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ddong@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 15 BP 1941 EP 1951 DI 10.1080/00036840600949272 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 328NX UT WOS:000257806200004 ER PT J AU Lan, Y Hoffmann, WC Fritz, BK Martin, DE Lopez, JD AF Lan, Y. Hoffmann, W. C. Fritz, B. K. Martin, D. E. Lopez, J. D., Jr. TI Spraydrift mitigation with spray mix adjuvants SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aerial application; spray drift; adjuvant; droplet size; cross wind ID DROPLET SIZE; DEPOSITION; DRIFT AB Numerous drift reduction adjuvants and spray deposition aids are available to applicators of crop production and protection chemicals. Performance of many of the newly introduced drift control adjuvants has not been well documented for aerial application. Four new drift control adjuvants were selected for drift studies in aerial applications. Deposition, downwind drift, and droplet spectra characteristics in a cotton canopy were collected on water sensitive paper (WSP) and mylar cards for measurement and analysis. The deposition, droplet size, droplet coverage, and total drops were highly correlated to the drift distance and treatments or adjuvants. Deposition on the monofilament lines generally decreased as sampling height increased for each treatment. The results will aid aerial applicators in selecting drift reduction agents to meet the drift mitigation criterion for a given application. C1 [Lan, Y.; Hoffmann, W. C.; Fritz, B. K.; Martin, D. E.; Lopez, J. D., Jr.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ylan@sparc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 294QC UT WOS:000255419600001 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Bagley, WE Fritz, BK Lan, Y Martin, DE AF Hoffmann, W. C. Bagley, W. E. Fritz, B. K. Lan, Y. Martin, D. E. TI Effects of waterhardness on spraydroplet size under aerial application conditions SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aerial application; water hardness; spray adjuvant; droplet size; adjuvant ID GLYPHOSATE AB Minerals and organic matter in spray carrier water can reduce the effectiveness of some plant protection products. Water hardness has been found to have a significant impact of the efficacy of some crop protection materials and has shown conflicting influence on spray droplet size. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of water hardness on spray droplet size produced by two commonly-used aerial spray nozzles with and without the addition of an invert suspension adjuvant to the tank solution under aerial application conditions. Water hardness levels from 0 to 800 ppm and/or the addition of a spray adjuvant to a spray solution had a significant effect on spray droplet size. The spray adjuvant, an invert suspension, increased most spray droplet size parameters and decreased the percent of spray volume contained in droplets less than 200 gm as long as the water hardness did not exceed 200 ppm. The spray adjuvant had little effect on relative span when the spray was released at a 45 degrees angle to the high speed airstream, but lowered the relative span for sprays orientated 0 degrees or straight back relative to the high speed airstream. Aerial applicators should test the water used in making tank solution for water hardness before the addition of spray adjuvants. C1 [Hoffmann, W. C.; Fritz, B. K.; Lan, Y.; Martin, D. E.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Bagley, W. E.] Wilbur Ellis Co, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM choffmann@tamu.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 294QC UT WOS:000255419600002 ER PT J AU Chao, K Nou, X Liu, Y Kim, S Chan, DE Yang, CC Patel, J Sharma, A AF Chao, K. Nou, X. Liu, Y. Kim, S. Chan, D. E. Yang, C. -C. Patel, J. Sharma, A. TI Detection of fecal/ingesta contaminants on poultry processing equipment surfaces by visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE food safety; HACCP; sanitation monitoring; spectroscopy ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA; SAMPLES; FECES AB Visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectra and samples for laboratory microbial analysis were acquired of fecal contaminants, ingesta contaminants, and bare processing equipment surfaces (rubber and stainless steel) in a commercial poultry processing plant. Spectra were analyzed in the visible region of 450 to 748 nm and the NIR region of 920 to 1680 nm and microbial sampling for Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC) was conducted for 82 fecal contaminant samples, 59 ingesta contaminant samples, 40 bare rubber belt areas, and 40 bare stainless steel areas. Two-wavelength band ratios in the visible and NIR regions were selected for separating contaminants from equipment areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to analyze the spectral data set and 2-class soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) models were developed for comparison with band ratio classification. Fecal and ingesta contaminants were difficult to separate from each other but both were easily differentiated from the equipment areas. The visible ratio using 518 and 576 nm correctly classified 100% of contaminant samples and 92.5% of equipment area samples. The NIR ratio using 1565 and 1645 nm correctly classified 100% of the contaminant samples and 95% of the equipment area samples. Microbiological analysis found the highest EBC levels for fecal contaminants; mean EBC for ingesta contaminants was significantly lower than that for fecal contaminants. The high EBC levels for fecal contaminants indicate that these contaminants should be targeted for spectral-based detection methods for sanitation monitoring and verification purposes; although their EBC levels are significantly lower, ingesta contaminants should also be included due to difficulty of separation from fecal contaminants. C1 [Chao, K.; Nou, X.; Liu, Y.; Kim, S.; Chan, D. E.; Yang, C. -C.; Patel, J.; Sharma, A.] USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 294QC UT WOS:000255419600007 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA Lehman, RM AF Rosentrater, K. A. Lehman, R. M. TI Physical and chemical properties of corn distillers wet grains SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; coproducts; degradability; distillers wet grains; DWG; ethanol; properties ID DRIED GRAINS; BY-PRODUCTS; SOLUBLES; ETHANOL; RUMINANTS; PROTEIN; SORGHUM; ENERGY; COWS; QUALITY AB The production of corn-based ethanol in the United States is dramatically increasing, and consequently, so is the quantity of generated coproducts, all of which are currently fed to livestock. Distillers Wet Grain (DWG) is one of these coproduct feeds. Many studies have investigated the nutritional properties of DWG and the response of livestock (primarily beef and dairy) to inclusion of these ingredients in their diets. To date, physical properties have been largely ignored, but they are needed for the design of storage facilities and equipment. The objective of this research was to quantify physical and chemical property values for typical DWG streams. Using standard laboratory methods, several properties were determined, including moisture content, water activity, thermal properties (conductivity, resistivity, and diffusivity), bulk density, color, pH, protein, fiber, fat, and ash. The DWG samples in this study were golden-brown in color. They had moisture contents ranging between 53 and 54% (w.b. - wet basis), and were thus highly susceptible to rapid spoilage. They had high bulk density (approximately 858 to 975 kg/m(3)) and had a low propensity for storing and transmitting heat, due to the high water content. Nutritional content of the DWG studied was similar to that reported by other investigators. Color changes over time were also monitored, and it appeared that the Hunter L value can be correlated with total fungi (r = 0.60), yeasts and molds (r = 0.61), and aerobic heterotrophs (r = 0.60) colonizing the DWG. The data generated during this study will help fill the current void and be useful to both the ethanol and livestock industries. Further study is warranted in order to capture more fully the differences in physical, chemical, and microbial properties among ethanol production plants and over time. Additionally, rapid sensing techniques for the determination of these parameters and the quantification of spoilage criteria should be developed. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.; Lehman, R. M.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178; Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 294QC UT WOS:000255419600008 ER PT J AU Casada, ME Ram, MS Flinn, PW AF Casada, M. E. Ram, M. S. Flinn, P. W. TI Thermal design of shipping containers for beneficial insects SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE insects; integrated pest management; IPM; heat transfer; natural refrigeration; shipping; beneficial insects; insect transport; temperature monitoring AB The use of chemical pesticides to control stored product insects can be reduced with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices such as the use of natural enemies, like parasitoids, to control harmful insects. In this study, improved specifications were developed for shipping containers to deliver healthy beneficial insects to IPM practitioners. Heat transfer through the container walls was evaluated to determine the amount of insulation and natural refrigerant (such as ice) necessary for maintaining the internal temperature in the desirable range throughout the shipping time and was based on recommended temperature limits for commercial shipments. An energy balance on the shipping containers was used to provide the needed design equation to specify the insulation level. Data were obtained from containers with temperature-monitoring sensors when shipped by overnight express from a cooperating supplier's laboratory to GMPRC. Also, standard frozen gels and other potential natural refrigerants were compared in laboratory tests of the containers at times and temperatures comparable to those measured in the experimental shipments. The 0.6% water in dioxane mixture had the best results of the solvents evaluated as refrigerants. C1 [Casada, M. E.; Ram, M. S.; Flinn, P. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 294QC UT WOS:000255419600009 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM Narayanan, P Tasch, U Rostamian, R Kim, MS Chen, YR AF Lefcourt, A. M. Narayanan, P. Tasch, U. Rostamian, R. Kim, M. S. Chen, Y. R. TI Algorithms for parameterization of dynamics of inertia-based apple orientation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE apples; imaging; machine vision; algorithms; stem; calyx; food safety ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SURFACE-DEFECTS; INSPECTION; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; VISION; STEM AB Development of machine vision systems to inspect apples for defect and contamination problems has been stalled due to lack of a commercially-viable method for appropriately orienting fruit for imaging. We recently discovered that apples could be oriented based-on their inertial properties by rolling the apples down a track consisting of two parallel rails. As angular velocity increased, apples moved to an orientation where the stem/calyx axis was perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to the plane of the track. Empirical tests suggested that track flexibility plays an important role in this orientation process. However, the orientation process occurs very fast and visual observation is inadequate for detailed analysis of this process. The objective of this study was to assemble hardware and software that could be used to acquire movies of the orientation process and to automatically analyze the movies. Specific goals were to quantify the location and degree of orientation of the apple, and the position of the track, in each movie frame. Movies were successfully acquired in AVI-format. Results of tests using 14000 frames demonstrated that the specified goals could be met with essentially no error. However, use of the system in experimental trials revealed some problems and highlighted the importance of correct lighting. In particular, the software was modified to address errors associated with an apple still being on the track in the last frame of the movie and to allow the video acquisition system to be tuned and calibrated prior to experimental trials. C1 [Lefcourt, A. M.] USDA BARC ANRI FSL, ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Narayanan, P.; Tasch, U.] UMBC, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rostamian, R.] UMBC, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA BARC ANRI FSL, ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,Powder Mill Rd BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alan.lefcourt@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 294QC UT WOS:000255419600015 ER PT J AU Dillard, LO Russell, KR Ford, WM AF Dillard, Lester O. Russell, Kevin R. Ford, W. Mark TI Macrohabitat models of occurrence for the threatened Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi SO APPLIED HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cheat Mountain salamander; classification tree; discriminant function; distribution; endangered species; GIS; habitat; information theory; landscape; macrohabitat models; Plethodon nettingi ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; TORRENT SALAMANDERS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HABITAT MODELS; REGRESSION; AMPHIBIANS; SELECTION; SCIENCE; OREGON AB The federally threatened Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi, hereafter CMS) is known to occur at approximately 70 small, scattered sites in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia. We used a comparative modeling approach to explain the landscape-level distribution and habitat relationships of CMS in relation to a Suite of biotic and abiotic habitat variables measured across the species' range. We collected data on 13 explanatory macrohabitat variables at CMS-occupied (n = 180) sites. We then examined CMS-macrohabitat relationships using, a priori, logistic regression models with information-theoretic model selection, classification tree modeling, and discriminant function analysis. Among logistic regression models, a model containing the variables elevation, aspect, slope, and lithology received the strongest empirical support, although a model containing these variables and current vegetation type also received limited support. Variable selection Within our classification tree and discriminant function modeling was consistent with logistic regression results. Common variables in all three approaches indicated that the probability of finding CMS across the species' range increased in areas at higher elevations and underlain by sandstone. Validation of models with empirical Support using reserved data indicated that classification accuracy was >= 80% for all three analytical methods. Finally, we linked model outputs from all three methods to GIS coverage maps that predicted CMS occupancy within the study area. Our results indicate that geophysical and ecological characteristics measured at large spatial scales may be useful for quantifying, salamander habitat relationships in forested landscapes, and more specifically increase the capacity of managers to locate and plan for the Continued persistence and recovery of CMS. C1 [Dillard, Lester O.; Russell, Kevin R.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Russell, KR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM krussell@uwsp.edu FU USDA Forest Service Monongahela National Forest [05-PA-11092100-011 (144-908934)]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; USDI Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge (CVNWR) FX Our work was supported financially and logistically by the USDA Forest Service Monongahela National Forest [MNF; Participating Agreement # 05-PA-11092100-011 (144-908934)], USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the USDI Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge (CVNWR). We thank C. Johnson (MNF) and K. Sturm (CVNWR) for providing CMS locations. S. Skutek, J. Rodrigue, M. Thomas-Van Gundy, S. Lammie and L. Ceperley also provided critical logistical support and advice. T. Ginnett, E. Larson, T. Mabee, E. Wild. and one anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7539 J9 APPL HERPETOL JI Appl. Herpetol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 201 EP 224 DI 10.1163/157075408785911057 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 374JH UT WOS:000261039100001 ER PT J AU Masters, AL Vinci, BJ Brazil, B Creaser, DA Summerfelt, ST AF Masters, A. L. Vinci, B. J. Brazil, B. Creaser, D. A. Summerfelt, S. T. TI Performance characterization of influent and effluent treatment systems: A case study at Craig Brook National Fish Hatcher SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microscreen filtration; sand filtration; UV disinfection; effluent treatment; influent treatment ID IRRADIATION; BACTERIA; REMOVAL; WATER AB This study characterizes the performance of influent and effluent disinfection systems at Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar restoration facility in East Orland, ME. Influent treatment of the hatchery's water supply limits fish exposure to pathogens and protects the hatchery's goal to recover endangered Atlantic salmon. Disinfection treatment of effluent from the hatchery's wild fish receiving building ensures containment of pathogens that could be transferred to the facility with young fish captured from native rivers and protects the downstream hatchery watershed area. Evaluation of the influent treatment system consisted of assessing the effectiveness of the sand filtration and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection equipment, which are used to treat the water supply for the entire hatchery. Evaluation of the effluent treatment system examined the effectiveness of microscreen filtration and UV equipment that are used to disinfect effluent from the hatchery's wild fish-receiving building. Water samples were collected every 2 weeks for a 6-month period. The evaluation of both treatment systems indicates effective solids removal and total heterotrophic bacteria inactivation (2-4 log(10) reductions). No disease issues attributable to the hatchery's water supply have occurred during operation of its influent disinfection system, enabling the USFWS continued success with its restoration programs. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Masters, A. L.; Vinci, B. J.; Summerfelt, S. T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Brazil, B.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Creaser, D. A.] USFWS NE Reg, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Masters, AL (reprint author), Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM a.masters@freshwaterinstitute.org OI Vinci, Brian/0000-0002-5724-6955 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.10.002 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 253HH UT WOS:000252508800007 ER PT B AU Peterson, MR AF Peterson, Michael R. BE Scheiber, LL Clark, BJ TI Prehistoric Settlement Patterns on the High Plains of Western Nebraska and the Use of Geographic Information Systems for Landscape Analyses SO ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES ON THE HIGH PLAINS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUNTER-GATHERER MOBILITY; GREAT-PLAINS; OKLAHOMA PANHANDLE; OGALLALA GROUP; NALL PLAYA; LAND-USE; SITE; HOLOCENE; EXAMPLE; BISON C1 [Peterson, Michael R.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WY USA. RP Peterson, MR (reprint author), Redwood Natl Pk, Redwood City, CA USA. NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 5589 ARAPAHOE AVE, STE 206C, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA BN 978-0-87081-931-5 PY 2008 BP 237 EP 276 PG 40 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA BYM31 UT WOS:000299338700009 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM AF Mitchell, A. D. Scholz, A. M. TI Efficiency of energy and protein deposition in swine measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Pigs; Energy efficiency; Protein efficiency; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWING-PIGS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; FINISHING PIGS; IN-VIVO; RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA AB A series of studies were conducted using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure energy and protein deposition in pigs. In an initial validation study DXA was compared directly with slaughter analysis its it method for measuring energy deposition in pigs. During growth from 30 to 60 kg the mean value for carcass energy deposition measured by DXA was 251 MJ compared to 249 MJ by chemical analysis (R(2)=0.94). Subsequently it was shown that both compensatory growth and the addition of ractopamine to the diet resulted in an improvement in efficiency of protein deposition (PE), however, ractopamine also resulted in 1 reduction in the efficiency of energy deposition (k(g)). Another study was conducted to compare the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy and protein by control and IGF-1 transgenic pigs in response to dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Addition of CLA to the diet resulted in a reduction in k(g), though there was no difference in k(g) based oil genotype or sex. The PE was higher (P<0.05) in the IGF-1 transgenic pigs. DXA was also used to assess energy deposition in pigs that were either homozygous stress non-sensitive (NN), beterozygous (Nn) or homozygous stress sensitive (nn). During growth from 30 to 60 kg or 60 to 90 kg there were no differences in the efficiency of either energy or protein deposition. In conclusion, DXA call be used to replace the comparative slaughter technique for measuring energy and protein deposition in pigs, thus this approach is useful for identifying differences C1 [Mitchell, A. D.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scholz, A. M.] Univ Munich, Fac Vet, Livestock Ctr Oberschleissheim, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alva.mitchell@ars.usda.gov; armin.scholz@lvg.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 159 EP 171 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 293BN UT WOS:000255309900007 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Greenway, SL Farris, JL Guerra, B AF Moore, M. T. Greenway, S. L. Farris, J. L. Guerra, B. TI Assessing caffeine as an emerging environmental concern using conventional approaches SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; SURFACE WATERS; PHARMACEUTICALS; COMMUNITIES; ORGANISMS; STREAMS; SEWAGE; DRUGS AB Organic wastewater contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, caffeine, and nicotine, have received increased scrutiny because of their detection in water bodies receiving wastewater discharge. Despite recent measurement in United States streams, caffeine's effect on freshwater organisms is not well documented. The present study measured caffeine's lethal and sublethal effects on the freshwater species, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, and Chironomus dilutus. These organisms, which are used in standard testing or effluent monitoring, were exposed to aqueous caffeine solutions under static exposure for 48 hours and daily renewed static exposure for 7 days. Averaged responses of 48-hour acute end points indicated that C. dubia was more sensitive to caffeine exposures (LC50 = 60 mg/L) than either P. promelas (LC50 = 100 mg/L) or C. dilutus (LC50 = 1,230 mg/L). Exposure-response slopes confirmed these findings (3% mortality/mg/L for C. dubia; 0.5% mortality/mg/L for P. promelas; and 0.07% mortality/mg/L for C. dilutus). Comparative 7-day responses between C. dubia and P. promelas (LC50 = 46 and 55 mg/L, respectively) were more similar than the broad range of acute values. Sublethal effects measured for caffeine exposure included impaired C. dubia reproduction (IC50 = 44 mg/L) and inhibited P. promelas growth (IC50 = 71 mg/L). According to the results of this study, combined with earlier studies reporting environmental concentrations and product half-lives, caffeine should pose negligible risk for most aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. C1 [Moore, M. T.] USDA, ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab Water Qual & Ecol, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Greenway, S. L.; Farris, J. L.] Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Guerra, B.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab Water Qual & Ecol, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9059-4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 243TX UT WOS:000251821300004 PM 17957400 ER PT J AU Singh, RP Valkonen, JPT Gray, SM Boonham, N Jones, RAC Kerlan, C Schubert, J AF Singh, R. P. Valkonen, J. P. T. Gray, S. M. Boonham, N. Jones, R. A. C. Kerlan, C. Schubert, J. TI Discussion paper: The naming of Potato virus Y strains infecting potato SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID NECROTIC RINGSPOT DISEASE; MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; UNITED-STATES; VENOUS NECROSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; RESISTANCE GENE; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; WHOLE GENOME AB Potato virus Y (PVY) strain groups are based on host response and resistance gene interactions. The strain groups PVYO, PVYC and PVYN are well established for the isolates infecting potato in the field. A switch in the emphasis from host response to nucleotide sequence differences in the virus genomes, detection of isolates recombining sequences of different strains, and the need to recognize isolates that cause necrotic symptoms in potato tubers have led to the assignment of new acronyms, especially to isolates of the PVYN strain group. This discussion paper proposes that any newly found isolates should be described within the context of the original strain groups based on the original methods of distinguishing strains (i.e., tobacco and potato assays involving use of 'differential' potato cultivars). Additionally, sequence characterization of the complete genomes of isolates is highly recommended. However, it is acceptable to amend the names of PVY isolates with additional, specific codes to show that the isolate differs at the molecular, serological or phenotypic level from the typical strains within a strain group. The new isolates should preferably not be named using geographical, cultivar, or place-association designations. Since many new variants of PVY are being discovered, any new static classification system will be meaningless for the time being. A more systematic investigation and characterization of PVY from potato at the biological and molecular levels should eventually result in a biologically meaningful genetic strain concept. C1 [Singh, R. P.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. [Valkonen, J. P. T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, Helsinki, Finland. [Gray, S. M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY USA. [Boonham, N.] Cent Sci Lab, Sand Hutton, Yorks, England. [Jones, R. A. C.] Agr Res W Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. [Kerlan, C.] INRA, UMR, Le Rheu, France. [Schubert, J.] Inst Resistenforschung & Pathogendiag, BAZ, Quedlinburg, Germany. RP Singh, RP (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, POB 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. EM singhr@agr.gc.ca RI Jones, Roger/B-1200-2011 OI Jones, Roger/0000-0003-3593-3102 NR 100 TC 131 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1059-1 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 252VC UT WOS:000252473800001 PM 17943395 ER PT J AU Hunnicutt, LE Mozoruk, J Hunter, WB Crosslin, JM Cave, RD Powell, CA AF Hunnicutt, L. E. Mozoruk, J. Hunter, W. B. Crosslin, J. M. Cave, R. D. Powell, C. A. TI Prevalence and natural host range of Homalodisca coagulata virus-1 (HoCV-1) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; GENOME SEQUENCE; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA AB Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of picorna-like virus particles presumed to be Homalodisca coagulata virus-1 (HoCV-1) in the midgut region of adult glassy-winged sharpshooters (GWSS). In addition, we offer a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of this virus with a sensitivity of similar to 95 genome equivalents. A survey employing this assay in conjunction with GWSS samples collected throughout the United States including California, Hawaii, Florida Georgia, and the Carolinas revealed a fairly widespread pattern of distribution, although potentially restricted to temperate regions, areas with elevated host densities, or to populations of a common origin. The virus was found to naturally infect adults regardless of host plant and was not specific to a particular lifestage or sex. Examination of alternate leafhopper species further demonstrated that, although infection is not ubiquitous to all sharpshooter genera, HoCV-1 is not limited to Homalodisca vitripennis (=H. coagulata). C1 [Hunnicutt, L. E.; Mozoruk, J.; Hunter, W. B.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Cave, R. D.; Powell, C. A.] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1066-2 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 252VC UT WOS:000252473800006 PM 17906830 ER PT S AU Amstrup, SC Marcot, BG Douglas, DC AF Amstrup, Steven C. Marcot, Bruce G. Douglas, David C. BE DeWeaver, ET Bitz, CM Tremblay, LB TI A Bayesian Network Modeling Approach to Forecasting the 21st Century Worldwide Status of Polar Bears SO ARCTIC SEA ICE DECLINE: OBSERVATIONS, PROJECTIONS, MECHANISMS, AND IMPLICATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; RINGED SEAL; BELIEF NETWORKS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; HABITAT SELECTION AB To inform the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision, whether or not to list polar bears as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), we projected the status of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) for decades centered on future years 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2095. We defined four ecoregions based on current and projected sea ice conditions: seasonal ice, Canadian Archipelago, polar basin divergent, and polar basin convergent ecoregions. We incorporated general circulation model projections of future sea ice into a Bayesian network (BN) model structured around the factors considered in ESA decisions. This first-generation BN model combined empirical data, interpretations of data, and professional judgments of one polar bear expert into a probabilistic framework that identifies causal links between environmental stressors and polar bear responses. We provide guidance regarding steps necessary to refine the model, including adding inputs from other experts. The BN model projected extirpation of polar bears from the seasonal ice and polar basin divergent ecoregions, where approximate to 2/3 of the world's polar bears currently occur, by mid century. Projections were less dire in other ecoregions. Decline in ice habitat was the overriding factor driving the model outcomes. Although this is a first-generation model, the dependence of polar bears on sea ice is universally accepted, and the observed sea ice decline is faster than models suggest. Therefore, incorporating judgments of multiple experts in a final model is not expected to fundamentally alter the outlook for polar bears described here. C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM samstrup@usgs.gov NR 124 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-445-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 180 BP 213 EP 268 DI 10.1029/180GM14 D2 10.1029/GM180 PG 56 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKA21 UT WOS:000267579700013 ER PT J AU Faust, RM AF Faust, Robert M. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI General Introduction to Areawide Pest Management SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE; RESEARCH-SERVICE; PROGRAM; SUPPRESSION; TICKS C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Faust, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,Room 4-2228,Mailstop 5139, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rml@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0001 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500002 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Onstad, DW Brewer, MJ AF Elliott, Norman C. Onstad, David W. Brewer, Michael J. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI History and Ecological Basis for Areawide Pest Management SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; RESISTANCE; PYRALIDAE; DYNAMICS; COTTON; FIELD; POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; THRESHOLDS C1 [Elliott, Norman C.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Onstad, David W.] Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Brewer, Michael J.] Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Onstad, David W.] Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr 278, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 15 EP 33 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0015 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500003 ER PT B AU Nowierski, RM Meyer, HJ AF Nowierski, Robert M. Meyer, Hendrik J. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI Establishing Inter-agency, Multidisciplinary Areawide Pest Management Programmes SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Nowierski, Robert M.] USDA CSREES, Natl Program Leader Biobased Pest Management, Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Meyer, Hendrik J.] USDA CSREES, Natl Program Leader Entomol, Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Nowierski, RM (reprint author), USDA CSREES, Natl Program Leader Biobased Pest Management, Waterfront Ctr, 3443 Waterfront Ctr,800 9th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM rnowierski@csrees.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 34 EP 59 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0034 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500004 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Noma, T Elliott, NC AF Brewer, Michael J. Noma, Takuji Elliott, Norman C. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI A Landscape Perspective in Managing Vegetation for Beneficial Plant-Pest-Natural Enemy Interactions: a Foundation for Areawide Pest Management SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID APHELINUS-ASYCHIS HYMENOPTERA; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; DIPTERAN PREDATORS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LYSIPHLEBUS-TESTACEIPES; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; SPATIAL SCALES C1 [Brewer, Michael J.; Noma, Takuji] Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Elliott, Norman C.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Brewer, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, Dept Entomol, CIPS Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0081 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500006 ER PT J AU Catana, V Elliott, N Giles, K Mirik, M Porter, D Hein, G Peairs, F Michels, J AF Catana, Vasile Elliott, Norman Giles, Kris Mirik, Mustafa Porter, David Hein, Gary Peairs, Frank Michels, Jerry BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI The Role of Databases in Areawide Pest Management SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION; SYSTEM; APHID; PLANT; WEB C1 [Catana, Vasile; Giles, Kris] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elliott, Norman; Porter, David] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Mirik, Mustafa; Michels, Jerry] Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Hein, Gary] Univ Nebraska, Panhandle R&E Ctr, Dept Entomol, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Peairs, Frank] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Catana, V (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM vasile.catana@okstate.edu; Norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov; kris.giles@olastate.edu; Norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 142 EP 158 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0142 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500009 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, Alan L. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI Codling Moth Areawide Integrated Pest Management SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CYDIA-POMONELLA L; MATING DISRUPTION; APPLE ORCHARDS; LEPIDOPTERA-TORTRICIDAE; SEX-PHEROMONE; AZINPHOSMETHYL RESISTANCE; OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; WASHINGTON-STATE C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.usda.gov NR 109 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 159 EP 190 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0159 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 32 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500010 ER PT J AU Chandler, LD Coppedge, JR Edwards, CR Tollefson, JJ Wilde, GR Faust, RM AF Chandler, Laurence D. Coppedge, James R. Edwards, C. Richard Tollefson, Jon J. Wilde, Gerald R. Faust, Robert M. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI Corn Rootworm Areawide Pest Management in the Midwestern USA SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIABROTICITE BEETLES COLEOPTERA; SEMIOCHEMICAL-BASED BAITS; CHRYSOMELIDAE CONTROL; INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT; SOIL INSECTICIDES; TOXIC BAIT; WESTERN; ATTRACTANTS; PROGRAMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 [Chandler, Laurence D.] USDA ARS NPA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Coppedge, James R.] USDA ARS SPA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Edwards, C. Richard] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tollefson, Jon J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wilde, Gerald R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Faust, Robert M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chandler, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS NPA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 300, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM larry.chandler@ars.usda.gov; rml@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 191 EP 207 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500011 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, DW Flinn, PW Reed, CR Phillips, TW AF Hagstrum, David W. Flinn, Paul W. Reed, Carl R. Phillips, Thomas W. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI Stored-grain Insect Areawide Pest Management SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELEVATORS; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; RESIDUES; BEETLES; BINS C1 [Hagstrum, David W.; Flinn, Paul W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Reed, Carl R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Phillips, Thomas W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 226 EP 243 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0226 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500013 ER PT B AU Aubuchon, MD Vander Meer, RK AF Aubuchon, M. D. Vander Meer, R. K. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI Areawide Suppression of Fire Ants SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; POPULATIONS; INVASION; STINGS C1 [Aubuchon, M. D.; Vander Meer, R. K.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Aubuchon, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM MattAubuchon-ARS@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0261 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500015 ER PT J AU Carruthers, RI DeLoach, CJ Herr, JC Anderson, GL Knutson, AE AF Carruthers, Raymond I. DeLoach, C. Jack Herr, John C. Anderson, Gerald L. Knutson, Allen E. BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI Salt Cedar Areawide Pest Management in the Western USA SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX SPP.; ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; ASIAN LEAF BEETLE; DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; UNITED-STATES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; WATER SALVAGE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TAMARICACEAE C1 [Carruthers, Raymond I.; Herr, John C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [DeLoach, C. Jack] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Anderson, Gerald L.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Ctr, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Knutson, Allen E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dallas, TX USA. [Knutson, Allen E.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dallas, TX USA. RP Carruthers, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ric@pw.usda.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 271 EP 299 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0271 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500016 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Mau, RFL Jang, EB Faust, RM Wong, L AF Vargas, Roger I. Mau, Ronald F. L. Jang, Eric B. Faust, Robert M. Wong, Lyle BE Koul, O Cuperus, G Elliott, N TI The Hawaii Fruit Fly Areawide Pest Management Programme SO AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MELON FLIES DIPTERA; PSYTTALIA-FLETCHERI HYMENOPTERA; DORSALIS HENDEL DIPTERA; MALE ANNIHILATION; METHYL EUGENOL; BAIT SPRAY; DACUS-DORSALIS; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE POPULATION C1 [Vargas, Roger I.; Jang, Eric B.] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mau, Ronald F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Faust, Robert M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wong, Lyle] Hawaii Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Honolulu, HI 96823 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM Roger.Vargas@ars.usda.gov; rml@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-372-2 PY 2008 BP 300 EP 325 DI 10.1079/9781845933722.0300 D2 10.1079/9781845933722.0000 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB89 UT WOS:000293383500017 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Hess, BW Olson, RA Schuman, GE AF Derner, Justin D. Hess, Bret W. Olson, Richard A. Schuman, Gerald E. TI Functional group and species responses to precipitation in three semi-arid rangeland ecosystems SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bare ground; basal cover; foliar cover; forage production; northern mixed-grass prairie; sagebrush grassland; shortgrass steppe ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; FORAGE PRODUCTION; PLANT-PRODUCTION; USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB The objective of this study was to compare forage production and foliar and basal cover responses of plant communities, plant functional groups, and individual species between years with below average (2004) and well above-average (2005) spring precipitation in three semi-arid rangeland ecosystems (shortgrass steppe, northern mixed-grass prairie, and sagebrush grassland). Foliar and basal cover at the time of a peak standing crop were visually estimated using modified Daubenmire cover categories, and forage production by species was harvested from areas that had been excluded from large herbivores. Responses of forage production to precipitation, but not foliar and basal cover, were similar for the three semi-arid ecosystems. Total forage production was more responsive (75-159%) than basal (8-35%) or foliar (2-29%) cover to increasing precipitation. Absolute (1016 kg center dot ha(-1)) and relative (159%) increases in total forage production from 2004 to 2005 were greatest for the shortgrass steppe. Forage production increases were largely attributable to greater production by C3 perennial graminoids in each ecosystem; increases in basal and foliar cover for this plant functional group were observed in shortgrass steppe and sagebrush grassland, but not in northern mixed-grass prairie. Fine-scale inputs of species and plant functional group responses to precipitation will further the accuracy of forage prediction models in predicting both total biomass production and relative proportions of plant biomass. C1 [Derner, Justin D.; Schuman, Gerald E.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Hess, Bret W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Olson, Richard A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1080/15324980701784274 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 247ED UT WOS:000252059200006 ER PT J AU Teague, WR Duke, SE Waggoner, JA Dowhower, SL Gerrard, SA AF Teague, W. Richard Duke, Sara E. Waggoner, J. Alan Dowhower, Steve L. Gerrard, Shannon A. TI Rangeland vegetation and soil response to summer patch fires under continuous grazing SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brush; cactus; honey mesquite; north Texas; prescribed burning; rangeland restoration ID WEIGHT-RANK METHOD; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MANAGEMENT; MESQUITE; SAVANNA; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; TEXAS AB Prescribed fire is used to reduce woody plant and cactus cover and restore degraded rangelands in the southern Great Plains, but little is known regarding the impact of summer fires. We evaluated the effects of summer fires applied as patch burns in continuously grazed rangeland in north Texas. Vegetation and soil responses were measured on patches burned within grazing units in the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2000 relative to that on adjacent unburned control areas in the same grazing units. Annual rainfall during the study was below average for six burns (1998 and 1999) and average or above for three burns (2000). If average rainfall preceded and followed summer burning, degradation was limited to a modest increase in bare ground which recovered to exceed unburned control levels within 2 years. However, when drought conditions preceded and followed burning, there was an increase in bare ground and the proportion of annual forbs and annual grasses at the expense of perennial grasses. These areas took 3-5 years to recover. Areas burned in any year did not recover until after a season of favorable precipitation. The degree of degradation was proportional to the severity of drought conditions. The fires reduced the cover of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), other shrubs and cactus (Opuntia spp.), which facilitated herbaceous recovery, mitigating the negative impacts of burning in summer and the increased herbivory on the burned patches. Increases in herbaceous species composition were positively related to woody plant and cactus reduction following fire treatment. Results suggest that summer burning may be an effective and low-cost means of controlling problem plants, increasing pasture heterogeneity, and reducing herbivore impact on intensively grazed patches. However, before the practice of summer burning can be advocated, research needs to determine if post-burn deferment will facilitate more rapid recovery through regulating herbivory after burning to increase the recovery of litter and herbaceous cover and restore desired herbaceous species composition and production. C1 [Teague, W. Richard; Waggoner, J. Alan; Dowhower, Steve L.; Gerrard, Shannon A.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas Agrilife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Duke, Sara E.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. RP Teague, WR (reprint author), Texas A&M Syst, Texas Agrilife Res, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM r-teague@tamu.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 EI 1532-4990 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 228 EP 241 DI 10.1080/15324980802183210 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 327PJ UT WOS:000257740700005 ER PT S AU TenWolde, A AF TenWolde, Anton GP ASHRAE TI ASHRAE standard 160P - Criteria for moisture control design analysis in buildings SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JAN 20-23, 2008 CL New York, NY SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB In 1996, ASHRAE formed a new Standard Project Committee, ASHRAE 160P to develop a standard for moisture control in buildings. The draft standard - "Criteria for Moisture Control Design Analysis in Buildings" - intends to provide performance-based procedures for moisture design analysis for buildings. The standard sets criteria for moisture design loads, moisture analysis methods, and building performance and applies to the above-grade portions of all types of buildings. It can be used for design analysis of the above-grade portion of the building envelope or help guide specifications for HVAC equipment and controls. Eventually it should form the basis for moisture design rules based on a uniform set of design assumptions and loads. This paper describes the rationale behind this standard, its current outline, and its potential uses. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP TenWolde, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BIA58 UT WOS:000257939700022 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI To what extent can food-based approaches improve micronutrient status? SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Asian Congress of Nutrition CY SEP, 2007 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE micronutrients; animal source foods; plant source foods; food-based strategies ID ZINC-ABSORPTION; IRON STORES; WOMEN; SCHOOLCHILDREN AB The main dietary sources of micronutrients are animal source foods, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Animal source foods are the only source of some micronutrients and the main dietary source of others. Micronutrient status and child development are improved by animal source food interventions in populations that habitually consume low amounts. Of particular concern is the high global prevalence of vitamin B12 depletion, which is associated with low animal source food intake. Some fruits and vegetables can supply vitamin A requirements even with the lower amounts of fat typically consumed in many countries. However, plant source foods are unlikely to supply enough iron, zinc and vitamin B12, even if strategies such as consuming ascorbic-acid rich foods to increase iron absorption are adopted. Identification of mineral-rich varieties of cereals and legumes may improve the future situation. Complementary foods for infants and young children are unlikely to meet micronutrient requirements, especially for iron and zinc, unless they are fortified. Other strategies to improve micronutrient status, such as fortification and supplementation, have limitations and should not replace food-based strategies. Moreover, food-based strategies will improve dietary quality in general and are consistent with the global need to lower the risk of chronic disease and overweight. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI SOUTHBANK PA EMERALD HILL CLINIC 157 CLARENDON ST, SOUTHBANK, VIC 3006, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288LM UT WOS:000254987900026 PM 18296313 ER PT J AU Hou, CT AF Hou, Ching T. TI New bioactive fatty acids SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Asian Congress of Nutrition CY SEP, 2007 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE oxygenated fatty acids; antimicrobials; anti-plant pathogenic fungi; bioactive fatty acids; biocatalysis ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; LINOLEIC-ACID; OLEIC-ACID; COMPOUND; BIOCONVERSION AB Many oxygenated fatty acids are bioactive compounds. Nocardia cholesterolicum and Flavobacterium DS5 convert oleic acid to 10 hydroxy stearic acid and linoleic acid to 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadccanoicacid. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 converts oleic acid to the new compounds, 7, 10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) through 10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid, and racinoleic acid to 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid. DOD showed antibacterial activity including against food-borne pathogens. Bacillus megaterium ALA2 converted n-6 and n-3 PUFAs to many new oxygenated fatty acids. For example: linoleic acid was converted to 12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid and then to 12,13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DHOA). From here, there are two bioconversion pathways. The major pathway is: 12,13-DHOA -> 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(S)-octadecenoic acid (THOA) -> 12,17; 13,17-diepoxy-16-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DEOA) -> 7-hydroxy-DEOA. The minor pathway is: 12,13-DHOA -> 12,13,16-THOA -> 12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid. 12,13,17-THOA has anti-plant pathogenic fungal activity. The tetrahydrofuranyl moiety is known in anti cancer drugs. Strain ALA2 also converts other n-3 and n-6 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DRA) and arachidonic acid (AA) to many new oxygenated unsaturated fatty acid products. All of these new products have high potential for antimicrobial agents or biomedical applications. We also screened 12 Mortierella fungal strains from the ARS Culture Collection for the production of bioactive fatty acids such as dihomo-gama-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid. All of the strains tested produced AA and DGLA from glucose or glycerol. The top five AA producers (mg AA/g CDW) were in the following order: M alpina > M zychae > M hygrophila > M minutissima > M parvispora. Both AA and DGLA are important natural precursors of a large family of prostaglandin and thromboxane groups. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Ching.Hou@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI SOUTHBANK PA EMERALD HILL CLINIC 157 CLARENDON ST, SOUTHBANK, VIC 3006, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288LM UT WOS:000254987900048 PM 18296335 ER PT J AU Chen, CYO Blumberg, JB AF Chen, C-Y Oliver Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Phytochemical composition of nuts SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Asian Congress of Nutrition CY SEP, 2007 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE nuts; phytochemicals; chronic disease; nutrition; polyphenols ID PLANT STEROLS; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; RESVERATROL; CONSUMPTION AB Observational studies suggest nut consumption is inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In addition to being rich in several vitamins and minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, and fiber, tree nuts and peanuts contain numerous phytochemicals that may contribute to promoting health and reducing the risk of chronic disease. While many of these bioactive constituents remain to be fully identified and characterized, broad classes include carotenoids, phenols, and phytosterols. Phytosterols in nuts range from 95-280 mg/100 g. alpha- and beta-Carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin are found in mu g/100 g amounts in some nuts but at 1-3 mg/ 100 g in pistachios and none at all in Brazils, macadamias, and peanuts. Phenols, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes, are present in nuts. Walnuts are particularly rich in total phenols with 1625 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g. The stilbene resveratrol is found in peanuts and pistachios at 84 and 115 mu g/100 g, respectively. The flavonoid content of nuts as provided in USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, lists totals in pecans at 34, almonds at 15, and pistachios and hazelnuts at 12 mg/100 g. Proanthocyanidins are found in almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, peanuts, and walnuts, with concentrations varying from 9-494 mg/100 g. Nut phytochemicals have been associated with numerous bioactivities known to affect the initiation and progression of several pathogenic processes. However, as complete phytochemical profiles are lacking for most nuts, information is limited regarding their bioavailability and metabolism, so further research on this topic is warranted. C1 [Chen, C-Y Oliver; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu NR 15 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 25 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI SOUTHBANK PA EMERALD HILL CLINIC 157 CLARENDON ST, SOUTHBANK, VIC 3006, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288LM UT WOS:000254987900083 PM 18296370 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Janeczko, MJ Stoll, B AF Burrin, Douglas G. Janeczko, Michael J. Stoll, Barbara TI Emerging aspects of dietary glutamate metabolism in the developing gut SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Asian Congress of Nutrition CY SEP, 2007 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE neonatal; neurotransmitter; intestinal oxidation; amino acids; monosodium glutamate ID NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; ENTERAL GLUTAMATE; SPLANCHNIC BED; INFANT PIGS; AMINO-ACIDS; FED PIGLETS; RECEPTORS; TRANSPORTERS AB Glutamate is a major constituent of dietary protein and is also consumed in many prepared foods as a flavour additive in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that glutamate is the major oxidative fuel for the gut and that dietary glutamate is extensively metabolized in first-pass by the intestinal enterocytes. Glutamate also is an important precursor for bioactive molecules, including glutathione, and functions as a key neurotransmitter. The central importance of glutamate as an oxidative fuel may have therapeutic potential for improving function of the infant gut, which exhibits a high rate of epithelial cell turnover. Our recent studies in infant pigs show that when MSG is fed at higher (4-fold) than normal dietary quantities, the majority (similar to 70%) of glutamate molecule is either oxidized as energy or metabolized by the mucosa into other nonessential amino acids. Our results also showed that at high dietary intakes the rate of MSG absorption is higher when given via the intragastric compared to intraduodenal route. This intriguing finding implies that gastric glutamate transport may be physiologically significant and warrants further research into the role of MSG in gastric development and function during infancy. C1 [Burrin, Douglas G.; Janeczko, Michael J.; Stoll, Barbara] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920] NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI SOUTHBANK PA EMERALD HILL CLINIC 157 CLARENDON ST, SOUTHBANK, VIC 3006, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288LM UT WOS:000254987900094 PM 18296381 ER PT J AU Chen, CM Lin, YL Chen, CYO Hsu, CY Shieh, MJ Liu, JF AF Chen, Chiao-Ming Lin, Ya-Ling Chen, C-Y Oliver Hsu, Ching-Yun Shieh, Ming-Jer Liu, Jen-Fang TI Consumption of purple sweet potato leaves decreases lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in humans SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE purple sweet potato leaves; polyphenols; lipid peroxidation; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; DNA damage ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; VITAMIN-E; IN-VITRO; EX-VIVO; POLYPHENOLS; FLAVONOIDS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Consumption of polyphenols is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, possibly via a variety of biomechanisms, including antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Purple sweet potato leaves (PSPL) commonly consumed in Asia possess polyphenols. In this study, we aim to investigate antioxidant effect of 200 g/d PSPL containing 902 mg polyphenols in a clinical trial. This randomized, crossover clinical study included 16 healthy adults (7 M, 9 F; aged 20-22 y). After a 1-wk run period, subjects were assigned randomly to receive either PSPL or low polyphenol diet (LPD) for 2 wks, followed by a 2-wk washout period before crossing over to the alternate diet. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected front each subject at day 0, 7 and 14 of each phase. Our data showed PSPL consumption enhanced urinary total phenol excretion by 24.5% at day 14 as compared to day 0, while the LPD decreased total phenol content in plasma and urine by 3.3 and 16.3%, respectively (p <= 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein lag time and glutathione concentration in erythrocytes at day 14 was significantly enhanced by 15.0 and 33.3% by PSPL as compared to day 0, respectively, while their values were not altered by the LPD. Urinary 8-hydoxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion decreased significantly by PSPL consumptoin by 36.7% at day 7 as compared to day 0, yet unchanged by the LPD (p :! 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that polyphenols in 200 g PSPL were bio-available and could enhance antioxidant defense and decrease oxidative stress in young healthy people. C1 [Chen, Chiao-Ming; Lin, Ya-Ling; Shieh, Ming-Jer; Liu, Jen-Fang] Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Sci, Taipei 110, Taiwan. [Chen, Chiao-Ming] Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Pharm, Taipei 110, Taiwan. [Chen, Chiao-Ming] Taipei Med Univ Hosp, Dept Dietet, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, C-Y Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hsu, Ching-Yun] Chang Gung Inst Technol, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. RP Shieh, MJ (reprint author), Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Sci, 250 Wu Shing St, Taipei 110, Taiwan. EM clark@tmu.edu.tw; liujenfa@tmu.edu.tw FU Taipei Medical University Hospital [94TMU-TMUH-05]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 94-2320-B-038-045] FX We gratefully thank the staff of the schools as well as the volunteers for their participation in the study. Support was provided by the grant 94TMU-TMUH-05 from the Taipei Medical University & Hospital and NSC 94-2320-B-038-045 from the National Science Council of Taiwan. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI SOUTHBANK PA EMERALD HILL CLINIC 157 CLARENDON ST, SOUTHBANK, VIC 3006, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 362KC UT WOS:000260195600007 PM 18818160 ER PT B AU Peterson, SW Varga, J Frisvad, JC Samson, RA AF Peterson, Stephen W. Varga, Janos Frisvad, Jens C. Samson, Robert A. BE Varga, J Samson, RA TI Phylogeny and subgeneric taxonomy of Aspergillus SO ASPERGILLUS IN THE GENOMIC ERA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Aspergillus; phylogeny; classification ID METABOLIC PRODUCTS; FUNGAL PRODUCTS; AFLATOXIN B-1; OCHRATOXIN-A; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; WENTII; MICROORGANISMS; PANAMENSIS; CIRCUMDATI; NOV AB The phylogeny of the genus Aspergillus and its teleomorphs is discussed based on multilocus sequence data. DNA sequence analysis was used to formulate a nucleotide sequence framework of the genus and to analyse character changes in relationship to the phylogeny hypothesised from the DNA sequence analysis. The sequence data used to delineate subgeneric taxa included partial calmodulin, rDNA and RNA polymerase gene sequences. In our phylogenic structure of Aspergillus extrolite data of the various Aspergillus taxa collected from ex-type cultures and numerous other isolates are also discussed. A new subgeneric classification is proposed which includes 8 subgenera and 22 sections within the genus Aspergillus. Characteristics of these taxa are briefly discussed in this chapter. C1 [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Varga, Janos; Samson, Robert A.] CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Varga, Janos] Univ Szeged, Fac Sci & Informat, Dept Microbiol, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. [Frisvad, Jens C.] Tech Univ Denmark, BioCtr DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 58 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-635-9; 978-90-8686-065-4 PY 2008 BP 33 EP 56 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-635-9 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology GA BFP57 UT WOS:000320882800003 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC AF Ehrlich, Kenneth C. BE Varga, J Samson, RA TI Genetic diversity in Aspergillus flavus and its implications for agriculture SO ASPERGILLUS IN THE GENOMIC ERA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE fungal diversity; evolution; biosynthesis; sclerotia; vegetative compatibility ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SECTION FLAVI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; HETEROKARYON INCOMPATIBILITY; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; PROVIDES EVIDENCE; FLANKING REGIONS; PATHWAY GENES; UNITED-STATES AB Aspergillus flavus is the most common species associated with agricultural aflatoxin contamination. A. flavus soil populations contain isolates from two morphologically distinct sclerotial size variants, termed the L-strain for isolates with average sclerotial size greater than 400 mu m and the S-strain for isolates with sclerotial size less that 400 mu m. On typical laboratory growth media S-strain isolates produce higher levels of aflatoxins, more abundant sclerotia, and fewer conidia. Atoxigenic S-strain isolates are very rarely found in natural environments, whereas as much as 40% of the L-strain isolates can be atoxigenic. A. oryzae, used in some food fermentation processes, is a variant atoxigenic A. flavus with characteristics of either S or L strain isolates. A. flavus lacks the ability to produce G-aflatoxins due to a gap in the cluster that includes a required cytochrome P450-encoding gene, cypA. The size of the deletion that causes loss of a portion of cypA is 1.5 kb for S-strain isolates and 0.8 kb for L-strain isolates. Soil populations of A. flavus are typically composed of isolates from hundreds of different vegetative compatibility groups. Although frequent genetic exchange among these groups has not been observed, historical recombination in populations probably has occurred. Based on the phylogenetic relationship of A. flavus and A. oryzae, S-strain isolates and some A. oryzae isolates are most likely descended from an aflatoxin-producing L-strain common ancestor. We hypothesise that the frequent loss of aflatoxin-producing ability in A. flavus isolates from agricultural soil could be a consequence of adaptation to a carbon-rich environment that makes the aflatoxin cluster less genetically stable. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-635-9 PY 2008 BP 233 EP 247 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-635-9 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology GA BFP57 UT WOS:000320882800011 ER PT J AU Perez-Suarez, M Fenn, ME Cetina-Alcala, VM Aldrete, A AF Perez-Suarez, M. Fenn, M. E. Cetina-Alcala, V. M. Aldrete, A. TI The effects of canopy cover on throughfall and soil chemistry in two forest sites in the Mexico City air basin SO ATMOSFERA LA English DT Article DE throughfall; canopy leaf area; soil enrichment; Mexico City air basin; atmospheric deposition ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NUTRIENT STATUS; SACRED FIR; SULFUR DEPOSITION; DRAINAGE WATERS; RED SPRUCE; NITROGEN; DRY; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION AB Throughfall and soil chemistry were compared in two sites with differing atmospheric deposition: Desierto de los Leones National Park (high atmospheric deposition) and Zoquiapan National Park (low atmospheric deposition). Throughfall fluxes of NO3-, SO42-, Ca, Mg and K were compared under two canopy cover types: Abies religiosa Schl. (fir) and Pinus hartwegii Lindl. (pine), in comparison with sites without cover canopy, e.g. forests clearings. Throughfall fluxes decreased in the following order: fir > pine > forest clearing. Nitrogen balance under canopy of fir and pine resulted in negative values for net throughfall of NH4+ at Desierto de los Leones and Zoquiapan, while NO3-, only resulted in negative values under canopy cover at the low deposition site. With few exceptions, concentrations of total C, N and S, soluble SO2-, and Ca2+ were higher in soil under fir canopies than under pine or in forest clearings. In polluted sites, the densely foliated fir canopies generally resulted in higher throughfall fluxes and soil accumulation of N, S and Mg compared to pine canopies or open areas. The elevated atmospheric depositions affect the functional process of forest ecosystem, particularly the throughfall and nutrients intern cycle, and these effects depend of the cover and present tree species. C1 [Perez-Suarez, M.] IPICYT, San Luis Potosi 2055, Mexico. [Fenn, M. E.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Cetina-Alcala, V. M.; Aldrete, A.] Inst Recursos Nat, Col Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. RP Perez-Suarez, M (reprint author), IPICYT, San Luis Potosi 2055, Mexico. EM marlin@lpicyt.edu.mx NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTRO CIENCIAS ATMOSFERA UNAM PI MEXICO CITY PA CIRCUITO EXTERIOR, MEXICO CITY CU 04510, MEXICO SN 0187-6236 J9 ATMOSFERA JI Atmosfera PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 83 EP 100 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 257YB UT WOS:000252834300005 ER PT S AU Bolten, J Crow, W Zhan, X Reynolds, C AF Bolten, J. Crow, W. Zhan, X. Reynolds, C. BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Implementation of a global-scale operational data assimilation system for satellite-based soil moisture retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE soil moisture; remote sensing; passive; microwave; data assimilation ID AMSR-E AB Timely and accurate monitoring of global weather anomalies and drought conditions is essential for assessing global crop conditions. Soil moisture observations are particularly important for crop yield fluctuations provided by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Production Estimation and Crop Assessment Division (PECAD). The current system utilized by PECAD estimates soil moisture from a 2-layer water balance model based on precipitation and temperature data from World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and US Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). The accuracy of this system is highly dependent on the data sources used; particularly the accuracy, consistency, and spatial and temporal coverage of the land and climatic data input into the models. However, many regions of the globe lack observations at the temporal and spatial resolutions required by PECAD. This study incorporates NASA's soil moisture remote sensing product provided by the EOS Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) into the U.S. Department of Agriculture Crop Assessment and Data Retrieval (CADRE) decision support system. A quasi-global-scale operational data assimilation system has been designed and implemented to provide CADRE a daily product of integrated AMSR-E soil moisture observations with the PECAD two-layer soil moisture model forecasts. A methodology of the system design and a brief evaluation of the system performance over the Conterminous United States (CONUS) is presented. C1 [Bolten, J.; Crow, W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remotes Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bolten, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remotes Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Bolten, John/F-9006-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 70850K DI 10.1117/12.795272 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100013 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Ibrom, A AF Massman, W. J. Ibrom, A. TI Attenuation of concentration fluctuations of water vapor and other trace gases in turbulent tube flow SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; MASS; HUMIDITY; ACCOMMODATION; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSION; VELOCITY AB Recent studies with closed-path eddy covariance (EC) systems have indicated that the attenuation of fluctuations of water vapor concentration is dependent upon ambient relative humidity, presumably due to sorption/desorption of water molecules at the interior surface of the tube. Previous studies of EC-related tube attenuation effects have either not considered this issue at all or have only examined it superficially. Nonetheless, the attenuation of water vapor fluctuations is clearly much greater than might be expected from a passive tracer in turbulent tube flow. This study reexamines the turbulent tube flow issue for both passive and sorbing tracers with the intent of developing a physically-based semi-empirical model that describes the attenuation associated with water vapor fluctuations. Toward this end, we develop a new model of tube flow dynamics (radial profiles of the turbulent diffusivity and tube airstream velocity). We compare our new passive-tracer formulation with previous formulations in a systematic and unified way in order to assess how sensitive the passive-tracer results depend on fundamental modeling assumptions. We extend the passive tracer model to the vapor sorption/desorption case by formulating the model's wall boundary condition in terms of a physically-based semi-empirical model of the sorption/desorption vapor fluxes. Finally we synthesize all modeling and observational results into a single analytical expression that captures the effects of the mean ambient humidity and tube flow (Reynolds number) on tube attenuation. C1 [Massman, W. J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ibrom, A.] DTU, Riso Natl Lab, Bio Syst Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us OI Ibrom, Andreas/0000-0002-1341-921X FU EU-project ACCENT; Riso National Laboratory (DTU) FX Partial support for this study was provided to the first author by the EU-project ACCENT and Riso National Laboratory (DTU). I (wjm) would also like to thank the ACCENT and Riso staff members for their assistance and generosity and especially L. Kristensen for his encouragement and helpful discussions. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 20 BP 6245 EP 6259 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367NK UT WOS:000260558500017 ER PT J AU Frankel, SJ AF Frankel, Susan J. TI Sudden oak death and Phytophthora ramorum in the USA: a management challenge SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Conference of the Australasian-Plant-Pathology-Society CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Australasian Plant Pathol Soc ID FOREST TREES; LEAF-BLIGHT; 1ST REPORT; SP-NOV.; NURSERIES; RHODODENDRON; CALIFORNIA; ORNAMENTALS; PATHOGEN; DIEBACK AB Oaks and tanoaks in California and Oregon coastal forests are being ravaged by sudden oak death. The exotic causal agent, Phytophthora ramorum, is an oomycete in the Straminipile group, a relative of diatoms and algae. P. ramorum also infects many popular horticultural plants (i.e. camellia and rhododendron), causing ramorum blight, with symptoms expressed as leaf spots, twig blight and shoot dieback. P. ramorum has raised important biosecurity issues, which continue to reverberate through the agriculture, forestry and horticulture industries as well as associated government management, regulatory and scientific agencies. The continued spread of this and other new Phytophthora spp. presents significant impetus for adjustments in the management and regulation of forest pathogens and nursery stock. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Frankel, SJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sfrankel@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1071/AP07088 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 246ZZ UT WOS:000252048200002 ER PT J AU Bock, CH AF Bock, C. H. TI The effect of Alternaria brassicicola infection on the reproductive fitness of the naturally occurring littoral ruderals Cakile maritima and C-edentula SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; yield loss ID PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; MELAMPSORA-LINI; HOST; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; MARGINALE; SEEDS AB Cakile maritima and C. edentula are naturalised hosts of the necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola that occur along the coast of New South Wales, Australia. The effect of infection on the growth and reproduction of both host species was investigated. Plant height, leaf number and pod number of C. maritima were reduced by up to 69, 50 and 30% of the control, respectively, and similar responses were observed for plant, pod and seed weight. Regression analysis showed that A. brassicicola infection reduced various measures of host fitness and fecundity (plant weight, pod number and weight). Negative correlations existed between disease severity and measures of plant growth and reproductive ability, but a positive correlation existed with incidence of infected seed during pod maturation. The responses of C. edentula to infection were generally similar to those of C. maritima. These data show that infection with A. brassicicola can reduce the growth and reproductive potential of C. maritima and C. edentula. C1 [Bock, C. H.] USDA ARS USHRL, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Bock, C. H.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Ctr Plant Biodivers Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS USHRL, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM clivebock@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 569 EP 580 DI 10.1071/AP08057 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 351UR UT WOS:000259451900006 ER PT J AU Vieira, FCB He, ZL Wilson, PC Bayer, C Stoffella, PJ Baligar, VC AF Vieira, Frederico C. B. He, Zhenli L. Wilson, Patrick C. Bayer, Cimelio Stoffella, Peter J. Baligar, Virupax C. TI Response of representative cover crops to aluminum toxicity, phosphorus deprivation, and organic amendment SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE complexation; nutrient solution; organic acid exudation ID TILL CROPPING SYSTEMS; ZEA-MAYS L; TOLERANCE MECHANISM; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ACID EXUDATION; ROOT-GROWTH; RESISTANCE; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; DEFICIENCY AB This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of P depletion and presence of Al on root and shoot growth of representative cover crops, and on their nutrient uptake; (2) characterise the composition of root exudation under P and Al stress in nutrient solution; (3) evaluate the ability of aqueous extracts of composts in reducing Al phytotoxicity. Plants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), black oat (Avena strigosa), and lablab (Lablab purpureous) were cultivated in different nutrient solution compositions and concentrations for 3 weeks. It was found that Al at concentration of 20 and 200 mu mol/L increased citrate exudation at least 8 and 24 times, respectively, for cowpea and 18 and 36 times, respectively, for lablab, as compared with the blank. However, no release of organic acids occurred due to P deprivation, suggesting that citrate exudation was a specific response to excess Al. No response in organic acid release was observed for black oat under the stress of P deficiency or Al toxicity. Although the presence of Al in solution did not significantly affect chlorophyll content in leaves, it decreased root and shoot weight, as well as root length, surface area, volume, and number of tips. Organic extracts alleviated aluminum toxicity, improving plant growth and ameliorating plant nutrition status. Yard waste extract was more effective in enhancing plant growth than GreenEdge extract in plants under Al stress. C1 [Vieira, Frederico C. B.; He, Zhenli L.; Wilson, Patrick C.; Stoffella, Peter J.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Vieira, Frederico C. B.; Bayer, Cimelio] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Soil Sci, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crop Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM zhe@ufl.edu RI Vieira, Frederico/A-9728-2014; He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016; OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070; Vieira, Frederico/0000-0001-5565-7593 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1071/AR07120 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 251JX UT WOS:000252370400006 ER PT J AU Malinowski, DP Belesky, DP Kramp, BA Ruckle, J Kigel, J Pinchak, WE AF Malinowski, Dariusz P. Belesky, David P. Kramp, Betty A. Ruckle, Joyce Kigel, Jaime Pinchak, William E. TI A method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active tall fescue and orchardgrass accessions at germination stage SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cool-season grasses; dormancy; drought; southern Great Plains ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POA-BULBOSA; GRASSES; SEASON; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; PLAINS; NORTH AB Summer-dormant, cool-season perennial grasses are being used in place of traditional, summer-active cultivars for high-quality winter forage. One reason for this change is the ability of cultivars with summer-dormant attributes to tolerate increasing annual temperature, decreasing precipitation, and repeated severe summer droughts. The mechanism of summer dormancy is still not understood in detail. Cultivar development for summer dormancy typically is conducted under field conditions in environments where summer-active types do not survive summer weather conditions. We developed a method based on germination responses to photoperiod to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active types of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Seed of cultivars with known summer dormancy characteristics was germinated at a constant temperature of 24 degrees C under a range of photoperiods (0-24 h) for 14 days. Total germination, modelled cumulative germination, instantaneous rate of germination, and relative germination (to that in the dark) were analysed. Germination of summer-dormant orchardgrass was similar in the dark and short photoperiods (4-12 h), but it was inhibited by a photoperiod longer than 12 h. Germination of summer-active orchardgrass was promoted by any photoperiod compared with the control (0 h). Short photoperiods (4-12 h) promoted germination of summer-dormant tall fescue, while long photoperiods (>12 h) inhibited germination compared with germination in the dark. Summer-active types of tall fescue did not respond to photoperiod, regardless of length. A validation test using two Mediterranean origin cultivars of orchardgrass with contrasting summer dormancy characteristics and experimental lines of Mediterranean origin tall fescue with known expression of summer dormancy characteristics supported the use of seed germination analysis to differentiate among lines for this trait. C1 [Malinowski, Dariusz P.; Kramp, Betty A.; Pinchak, William E.] Texas AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Belesky, David P.; Ruckle, Joyce] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Kigel, Jaime] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Malinowski, DP (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM d-malinowski@tamu.edu FU Texas AgriLife Research (The Texas AM System); BARD [TB-8012-04]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund FX We appreciate the cooperation of the following seed companies and research institutions who donated seed of tall fescue and orchardgrass cultivars for this and our other ongoing experiments on the mechanisms of summer dormancy in cool-season grasses: AgResearch USA, Ltd, Barenbrug USA, DFL International Seeds, Inc., Round Butte Seed (USA), Seed Technology and Marketing Pty (Australia), and United Agro Products N.W. Seeds. We especially thank Dr Florence Volaire (INRA, France) and Dr Allen Newman (Heritage Seeds, Australia) for donating Medly and Currie orchardgrass, respectively. We also appreciate the cooperation of Juan Amadeo, Gentos Argentina, in evaluation of the experimental tall fescue lines. We thank Matt Angerer, Michael Burnett, and Royce Hammonds (technicians), and Ashley Bain and Josh Arismendez (summer student workers) for help with conducting the experiments. We appreciate the comments and suggestions of anonymous reviewers on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research project was funded by Texas AgriLife Research (The Texas A&M System) and Research Grant No. TB-8012-04 from BARD, The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1092 EP 1102 DI 10.1071/AR08084 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 370MA UT WOS:000260765100003 ER EF