FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ling, K Wechter, WP Somai, BM Walcott, RR Keinath, AP AF Ling, K. Wechter, W. P. Somai, B. M. Walcott, R. R. Keinath, A. P. TI Development of an improved real-time PCR system for broad-spectrum detection of diverse Didymella bryoniae genotypes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Keinath, A. P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Walcott, R. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ling, K.; Wechter, W. P.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600489 ER PT J AU Ling, K Wechter, WP Walcott, RR Keinath, AP AF Ling, K. Wechter, W. P. Walcott, R. R. Keinath, A. P. TI Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of three seedborne pathogen types in cucurbits SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Keinath, A. P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Walcott, R. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ling, K.; Wechter, W. P.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600490 ER PT J AU Ling, K Harris, K Meyer, JD Levi, A Guner, N Wehner, TC Havey, MJ AF Ling, K. Harris, K. Meyer, J. D. Levi, A. Guner, N. Wehner, T. C. Havey, M. J. TI CAPS markers in an eIF4E gene are linked to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus resistant locus in watermelon SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Meyer, J. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guner, N.; Wehner, T. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ling, K.; Harris, K.; Levi, A.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Havey, M. J.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600488 ER PT J AU Liu, G Jia, Y Correa-Victoria, FJ McClung, A Correll, JC AF Liu, G. Jia, Y. Correa-Victoria, F. J. McClung, A. Correll, J. C. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for sheath blight resistance in rice using recombinant inbred line population of LemontIJasmine 85 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Correll, J. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Jia, Y.; McClung, A.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Liu, G.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600492 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Halterman, D AF Liu, Z. Halterman, D. TI Investigating signaling components required for RB-mediated potato late blight resistance response by RNA interference in Agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthaminana SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Halterman, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS Vegetable Crops Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Halterman, Dennis/A-7630-2009; Liu, Zhenyu/C-1369-2014; Liu, Zhenyu /C-9814-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600498 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Nakhla, MK Levy, L AF Liu, Z. Nakhla, M. K. Levy, L. TI Detection and differentiation of Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) and morphologically similar species with the NanoChip (R) technology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Liu, Z.; Nakhla, M. K.; Levy, L.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600499 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Faris, JD Edwards, MC Friesen, TL AF Liu, Z. Faris, J. D. Edwards, M. C. Friesen, T. L. TI Molecular cloning of AvrHar from Pyrenophora teres f. teres SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Liu, Z.] Dept N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. [Faris, J. D.; Edwards, M. C.; Friesen, T. L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600501 ER PT J AU Locke, JC Omer, M Frantz, J Widrig, A Zellner, W Leisner, S Krause, C AF Locke, J. C. Omer, M. Frantz, J. Widrig, A. Zellner, W. Leisner, S. Krause, C. TI Potential for the use of silicon to alleviate disease stresses in floricultural crop production SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Locke, J. C.; Omer, M.; Frantz, J.; Widrig, A.; Krause, C.] USDA ARS ATRU, Toledo, OH USA. [Zellner, W.; Leisner, S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S93 EP S94 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600503 ER PT J AU Loper, JE Paulsen, I Bruck, D Pechy-Tarr, M Maurhofer, M Keel, C Gross, H AF Loper, J. E. Paulsen, I. Bruck, D. Pechy-Tarr, M. Maurhofer, M. Keel, C. Gross, H. TI Genomics of secondary metabolite production by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Paulsen, I.] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Maurhofer, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Loper, J. E.; Bruck, D.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gross, H.] Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Pechy-Tarr, M.; Keel, C.] Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S94 EP S94 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600507 ER PT J AU Luster, DG McMahon, MB Carter, ML AF Luster, D. G. McMahon, M. B. Carter, M. L. TI A small family of Phakopsora pachyrhizi proteins localized to the cell wall SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Luster, D. G.; McMahon, M. B.; Carter, M. L.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600513 ER PT J AU Lygin, A Li, S Widholm, J Lozovaya, V AF Lygin, A. Li, S. Widholm, J. Lozovaya, V. TI Metabolic events that are important for soybean rust resistance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Lygin, A.; Widholm, J.; Lozovaya, V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Li, S.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600514 ER PT J AU Lynch, RP Larkin, RP AF Lynch, R. P. Larkin, R. P. TI Managing soilborne potato diseases in the Northeast with Brassica rotations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Lynch, R. P.; Larkin, R. P.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S208 EP S208 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601142 ER PT J AU Ma, J Haudenshield, JS Hill, CB Hartman, GL AF Ma, J. Haudenshield, J. S. Hill, C. B. Hartman, G. L. TI A quantitative PCR assay for Macrophomina phaseolina SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. [Ma, J.; Haudenshield, J. S.; Hill, C. B.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S95 EP S96 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600515 ER PT J AU Mahaffee, W Johnson, K Neil, T Finn, C AF Mahaffee, W. Johnson, K. Neil, T. Finn, C. TI The distribution and epidemiology of Phragmidium violaceum (blackberry rust) in the western United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Johnson, K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mahaffee, W.; Neil, T.; Finn, C.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600519 ER PT J AU Manjunath, KL Harakava, R Ramadugu, C Yamamoto, P Halbert, S Lee, RF AF Manjunath, K. L. Harakava, R. Ramadugu, C. Yamamoto, P. Halbert, S. Lee, R. F. TI Monitoring management of huanglongbing disease of citrus in Brazil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Halbert, S.] DPI, Gainesville, FL USA. [Yamamoto, P.] Fundecitrus, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Harakava, R.] Inst Biol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Manjunath, K. L.; Lee, R. F.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Ramadugu, C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Yamamoto, Pedro/C-5069-2012; Harakava, Ricardo/C-4471-2012 OI Yamamoto, Pedro/0000-0001-8993-371X; Harakava, Ricardo/0000-0003-1431-2665 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S97 EP S97 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600523 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE AF Martin, R. R. Tzanetakis, I. E. TI Strawberry virus survey in the united states and Canada SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tzanetakis, I. E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S99 EP S99 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600533 ER PT J AU Mavrodieva, VA Negi, S Picton, D Levy, L Tooley, P Shishkoff, N Luster, D AF Mavrodieva, V. A. Negi, S. Picton, D. Levy, L. Tooley, P. Shishkoff, N. Luster, D. TI Development and validation of a tissue based panel for the P-ramorum proficiency testing program SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mavrodieva, V. A.; Negi, S.; Picton, D.; Levy, L.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shishkoff, N.; Luster, D.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600540 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Raaijmakers, JM AF Mazzola, M. Raaijmakers, J. M. TI Role of cyclic lipopeptide surfactants in bacterial defense against protozoan predation SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mazzola, M.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Raaijmakers, J. M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600542 ER PT J AU McClean, AE Duerkop, BA Greenberg, E Kluepfel, DA AF McClean, A. E. Duerkop, B. A. Greenberg, E. Kluepfel, D. A. TI Characterization of bruI, an expI-like autoinducer synthase gene, in Brenneria rubrifaciens, the causal agent of deep bark canker on walnut SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [McClean, A. E.; Kluepfel, D. A.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. [Duerkop, B. A.; Greenberg, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S101 EP S101 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600545 ER PT J AU McDonald, M Kooi, KV Tesfaendrias, MT Simon, P AF McDonald, M. Kooi, K. Vander Tesfaendrias, M. T. Simon, P. TI Carrot cavity spot incidence and severity as affected by pigmentation and weather SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Simon, P.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. [Simon, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [McDonald, M.; Kooi, K. Vander; Tesfaendrias, M. T.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S101 EP S101 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600547 ER PT J AU McGovern, RJ Silagyi, AJ Bledsoe, SM Strickland, JS Garces, JA Semer, CR Browning, J Agrios, GN AF McGovern, R. J. Silagyi, A. J. Bledsoe, S. M. Strickland, J. S. Garces, J. A. Semer, C. R. Browning, J. Agrios, G. N. TI University of Florida Plant Medicine Program: Leading in the success of an emerging profession SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Bledsoe, S. M.] Massey Serv Inc, Orlando, FL 32804 USA. [Garces, J. A.] Skinner Nurseries, Bunnell, FL 32110 USA. [Browning, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Silagyi, A. J.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Cooperat Agr Pest Survey, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Strickland, J. S.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Hernando Cty Extens Off, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [McGovern, R. J.; Agrios, G. N.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McGovern, R. J.; Semer, C. R.; Agrios, G. N.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Plant Med Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S102 EP S102 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600549 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, IM Jeffers, SN Waldrop, TA AF McLaughlin, I. M. Jeffers, S. N. Waldrop, T. A. TI Long-term effects of fuel reduction treatments on the incidence of Phytophthora spp. in soil of a hardwood forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [McLaughlin, I. M.; Jeffers, S. N.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Waldrop, T. A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S102 EP S102 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600552 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Esquivel, JF Bell, AA AF Medrano, E. G. Esquivel, J. F. Bell, A. A. TI Study of the progression of a cotton seed and boll bacterial infection resulting from vectoring of the phytopathogen by the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula L.) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Medrano, E. G.; Esquivel, J. F.; Bell, A. A.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S103 EP S103 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600554 ER PT J AU Mehdizadegan, F Redlin, S AF Mehdizadegan, F. Redlin, S. TI The current status of chrysanthemum white rust in the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mehdizadegan, F.; Redlin, S.] USDA, PPQ, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S103 EP S103 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600556 ER PT J AU Mehl, HL Cotty, PJ AF Mehl, H. L. Cotty, P. J. TI Variability in competitive ability among Aspergillus flavus vegetative compatibility groups during maize infection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mehl, H. L.; Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S103 EP S103 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600557 ER PT J AU Mekuria, TA Martin, RR Rayapati, NA AF Mekuria, T. A. Martin, R. R. Rayapati, N. A. TI The occurrence of a distinct variant of Grapevine fanleaf virus in Washington State vineyards SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mekuria, T. A.; Rayapati, N. A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S103 EP S104 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600559 ER PT J AU Mello, AFS Yokomi, RK Melcher, U Chen, JC Civerolo, E Wayadande, A Fletcher, J AF Mello, A. F. S. Yokomi, R. K. Melcher, U. Chen, J. C. Civerolo, E. Wayadande, A. Fletcher, J. TI New perspectives on the epidemiology of citrus stubborn disease in California orchards SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mello, A. F. S.; Melcher, U.; Wayadande, A.; Fletcher, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Yokomi, R. K.; Chen, J. C.; Civerolo, E.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S190 EP S190 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601042 ER PT J AU Mello, AS Yokomi, RK Payton, M Fletcher, J AF Mello, A. S. Yokomi, R. K. Payton, M. Fletcher, J. TI Citrus stubborn symptom severity and Spiroplasma citri location within the tree canopy SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Yokomi, R. K.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Mello, A. S.; Payton, M.; Fletcher, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600560 ER PT J AU Melnick, RL Bailey, BA Strem, MD Backman, PA AF Melnick, R. L. Bailey, B. A. Strem, M. D. Backman, P. A. TI Co-colonization of Theobroma cacao seedlings with bacterial and fungal endophytes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Melnick, R. L.; Backman, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bailey, B. A.; Strem, M. D.] USDA ARS, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Melnick, Rachel/B-1719-2013 OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S208 EP S208 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601144 ER PT J AU Melnick, RL Suarez, C Vera, DI Bailey, BA Backman, PA AF Melnick, R. L. Suarez, C. Vera, D. I. Bailey, B. A. Backman, P. A. TI Endospore-forming bacterial endophytes of cacao: Ecology and biological control of witches' broom SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Suarez, C.; Vera, D. I.] Inst Nacl Invest Agropecuarias, Estac Expt Trop Pichilingue, Quevedo, Los Rios, Ecuador. [Bailey, B. A.] USDA ARS, SPCL, Beltsville, MD USA. [Melnick, R. L.; Backman, P. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Melnick, Rachel/B-1719-2013 OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600561 ER PT J AU Melouk, H AF Melouk, H. TI Effect of water potential on sclerotial production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a culture medium SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Melouk, H.] OK State Univ, USDA ARS, ENTO & PLP, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600562 ER PT J AU Meyer, SL Zasada, IA Rice, C AF Meyer, S. L. Zasada, I. A. Rice, C. TI Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita population densities with DIBOA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Rice, C.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Meyer, S. L.; Zasada, I. A.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600567 ER PT J AU Mideros, SX Williams, WP Nelson, RJ AF Mideros, S. X. Williams, W. P. Nelson, R. J. TI Quantitative real-time PCR to differentiate infection levels of Aspergillus flavus in maize SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mideros, S. X.; Nelson, R. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Williams, W. P.] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RI Mideros, Santiago/C-5141-2012 OI Mideros, Santiago/0000-0002-8988-2964 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600571 ER PT J AU Mmbaga, MT Reed, SM Windham, M Yonghao, L Rinehart, TA AF Mmbaga, M. T. Reed, S. M. Windham, M. Yonghao, L. Rinehart, T. A. TI Disease resistance in commercial cultivars of Hydrangea macrophylla SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Mmbaga, M. T.] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Rinehart, T. A.] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. [Windham, M.; Yonghao, L.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600582 ER PT J AU Moore, GG Horn, BW Elliott, JL Hell, K Chulze, SN Wright, G Naik, MK Carbone, I AF Moore, G. G. Horn, B. W. Elliott, J. L. Hell, K. Chulze, S. N. Wright, G. Naik, M. K. Carbone, I. TI Evidence for geographic isolation and distinct patterns of recombination in the aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus flavus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Chulze, S. N.] Univ Nacl Rio Cuarto, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Cordoba, Argentina. [Moore, G. G.; Elliott, J. L.; Carbone, I.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Hell, K.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Cotonou, Benin. [Horn, B. W.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S109 EP S109 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600588 ER PT J AU Moore, SR Lawrence, KS Arriaga, FJ van Santen, E Burmester, CH AF Moore, S. R. Lawrence, K. S. Arriaga, F. J. van Santen, E. Burmester, C. H. TI Population dynamics and spatial distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis upon introduction into a cotton field SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Moore, S. R.; Lawrence, K. S.; van Santen, E.; Burmester, C. H.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Arriaga, F. J.] USDA ARS, Auburn, AL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S109 EP S109 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600587 ER PT J AU Nakhla, MK Owens, KJ Li, W Levy, L AF Nakhla, M. K. Owens, K. J. Li, W. Levy, L. TI Development of real-time PCR for the detection of exotic potyviruses infecting imported plant germplasm SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Nakhla, M. K.; Owens, K. J.; Li, W.; Levy, L.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600601 ER PT J AU Nakhla, MK Owens, KJ Li, W Carta, L Skantar, A Levy, L AF Nakhla, M. K. Owens, K. J. Li, W. Carta, L. Skantar, A. Levy, L. TI Development of real-time PCR for the detection and identification of potato cyst nematode SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Nakhla, M. K.; Owens, K. J.; Li, W.; Levy, L.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Skantar, A.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Carta, L.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600602 ER PT J AU Nelson, AH Weiland, JE Hudler, GW AF Nelson, A. H. Weiland, J. E. Hudler, G. W. TI Response of selected woody species to inoculation with Phytophthora citricola and P-cactorum from European beech using multiple inoculation methods SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Nelson, A. H.; Hudler, G. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Weiland, J. E.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S112 EP S113 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600609 ER PT J AU Njambere, EN Chen, W Frate, C Temple, S AF Njambere, E. N. Chen, W. Frate, C. Temple, S. TI Application of mycelial compatibility grouping in studying intra-field spread of Sclerotinia trifoliorum in a chickpea field SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Frate, C.; Temple, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600616 ER PT J AU Norelli, JL Gardiner, SE Malnoy, M Aldwinckle, HS Farrell, RE Horner, MB Celton, J Baldo, AM Bowatta, DR Carlisle, CM Lalli, DA Bassett, CL Wisniewski, ME AF Norelli, J. L. Gardiner, S. E. Malnoy, M. Aldwinckle, H. S. Farrell, R. E. Horner, M. B. Celton, J. Baldo, A. M. Bowatta, D. R. Carlisle, C. M. Lalli, D. A. Bassett, C. L. Wisniewski, M. E. TI Identification of gene-specific markers for resistance to Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) in Malus (apple) by a functional genomics approach SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Malnoy, M.; Aldwinckle, H. S.] Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. [Horner, M. B.] HortResearch, Havelock North, New Zealand. [Gardiner, S. E.; Celton, J.; Bowatta, D. R.; Carlisle, C. M.] HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Farrell, R. E.] Penn State Univ, York, PA USA. [Baldo, A. M.] USDA ARS, Geneva, NY USA. [Norelli, J. L.; Lalli, D. A.; Bassett, C. L.; Wisniewski, M. E.] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV USA. RI Gardiner, Susan/A-2477-2010 OI Gardiner, Susan/0000-0002-4884-8743 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600618 ER PT J AU Obuya, JO Hanson, LE Stump, WL Franc, GD AF Obuya, J. O. Hanson, L. E. Stump, W. L. Franc, G. D. TI A rapid diagnostic tool for detecting benzimidazole resistance in Cercospora beticola, the causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot in sugarbeet SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hanson, L. E.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS SBRU, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Obuya, J. O.; Stump, W. L.; Franc, G. D.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600622 ER PT J AU Olanya, M Honeycutt, CW Larkin, RP Griffin, TS He, Z Halloran, J AF Olanya, M. Honeycutt, C. W. Larkin, R. P. Griffin, T. S. He, Z. Halloran, J. TI Enhancing potato system sustainability: Microclimate, early blight and late blight potential SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Olanya, M.; Honeycutt, C. W.; Larkin, R. P.; Griffin, T. S.; He, Z.; Halloran, J.] USDA ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600625 ER PT J AU Omer, A Locke, J Frantz, J Krause, C AF Omer, A. Locke, J. Frantz, J. Krause, C. TI The influence of phosphorus concentration on the development of Pythium root rot disease of seedling geranium SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Omer, A.; Locke, J.; Frantz, J.; Krause, C.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600631 ER PT J AU Ortega, MA Tucker, DM Pfeifer, G Pipatpongpinyo, W Berry, S Hyten, D Cregan, P Shoemaker, R St Martin, S Maroof, M Dorrance, AE AF Ortega, M. A. Tucker, D. M. Pfeifer, G. Pipatpongpinyo, W. Berry, S. Hyten, D. Cregan, P. Shoemaker, R. St. Martin, S. Maroof, M. Dorrance, A. E. TI Development of molecular markers for fine mapping of the Rps8 gene locus in soybean SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tucker, D. M.; Maroof, M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [St. Martin, S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ortega, M. A.; Pipatpongpinyo, W.; Berry, S.; Dorrance, A. E.] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hyten, D.; Cregan, P.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pfeifer, G.; Shoemaker, R.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600635 ER PT J AU Ostry, ME Moore, M AF Ostry, M. E. Moore, M. TI Disease impacts in red pine managed to increase stand complexity SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Ostry, M. E.; Moore, M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600639 ER PT J AU Otrosina, WJ Walkinshaw, CH AF Otrosina, W. J. Walkinshaw, C. H. TI Death and recovery of fire damaged fine roots in a 35-year-old longleaf pine stand SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Otrosina, W. J.; Walkinshaw, C. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600640 ER PT J AU Palencia, ER Glenn, AE Bacon, CW AF Palencia, E. R. Glenn, A. E. Bacon, C. W. TI Characterization of Aspergillus section Nigri group-maize interactions by a green fluorescent protein-tagging approach SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Palencia, E. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Glenn, A. E.; Bacon, C. W.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600646 ER PT J AU Palm, ME AF Palm, M. E. TI Fungal ID through the years SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Palm, M. E.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601017 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD Mahoney, NE Light, DM AF Palumbo, J. D. Mahoney, N. E. Light, D. M. TI Navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) as a vector of Aspergillus flavus on almonds SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Palumbo, J. D.; Mahoney, N. E.; Light, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600649 ER PT J AU Parke, JL Grunwald, N Lewis, C Fieland, V AF Parke, J. L. Grunwald, N. Lewis, C. Fieland, V. TI A systems approach for managing Phytophthora diseases in production nurseries SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Parke, J. L.; Lewis, C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grunwald, N.; Fieland, V.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RI Parke, Jennifer/H-8464-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600658 ER PT J AU Parker, PE Bock, CH Cook, AZ Gottwald, TR AF Parker, P. E. Bock, C. H. Cook, A. Z. Gottwald, T. R. TI Dispersal of Xanthomonas citri subsp citri bacteria downwind from harvested, infected fruit SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Parker, P. E.; Cook, A. Z.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Edinburg, TX USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Bock, C. H.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600659 ER PT J AU Parker, SR Kluepfel, DA AF Parker, S. R. Kluepfel, D. A. TI Temporal and spatial effects of long-term floor management on the bacterial and nematode communities in a Salinas Valley, California grape vineyard SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Parker, S. R.; Kluepfel, D. A.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600661 ER PT J AU Parker, SR Kluepfel, DA AF Parker, S. R. Kluepfel, D. A. TI The effects of grapevine rootstock cultivar and crop phenology on the culturable bacteria community of rhizosphere soil and endo-rhizosphere in a California vineyard SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Parker, S. R.; Kluepfel, D. A.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600660 ER PT J AU Parks, EJ Speck, J Abad, J Carbone, I Moyer, JW AF Parks, E. J. Speck, J. Abad, J. Carbone, I. Moyer, J. W. TI Evolutionary and molecular population genetic analysis of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Parks, E. J.; Speck, J.; Carbone, I.; Moyer, J. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abad, J.] USDA, APHIS PPQ PHP PSPI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600662 ER PT J AU Parks, R Carbone, I Murphy, J Cowger, C AF Parks, R. Carbone, I. Murphy, J. Cowger, C. TI Population structure of wheat powdery mildew in the eastern US SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Murphy, J.] N Carolina State Univ Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Parks, R.; Cowger, C.] N Carolina State Univ Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600663 ER PT J AU Pasquali, M Lysoe, E Seong, K Menke, J Kistler, H AF Pasquali, M. Lysoe, E. Seong, K. Menke, J. Kistler, H. TI Transcriptome of Fusarium graminearum during plant infection and toxin biosynthesis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Lysoe, E.] Bioforsk, As, Norway. [Pasquali, M.; Seong, K.; Kistler, H.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Menke, J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI pasquali, matias/A-6362-2009 OI pasquali, matias/0000-0002-9102-2066 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600665 ER PT J AU Pastor-Corrales, MA Frederick, RD AF Pastor-Corrales, M. A. Frederick, R. D. TI Inheritance of soybean rust resistance in common bean SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Pastor-Corrales, M. A.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD USA. [Frederick, R. D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S123 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600666 ER PT J AU Paul, C Hartman, GL AF Paul, C. Hartman, G. L. TI Evaluation of sources of soybean rust resistance using detached leaves SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. [Paul, C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600667 ER PT J AU Pedley, KF AF Pedley, K. F. TI A PCR-based assay for detection of Puccinia horiana on chrysanthemums SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Pedley, K. F.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600670 ER PT J AU Peter, K Palukaitis, P Gildow, F Gray, S AF Peter, K. Palukaitis, P. Gildow, F. Gray, S. TI Phloem limitation of potato leafroll virus is an asset not a liability SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Peter, K.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gildow, F.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gray, S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S124 EP S125 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600677 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Glenn, DL AF Peterson, G. L. Glenn, D. L. TI Tilletia indica: Resiliency of allantoid sporidia and its relationship to wheat infection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Peterson, G. L.; Glenn, D. L.] USDA ARS, NAA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S125 EP S125 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600678 ER PT J AU Pethybridge, SJ Turechek, WW Madden, LV AF Pethybridge, S. J. Turechek, W. W. Madden, L. V. TI A case study: Significance, epidemiology, and management of hop viruses SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Pethybridge, S. J.] Univ Tasmania, TIAR, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. [Turechek, W. W.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Madden, L. V.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S189 EP S189 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601036 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Oudemans, PV Crouch, J AF Polashock, J. J. Oudemans, P. V. Crouch, J. TI Reassessment of the taxonomic classification of the cranberry pathogen Physalospora vaccinii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Polashock, J. J.] USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Crouch, J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Oudemans, P. V.] Rutgers State Univ, Chatsworth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S126 EP S126 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600686 ER PT J AU Porter, LD AF Porter, L. D. TI Occurrence, aggressiveness, somatic growth and reproduction of phenylamide-resistant and -sensitive oomycete pathogens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Porter, L. D.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S186 EP S187 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601023 ER PT J AU Porter, LD Coffman, VA AF Porter, L. D. Coffman, V. A. TI Prolonged infection periods to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum identified in wild pea germplasm to be breed into pea cultivars to promote disease avoidance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Porter, L. D.; Coffman, V. A.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S127 EP S127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600689 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, R. G. TI Occurrence, survival, and population levels of Trichoderma virens in soils of animal waste application sites in Mississippi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Pratt, R. G.] ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S127 EP S127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600692 ER PT J AU Pusey, P Stockwell, VO Rudell, DR AF Pusey, P. Stockwell, V. O. Rudell, D. R. TI Antibiosis and acidification by Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 may contribute to suppression of Erwinia amylovora SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Stockwell, V. O.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pusey, P.; Rudell, D. R.] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S128 EP S128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600696 ER PT J AU Radwan, OE Zernova, O Lozovaya, VV Clough, SJ AF Radwan, O. E. Zernova, O. Lozovaya, V. V. Clough, S. J. TI Cross comparison of soybean gene expression upon infection by pathogens and the symbiont Bradyritizobium japonicum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Clough, S. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S129 EP S129 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600702 ER PT J AU Ramadugu, C Manjunath, KL Ramos, C Halbert, S Webb, S Lee, RF AF Ramadugu, C. Manjunath, K. L. Ramos, C. Halbert, S. Webb, S. Lee, R. F. TI Role of garden centers and retail nurseries in spreading citrus huanglongbing disease SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Halbert, S.] DPI, Gainesville, FL USA. [Manjunath, K. L.; Lee, R. F.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Webb, S.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S129 EP S130 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600705 ER PT J AU Rauscher, G Mayton, H Bonierbale, M Simko, I Smart, C Grunwald, N Fry, W AF Rauscher, G. Mayton, H. Bonierbale, M. Simko, I. Smart, C. Grunwald, N. Fry, W. TI Effect of isolate, environment and a defeated R-gene (RPi-ber) on quantitative resistance of potato to late blight SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Bonierbale, M.] Ctr Internacl Papa, Lima, Peru. [Smart, C.] Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. [Rauscher, G.; Mayton, H.; Fry, W.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Rauscher, G.; Simko, I.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. [Grunwald, N.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S130 EP S130 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600711 ER PT J AU Replogle, A Wang, J Wang, X Davis, EL Mitchurn, MG AF Replogle, A. Wang, J. Wang, X. Davis, E. L. Mitchurn, M. G. TI Root growth response to application and overexpression of Heterodera glycines CLE peptides SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Davis, E. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Replogle, A.; Wang, J.; Mitchurn, M. G.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Replogle, A.; Wang, J.; Mitchurn, M. G.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Wang, X.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Wang, X.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Biol IPM Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S132 EP S132 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600719 ER PT J AU Richardson, B Rehfeldt, G Kim, MS AF Richardson, B. Rehfeldt, G. Kim, M. -S. TI Genetic responses to climate change: Comparisons between quantitative and molecular genetics in western white pine SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Richardson, B.; Rehfeldt, G.; Kim, M. -S.] USDA Forest Serv RMRS, Moscow, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S191 EP S192 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601051 ER PT J AU Roelfs, A AF Roelfs, A. TI Cereal rust urediniospore collections, history and future needs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Roelfs, A.] USDA ARS, Formerly Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S183 EP S183 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601000 ER PT J AU Rolshausen, P Baumgartner, K Bergemann, S Fujiyoshi, P Gubler, D Wilcox, W AF Rolshausen, P. Baumgartner, K. Bergemann, S. Fujiyoshi, P. Gubler, D. Wilcox, W. TI Geographical diversity of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata in North American vineyards SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Bergemann, S.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. [Wilcox, W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY USA. [Gubler, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rolshausen, P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Baumgartner, K.] USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S135 EP S135 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600734 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, D Kumar, NKK Whitfield, AE Montero-Astua, M Willis, DK German, TL Ullman, DE AF Rotenberg, D. Kumar, N. K. Krishna Whitfield, A. E. Montero-Astua, M. Willis, D. K. German, T. L. Ullman, D. E. TI Quantitative analysis of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) titer in Frankliniella occidentalis and its association with frequency of transmission SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Ullman, D. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [German, T. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rotenberg, D.; Whitfield, A. E.; Montero-Astua, M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kumar, N. K. Krishna] Indian Inst Hort Res, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Willis, D. K.] USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600740 ER PT J AU Rouse, MN Jin, Y AF Rouse, M. N. Jin, Y. TI Stem rust resistance in Triticum monococcum germplasm SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Rouse, M. N.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S136 EP S137 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600743 ER PT J AU Salas, B Flores, D Parker, P AF Salas, B. Flores, D. Parker, P. TI Species of Fusarium associated with the rhizosphere-soil of Arundo donax in Laredo-Texas SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Salas, B.; Flores, D.; Parker, P.] USDA APHIS, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S138 EP S139 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600755 ER PT J AU Salas, B Parker, P AF Salas, B. Parker, P. TI Survey of huanglongbing (HLB) and citrus canker in the Rio Grande Valley SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Salas, B.; Parker, P.] USDA, APHIS, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S138 EP S138 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600754 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Miyamoto, C Larsen, JE Atkinson, L Hollingsworth, CR Motteberg, CD AF Samac, D. A. Miyamoto, C. Larsen, J. E. Atkinson, L. Hollingsworth, C. R. Motteberg, C. D. TI Affect of crop residue on colonization and survival of Phoma sclerotioides, the causal agent of brown root rot of alfalfa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Atkinson, L.; Hollingsworth, C. R.; Motteberg, C. D.] UMN Crookston, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN USA. [Samac, D. A.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. [Miyamoto, C.; Larsen, J. E.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S139 EP S139 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600756 ER PT J AU Schlatter, DC Fubuh, A Xiao, K Hernandez, D Hobbie, S Kinkel, LL AF Schlatter, D. C. Fubuh, A. Xiao, K. Hernandez, D. Hobbie, S. Kinkel, L. L. TI Influence of carbon source amendments on population density, resource use, and antibiotic phenotypes of soilborne Streptomyces SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Fubuh, A.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA USA. [Xiao, K.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Hernandez, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schlatter, D. C.; Hobbie, S.; Kinkel, L. L.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S140 EP S141 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600765 ER PT J AU Schmidt, LS Browne, GT AF Schmidt, L. S. Browne, G. T. TI Evaluation of resistance to Phytophthora megasperma in rootstocks for species of Prunus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Schmidt, L. S.; Browne, G. T.] USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600767 ER PT J AU Schroeder, BK Such, M Sires, JL Porter, LD Johnson, DA AF Schroeder, B. K. Such, M. Sires, J. L. Porter, L. D. Johnson, D. A. TI Detection of a pathogen shift among the pectolytic bacterial pathogens of potato in Washington state SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Porter, L. D.] USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. [Schroeder, B. K.; Such, M.; Sires, J. L.; Johnson, D. A.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Schroeder, Brenda/A-1366-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600773 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KL AF Schroeder, K. L. TI Application of real-time PCR for the study of Pythium and Rhizoctonia ecology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Schroeder, K. L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601024 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KL Flanagan, RC Paulitz, TC AF Schroeder, K. L. Flanagan, R. C. Paulitz, T. C. TI Diversity of Rhizoctonia species in eastern Washington as determined by AFLP analysis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Flanagan, R. C.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schroeder, K. L.; Paulitz, T. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S142 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600771 ER PT J AU Schuenzel, EL Sechler, A Hu, H Cooke, P Postnikova, E Stone, A Schneider, W Damsteegt, V Schaad, NW AF Schuenzel, E. L. Sechler, A. Hu, H. Cooke, P. Postnikova, E. Stone, A. Schneider, W. Damsteegt, V. Schaad, N. W. TI Limited cultivation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, suspected causal agent of Huanglongbing of citrus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hu, H.] Chongqing Univ, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. [Schuenzel, E. L.; Sechler, A.; Postnikova, E.; Stone, A.; Schneider, W.; Damsteegt, V.; Schaad, N. W.] USDA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Cooke, P.] USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600775 ER PT J AU Schuenzel, EL Sechler, A Brettin, T Detter, C Wolinsky, M Gupta, G Schaad, NW AF Schuenzel, E. L. Sechler, A. Brettin, T. Detter, C. Wolinsky, M. Gupta, G. Schaad, N. W. TI Preliminary report on the genome project of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Brettin, T.; Detter, C.; Wolinsky, M.; Gupta, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Schuenzel, E. L.; Sechler, A.; Schaad, N. W.] USDA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600774 ER PT J AU Schwartzburg, KA Colpetzer, KE Spears, BM AF Schwartzburg, K. A. Colpetzer, K. E. Spears, B. M. TI New Pest Advisory Group: Assessing exotic plant pathogens and pests recently introduced or imminently threatening the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Schwartzburg, K. A.; Colpetzer, K. E.; Spears, B. M.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600776 ER PT J AU Seyer, LA Jones, RW Ospina-Giraldo, MD AF Seyer, L. A. Jones, R. W. Ospina-Giraldo, M. D. TI The carbohydrate esterase gene family in Phytophthora infestans SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Seyer, L. A.; Ospina-Giraldo, M. D.] Lafayette Coll, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Jones, R. W.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S143 EP S144 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600783 ER PT J AU Sharma-Poudyal, D Chen, X AF Sharma-Poudyal, D. Chen, X. TI Development of models for improved prediction of stripe rust epidemics in the US Pacific Northwest SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Sharma-Poudyal, D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600788 ER PT J AU Sherman, DJ AF Sherman, D. J. TI A comparison of CombiMatrix CustomArray and ElectraSense Prunus pathogen detection arrays SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Sherman, D. J.] USDA ARS FDWSRU, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S217 EP S217 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601188 ER PT J AU Shishkoff, N AF Shishkoff, N. TI Sporulation on plant roots by Phytophthora ramorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Shishkoff, N.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S145 EP S145 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600793 ER PT J AU Short, DP Zhang, N O'Donnell, K Geiser, D AF Short, D. P. Zhang, N. O'Donnell, K. Geiser, D. TI Phylogenetics and population biology of a monophyletic group within the F-solani species complex that is widely associated with human infections SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Zhang, N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY USA. [Short, D. P.; Geiser, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [O'Donnell, K.] ARS, USDA, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RI Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012 OI Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S146 EP S146 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600796 ER PT J AU Sisterson, M Daane, K Thammiraju, S Groves, R AF Sisterson, M. Daane, K. Thammiraju, S. Groves, R. TI Assessment of the role of alfalfa in the spread of Xylella fastidiosa in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Sisterson, M.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Daane, K.; Thammiraju, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S147 EP S147 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600805 ER PT J AU Slaminko, TL Hartman, GL AF Slaminko, T. L. Hartman, G. L. TI Host range of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of soybean rust SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. [Slaminko, T. L.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S147 EP S147 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600806 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Dunlap, CA Schisler, DA AF Slininger, P. J. Dunlap, C. A. Schisler, D. A. TI Polysaccharide benefits dry storage survival of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens S11 : P : 12 effective against several maladies of stored potatoes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Slininger, P. J.; Dunlap, C. A.; Schisler, D. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S147 EP S148 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600807 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Mansour, MF Gabler, FM Margosan, DA Hashim-Buckey, J AF Smilanick, J. L. Mansour, M. F. Gabler, F. Mlikota Margosan, D. A. Hashim-Buckey, J. TI Influence of fungicides applied before harvest on postharvest gray mold of table grapes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hashim-Buckey, J.] U Calif, COOP Ext Kern Co, Bakersfield, CA USA. [Smilanick, J. L.; Mansour, M. F.; Gabler, F. Mlikota; Margosan, D. A.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S148 EP S148 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600808 ER PT J AU Spaine, P Otrosina, W Sword-Sayer, M Sung, S Haywood, J Leduc, D AF Spaine, P. Otrosina, W. Sword-Sayer, M. Sung, S. Haywood, J. Leduc, D. TI Fungi associated with frequently prescribed burns of longleaf pine roots SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Spaine, P.; Otrosina, W.; Sword-Sayer, M.; Sung, S.; Haywood, J.; Leduc, D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S149 EP S149 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600814 ER PT J AU Stanosz, GR Trummer, LM Rohrs-Richey, JK Adams, GC Worrall, JT AF Stanosz, G. R. Trummer, L. M. Rohrs-Richey, J. K. Adams, G. C. Worrall, J. T. TI Response of Alnus tenuifolia to inoculation with Valsa melanodiscus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Rohrs-Richey, J. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rohrs-Richey, J. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Adams, G. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stanosz, G. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Worrall, J. T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Trummer, L. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600821 ER PT J AU Stenger, D Chen, J AF Stenger, D. Chen, J. TI Xylella fastidiosa isolates from mulberry harbor a 25 kilobase pair plasmid with extensive sequence identity to a plasmid from Verminephrobacter eiseniae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Stenger, D.; Chen, J.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600824 ER PT J AU Stetina, SR Pettigrew, WT Molin, WT AF Stetina, S. R. Pettigrew, W. T. Molin, W. T. TI Influence of planting date and tillage on reniform nematode populations in cotton SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Stetina, S. R.; Pettigrew, W. T.] ARS, USDA, CGPRU, Stoneville, MS USA. [Molin, W. T.] ARS, USDA, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600826 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Wheeler, MH Liu, J Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA AF Stipanovic, R. D. Wheeler, M. H. Liu, J. Puckhaber, L. S. Bell, A. A. TI Biosynthesis of fusaric acid by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp vasinfectum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Stipanovic, R. D.; Wheeler, M. H.; Liu, J.; Puckhaber, L. S.; Bell, A. A.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600828 ER PT J AU Stockwell, VO Temple, T Johnson, KB Loper, JE AF Stockwell, V. O. Temple, T. Johnson, K. B. Loper, J. E. TI Integrated control of tire blight with bacterial antagonists and oxytetracycline SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Stockwell, V. O.; Temple, T.; Johnson, K. B.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loper, J. E.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600829 ER PT J AU Stoxen, SM Szabo, LJ AF Stoxen, S. M. Szabo, L. J. TI Assessing population structure of the most prevalent North American races of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici using molecular markers SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Szabo, L. J.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Stoxen, S. M.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600831 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Rearick, E Foote, P Eujayl, IA AF Strausbaugh, C. A. Rearick, E. Foote, P. Eujayl, I. A. TI Sugar beet cultivar selection for storability and rhizomania resistance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Rearick, E.] Amalgamated Res Inc, Twin Falls, ID USA. [Strausbaugh, C. A.; Eujayl, I. A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600832 ER PT J AU Sudarshana, P Shukla, R Abad, G Olson, BR Palm, M AF Sudarshana, P. Shukla, R. Abad, G. Olson, B. R. Palm, M. TI A summary of diagnostics conducted by the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Olson, B. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sudarshana, P.; Shukla, R.; Abad, G.; Palm, M.] USDA, APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600833 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MJ Zink, RT AF Sullivan, M. J. Zink, R. T. TI The race of Albugo candida causing disease on perennial pepperweed, Lepidium latifolium in Colorado SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Sullivan, M. J.; Zink, R. T.] USDA, APHIS PPQ CPHST, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600837 ER PT J AU Sykes, VR Horvath, BJ Warnke, SE AF Sykes, V. R. Horvath, B. J. Warnke, S. E. TI Resistance screening of Festuca arundinacea to both Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia zeae using digital image analysis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Warnke, S. E.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Sykes, V. R.; Horvath, B. J.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S154 EP S154 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600843 ER PT J AU Tamborindeguy, C Gray, S AF Tamborindeguy, C. Gray, S. TI Analysis of Cyclophilin involvement in CYDV-RPV transmission by Schizaphis graminum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tamborindeguy, C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gray, S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Tamborindeguy, Cecilia/A-6110-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S154 EP S154 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600846 ER PT J AU Tang, E Hartman, GL AF Tang, E. Hartman, G. L. TI Quantification of Fusarium virguliforme in soybean roots of partially resistant and susceptible genotypes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. [Tang, E.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S154 EP S155 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600847 ER PT J AU Tashpulatov, JJ Gulyamova, TG Ruzieva, DM Kerbalaeva, AM Nasmetova, SM Sattarova, RS Khodjibaeva, SM Stipanovic, R AF Tashpulatov, J. J. Gulyamova, T. G. Ruzieva, D. M. Kerbalaeva, A. M. Nasmetova, S. M. Sattarova, R. S. Khodjibaeva, S. M. Stipanovic, R. TI Enzymatic response of cotton plants to the pathogen, Verticillium dahliae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tashpulatov, J. J.; Gulyamova, T. G.; Ruzieva, D. M.; Kerbalaeva, A. M.; Nasmetova, S. M.; Sattarova, R. S.; Khodjibaeva, S. M.] Inst Microbiol, Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan. [Stipanovic, R.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S156 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600853 ER PT J AU Thanimiraju, S Daane, K Groves, R Lin, H Sisterson, M AF Thanimiraju, S. Daane, K. Groves, R. Lin, H. Sisterson, M. TI Evaluation of the genetic structure of Xylella fastidiosa populations collected from almond orchards in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Lin, H.; Sisterson, M.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Daane, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Thanimiraju, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600857 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Ariss, JJ Kousik, CS Hassell, RL AF Thies, J. A. Ariss, J. J. Kousik, C. S. Hassell, R. L. TI Grafting - A tool for managing root-knot nematodes in watermelon? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Hassell, R. L.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Thies, J. A.; Ariss, J. J.; Kousik, C. S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetables Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600858 ER PT J AU Tremblay, A Beard, HS Li, S Scheffler, BE Matthews, BF AF Tremblay, A. Beard, H. S. Li, S. Scheffler, B. E. Matthews, B. F. TI Phakopsora pachyrhizi gene expression during infection in soybean SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tremblay, A.; Beard, H. S.; Matthews, B. F.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Li, S.; Scheffler, B. E.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S159 EP S159 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600871 ER PT J AU Tubajika, KM Barak, AV AF Tubajika, K. M. Barak, A. V. TI Methyl Iodide and Sulfuryl Fluoride as quarantine treatments for solid wood packing material SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Barak, A. V.] USDA APHIS CPHST, Cape Cod, MA USA. [Tubajika, K. M.] USDA APHIS CPHST, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S159 EP S159 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600874 ER PT J AU Turectiek, WW Adkins, S Kousik, CS Stansly, PA Roberts, PD AF Turectiek, W. W. Adkins, S. Kousik, C. S. Stansly, P. A. Roberts, P. D. TI Patterns of multi-virus infections in Florida watermelon SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Turectiek, W. W.; Adkins, S.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Kousik, C. S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Stansly, P. A.; Roberts, P. D.] Univ Florida, SWFREC, Immokalee, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S159 EP S160 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600875 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Cleveland, S Kraus, J Putnam, ML Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, I. E. Cleveland, S. Kraus, J. Putnam, M. L. Martin, R. R. TI Characterization of Verbena virus Y, a new component in the complex causing necrosis in verbena 'Taylortown Red' SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tzanetakis, I. E.; Cleveland, S.; Kraus, J.; Putnam, M. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S160 EP S160 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600878 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR Dreher, TW AF Tzanetakis, I. E. Martin, R. R. Dreher, T. W. TI Studies on Dulcamara mottle virus infectious clone and chimeric genomes with Turnip yellow mosaic virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Dreher, T. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tzanetakis, I. E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S160 EP S160 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600877 ER PT J AU Velez-Climent, M Isard, S Luster, D AF Velez-Climent, M. Isard, S. Luster, D. TI Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Florida isolate) urediniospore adhesion to soybean leaves SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Velez-Climent, M.; Isard, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Luster, D.] ARS, USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600893 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Nelson, RL Hartman, GL Buckley, B Moore, S Schneider, RW Weaver, D Shipe, E Mueller, J Boerma, HR AF Walker, D. R. Nelson, R. L. Hartman, G. L. Buckley, B. Moore, S. Schneider, R. W. Weaver, D. Shipe, E. Mueller, J. Boerma, H. R. TI Identification and characterization of soybean rust resistance in Plant Introductions from the USDA's soybean germplasm collection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Walker, D. R.; Nelson, R. L.; Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Buckley, B.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Bossier City, LA USA. [Moore, S.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Alexandria, LA USA. [Weaver, D.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shipe, E.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Mueller, J.] Clemson Univ, Blackville, SC USA. [Boerma, H. R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schneider, R. W.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S195 EP S195 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601071 ER PT J AU Walkinshaw, CH AF Walkinshaw, C. H. TI What are we waiting for? Lunar crop science: The final frontier SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Walkinshaw, C. H.] USDA Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S164 EP S164 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600900 ER PT J AU Wang, M Coram, T Ling, P Boyd, L Chen, X AF Wang, M. Coram, T. Ling, P. Boyd, L. Chen, X. TI High-resolution genetic and physical mapping of the Yr5 gene for resistance to stripe rust of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Wang, M.; Coram, T.; Ling, P.; Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Boyd, L.] John Innes Ctr, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Coram, T.; Ling, P.; Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Coram, Tristan/C-1069-2008; Coram, Tristan/E-8744-2010; WANG, Meinan/P-5671-2014 OI WANG, Meinan/0000-0001-9595-3995 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S166 EP S166 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600910 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Liu, J Lee, D Scully, B Guo, B AF Wang, Z. Liu, J. Lee, D. Scully, B. Guo, B. TI Postharvest Aspergillus flavus colonization in responding to preharvest field condition of drought stress and oligo-macroarray profiling of developing corn kernel gene expression under drought stress SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Liu, J.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Scully, B.; Guo, B.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lee, D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. [Wang, Z.] Univ Georgia, NESPAL, Tifton, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S166 EP S166 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600909 ER PT J AU Wanner, LA AF Wanner, L. A. TI Streptomyces scabies populations in a single field are not clonal and shift from year to year SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Wanner, L. A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600914 ER PT J AU Webb, SE Adkins, S Baker, CA AF Webb, S. E. Adkins, S. Baker, C. A. TI Characteristics of whitefly transmission of Squash vein yellowing virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Baker, C. A.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. [Adkins, S.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Webb, S. E.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600915 ER PT J AU Wegulo, SN Dowell, FE AF Wegulo, S. N. Dowell, F. E. TI Evaluation of visual and optical sorting of Fusarium damaged kernels in winter wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Dowell, F. E.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS USA. [Wegulo, S. N.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600918 ER PT J AU Wei, W Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y AF Wei, W. Davis, R. E. Jomantiene, R. Zhao, Y. TI Recurrent phage attacks and subsequent recombination events shaped phytoplasma genome architecture SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Jomantiene, R.] Inst Bot, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Wei, W.; Davis, R. E.; Zhao, Y.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S168 EP S168 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600922 ER PT J AU Wei, W Shi, X Davis, RE Nuss, DL Zhao, Y AF Wei, W. Shi, X. Davis, R. E. Nuss, D. L. Zhao, Y. TI Simple sequence repeats and their potential roles in regulation of contingency genes in phytoplasma genomes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Nuss, D. L.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Wei, W.; Shi, X.; Davis, R. E.; Zhao, Y.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S168 EP S168 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600921 ER PT J AU Weiland, JE Nelson, AH Hudler, GW AF Weiland, J. E. Nelson, A. H. Hudler, G. W. TI Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora citricola isolates on European beech and lilac SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Nelson, A. H.; Hudler, G. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Weiland, J. E.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S168 EP S169 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600925 ER PT J AU Westphal, A Xing, L Goodwin, SB Egel, DS AF Westphal, A. Xing, L. Goodwin, S. B. Egel, D. S. TI Mature watermelon vine decline is associated with Rhizopycnis vagum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Egel, D. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Vincennes, IN 47591 USA. [Goodwin, S. B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S170 EP S170 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600931 ER PT J AU White, D Chen, W AF White, D. Chen, W. TI Application of subtractive suppression hybridization in studying differentially expressed genes between pathotypes of Ascochyta rabiei SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S170 EP S170 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600933 ER PT J AU Whitworth, JL Gray, SM Karasev, A Lorenzen, JH AF Whitworth, J. L. Gray, S. M. Karasev, A. Lorenzen, J. H. TI Developing and validating a greenhouse bioassay for Potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) associated with Potato virus Y SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Lorenzen, J. H.] CGIAR, Kampala, Uganda. [Whitworth, J. L.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Gray, S. M.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Karasev, A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S170 EP S171 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600936 ER PT J AU Wicklow, DT Pearson, TC Brabec, D AF Wicklow, D. T. Pearson, T. C. Brabec, D. TI NIR spectroscopy as a tool for optimizing sorting of white maize kernels contaminated with mycotoxins SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Pearson, T. C.; Brabec, D.] USDA ARS GMPRC, Manhattan, KS USA. [Wicklow, D. T.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S171 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600937 ER PT J AU Wicklow, DT AF Wicklow, D. T. TI Evaluation of intraspecific competition (Aspergillus flavus Link) and aflatoxin formation in suspended disc culture and preharvest maize SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Wicklow, D. T.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S171 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600938 ER PT J AU Widmer, TL AF Widmer, T. L. TI Comparing New Zealand and United Kingdom isolates of Phytophthora kernoviae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Widmer, T. L.] ARS, USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S171 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600939 ER PT J AU Willis, DK German, TL AF Willis, D. K. German, T. L. TI Strand-specific real-time RT-PCR quantitation of Maize fine streak virus genomic and positive-sense RNAs using high temperature reverse transcription SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [German, T. L.] UW Madison, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI USA. [Willis, D. K.] UW Madison, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Vgetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S171 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600941 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD AF Wilson, A. D. TI Incidence of bacterial wetwood in southern bottomland hardwood logs and lumber SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Wilson, A. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600943 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Hladky, LL AF Wintermantel, W. M. Hladky, L. L. TI Resistance to curly top viruses through virus induced gene silencing SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Wintermantel, W. M.; Hladky, L. L.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600946 ER PT J AU Worrall, JJ Mask, RA Eager, T Egeland, L Shepperd, WD AF Worrall, J. J. Mask, R. A. Eager, T. Egeland, L. Shepperd, W. D. TI Sudden aspen decline in southwest Colorado SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Shepperd, W. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Worrall, J. J.; Mask, R. A.; Eager, T.; Egeland, L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO USA. RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S173 EP S173 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600949 ER PT J AU Yakabe, LE Parker, SR Kluepfel, DA AF Yakabe, L. E. Parker, S. R. Kluepfel, D. A. TI The efficacy of methyl bromide and alternatives on Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Phytophthora cactorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Yakabe, L. E.; Parker, S. R.; Kluepfel, D. A.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600961 ER PT J AU Yan, G Smiley, RW Okubara, PA AF Yan, G. Smiley, R. W. Okubara, P. A. TI Detection and discrimination of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei in DNA extracts from soil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Yan, G.; Smiley, R. W.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Okubara, P. A.] USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S175 EP S176 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600963 ER PT J AU Yin, C Chen, X Kang, Z Hulbert, S AF Yin, C. Chen, X. Kang, Z. Hulbert, S. TI Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Kang, Z.] NW A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S177 EP S178 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600974 ER PT J AU Yokomi, RK Polek, M Saponari, M AF Yokomi, R. K. Polek, M. Saponari, M. TI Genetic diversity of Citrus tristeza virus isolates spreading in Central California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Polek, M.] CDFA CCTEA, Tulare, CA USA. [Yokomi, R. K.; Saponari, M.] ARS, USDA, SJVASC, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S178 EP S178 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600976 ER PT J AU Zambino, P AF Zambino, P. TI A century of responses to Cronartium ribicola: Have we made the right choices? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Zambino, P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Calif Shared Serv Area, San Bernardino, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125601027 ER PT J AU Zeller, KA DeVries, RM Levy, L AF Zeller, K. A. DeVries, R. M. Levy, L. TI Head-to-head comparisons of sensitivity and specificity among 5 real-time PCR assays diagnostic for Phytophthora ramorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Zeller, K. A.; DeVries, R. M.; Levy, L.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S179 EP S179 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600982 ER PT J AU Zhong, S Leng, Y Friesen, T Faris, J Szabo, L AF Zhong, S. Leng, Y. Friesen, T. Faris, J. Szabo, L. TI Development and characterization of expressed sequence tag (EST)derived microsatellite markers for the wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia grandnis f. sp tritici SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Zhong, S.; Leng, Y.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Friesen, T.; Faris, J.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Szabo, L.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S180 EP S180 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600991 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Duan, Y Gabriel, D Gottwald, TR AF Zhou, L. Duan, Y. Gabriel, D. Gottwald, T. R. TI Seed transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in periwinkle and dodder resulted in low bacterial titer and very mild disease in periwinkle SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Gabriel, D.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Zhou, L.; Duan, Y.; Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S181 EP S181 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600993 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ Garland-Campbell, KA AF Skinner, D. Z. Garland-Campbell, K. A. TI Evidence of a major genetic factor conditioning freezing sensitivity in winter wheat SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; wheat; frost tolerance; temperature stress; segregation ID LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; FROST-RESISTANCE; COLD-HARDINESS; CHROMOSOME 5A; GROWTH HABIT; COMMON WHEAT; VERNALIZATION REQUIREMENT; ALLELIC VARIATION AB The inheritance of freezing tolerance in F(2)-derived F(4) populations from all possible crosses of winter wheat cultivars 'Kestrel', 'Eltan', 'Tiber', 'Froid' and germplasm line Oregon Feed Wheat #5 (ORFW) was investigated. When frozen to a temperature equal to the LT(50) of the least freezing tolerant parent (ORFW), survival frequency distributions were skewed to greater survival in six of the 10 crosses, however, very few of the progeny from the four crosses to ORFW survived. The inheritance of this freezing sensitivity was investigated with freezing of F(2:4) populations from the crosses of ORFW to 'Eltan' or 'Tiber' to the LT(50) of the hardier parent. Very few of the F(2:4) populations survived as well as 'Eltan' or 'Tiber', indicating a small number of strongly dominant genetic factors in ORFW that conditioned freezing sensitivity. Molecular analysis indicated these factors were not spring-type vernalization alleles. C1 [Skinner, D. Z.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dzs@wsu.edu NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 127 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01464.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 292SX UT WOS:000255287500003 ER PT J AU Gao, FY Ren, GJ Lu, XJ Sun, SX Li, HJ Gao, YM Luo, H Yan, WG Zhang, YZ AF Gao, F. Y. Ren, G. J. Lu, X. J. Sun, S. X. Li, H. J. Gao, Y. M. Luo, H. Yan, W. G. Zhang, Y. Z. TI QTL analysis for resistance to preharvest sprouting in rice (Oryza sativa) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; F(2) population; quantitative trait loci; preharvest sprouting; linkage disequilibrium ID SEED DORMANCY; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; L.; LOCI; TRAIT; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; GERMINATION; DISSECTION; CROSS AB Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is caused by early breaking of seed dormancy. In Sichuan, a major hybrid rice seed production area of China, PHS in hybrid seeds originated from 'G46A' parent may lead to severe yield loss, causing serious damage to agricultural production. To detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing PHS, we developed an F(2) population of 164 plants derived from 'G46B' and 'K81', a near-isogenic introgression line of G46B, with high level of resistance to PHS. PHS was evaluated under controlled field and laboratory conditions. Using simple sequence repeat markers, we constructed a linkage map from this population and identified three QTLs for PHS, namely qPSR2, qPSR5 and qPSR8, which were located on chromosomes 2, 5 and 8, respectively. Among these QTLs, qPSR8, residing in the interval between RM447 and RM3754 on chromosome 8, was the major QTL controlling PHS, for it had a relative high logarithm of the odds (LOD) score and explained 43.04% of the phenotypic variation. These results were correspondent to those identified in extreme low germination rate plants (ELGP) using linkage and linkage disequilibrium. At all loci, 'K81' was responsible for enhancing the resistance to PHS. C1 [Gao, F. Y.; Zhang, Y. Z.] Sichuan Univ, Life Sci Coll, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Gao, F. Y.; Ren, G. J.; Lu, X. J.; Sun, S. X.; Li, H. J.] Sichuan Acad Agr Sci, Crops Res Inst, Chengdu 610066, Peoples R China. [Gao, Y. M.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Luo, H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Genet & Biochem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yan, W. G.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Zhang, YZ (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, Life Sci Coll, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM yizzhang@scu.edu.cn NR 30 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 127 IS 3 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01450.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 292SX UT WOS:000255287500009 ER PT J AU Maul, P McCollum, GT Popp, M Guy, CL Porat, R AF Maul, Pilar McCollum, Gregory T. Popp, Mick Guy, Charles L. Porat, Ron TI Transcriptome profiling of grapefruit flavedo following exposure to low temperature and conditioning treatments uncovers principal molecular components involved in chilling tolerance and susceptibility SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE chilling; conditioning; post-harvest ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; STRESS TOLERANCE; CITRUS-FRUIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; INJURY; HEAT AB A pre-storage conditioning (CD) treatment of 16 degrees C for 7 d enhanced chilling tolerance of grapefruit and reduced the development of chilling injuries during storage at 5 degrees C. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of citrus fruit to low temperatures, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis of RNA isolated from grapefruit flavedo using the newly developed Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip microarray. Utilizing very restrictive cut-off criteria, including pair-wise ANOVA comparisons significantly different at P <= 0.05 and induction or repression of transcript levels by at least fourfold, we found that out of 30 171 probe sets on the microarray, 1345 probe sets were significantly affected by chilling in both control and CD-treated fruits, 509 probe sets were affected by chilling specifically in the CD-treated fruits, and 417 probe sets were specifically expressed in chilling-sensitive control fruits. Overall, exposure to chilling led to expression arrest of general cellular metabolic activity, including concretive down-regulation of cell wall, pathogen defence, photosynthesis, respiration, and protein, nucleic acid and secondary metabolism. On the other hand, chilling enhanced adaptation processes that involve changes in the expression of transcripts related to membranes, lipid, sterol and carbohydrate metabolism, stress stimuli, hormone biosynthesis, and modifications in DNA binding and transcription factors. C1 [Maul, Pilar; McCollum, Gregory T.] USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Popp, Mick] Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Guy, Charles L.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Porat, Ron] Agr Res Org, Dept Postharvest Sci, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Porat, R (reprint author), USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rporat@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 61 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 752 EP 768 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01793.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 298BP UT WOS:000255661700005 PM 18266902 ER PT J AU Liu, ZR Zhou, CH Wu, KQ AF Liu, Zongrang Zhou, Changhe Wu, Keqiang TI Creation and analysis of a novel chimeric promoter for the complete containment of pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE tissue-specific enhancer; chimeric promoter; tissue ablation; gene flow and containment ID TANDEM CONSTRUCTS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; MALE-STERILITY; CELL ABLATION; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; RIBONUCLEASE; PREVENTION; BARSTAR AB Effective containment of gene flow in transgenic plants requires a promoter that is highly specific for male and female gametes or tissues. Here, we report the creation of a novel pollen-, stigma- and carpel-specific (PSC) promoter through the fusion of the pollen-specific LAT52 and carpel-specific AGL5 enhancers to a stigma-specific SLG promoter. Gene expression analysis showed that fusion of the LAT52 enhancer to the SLG promoter enables the latter to gain pollen-specific activity while the acquirement of carpel-specific activity requires the correct orientation of the inserted AGL5 enhancer in the PSC promoter, and only a forward- but not a reverse-oriented one is functional. The resulting fPSC promoter, when fused to DT-A, generated at least three aberrant gynoecium phenotypes. Type I plants exhibited shortened stigmatic tissues, resembling plants containing the DT-A gene controlled by the SLG promoter. However, type II and III plants displayed partial or complete ablation of gynoecia, and were unable to support the reproductive process. Type II and III plants also produced severely perturbed anthers and pollen in comparison to type I or SLG::DT-A plants, and transgenic pollen grains were unable, when out-crossed with control plants, to pass the transgene to the next generation in all plants examined, indicating that they are selectively eliminated. This tissue-specific ablation or perturbation is highly specific, and does not compromise vegetative growth. Evidently, the fPSC promoter faithfully acquires tissue specificity from the incorporated enhancers and promoter, and should have a practical application for transgene containment in non-fruit and -grain producing plant crops. C1 [Liu, Zongrang] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Zhou, Changhe] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wu, Keqiang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Plant Biol, Coll Life Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov; kewu@ntu.edu.tw RI Wu, Keqiang/C-9743-2013 OI Wu, Keqiang/0000-0002-5791-3594 NR 54 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1004 DI 10.1007/s00299-008-0522-0 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304CB UT WOS:000256086500004 PM 18317776 ER PT J AU Li, WB Li, DY Twieg, E Hartung, JS Levy, L AF Li, Wenbin Li, Dayan Twieg, Elizabeth Hartung, John S. Levy, Laurene TI Optimized quantification of unculturable Candidatus Liberibacter spp. in host plants using real-time PCR SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE citrus greening; sweet orange ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GREENING DISEASE; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SYBR-GREEN; CITRUS; AMPLIFICATION; DNA; TAQMAN; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS AB Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by the phloem-limited and psyllid-vectored Candidatus Liberibacter spp. and is a destructive disease of citrus that is rapidly increasing in importance. The disease was reported recently in the principle citrus-producing areas of Sao Paulo, Brazil in 2004 and in Florida in 2005. A variety of laboratory methods have been developed to confirm a symptom-based disease diagnosis or for the detection or identification of the pathogen; however, no quantitative information has been available on the pathogen titer in either host or vector interactions because the pathogen remains unculturable in artificial media. We previously developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for detection of Ca. Liberibacter spp. and, in this study, we evaluated the effects of sample composition on quantification of the pathogen in citrus plants by TaqMan real-time PCR. Standard curves were established using cloned plasmids containing target DNA from the pathogen and with total DNA samples from field-grown HLB-infected citrus plants. Regression analysis showed that a standard curve established with DNA extracted from naturally infected field-grown plants was more accurate than the standard curve constructed from plasmids containing the amplification targets as cloned inserts. Nontarget DNA and putative PCR inhibitors from citrus plants decreased the sensitivity and the amplification efficiency of real-time PCR when plasmids provided the template target in "spiked" healthy citrus DNA extracts. This effect varied among plant tissue types, citrus species, and geographic locations. Based on these sample effects, a universal standard curve has been established for quantification of the pathogen in various citrus tissues of different citrus species planted in different geographic locations. Sample storage at 4 degrees C for 2 months prior to PCR assay did not affect subsequent quantification of the pathogen. The validated quantitative real-time PCR method and the universal standard curve will be very useful for studies of host-pathogen interactions and epidemiology, and in the development of control strategies for the disease. C1 [Li, Wenbin; Twieg, Elizabeth; Levy, Laurene] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Dayan] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hartung, John S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, WB (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Wenbin.Li@aphis.usda.gov NR 41 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 854 EP 861 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0854 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700002 ER PT J AU Reitz, SR Maiorino, G Olson, S Sprenkel, R Crescenzi, A Momol, MT AF Reitz, Stuart R. Maiorino, Giuseppina Olson, Steve Sprenkel, Richard Crescenzi, Aniello Momol, M. Timur TI Integrating plant essential oils and kaolin for the sustainable management of thrips and tomato spotted wilt on tomato SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella bispinosa; F. fusca; F. occidentalis ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; PARTICLE FILMS; BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES; VIRUS; THYSANOPTERA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; PEPPER; APPLE AB Thrips-vectored Tomato spotted wilt virus is one of the most devastating pest complexes affecting tomato in the southern United States and elsewhere. Field trials were conducted over 2 years to determine the effects of volatile plant essential oils and kaolin-based particle films on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt and population dynamics; of Frankliniella spp. thrips. The essential oils, geraniol (a monoterpene constituent of various plant essential oils), lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil, and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolii) oil, were compared with a standard insecticide treatment and an untreated control. All treatments were applied with and without kaolin, in a 5 x 2 factorial design. Although the treatments did not clearly affect the abundance of vector species, there were treatment differences in the incidence of tomato spotted wilt. When combined with kaolin, the three essential oils reduced tomato spotted wilt incidence by 32 to 51% in 2005 and by 6 to 25% in 2006 compared with the control. In both years, tea tree oil plus kaolin reduced tomato spotted wilt as well as the standard insecticide treatments. Overall, kaolin significantly increased yield by over 26% compared to treatments without kaolin. When applied with kaolin, the three essential oils produced yields similar to the insecticide standard. Therefore, naturally occurring products, such as essential oils and kaolin, could be used successfully to reduce insecticide use on tomatoes. C1 [Reitz, Stuart R.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Maiorino, Giuseppina; Crescenzi, Aniello] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Olson, Steve; Sprenkel, Richard; Momol, M. Timur] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM stuart.reitz@ars.usda.gov RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 67 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 878 EP 886 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0878 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700005 ER PT J AU Njambere, EN Chen, WD Frate, C Wu, BM Temple, SR Muehlbauer, FJ AF Njambere, Evans N. Chen, Weidong Frate, Carol Wu, Bo-Ming Temple, Steve R. Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Stem and crown rot of chickpea in California caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE apothecia; carpogenic germination; sclerotia ID PATHOGENIC FUNGI; CICER-ARIETINUM; OXALIC-ACID; 1ST REPORT AB The identities of Sclerotinia isolates obtained from chickpea plants showing stem and crown rot were determined using morphological characteristics, variations in group I introns, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Isolates could be separated into two groups based on growth rates at 22 degrees C, fast growing (about 40 mm per day) versus slow growing (about 20 mm per day). All fast-growing isolates induced stronger color change of a pH-indicating medium than did slow-growing isolates at 22 degrees C. The slow-growing isolates contained at least one group I intron in the nuclear small subunit rDNA, whereas all fast-growing isolates lacked group I introns in the same DNA region. ITS sequences of the slow-growing isolates were identical to sequences of Sclerotinia trifoliorum. Those of the fast-growing isolates were identical to sequences of S. sclerotiorum. Finally, the slow-growing isolates showed ascospore dimorphism, a definitive character of S. trifoliorum, whereas the fast-growing isolates showed no ascospore dimorphism. Isolates of both species were pathogenic on chickpea and caused symptoms similar to those observed in the field. This study not only associated the differences between S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum in growth rates, group I introns, ITS sequences, and ascospore morphology, but also represented the first report that S. trifoliorum causes stem and crown rot of chickpea in North America. C1 [Chen, Weidong; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Frate, Carol; Wu, Bo-Ming; Temple, Steve R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 917 EP 922 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0917 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700010 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Szabo, LJ Pretorius, ZA Singh, RP Ward, R Fetch, T AF Jin, Y. Szabo, L. J. Pretorius, Z. A. Singh, R. P. Ward, R. Fetch, T., Jr. TI Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION TYPES; WHEAT; CANADA; BARLEY; LINES; SR31; OAT AB The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn. Ug99), and is used widely in commercial wheat cultivars worldwide. In 2006, susceptible infection responses were observed on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr24 in a field stem rust screening nursery at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 28 single-pustule isolates from stem rust samples collected from the 2006 Njoro nursery. The isolates were evaluated for virulence on 16 North American stem rust differential lines; on wheat lines carrying Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN; and on a wheat cultivar with a combination of Sr24 and Sr31. All isolates were identified as race TTKS with additional virulence on Sr31 and Sr38. These isolates were divided into two groups: group A (seven isolates and the two control isolates), producing a low infection type, and group B (21 isolates), producing a high infection type on Sr24, respectively. Isolates of group B represented a new variant of race TTKS with virulence to Sr24. Eighteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to examine the genetic relationship between these two groups of isolates in race TTKS and five North American races (MCCF, QCCQ, RCRS, RTHS, and TPMK) that are representative of distinct lineage groups. All isolates of race TTKS shared an identical SSR genotype and were clearly different from North American races. The virulence and SSR data indicated that the new variant of race TTKS with Sr24 virulence likely has arisen via mutation within the TTKS genetic lineage. We propose to revise the North American stem rust nomenclature system by the addition of four genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN) as the fifth set. This revision recognizes the virulence on Sr31 and differentiates isolates within race TTKS into two separate races: TTKSK and TTKST, with avirulence and virulence on Sr24, respectively. The occurrence of race TTKST with combined virulence on Sr24 and Sr31 has substantially increased the vulnerability of wheat to stem rust worldwide. C1 [Jin, Y.; Szabo, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pretorius, Z. A.] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Ward, R.] CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Fetch, T., Jr.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yuejin@umn.edu RI ward, Rick/F-8954-2013 OI ward, Rick/0000-0003-4436-0019 NR 19 TC 155 Z9 168 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 923 EP 926 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0923 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700011 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Parker, PE Cook, AZ Gottwald, TR AF Bock, C. H. Parker, P. E. Cook, A. Z. Gottwald, T. R. TI Characteristics of the perception of different severity measures of citrus canker and the relationships between the various symptom types SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE ASSESSMENT; VISUAL ESTIMATION; ACCURACY; PRECISION; RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT; FECHNER; FLORIDA; BLIGHT; LAW AB Citrus canker is a disease of citrus and is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Ways of managing the disease are being sought, and accurate, precise, reproducible disease assessment is needed for monitoring epidemics. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of visual assessment of citrus canker symptoms compared with actual disease measured using image analysis (IA). Images of 2 10 citrus leaves with a range of incidence and severity of citrus canker were assessed by three plant pathologists (VR1-3) and by IA. The number of lesions (L), % area necrotic (%AN), and % area necrotic+chlorotic (%ANC) were assessed. The best relationships were found between %AN and %ANC (r(2) = 0.41 to 0.87), and the worst between L and %AN (r(2) = 0.27 to 0.66). Bland-Altman plots showed various sources of rater error in assessments, including under- and over-estimation, proportional error, and heterogeneity of variation dependent on actual disease magnitude. There was a tendency to overestimate area diseased, but not lesion counts, and this tendency was pronounced at lower disease severity, with a leaf having more lesions tending to be assessed as having greater area infected compared with a leaf with fewer lesions but equal actual area infected. The rater estimations of disease were less accurate or precise with increasing actual disease severity as indicated by the fit of a normal probability density function-the incidence of extreme values increases with increasing actual disease. For example, for %ANC the kurtosis of the distribution ranged from 17.92 to 1.18, 0.51, and 0.22 in actual disease category ranges of 0 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, and 3 1 to 40% area infected, respectively. The log variance of the estimates plotted against log actual disease for all three raters over two assessment occasions gave a linear relationship for L, %AN, and %ANC (r(2) = 0.74, 0.65, and 0.74, respectively). Training should improve the accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of raters, and knowledge of the characteristics of disease assessment should help develop and target the training more appropriately and address specific causes and sources of error. C1 [Bock, C. H.] Univ Florida, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Parker, P. E.; Cook, A. Z.] USDA APHIS, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM cbock@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0927 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700012 ER PT J AU Twizeyimana, M Ojiambo, PS Ikotun, T Ladipo, JL Hartman, GL Bandyopadhyay, R AF Twizeyimana, M. Ojiambo, P. S. Ikotun, T. Ladipo, J. L. Hartman, G. L. Bandyopadhyay, R. TI Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Nigeria SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; stability analysis ID 1ST REPORT; GREENHOUSE; EPIDEMICS; PARAGUAY; SEVERITY; BIPLOT; FIELD AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important constraints to soybean production worldwide. The absence of high levels of host resistance to the pathogen has necessitated the continued search and identification of sources of resistance. In one set of experiments, 178 soybean breeding lines from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were rated for rust severity in the field in 2002 and 2003 at Ile-Ife, Yandev, and Ibadan, Nigeria. Thirty-six lines with disease severity ! 3 (based on a 0-to-5 scale) were selected for a second round of evaluation in 2004 at Ibadan. In the third round of evaluation under inoculated field conditions, 11 breeding lines with disease severity : 2 were further evaluated for rust resistance at Ibadan in 2005 and 2006. The breeding lines TGx 1835-10E, TGx 1895-50F, and TGx 1903-3F consistently had the lowest level of disease severity across years and locations. In another set of experiments, 101 accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and National Agriculture Research Organization (Uganda) were evaluated in the first round in 2005 under inoculated conditions in the screenhouse; 12 accessions with disease severity : 20% leaf area infected were selected for evaluation in the second round in 2005 and 2006 under inoculated field conditions at Ibadan. Highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) in disease severity were observed among the 101 accessions during this first round of rust evaluation. Significant (P < 0.0001) differences in rust severity and sporulation also were observed among the 12 selected accessions. Accessions PI 594538A, PI 417089A, and UG-5 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower disease severity than all other selected accessions in both years of evaluation, with rust severities ranging from 0.1 to 2.4%. These results indicate that some of the breeding lines (TGx 1835-10E, TGx 1895-50F, and TGx 1903-3F) and accessions (PI 594538A, PI 417089A, and UG-5) would be useful sources of soybean rust resistance genes for incorporation into high-yielding and adapted cultivars. C1 [Twizeyimana, M.; Bandyopadhyay, R.] IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Twizeyimana, M.; Ikotun, T.] Univ Ibadan, Dept Crop Protect & Environm Biol, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Ojiambo, P. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ladipo, J. L.] Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Ife, Osun, Nigeria. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, R (reprint author), IITA, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM r.bandyopadhyay@cgiar.org RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Twizeyimana, Mathias/0000-0003-2173-6693 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0947 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700014 ER PT J AU Park, J Park, B Veeraraghavan, N Jung, K Lee, YH Blair, JE Geiser, DM Isard, S Mansfield, MA Nikolaeva, E Park, SY Russo, J Kim, SH Greene, M Ivors, KL Balci, Y Peiman, M Erwin, DC Coffey, MD Rossman, A Farr, D Cline, E Grunwald, NJ Luster, DG Schrandt, J Martin, F Ribeiro, OK Makalowska, I Kang, S AF Park, Jongsun Park, Bongsoo Veeraraghavan, Narayanan Jung, Kyongyong Lee, Yong-Hwan Blair, Jaime E. Geiser, David M. Isard, Scott Mansfield, Michele A. Nikolaeva, Ekaterina Park, Sook-Young Russo, Joseph Kim, Seong H. Greene, Matthew Ivors, Kelly L. Balci, Yilmaz Peiman, Masoomeh Erwin, Donald C. Coffey, Michael D. Rossman, Amy Farr, David Cline, Erica Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Luster, Douglas G. Schrandt, Julia Martin, Frank Ribeiro, Olaf K. Makalowska, Izabela Kang, Seogchan TI Phytophthora database: a forensic database supporting the identification and monitoring of Phytophthora SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE culture collection; disease management; invasive pathogens; molecular diagnosis ID SPECIES CAUSING ROOT; SP-NOV.; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENOME SEQUENCES; FOREST TREES; LEAF-BLIGHT; PATHOGEN; CALIFORNIA; RAMORUM; ROT AB Phytophthora spp. represent a serious threat to agricultural and ecological systems. Many novel Phytophthora spp. have been reported in recent years, which is indicative of our limited understanding of the ecology and diversity of Phytophthora spp. in nature. Systematic cataloging of genotypic and phenotypic information on isolates of previously described species serves as a baseline for identification, classification, and risk assessment of new Phytophthora isolates. The Phytophthora Database (PD) was established to catalog such data in a web-accessible and searchable format. To support the identification of new Phytophthora isolates via comparison of their sequences at one or more loci with the corresponding sequences derived from the isolates archived in the PD, we generated and deposited sequence data from more than 1,500 isolates representing the known diversity in the genus. Data search and analysis tools in the PD include BLAST, Phyloviewer (a program for building phylogenetic trees using sequences of selected isolates), and Virtual Gel (a program for generating expected restriction patterns for given sequences). The PD also provides a customized means of storing and sharing data via the web. The PD serves as a model that easily can be adopted to develop databases for other important pathogen groups. C1 [Veeraraghavan, Narayanan; Makalowska, Izabela] Penn State Univ, Ctr Computat Genom, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Park, Jongsun; Jung, Kyongyong; Lee, Yong-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Jongsun; Jung, Kyongyong; Lee, Yong-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Fungal Bioinformat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Bongsoo; Blair, Jaime E.; Geiser, David M.; Isard, Scott; Mansfield, Michele A.; Nikolaeva, Ekaterina; Park, Sook-Young; Kang, Seogchan] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Russo, Joseph] ZedX Inc, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Kim, Seong H.] Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Greene, Matthew; Ivors, Kelly L.] N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. [Balci, Yilmaz] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Peiman, Masoomeh; Erwin, Donald C.; Coffey, Michael D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rossman, Amy; Farr, David; Cline, Erica] USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Luster, Douglas G.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Schrandt, Julia; Martin, Frank] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93906 USA. [Ribeiro, Olaf K.] Ribeiro Plant Lab Inc, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. RP Makalowska, I (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Computat Genom, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM izabelam@psu.edu; sxk55@psu.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Park, Jongsun/0000-0003-0786-4701 NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 966 EP 972 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0966 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700017 ER PT J AU Ovalle, W Comstock, JC Glynn, NC Castlebury, LA AF Ovalle, W. Comstock, J. C. Glynn, N. C. Castlebury, L. A. TI First report of Puccinia kuehnii, causal agent of orange rust of sugarcane, in Guatemala SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ovalle, W.] Cengicana Ctr Guatemalteco Invest & Capacitac Can, Santa Lucia Cotzumalguap, Escuintla, Guatemala. [Comstock, J. C.; Glynn, N. C.] ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, USDA, Canal Point, FL USA. [Castlebury, L. A.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Ovalle, W (reprint author), Cengicana Ctr Guatemalteco Invest & Capacitac Can, Km 92-5 Carretera Pacifico, Santa Lucia Cotzumalguap, Escuintla, Guatemala. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 973 EP 973 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0973C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700020 ER PT J AU Baker, CA Rosskopf, EN Irey, MS Jones, L Adkins, S AF Baker, C. A. Rosskopf, E. N. Irey, M. S. Jones, L. Adkins, S. TI Bidens mottle virus and Apium virus Y identified in Ammi majus in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Baker, C. A.; Jones, L.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Rosskopf, E. N.; Adkins, S.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Irey, M. S.] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Baker, CA (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 975 EP 975 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0975A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700024 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Jones, RW Black, LL Wang, TC Cooke, LR AF Deahl, K. L. Jones, R. W. Black, L. L. Wang, T. C. Cooke, L. R. TI First report of the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on tomato crops in Taiwan, republic of China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Deahl, K. L.; Jones, R. W.] USDA, ARS, PSI, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Black, L. L.] Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc, De Forest, WI 53532 USA. [Wang, T. C.] Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, Tainan 741, Taiwan. [Cooke, L. R.] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Appl Plant Sci Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PSI, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 978 EP 978 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0978A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700033 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Keinath, AP AF Kousik, C. S. Keinath, A. P. TI First report of insensitivity to cyazofamid among isolates of Phytophthora capsici from the southeastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Kousik, C. S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Keinath, A. P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal REC, Charleston, SC USA. RP Kousik, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 979 EP 979 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0979A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700036 ER PT J AU Riga, E Porter, LD Mojtahedi, H Erickson, D AF Riga, E. Porter, L. D. Mojtahedi, H. Erickson, D. TI Pratylenchus neglectus, P-thornei, and Paratylenchus hamatus nematodes causing yield reduction to dryland peas and lentils in Idaho SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Riga, E.] Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Porter, L. D.; Mojtahedi, H.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Erickson, D.] George F Brocke & Sons Inc, Kendrick, ID USA. RP Riga, E (reprint author), Washington State Univ, IAREC, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 979 EP 979 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0979B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700037 ER PT J AU Balestra, GM Sechler, A Schuenzel, E Schaad, NW AF Balestra, G. M. Sechler, A. Schuenzel, E. Schaad, N. W. TI First report of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri in Somalia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Balestra, G. M.] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Protez Piante, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Sechler, A.; Schuenzel, E.; Schaad, N. W.] USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Balestra, GM (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Protez Piante, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. OI BALESTRA, Giorgio/0000-0002-0822-4506 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 981 EP 981 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0981C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700044 ER PT J AU Bruton, BD Fish, WW Langston, DB AF Bruton, B. D. Fish, W. W. Langston, D. B. TI First report of fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum race 2 in Georgia watermelons SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Bruton, B. D.; Fish, W. W.] USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Bruton, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 195, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 983 EP 983 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0983B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700049 ER PT J AU Kolomiets, T Pankratova, L Mukhina, Z Kassanelly, D Matveeva, T Bogomaz, D Berner, D AF Kolomiets, T. Pankratova, L. Mukhina, Z. Kassanelly, D. Matveeva, T. Bogomaz, D. Berner, D. TI First report of leaf spot caused by Periconia igniaria on yellow starthistle in Russia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Kolomiets, T.] ARIP, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscovsky, Russia. [Mukhina, Z.] All Russia Rice Res Inst, Krasnodar 350921, Belozerny, Russia. [Kassanelly, D.] Kuban State Univ, Dept Biol, Krasnodar 350040, Russia. [Matveeva, T.; Bogomaz, D.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Berner, D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kolomiets, T (reprint author), ARIP, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscovsky, Russia. OI Matveeva, Tatiana/0000-0001-8569-6665 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 983 EP 983 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-6-0983A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 302ZC UT WOS:000256007700048 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Tausch, RJ Thogmartin, WE AF Beever, Erik A. Tausch, Robin J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Multi-scale responses of vegetation to removal of horse grazing from Great Basin (USA) mountain ranges SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community ecology; Equus caballus; feral horses; intermediate-disturbance hypothesis; Nevada; sagebrush communities ID FERAL HORSES; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; NATIONAL-PARKS; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; MAMMALS; CATTLE; SOILS; MODEL AB Although free-roaming equids occur on all of the world's continents except Antarctica, very few studies (and none in the Great Basin, USA) have either investigated their grazing effects on vegetation at more than one spatial scale or compared characteristics of areas from which grazing has been removed to those of currently grazed areas. We compared characteristics of vegetation at 19 sites in nine mountain ranges of the western Great Basin; sites were either grazed by feral horses (Equus caballus) or had had horses removed for the last 10-14 years. We selected horse-occupied and horse-removed sites with similar aspect, slope, fire history, grazing pressure by cattle (minimal to none), and dominant vegetation (Artemisia tridentata). During 1997 and 1998, line-intercept transects randomly located within sites revealed that horse-removed sites exhibited 1.1-1.9 times greater shrub cover, 1.2-1.5 times greater total plant cover, 2-12 species greater plant species richness, and 1.9-2.9 times greater cover and 1.1-2.4 times greater frequency of native grasses than did horse-occupied sites. In contrast, sites with horses tended to have more grazing-resistant forbs and exotic plants. Direction and magnitude of landscape-scale results were corroborated by smaller-scale comparisons within horse-occupied sites of horse-trail transects and (randomly located) transects that characterized overall site conditions. Information-theoretic analyses that incorporated various subsets of abiotic variables suggested that presence of horses was generally a strong determinant of those vegetation-related variables that differed significantly between treatments, especially frequency and cover of grasses, but also species richness and shrub cover and frequency. In contrast, abiotic variables such as precipitation, site elevation, and soil erodibility best predicted characteristics such as forb cover, shrub frequency, and continuity of the shrub canopy. We found species richness of plants monotonically decreased across sites as grazing disturbance increased, suggesting that either the bell-shaped diversity-disturbance curve of the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis does not apply in this system or that most sites are already all on the greater-disturbance slope of the curve. In our study, numerous vegetation properties of less-grazed areas and sites differed notably from horse-grazed sites at local and landscape scales during a wetter and an average-precipitation year. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tausch, Robin J.] Forest Serv, USDA, Intermt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM Erik_Beever@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 72 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 163 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9342-5 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 291KY UT WOS:000255197400002 ER PT J AU Parnell, S Gilligan, CA Lucas, JA Bock, CH van den Bosch, F AF Parnell, S. Gilligan, C. A. Lucas, J. A. Bock, C. H. van den Bosch, F. TI Changes in fungicide sensitivity and relative species abundance in Oculimacula yallundae and O-acuformis populations (eyespot disease of cereals) in Western Europe SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benomyl; demethylation-inhibitor; fitness cost; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides; Tapesia ID PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; TAPESIA-YALLUNDAE; WINTER-WHEAT; BENOMYL RESISTANCE; SUCCESSIVE CROPS; PATHOGEN; PROCHLORAZ; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB Changing fungicide sensitivities in populations of Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis, the species responsible for cereal eyespot in Western Europe, were determined over a 17 year period between 1984 and 2000. The data were collected by Aventis Crop Science as part of their long-term survey to monitor changes in sensitivity to prochloraz and the methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides in eyespot populations. The results show evidence for reduced sensitivity to both fungicides over the period of the survey. The decline in MBC sensitivity is in agreement with reports of practical resistance (a detectable loss of disease control in the field) to this fungicide which were widely reported from the mid 1980s onward. Prochloraz sensitivity was more complex, with the emergence of a higher resistance category of isolates in the late 1980s and early 1990s which then decreased in frequency towards the end of the survey. This may be partly explained by the introduction and increased use of cyprodinil in the mid 1990s. Although all trends were similar across Europe, differences were observed between the two eyespot species. A higher frequency of O. yallundae isolates showed decreased sensitivity to MBC, whereas decreased sensitivity to prochloraz was at a higher frequency in O. acuformis populations. The relative abundance of the two eyespot species was influenced by their differential levels of fungicide sensitivity, with the ratio increasing toward the species with the highest level of resistance to the prevailing fungicide. C1 [Parnell, S.; Lucas, J. A.; van den Bosch, F.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Parnell, S.; Gilligan, C. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Epidemiol & Modelling Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Parnell, S.; Bock, C. H.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Parnell, S (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM stephen.parnell@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Lucas, John/D-9699-2013; parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015 OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/C/00004942] NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01786.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 301PY UT WOS:000255909300013 ER PT J AU Lucero, M Barrow, JR Osuna, P Reyes, I AF Lucero, M. Barrow, J. R. Osuna, P. Reyes, I. TI A cryptic microbial community persists within micropropagated Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. cultures SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus ustus; Engyodontium album; Moniliophthora; Phoma; Altemaria; endophyte ID CANESCENS PURSH NUTT; DARK SEPTATE FUNGI; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; RDNA SEQUENCES; SYMBIOSIS; EVOLUTION; GRASSES; STRESS; ROOTS; PINE AB Higher plants are ubiquitously colonized with fungal endophytes that often lack readily detectable structures. This study examines the diverse endophyte population within a single line of micropropagated Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr., using microscopy and comparison of internal spacer (ITS) gene sequences obtained from both plant and isolated fungal tissues. Microscopy revealed fungal hyphae and lipid bodies, the majority of which lacked distinguishing characters. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences amplified from fungal isolates and micropropagated plant tissues were subjected to Bayesian analysis, which clearly distinguished six endophyte taxa. Results confirm a diverse, cryptic endophyte consortium is retained within this micropropagated plant line. The probability of similar complexity in other plant species is discussed. The development of controlled systems in which to study single plant-fungal interactions within such consortia presents significant technical challenges. However, potential for such systems to reveal species interactions that influence plant growth and development is high. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lucero, M.; Barrow, J. R.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Osuna, P.] Univ Autonoma Cd Juarez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Reyes, I.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lucero, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM malucero@nmsu.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 174 IS 6 BP 570 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.02.012 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 310OP UT WOS:000256539200004 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC AF Sicher, Richard C. TI Effects of CO2 enrichment on soluble amino acids and organic acids in barley primary leaves as a function of age, photoperiod and chlorosis SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE assimilate partitioning; elevated CO2; leaf yellowing; N assimilation; small grain cereals; controlled environments ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TOBACCO PLANTS; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION; ACCLIMATION; METABOLITES; RESPONSES; VACUOLES AB Responses of soluble amino acids and organic acids to either ambient (36 Pa) or elevated (100 Pa) CO2 treatments were determined using barley primary leaves (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Brant). Total soluble amino acids were increased 33% by CO2 enrichment 9 days after sowing (DAS), but a decrease relative to the ambient CO2 treatment was observed with increasing leaf age. Marked declines of glutamine and asparagine were observed under CO2 enrichment, both diurnally and with advancing leaf age. Consequently, total soluble amino acids were 59% lower in the elevated compared to the ambient CO2 treatment 17 DAS. It was likely that chlorosis in response to CO2 enrichment negatively impacted soluble amino acid levels in older barley primary leaves. In contrast to the ambient CO2 treatment, glutamine and most other soluble amino acids decreased as much as 60% during the latter half of a 12 In photoperiod in primary leaves of 13-day-old seedlings grown under enhanced CO2. Malate was decreased about 9 percent by CO2 enrichment and citrate and succinate were increased by similar amounts when measured 9 and 13 DAS. Malate accumulation was also decreased about 20% by CO2 enrichment on a diurnal basis. The onset of CO2-dependent leaf yellowing had much less of an effect on organic acids than on soluble amino acids. This above results emphasized the sensitivity of N metabolism to CO2 enrichment in barley. Increased levels of citrate and succinate in response to CO2 enrichment suggested that the tricarboxylic acid cycle was upregulated in barley by CO2 enrichment. In summary, organic and amino acid levels in barley primary leaves were dynamic and were altered by age, diurnally and in response to CO2 enrichment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Room 342,Bldg 001,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM SicherR@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 174 IS 6 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.03.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 310OP UT WOS:000256539200005 ER PT J AU Wubben, MJ Callahan, FE Hayes, RW Jenkins, JN AF Wubben, Martin J. Callahan, Franklin E. Hayes, Russel W. Jenkins, Johnie N. TI Molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the MIC (Meloidogyne Induced Cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cotton; nematode; disease resistance; gene expression ID KNOT NEMATODE RESISTANCE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; INFECTION; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE; ARABIDOPSIS; INCOGNITA AB The molecular events underlying the resistance of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to the root-knot nematode (RKN) are largely unknown. In this report, we further characterize the previously identified MIC3 gene including the identification of 14 related MIC cDNAs in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show > 85% identity with MIC3. A time-course analysis of RKN infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum MIC transcript accumulation occurred immediately prior to the phenotypic manifestation of resistance. MIC expression was not induced by mechanical wounding or by virulent reniform nematode infection. MIC expression was undetectable in cotton leaves undergoing a hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas campestris. A time-course analysis of defense gene expression (PR10, ERF5, CDNS, LOX1, POD4, POD8) in resistant and susceptible cotton roots showed that RKN infection specifically elicits the induction of MIC in resistant roots and not other common defense-signaling pathways. These results suggest that cotton resistance to RKN involves novel defense-signaling pathways and further supports the idea that the MIC genes are intimately involved in this resistance response and represent a group of root-specific defense-related genes in cotton. C1 [Wubben, Martin J.; Callahan, Franklin E.; Hayes, Russel W.; Jenkins, Johnie N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wubben, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM martin.wubben@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 2008 VL 228 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00425-008-0723-3 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304AU UT WOS:000256083200010 PM 18357465 ER PT J AU Chandran, D Sharopova, N Ivashuta, S Gantt, JS VandenBosch, KA Samac, DA AF Chandran, Divya Sharopova, Natasha Ivashuta, Sergey Gantt, J. Stephen VandenBosch, Kathryn A. Samac, Deborah A. TI Transcriptome profiling identified novel genes associated with aluminum toxicity, resistance and tolerance in Medicago truncatula SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE aluminum toxicity; barrel medic; legume; microarray; organic acid; RNA interference ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; INDUCED GROWTH-INHIBITION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; WHEAT ROOTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; REGULATED GENES; PLANT DEFENSE; PEA ROOTS; ZEA-MAYS; ARABIDOPSIS AB Oligonucleotide microarrays corresponding to over 16,000 genes were used to analyze changes in transcript accumulation in root tips of the Al-sensitive Medicago truncatula cultivar Jemalong genotype A17 in response to Al treatment. Out of 2,782 genes with significant changes in transcript accumulation, 324 genes were up-regulated and 267 genes were down-regulated at least twofold by Al. Up-regulated genes were enriched in transcripts involved in cell-wall modification and abiotic and biotic stress responses while down-regulated genes were enriched in transcripts involved in primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, protein synthesis and processing, and the cell cycle. Known markers of Al-induced gene expression including genes associated with oxidative stress and cell wall stiffening were differentially regulated in this study. Transcript profiling identified novel genes associated with processes involved in Al toxicity including cell wall modification, cell cycle arrest and ethylene production. Novel genes potentially associated with Al resistance and tolerance in M. truncatula including organic acid transporters, cell wall loosening enzymes, Ca(2+) homeostasis maintaining genes, and Al-binding were also identified. In addition, expression analysis of nine genes in the mature regions of the root revealed that Al-induced gene expression in these regions may play a role in Al tolerance. Finally, interfering RNA-induced silencing of two Al-induced genes, pectin acetylesterase and annexin, in A17 hairy roots slightly increased the sensitivity of A17 to Al suggesting that these genes may play a role in Al resistance. C1 [Samac, Deborah A.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chandran, Divya; Sharopova, Natasha; Ivashuta, Sergey; Gantt, J. Stephen; VandenBosch, Kathryn A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gantt, J. Stephen; VandenBosch, Kathryn A.; Samac, Deborah A.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Microbial & Plant Gen, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Samac, Deborah A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu RI Chandran, Divya/A-4236-2012 NR 75 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 2008 VL 228 IS 1 BP 151 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s00425-008-0726-0 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304AU UT WOS:000256083200013 PM 18351384 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC AF Johnson, R. C. TI Gene banks pay big dividends to agriculture, the environment, and human welfare SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1155 AR e148 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060148 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 318QA UT WOS:000257105500005 PM 18547147 ER PT J AU Slaughter, DC Obenland, DM Thompson, JF Arpaia, ML Margosan, DA AF Slaughter, D. C. Obenland, D. M. Thompson, J. F. Arpaia, M. L. Margosan, D. A. TI Non-destructive freeze damage detection in oranges using machine vision and ultraviolet fluorescence SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus; ultraviolet; fluorescence; non-destructive; freeze damage; machine vision ID PEEL AB A non-contact, non-destructive, and rapid method of detecting freeze-damaged oranges based on ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence of the peel oil constituents visible on the peel surface was investigated. The visual appearance is different from oleocellosis in that freeze-damaged oranges exhibit a fine pattern of 1-2 min bright yellow dots on the peel when viewed under longwave UV light. Visual and machine vision-based methods were evaluated to determine their ability to detect freeze damage in Californian navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) subjected to laboratory simulated freeze conditions of -7 degrees C for 0, 8, or 16 h periods. The study focused on the period within the first few days (i.e., prior to fruit dehydration) after a freeze event has occurred because there are currently no rapid, objective, and non-destructive methods of freeze damage detection available for use during that time period. Using the USDA segment cut method to determine the presence of internal freeze damage, the classification rates for both UV fluorescence methods varied with the level of freeze damage. Using machine vision, a classification accuracy of 87.9% was obtained for unfrozen and moderately or severely frozen fruit, dropping to 64.4% for fruit with low levels of freeze damage. UV fluorescence shows promise for both visual inspection using existing black light inspection rooms or for automation using on-line machine vision techniques for separating freeze-damaged fruit subjected to moderate or severe freeze conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Slaughter, D. C.; Thompson, J. F.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Obenland, D. M.; Margosan, D. A.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Arpaia, M. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Slaughter, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dcslaughter@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.09.012 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 292AL UT WOS:000255238700003 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Hodges, DM AF Lester, Gene E. Hodges, D. Mark TI Antioxidants associated with fruit senescence and human health: Novel orange-fleshed non-netted honey dew melon genotype comparisons following different seasonal productions and cold storage durations SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; ascorbate peroxidase; catalase; malondialdehyde; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; superoxide dismutase ID FOLIAR POTASSIUM APPLICATIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MUSKMELON FRUIT; ASCORBIC-ACID; 2 CULTIVARS; QUALITY; RESPONSES; CANTALOUPE; CAPACITY; TISSUES AB Orange-fleshed cantaloupe fruit (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) continues to raise food-safety concerns due to attachment of enteric bacteria to sites on the netted surface inaccessible to sanitation. Non-netted orange-fleshed honey dew fruit (Cucumis melo L. Inodorus group) versus cantaloupe offers a safer and a healthier (nutritional content) option. Some commercially available non-netted orange-fleshed honey dew genotype fruit were compared for antioxidants associated with storage quality following autumn and spring production cycles, harvested at abscission (mature) and stored for up to 24 d at 5 degrees C or 10 degrees C. Spring versus autumn production generally yielded higher overall levels of 5methyltetrahydrofolate (folic acid), calcium, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipophilic total antioxidant capacities. 'Orange Delight' and 'Orange Dew', were generally superior to 'Honey Gold', 'Temptation' and a breeding line as they consistently demonstrated some of the highest levels of total ascorbic acid, P-carotene, and potassium. 'Orange Delight' and 'Orange Dew' were also among the cultivars with the highest activities of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 1 1), catalase (EC 1. 11. 1.6), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1. 15. 1. 1). These two cultivars also exhibited the least increase in MDA (i.e. lipid peroxidation) during storage, suggesting antioxidant levels limited oxidative-related senescence compared to the other genotypes. Results indicate that there are significant differences in human health-related and storage quality-related phytochemical profiles between orange-fleshed honey dew cultivars and that high antioxidant levels are associated with reduced lipid peroxidation during fruit cold storage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Hodges, D. Mark] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 East Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.11.008 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 292AL UT WOS:000255238700004 ER PT J AU Nyankanga, RO Wien, HC Olanya, OM AF Nyankanga, R. O. Wien, H. C. Olanya, O. M. TI Effects of Mulch and Potato Hilling on Development of Foliar Blight (Phytophthora infestans) and the Control of Tuber Blight Infection SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cultivars; Cultural practices; Mulch; Potato hilling; Phytophthora infestans; Tuber blight AB Foliar and tuber blight caused by Phytophthora infestans accounts for significant losses in potatoes in field and storage. Nevertheless, limited research has been published on the effects of cultural practices on late blight control. Field experiments were conducted in two years on Howard gravely loam soil in New York State to evaluate the effectiveness of mulching using oat straw and hilling in preventing tuber blight infection for cvs Allegany and Katahdin. Potato hilling and mulching had little effect on foliar blight development. The cultivar affected the disease development in the foliage, with cv. Allegany showing lower foliar late blight than cv. Katahdin. Tuber blight incidence averaged 25% for cv. Allegany and 3% for cv. Katahdin in hilled plots, while in the mulched plots the incidence of tuber blight averaged 33% for cv. Allegany and 10% for cv. Katahdin. The straw hay mulch was ineffective in tuber blight control. Tubers set at a soil depth of more than 7 cm had lower tuber blight incidence than shallow tubers set at a depth of less than 7 cm. In both years, hilling provided partial protection of tubers but its effectiveness was limited in the presence of favourable conditions for late blight development. Even though large hills had proportionally a lower tuber blight incidence than medium-sized hills, the difference between the different hill sizes was not significant. These studies suggest that the use of cultivars with foliage resistance to late blight in combination with cultural practices may partially reduce the incidence of tuber blight. C1 [Olanya, O. M.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nyankanga, R. O.; Wien, H. C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov FU Rockefeller Foundation FX The authors are grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for partially funding this research as part of the first author's Ph.D. dissertation at Cornell University. We thank Professor William Fry's laboratory for culture of US-8 isolate and the USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil and Water Laboratory for technical and logistical support. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s11540-008-9093-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V24MB UT WOS:000208413400001 ER PT J AU Dunkley, CS Friend, TH McReynolds, JL Woodward, CL Kim, WK Dunkley, KD Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, C. S. Friend, T. H. McReynolds, J. L. Woodward, C. L. Kim, W. K. Dunkley, K. D. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Behavioral responses of laying hens to different alfalfa-layer ration combinations fed during molting SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; alfalfa-layer ration; laying hen; molt ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; DOMESTIC-FOWLS; BATTERY CAGES; EGG INDUSTRY; DIET; INDUCTION; FEED; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE AB Induced molting by feed withdrawal has been a common practice in the commercial layer industry and usually involves the removal of feed for a period of up to 14 d. However, this is a practice that is believed to adversely influence the welfare of the hens and there is a need to examine behavioral responses to alternative molt regimens. The behavioral patterns of hens on 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration, 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration, and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration molt diets were compared with feed withdrawal (FW) hens, and fully fed (FF) hens. The White Leghorn laying hens were approximately 54 wk old and were placed in 3 identical climate-controlled rooms. The hens were individually housed in 2-tier wire battery cages and provided treatment rations and water ad libitum. Nonnutritive pecking, walking, drinking, feeder activity, preening, aggression, and head movement were quantified during two 10-min periods each day for 6 hens from each treatment. Over the 9-d treatment period, hens in the FW, 70% alfalfa: 30% layer ration, and 80% alfalfa: 20% layer ration groups spent significantly more time walking than hens in the 90% alfalfa: 10% layer ration group. The FF and 70% alfalfa: 30% layer ration hens spent half as much time preening, whereas the FW hens displayed nearly twice as much nonnutritive pecking when compared with other treatments. Most differences in head movements occurred at the beginning of the molt period, whereas during the last half of molt, alfalfa-fed hens exhibited feeder activity similar to FF hens, and all were significantly higher than that of FW hens. After some initial adjustment by the hens, consumption of alfalfa molt diets appeared to reduce nonnutritive pecking behavior, which is characteristically associated with FW hens. C1 [Dunkley, C. S.; Woodward, C. L.; Kim, W. K.; Dunkley, K. D.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Friend, T. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McReynolds, J. L.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1011 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00386 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400002 PM 18492986 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Fahey, AG Cheng, HW AF Dennis, R. L. Fahey, A. G. Cheng, H. W. TI Different effects of individual identification systems on chicken well-being SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; identification system; wing band; leg band; livestock marker; swiftack tag ID ZEBRA FINCHES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATE CHOICE; COLOR BANDS; GROUP-SIZE; BEHAVIOR; BLUETHROAT; SELECTION; SYMMETRY; TRAITS AB Individual identification is a common method used in animal research. This study was designed to examine if commonly used identification systems (i.e., leg bands, wing bands, neck tags, and livestock markers) have different effects on hens' behavioral and physiological homeostasis. At 18 wk of age, hens were paired in all combinations of treatments and control (unmarked hens; n = 10) in a novel cage for 5 trials of 1 h each to test the effects of identification markers on social behaviors. Wing-banded hens tended to exhibit increased feather pecking compared with control hens (P < 0.10), suggesting a slight increase in social stress. No effect of identification treatment was evident on frequency of aggressive behaviors (P > 0.10). At 20 wk of age, absolute fluctuating asymmetry (FA), but not relative FA, of shank length and width was more significant in leg-banded hens (P < 0.05) and tended to be significant in wing-banded hens (P < 0.10), compared with control hens. Asymmetry of the shank is often a result of high stress levels, including social stress. Body weight measured at 20 wk of age showed that hens with leg bands were significantly lighter than control hens (P < 0.05), possibly as a result of decreased access to resources, increased metabolism, or decreased appetite due to elevated stress. Increased absolute FA and decreased BW could be evidence of a disruption of the hens' physiological homeostasis due to increased stress. Hens with leg bands also tended to have lower percentage of heterophils (P < 0.10), indicative of increased stress and reduced immunocompetence. Our findings provide clear evidence of the negative effects of wing and leg band identification systems on hens' wellbeing, altering both physiological and behavioral homeostasis. Without knowledge of the effects, the use of individual identification systems could lead to misinterpretation of experimental results. C1 [Dennis, R. L.; Fahey, A. G.; Cheng, H. W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dennis, R. L.; Fahey, A. G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Heng-wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov OI Fahey, Alan/0000-0002-4594-5767 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1057 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00240 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400007 PM 18492991 ER PT J AU Rothrock, MJ Cook, KL Lovanh, N Warren, JG Sistani, K AF Rothrock, M. J., Jr. Cook, K. L. Lovanh, N. Warren, J. G. Sistani, K. TI Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to target a novel group of ammonia-producing bacteria found in poultry litter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; poultry litter; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; urease ID LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; MICROBIAL UREASES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; NITROGEN; MANURE; HOUSES; EMISSIONS; MINERALIZATION AB Ammonia production in poultry houses has serious implications for flock health and performance, nutrient value of poultry litter, and energy costs for running poultry operations. In poultry litter, the conversion of organic N (uric acid and urea) to NH4-N is a microbially mediated process. The urease enzyme is responsible for the final step in the conversion of urea to NH4-N. Cloning and analysis of 168 urease sequences from extracted genomic DNA from poultry litter samples revealed the presence of a novel, dominant group of ureolytic microbes (representing 90% of the urease clone library). Specific primers and a probe were designed to target this novel poultry litter urease producer (PLUP) group, and a new quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed. The assay allowed for the detection of 10(2) copies of target urease sequences per PCR reaction (approximately 1 x 10(4) cells per gram of poultry litter), and the reaction was linear over 8 orders of magnitude. Our PLUP group was present only in poultry litter and was not present in environmental samples from diverse agriculutural settings. This novel PLUP group represented between 0.1 to 3.1% of the total microbial populations (6.0 x 10(6) to 2.4 x 10(8) PLUP cells per gram of litter) from diverse poultry litter types. The PLUP cell concentrations were directly correlated to the total cell concentrations in the poultry litter and were found to be influenced by the physical parameters of the litters (bedding material, moisture content, pH), as well as the NH4-N content of the litters, based on principal component analysis. Chemical parameters (organic N, total N, total C) were not found to be influential in the concentrations of our PLUP group in the diverse poultry litters Future applications of this assay could include determining the efficacy of current NH4-N-reducing litter amendments or in designing more efficient treatment protocols. C1 [Rothrock, M. J., Jr.; Cook, K. L.; Lovanh, N.; Warren, J. G.; Sistani, K.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Rothrock, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM mrothrock@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1067 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00350 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400008 PM 18492992 ER PT J AU Nisbet, DJ Edrington, TS McReynolds, JL Callaway, TR Byrd, JA AF Nisbet, D. J. Edrington, T. S. McReynolds, J. L. Callaway, T. R. Byrd, J. A. TI Influence of exogenous melatonin administration on Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in molted layers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteritidis; molting; laying hen; feed withdrawal; lighting ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; SPONTANEOUS CONTRACTIONS; MOLTING HENS; LAYING HENS; IN-VITRO; LEGHORN HENS; RAT; ZINC; SEROTONIN AB Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of melatonin on Salmonella Enteritidis infection in experimentally challenged laying hens subjected to a forced molt. Leghorn hens (>50 wk of age) were randomly assigned to rooms, acclimated to a 16L:8D regimen, and provided ad libitum access to a nonmedicated mash layer diet and water. Birds in one room were molted (8L:16D; complete feed withdrawal), whereas birds in the second room served as nonmolted controls (CONT). Within each room, birds were randomly assigned to melatonin treatment (MEL; 12 birds/treatment), dosed orally commencing the same day as feed withdrawal for 10 d: (experiment I: 0 or 5 mg of melatonin; experiment II: 0, 10, or 20 mg of melatonin). Three days following feed withdrawal, all birds were experimentally infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, and after 10 d of feed withdrawal, all birds were killed and necropsied. In experiment I, concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella Enteritidis-positive tissues from the crop, ceca, liver, spleen, and ovary were higher (P < 0.0001) in the MOLT compared with the CONT treatments. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed in any of the parameters examined due to MEL treatment. For experiment II, cecal concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis were generally higher in the MOLT compared with the CONT treatment and within molted birds, cecal concentrations were higher in the MEL treatment (P < 0.05). Melatonin treatment in molted birds increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of positive crops in the MOLT+20 MEL treatment (P < 0.05). Salmonella-positive cecal tissue was increased (P < 0.001) in MOLT compared with CONT birds and was also higher in MOLT+10 MEL and MOLT+20 MEL birds compared with the MOLT-only treatment. Results from the current research suggest that dosage with high levels of melatonin may exacerbate Salmonella Enteritidis infection in layers subjected to forced molt. C1 [Nisbet, D. J.; Edrington, T. S.; McReynolds, J. L.; Callaway, T. R.; Byrd, J. A.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nisbet, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM d-nisbet@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1083 EP 1088 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00016 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400011 PM 18492995 ER PT J AU Viscione, KA Branton, SL Gerard, PD Whitmarsh, SK Peebles, ED AF Viscione, K. A. Branton, S. L. Gerard, P. D. Whitmarsh, S. K. Peebles, E. D. TI Effects of a prelay 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation alone or in conjunction with subsequent F-Strain M-gallisepticum inoculations during lay on the internal egg characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; laying hen; yolk ID YOLK COMPOSITION; AGE; PERFORMANCE AB The effects of a prelay 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (6/85MG) inoculation alone or in conjunction with subsequent F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) inoculations during lay on the internal egg characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens were investigated. In the first 2 treatment groups, birds were sham inoculated or were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk of age. In a third treatment group, birds were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk in conjunction with a subsequent inoculation of FMG at 22 wk, and in a fourth treatment group, birds were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk in conjunction with a subsequent inoculation of FMG at 45 wk. Percentage yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk moisture, and yolk lipid were determined at 24, 32, 43, 47, and 58 wk of hen age. The data from wk 24, 32, and 43 were analyzed separately from those at wk 47 and 58. Furthermore, yolk fatty acid profiles were determined at wk 58. The applied treatments affected yolk moisture and fatty acid profiles. Across wk 24, 32, and 43, yolk moisture content was higher in birds inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk and FMG at 22 wk when compared with control birds and those inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk alone. In addition, at wk 58, yolk palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acid concentrations were affected differently by treatment. A 22-wk FMG inoculation in birds previously inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk may increase yolk moisture content, and alterations in yolk palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acid levels with treatment may be manifested by disturbances in fatty acid synthesis. C1 [Viscione, K. A.; Whitmarsh, S. K.; Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1124 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00009 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400016 PM 18493000 ER PT J AU Patterson, PH Koelkebeck, KW Anderson, KE Darre, MJ Carey, JB Ahn, DU Ernst, RA Kuney, DR Jones, DR AF Patterson, P. H. Koelkebeck, K. W. Anderson, K. E. Darre, M. J. Carey, J. B. Ahn, D. U. Ernst, R. A. Kuney, D. R. Jones, D. R. TI Temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution: production - Part 1 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg production; egg temperature; shell egg ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; CONTAMINATION; QUALITY AB During Egg Safety Action Plan hearings in Washington, DC, many questions were raised concerning the egg temperature (T) used in the risk assessment model. Therefore, a national study was initiated to determine the T of eggs from oviposition through distribution. In part 1; researchers gathered data on internal and surface egg T from commercial egg production facilities. An infrared thermometer was used to rapidly measure surface T, and internal T was determined by probing individual eggs. The main effects were geographic region (state) and season evaluated in a factorial design. Egg T data were recorded in the production facilities in standardized comparisons. Regression analysis (P < 0.0001) showed that the R-2 (0.952) between infrared egg surface T and internal T was very high, and validated further use of the infrared thermometer. Hen house egg surface and internal T were significantly influenced by state, season, and the state x season interaction. Mean hen house egg surface T was 27.3 and 23.8 degrees C for summer and winter, respectively, with 29.2 and 26.2 degrees C for egg internal T (P < 0.0001). Hen house eggs from California had the lowest surface and internal T in winter among all the states (P < 0.0001), whereas the highest egg surface T were recorded during summer in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas, and the highest internal T were recorded from Texas and Georgia. Cooling of warm eggs following oviposition was significantly influenced by season, state, and their interaction. Egg internal T when 3/4 cool was higher in summer vs. winter and higher in North Carolina and Pennsylvania compared with Iowa. The time required to 3/4 cool eggs was greater in winter than summer and greater in Iowa than in other states. These findings showed seasonal and state impacts on ambient T in the hen house that ultimately influenced egg surface and internal T. More important, they showed opportunities to influence cooling rate to improve internal and microbial egg quality. C1 [Patterson, P. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koelkebeck, K. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Darre, M. J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Carey, J. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ahn, D. U.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ernst, R. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kuney, D. R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. [Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Patterson, PH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM php1@psu.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1182 EP 1186 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00242 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400025 PM 18493009 ER PT J AU Koelkebeck, KW Patterson, PH Anderson, KE Darre, MJ Carey, JB Ahn, DU Ernst, RA Kuney, DR Jones, D AF Koelkebeck, K. W. Patterson, P. H. Anderson, K. E. Darre, M. J. Carey, J. B. Ahn, D. U. Ernst, R. A. Kuney, D. R. Jones, D. TI Temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution: Processing - Part 2 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg processing; egg temperature; shell egg AB The Egg Safety Action Plan released in 1999 raised questions concerning egg temperature used in the risk assessment model. Therefore, a national study was initiated to determine the internal and external temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution. Researchers gathered data from commercial egg production, shell egg processing, and distribution facilities. The experimental design was a mixed model with 2 random effects for season and geographic region and a fixed effect for operation type (inline or offline). For this report, internal and external egg temperature data were recorded at specific points during shell egg processing in the winter and summer months. In addition, internal egg temperatures were recorded in pre- and postshell egg processing cooler areas. There was a significant season x geographic region interaction (P < 0.05) for both surface and internal temperatures. Egg temperatures were lower in the winter vs. summer, but eggs gained in temperature from the accumulator to the postshell egg processing cooler. During shell egg processing, summer egg surface and internal temperatures were greater (P < 0.05) than during the winter. When examining the effect of shell egg processing time and conditions, it was found that 2.4 and 3.8 degrees C were added to egg surface temperatures, and 3.3 and 6.0 degrees C were added to internal temperatures in the summer and winter, respectively. Internal egg temperatures were higher (P < 0.05) in the preshell egg processing cooler area during the summer vs. winter, and internal egg temperatures were higher (P < 0.05) in the summer when eggs were 3/4 cool (temperature change required to meet USDA-Agricultural Marketing Service storage regulation of 7.2 degrees C) in the postshell egg processing area. However, the cooling rate was not different (P > 0.05) for eggs in the postshell egg processing cooler area in the summer vs. winter. Therefore, these data suggest that season of year and geographic location can affect the temperature of eggs during shell egg processing and should be a component in future assessments of egg safety. C1 [Koelkebeck, K. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Patterson, P. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Darre, M. J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Carey, J. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ahn, D. U.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ernst, R. A.; Kuney, D. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ernst, R. A.; Kuney, D. R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Jones, D.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Koelkebeck, KW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kkoelkeb@uiuc.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00239 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400026 PM 18493010 ER PT J AU Anderson, KE Patterson, PH Koelkebeck, KW Darre, MJ Carey, JB Ahn, DU Ernst, RA Kuney, DR Jones, DR AF Anderson, K. E. Patterson, P. H. Koelkebeck, K. W. Darre, M. J. Carey, J. B. Ahn, D. U. Ernst, R. A. Kuney, D. R. Jones, D. R. TI Temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution: Transportation - Part 3 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg transport; egg temperature; shell egg AB The Egg Safety Action Plan released in 1999 raised many questions concerning egg temperature used in the risk assessment model. Therefore, a national study by researchers in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Texas was initiated to determine the internal and external temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution. Researchers gathered data from commercial egg production, processing, and distribution facilities. The experimental design was a mixed model with random effects for season and a fixed effect for duration of the transport period (long or short haul). It was determined that processors used refrigerated transport trucks (REFER) as short-term storage (STS) in both the winter and summer. Therefore, this summary of data obtained from REFER also examines the impact of their use as STS. Egg temperature data were recorded for specific loads of eggs during transport to point of resale or distribution to retailers. To standardize data comparisons between loads, they were segregated between long and short hauls. The summer egg temperatures were higher in the STS and during delivery. Egg temperature was not significantly reduced during the STS phase. Egg temperature decreases were less (P < 0.0001) during short delivery hauls 0.6 degrees C than during long hauls 7.8 degrees C. There was a significant season x delivery interaction (P < 0.05) for the change in the temperature differences between the egg and ambient temperature indicated as the cooling potential. This indicated that the ambient temperature during long winter deliveries had the potential to increase egg temperature. The REFER used as STS did not appreciably reduce internal egg temperature. These data suggest that the season of year affects the temperature of eggs during transport. Eggs are appreciably cooled on the truck, during the delivery phase, which was contrary to the original supposition that egg temperatures would remain static during refrigerated transport. These data indicate that refrigerated transport should be a component in future assessments of egg safety. C1 [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Patterson, P. H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koelkebeck, K. W.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Darre, M. J.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Carey, J. B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ahn, D. U.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ernst, R. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kuney, D. R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Anderson, KE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ken_anderson@ncsu.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1201 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00236 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400027 PM 18493011 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Northcutt, JK Jones, DR Cox, NA Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, M. T. Northcutt, J. K. Jones, D. R. Cox, N. A. Harrison, M. A. TI Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from shell eggs collected during commercial processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shell egg; Enterobacteriaceae; commercial processing ID MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; HENS EGG; SALMONELLA; IDENTIFICATION; SAKAZAKII; BACTERIA; FOODS; WATER AB In the United States, commercial shell eggs are washed and graded before retail. Since passage of the Egg Products Inspection Act in 1971, processing guidelines have been set to ensure that external and internal characteristics are maintained. However, less is known about how commercial processing affects the safety of shell eggs. To identify enteric bacteria entering plants and persisting throughout processing, eggs were collected from 3 US commercial shell egg-processing plants on 3 separate visits. On each plant visit, 12 eggs were collected from each of 12 sites along the processing line: accumulator, prewash rinse, first washer, second washer, sanitizer rinse, dryer, oiler, check detection/scales, 2 egg grader/packer head lanes, rewash belt entrance, and rewash belt exit. Each egg was sampled by a rinse technique, and the rinsate was plated onto violet red bile glucose agar with overlay for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae. From each plate, up to 5 colonies were randomly selected and isolated for identification to genus or species by using biochemical tests. Several genera and species were detected at each of the 3 plants. Sites from which the greatest numbers of isolates were identified were those collected from eggs during preprocessing (accumulator, prewash rinse) or from eggs judged as dirty (rewash belt entrance or exit). Sites yielding the smallest number of isolates were those during or at the end of processing. Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. were isolated from each of the 9 plant visits. Other genera isolated from at least 1 of the 3 plants included Cedecea, Citrobacter, Erwinia, Hafnia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Leclercia, Morganella, Proteus, Providencia, Rahnella, Salmonella, and Serratia. Non-Enterobacteriaceae isolated and identified included Aeromonas, Chryseomonas, Listonella, Pseudomonas, Sphin-gobacterium, Vibrio, and Xanthomonas. All of the genera and species were recovered less frequently from fully processed eggs than from unwashed eggs, indicating that shell eggs are less contaminated with bacteria as a result of commercial washing procedures. C1 [Musgrove, M. T.; Northcutt, J. K.; Jones, D. R.; Cox, N. A.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mike.musgrove@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1218 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00496 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 309CD UT WOS:000256437400029 PM 18493013 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Brinton, WF Evans, E AF Haney, R. L. Brinton, W. F. Evans, E. TI Soil CO(2) respiration: Comparison of chemical titration, CO(2) IRGA analysis and the Solvita gel system SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE chemical titration; soil CO(2) respiration; infrared gas analysis; soil microbial activity ID CARBON-DIOXIDE AB The measurement of soil carbon dioxide respiration is a means to gauge biological soil fertility. Test methods for respiration employed in the laboratory vary somewhat, and to date the equipment and labor required have somewhat limited more widespread adoption of such methodologies. The purpose of this research is to compare the results of measured soil CO(2) respiration using three methods: (1) titration method; (2) infrared gas analysis (IRGA); and (3) the Solvita gel system for soil CO(2) analysis. We acquired 36 soil samples from across the USA for comparison, which ranged in pH from 4.5 to 8.5, organic C from 0.8 to 4.6% and the clay content from 6 to 62%. All three methods were highly correlated with each other after 24-h of incubation (titration and Solvita r(2) = 0.82, respirometer and Solvita r(2) = 0.79 and titration versus respirometer r(2) = 0.95). The 24-h (1-day) CO(2) release from all three methods was also highly correlated to both basal soil respiration (7-28 days) and cumulative 28-day CO(2) respiration. An additional 24 soil samples were acquired and added to the original 36, for a total of 60 soil samples. These samples were used for calibration of the Solvita gel digital color reader results using CO(2)-titration results and regression analysis. Regression analysis resulted in the equation y = 20.6 * (Solvita number) - 16.5 with an r(2) of 0.83. The data suggest that the Solvita gel system for soil CO(2) analysis could be a simple and easily used method to quantify soil microbial activity. Applications may also exist for the gel system for in situ measurements in surface gas chambers. Once standardized soil sampling and laboratory analysis protocols are established, the Solvita method could be easily adapted to commercial soil testing labs as an index of soil microbial activity. C1 [Brinton, W. F.; Evans, E.] Woods End Labs Inc, Mt Vernon, ME 04352 USA. [Haney, R. L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM rhaney@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1017/S174217050800224X PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 310MF UT WOS:000256533000010 ER PT J AU Lents, CA Heidorn, NL Barb, CR Ford, JJ AF Lents, Clay A. Heidorn, Neely L. Barb, C. Richard Ford, J. Joe TI Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin activates gonadotropin but not somatotropin secretion in prepubertal gilts SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS; KISS-1 PEPTIDE; GROWTH-HORMONE; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM; NATURAL LIGAND; GPR54; PUBERTY AB it is well established that kisspeptin signaling is necessary for the onset of puberty in laboratory animals. However, the role that kisspeptin may have in regulating puberty in large domestic animals is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that either central or peripheral infusion of kisspeptin would stimulate gonadotropin and GH secretion in prepubertal gilts. in experiment 1, prepubertal gilts were fitted with i.c.v. cannula and indwelling jugular catheters. Animals were randomly assigned to receive 0, 10, or 100 mu g kisspeptin in saline. In experiment 2, prepubertal gilts, fitted with indwelling jugular catheters, randomly received 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 mg kisspeptin in saline intravenously. Serial blood samples were collected every 15 min for 3 h before and 5 h after infusions, and serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and GH were determined. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH remained at basal levels for control animals but were increased (P<0.001) for animals receiving i.c.v. infusion of kisspeptin. Area under the LH and FSH curves following i.c.v. infusion of kisspeptin increased (P<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. Concentrations of GH were unaffected by i.c.v. treatment. Peripheral administration of kisspeptin increased (P<0.05) serum concentrations of LH but not FSH or GH. Thus, kisspeptin can activate gonadotropic but not somatotropic hormone secretion in prepubertal gilts. The present data support the concept that kisspeptin plays a role in the mechanism involved in initiating puberty in swine. C1 [Lents, Clay A.; Heidorn, Neely L.] Univ Georgia, Edgar L Rhodes Ctr Anim & Dairy Sci 316, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barb, C. Richard] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Ford, J. Joe] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lents, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Edgar L Rhodes Ctr Anim & Dairy Sci 316, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, 425 River Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM clents@uga.edu NR 54 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JUN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 6 BP 879 EP 887 DI 10.1530/REP-07-0502 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 313AR UT WOS:000256714000014 PM 18339687 ER PT J AU Tjelmeland, AD Fulbright, TE Lloyd-Reilley, J AF Tjelmeland, Aaron D. Fulbright, Timothy E. Lloyd-Reilley, John TI Evaluation of herbicides for restoring native grasses in buffelgrass-dominated grasslands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE buffelgrass; Chloris spp.; herbicides; native grasses; Pennisetum ciliare; tebuthiuron ID CENCHRUS-CILIARIS; EXOTIC GRASSES; BRUSH; TEBUTHIURON; VEGETATION; KLEINGRASS; INVASION; HABITAT; WINTER; FIRE AB Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) is an exotic grass that threatens arid and semiarid ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine effectiveness of several herbicides at reducing competition from buffelgrass to enhance establishment of planted native grasses. In Duval County, Texas, plots were delineated in two experiments in a buffelgrass-dominated pasture and mowed on 2 September 2002. On 18 September 2002 and 7 October 2002, a 41% glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) herbicide was applied to all plots. A mixture of three native grasses-green sprangletop (Leptochloa dubia), plains bristlegrass (Setaria leucopila), and four-flower trichloris (Chloris pluriflora)-was planted on 8 October 2002. On 9 October 2002, 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha of a 80% tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethyethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea) herbicide was applied preemergence to the first experiment, and all other herbicides were applied postemergence on 27 July 2003 to the second experiment. Percent canopy cover of vegetation was estimated with a 20 x 50-cm sampling frame during April, June, and October 2003 and August 2004. Postemergent herbicides had no significant effect on canopy cover of buffelgrass or planted species (p >= 0.05). Canopy cover of native grasses did not exceed 8% on any treatment or sampling date, and buffelgrass cover returned to pre-treatment conditions in less than 1 year; however, the 2.24 kg/ha rate of tebuthiuron suppressed (p < 0.05) canopy cover of buffelgrass compared with controls and increased (p < 0.05) native grasses almost 2 years past application. Tebuthiuron may have potential value in reducing buffelgrass canopy cover and increasing cover of native grasses, particularly Chloris spp. C1 [Tjelmeland, Aaron D.; Fulbright, Timothy E.] Texas A&I Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Lloyd-Reilley, John] USDA NRCS, E Kika Garza Plant Mat Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Tjelmeland, AD (reprint author), Texas A&I Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM ksadt05@tomuk.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00269.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304WI UT WOS:000256139400010 ER PT J AU McBride, WD Key, N Mathews, KH AF McBride, William D. Key, Nigel Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr. TI Subtherapeutic antibiotics and productivity in U.S. hog production SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Antimicrobial drugs are fed to hogs at subtherapeutic levels to prevent disease and promote growth. However, there is concern that the presence of antimicrobial drugs in hog feed is a factor promoting the development of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria. This study uses a treatment-effects sample-selection model to examine the impact that feeding antibiotics has on the productivity of U.S. hog operations. No relationship was found between productivity and antibiotics fed during finishing, but productivity was significantly improved when antibiotics were fed to nursery pigs. Restrictions on feeding antimicrobial drugs during the nursery phase would likely impose significant economic costs on U.S. hog producers. C1 [McBride, William D.; Key, Nigel; Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP McBride, WD (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 270 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2008.00404.x PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 304IC UT WOS:000256102200005 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M Moore, DL AF Ollinger, Michael Moore, Danna L. TI The economic forces driving food safety quality in meat and poultry SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID STANDARDS; EXPORTS; DEMAND; KENYA AB This article examines the impact of regulation and market-driven private actions on food safety performance in the meat and poultry industries. We find that private actions account for about 80% and regulation about 20% of the overall reduction in the share of samples of cattle and hog carcasses, ground beef, and broilers testing positive for Salmonella if all regulation and private actions were increased by identical amounts. C1 [Ollinger, Michael] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Moore, Danna L.] Washington State Univ, Social & Econ Sci Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ollinger, M (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 289 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2008.00405.x PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 304IC UT WOS:000256102200006 ER PT J AU El-Osta, HS Mishra, AK Morehart, MJ AF El-Osta, Hisham S. Mishra, Ashok K. Morehart, Mitchell J. TI Off-farm labor participation decisions of married farm couples and the role of government payments SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WORK DECISIONS; DEPENDENT-VARIABLES; STATE DEPENDENCE; PROBIT MODELS; UNITED-STATES; TIME; HOUSEHOLDS; TESTS; EXOGENEITY; ALLOCATION AB The determinants of off-farm work by married farm couples are examined using data from the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey and multinomial logistic regression. Expected government payment is found important in decreasing the likelihood of off-farm work strategies involving work by the husband only or by both husband and wife relative to a strategy of no work by either husband or wife. The marginal impact of government payments on the probability of the wife working off farm alone is found positive suggesting the possibility of nonpecuniary motives for off-farm employment for 21% of farm households in the selected weighted sample. C1 [El-Osta, Hisham S.; Morehart, Mitchell J.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Mishra, Ashok K.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP El-Osta, HS (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 311 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2008.00406.x PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 304IC UT WOS:000256102200007 ER PT J AU Hooks, T Marx, D Kachman, S Pedersen, J Eigenberg, R AF Hooks, Tisha Marx, David Kachman, Stephen Pedersen, Jeffrey Eigenberg, Roger TI Analysis of Covariance with Spatially Correlated Secondary Variables SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE ESTADISTICA LA English DT Article DE Covariance Analysis; Spatial Analysis; Cokriging; Covariate AB Advances in precision agriculture allow researchers to capture data more frequently and in more detail. For example, it, is typical to collect, "on-the-go' data such as soil electrical conductivity readings. This creates the opportunity to use these measurements as covariates for the primary response variable to possibly increase experimental precision. Moreover, these measurements are also spatially referenced to one another, creating the need for methods in which spatial locations play an explicit role in the analysis of the data. Data sets which contain measurements on a spatially referenced response and covariate are analyzed using either cokriging or spatial analysis of covariance. While cokriging accounts for the correlation structure of the covariate, it is purely a predictive tool. Alternatively, spatial analysis of covariance allows for parameter estimation yet, disregards the correlation structure of the covariate. A method is proposed which both accounts for the correlation in and between the response and covariate and allows for the estimation of model parameters; also, this method allows for analysis of covariance when the response and covariate are not, colocated. C1 [Hooks, Tisha] Winona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Marx, David; Kachman, Stephen] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey; Eigenberg, Roger] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS Res, Lincoln, NE USA. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Hooks, T (reprint author), Winona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Winona, MN 55987 USA. EM THooks@winona.edu; DMarx1@unl.edu; SKachman1@unl.edu; JPedersen1@unl.edu; REigenberg2@unl.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NAC COLOMBIA, DEPT ESTADISTICA PI BOGOTA DC PA FAC CIENCIAS, CARRETA 30 NO 45-03, BOGOTA DC, 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-1751 J9 REV COLOMB ESTAD JI Rev. Colomb. Estad. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 95 EP 109 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 441QL UT WOS:000265784000006 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Gould, WA Gonzalez, OMR Robles, AM Maldonado, PC Perez-Buitrago, N Caban, JJF AF Martinuzzi, Sebastian Gould, William A. Gonzalez, Olga M. Ramos Robles, Alma Martinez Maldonado, Paulina Calle Perez-Buitrago, Nestor Caban, Jose J. Fumero TI Mapping tropical dry forest habitats integrating Landsat NDVI, Ikonos imagery, and topographic information in the Caribbean Island of Mona SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE tropical dry forests; Landsat; NDVI; Ikonos; vegetation mapping; topography; Puerto Rico; Caribbean ID RESEARCH PRIORITIES; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; COVER AB Assessing the status of tropical dry forest habitats using remote sensing technologies is one of the research priorities for Neotropical forests. We developed a simple method for mapping vegetation and habitats in a tropical dry forest reserve, Mona Island, Puerto Rico, by integrating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat, topographic information, and high-resolution Ikonos imagery. The method was practical for identifying vegetation types in areas with a great variety of plant communities and complex relief, and can be adapted to other dry forest habitats of the Caribbean Islands. NDVI was useful for identifying the distribution of forests, woodlands, and shrubland, providing a natural representation of the vegetation patterns on the island. The use of Ikonos imagery allowed increasing the number of land cover classes. As a result, sixteen land-cover types were mapped over the 5 500 ha area, with a kappa coefficient of accuracy equal to 79 %. This map is a central piece for modeling vertebrate species distribution and biodiversity patterns by the Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project, and it is of great value for assisting research and management actions in the island. C1 [Martinuzzi, Sebastian] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, GLED, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Olga M. Ramos] US Forest Serv, USDA, IITF, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Martinuzzi, Sebastian] Univ Nacl La Plata, LISEA, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Robles, Alma Martinez; Maldonado, Paulina Calle; Perez-Buitrago, Nestor; Caban, Jose J. Fumero] Univ Puerto Rico, CREST Ctr Trop Appl Ecol & Conservat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, GLED, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM smartinuzzi@vandals.uidaho.edu OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 FU USGS-BRD National Gap Program; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF); IITF GIS; Remote Sensing Laboratory FX This research was funded by the USGS-BRD National Gap Program, administrated by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF), and supported by the IITF GIS and Remote Sensing Laboratory. We are most grateful for review and comments on the manuscript by A.E. Lugo at IITF, L.A. Vierling at the University of Idaho's Geospatial Laboratory for Environmental Dynamics (GLED), and two anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Special thanks to E. J. Melendez-Ackerman, and the Mona Island Project (Crest-Catec). Thanks to Melanie Johnsin at GLED for assisting with the figures. All research at IITF is done in collaboration with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 625 EP 639 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 354DI UT WOS:000259618700018 PM 19256433 ER PT J AU Souchon, Y Sabaton, C Deibel, R Reiser, D Kershner, J Gard, M Katopodis, C Leonard, P Poff, NL Miller, WJ Lamb, BL AF Souchon, Yves Sabaton, Catherine Deibel, Robert Reiser, Dudley Kershner, Jeffrey Gard, Mark Katopodis, Christos Leonard, Paul Poff, N. Leroy Miller, William J. Lamb, Berton Lee TI Detecting biological responses to flow management: Missed opportunities; Future directions SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Regulated Streams CY AUG, 2006 CL Stirling, SCOTLAND DE habitat modelling; hydropower; relicensing; monitoring; environmental flows; biological responses; Phabsim/IFIM; science-based management; long-term datasets ID INSTREAM HABITAT MODELS; ATLANTIC SALMON; STREAM ATTRIBUTES; WATER VELOCITY; FISH; RIVER; RESTORATION; SCIENCE; REGIME; PREDICTIONS AB The conclusions of numerous stream restoration assessments all around the world are extremely clear and convergent: there has been insufficient appropriate monitoring to improve general knowledge and expertise. In the specialized field of instream flow alterations, we consider that there are several opportunities comparable to full-size experiments. Hundreds of water management decisions related to instream flow releases have been made by government agencies, native peoples, and non-governmental organizations around the world. These decisions are based on different methods and assumptions and many flow regimes have been adopted by formal or informal rules and regulations. Although, there have been significant advances in analytical capabilities, there has been very little validation monitoring of actual outcomes or research related to the response of aquatic dependent species to new flow regimes. In order to be able to detect these kinds of responses and to better guide decision, a general design template is proposed. The main steps of this template are described and discussed, in terms of objectives, hypotheses, variables, time scale, data management, and information, in the spirit of adaptive management. The adoption of such a framework is not always easy, due to differing interests of actors for the results, regarding the duration of monitoring, nature of funding and differential timetables between facilities managers and technicians. Nevertheless, implementation of such a framework could help researchers and practitioners to coordinate and federate their efforts to improve the general knowledge of the links between the habitat dynamics and biological aquatic responses. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Souchon, Yves] Cemagref, Quantitat Hydroecol Lab, F-69336 Lyon 09, France. [Sabaton, Catherine] Elect France, Paris, France. [Deibel, Robert] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. [Gard, Mark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Katopodis, Christos] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Leonard, Paul] ENTRIX Environm Consultants, Atlanta, GA USA. [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, William J.] Miller Ecol Consultants Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lamb, Berton Lee] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Souchon, Y (reprint author), Cemagref, Quantitat Hydroecol Lab, CP 220, F-69336 Lyon 09, France. EM yves.souchon@cemagref.fr RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 NR 80 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 506 EP 518 DI 10.1002/rra.1134 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 319MM UT WOS:000257167800003 ER PT J AU Barbieri, C Mahoney, E Butler, L AF Barbieri, Carla Mahoney, Edward Butler, Larry TI Understanding the nature and extent of farm and ranch diversification in North America SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURE; ENTERPRISES; ENGLAND; BUSINESSES; PENNINES; TYPOLOGY; TOURISM; FAMILY AB Pressure to adopt enhanced production technologies, changing government support policies, increasing and more diverse competition, and changing markets have posed economic challenges to North American farmers over the past two decades. As a response, farmers are adjusting their production model by incorporating agricultural related enterprises. Although there is evidence that farm diversification is occurring throughout North America, there is a dearth of scientific information regarding the types of enterprises being developed and used in this context. This study aims to fill this void by exploring the extent of farm diversification by identifying and describing eight types of enterprises that farmers and ranchers are using. It was found that levels of diversification are often dependent on operating and management attributes and owner characteristics, such as, the number of family members working on the farm and the number of days that the farmer's spouse works off the farm. C1 [Barbieri, Carla] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mahoney, Edward] Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resouce Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Butler, Larry] USDA, Texas Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Barbieri, C (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism, 105 Anheuser Busch, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM BarbierC@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI COLUMBIA PA 104 GENTRY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 205 EP 229 DI 10.1526/003601108784514543 PG 25 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 304MB UT WOS:000256112500003 ER PT J AU Kristof, JR Coppersmith, JL Hong, K Liu, PP Homrichhausen, TM Sun, J Martin, RC Nonogaki, H AF Kristof, Jessica R. Coppersmith, Jennifer L. Hong, Kyung Liu, Po-Pu Homrichhausen, Tanja M. Sun, Jing Martin, Ruth C. Nonogaki, Hiroyuki TI An Arabidopsis thaliana embryo arrest mutant exhibiting germination potential SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; cotyledon identity; desiccation tolerance; developmental arrest; embryo ball; embryogenesis; germination; seed maturation ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; GURKE GENE; EMBRYOGENESIS; SEEDS AB The ability to initiate radicle elongation, or germination potential, occurs in developing embryos before the completion of seed maturation. Green embryos after the walking-stick stage in developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds germinate when excised from seeds and incubated in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing 1% sucrose. Germination potential is not observed during early embryogenesis at the globular, heart and torpedo stages. Here, we describe an Arabidopsis mutant with embryos arrested at early stages of development, but still exhibiting germination potential. The mutant, termed embryo ball (eb), produced shrunken seeds containing round or irregularly shaped embryos that did not germinate. The round embryos excised from developing eb seeds were capable of growing a primary root with root hairs when incubated in media. In contrast, cotyledons were absent at the apical region of the eb embryos, although the apical region produced leaf-like structures with trichomes, indicating vegetative leaf identity. These observations suggested that morphological maturation was not essential for the induction of germination potential. The eb embryos exhibited partial desiccation tolerance that is characteristic of mature embryos at later stages of development, suggesting that cell maturation was also independent of morphological maturation. The eb mutant provides novel information on cell and tissue identity in developmental biology, as well as a useful tool to dissect the mechanisms underlying the induction of germination potential in developing seeds. C1 [Kristof, Jessica R.; Liu, Po-Pu; Homrichhausen, Tanja M.; Nonogaki, Hiroyuki] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Coppersmith, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hong, Kyung; Sun, Jing] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Martin, Ruth C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nonogaki, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hiro.nonogaki@oregonstate.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1017/S0960258508974377 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 305CF UT WOS:000256154700001 ER PT J AU Nair, RM Peck, DM Dundas, IS Samac, DA Moore, A Randles, JW AF Nair, Ramakrishnan M. Peck, David M. Dundas, Ian S. Samac, Deborah A. Moore, Adam Randles, John W. TI Morphological characterisation and genetic analysis of a bi-pistil mutant (bip) in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Medicago truncatula; legume; mutant; floral organ; bi-pistil ID ALFALFA MOSAIC-VIRUS; FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER; COAT PROTEIN GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MODEL; MERISTEM; MUTAGENESIS; MUTATIONS; REGULATOR AB A floral organ mutant was observed in transgenic Medicago truncatula Gaertn. plants that had two separate stigmas borne on two separate styles that emerged from a single superior carpel primordium. We propose the name bi-pistil, bip for the mutation. We believe this is the first report of such a mutation in this species. Genetic and molecular analyses of the mutant were conducted. The mutant plant was crossed to a mtapetala plant with a wild-type pistil. Expression of the mutant trait in the F(1) and F(2) generations indicates that the bi-pistil trait is under the control of a single recessive gene. Other modifying genes may influence its expression. The mutation was associated with the presence of a T-DNA insert consisting of the Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat protein gene in antisense orientation and the nptII selectable marker gene. It is suggested that the mutation is due to gene disruption because multiple copies of the T-DNA were observed in the mutant. The bi-pistil gene was found to be independent of the male-sterile gene, tap. This novel mutant may assist in understanding pistil development in legumes. C1 [Dundas, Ian S.; Moore, Adam; Randles, John W.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Nair, Ramakrishnan M.; Peck, David M.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Samac, Deborah A.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dundas, IS (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Waite Campus,PMP 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM ian.dundas@adelaide.edu.au NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s00497-008-0073-0 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 304AP UT WOS:000256082700005 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Drenovsky, RE Lambert, JJ Kluepfel, DA Scow, KM Smart, DR AF Steenwerth, K. L. Drenovsky, R. E. Lambert, J. -J. Kluepfel, D. A. Scow, K. M. Smart, D. R. TI Soil morphology, depth and grapevine root frequency influence microbial communities in a Pinot noir vineyard SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE vineyard; grapevine; soil resources; carbon availability; microbial community; roots; PLFA; fungi ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; TILLAGE AGROECOSYSTEMS; SUBSURFACE BACTERIA; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CONIFEROUS FOREST; CARBON; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; STORAGE; BIOMASS AB The composition of microbial communities responds to soil resource availability, and has been shown to vary with increasing depth in the soil profile. Soil microorganisms partly rely on root-derived carbon (C) for growth and activity. Roots in woody perennial systems like vineyards have a deeper vertical distribution than grasslands and annual agriculture. Thus, we hypothesized that vineyard soil microbial communities along a vertical soil profile would differ from those observed in grassland and annual agricultural systems. In a Pinot noir vineyard, soil pits were excavated to ca. 1.6-2.5 m, and microbial community composition in 'bulk' (i.e., no roots) and 'root' (i.e., roots present) soil was described by phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA). Utilization of soil taxonomy aided in understanding relationships between soil microbial communities, soil resources and other physical and chemical characteristics. Soil microbial communities in the Ap horizon were similar to each other, but greater variation in microbial communities was observed among the lower horizons. Soil resources (i.e., total PLFA, or labile C, soil C and nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium) were enriched in the surface horizons and significantly explained the distribution of soil microbial communities with depth. Soil chemical properties represented the secondary gradient explaining the differentiation between microbial communities in the 13-horizons from the C-horizons. Relative abundance of Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes did not vary with depth, but were enriched in 'root' vs. 'bulk' soils. Fungal biomarkers increased with increasing depth in 'root' soils, differing from previous studies in grasslands and annual agricultural systems. This was dependent on the deep distribution of roots in the vineyard soil profile, suggesting that the distinct pattern in PLFA biomarkers may have been strongly affected by C derived from the grapevine roots. Gram-negative bacteria did not increase in concert with fungal abundance, suggesting that acidic pHs in lower soil horizons may have discouraged their growth. These results emphasize the importance of considering soil morphology and associated soil characteristics when investigating effects of depth and roots on soil microorganisms, and suggest that vineyard management practices and deep grapevine root distribution combine to cultivate a unique microbial community in these soil profiles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Steenwerth, K. L.; Lambert, J. -J.; Kluepfel, D. A.; Smart, D. R.] UC Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Drenovsky, R. E.; Scow, K. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), UC Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, 1023 Wickson Hall,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1330 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.031 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315OH UT WOS:000256888800007 ER PT J AU Larkin, RP AF Larkin, Robert P. TI Relative effects of biological amendments and crop rotations on soil microbial communities and soilborne diseases of potato SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE biological amendments; crop rotation; soil microbial communities; potato; soilborne disease; compost tea; FAME ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; PLANT-PATHOGENS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; COMPOST TEA; BIOCONTROL; SYSTEMS; RHIZOSPHERE AB Various biological amendments, including commercial biocontrol agents, microbial inoculants, mycorrhizae, and an aerobic compost tea (ACT), were evaluated, alone and in conjunction with different crop rotations, for their efficacy in introducing beneficial microorganisms, affecting soil microbial community characteristics (SMCC), and reducing soilborne diseases of potato in greenhouse and field trials in Maine. Most amendments successfully delivered microorganisms into the soil, altering microbial populations and activity in accordance with the particular organisms added, and significantly altering SMCC (as determined by FAME analysis) to various degrees from 2 to 24 weeks. Amendment effects were greatest early on (2 weeks after amendment), but effects associated with crop treatment became more dominant at subsequent assessments (10 and 24 weeks after amendment). In field trials, effects on microbial characteristics, soilborne diseases and tuber yield were variable, with some microbial inoculants and a biostimulant producing no significant effects, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizae, reduced stem canker and black scurf by 17-28%. When used in three different 2 yr crop rotations (barley/ryegrass, barley/clover, and potato, all followed by potato), biological amendments reduced soilborne disease and improved yield in some rotations, but not others. Soil-applied ACT and the combination of ACT with a mixture of beneficial microorganisms (Mix) reduced stem canker, black scurf, and common scab on tubers by 18-33% and increased yield 20-23% in the barley/ryegrass rotation, but not in the other rotations. Mix also reduced disease (20-32%) in the barley/clover rotation only. None of the amendments significantly reduced disease in continuous potato plots. Both crop rotation and amendment treatments significantly affected SMCC, but rotation effects were more dominant. These results indicate that certain rotations were better able to support the added beneficial organisms from amendments and enable more effective biological control, and also that favorable crop rotations may be more effective than amendments in manipulating or altering SMCC. Establishment and persistence of amendment effects may depend on many factors, but an effective and supportive crop rotation is apparently important. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Maine, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, USDA ARS, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), Univ Maine, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, USDA ARS, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM bob.larkin@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 11 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1351 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.005 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315OH UT WOS:000256888800008 ER PT J AU Norton, U Mosier, AR Morgan, JA Derner, JD Ingram, LJ Stahl, PD AF Norton, U. Mosier, A. R. Morgan, J. A. Derner, J. D. Ingram, L. J. Stahl, P. D. TI Moisture pulses, trace gas emissions and soil C and N in cheatgrass and native grass-dominated sagebrush-steppe in Wyoming, USA SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE Artemisia tridentata; Bromus tectorum; carbon dioxide (CO2); global change; microbial biomass; dissolved organic carbon (DOC); nitrous oxide (N2O); Pascopyrum smithii; sagebrush-steppe; trace gas; Wyoming big sagebrush ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; DRY SOIL; ARID GRASSLAND; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS-C; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; CARBON; BACTERIA AB Effects of large-scale weed invasion on the nature and magnitude of moisture-pulse-driven soil processes in semiarid ecosystems are not clearly understood. The objective of this study was to monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and changes in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) following the application of a water pulse in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) communities dominated by the exotic annual grass cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and by the native perennial grass western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii). Sampling locations were established in shrub interspaces dominated by B. tectorum and P. smithi and beneath shrub canopies adjacent to interspaces dominated by B. tectorum and P. smithi, where no grass was present. Soils were classified as fine-loamy, mixed, Borollic Haplargids. Soil samples (0-10cm) and air samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, 24, 49, 72, and 216h following additions of 25.4 mm of water. Soil samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), extractable ammonia (NH4+), extractable nitrate (NO3-), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Grass species induced differences in soil nitrification, N2O and CO2 emissions, and the quantity and timing of labile C available to microbial populations responding to increased moisture availability. In the first 8-h phase after wetting P. smithii soils had the greatest CO2 emissions compared to other soils but B. tectorum soils had the greatest N2O emissions and the greatest increases in CO2 emissions relative to before wetting. Microbial biomass C in B. tectorum interspace soils increased rapidly but the response was short-lived despite sufficient water availability. After the first 8 h of soil response to wetting, the observed MBC declines in B. tectorum interspace coincided with disproportional DOC and DON concentration increases. Similar DOC and DON increases were also observed in B. tectorum soils beneath shrub canopy. In contrast, DOC and DON concentrations in P. smithii soils remained unaffected by soil wetting and small MBC increases observed during the first 8-h phase did not decline as rapidly as in B. tectorum interspace soils. In conclusion, summer drying-wetting cycles that occur frequently in areas invaded by B. tectorum can accelerate rates of nitrification and C mineralization, and contribute significantly to trace gas emissions from sagebrush-steppe grasslands. With frequent summer rainfall events, the negative consequences B. tectorun presence in the ecosystem can be significant. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Norton, U.; Derner, J. D.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Mosier, A. R.] Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Morgan, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ingram, L. J.; Stahl, P. D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Norton, U (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM unorton@uwyo.edu RI Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013 OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1431 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.021 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315OH UT WOS:000256888800016 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD AF Logsdon, Sally D. TI Activation energies and temperature effects from electrical spectra of soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dielectric; electrical conductivity; temperature; activation energy; charge transfer ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; WATER; CALIBRATION; PERMITTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; FREQUENCY; MONTMORILLONITES; ACCURACY; ROTATION AB Apparent permittivity often has soil-specific temperature responses and soil water responses. These variations affect dielectric sensors, often requiring site-specific calibrations. Variations of permittivity as a function of frequency and temperature can be used to calculate activation energies. The purpose of this study was to examine permittivity-temperature responses for six soils and variation in calculated activation energies. Each of the six soils was packed into a truncated coaxial cell and the permittivity spectra were determined for a range of water contents and temperatures. Activations energies caused by charge transfer or rotation were then calculated. The rotational activation energy was not correlated with temperature, did not vary across frequencies, and was not significantly affected by soil differences. Charge transfer activation energy was significantly less for Cecil (kaolinite and quartz-dominant mineralogy) than for Weld or Okoboji (smectites-dominant mineralogy). There were significant positive temperature correlations for the direct current electrical conductivity and for the real permittivity at low frequencies, but not at higher frequencies. Delineation of these temperature and activation energy responses is necessary for describing how various soils respond to electromagnetic measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sally.logsdon@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1097/SS.06013e316178e755 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100001 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Suarez, DL Shouse, PJ AF Goldberg, Sabine Suarez, Donald L. Shouse, Peter J. TI Influence of soil solution salinity on boron adsorption by soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE constant capacitance model; electrical conductivity; surface complexation model ID CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; MONTMORILLONITE; SAMPLES; ILLITE AB Boron (B) adsorption on two arid-zone soils from the San Joaquin Valley of California was investigated as a function of equilibrium solution B concentration (0-250 mg L(-1)), solution pH (3-12), and electrical conductivity (EC, 0.3 or 7.8 dS m(-1)). Boron adsorption on both soils increased with increasing pH, reached a maximum near pH 9, and decreased with further increases in pH. Boron adsorption as a function of solution pH was independent of solution salinity from pH 3 to 9. Above pH 9, B adsorption was increased from the solution of higher EC. Boron adsorption for both soils as a function of solution B concentration conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The B adsorption maxima obtained with the Langmuir equation for both EC were not statistically significantly different at the 95% level of confidence. The constant capacitance model, a surface complexation model, was able to describe B adsorption as a function of solution B concentration and solution pH. Boron adsorption was predicted using the soil chemical properties surface area, organic carbon content, inorganic carbon content, and aluminum oxide content. The predictions are suitable for transport modeling and will be used to describe B movement in large soil columns. Our results are advantageous because they indicate that under agricultural conditions (pH 3-9), B adsorption can be described without consideration of changes in soil solution salinity. C1 [Goldberg, Sabine; Suarez, Donald L.; Shouse, Peter J.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Sabine.Goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1097/SS.06013e3181773aOe PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100002 ER PT J AU Palazzo, AJ Clapp, CE Senesi, N Hayes, MHB Cary, TJ Mao, JD Bashore, TL AF Palazzo, Antonio J. Clapp, C. Edward Senesi, Nicola Hayes, Mickael H. B. Cary, Timotky J. Mao, Jing-Dong Bashore, Terry L. TI Isolation and characterization of humic acids in idaho slickspot soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humic acids; slickspot peppergrass; Fourier transform infrared; fluorescence; total luminescence; nuclear magnetic resonance ID ORGANIC-MATTER; LAND-USE; ENGLAND AB Naturally occurring humic substances in soils hold promise as a factor related to restoring native plants. We have characterized the humic acids (HA) from inside and outside slickspots of two sites in the juniper Butte Range soils on the Snake River Plain in Southwest Idaho. These HA may promote the establishment of native slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) seedlings. The HA were extracted from the silt, vesicular, and clay layers using a modified International Humic Substances Society method, and isolated by membrane filtration, precipitation, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Elemental analyses showed minor differences between HA; the inside surface silt samples had higher C and N values than the outside or the deeper samples. Differences were also noted between sample sites and between the samples for carbohydrates, amino acids, and acidity functionalities. Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence, and especially cross-polarization magic angle spinning C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, provided compositional information and highlighted differences between the samples. C1 [Palazzo, Antonio J.; Cary, Timotky J.] USACOE, Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dip Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambientale, I-70121 Bari, Italy. [Hayes, Mickael H. B.] Univ Limerick, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Limerick, Ireland. [Mao, Jing-Dong] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Bashore, Terry L.] HO Air Combat Command, Airspace Ranges & Air Field Operat Div, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Palazzo, AJ (reprint author), USACOE, Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Antonio.J.Palazzo@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Hayes, Michael/C-3463-2011 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1097/SS.01b013e318178e6c5 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100003 ER PT J AU Glass, DW Johnson, DW Blank, RR Miller, WW AF Glass, Dallas W. Johnson, Dale W. Blank, Roert R. Miller, Watkins W. TI Factors affecting mineral nitrogen transformations by soil heating: A laboratory-simulated fire study SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire; soils; ammonium; nitrate; carbon ID FOREST; CALIFORNIA; CYCLE; PINE AB Two forest soils from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California were brought into the laboratory and subjected to simulated burning in a muffle furnace at several durations, oven temperatures, and water contents. Soils were analyzed for NO3-, NH4+, total N, total C, and C:N responses to the treatments. Ammonium, which was the dominant form of inorganic N, generally increased with greater burn temperatures and durations (interpreted as higher fire severity), but decreased at the highest severity in dry soils. Increasing initial water content (IWC) diminished these responses in one soil but not in the other. Nitrate responses varied between soils, but generally increased with increasing IWC. Little or no change was seen in total N, total C, and C:N ratio except at highest severity, where C and N decreased regardless of initial moisture content. Soil temperatures measured immediately after burning increased with greater applied furnace temperatures and durations to near 100 degrees C, leveled off for periods depending on IWC, and then increased to 300 degrees C to 400 degrees C at higher temperatures and durations. This experiment shows that low-severity fire can cause very large and highly variable changes in NO3- and NH4+, with little or no change in total C or N. High-severity fire has varying effects on NO3- and NH4+, depending on IWC and soil type, but generally causes losses of total C and N. C1 [Blank, Roert R.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Glass, Dallas W.; Johnson, Dale W.; Miller, Watkins W.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1097/SS.06013e31817e6dd PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100004 ER PT J AU Novak, V van Genuchten, MT AF Novak, Viliam van Genuchten, Martinus Th TI Using the transpiration regime to estimate biomass production SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil water regime; transpiration; biomass production; yield; HYDRUS-ET ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MAIZE YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB The design and implementation of a new or improved irrigation or drainage system should be preceded by a study of the soil water regime (SWR) to define the need for such a system and to optimize its design. This requires estimates of appropriate parameters characterizing the long-term (multiyear) dynamics of the SWR and its relation to biomass production. Parameters that could be used for this purpose are the water content or pressure head at one or several points in the soil root zone or the average water content of the root zone, as affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration or other variables. Because these variables change from year to year, it is necessary to characterize somehow statistically the SWR during a relatively long period. Because the water content is not easily related directly to biomass production, we used the calculated seasonal transpiration rate as an indirect characteristic of the canopy water regime. This article presents a method for estimating plant production as a function of the seasonal transpiration rate as calculated retrospectively with the HYDRUS-ET software package. New in our approach is the use of an empirical relationship between seasonal transpiration and yield. The cumulative frequency distribution of seasonal transpiration was chosen as the basic characteristic of the SWR as a source of water for plants. The approach allows one to estimate cumulative frequency curves of actual and potential yields. The difference between these two curves is the cumulative frequency distribution of yield to be optimized by the irrigation system. The method permits a better cost-benefit analysis by comparing expected yield increases with the investment and operational expenses of the newly designed irrigation system, or of newly invoked water management practices. The approach is illustrated using a 31-year time series of data for a corn crop (Zea mays L.) grown on loess soil in Slovakia. C1 [Novak, Viliam] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Hydrol, Bratislava 83102 3, Slovakia. [van Genuchten, Martinus Th] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Novak, V (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Hydrol, Radanska 75, Bratislava 83102 3, Slovakia. EM novak@uh.savba.sk RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1097/SS.06013e318178e739 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100005 ER PT J AU Guimaraes, MF Fonseca, ICB Brossard, M Portella, CMR Brito, OR Ritchie, JC AF Guimaraes, M. Fatima Fonseca, Ines C. B. Brossard, Mickel Portella, Cibele M. R. Brito, Osmar R. Ritchie, Jerry C. TI Monitoring changes in the chemical properties of an oxisol under long-term no-tillage management in subtropical Brazil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE no-tillage; soil management; chemical properties; soil organic carbon; clay soils; oxisol ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; CONTINUOUS CORN; SOIL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-CARBON; STORAGE; FERTILIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; CERRADOS; ACRISOL AB In tropical areas, soil chemical properties are most often studied in relationship to the type of tillage system. This article presents data of the long-term effects of no-tillage (NT) management systems on the soil chemical properties of an oxisol in subtropical Brazil. The study area was on a commercial farm where NT systems had been adopted in 1978. Soil samples were collected annually from 1983 to 1994 after winter crop harvest in 16 fields and at depths of 0.0 to 0.1 m and 0.1 to 0.2 m. Organic C, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium, extractable phosphate, and pH were measured. Soils were grouped by a multivariate statistical agglomerative hierarchical method into five classes (I-V) based on statistical similarity to assess annual changes in soil chemical properties. This study shows that it is possible to maintain good soil chemical properties under operational NT systems in these subtropical conditions. This study also demonstrated the importance of sequence of crops for maintaining acceptable levels of soil organic matter and good soil chemical properties. C1 [Guimaraes, M. Fatima; Fonseca, Ines C. B.; Portella, Cibele M. R.; Brito, Osmar R.] Univ Estadual Londrina, CCA, Dept Agron, BR-86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. [Brossard, Mickel] US VALPEDO, IRD, Montpellier, France. [Ritchie, Jerry C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guimaraes, MF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Londrina, CCA, Dept Agron, CP 6001, BR-86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. EM mfatima@uel.br NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1097/SS.06013e31817739Po PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100006 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC Gesch, RW Wagner, SW Gilbert, RA Wente, CD Morris, DR AF Reicosky, D. C. Gesch, R. W. Wagner, S. W. Gilbert, R. A. Wente, C. D. Morris, D. R. TI Tillage and wind effects on soil CO2 concentrations in muck soils SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE organic soils; soil subsidence; carbon dioxide fluxes; soil carbon; aerodynamic pressure effects; soil air porosity ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX; AIR TURBULENCE; PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS; WATER-VAPOR; CHAMBER; FIELD; SURFACE; METABOLISM; ATMOSPHERE; HISTOSOLS AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from agricultural activities prompted the need to quantify greenhouse gas emissions to better understand carbon (C) cycling and its role in environmental quality. The specific objective of this work was to determine the effect of no-tillage, deep plowing and wind speeds on the Soil CO2 concentration in muck (organic) soils of the Florida Everglades. Miniature infrared gas analyzers were installed at 30 cm and recorded every 15 min in muck soil plowed with the Harrell Switch Plow (HSP) to 41 cm and in soil Not Tilled (NT), i.e., not plowed in last 9 months. The Soil CO2 concentration exhibited temporal dynamics independent of barometric pressure fluctuations. Loosening the soil resulted in a very rapid decline in CO2 concentration as a result of "wind-induced" gas exchange from the soil surface. Higher wind speeds during mid-day resulted in a more rapid loss of CO2 from the HSP than from the NT plots. The subtle trend in the NT plots was similar, but lower in magnitude. Tillage-induced change in soil air porosity enabled wind speed to affect the gas exchange and soil CO2 concentration at 30 cm, literally drawing the CO2 out of the soil resulting in a rapid decline in the CO2 concentration, indicating more rapid soil carbon loss with tillage. At the end of the study, CO2 concentrations in the NT plots averaged about 3.3% while that in the plowed plots was about 1.4%. Wind and associated aerodynamic pressure fluctuations affect gas exchange from soils, especially tilled muck soils with low bulk densities and high soil air porosity following tillage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reicosky, D. C.; Gesch, R. W.; Wagner, S. W.; Wente, C. D.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Gilbert, R. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Morris, D. R.] USDA ARS SAA, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Don.reicosky@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.still.2008.02.006 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 317RR UT WOS:000257037800010 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Tomer, MD Neppel, J Cambardella, CA AF Karlen, Douglas L. Tomer, Mark D. Neppel, Jerry Cambardella, Cynthia A. TI A preliminary watershed scale soil quality assessment in north central Iowa, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conservation effects assessment project (CEAP); soil conditioning index (SCI); soil management assessment framework (SMAF) soil health; soil fertility; soil quality ID VARIABILITY AB Soil quality assessment has been recognized as an important step toward understanding the long-term effects of conservation practices within agricultural watersheds. Our objective was to assess soil quality within the South Fork watershed of the Iowa River using various indicators and assessment approaches. Soil samples were collected during 2003 and 2004 from 29 areas of 32 ha (80 acres) each along two transects traversing the watershed. Soil pH, Mehlich III extractable P, K, Ca and Mg, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total N (TN) were measured. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to compute a soil quality index (SQI), while soil loss, the soil tillage intensity rating (STIR), N-leaching potential, and soil conditioning index (SCI) were determined for each sampling area using the 2003 version of the Revised Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE2). Overall, there were no soil fertility limitations within the watershed based on an average pH of 6.96 and extractable P and K levels of 36 and 162 mg kg(-1), respectively. Soil loss,STIR, N-leaching,and SCI averaged 1.13 Mg ha(-1), 68,3, and 0.4, respectively. The SMAY analysis indicated soils within the watershed were functioning at 87% of their full potential. The lowest indicator score was associated with TOC (0.60) because the average value was only 28.4 g kg(-1). The SCI and SQI indices were positively correlated although since it used measured data, the SMAF appears to provide more information about the effects of management practices within the watershed. Soils in upper landscape positions had lower TOC and C:N ratios indicating an increased risks for both erosion and for nitrate leaching. Management of soils on hilltops may be the most effective way to minimize N and P losses within the watershed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.; Tomer, Mark D.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Neppel, Jerry] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Doug.Karlen@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.still.2008.03.002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 317RR UT WOS:000257037800017 ER PT J AU Wilson, GV McGregor, KC Boykin, D AF Wilson, G. V. McGregor, K. C. Boykin, D. TI Residue impacts on runoff and soil erosion for different corn plant populations SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE runoff; soil loss; residue; incorporation; erosion ID CROP RESIDUE; COVER; TILLAGE; LOSSES AB The year to year carry-over effects of biomass additions under different plant populations on runoff and erosion are unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of different plant populations on residue cover to elucidate the effects of residue cover on runoff and erosion. The residue management system involved shredding of corn (maize) biomass after harvest, incorporating the residue in the spring, and leaving the land fallow until it was no-till planted the following spring. Runoff and soil losses were measured on 18 runoff plots with plots arranged in two areas with each having three randomized treatments (0%, 50%, and 100% plant population) with three replications. The two areas were managed as a fallow/no-till corn rotation in two cycles of alternating years. Surface residue cover was highly dynamic with significant changes between cycles and seasons in response to the management practices. The annual soil losses were reduced by 47% and 54% for the 50% and 100% plant populations, respectively compared to the control. However, the annual soil loss even for the 100% plant population was still nearly seven times the tolerable soil loss limit of 7 ton ha(-1).The normal erosion protection afforded by no-till practices was lost by the incorporation of residue the previous year. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Boykin, D.] USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wilson, GV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Glenn.Wilson@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.still.2008.04.001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 317RR UT WOS:000257037800018 ER PT J AU Coleman, RJ Hereward, JP De Barro, PJ Frohlich, DR Adamczyk, JJ Goolsby, JA AF Coleman, R. J. Hereward, J. P. De Barro, P. J. Frohlich, D. R. Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Goolsby, J. A. TI Molecular comparison of Creontiades plant bugs from south Texas and Australia SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Research was conducted to evaluate the possibility that a plant bug damaging cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in south Texas is actually green mirid, Creontiades dilutus Stal, which is the primary plant bug pest of cotton in Australia. Molecular comparisons targeting a fragment of the CO1 region of mitochondrial DNA were made on Creontiades specimens collected from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and specimens of green mirid and brown mirid, C. pacificus Stal, collected from Queensland, Australia. The emerging south Texas cotton pest is neither of the species tested from Australia; rather it is a closely related, possibly indigenous species. Further morphological systematics work is needed to identify the Creontiades species from Texas, and collection of additional specimens from several locations where it is known to occur is ongoing. C1 [Coleman, R. J.; Adamczyk, J. J., Jr.; Goolsby, J. A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Hereward, J. P.; De Barro, P. J.] CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Hereward, J. P.; De Barro, P. J.] CRC Cotton Catchment Communities, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Frohlich, D. R.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. RP Coleman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008; Hereward, James/K-8720-2012 OI Hereward, James/0000-0002-6468-6342 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.2.111 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 332PV UT WOS:000258096500002 ER PT J AU Lopez, JD Latheef, YLMA Hoffmann, WC Fritz, BK Martin, DE AF Lopez, Juan D. Latheef, Yubin Lan M. A. Hoffmann, Wesley C. Fritz, Brad K. Martin, Daniel E. TI Laboratory evaluation of novaluron for toxicity to nymphal instars of field-collected southern green stink bug on cotton SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLE-OIL; WATER SPRAYS; DROPLET SIZE; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; BUDWORM; YIELD AB The efficacy of novaluron (Diamond(TM) 0.83 EC) on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., against nymphs of different instars of field-collected southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), was investigated in a spray chamber using two nozzles, 650033 and 8002E. The nozzles delivered rates of 18.7 and 46.7 L/ha, respectively, of total water-based spray. Novaluron was applied at 0.0218, 0.0436 and 0.0654 kg active ingredient (AI) rates per ha. The 8002E nozzle produced significantly larger droplets, increased droplet density and increased spray coverage compared to the 650033 nozzle. Regardless of dosage and spray rate, the age of nymphal instars significantly influenced mortality. Mortality of small nymphs (2(nd) instars) was significantly greater than that of either 3(rd)- or 4(th)-instar nymphs. When novaluron was applied at 0.0654 and 0.0872 kg Al per ha with or without crop oil concentrate, the deposit from the 8002E nozzle significantly increased mortality of 3(rd)-instar nymphs; however, neither dosage nor addition of crop oil concentrate increased Mortality of 3(rd)-instar nymphs. Novaluron did not cause a great amount of mortality of 4(th)-instar nymphs. This study suggests that application of novaluron should be directed at 2(nd)-instar nymphs to maximize efficacy for control of southern green stink bug on cotton and that applications that produce deposits with increased droplet size and density on plants might increase efficacy. C1 [Lopez, Juan D.; Latheef, Yubin Lan M. A.; Hoffmann, Wesley C.; Fritz, Brad K.; Martin, Daniel E.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lopez, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.2.119 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 332PV UT WOS:000258096500003 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Sappington, TW Rummel, DR AF Spurgeon, D. W. Sappington, T. W. Rummel, D. R. TI Host-free survival of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) from two regions of Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Spurgeon, D. W.; Sappington, T. W.; Rummel, D. R.] USDA ARS, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, WICSRU, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.2.151 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 332PV UT WOS:000258096500006 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Perumal, R AF Prom, Louis K. Perumal, Ramasamy TI Leaf-footed bug, Leptoglossus phyllopus (Hemiptera : Coreidae), as a potential vector of sorghum fungal pathogens SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CLAVICEPS-AFRICANA SPORES; CORN-EARWORM MOTHS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; GRAIN MOLDS; HEAD-BUGS; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; ERGOT; WEST C1 [Prom, Louis K.; Perumal, Ramasamy] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.2.161 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 332PV UT WOS:000258096500009 ER PT J AU Rojas-Barros, P Hu, JG Jan, CC AF Rojas-Barros, Pilar Hu, Jinguo Jan, C. C. TI Molecular mapping of an apical branching gene of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE MAP; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MALE-STERILITY; INBRED LINES; PLANT; MARKERS; RFLP AB Commercial hybrids of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are obtained by crossing a cytoplasmic male sterile line (A-line) with a restorer pollinator (R-line). The incorporation of a recessive branching trait to extend the pollination period of R-lines during hybrid seed production is laborious and time-consuming. By using target region polymorphism (TRAP) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA), we identified 15 TRAP markers linked to the b(1) (branching) locus in a population of 229 F(2) plants derived from a cross between nonbranched (HA 234) and branched (RHA 271) lines. TBr4-720 and TBr8-555 markers were linked to the b(1) gene in the coupling phase at 0.5 cM (0.004 recombination frequency). The Tbr20-297 and Tbr20-494 markers flanked the b(1) locus in the repulsion phase at genetic distances of 7.5 and 2.5 cM, respectively. Tbr19-395, also in the repulsion phase, mapped at 3.8 cM from the b(1) locus and on the opposite side of the marker Tbr20-297. The 8A1 and 15B3 restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) markers of linkage group (LG) 16 of the RHA 271 x HA 234 cultivated sunflower map anchored the b(1) LG onto the RFLP map. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers tightly linked to the recessive b(1) gene have been developed. Their identification and the incorporation of the LG containing the b(1) locus onto an RFLP map will be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs and provide the bases for map-based cloning of this gene. C1 [Hu, Jinguo; Jan, C. C.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Rojas-Barros, Pilar] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaochien.jan@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 117 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0748-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 306PS UT WOS:000256260900003 PM 18389209 ER PT J AU Cai, SB Bai, GH Zhang, DD AF Cai, Shibin Bai, Gui-Hua Zhang, Dadong TI Quantitative trait loci for aluminum resistance in Chinese wheat landrace FSW SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BREAD WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CULTIVAR ATLAS-66; TOLERANCE GENE; ALMT1 GENE; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; MAP; IDENTIFICATION AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint for wheat production in acid soils worldwide. Chinese landrace FSW demonstrates a high level of Al resistance. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between FSW and an Al-sensitive Chinese line, ND35, using single seed descent, to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Al resistance. Wheat reaction to Al stress was measured by net root growth (NRG) in a nutrient solution culture containing Al(3+) and hematoxylin staining score (HSS) of root after Al stress. After 1,437 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were screened using bulk segregant analysis, three QTLs were identified to control Al resistance in FSW. One major QTL (Qalt.pser-4DL) was mapped on chromosome 4DL that co-segregated with Xups4, a marker for the promoter of the Al-activated malate transporter (ALMT1) gene. The other two QTLs (Qalt.pser-3BL, Qalt.pser-2A) were located on chromosomes 3BL and 2A, respectively. Together, the three QTLs accounted for up to 81.9% of the phenotypic variation for HSS and 78.3% of the variation for NRG. The physical positions of flanking markers for Qalt.pser-4DL and Qalt.pser-3BL were determined by analyzing these markers in corresponding nulli-tetrasomic, ditelosomic, and 3BL deletion lines of Chinese Spring. Qalt.pser-3BL is a novel QTL with a major effect on Al resistance discovered in this study. The two major QTLs on 4DL and 3BL demonstrated an additive effect. The SSR markers closely linked to the QTLs have potential to be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve Al resistance of wheat cultivars in breeding programs. C1 [Bai, Gui-Hua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cai, Shibin; Bai, Gui-Hua; Zhang, Dadong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cai, Shibin; Zhang, Dadong] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 117 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0751-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 306PS UT WOS:000256260900006 PM 18379752 ER PT J AU Wu, YQ Huang, YH AF Wu, Yanqi Huang, Yinghua TI Molecular mapping of QTLs for resistance to the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in Sorghum bicolor (Moench) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; L. MOENCH; BIOTYPE-I; LINKAGE-MAP; APHIDIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; HOMOPTERA; MARKERS; ACCESSIONS AB Sorghum is a worldwide important cereal crop and widely cultivated for grain and forage production. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) is one of the major insect pests of sorghum and can cause serious damage to sorghum plants, particularly in the US Great Plains. Identification of chromosomal regions responsible for greenbug resistance will facilitate both map-based cloning and marker-assisted breeding. Thus, a mapping experiment was conducted to dissect sorghum genetic resistance to greenbug biotype I into genomic regions. Two hundred and seventy-seven (277) F(2) progeny and their F(2:3) families from a cross between Westland A line (susceptible parent) and PI550610 (resistant parent) combined with 118 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to map the greenbug resistance QTLs. Composite interval mapping (CIM) and multiple interval mapping (MIM) revealed two QTLs on sorghum chromosome nine (SBI-09) consistently conditioned the resistance of host plant to the greenbug. The two QTLs were designated as QSsgr-09-01 (major QTL) and QSsgr-09-02 (minor QTL), accounting for approximately 55-80%, and 1-6% of the phenotypic variation for the resistance to greenbug feeding, respectively. These resistance QTLs appeared to have additive and partially dominant effects. The markers Xtxp358, Xtxp289, Xtxp67 and Xtxp230 closely flanked the respective QTLs, and can be used in high-throughput marker-assisted selections (MAS) for breeding new resistant parents and producing commercial hybrids. C1 [Wu, Yanqi; Huang, Yinghua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 117 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0757-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 306PS UT WOS:000256260900012 PM 18414829 ER PT J AU Capote, N Perez-Panades, J Monzo, C Carbonell, E Urbaneja, A Scorza, R Ravelonandro, M Cambra, M AF Capote, Nieves Perez-Panades, Jordi Monzo, Cesar Carbonell, Emilio Urbaneja, Alberto Scorza, Ralph Ravelonandro, Michel Cambra, Mariano TI Assessment of the diversity and dynamics of Plum pox virus and aphid populations in transgenic European plums under Mediterranean conditions SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transgenic Prunus domestica; Plum pox virus variability; recombination; aphid populations; viruliferous ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SHARKA DISEASE; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; RECOMBINANT VIRUSES; FIELD CONDITIONS; CAUSAL AGENT; MOSAIC-VIRUS; RESISTANCE; PPV AB The molecular variability of Plum pox virus (PPV) populations was compared in transgenic European plums (Prunus domestica L.) carrying the coat protein (CP) gene of PPV and non-transgenic plums in an experimental orchard in Valencia, Spain. A major objective of this study was to detect recombination between PPV CP transgene transcripts and infecting PPV RNA. Additionally, we assessed the number and species of PPV aphid vectors that visited transgenic and non-transgenic plum trees. Test trees consisted of five different P. domestica transgenic lines, i.e. the PPV-resistant C5 'HoneySweet' line and the PPV-susceptible C4, C6, PT6 and PT23 lines, and non-transgenic P. domestica and P. salicina Lind trees. No significant difference in the genetic diversity of PPV populations infecting transgenic and conventional plums was detected, in particular no recombinant between transgene transcripts and incoming viral RNA was found at detectable levels. Also, no significant difference was detected in aphid populations, including viruliferous individuals, that visited transgenic and conventional plums. Our data indicate that PPV-CP transgenic European plums exposed to natural PPV infection over an 8 year period caused limited, if any, risk beyond the cultivation of conventional plums under Mediterranean conditions in terms of the emergence of recombinant PPV and diversity of PPV and aphid populations. C1 [Capote, Nieves; Perez-Panades, Jordi; Monzo, Cesar; Carbonell, Emilio; Urbaneja, Alberto; Cambra, Mariano] IVIA, Moncada 46113, Spain. [Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ravelonandro, Michel] INRA Bordeaux, Unite Mixte Rech Genom Dev Pouvoir Pathogene, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Cambra, M (reprint author), IVIA, Carretera Moncada Naquera Km 5, Moncada 46113, Spain. EM mcambra@ivia.es RI Urbaneja, Alberto/C-9071-2011; Monzo, Cesar/L-7055-2014; Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014; Capote, Nieves/C-5432-2016; OI Urbaneja, Alberto/0000-0001-5986-3685; Monzo, Cesar/0000-0003-3247-7412; Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521; Capote, Nieves/0000-0003-1819-2445; Perez-Panades, Jordi/0000-0003-4439-2117 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9112-0 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 291LJ UT WOS:000255198600005 PM 17605085 ER PT J AU Cazzonelli, CI Velten, J AF Cazzonelli, Christopher Ian Velten, Jeff TI In vivo characterization of plant promoter element interaction using synthetic promoters SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE enhancer; luciferase; promoter element; promoter structure; synthetic promoter; tobacco ID CIS-REGULATORY-ELEMENTS; CAMV 35S-ENHANCER SUBDOMAINS; MANNOPINE SYNTHASE PROMOTER; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; MOSAIC VIRUS-35S PROMOTER; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AB Short directly-repeated (DR) DNA enhancer elements of plant viral origin were analyzed for their ability, both individually and in combination, to influence in vivo transcription when inserted upstream from a minimal CaMV35S promoter. Synthetic promoters containing multiple copies and/or combinations of DR cassettes were tested for their effect upon reporter gene (luciferase) expression using an Agrobacteria-based leaf-infiltration transient assay and within stably transformed plants (Nicotiana tabacum). Transgenic plants harboring constructs containing different numbers or combinations of DR cassettes were further tested to look for tissue-specific expression patterns and potential promoter response to the infiltration process employed during transient expression. Multimerization of DR elements produced enhancer activity that was in general additive, increasing reporter activity in direct proportion to the number of DR cassettes within the test promoter. In contrast, combinations of different DR cassettes often functioned synergistically, producing reporter enhancement markedly greater then the sum of the combined DR activities. Several of the DR constructs responded to Agrobacteria (lacking T-DNA) infiltration of transgenic leaves by an induction (2 elements) or reduction (1 element) in reporter activity. Combinations of DR cassettes producing the strongest enhancement of reporter activity were used to create two synthetic promoters (SynPro3 and SynPro5) that drive leaf reporter activities at levels comparable to the CaMV35S promoter. Characterization of these synthetic promoters in transformed tobacco showed strong reporter expression at all stages of development and in most tissues. The arrangement of DR elements within SynPro3 and SynPro5 appears to play a role in defining tissue-specificity of expression and/or Agrobacteria-infusion responsiveness. C1 [Cazzonelli, Christopher Ian; Velten, Jeff] United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th st, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM christopher.cazzonelli@anu.edu.au; jvelten@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 NR 80 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 437 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9117-8 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 291LJ UT WOS:000255198600011 PM 17653610 ER PT J AU Knebel, L Robison, DJ Wentworth, TR Klepzig, KD AF Knebel, Larissa Robison, Daniel J. Wentworth, Thomas R. Klepzig, Kier D. TI Resin flow responses to fertilization, wounding and fungal inoculation in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in North Carolina SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus frontalis; hypersensitive response; Ophiostoma minus; southern pine beetle ID BEETLE VECTORED FUNGI; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS; INDUCED RESISTANCE; METHYL JASMONATE; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CONIFERS; GROWTH AB Resin flow is the primary means of natural defense against southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), the most important insect pest of Pinus spp. in the southern United States. As a result, factors affecting resin flow are of interest to researchers and forest managers. We examined the influence of fertilization, artificial wounding and fungal inoculation on resin flow in 6- and 12-year-old stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and determined the extent of that influence within and above the wounded stem area and through time. Fertilization increased constitutive resin flow, but only the younger trees sustained increased resin flow after wounding and inoculation treatments. An induced resin flow response occurred between I and 30 days after wounding and inoculation treatments. Wounding with inoculation resulted in greater resin flow than wounding alone, but increasing amounts of inoculum did not increase resin flow. Increased resin flow (relative to controls) lasted for at least 90 days after wounding and inoculation. This increase appeared to be limited to the area of treatment, at least in younger trees. The long-lasting effects of fungal inoculation on resin flow, as well as the response to fertilization, suggest that acquired resistance through induced resin flow aids in decreasing susceptibility of loblolly pine to southern pine beetle. C1 [Knebel, Larissa; Wentworth, Thomas R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Robison, Daniel J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Klepzig, Kier D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Knebel, L (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lknebel@ves.org NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 847 EP 853 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 312ZS UT WOS:000256711500003 PM 18381265 ER PT J AU Halman, JM Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ Eagar, C AF Halman, Joshua M. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. Eagar, Christopher TI Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest increases sugar storage, antioxidant activity and cold tolerance in native red spruce (Picea rubens) SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ascorbate peroxidase; calcium depletion; cations freezing tolerance; New Hampshire; soluble sugars; wollastonite ID MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED CALCIUM; WINTER INJURY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC MIST; SEEDLINGS; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS AB In fall (November 2005) and winter (February 2006), we collected current-year foliage of native red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing in a reference watershed and in a watershed treated in 1999 with wollastonite (CaSiO3, a slow-release calcium source) to simulate preindustrial soil calcium concentrations (Ca-addition watershed) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (Thornton, NH). We analyzed nutrition, soluble sugar concentrations, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and cold tolerance, to evaluate the basis of recent (2003) differences between watersheds in red spruce foliar winter injury. Foliar Ca and total sugar concentrations were significantly higher in trees in the Ca-addition watershed than in trees in the reference watershed during both fall (P = 0.037 and 0.035, respectively) and winter (P = 0.055 and 0.036, respectively). The Ca-addition treatment significantly increased foliar fructose and glucose concentrations in November (P = 0.013 and 0.007, respectively) and foliar sucrose concentrations in winter (P = 0.040). Foliar APX activity was similar in trees in both watersheds during fall (P = 0.28), but higher in trees in the Ca-addition watershed during winter (P = 0.063). Cold tolerance of foliage was significantly greater in trees in the Ca-addition watershed than in trees in the reference watershed (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that low foliar sugar concentrations and APX activity, and reduced cold tolerance in trees in the reference watershed contributed to their high vulnerability to winter injury in 2003. Because the reference watershed reflects forest conditions in the region, the consequences of impaired physiological function caused by soil Ca depletion may have widespread implications for forest health. C1 [Halman, Joshua M.; Hawley, Gary J.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Eagar, Christopher] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Halman, JM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jhalman@uvm.edu NR 73 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 855 EP 862 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 312ZS UT WOS:000256711500004 PM 18381266 ER PT J AU Heidari, M Zhang, HM Sharif, S AF Heidari, Mohammad Zhang, Huanmin M. Sharif, Shayan TI Marek's disease virus induces Th-2 activity during cytolytic infection SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO REPLICATION; CD4(+) T-CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IFN-GAMMA; TH1; HERPESVIRUS; RESISTANCE AB Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens that is caused by a highly cell-associated oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). The role of cytokines and other related proteins in MD pathogenesis and immunity is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the transcriptional profiling of a panel of cytokines and other immune-related genes in the splenic tissues of chickens infected with a highly oncogenic strain of MDV during cytolytic infection and latency. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed significant upregulation in the expression levels of interleukins (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p35, and IL-13, interferons (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma, chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cMGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the infected chickens at 5 d post-inoculation (lytic infection). The changes in the mRNA levels of IL-18 and MHC I were minimal in comparison to those of the control birds. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of IL-2, IL-8, MHC II, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Nr-13 between the two groups. With the exception of IL-10, which showed high transcriptional activity beyond the lytic phase, the expression patterns of all the tested genes were similar between the infected and age-matched control birds at 15 d post-inoculation (latency infection). Of the genes examined, in addition to the high transcriptional activities of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12, iNOS, and type 1 and 2 IFNs, the relative expression levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were significantly upregulated in the infected chickens during the lytic phase of infection compared to uninfected controls (a 9- to 50-fold difference). This observation suggests that (1) an immune response with a Th-2 characteristic is induced by a very virulent plus MDV strain during the lytic phase of infection; and (2) there is no significant MDV-specific immune response in the latent phase of infection. C1 [Heidari, Mohammad; Zhang, Huanmin M.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Sharif, Shayan] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Heidari, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM mohammad.heidari@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1089/vim.2007.0078 PG 11 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 324CG UT WOS:000257494700011 PM 18433333 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ Rue, CA AF Spatz, Stephen J. Rue, Cary A. TI Sequence determination of a mildly virulent strain (CU-2) of Gallid herpesvirus type 2 using 454 pyrosequencing SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; gallid herpesvirus type 2; mildly virulent; CU-2; genome; sequence ID MAREKS-DISEASE-VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; CELL-LINES; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; RETROVIRAL INSERTIONS; UNIQUE REGION; MEQ GENE; DNA; ALIGNMENT; CHICKEN AB The complete DNA sequence of the mildly virulent Gallid herpesvirus type 2 strain CU-2 was determined and consists of 176,922 bp with an overall gene organization typical of class E herpesviruses. Phylogenetically, this strain partitions in its own branch between the virulent strains RB-1B, Md11, and Md5, and the vaccine strain CVI988. Overall, the genome of CU-2 is more similar to that of CVI988, with identically sized unique short regions of 11,651 bp. As in CVI988, an insertion of 177 bp was identified in the overlapping genes encoding the Meq, RLORF6, and 23 kDa proteins within the repeat long region of the genome. A total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) common to both CU-2 and CVI988, and not occurring in virulent strains, were identified in the genes encoding U(L)29, U(L)45, U(L)50, U(L)52, LORF10, RLORF14a, RLORF12, Meq(RLORF7), 23kDa, ICP4, U(S)3, and two hypothetical proteins MDV071.4 and MDV076.4. Each gene encoding U(L)29 and Meq contained two SNPs. Only one major open reading frame (ORF) encoding U(L)41, the virus host shutoff (VHS) ribonuclease, was disrupted in the CU-2 genome. An additional cytosine after the 25 codon is predicted to produce a truncated protein of 97 aa. Since GaHV-2 mutants lacking U(L)41 have been reported to retain their virulence, other factors are likely responsible for the low virulence of CU-2. It is largely suspected that SNPs in common with CVI988 along with the insertions in the Meq loci are responsible for its phenotype. Conversely, we identified 43 nonsynonymous mutations (within 23 genes) that may contribute to the virulence of CU-2. These SNPs are shared exclusively with all sequenced virulent strains (Md5, Md11, and RB-1B) and not present within the CVI988 genome. Although most occur in proteins of unknown function, a significant percentage is in proteins involved in virion assembly. C1 [Spatz, Stephen J.; Rue, Cary A.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM stephen.spatz@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s11262-008-0213-5 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 296LJ UT WOS:000255544700006 PM 18351449 ER PT J AU Gimeno, I Silva, RF AF Gimeno, Isabel Silva, Robert F. TI Deletion of the Marek's disease virus UL41 gene (vhs) has no measurable effect on latency or pathogenesis SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE herpesvirus; poultry; avian; mutant; pathogenesis; MDV ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; HOST SHUTOFF FUNCTION; MESSENGER-RNAS; CYTOLYTIC INFECTION; PROTEIN; TYPE-1; REPLICATION; CELLS; HERPESVIRUS-1; EXPRESSION AB Marek's disease is an economically important disease of poultry and is caused by an alphaherpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). The predicted protein product of the MDV UL41 open reading frame has significant protein sequence identity with the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein gene in other alphaherpesviruses. To determine whether the MDV UL41 gene functions as a vhs protein, we utilized a transient co-transfection assay and demonstrated that the MDV UL41 protein was as active in degrading RNA as the vhs protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. To evaluate whether the MDV UL41 gene was involved in pathogenesis, we deleted the MDV UL41 gene. The UL41 deletion mutant replicated in cell culture as well as the parental MDV. The deletion mutant was inoculated into susceptible day-old chicks. The pattern and degree of tumor lesions and neurovirulence produced by the deletion mutant was same as the pattern of lesions induced by the parental virus. The only observable difference between the inoculation of MDV and the MDV deletion mutant was that the early in vivo cytolytic infection with the deletion mutant was of a longer duration than in the non-mutant MDV. C1 [Gimeno, Isabel; Silva, Robert F.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM bob.silva@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s11262-008-0215-3 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 296LJ UT WOS:000255544700008 PM 18311518 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL Popham, HJR AF Harrison, Robert L. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Genomic sequence analysis of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; granulovirus; Helicoverpa armigera; HearGV; Xestia c-nigrum; XecnGV ID BOMBYX-MORI-NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA AB The genome of a granulovirus isolated from the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was completely sequenced. The size of the Helicoverpa armigera granulovirus (HearGV) genome is 169,794 nt containing 179 open reading frames (ORFs), making it the second largest baculovirus genome analyzed to date. The genomes of HearGV and the Xestia c-nigrum GV (XecnGV) exhibit extensive sequence similarity and co-linearity, with both genomes containing the same nine homologous regions (hrs) with conserved structure and locations and sharing 167 open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic inference and pairwise analysis of Kimura-2-parameter nucleotide distances for the lef-8, lef-9, and granulin genes indicate that HearGV is part of a cluster of granuloviruses typified by XecnGV. The HearGV genome contains all 62 ORFs found in common among other fully sequenced lepidopteran baculovirus genomes, as well as seven ORFs unique to HearGV. In addition, HearGV and XecnGV genomes share 20 ORFs not found among other baculovirus genomes sequenced to date. In addition to possessing ten ORFs with sequence similarity to baculovirus repeated ORFs (bro), the HearGV genome contains members of two other gene families with homologues in ascovirus, nucleopolyhedrovirus, and entomopoxvirus genomes. Alignment of the HearGV and XecnGV genome sequences revealed that HearGV is missing approximately 16.6 kbp of XecnGV-homologous sequence and contains approximately 8.2 kbp of sequence not found in the XecnGV genome. C1 [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov; Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 565 EP 581 DI 10.1007/s11262-008-0218-0 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 296LJ UT WOS:000255544700015 PM 18418706 ER PT J AU King, DT Chastant, JE AF King, D. Tommy Chastant, Jennifer E. TI Water regurgitation by adult Double-crested Cormorants: A possible mechanism to assist in chick thermoregulation SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE chick; Double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; evaporative cooling; thermoregulatory behavior; water AB A previously undocumented thermoregulatory behavior of adult cormorants for their pre-fledged young was recorded during observations of a Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) colony in Lake of the Woods, Ontario. Many adult cormorants were observed regurgitating water over their chicks' bodies. The authors believe that the warm temperature, instense sun, and calm winds during the observation periods were the primary factors triggering this previously undocumented thermoregulatory behavior. C1 [King, D. Tommy] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Chastant, Jennifer E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[283:WRBADC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 338CF UT WOS:000258481800013 ER PT J AU Mangold, JM Sheley, RL AF Mangold, Jane M. Sheley, Roger L. TI Controlling performance of bluebunch wheatgrass and spotted knapweed using nitrogen and sucrose amendments SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE spotted knapweed; bluebunch wheatgrass; Centaurea maculosa; Pseudoroegneria spicata; succession; competition; carbon amendment; soil impoverishment ID CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; PRAIRIE RESTORATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; WEED MANAGEMENT; NATIVE GRASSES; COMPETITION; SUCCESSION; AVAILABILITY; INTERFERENCE AB Range- and wildlands are being invaded by nonindigenous plants, resulting in an unprecedented, rapid change in plant community composition across the United States. Successional management predicts that species performance may be modified by resource availability. The objective of this study was to determine whether species performance could be altered by modifying soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations within an Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis)/bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) plant association. We planted bluebunch wheatgrass and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) in an addition series at 2 sites in southwestern Montana. Each plot in the addition series matrix was divided into thirds, and we applied nitrogen (N) to a subplot and sucrose to a 2nd subplot. The remaining subplot was not amended and considered a control. Nitrogen amendment tended to enhance the performance of spotted knapweed, while sucrose amendment bad no effect. Bluebunch wheatgrass performance was not affected by either amendment. Sucrose treatments only decreased soil NO3- at the more productive site. Regression models for predicting bluebunch wheatgrass and spotted knapweed biomass accounted for only about 30% of the variation, suggesting other processes in addition to interference were responsible for explaining relative plant performance. We recommend that land managers prevent activities that increase soil N concentration while the effectiveness of carbon amendments as a means to decrease soil N concentrations and shift interference relationships is further investigated. C1 [Mangold, Jane M.; Sheley, Roger L.] USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Mangold, Jane M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Besources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Mangold, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jane.mangold@oregonstate.edu NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 18 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUN PY 2008 VL 68 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[129:CPOBWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319OF UT WOS:000257172600001 ER PT J AU Hagerty, AM Pantoja, A Emmert, S AF Hagerty, Aaron M. Pantoja, Alberto Emmert, Susan TI First record of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) from interior Alaska SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Alaska; diamondback moth; Brassica production ID MANAGEMENT AB The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella [L.]), is one of the most economically important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world, causing economically significant damage in broccoli, cabbage, canola, collards, and mustard. In Canada, P. xylostella is an important economic pest of canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.). In North America, the diamondback moth has been collected as far north as Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Despite its wide distribution and presence at economically damaging levels in Canada, there have been no published reports of P. xylostella from Alaska. This note documents the 1st collection of this pest species in interior Alaska. With continued moderation of the climate due to global climate change, this species has the potential to become an increasingly important agricultural pest in the state. C1 [Hagerty, Aaron M.; Pantoja, Alberto; Emmert, Susan] USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hagerty, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Room 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffamh1@uaf.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUN PY 2008 VL 68 IS 2 BP 249 EP 250 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[249:FRODML]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319OF UT WOS:000257172600013 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Augustine, DJ Mayers, DM AF Thompson, Craig M. Augustine, David J. Mayers, Darren M. TI Swift fox response to prescribed fire in shortgrass steppe SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE swift fox; Vulpes velox; prescribed fire; disturbance; shortgrass prairie; Colorado; Comanche National Grassland ID COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM; SURVIVAL AB Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) are shortgrass specialists and as a result are heavily dependent upon grassland disturbance regimes to maintain high-quality habitat. To better understand this relationship, we monitored the movement and spatial ecology of resident swift foxes before and after a 2005 prescribed burn in southeastern Colorado. We hypothesized that foxes would shift home ranges into and increase foraging activity within the prescribed burn area. Foxes did appear to alter their space-use patterns in response to the burn, although the response was constrained by territoriality. Foxes whose core-use areas overlapped the burn increased their use of the burn area for foraging and denning, but we did not observe shifts of individual home ranges to encompass more of the burned area. Foxes whose core-use areas did not overlap the burn did not alter their space use or change home range boundaries in response to the burn. Because we observed only positive or neutral responses to prescribed burning, we recommend this tool as an appropriate method to maintain high-quality swift fox habitat. C1 [Thompson, Craig M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Augustine, David J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Springfield, CO 81073 USA. [Mayers, Darren M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, La Junta, CO 81050 USA. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USFS Pacific SW Res Stn, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM cthompson@fs.fed.us RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUN PY 2008 VL 68 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[251:SFRTPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 319OF UT WOS:000257172600014 ER PT J AU Jones, PD Schimleck, LR Daniels, RF Clark, A Purnell, RC AF Jones, P. David Schimleck, Laurence R. Daniels, Richard F. Clark, Alexander, III Purnell, Robert C. TI Comparison of Pinus taeda L. whole-tree wood property calibrations using diffuse reflectance near infrared spectra obtained using a variety of sampling options SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NIR SPECTROSCOPY; PULP YIELD; INCREMENT CORES; PREDICTION; STIFFNESS; CHIPS AB A necessary objective for tree-breeding programs, with a focus on wood quality, is the measurement of wood properties on a whole-tree basis, however, the time and cost involved limits the numbers of trees sampled. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides an alternative and recently, it has been demonstrated that calibrations based on milled increment cores and whole-tree data can provide good estimates of whole-tree properties. Several options exist for sampling standing trees and the aim of this study was to compare wood property calibrations based on NIR spectra collected from samples obtained using different sampling methods. Calibrations for whole-tree lignin and basic specific gravity based on NIR spectra from whole-tree chips (milled or intact) had the strongest statistics, calibrations based on NIR spectra from milled increment cores were similar. Other options for sampling the tree (drill shavings, etc.) gave errors that were too large for practical applications. If an increment core is going to be used to estimate whole-tree properties, it is recommended that it be dried and milled prior to analysis. C1 [Jones, P. David] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Purnell, Robert C.] Int Paper, Bainbridge, GA 39819 USA. RP Jones, PD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pdjones@vt.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 385 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s00226-008-0178-5 PG 16 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 304AZ UT WOS:000256083700003 ER PT J AU Muir, WM Wong, GK Zhang, Y Wang, J Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Megens, HJ Zhang, HM McKay, JC McLeod, S Okimoto, R Fulton, JE Settar, P O'Sullivan, NP Vereijken, A Jungerius-Rattink, A Albers, GAA Lawley, CT Delany, ME Cheng, HH AF Muir, W. M. Wong, G. K. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Groenen, M. A. M. Crooijmans, R. P. M. A. Megens, H. -J. Zhang, H. M. McKay, J. C. McLeod, S. Okimoto, R. Fulton, J. E. Settar, P. O'Sullivan, N. P. Vereijken, A. Jungerius-Rattink, A. Albers, G. A. A. Lawley, C. Taylor Delany, M. E. Cheng, H. H. TI Review of the initial validation and characterization of a 3K chicken SNP array SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE SNPs; genetics; biodiversity; map AB In 2004 the chicken genome sequence and more than 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were reported. This information greatly enhanced the ability of poultry scientists to understand chicken biology, especially with respect to identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes that control simple and complex traits. To validate and address the quality of the reported SNPs, assays for 3072 SNPS were developed and used to genotype 2576 DNAs isolated from commercial and experimental birds. Over 90% of the SNPs were valid based on the criterion used for segregating, and over 88% had a minor allele frequency of 2% or greater. As the East Lansing (EL) and Wageningen University (WAU) reference panels were genotyped, 1933 SNPs were added to the chicken genetic map, which was used in the second chicken genome sequence assembly. It was also discovered that linkage disequilibrium varied considerably between commercial layers and broilers; with the latter having haplotype blocks averaging 10 to 50 kb in size. Finally, it was estimated that commercial lines have lost 70% or more of their genetic diversity, with the majority of allele loss attributable to the limited number of chicken breeds used. C1 [Zhang, H. M.; Cheng, H. H.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Muir, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wong, G. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Wong, G. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Wong, G. K.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. [Groenen, M. A. M.; Crooijmans, R. P. M. A.; Megens, H. -J.] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. [McKay, J. C.; McLeod, S.] Aviagen, Newbridge EH28 8SZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Okimoto, R.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. [Fulton, J. E.; Settar, P.; O'Sullivan, N. P.] Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. [Lawley, C. Taylor] Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Vereijken, A.; Jungerius-Rattink, A.; Albers, G. A. A.] Hendrix Genet, NL-5831 CK Boxmeer, Netherlands. [Delany, M. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu RI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/E-9676-2010; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012 OI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/0000-0002-3619-7533; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1017/S0043933908000019 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 310LX UT WOS:000256532200006 ER PT J AU Sunter, JD Patel, SP Skilton, RA Githaka, N Knowles, DP Scoles, GA Nene, V de Villiers, E Bishop, RP AF Sunter, Jack D. Patel, Sonal P. Skilton, Robert A. Githaka, Naftaly Knowles, Donald P. Scoles, Glen A. Nene, Vishvanath de Villiers, Etienne Bishop, Richard P. TI A novel SINE family occurs frequently in both genomic DNA and transcribed sequences in ixodid ticks of the arthropod sub-phylum Chelicerata SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus; Boophilus; Ixodes; short interspersed repetitive element; tRNA-derived; retroposon ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CATTLE TICK; RNA GENES; SIZE; EVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT AB Reassociation kinetics and flow cytometry data indicate that ixodid tick genomes are large, relative to most arthropods, containing 109 base pairs. The molecular basis for this is unknown. We have identified a novel small interspersed element with features of a tRNA-derived SINE, designated Ruka, in genomic sequences of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Boophilus (Rhipicephalus) microplus ticks. The SINE was also identified in expressed sequence tag (EST) databases derived from several tissues in four species of ixodid ticks, namely R. appendiculatus, B. (R.) microplus, Amblyomma variegatum and also the more distantly related Ixodes scapularis. Secondary structure predictions indicated that Ruka could adopt a tRNA structure that was, atypically, most similar to a serine tRNA. By extrapolation the frequency of occurrence in the randomly selected BAC clone sequences is consistent with approximately 65,000 copies of Ruka in the R. appendiculatus genome. Real time PCR analyses on genomic DNA indicate copy numbers for specific Ruka subsets between 5800 and 38,000. Several putative conserved Ruka insertion sites were identified in EST sequences of three ixodid tick species based on the flanking sequences associated with the SINEs, indicating that some Ruka transpositions probably occurred prior to speciation within the metastriate division of the Ixodidae. The data strongly suggest that Class I transposable. elements form a significant component of tick genomes and may partially account for the large genome sizes observed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sunter, Jack D.; Patel, Sonal P.; Skilton, Robert A.; Githaka, Naftaly; de Villiers, Etienne; Bishop, Richard P.] ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Knowles, Donald P.; Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Nene, Vishvanath] Univ Maryland, Sch Med HSF 2, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Nene, Vishvanath] Univ Maryland, Sch Med HSF 2, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Skilton, Robert A.] Biosci Eastern & Cent Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Bishop, RP (reprint author), ILRI, POB 30709, Nairobi, Kenya. EM r.bishop@cgiar.org OI de Villiers, Etienne/0000-0001-9878-1009 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2008.01.026 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 304YN UT WOS:000256145100002 PM 18394826 ER PT J AU Trout, JM Santin, M Fayer, R AF Trout, James M. Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI Detection of Assemblage A, Giardia duodenalis and Eimeria spp. in alpacas on two Maryland farms SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Giardia; Cryptasporidium; Eimeria; alpaca; camelid; prevalence ID WEANED DAIRY CALVES; LAMA-PACOS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; YOUNG ALPACAS; GENOTYPES; PREVALENCE; LLAMAS; MACUSANIENSIS AB Sixty-one fecal samples were collected from adult alpacas and crias (ages 10 weeks to 10 years) on two farms in central Maryland. The farms raised both suri (silky-haired) and huacaya (crimpy-haired) breeds. Females and crias were housed together on pasture, whereas older/breeding males were maintained on separate pastures. Samples were subjected to a density gradient centrifugation protocol to concentrate parasites and remove fecal debris and were examined by immuno-fluorescent and differential interference contrast microscopy. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were noted in 14 fecal samples, 6 on MD-1 and 8 on MD-2. Based on oocyst morphometrics two species of Eimeria were present: E. punoensis (19.2 mu m x 16.5 mu m) and E. alpacae (23.7 mu m x 19.5 mu m). Five animals shed exclusively E. punoensis, seven shed exclusively E. alpacae, and two had mixed infections. The Eimeria infections were not associated with obvious clinical signs. To deten-nine the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species and genotypes, DNA was extracted from feces and subjected to PCR utilizing specific primers for the ssu-rRNA gene for both parasites. All PCR positive samples were further analyzed by DNA sequencing to identify the species or genotypes that were present. Assemblage A, G. duodenalis was detected in fecal samples from two alpacas on MD-1 and in one alpaca on MD-2. Assemblage E, G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were not detected on either farm. Although the prevalence on these two farms was low, alpacas can harbor zoonotic G. duodenalis, and this should be home in mind by persons interacting with the animals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Trout, James M.; Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.trout@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.02.006 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 305YJ UT WOS:000256213400002 PM 18387745 ER PT J AU Dumetre, A Le Bras, C Baffet, M Meneceur, P Dubey, JP Derouin, F Duguet, JP Joyeux, M Moulin, L AF Dumetre, Aurelien Le Bras, Caroline Baffet, Maxime Meneceur, Pascale Dubey, J. P. Derouin, Francis Duguet, Jean-Pierre Joyeux, Michel Moulin, Laurent TI Effects of ozone and ultraviolet radiation treatments on the infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; oocyst; water; UV; ozone; inactivation ID DRINKING-WATER; INACTIVATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; OUTBREAK; BRAZIL AB Clinical toxoplasmosis in humans has been epidemiologically linked to the consumption of drinking water contaminated by Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. We evaluated killing of T gondii oocysts after ultraviolet (UV) or ozone treatments by bioassay in mice and/or cell culture. A 4-log inactivation of the oocyst/sporozoite infectivity was obtained for UV fluences >20 mJ cm(-2). In contrast, oocysts were not inactivated by ozone with an exposure (Ct) up to 9.4 mg min l(-1) in water at 20 degrees C. In conclusion, UV treatment can be an effective disinfection method to inactivate T. gondii oocysts in drinking water, but ozone did not show promise in this research. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dumetre, Aurelien; Moulin, Laurent] Ctr Rech Expertise & Controle Eaux Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Le Bras, Caroline; Baffet, Maxime; Duguet, Jean-Pierre; Joyeux, Michel] EAU DE PARIS, F-75675 Paris 14, France. [Meneceur, Pascale; Derouin, Francis] Univ Paris 07, Fac Med Denis Diderot, Lab Parasitol Mycol, F-75006 Paris, France. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resource Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moulin, L (reprint author), Ctr Rech Expertise & Controle Eaux Paris, 144 Ave Paul Vaillant Couturier, F-75014 Paris, France. EM laurent.moulin@crecep.fr RI Dumetre, Aurelien/N-9682-2016 OI Dumetre, Aurelien/0000-0001-5494-6326 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.02.004 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 305YJ UT WOS:000256213400003 PM 18355965 ER PT J AU Boggs, K Sturdy, M Rinella, DJ Rinella, MJ AF Boggs, Keith Sturdy, Michelle Rinella, Daniel J. Rinella, Matthew J. TI White spruce regeneration following a major spruce beetle outbreak in forests on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Picea glauca; Picea x lutzii; spruce beetle; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Calamagrostis canadensis; decayed logs; Anchor River watershed; Alaska; spruce regeneration; forest recovery ID LUTZ SPRUCE; FIRE HISTORY; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; ASPEN AB Between 1987 and 2000, a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak infested 1.19 million ha of spruce (Picea spp.) forests in Alaska, killing most of the large diameter trees. We evaluated whether these forests would recover to their pre-outbreak density, and determined the site conditions on which spruce germinated and survived following the spruce beetle outbreak in forests of the Anchor River watershed, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. White spruce (Picea glauca) and Lutz's spruce (Picea x lutzii), a hybrid between white and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), dominate the study area. We measured the pre- and post-outbreak density of spruce in 108 3 m x 80 m plots across the study area by recording all live trees and all dead trees > 1.5 m tall in each plot. To determine the fine scale site conditions on which spruce germinated and survived, we measured ground surface and substrate characteristics within 20 cm circular plots around a subset of post-outbreak spruce seedlings. The density of post-outbreak spruce (855/ha) was adequate to restock the stands to their pre-outbreak densities (643/ha) for trees > 1.5 m tall. We could not accurately estimate recovery for pre-outbreak spruce seedlings because dead seedlings may have decayed in the 5-18 years since the beetle outbreak occurred. At the fine scale, spruce that germinated post-outbreak grew on a wide variety of substrates including downed log, stump, mesic organic mat, peat, hummocks and mineral soil. They exhibited a strong preference for downed logs (53%) and stumps (4%), and most (91%) of the downed logs and stumps that spruce rooted on were heavily decayed. This preference for heavily decayed logs and stumps was especially evident given that their combined mean cover was only 2% in the 3 m x 80 m plots. Within the 3 m x 80 m plots, spruce seedling survival was negatively correlated with bluejoint (Calamagrostis canadensis) litter cover. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boggs, Keith; Sturdy, Michelle] Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Boggs, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, 707 A St, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM ankwb@uaa.alaska.edu; anms2@uaa.alaska.edu; rinella@uaa.alaska.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 10 BP 3571 EP 3579 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.039 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 311CT UT WOS:000256578500004 ER PT J AU Atwell, RC Schulte, LA Palik, BJ AF Atwell, Ryan C. Schulte, Lisa A. Palik, Brian J. TI Songbird response to experimental retention harvesting in red pine (Pinus resinosa) forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian ecology; biodiversity; Minnesota; partial overstory retention; restoration; structural complexity; timber harvesting ID BOREAL MIXEDWOOD FOREST; OREGON COAST RANGE; BIRD COMMUNITIES; BREEDING BIRDS; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; DOMINATED LANDSCAPE; CONIFER FORESTS; NESTING BIRDS; LARGE-SCALE; HABITAT AB Traditional harvesting practices frequently result in simplification of the structure and composition within managed forest stands in comparison to their natural counterparts. in particular, loss of heterogeneity within stands may pose a problem for maintaining biodiversity in perpetuity. In this study, we survey breeding bird diversity and abundance in response to different spatial harvesting patterns in mature red pine forests located on the Chippewa National Forest of northern Minnesota, USA. Treatments are designed to increase structural complexity over time and include three overstory manipulations (dispersed retention, aggregate retention with small gaps, and aggregate retention with large gaps), one understory manipulation (brush removal). and controls (no harvesting, and/or no brush removal). In 2003, the first breeding season following the harvest, we found little difference in bird community composition between control and treatment stands. In 2005, the third breeding season following harvest, avian abundance, richness, and diversity were all greater within treatments. Species associated with edge, shrub, and early successional habitats generally show positive response to treatments (e.g. Chestnut-sided Warbler [Dendroica pensylvanica], Mourning Warbler [Oporornis philadelphia], Chipping Sparrow [Spizella passerine]), as do sonic species associated with mature forest (e.g., Pine Warbler [Dendroica pinus], Rose-breasted Grosbeak [Pheucticus ludovicianus]). Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Black-throated Green Warblers (Dendroica virens) were more abundant in control stands. There are, as of yet, no discernable differences in avian community composition among the three overstory treatments or between the single understory treatment and the understory control, but differences are expected as the treatments diversify due to understory development. While overstory retention harvests provide habitat for a diverse and abundant bird community, the temporal divergence in avian community composition that we observed between treatment and control stands reveals the importance of uncut, mature red pine forest as a component of a biodiverse landscape. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Atwell, Ryan C.; Schulte, Lisa A.] Lowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Atwell, RC (reprint author), Lowa State Univ, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ryancardiffatwell@gmail.com NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 10 BP 3621 EP 3631 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.049 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 311CT UT WOS:000256578500010 ER PT J AU Salant, NL Hassan, MA Alonso, CV AF Salant, Nira L. Hassan, Marwan A. Alonso, Carlos V. TI Suspended sediment dynamics at high and low storm flows in two small watersheds SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE bank erosion; bed composition; fine sediment; hysteresis; land use; sediment mobility; sediment rating curves; sediment sources; supply depletion ID OREGON COAST RANGE; LAND-USE; GOODWIN CREEK; HARRIS CREEK; TRANSPORT; STREAM; MODEL; LOAD; SENSITIVITY; PATTERNS AB A record spanning almost 20 years of suspended sediment and discharge measurements on two reaches of an agricultural watershed is used to assess the influence of in-channel sediment supplies and bed composition on suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). We analyse discharge-SSC relationships from two small streams of similar hydrology, climate and land use but widely different bed compositions (one dominated by sand, the other by gravel). Given that sand-dominated systems have more fine sediment available for transport, we use bed composition and the relative proportion of surface sand and gravel to be representative of in-channel sediment supply. Both high flow events and lower flows associated with onset and late recessional storm flow ('low flows') are analysed in order to distinguish external from in-channel sources of sediment and to assess the relationship between low flows and sediment supply. We find that SSC during low flows is affected by changes to sediment supply, not just discharge capacity, indicated by the variation in the discharge-SSC relationship both within and between low flows. Results also demonstrate that suspended sediment and discharge dynamics differ between reaches; high bed sand fractions provide a steady supply of sediment that is quickly replenished, resulting in more frequent sediment-mobilizing low flow and relatively constant SSC between floods. In contrast, SSC of a gravel-dominated reach vary widely between events, with high SSC generally associated with only one or two high-flow events. Results lend support to the idea that fine sediment is both more available and more easily transported from sand-dominated streambeds, especially during low flows, providing evidence that bed composition and in-channel sediment supplies may play important roles in the mobilization and transport of fine sediment. In addition, the analysis of low-flow conditions, an approach unique to this study, provides insight into alternative and potentially significant factors that control fine sediment dynamics. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Salant, Nira L.; Hassan, Marwan A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Alonso, Carlos V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Salant, NL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 217-1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM nira.salant@alum.dartmouth.org NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1573 EP 1587 DI 10.1002/hyp.6743 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 305WI UT WOS:000256208100001 ER PT J AU Borgesen, CD Iversen, BV Jacobsen, OH Schaap, MG AF Borgesen, Christen D. Iversen, Bo V. Jacobsen, Ole H. Schaap, Marcel G. TI Pedotransfer functions estimating soil hydraulic properties using different soil parameters SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE pedotransfer functions; hydraulic properties; neural network ID WATER-RETENTION CURVES; UNSATURATED SOILS; CONDUCTIVITY; PREDICTION; TEXTURE; MODELS AB Estimates of soil hydraulic properties using pedotransfer functions (PTF) are useful in many studies such as hydrochemical modelling and soil mapping. The objective of this study was to calibrate and test parametric PTFs that predict soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity parameters. The PTFs are based on neural networks and the Bootstrap method using different sets of predictors and predict the van Genuchten/Mualem parameters. A Danish soil data set (152 horizons) dominated by sandy and sandy loamy soils was used in the development of PTFs, to predict the Mualem hydraulic conductivity parameters. A larger data set (1618 horizons) with a broader textural range was used in the development of PTFs to predict the van Genuchten parameters. The PTFs using either three or seven textural classes combined with soil organic mater and bulk density gave the most reliable predictions of the hydraulic properties of the studied soils. We found that introducing measured water content as a predictor generally gave lower errors for water retention predictions and higher errors for conductivity predictions. The best of the developed PTFs for predicting hydraulic conductivity was tested against PTFs from the literature using a subdata set of the data used in the calibration. The test showed that the developed PTFs gave better predictions (lower errors) than the PTFs from the literature. This is not surprising since the developed PTFs are based mainly on hydraulic conductivity data near saturation and sandier soils than the PTFs from the literature. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Borgesen, Christen D.; Iversen, Bo V.; Jacobsen, Ole H.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Agroecol, Fac Agr Sci, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Schaap, Marcel G.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Borgesen, CD (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Agroecol, Fac Agr Sci, Blichers Alle 20,POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. EM christen.borgesen@agrsci.dk OI Iversen, Bo Vangso/0000-0002-2276-0233 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1630 EP 1639 DI 10.1002/hyp.6731 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 305WI UT WOS:000256208100005 ER PT J AU Tetzlaff, D McDonnell, JJ Uhlenbrook, S McGuire, KJ Bogaart, PW Naef, F Baird, AJ Dunn, SM Soulsby, C AF Tetzlaff, D. McDonnell, J. J. Uhlenbrook, S. McGuire, K. J. Bogaart, P. W. Naef, F. Baird, A. J. Dunn, S. M. Soulsby, C. TI Conceptualizing catchment processes: simply too complex? SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; MESOSCALE CATCHMENT; RUNOFF PROCESSES; RESIDENCE TIMES; HYDROLOGY; FLOW; BASINS; HILLSLOPES; MEMORY C1 [Tetzlaff, D.; Soulsby, C.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [McDonnell, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Uhlenbrook, S.] UNESCO, IHE, Inst Water Educ, Dept Water Engn, NL-601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Uhlenbrook, S.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [McGuire, K. J.] Plymouth State Univ, US Forest Serv, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Bogaart, P. W.] Univ Wageningen, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Naef, F.] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland. [Baird, A. J.] Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Geog, London E1 4NS, England. [Dunn, S. M.] Macaulay Res Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Tetzlaff, D (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. EM d.tetzlaff@abdn.ac.uk RI Uhlenbrook, Stefan/C-7468-2009; Dunn, Sarah/H-3929-2011; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 NR 38 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1727 EP 1730 DI 10.1002/hyp.7069 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 305WI UT WOS:000256208100013 ER PT J AU Uebing-Czipura, AU Dawson, HD Scherba, G AF Uebing-Czipura, A. Ulrike Dawson, Harry D. Scherba, Gail TI Immortalization and characterization of lineage-restricted neuronal progenitor cells derived from the porcine olfactory bulb SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE olfactory bulb; porcine neuroblasts; porcine neuronal progenitor cells; neural transcriptome analysis; hTERT; alphaherpesvirus ID MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; NEURAL PROGENITOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALPHA-TUBULIN; DIFFERENTIATION; DOUBLECORTIN; TISSUES; BRAIN AB Crucial aspects in the development of in vitro neuropathogenic disease model systems are the identification, characterization and continuous mitotic expansion of cultured neuronal cells. To facilitate long-term cultivation, we immortalized porcine olfactory neuronally restricted progenitor cells by genomic insertion of a cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) yielding a stable neuroblast subclone (OBGF400). The altered cells exhibited progenitor-cell-like morphology and mitotic competency based on sustained subpassaging, prevalence in the cell cycle GO/G1 phase and an overall lack of cellular senescence as compared to primary cultures. An OBGF400 neuronal phenotype was indicated by the recognition of a transfected neuronal progenitor-cell-specific tubulin-a I gene promoter, intracellular presence of early neuronal markers (TuJ1, neuregulin-1, doublecortin and SOX2) and enhanced expression of neuronal- and progenitor lineage-active genes (MAP2, nestin, ENO and Syn1) compared to that of porcine epithelial cells. These OBGF400 neuroblasts are likely dependent on telomerase to prevent terminal differentiation as subcultures with a predominance of neuronally differentiated members had less enzymatic activity. Based on its susceptibility to a porcine alphaherpesvirus infection, this novel neuroblast cell line may be useful for exploring neuronal cell-pathogen interactions in vitro. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Uebing-Czipura, A. Ulrike; Scherba, Gail] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Dawson, Harry D.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Scherba, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM scherba@uiuc.edu RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI061380-01, 5R21AI61380-2, R21 AI061380, R21 AI061380-02] NR 35 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 170 IS 2 BP 262 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.01.028 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 300TX UT WOS:000255849200010 PM 18358537 ER PT J AU Peters-Lidard, CD Mocko, DM Garcia, M Santanello, JA Tischler, MA Moran, MS Wu, YH AF Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Mocko, David M. Garcia, Matthew Santanello, Joseph A., Jr. Tischler, Michael A. Moran, M. Susan Wu, Yihua TI Role of precipitation uncertainty in the estimation of hydrologic soil properties using remotely sensed soil moisture in a semiarid environment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DATA ASSIMILATION; MONSOON 90; ETA-MODEL; WATER; SIMULATION; PARAMETERIZATION AB The focus of this study is on the role of precipitation uncertainty in the estimation of soil texture and soil hydraulic properties for application to land-atmosphere modeling systems. This work extends a recent study by Santanello et al. (2007) in which it was shown that soil texture and related physical parameters may be estimated using a combination of multitemporal microwave remote sensing, land surface modeling, and parameter estimation methods. As in the previous study, the NASA-GSFC Land Information System modeling framework, including the community Noah land surface model constrained with pedotransfer functions (PTF) for use with the Parameter Estimation Tool, is applied to several sites in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeastern Arizona during the Monsoon '90 experiment period. It is demonstrated that the application of PTF constraints in the estimation process for hydraulic parameters provides accuracy similar to direct hydrologic parameter estimation, with the additional benefit of simultaneously estimated soil texture. Precipitation uncertainty is then represented with systematically varying sources, from the high-density precipitation gauge network in WGEW to lower quality sources, including spatially averaged precipitation, single gauges in and near the watershed, and results from the continental-scale North American Regional Reanalysis data set. It is demonstrated that the quality of the input precipitation data set, and particularly the accuracy of the data set, in both detection of convective ( heavy) rainfall events and reproduction of the observed rainfall rate probabilities, is a critical determinant in the use of successive remote sensing results in order to establish and refine estimates of soil texture and hydraulic properties. C1 [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Mocko, David M.; Garcia, Matthew; Santanello, Joseph A., Jr.; Wu, Yihua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mocko, David M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mocko, David M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Garcia, Matthew; Wu, Yihua] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Santanello, Joseph A., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tischler, Michael A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Topograph Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Moran, M. Susan] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 6143, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christa.peters@nasa.gov; david.mocko@nasa.gov; matthew.garcia@nasa.gov; joseph.santanello@nasa.gov; michael.a.tischler@erdc.usace.army.mil; smoran@tucson.ars.ag.gov; yihua.wu@noaa.gov RI Santanello, Joseph/D-4438-2012; Garcia, Matthew/K-9286-2013; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Santanello, Joseph/0000-0002-0807-6590; Garcia, Matthew/0000-0002-9637-4204; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 63 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S18 DI 10.1029/2007WR005884 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 308BS UT WOS:000256363900001 ER PT J AU You, FM Huo, NX Gu, YQ Luo, MC Ma, YQ Hane, D Lazo, GR Dvorak, J Anderson, OD AF You, Frank M. Huo, Naxin Gu, Yong Qiang Luo, Ming-cheng Ma, Yaqin Hane, Dave Lazo, Gerard R. Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. TI BatchPrimer3: A high throughput web application for PCR and sequencing primer design SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MUTATION SYSTEM-PCR; BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; EFFICIENT PROCEDURE; NEW-MODEL; GENES; DNA; MARKERS AB Background: Microsatellite (simple sequence repeat - SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are two types of important genetic markers useful in genetic mapping and genotyping. Often, large-scale genomic research projects require high-throughput computer-assisted primer design. Numerous such web-based or standard-alone programs for PCR primer design are available but vary in quality and functionality. In particular, most programs lack batch primer design capability. Such a high-throughput software tool for designing SSR flanking primers and SNP genotyping primers is increasingly demanded. Results: A new web primer design program, BatchPrimer3, is developed based on Primer3. BatchPrimer3 adopted the Primer3 core program as a major primer design engine to choose the best primer pairs. A new score-based primer picking module is incorporated into BatchPrimer3 and used to pick position-restricted primers. BatchPrimer3 v1.0 implements several types of primer designs including generic primers, SSR primers together with SSR detection, and SNP genotyping primers (including single-base extension primers, allele-specific primers, and tetra-primers for tetra-primer ARMS PCR), as well as DNA sequencing primers. DNA sequences in FASTA format can be batch read into the program. The basic information of input sequences, as a reference of parameter setting of primer design, can be obtained by pre-analysis of sequences. The input sequences can be pre-processed and masked to exclude and/or include specific regions, or set targets for different primer design purposes as in Primer3Web and primer3Plus. A tab-delimited or Excel-formatted primer output also greatly facilitates the subsequent primer-ordering process. Thousands of primers, including wheat conserved intron-flanking primers, wheat genome-specific SNP genotyping primers, and Brachypodium SSR flanking primers in several genome projects have been designed using the program and validated in several laboratories. Conclusion: BatchPrimer3 is a comprehensive web primer design program to develop different types of primers in a high-throughput manner. Additional methods of primer design can be easily integrated into future versions of BatchPrimer3. The program with source code and thousands of PCR and sequencing primers designed for wheat and Brachypodium are accessible at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/demos/BatchPrimer3/. C1 [You, Frank M.; Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Qiang; Luo, Ming-cheng; Hane, Dave; Lazo, Gerard R.; Anderson, Olin D.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [You, Frank M.; Huo, Naxin; Luo, Ming-cheng; Ma, Yaqin; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hane, Dave] Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM frank.you@ars.usda.gov; nhuo@pw.usda.gov; yong.gu@ars.usda.gov; mcluo@ucdavis.edu; ama@ucdavis.edu; dhane@pw.usda.gov; gerard.lazo@ars.pw.usda.gov; jdvorak@ucdavis.edu; oandersn@pw.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 46 TC 290 Z9 293 U1 6 U2 40 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 253 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-253 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 319JD UT WOS:000257159000001 PM 18510760 ER PT J AU Bischoff, SR Tsai, S Hardison, NE York, AM Freking, BA Nonneman, D Rohrer, G Piedrahita, JA AF Bischoff, Steve R. Tsai, Shengdar Hardison, Nicholas E. York, Abby M. Freking, Brad A. Nonneman, Dan Rohrer, Gary Piedrahita, Jorge A. TI Identification of SNPs and INDELS in swine transcribed sequences using short oligonucleotide microarrays SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION; GENOME; ARRAYS; DISCOVERY; GENES; MAMMALS; PROMISE AB Background: Genome-wide detection of single feature polymorphisms (SFP) in swine using transcriptome profiling of day 25 placental RNA by contrasting probe intensities from either Meishan or an occidental composite breed with Affymetrix porcine microarrays is presented. A linear mixed model analysis was used to identify significant breed-by-probe interactions. Results: Gene specific linear mixed models were fit to each of the log(2) transformed probe intensities on these arrays, using fixed effects for breed, probe, breed-by-probe interaction, and a random effect for array. After surveying the day 25 placental transcriptome, 857 probes with a q-value <= 0.05 and vertical bar fold change vertical bar <= 2 for the breed-by-probe interaction were identified as candidates containing SFP. To address the quality of the bioinformatics approach, universal pyrosequencing assays were designed from Affymetrix exemplar sequences to independently assess polymorphisms within a subset of probes for validation. Additionally probes were randomly selected for sequencing to determine an unbiased confirmation rate. In most cases, the 25-mer probe sequence printed on the microarray diverged from Meishan, not occidental crosses. This analysis was used to define a set of highly reliable predicted SFPs according to their probability scores. Conclusion: By applying a SFP detection method to two mammalian breeds for the first time, we detected transition and transversion single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as insertions/deletions which can be used to rapidly develop markers for genetic mapping and association analysis in species where high density genotyping platforms are otherwise unavailable. SNPs and INDELS discovered by this approach have been publicly deposited in NCBI's SNP repository dbSNP. This method is an attractive bioinformatics tool for uncovering breed-by-probe interactions, for rapidly identifying expressed SNPs, for investigating potential functional correlations between gene expression and breed polymorphisms, and is robust enough to be used on any Affymetrix gene expression platform. C1 [Bischoff, Steve R.; Tsai, Shengdar; Hardison, Nicholas E.; York, Abby M.; Piedrahita, Jorge A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Freking, Brad A.; Nonneman, Dan; Rohrer, Gary] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Bischoff, Steve R.; Tsai, Shengdar; Piedrahita, Jorge A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hardison, Nicholas E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Program Stat Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Piedrahita, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM steve_bischoff@ncsu.edu; shengdar_tsai@ncsu.edu; nardis@ncsu.edu; amyork@ncsu.edu; brad.freking@ars.usda.gov; dan.nonneman@ars.usda.gov; gary.rohrer@ars.usda.gov; jorge_piedrahita@ncsu.edu RI Tsai, Shengdar/G-4600-2012 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 252 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-252 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 322AC UT WOS:000257346600001 PM 18510738 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Wang, SY Chen, C AF Wang, Chien Y. Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Chitsun TI Increasing antioxidant activity and reducing decay of blueberries by essential oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE essential oils; antioxidant; anthocyanins; phenolics; blueberries; decay ID RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY; PATHOGEN BACILLUS-CEREUS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; TABLE GRAPES; ANTHOCYANINS; CARVACROL; PHENOLICS; THYMOL; FRUITS AB Several naturally occurring essential oils including carvacrol, anethole, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, perillaldehyde, linalool, and p-cymene were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing decay and increasing antioxidant levels and activities in 'Duke' blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum). Carvacrol, anethole, and perillaldehyde showed the capability to promote total anthocyanins and total phenolics and enhance antioxidant activity in fruit tissues expressed as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot) scavenging capacity. All of the essential oils tested in this study were able to inhibit fruit decay development to some degree compared to controls. The most effective compound for mold retardation was p-cymene, followed by linalool, carvacrol, anethole, And perillaldehyde. Cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde also suppressed mold growth, but to a lesser extent. Treatment with carvacrol, anethole, or perillaldehyde also significantly increased the levels of fructose, glucose, and citric acid. Individual flavonoids were variably affected by the essential oils. Levels of chlorogenic acid, which was them major phenolic compound in blueberry fruit, were enhanced by all of the essential oils in this study. Increased amounts of quercetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-arabinoside were also found in all treated fruit except samples treated with linalool or p-cymene. The major anthocyanin, malvidin 3-galactoside, was enhanced by all essential oils tested except linalool and p-cymene. The levels of other individual anthocyanins including petunidin 3-galactoside, delphinidin 3-galactoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-arabinoside, delphinidin 3-arabinoside, and cyanidin 3-galactoside were higher in treated fruit compared to controls. Those essential oils that have positive effects on enhancing anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of fruit, but inhibitory effects on microbial growth and decay development, deserve further evaluation. C1 [Wang, Chien Y.; Chen, Chitsun] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Chienyi.Wang@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3587 EP 3592 DI 10.1021/jf7037696 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 303IS UT WOS:000256034800022 PM 18442248 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Arcinas, A AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Arcinas, Arthur TI Regiospecific identification of 2-(12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-1,3-diricinoleoyl-sn-glycerol in castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil by ESI-MS4 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE castor oil; ricinoleate; 2-(12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-1,3-diricinoleoyl-sn-glycerol; tetraricinolein; tetraacylglycerol; regiospecific; 1-O-palmityl-2,3-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol; ESI-MS; lipase; Ricinus communis L. ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTIFICATION; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AB (12-Ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)diricinoleoylglycerol (RRRR), a tetraacylglycerol, was identified earlier in castor oil. Using ESI-MS4, 95% of the 12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl chain was identified at the sn-2 position. of the glycerol backbone of RRRR. Regiospecific location of the 12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl chain of RRRR on the glycerol backbone was identified and quantified by the ions from the losses of the acyl chains at the sn-2 position as alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids from the lithium adduct of RRRR. The regiospecific location was confirmed by hydrolysis of RRRR using sn-1,3 specific lipase. By comparison to the mass spectrum of 1-O-palmityl-2,3-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol containing one ether bond, the 12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl chain of RRRR is indeed the ester bond between the two ricinoleoyl chains, not the ether bond formed from the two hydroxyl groups of the two ricinoleoyl chains. The structure of RRRR is 2-(12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-1,3-diricinoleoyl-sn-glycerol. C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh; Arcinas, Arthur] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jtlin@pw.usda.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3616 EP 3622 DI 10.1021/jf072750z PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 303IS UT WOS:000256034800026 PM 18442250 ER PT J AU Lester, GE AF Lester, Gene E. TI Antioxidant, sugar, mineral, and phytonutrient concentrations across edible fruit tissues of orange-fleshed honeydew melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ascorbate peroxidase; ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; boron; calcium; catalase; copper; Cucurbitaceae; 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid; fructose; glucose; iron; manganese; magnesium; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; sucrose; superoxide dismutase; zinc ID NETTED MUSKMELON FRUIT; POSTHARVEST STORAGE; ASCORBIC-ACID; FOLIC-ACID; QUALITY; MATURATION; CULTIVAR; GROWTH; VARIABILITY; SENESCENCE AB Orange-fleshed, non-netted honeydew (Cucumis melo L.) is a relatively new melon in the marketplace and has shown a lot of potential as an alternative to netted muskmelons (cantaloupes), which are often prone to surface contamination by enteric bacteria. Orange-fleshed honeydew is a cross between orange-fleshed cantaloupe and non-netted, green-fleshed honeydew. This glasshouse study investigated the nutritional profile (phytonutrient and sugar contents) in different tissues of mature orange-fleshed honeydew melon fruit. The equatorial mesocarp of ripe fruit was segmented into hypodermal (subpeel), outer, middle, and inner (near the seed cavity) tissues and then assayed for total sugars, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients, total proteins, and enzymatic antioxidant activities. The concentrations of soluble solids, sucrose, total sugars, beta-carotene, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid increased in an inward direction from the subpeel mesocarp tissues toward the seed cavity. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased in an inward direction. The concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, and sodium all decreased in the inward direction. When expressed on a dry weight basis, the concentrations of ascorbic acid, boron, copper, fructose, glucose, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc were higher in the subpeel region compared to the inner mesocarp tissues, but the reverse was true when data were expressed on a fresh weight basis. These data reveal that there is considerable variation in sugars, minerals, and phytonutrients across the mesocarp regions and that expressing the data on a fresh or dry weight basis can alter interpretations of the nutritional significance and health benefits of fruit. The data also confirm that orange-fleshed honeydew melon can be a rich source of many human health-related nutrients. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 200,2413 E US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3694 EP 3698 DI 10.1021/jf8001735 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 303IS UT WOS:000256034800037 PM 18454549 ER PT J AU Tharayil, N Bhowmik, PC Xing, BS AF Tharayil, Nishanth Bhowmik, Prasanta C. Xing, Baoshan TI Bioavailability of allelochemicals as affected by companion compounds in soil matrices SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; catechin; Centaurea maculosa; procyanidin; phenolic acids; interaction index; competitive sorption ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; FERULIC ACID; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; INVASION SUCCESS; MODEL SYSTEMS; OXIDATION; (+)-CATECHIN; ALLELOPATHY; SORPTION; (+/-)-CATECHIN AB Multicompound allelochemical interactions were studied using Centaurea maculosa as a model source to understand how the bioavailability of complex allelochemical mixtures is modified in soil-microbial systems. Litter decomposition of C. maculosa in sandy loam soil yielded five phenolic acids, namely, hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids. The degradation studies were conducted by exogenous application of catechin, the primary allelochemical exuded by C. maculosa, and the phenolic acid cosolutes in a sandy loam and silt loam soil. Compared to a single-solute system, in a multisolute system the persistence of individual allelochemicals was significantly increased in both soils. Oxidation and sorption were primarily involved in the disappearance of allelochemicals. Mass spectrometric data showed that catechin rapidly underwent polymerization to form procyanidin dimer both in soil and in bioassay medium, resulting in reduced persistence and phytotoxicity. Hence, catechin phytotoxicity could occur only under conditions that would inhibit these condensation reactions. This study clearly demonstrates that various soil mechanisms including competitive sorption and preferential degradation would increase the persistence of allelochemical mixtures in a soil matrix. C1 [Tharayil, Nishanth; Bhowmik, Prasanta C.; Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Tharayil, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ntharay@clemson.edu; bx@pssci.umass.edu OI Tharayil, Nishanth /0000-0001-6866-0804 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3706 EP 3713 DI 10.1021/jf073310a PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 303IS UT WOS:000256034800039 PM 18435537 ER PT J AU Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Whitehand, LC Naim, M Rabinowitch, HD AF Mayer, Florian Takeoka, Gary R. Buttery, Ron G. Whitehand, Linda C. Naim, Michael Rabinowitch, Haim D. TI Studies on the aroma of five fresh tomato cultivars and the precursors of cis- and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenals and methional SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fresh tomato; aroma; flavor; odorants; taste; modeling; AEDA; quantification; concentrations; linoleic acid; cis- and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenals; methional; methionine ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; POTENT ODORANTS; VOLATILES; FRUIT; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; BUTTERFAT; OXIDATION; FURANEOL; BEEF AB Three tasty (BR-139, FA-624, and FA-612) and two less tasty (R-144 and R-175) fresh greenhouse tomato cultivars, which significantly differ in their flavor profiles, were screened for potent odorants using aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). On the basis of AEDA results, 19 volatiles were selected for quantification in those 5 cultivars using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compounds such as 1-penten-3-one, (EE)- and (E,2)-2,4-decadienal, and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol) had higher odor units in the more preferred cultivars, whereas methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, or 2-isobutylthiazole had higher odor units in the less preferred cultivars. Simulation of the odor of the selected tomato cultivars by preparation of aroma models and comparison with the corresponding real samples confirmed that all important fresh tomato odorants were identified, that their concentrations were determined correctly in all five cultivars, and that differences in concentration, especially of the compounds mentioned above, make it possible to distinguish between them and are responsible for the differential preference. To help elucidate formation pathways of key odorants, labeled precursors were added to tomatoes. Biogenesis of cis- and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenals from linoleic acid and methional from methionine was confirmed. C1 [Mayer, Florian; Takeoka, Gary R.; Buttery, Ron G.; Whitehand, Linda C.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Naim, Michael; Rabinowitch, Haim D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr & Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grt@pw.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3749 EP 3757 DI 10.1021/jf0732915 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 303IS UT WOS:000256034800045 PM 18459793 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD Gapper, NE AF Whitaker, Bruce D. Gapper, Nigel E. TI Ripening-specific stigmasterol increase in tomato fruit is associated with increased sterol C-22 desaturase (CYP710A11) gene expression SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tomato; Solanum lycopersicum; phytosterols; sterol 22-desaturase; gene expression; fruit ripening; nonripening mutants ID ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; MEMBRANE; GROWTH; LIPIDS; DELTA(22)-DESATURASE; CYTOCHROME-P-450; PURIFICATION; PHYTOSTEROLS AB Phytosterol content and composition and sterol C-22 desaturase (LeSD1; CYP710A11) transcript levels in pericarp tissue of 'Rutgers' tomato fruit were compared in the wild-type (wt) and isogenic lines of the nonripening mutants nor and rin at four stages of ripening/aging. Wild-type fruit were harvested at the mature-green (MG), breaker (BK), breaker plus 3 days (B + 3), and breaker plus 6 days (B + 6) stages, whereas nor and rin fruits were harvested at comparable chronological ages (days after pollination). At the IVIG stage, wt and mutant fruits had closely similar sterol contents, compositions, and conjugations, with > 91 % of the total sterols in the acylated steryl glycoside plus steryl glycoside (ASG + SG) fraction. During ripening/aging, there were substantial increases in total sterols and the percentage of sterols in the free plus esterified (FS + SE) fraction. Both changes were greater in wt than in nor or rin. In fruit of wt, rin, and nor, respectively, the increases in total sterols between IVIG and B + 6 were 2.1-, 1.9-, and 1.5-fold, and at B + 6 the percentages of total sterols in FS + SE were 42, 21, and 24. Among all sterol lipids (ASG, SG, FS, and SE), the ratio of stigmasterol (stigmasta-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol) to beta-sitosterol (stigmast-5-en-3 beta-ol), the two major sterols in tomato, increased 2.3-fold during ripening of wt fruit but declined slightly during comparable aging of nor and rin fruits. In accord with these changes, the abundance of LeSD1 transcript increased 4-fold in pericarp of ripening wt fruit, peaking at B + 3, whereas transcript levels in nor and rin fruits fluctuated but never exceeded the abundance in wt fruit at the IVIG stage. These findings indicate that the ripening-specific increase in stigmasterol in wt fruit results from a marked increase in LeSD1 transcription and translation, which accelerates C-22 desaturation of the precursor sterol, P-sitosterol. C1 [Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gapper, Nigel E.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bruce.whitaker@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3828 EP 3835 DI 10.1021/jf7037983 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 303IS UT WOS:000256034800056 PM 18461960 ER PT J AU Ishak, HD Dumbacher, JP Anderson, NL Keane, JJ Valkiunas, G Haig, SM Tell, LA Sehgal, RNM AF Ishak, Heather D. Dumbacher, John P. Anderson, Nancy L. Keane, John J. Valkiunas, Gediminas Haig, Susan M. Tell, Lisa A. Sehgal, Ravinder N. M. TI Blood Parasites in Owls with Conservation Implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVIAN MALARIA PARASITES; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INFECTED HAWAII AMAKIHI; CYTOCHROME-B LINEAGES; NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; HOST IMMUNE DEFENSE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BARRED OWL; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM AB The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) or other blood parasites potentially harmful for Spotted Owls. Although Barred Owls commonly harbor Plasmodium infections, these parasites have not been documented in the Spotted Owl. We screened 111 Spotted Owls, 44 Barred Owls, and 387 owls of nine other species for haemosporidian parasites (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus spp.). California Spotted Owls had the greatest number of simultaneous multi-species infections (44%). Additionally, sequencing results revealed that the Northern and California Spotted Owl subspecies together had the highest number of Leucocytozoon parasite lineages (n = 17) and unique lineages (n = 12). This high level of sequence diversity is significant because only one Leucocytozoon species (L. danilewskyi) has been accepted as valid among all owls, suggesting that L. danilewskyi is a cryptic species. Furthermore, a Plasmodium parasite was documented in a Northern Spotted Owl for the first time. West Coast Barred Owls had a lower prevalence of infection (15%) when compared to sympatric Spotted Owls (S. o. caurina 52%, S. o. occidentalis 79%) and Barred Owls from the historic range (61%). Consequently, Barred Owls on the West Coast may have a competitive advantage over the potentially immune compromised Spotted Owls. C1 [Ishak, Heather D.; Dumbacher, John P.; Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, San Francisco, CA USA. [Anderson, Nancy L.] Lindsay Wildlife Museum, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Keane, John J.] USDA, Forest Serv Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Valkiunas, Gediminas] Vilnius Univ, Inst Ecol, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Haig, Susan M.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Tell, Lisa A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA USA. RP Ishak, HD (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM heatherishak@gmail.com RI SEHGAL, Ravinder/F-9216-2010; OI SEHGAL, Ravinder/0000-0002-5255-4641 FU UC Davis [K12GM00679]; San Francisco State University [K12GM00679] FX Ravinder N. M. Sehgal, Heather Ishak, and this research were supported in part by an NIGMS MORE Institutional Research and Academic Career Development Award to UC Davis and San Francisco State University, grant number K12GM00679. NR 100 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 50 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2304 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002304 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391XW UT WOS:000262268500039 PM 18509541 ER PT J AU Katritzky, AR Wang, ZQ Slavov, S Tsikolia, M Dobchev, D Akhmedov, NG Hall, CD Bernier, UR Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Katritzky, Alan R. Wang, Zuoquan Slavov, Svetoslav Tsikolia, Maia Dobchev, Dirnitar Akhmedov, Novruz G. Hall, C. Dennis Bernier, Ulrich R. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Synthesis and bioassay of improved mosquito repellents predicted from chemical structure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE N-acylpiperidine; quantitative structure-activity relationship; CODESSA PRO; artificial neural network; Aedes aegypti ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITOS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; N-ACYLBENZOTRIAZOLES; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; LACTIC-ACID; DIPTERA; BENZOTRIAZOLE; CULICIDAE AB Mosquito repellency data on acylpiperidines derived from the U.S. Department of Agriculture archives were modeled by using molecular descriptors calculated by CODESSA PRO software. An artificial neural network model was developed for the correlation of these archival results and used to predict the repellent activity of novel compounds of similar structures. A series of 34 promising N-acylpiperidine mosquito repellent candidates (4a-4q') were synthesized by reactions of acylbenzotriazoles 2a-2p with piperidines 3a-3f. Compounds (4a-4q') were screened as topically applied mosquito repellents by measuring the duration of repellency after application to cloth patches worn on the arms of human volunteers. Some compounds that were evaluated repelled mosquitoes as much as three times longer than N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), the most widely used repellent throughout the world. The newly measured durations of repellency were used to obtain a superior correlation equation relating mosquito repellency to molecular structure. C1 [Katritzky, Alan R.; Wang, Zuoquan; Slavov, Svetoslav; Tsikolia, Maia; Dobchev, Dirnitar; Akhmedov, Novruz G.; Hall, C. Dennis] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bernier, Ulrich R.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Katritzky, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, 127 Chem Res Bldg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM katritzky@chem.ufl.edu NR 52 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 21 BP 7359 EP 7364 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800571105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 308HC UT WOS:000256378100006 PM 18508970 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Schafer, LM Helon, DA Linnell, MA AF Blackwell, Bradley F. Schafer, Laurence M. Helon, David A. Linnell, Michael A. TI Bird use of stormwater-management ponds: Decreasing avian attractants on airports SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE airport; avian use; aviation hazard; bird strike; stormwater-management pond; wildlife strike ID CONTROL IMPOUNDMENTS; WETLANDS; COMMUNITIES; COLLISIONS; WATERFOWL; ABUNDANCE; AIRCRAFT; LEVEL AB Characteristics of stormwater-management ponds that contribute to avian hazards to aviation at airports have not been quantified. We selected 30 stormwater-management ponds (average 0.1 ha), approximately 50 km from Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, as surrogates to on-airport facilities. We conducted 46 weeks of avian surveys (between 14 February 2005 and 17 February 2006) and evaluated model fit of 6 a priori models relative to pond use by an avian group via Kullback-Leibler information. Our full model, composed of pond surface area (sa), ratio of area of open water to area of emergent and woody vegetation (ow:ew), perimeter irregularity, and geographic isolation, was among 3 best approximating models for pond use by 9 of 13 groups (within Anatidae, Ardeidae, Charadriidae, Columbidae, Accipitridae, Laridae, and Rallidae) considered. The full model and models lacking sa or ow:ew were indistinguishable in fit for a group composed of avian species considered hazardous to aviation. For models selected, Akaike weights (i.e., relative likelihoods) ranged from 0.869 to 0.994. In contrast, relative likelihood for a mean model (i.e., a model including only an intercept) was <10(-4) for all groups. We suggest that designs of stormwater-management ponds at airports in the Pacific Northwest should minimize the pond perimeter via circular or linear designs. Also, ponds should be located so as to reduce the number and proximity of other water resources within 1 km. For existing stormwater-management ponds at airports, we suggest reducing the availability of open water via covering or drawdown. Published by Elsevier B.V.. C1 [Blackwell, Bradley F.; Helon, David A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Schafer, Laurence M.; Linnell, Michael A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov; laurence.m.schafer@aphis.usda.gov; david.a.helon@aphis.usda.gov; michael.a.linnell@aphis.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY 26 PY 2008 VL 86 IS 2 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.02.004 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 310YX UT WOS:000256568100006 ER PT J AU Pillai, SPS Suarez, DL Pantin-Jackwood, M Lee, CW AF Pillai, S. P. S. Suarez, D. L. Pantin-Jackwood, M. Lee, C. -W. TI Pathogenicity and transmission studies of H5N2 parrot avian influenza virus of Mexican lineage in different poultry species SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE H5N2; influenza; parrot; pathogenicity; transmission ID A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; HONG-KONG; GULLS; EVOLUTION; CHICKENS; DUCKS AB In 2004, a low pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus (A/parrot/CA/6032/04) was identified in a psittacine bird for the first time in the United States. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene grouped the parrot isolate under the Mexican linea-e H5N2 viruses (subgroup B) with highest similarity to recent chicken-origin isolates from Guatemala. Antigenic analysis further confirmed the close relatedness of the parrot isolate to Mexican lineage viruses, the highest cross-reactivity being demonstrated to Guatemala isolates. In vivo studies of the parrot isolate in chickens, ducks and turkeys showed that the virus, though did not cause any clinical signs, could replicate to high titers in these birds and efficiently transmit to contact control cage mates. The possibility that the parrot harboring the virus was introduced into the United States as a result of illegal trade across the border provides additional concern for the movement of foreign animal diseases from neighboring countries. Considering the potential threat of the virus to domestic poultry, efforts should be continued to prevent the entry and spread of influenza viruses by imposing effective surveillance and monitoring measures. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pillai, S. P. S.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Pillai, S. P. S.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Suarez, D. L.; Pantin-Jackwood, M.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM lee.2854@osu.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAY 25 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.003 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 302SX UT WOS:000255990700005 PM 18077111 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Brandeis, TJ Lugo, AE Kennaway, T AF Helmer, E. H. Brandeis, Thomas J. Lugo, Ariel E. Kennaway, Todd TI Factors influencing spatial pattern in tropical forest clearance and stand age: Implications for carbon storage and species diversity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MONTANE CLOUD FOREST; LAND-USE CHANGES; PUERTO-RICO; ABANDONED PASTURES; SECONDARY FOREST; POPULATION-GROWTH; PRIVATE FORESTRY; URBAN EXPANSION; COSTA-RICA; SUCCESSION AB Little is known about the tropical forests that undergo clearing as urban/built-up and other developed lands spread. This study uses remote sensing-based maps of Puerto Rico, multinomial logit models and forest inventory data to explain patterns of forest age and the age of forests cleared for land development and assess their implications for forest carbon storage and tree species richness. Accessibility, arability and spatial contagion emerge strongly as overriding spatial controls on tropical forest age, determining (1) the pattern of agricultural abandonment that permits forest regrowth, and (2) where humans leave old-growth forest remnants. Covariation between the factors patterning forest age and land development explains why most forest cleared for land development is younger. Forests are increasingly younger in more accessible and fertile areas where agriculture has lasted longer and land development is most common. All else equal, more species-rich older forest on less arable lands are somewhat less likely to undergo development, but they are still vulnerable to clearing for land development if close to urban centers and unprotected. Accounting for forest age leads to a 19% lower estimate of forest biomass cleared for land development than if forest age is not accounted for. C1 [Helmer, E. H.; Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00913 USA. [Brandeis, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Kennaway, Todd] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00913 USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G2 AR G02S04 DI 10.1029/2007JG000568 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 304WK UT WOS:000256139600001 ER PT J AU Heilman, P Nichols, MH Goodrich, DC Miller, SN Guertin, DP AF Heilman, P. Nichols, M. H. Goodrich, D. C. Miller, S. N. Guertin, D. P. TI Geographic information systems database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The geographic information systems (GIS) database complementing the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) special section papers in this issue of Water Resources Research is described. Spatial data layers discussed here will be especially useful to modelers interested in simulating the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall, runoff, erosion, and sedimentation processes on the WGEW. All data are available as either images or individual GIS data layers (vector or raster format) via the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/. Standard metadata are provided with attending projection information and restrictions on use. C1 [Heilman, P.; Nichols, M. H.; Goodrich, D. C.] SW Watershed Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Guertin, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Landscape Studies Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Miller, S. N.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Heilman, P (reprint author), SW Watershed Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM phil.heilman@ars.ag.gov; snmiller@uwyo.edu; phil@srnr.arizona.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S11 DI 10.1029/2006WR005777 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304YA UT WOS:000256143800001 ER PT J AU Woodcock, CE Allen, R Anderson, M Belward, A Bindschadler, R Cohen, W Gao, F Goward, SN Helder, D Helmer, E Nemani, R Oreopoulos, L Schott, J Thenkabail, PS Vermote, EF Vogelmann, J Wulder, MA Wynne, R AF Woodcock, Curtis E. Allen, Richard Anderson, Martha Belward, Alan Bindschadler, Robert Cohen, Warren Gao, Feng Goward, Samuel N. Helder, Dennis Helmer, Eileen Nemani, Rama Oreopoulos, Lazaros Schott, John Thenkabail, Prasad S. Vermote, Eric F. Vogelmann, James Wulder, Michael A. Wynne, Randolph CA Landsat Sci Team TI Free access to Landsat imagery SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Allen, Richard] Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Belward, Alan] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Global Environm Monitoring Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Bindschadler, Robert; Gao, Feng; Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cohen, Warren] USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goward, Samuel N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Helder, Dennis] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Helmer, Eileen] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schott, John] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Vermote, Eric F.] IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Vogelmann, James] USGS EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wulder, Michael A.] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Wynne, Randolph] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Woodcock, CE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM curtis@bu.edu RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016; OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 0 TC 198 Z9 205 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5879 BP 1011 EP 1011 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 303RY UT WOS:000256059800013 PM 18497274 ER PT J AU Tylutki, TP Fox, DG Durbal, VM Tedeschi, LO Russell, JB Van Amburgh, ME Overton, TR Chase, LE Pell, AN AF Tylutki, T. P. Fox, D. G. Durbal, V. M. Tedeschi, L. O. Russell, J. B. Van Amburgh, M. E. Overton, T. R. Chase, L. E. Pell, A. N. TI Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: A model for precision feeding of dairy cattle SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modeling; simulation; cattle; nutrient; requirement; supply; rumen ID REQUIREMENTS; COWS; ENERGY; DIETS; FERMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM; LACTATION; ADEQUACY; FORAGES AB The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) predicts cattle requirements and nutrient supply for site-specific situations. This paper describes the CNCPS version 6 (CNCPSv6), which represents a re-engineering and updating of CNCPS version 5 with the following objectives: (1) improve the organization of the model and user interface to improve speed and accuracy in formulating diets for a herd of dairy cattle, (2) expand the carbohydrate pools to include sugars, soluble fibers, and organic and volatile fatty acids, (3) integrate a fat model to account for ruminal lypolization and biohydrogenation, and absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine, and (4) update the computational sub-models with new information. The CNCPSv6 model was re-designed using object-oriented programming in which physiological functions (e.g. growth, lactation, pregnancy) and anatomical compartments (e.g. rumen, intestines) were programmed as objects. The interface uses farm, location, and group flow, which decreases the number of inputs required per cattle group and allows for more rapid evaluation of diets, feed requirements, and nutrient excretion by location, group, and herd. The revised implementation of the body reserves sub-model allows accounting for fluxes in energy reserves when formulating diets. Updated equations and coefficients include the prediction of rumen ammonia balance and feed passage rates, indigestible DM, MP lactation efficiency, and DMI. The CNCPSv6 was evaluated with data from individually fed lactating dairy cows from three independent studies. As implemented, CNCPSv6 accounted for a similar proportion of the variation (86%) in first limiting (ME or MP) milk production as CNCPSv5 but with a lower bias (1% versus 4%, respectively). We concluded the re-designing and updating of the CNCPS improved its ability to formulate and evaluate a feeding program for a herd of dairy cattle with greater accuracy and efficiency. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tylutki, T. P.; Fox, D. G.; Durbal, V. M.; Van Amburgh, M. E.; Overton, T. R.; Chase, L. E.; Pell, A. N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tedeschi, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Russell, J. B.] ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tylutki, TP (reprint author), AMTS LLC, 418 Davis Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM tom@agmodelsystems.com RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016 OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911 NR 32 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 174 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.010 PG 29 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 321HS UT WOS:000257295900010 ER PT J AU Ogden, NH St-Onge, L Barker, IK Brazeau, S Bigras-Poulin, M Charron, DF Francis, CM Heagy, A Lindsay, LR Maarouf, A Michel, P Milord, F O'Callaghan, CJ Trudel, L Thompson, RA AF Ogden, Nicholas H. St-Onge, Laurie Barker, Ian K. Brazeau, Stephanie Bigras-Poulin, Michel Charron, Dominique F. Francis, Charles M. Heagy, Audrey Lindsay, L. Robbin Maarouf, Abdel Michel, Pascal Milord, Francois O'Callaghan, Christopher J. Trudel, Louise Thompson, R. Alex TI Risk maps for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis, in Canada now and with climate change SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LONG POINT; IXODIDAE; MODEL; ACARI; HABITAT; BABESIOSIS; SURVIVAL AB Background: Lyme disease is the commonest vector-borne zoonosis in the temperate world, and an emerging infectious disease in Canada due to expansion of the geographic range of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis. Studies suggest that climate change will accelerate Lyme disease emergence by enhancing climatic suitability for I. scapularis. Risk maps will help to meet the public health challenge of Lyme disease by allowing targeting of surveillance and intervention activities. Results: A risk map for possible Lyme endemicity was created using a simple risk algorithm for occurrence of I. scapularis populations. The algorithm was calculated for each census sub-division in central and eastern Canada from interpolated output of a temperature-driven simulation model of I. scapularis populations and an index of tick immigration. The latter was calculated from estimates of tick dispersion distances by migratory birds and recent knowledge of the current geographic range of endemic I. scapularis populations. The index of tick immigration closely predicted passive surveillance data on I. scapularis occurrence, and the risk algorithm was a significant predictor of the occurrence of I. scapularis populations in a prospective field study. Risk maps for I. scapularis occurrence in Canada under future projected climate (in the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s) were produced using temperature output from the Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model 2 with greenhouse gas emission scenario enforcing 'A2' of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Conclusion: We have prepared risk maps for the occurrence of I. scapularis in eastern and central Canada under current and future projected climate. Validation of the risk maps provides some confidence that they provide a useful first step in predicting the occurrence of I. scapularis populations, and directing public health objectives in minimizing risk from Lyme disease. Further field studies are needed, however, to continue validation and refinement of the risk maps. C1 [Ogden, Nicholas H.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Food Borne Environm & Zoonot Infect Dis, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. [Ogden, Nicholas H.; Bigras-Poulin, Michel] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Grp Rech Epidemiol Zoonoses & Sante Publ, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [St-Onge, Laurie; Brazeau, Stephanie; Michel, Pascal] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. [Barker, Ian K.] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Charron, Dominique F.] Int Dev Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Francis, Charles M.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Populat Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Heagy, Audrey] Bird Studies Canada, Port Rowan, ON, Canada. [Lindsay, L. Robbin] Natl Microbiol Lab, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Special Pathogens Div, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Milord, Francois] Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Longueuil, PQ, Canada. [O'Callaghan, Christopher J.] Queens Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Trudel, Louise] Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Lab Sante Publ Quebec, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Thompson, R. Alex] Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA APHIS, Vet Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ogden, NH (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Food Borne Environm & Zoonot Infect Dis, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. EM nicholas.ogden@umontreal.ca; laurie_st-onge@phac-aspc.gc.ca; ibarker@ovc.uoguelph.ca; stephanie_brazeau@phac-aspc.gc.ca; michel.bigras.poulin@umontreal.ca; dcharron@idrc.ca; charles.francis@ec.gc.ca; aheagy@bsc-eoc.org; robbin_lindsay@phac-aspc.gc.ca; abdel.maarouf@utoronto.ca; pascal_michel@phac-aspc.gc.ca; f.milord@rrsss16.gouv.qc.ca; cjo1@post.queensu.ca; louise.trudel@inspq.qc.ca; Alex.Thompson@aphis.usda.gov RI Michel, Pascal/C-6134-2011 NR 40 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 8 U2 84 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 24 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-7-24 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 334PK UT WOS:000258233500002 PM 18498647 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH Shelby, KS Long, S AF Grasela, James J. McIntosh, Arthur H. Shelby, Kent S. Long, Steve TI Isolation and characterization of a baculovirus associated with the insect parasitoid wasp, Cotesia marginiventris, or its host, Trichoplusia ni SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TnMNPV/CmBCL9; polh; egt; p10; AfMNPV; Anagrapha falcifera; split-graphs network ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; CELL-LINES; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; NOCTUIDAE; EVOLUTIONARY; PLUTELLIDAE; INFECTIVITY; GENES AB A multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MNPV) was isolated from Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae that had been stung by the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The wild type virus was plaque purified by infecting a Heliothis subflexa (BCIRL-HsAM1) cell line and isolating several clones. The mean estimated genomic size of this virus based on PstI, BstEII, StyI, HindIII restriction profiles was estimated to be 106 +/- 2.5 kbp (mean +/- SE). A clone designated as TnMNPV/CmBCL9 was used in bioassays against several lepidopteran pests and in comparative studies with the baculoviruses AcMNPV, AgMNPV, AfMNPV, PxMNPV and HzSNPV of Autographa californica, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Anagrapha falcifera, Plutella xylostella, and Helicoverpa zea, respectively. Infectivity studies showed that TnMNPV/CmBCL9 was highly infectious for Heliothis subflexa and T. ni, with an LC50 value 0.07 occlusion bodies/mm(2) in both species and also infectious for H. zea and Heliothis virescens with LC50 values of 0.22 and 0.27 occlusion bodies/mm(2), respectively. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the isolate and selected baculoviruses revealed profiles that were very similar to AfMNPV but different from the restriction endonuclease profiles of the other baculoviruses. Hybridization studies suggest that the TnMNPV/CmBCL9 was closely related to AfMNPV and AcMNPV-HPP. Further support for this comes from a phylogenetic analysis employing a split-graphs network, comparing the polh, egt, and p10 genes from TnMNPV/CmBCL9 with those from other baculoviruses and suggests that this virus is closely related to the AcMNPV variants, AfMNPV and RoMNPV of Rachiplusia ou. C1 [Grasela, James J.; McIntosh, Arthur H.; Shelby, Kent S.; Long, Steve] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Grasela, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Prov Rd,Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu; McIntoshA@missouri.edu; Kent.Shelby@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 42 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308ZC UT WOS:000256428400001 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Woods, KK Sessa, D Biswas, A AF Selling, Gordon W. Woods, Kristen Kruger Sessa, David Biswas, Atanu TI Electrospun zein fibers using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking reagent: Effect of time and temperature SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; electrospinning; fibers; glutaraldehyde; zein ID SECONDARY; SOLVENT; PROTEIN; FILMS; CORN AB Glutaraldehyde was used as a crosslinking reagent to produce electrospun zein fibers with improved physical properties and solvent resistance. Using 8% glutaraldehyde, round and ribbon fibers were produced with diameters between 1 and 70 mu m. All fibers readily dissolved in acetic acid. Heating the zein/glutaraldehyde fibers at temperatures from 80 to 180 degrees C for different times provided various degrees of insolubility to the fibers. A model was developed relating the extent of dissolution with the amount of glutaraldehyde used and the temperature/time at which the fiber was exposed. The fibers were found to be birefringent; upon heating, the amount of alpha-helix in the fiber was reduced. C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Woods, Kristen Kruger; Sessa, David; Biswas, Atanu] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 209 IS 10 BP 1003 EP 1011 DI 10.1002/macp.200700606 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 310CQ UT WOS:000256506900002 ER PT J AU Skirvin, S Kidwell, M Biedenbender, S Henley, JP King, D Collins, CH Moran, S Weltz, M AF Skirvin, Susan Kidwell, Mary Biedenbender, Sharon Henley, J. P. King, Donna Collins, Chandra Holifield Moran, Susan Weltz, Mark TI Vegetation data, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER; RUNOFF AB The U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) is an outdoor laboratory located in southeastern Arizona to study water and soil conservation in semiarid lands. Permanent vegetation transects were established adjacent to 55 rain gauges within WGEW in 1967 to quantify vegetation. Some sites were subsequently added or dropped. Detailed vegetation data were collected in 1967, 1994-2000, and 2005, including repeat photography of transects. Ground cover data were collected after 1967. A vegetation map was developed in 2002. The transect sites, vegetation map, data collection methods, and current data availability are described. Data are available at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/. C1 [Skirvin, Susan] Univ Arizona, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Skirvin, Susan] Kriyah Consultants LLC, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kidwell, Mary; Collins, Chandra Holifield; Moran, Susan] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Biedenbender, Sharon] US Forest Serv, Coronado Natl Forest, USDA, Hereford, AZ 85615 USA. [Henley, J. P.] USA, Corp Engineers, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [King, Donna] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Weltz, Mark] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD USA. [Weltz, Mark] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Skirvin, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Min & Geol Engn, 1235 E James E Rogers Way,Room 229,POB 210012, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sskirvin@ag.arizona.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S08 DI 10.1029/2006WR005724 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304XZ UT WOS:000256143700001 ER PT J AU Yatheendradas, S Wagener, T Gupta, H Unkrich, C Goodrich, D Schaffner, M Stewart, A AF Yatheendradas, Soni Wagener, Thorsten Gupta, Hoshin Unkrich, Carl Goodrich, David Schaffner, Mike Stewart, Anne TI Understanding uncertainty in distributed flash flood forecasting for semiarid regions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGIC MODEL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; RADAR HYDROLOGY; RUNOFF; IDENTIFICATION; CALIBRATION; ARIZONA; SOIL; EUTROPHICATION; METHODOLOGY AB Semiarid flash floods pose a significant danger for life and property in many dry regions around the world. One effective way to mitigate flood risk lies in implementing a real-time forecast and warning system based on a rainfall-runoff model. This study used a semiarid, physics-based, and spatially distributed watershed model driven by high-resolution radar rainfall input to evaluate such a system. The predictive utility of the model and dominant sources of uncertainty were investigated for several runoff events within the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed located in the southwestern United States. Sources of uncertainty considered were rainfall estimates, watershed model parameters, and initial soil moisture conditions. Results derived through a variance-based comprehensive global sensitivity analysis indicated that the high predictive uncertainty in the modeled response was heavily dominated by biases in the radar rainfall depth estimates. Key model parameters and initial model states were identified, and we generally found that modeled hillslope characteristics are more influential than channel characteristics in small semiarid basins. We also observed an inconsistency in the parameter sets identified as behavioral for different events, which suggests that model calibration to historical data is unlikely to consistently improve predictive performance for different events and that real-time parameter updating may be preferable. C1 [Yatheendradas, Soni] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gupta, Hoshin; Stewart, Anne] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Unkrich, Carl; Goodrich, David] USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schaffner, Mike] Natl Weather Serv, Binghamton Weather Foreacst Off, Johnson City, NY 13790 USA. RP Yatheendradas, S (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 801 Leroy Pl,MSEC, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM soni@nmt.edu RI Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 66 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S19 DI 10.1029/2007WR005940 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304XZ UT WOS:000256143700002 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI New Cryptodacus (Diptera : Tephritidae) from Panama, with a key to the known species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Cryptodacus; Tephritidae; Carpomyini; fruit flies; taxonomy AB Cryptodacus trinotatus Norrbom & Korytkowski, new species, and C. univittatus Norrbom & Korytkowski, new species, are described from Panama. New distribution records are reported for C. obliquus Hendel ( Panama), C. ornatus Norrbom (Ecuador), and C. tau (Foote) (Costa Rica). A key to the species of the genus is provided. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.] Univ Panama, Programa Maestria Entomol, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov; cheslavok@cableonda.net NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 21 PY 2008 IS 1773 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 303LB UT WOS:000256040900003 ER PT J AU Mckay, SD Schnabel, RD Murdoch, BM Matukumalli, LK Aerts, J Coppieters, W Crews, D Dias, E Gill, CA Gao, C Mannen, H Wang, ZQ Van Tassell, CP Williams, JL Taylor, JF Moore, SS AF Mckay, Stephanie D. Schnabel, Robert D. Murdoch, Brenda M. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Aerts, Jan Coppieters, Wouter Crews, Denny Dias Neto, Emmanuel Gill, Clare A. Gao, Chuan Mannen, Hideyuki Wang, Zhiquan Van Tassell, Curt P. Williams, John L. Taylor, Jeremy F. Moore, Stephen S. TI An assessment of population structure in eight breeds of cattle using a whole genome SNP panel SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; EUROPEAN CATTLE; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; DNA VARIATION; BOS-TAURUS; LINKAGE; LOCI; PROBABILITIES; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE AB Background: Analyses of population structure and breed diversity have provided insight into the origin and evolution of cattle. Previously, these studies have used a low density of microsatellite markers, however, with the large number of single nucleotide polymorphism markers that are now available, it is possible to perform genome wide population genetic analyses in cattle. In this study, we used a high-density panel of SNP markers to examine population structure and diversity among eight cattle breeds sampled from Bos indicus and Bos taurus. Results: Two thousand six hundred and forty one single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) spanning all of the bovine autosomal genome were genotyped in Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Dutch Black and White Dairy, Holstein, Japanese Black, Limousin and Nelore cattle. Population structure was examined using the linkage model in the program STRUCTURE and Fst estimates were used to construct a neighbor-joining tree to represent the phylogenetic relationship among these breeds. Conclusion: The whole-genome SNP panel identified several levels of population substructure in the set of examined cattle breeds. The greatest level of genetic differentiation was detected between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds. When the Bos indicus breeds were excluded from the analysis, genetic differences among beef versus dairy and European versus Asian breeds were detected among the Bos taurus breeds. Exploration of the number of SNP loci required to differentiate between breeds showed that for 100 SNP loci, individuals could only be correctly clustered into breeds 50% of the time, thus a large number of SNP markers are required to replace the 30 microsatellite markers that are currently commonly used in genetic diversity studies. C1 [Mckay, Stephanie D.; Murdoch, Brenda M.; Crews, Denny; Wang, Zhiquan; Williams, John L.; Moore, Stephen S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mckay, Stephanie D.; Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Van Tassell, Curt P.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. [Aerts, Jan] Roslin Inst, Div Genet & Genom, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Coppieters, Wouter] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Genet, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Crews, Denny] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Dias Neto, Emmanuel] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Inst Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Dias Neto, Emmanuel] Genoa Biotecnol S A, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Gill, Clare A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mannen, Hideyuki] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Lab Anim Breeding & Genet, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Williams, John L.] Polo Univ, Lodi, Italy. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM mckaysd@missouri.edu; schnabelr@missouri.edu; Brenda.Murdoch@afhe.ualberta.ca; lmatukum@anri.barc.usda.gov; jan.aerts@bbsrc.ac.uk; wouter.coppieters@ulg.ac.be; DCrews@AGR.GC.CA; emmanuel@usp.br; clare-gill@ansc.tamu.edu; chuangao@neo.tamu.edu; mannen@kobe-u.ac.jp; Zhiquan.Wang@afhe.ualberta.ca; curtvt@aipl.arsusda.gov; john.williams@tecnoparco.org; taylorjerr@missouri.edu; Stephen.Moore@afhe.ualberta.ca RI Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; Oncogenomica, Inct/H-9999-2013; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel/A-5869-2008; OI Dias-Neto, Emmanuel/0000-0001-5670-8559; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Gill, Clare/0000-0003-2640-1825; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B13454] NR 24 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 37 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-9-37 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 308FJ UT WOS:000256373400001 PM 18492244 ER PT J AU Taris, N Lang, RP Camara, MD AF Taris, Nicolas Lang, Robert P. Camara, Mark D. TI Sequence polymorphism can produce serious artefacts in real-time PCR assays: hard lessons from Pacific oysters SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RT-PCR; QUANTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Background: Since it was first described in the mid-1990s, quantitative real time PCR (Q-PCR) has been widely used in many fields of biomedical research and molecular diagnostics. This method is routinely used to validate whole transcriptome analyses such as DNA microarrays, suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) or differential display techniques such as cDNA-AFLP (Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism). Despite efforts to optimize the methodology, misleading results are still possible, even when standard optimization approaches are followed. Results: As part of a larger project aimed at elucidating transcriptome-level responses of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to various environmental stressors, we used microarrays and cDNA-AFLP to identify Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) fragments that are differentially expressed in response to bacterial challenge in two heat shock tolerant and two heat shock sensitive full-sib oyster families. We then designed primers for these differentially expressed ESTs in order to validate the results using Q-PCR. For two of these ESTs we tested fourteen primer pairs each and using standard optimization methods (i.e. melt-curve analysis to ensure amplification of a single product), determined that of the fourteen primer pairs tested, six and nine pairs respectively amplified a single product and were thus acceptable for further testing. However, when we used these primers, we obtained different statistical outcomes among primer pairs, raising unexpected but serious questions about their reliability. We hypothesize that as a consequence of high levels of sequence polymorphism in Pacific oysters, Q-PCR amplification is sub-optimal in some individuals because sequence variants in priming sites results in poor primer binding and amplification in some individuals. This issue is similar to the high frequency of null alleles observed for microsatellite markers in Pacific oysters. Conclusion: This study highlights potential difficulties for using Q-PCR as a validation tool for transcriptome analysis in the presence of sequence polymorphism and emphasizes the need for extreme caution and thorough primer testing when assaying genetically diverse biological materials such as Pacific oysters. Our findings suggest that melt-curve analysis alone may not be sufficient as a mean of identifying acceptable Q-PCR primers. Minimally, testing numerous primer pairs seems to be necessary to avoid false conclusions from flawed Q-PCR assays for which sequence variation among individuals produces artifactual and unreliable quantitative results. C1 [Taris, Nicolas; Camara, Mark D.] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lang, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Taris, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM nicolas.taris@oregonstate.edu; langr@onid.orst.edu; mark.camara@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 234 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-234 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 315ZR UT WOS:000256919200001 PM 18492266 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LB Cello, PA Vionnet, CA Goodrich, D AF Rodriguez, Leticia B. Cello, Pablo A. Vionnet, Carlos A. Goodrich, David TI Fully conservative coupling of HEC-RAS with MODFLOW to simulate stream - aquifer interactions in a drainage basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater-surface water interaction; hydrologic modelling; MODFLOW; HEC-RAS ID NONLINEAR BOUSSINESQ EQUATION; BANK STORAGE; RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; WATER; GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; KANSAS; FLOW AB This work describes the application of a methodology designed to improve the representation of water surface profiles along open drain channels within the framework of regional groundwater modelling. The proposed methodology employs an iterative procedure that combines two public domain computational codes, MODFLOW and HEC-RAS. In spite of its known versatility, MODFLOW contains several limitations to reproduce elevation profiles of the free surface along open drain channels. The Drain Module available within MODFLOW simulates groundwater flow to open drain channels as a linear function of the difference between the hydraulic head in the aquifer and the hydraulic head in the drain, where it considers a static representation of water surface profiles along drains. The proposed methodology developed herein uses HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional. (1D) computer code for open surface water calculations, to iteratively estimate hydraulic profiles along drain channels in order to improve the aquifer/drain interaction process. The approach is first validated with a simple closed analytical solution where it is shown that a Piccard iteration is enough to produce a numerically convergent and mass preserving solution. The methodology is then applied to the groundwater/surface water system of the Choele Choel Island, in the Patagonian region of Argentina. Smooth and realistic hydraulic profiles along drains are obtained while backwater effects are clearly represented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez, Leticia B.; Vionnet, Carlos A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cello, Pablo A.] Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Hidr, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. [Goodrich, David] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Rodriguez, LB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM leticia@fich1.unl.edu.ar RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 300EA UT WOS:000255805900009 ER PT J AU Del Cacho, E Gallego, M Lopez-Bernard, F Sanchez-Acedo, C Lillehoj, HS AF Del Cacho, Emilio Gallego, Margarita Lopez-Bernard, Femando Sanchez-Acedo, Caridad Lillehoj, Hyun S. TI Isolation of chicken follicular dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE follicular dendritic cell; isolation procedure; CD45; chicken FDC ID AVIAN MACROPHAGE; HARDERIAN-GLAND; GERMINAL CENTER; BONE-MARROW; B-CELLS; LOCALIZATION; ANTIGEN; FC; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION AB The aim of the present study was to isolate chicken follicular dendritic cells (FDC). A combination of methods involving panning, iodixanol density gradient centrifugation, and magnetic cell separation technology made it possible to obtain functional FDC from the cecal tonsils from chickens, which had been infected with Eimeria tenella. CD45(-) dendritic cells were selected using the specific monoclonal antibody against chicken CD45, which is a marker for chicken leukocytes, but is not expressed on chicken FDC. Isolated FDC were characterized morphologically, phenotypically and functionally. The phenotype of the selected cells was consistent with FDC in that they expressed IgG, IgM, complement factors C3 and B, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, but lacked cell surface markers characteristic of macrophages, T-, and B cells. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed their characteristic dendritic morphology. In addition, the identity of the FDC was further confirmed by their ability to trap chicken immune complexes (ICs) on their surface, whereas they did not trap naive antigen (ovalbumin) or ICs generated with mammalian immunoglobulins. Co-culturing allogeneic or autologous isolated FDC with B cells resulted in enhanced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production. The lack of MHC restriction, a functional characteristic feature of FDC, further reinforces the identity of the isolated cells as chicken FDC. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Del Cacho, Emilio; Gallego, Margarita; Lopez-Bernard, Femando; Sanchez-Acedo, Caridad] Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Anim Pathol, Zaragoza, Spain. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Del Cacho, E (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Anim Pathol, Zaragoza, Spain. EM edelcach@unizar.es NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2008.02.001 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 302UF UT WOS:000255994500007 PM 18374351 ER PT J AU Collins, CDH Emmerich, WE Moran, MS Hernandez, M Scott, RL Bryant, RB King, DM Verdugo, CL AF Collins, C. D. Holifield Emmerich, W. E. Moran, M. S. Hernandez, M. Scott, R. L. Bryant, R. B. King, D. M. Verdugo, C. L. TI A remote sensing approach for estimating distributed daily net carbon dioxide flux in semiarid grasslands SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; CO2 FLUX; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; VEGETATION INDEX; SOIL RESPIRATION; UNITED-STATES; SCALE CARBON; LANDSAT TM; FOREST; TEMPERATURE AB Semiarid systems compose a significant portion of the world's terrestrial area and may play an important role in the global carbon cycle. A model was developed using the relation between surface reflectance and temperature obtained from satellite imagery to determine a Water Deficit Index (WDI) that estimated distributed plant transpiration, and by extension carbon dioxide (CO(2)) flux, for a point in time. Relationships were developed to scale these instantaneous flux measurements up to daytime estimates, which were then used to obtain measures of nighttime flux. Satellite images were acquired for a 5-year period (1996-2000) during which transpiration and net CO(2) flux were measured for a semiarid grassland site in southeastern Arizona. Manual and automatic chamber data were also collected at the same site during the monsoon growing seasons of 2005 and 2006 and used to develop the relationship between and daytime and nighttime CO(2) flux. Strong linear relationships were found between WDI-derived instantaneous and daytime net CO(2) flux estimates (R(2) = 0.97), and between daytime and nighttime fluxes (R(2) = 0.88). These relations were used to generate maps of distributed total daily net CO(2) flux. The error for the model was within the range of error inherent in the data sets used to create it and remained reasonable when used with WDI values less than 0.9. This study demonstrated that remote sensing can offer a physically based means of obtaining daily net CO(2) flux in semiarid grasslands. C1 [Collins, C. D. Holifield; Emmerich, W. E.; Moran, M. S.; Hernandez, M.; Scott, R. L.; Bryant, R. B.; Verdugo, C. L.] Agr Res Serv, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [King, D. M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Collins, CDH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S17 DI 10.1029/2006WR005699 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304XW UT WOS:000256143400001 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Emmerich, WE Goodrich, DC Heilman, P Collins, CDH Keefer, TO Nearing, MA Nichols, MH Renard, KG Scott, RL Smith, JR Stone, JJ Unkrich, CL Wong, J AF Moran, M. Susan Emmerich, William E. Goodrich, David C. Heilman, Philip Collins, Chandra D. Holifield Keefer, Timothy O. Nearing, Mark A. Nichols, Mary H. Renard, Kenneth G. Scott, Russell L. Smith, John R. Stone, Jeffry J. Unkrich, Carl L. Wong, Jason TI Preface to special section on fifty years of research and data collection: US Department of Agriculture Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This special section of Water Resources Research and the associated Web site (http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/) describe 50 years of data collection and the most recent research results at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeast Arizona. The goal of this compilation is to encourage cooperative, interdisciplinary studies of semiarid ecohydrology at WGEW based on continuing long-term measurements of soils, vegetation, hydrology, and climate. C1 [Moran, M. Susan; Emmerich, William E.; Goodrich, David C.; Heilman, Philip; Collins, Chandra D. Holifield; Keefer, Timothy O.; Nearing, Mark A.; Nichols, Mary H.; Renard, Kenneth G.; Scott, Russell L.; Smith, John R.; Stone, Jeffry J.; Unkrich, Carl L.; Wong, Jason] Agr Res Serv, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S01 DI 10.1029/2007WR006083 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304XW UT WOS:000256143400003 ER PT J AU Toro, H Tang, DCC Suarez, DL Zhang, JF Shi, ZK AF Toro, Haroldo Tang, De-chu C. Suarez, David L. Zhang, Jianfeng Shi, Zhongkai TI Protection of chickens against avian influenza with non-replicating adenovirus-vectored vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; vaccine; adenovirus ID CODON OPTIMIZATION; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; VIRUS; H5; SPECIFICITY; HERPESVIRUS; EFFICACY; CELLS; MICE AB Protective immunity against avian influenza (Al) virus was elicited in chickens by single-dose vaccination with a replication competent adenovirus (RCA)-free human adenovirus (Ad) vector encoding an H7 Al hemagglutinin (AdChNY94.H7). Chickens vaccinated in ovo with an Ad vector encoding an Al H5 (AdTW68.H5) previously described, which were subsequently vaccinated intramuscularly with AdChNY94.H7 post-hatch, responded with robust antibody titers against both the H5 and H7 Al proteins. Antibody responses to Ad vector in ovo vaccination follow a dose-response kinetic. The use of a synthetic Al H5 gene codon optimized to match the chicken cell tRNA pool was more potent than the cognate H5 gene. The use of Ad-vectored vaccines to increase resistance of chicken populations against multiple At strains could reduce the risk of an avian-originating influenza pandemic in humans. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Toro, Haroldo] Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tang, De-chu C.; Zhang, Jianfeng; Shi, Zhongkai] Vaxin Inc, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. [Suarez, David L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Toro, H (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, 264 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM torohar@auburn.edu; tang@vaxin.corn; David.Suarez@ars.usda.gov; zhang@vaxin.com; shi@vaxin.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R43 AI 068285-01, R43 AI068285, R43 AI068285-01] NR 21 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 21 BP 2640 EP 2646 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.056 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 307RC UT WOS:000256335000010 PM 18384919 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ Gonzalez, G AF Vandenberg, Natalia J. Gonzalez, Guillermo TI A new Chilean species of Cycloneda Crotch (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae : Coccinellinae : Coccinellini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Cycloneda; new species; key; South America; Chile AB Cycloneda pretiosa, new species is described from Lago Pirihueico in southern Chile The species is diagnosed and compared with both related and superficially similar species. Habitus and genitalic characters are illustrated. Geographical and temporal data are given. The new species is assigned to the Cycloneda germainii species complex and integrated into the key to species of this group (Gonzalez and Vandenberg, 2006). C1 [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC USA. EM Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov; willogonzalez@yahoo.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 19 PY 2008 IS 1772 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 303LA UT WOS:000256040800003 ER PT J AU Goodrich, DC Unkrich, CL Keefer, TO Nichols, MH Stone, JJ Levick, LR Scott, RL AF Goodrich, D. C. Unkrich, C. L. Keefer, T. O. Nichols, M. H. Stone, J. J. Levick, L. R. Scott, R. L. TI Event to multidecadal persistence in rainfall and runoff in southeast Arizona SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WALNUT GULCH; STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; TRENDS; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; SCALE; BASIN AB Spatial and temporal rainfall variability over watersheds directly impacts the hydrologic response over virtually all watershed scales. Changes in the precipitation regime over decades due to some combination of inherent local variability and climate change may contribute to changes in vegetation, water supply, and, over longer timescales, landscape evolution. Daily, seasonal, and annual precipitation volumes and intensities from the dense network of rain gauges on the Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeast Arizona are evaluated for multidecadal trends in amount and intensity over a range of watershed scales (1.5 ha to 149 km(2)) using observations from 1956 to 2006. Rainfall and runoff volume and rate variability are compared over the same spatial scales over a 40 year period (1966-2006). The major findings of this study are that spatial variability of cumulative precipitation decreases exponentially with time, and, on average, became spatially uniform after 20 years of precipitation accumulation. The spatial variability of high-intensity, runoff-producing precipitation also decreased exponentially, but the variability was still well above the measurement error after 51 years. There were no significant temporal trends in basin scale precipitation. A long-term decrease in runoff from 1966 to 1998 from ephemeral tributaries like the WGEW may be a critical factor in decreasing summer flows in the larger San Pedro due to changes in higher-intensity, runoff-producing rainfall. C1 [Goodrich, D. C.; Unkrich, C. L.; Keefer, T. O.; Nichols, M. H.; Stone, J. J.; Levick, L. R.; Scott, R. L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 17 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S14 DI 10.1029/2007WR006222 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 303TU UT WOS:000256064600002 ER PT J AU Shogren, R AF Shogren, Randal TI Scandium triflate catalyzed acetylation of starch at low to moderate temperatures SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; scandium triflate; acetylation ID ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION; ACID ANHYDRIDES; RAW-MATERIALS; ESTERS; GRANULES; TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE; ACYLATION; ACETATES; ALCOHOLS; AMYLOSE AB Scandium (III) trifluoromethane sulfonate (Sc(OTf)(3)) was investigated as a catalyst for the acetylation of starch in order to determine the potential for preparing new types of starch esters under mild (low to moderate temperature) conditions. At room temperature, dry granular corn starch reacts with acetic anhydride in the presence of Sc(OTf)(3) to form starches highly acetylated on the granular surface only. At higher temperatures (80 degrees C), starch acetates of degree of substitution (DS) 1.2 and 0.40 were obtained by reaction of granular starch with acetic anhydride or acetic acid, respectively. When starch was gelatinized in acetic acid prior to reaction, acetylation with acetic anhydride was much more rapid with DS reaching 3 after 1 h at 80 degrees C. Acetylation was rapid at levels of Sc(OTf)(3) down to 0. 1 mol%. These data suggest that powerful Lewis acid catalysts such as Sc(OTf)(3) may be useful in preparing novel starch esters using either carboxylic acids or anhydrides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Randy.Shogren@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 284HW UT WOS:000254698500011 ER PT J AU Condon, MA Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML Swensen, SM AF Condon, Marty A. Scheffer, Sonja J. Lewis, Matthew L. Swensen, Susan M. TI Hidden neotropical diversity: Greater than the sum of its parts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BLEPHARONEURA DIPTERA; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FRUIT-FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE; FORESTS; DIVERSIFICATION; CUCURBITACEAE; SPECIATION AB The diversity of tropical herbivorous insects has been explained as a direct function of plant species diversity. Testing that explanation, we reared 2857 flies from flowers and seeds of 24 species of plants from 34 neotropical sites. Samples yielded 52 morphologically similar species of flies and documented highly conserved patterns of specificity to host taxa and host parts. Widespread species of plants can support 13 species of flies. Within single populations of plants, we typically found one or more fly species specific to female flowers and multiple specialists on male flowers. We suggest that neotropical herbivorous insect diversity is not simply a function of plant taxonomic and architectural diversity, but also reflects the geographic distribution of hosts and the age and area of the neotropics. C1 [Condon, Marty A.] Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. [Condon, Marty A.; Scheffer, Sonja J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.; Lewis, Matthew L.] USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Swensen, Susan M.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Condon, MA (reprint author), Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. EM mcondon@cornellcollege.edu NR 27 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5878 BP 928 EP 931 DI 10.1126/science.1155832 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301AH UT WOS:000255868300041 PM 18487192 ER PT J AU Keefer, TO Unkrich, CL Smith, JR Goodrich, DC Moran, MS Simanton, JR AF Keefer, T. O. Unkrich, C. L. Smith, J. R. Goodrich, D. C. Moran, M. S. Simanton, J. R. TI An event-based comparison of two types of automated-recording, weighing bucket rain gauges SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; DATABASE; SCALE; BASIN AB A multiyear comparison of two types of automated-recording, weighing bucket rain gauges was conducted using precipitation data collected at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service's Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona. The comparison was part of the conversion of all rain gauges on the watershed from an analog-recording, mechanical-weighing rain gauge to a data logger controlled, digital-recording, electronic-weighing rain gauge with radiotelemetry. This comparison applied to nine pairs of analog and digital rain gauges that were in coincident operation during a 5-year period, 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2004. This study found that (1) high errors in event intensities may be produced when analog charts are digitized at short time intervals; (2) dual digital rain gauges recorded precipitation equivalently; (3) for several different measures of precipitation, the analog and digital data were equivalent; and (4) implications for the rainfall-runoff model, Kinematic and Erosion Runoff model (KINEROS), showed a limited but significant effect in modeled runoff due to differences between analog and digital rain gauge input precipitation intensities. This study provided a useful analysis for long-term rain gauge networks that have recently converted, or will soon convert, from analog to digital technology. Understanding these differences and similarities will benefit interpretation of the combined long-term precipitation record and provide insights into the impacts on hydrologic modeling. C1 [Keefer, T. O.; Unkrich, C. L.; Smith, J. R.; Goodrich, D. C.; Moran, M. S.; Simanton, J. R.] Agr Res Serv, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Keefer, TO (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S12 DI 10.1029/2006WR005841 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 303TT UT WOS:000256064500001 ER PT J AU Hu, YT Odman, MT Chang, ME Jackson, W Lee, S Edgerton, ES Baumann, K Russell, AG AF Hu, Yongtao Odman, M. Talat Chang, Michael E. Jackson, William Lee, Sangil Edgerton, Eric S. Baumann, Karsten Russell, Armistead G. TI Simulation of air quality impacts from prescribed fires on an urban area SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; WILDLAND FIRES; REGIONAL HAZE; BIOMASS FIRES; EMISSIONS; MODEL; MASS; EPISODE; GEORGIA AB On February 28, 2007, a severe smoke event caused by prescribed forest fires occurred in Atlanta, GA. Later smoke events in the southeastern metropolitan areas of the United States caused by the Georgia-Florida wild forest fires further magnified the significance of forest fire emissions and the benefits of being able to accurately predict such occurrences. By using preburning information, we utilize an operational forecasting system to simulate the potential air quality impacts from two large February 28th fires. Our "forecast" predicts that the scheduled prescribed fires would have resulted in over I million Atlanta residents being potentially exposed to fine particle matter (PM2.5) levels of 35 mu g m(-3) or higher from 4 p.m. to midnight. The simulated peak 1 h PM2.5 concentration is about 121 mu g m(-3). Our study suggests that the current air quality forecasting technology can be a useful tool for helping the management of fire activities to protect public health. With postburning information, our "hindcast" predictions improved significantly on timing and location and slightly on peak values. "Hindcast" simulations also indicated that additional isoprenoid emissions from pine species temporarily triggered by the fire could induce rapid ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation during late winter. Results from this study suggest that fire induced biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions missing from current fire emissions estimate should be included in the future. C1 [Hu, Yongtao; Odman, M. Talat; Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chang, Michael E.; Lee, Sangil] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jackson, William] USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.; Baumann, Karsten] Atomospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Hu, YT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yh29@mail.gatech.edu RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3676 EP 3682 DI 10.1021/es071703k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100038 PM 18546707 ER PT J AU Trabue, SL Scoggin, KD Li, H Burns, R Xin, HW AF Trabue, Steven L. Scoggin, Kenwood D. Li, Hong Burns, Robert Xin, Hongwei TI Field sampling method for quantifying odorants in humid environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CARBON MOLECULAR-SIEVES; EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; WATER-VAPOR; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SORBENT TUBES AB Most air quality studies in agricultural environments use thermal desorption analysis for quantifying semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with odor. The objective of this study was to develop a robust sampling technique for measuring SVOCs in humid environments. Test atmospheres were generated at ambient temperatures (23 +/- 1.5 degrees C) and 25, 50, and 80% relative humidity (RH). Sorbent material used included Tenax, graphitized carbon, and carbon molecular sieve (CMS). Sorbent tubes were challenged with 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 L of air at various RHs. Sorbent tubes with CMS material performed poorly at both 50 and 80% RH due to excessive sorption of water, Heating of CMS tubes during sampling or dry-purging of CMS tubes post sampling effectively reduced water sorption with heating of tubes being preferred due to the higher recovery and reproducibility. Tenax tubes had breakthrough of the more volatile compounds and tended to form artifacts with increasing volumes of air sampled. Graphitized carbon sorbent tubes containing Carbopack X and Carbopack C performed best with quantitative recovery of all compounds at all RHs and sampling volumes tested. The graphitized carbon tubes were taken to the field for further testing. Field samples taken from inside swine feeding operations showed that butanoic acid, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and 3-methylindole were the compounds detected most often above their odor threshold values. Field samples taken from a poultry facility demonstrated that butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and 4-methylphenol were the compounds above their odor threshold values detected most often. relative humidity, CAFO, VOC, SVOC, thermal desorption, swine, poultry, air quality, odor. C1 [Trabue, Steven L.; Scoggin, Kenwood D.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Hong; Burns, Robert; Xin, Hongwei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trabue, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Hong/B-3657-2011; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 39 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3745 EP 3750 DI 10.1021/es7031407 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100048 PM 18546717 ER PT J AU Phillips, RJ Waldrop, TA AF Phillips, R. J. Waldrop, T. A. TI Changes in vegetation structure and composition in response to fuel reduction treatments in the South Carolina Piedmont SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; thinning; Pinus taeda; South Carolina piedmont; species richness; non-metric multidimensional scaling ID PINE-GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; SEASON PRESCRIBED FIRE; HARDWOOD FOREST; FERTILIZATION; TEXAS AB Fuel reduction treatments are helpful to restore ecosystem structure and function to forests that historically sustained frequent, low-intensity fires. But the impacts of these treatments on Piedmont forests are not well understood. We examined the effects of prescribed burning, thinning, and a combination of burning and thinning on community composition of Pinus taeda/Pinus echinata forests in the South Carolina Piedmont to identify changes in community structure and species composition. Overstory basal area was reduced across all treatments. The combination of thinning and burning resulted in a substantial increase in sapling density, whereas the burn-only decreased slightly after 3 years. Seedling density for all tree species increased across all treatment units during the same time span. In addition, cover of grasses and forbs increased in the burn-only and thin + burn treatments. Treatments appeared to affect understory life forms differently with the burn-only treatment encouraging forb cover while the thin + burn treatment promoted shrub and graminoid abundance. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) indicated rapid changes in understory composition for the burn-only and thin + burn treatments, whereas the thin-only treatment. showed a more gradual shift over time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phillips, R. J.; Waldrop, T. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC USA. RP Phillips, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC USA. EM rjphillips@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3107 EP 3116 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.037 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800004 ER PT J AU Waldrop, TA Yaussy, DA Phillips, RJ Hutchinson, TA Brudnak, L Boerner, REJ AF Waldrop, Thomas A. Yaussy, Daniel A. Phillips, Ross J. Hutchinson, Todd A. Brudnak, Lucy Boerner, Ralph E. J. TI Fuel reduction treatments affect stand structure of hardwood forests in Western North Carolina and Southern Ohio, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; thinning; overstory mortality; southern Appalachian Mountains; central Appalachian plateau ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; OAK FORESTS; REGENERATION; RESPONSES; INTENSITY; MOUNTAINS; AMERICA AB Prescribed fire and mechanical treatments were tested at the two hardwood sites of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study (southern and central Appalachian regions) for impacts to stand structure. After two fires and one mechanical treatment, no treatment or treatment combination restored stand structure to historical levels. Burning alone had little impact on overstory vegetation the first year after treatment but mortality continued for 4-5 years thus opening canopies. Thinning at the Ohio Hills site reduced stand basal area, but not to levels desired for restoration objectives. Chainsaw removal of the shrub layer at the southern Appalachian site reduced the midstory temporarily but promoted abundant regeneration. The combination of mechanical and burning treatments opened these dense forests the most, especially at the southern Appalachian site where hot fires killed overstory trees and promoted oak regeneration. Results from both study sites emphasize the rapid sprouting and growth of undesirable eastern species and the need for frequently-repeated treatments during the restoration phase. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Waldrop, Thomas A.; Phillips, Ross J.; Brudnak, Lucy] So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel A.; Hutchinson, Todd A.] No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. [Boerner, Ralph E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Waldrop, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 239 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM twaldrop@fs.fed.us OI Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3117 EP 3129 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.010 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800005 ER PT J AU Dodson, EK Peterson, DW Harrod, RJ AF Dodson, Erich Kyle Peterson, David W. Harrod, Richy J. TI Understory vegetation response to thinning and burning restoration treatments in dry conifer forests of the eastern Cascades, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE restoration; Pinus ponderosa; ponderosa pine; exotic species; thinning; burning; species richness ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PINE/DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; PLANT INVASIONS; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SOUTH-DAKOTA AB Restoration/fuel reduction treatments are being widely used in fire-prone forests to modify stand structure, reduce risks of severe wildfire, and increase ecosystem resilience to natural disturbances. These treatments are designed to manipulate stand structure and fuels, but may also affect understory vegetation and biodiversity. In this study, we describe prescribed fire and thinning treatment effects on understory vegetation species richness, cover, and species composition in dry coniferous forests of central Washington State, U.S.A. We applied thinning and prescribed fire treatments in factorial design to 12 large (10 ha) management units, and surveyed understory vegetation before treatment and during the second growing season after treatment completion. Many understory vegetation traits changed significantly during the treatment period, regardless of treatment applied, and changes were often proportional to pre-treatment condition. In general, cover declined and species richness increased during the treatment period. Thinning followed by prescribed fire increased species richness, particularly in areas where species richness was low initially. Thinning alone had a similar, but lesser effect. Forb richness was increased by thinning, and shrub richness was increased by the combined thin/burn treatment, but graminoid richness was unaffected. Exotic cover and richness also increased in the combined thin/burn treatment, although they constituted only a very small portion of the total understory. Understory plant cover was not affected by treatments, but did decline from pre- to post-treatment sampling, with cover losses highest in areas where cover was high prior to treatment. Forb cover increased with thinning followed by burning where forb cover was low initially. Burning reduced graminoid cover with or without thinning. Species composition varied within and among treatment units, but was not strongly or consistently affected by treatments. Our study shows that thinning and burning treatments had mostly neutral to beneficial effects on understory vegetation, with only minor increases in exotic species. However, the pre-treatment condition had strong effects on understory dynamics, and also modified some responses to treatments. The maximum benefit of restoration treatments appears to be where understory richness is low prior to treatment, suggesting restoration efforts might be focused on these areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Harrod, Richy J.] US Forest Serv, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Harrod, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM rharrod@fs.fed.us RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 NR 65 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3130 EP 3140 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.026 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800006 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Wright, CS Ottmar, RD McIver, JD AF Youngblood, Andrew Wright, Clinton S. Ottmar, Roger D. McIver, James D. TI Changes in fuelbed characteristics and resulting fire potentials after fuel reduction treatments in dry forests of the Blue Mountains, northeastern Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; fire and fire surrogate study; fire potentials; fuel characteristics; fuel characteristic classification system; fuel reduction; ponderosa pine; restoration treatments; prescribed burning; thinning ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; CROWN FIRE; FINE-ROOT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WILDLAND FUELBEDS; STAND STRUCTURE AB In many fire-prone forests in the United States, changes occurring in the last century have resulted in overstory structures, conifer densities, down woody structure and fuel loads that deviate from those described historically. With these changes, forests are presumed to be unsustainable. Broad-scale treatments are proposed to reduce fuels and promote stand development on trajectories toward more sustainable structures. Yet little research to date has identified the effects of these treatments, especially in low elevation dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests. We report initial fuelbed conditions and changes immediately and 4-6 years after fuel reduction treatments in an operational-scale, replicated (N = 4), completely randomized experiment in northeastern Oregon. Treatments included a single entry thin from below conducted in 1998, a late season burn conducted in 2000, a thin followed by burning (thin + burn), and a no action treatment which served as a control. Between 1998 and 2004, litter mass declined about 4.4 Mg ha(-1) in thin units, about 4.1 Mg ha(-1) in thin + burn units, and about 1.5 Mg ha(-1) in burn units. Duff mass did not change with treatment. Mass of woody fuels in the 1 and 10 h timelag classes increased in thin units immediately after treatment, but fell to nearly pre-treatment levels by 2004. Mass of woody fuels in the 100 It timelag class increased about 1.6 Mg ha(-1) in thin units, and decreased about 0.7 Mg ha(-1) in burn units and about 0.1 Mg ha(-1) in thin + burn units. There was no difference in the change in total woody fuel mass among all treatments. About 62% of the residual trees in the burn and the thin + burn units were charred; charring extended up the bole about 1.1 m. About 50% of the residual trees in the burn and thin + burn units had scorched lower crowns. Mean scorch height was 4.3 m. Log density was greater in control units compared to actively treated units and greater in the thin units compared to burn or thin + burn units. We used the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) to construct a representative fuelbed for each unit from inventoried data and to calculate three indices of fire potential as measures of the change in fire hazard resulting from our treatments: surface fire behavior, crown fire behavior, and fuels available for consumption. Projected flame length, rate of spread, and reaction intensity are derived as metrics of future surface fire behavior. These results are discussed in the context of management options for restoration of ecosystem health in similar low elevation dry ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Wright, Clinton S.; Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 80 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3151 EP 3169 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.032 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800008 ER PT J AU Loeb, SC Waldrop, TA AF Loeb, Susan C. Waldrop, Thomas A. TI Bat activity in relation to fire and fire surrogate treatments in southern pine stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bats; fuel reduction; Eptesicus fuscus; Lasiurus borealis; Perimyotis subflavus; Pinus spp; prescribed burning; thinning ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; BOREAL FOREST; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SITE OCCUPANCY; WESTERN OREGON; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT USE; ECHOLOCATION; SELECTION AB Forest managers often use thinning and prescribed burning to reduce the risk of wildfire and insect outbreaks. Because thinning and burning alter the structure of forest stands and may affect insect prey abundance, they may change the suitability of stands for bats. Our objective was to test the effects of thinning and burning on bat foraging and commuting activity in pine stands in the Clemson Experimental Forest in the Piedmont of South Carolina. We also tested whether vertical use of stands varied with treatment and whether activity of three common species varied among treatments. Twelve stands in the Clemson Experimental Forest dominated by loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (P. echinata) pine and at least 14 ha in size were selected and three replicates of four treatments were installed. The treatments were : (1) prescribed burning (Burn), (2) thinning to 18 m(2)/ha (Thin), (3) thinning to 18 m(2)/ha followed by prescribed burning (Thin&Burn) and (4) no treatment (Control). Bat activity was sampled with AnabatII bat detectors May-August 2001 and 2002. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), and eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were the most frequently recorded species and activity was significantly greater in 2001 than in 2002. In 2001, overall activity was significantly greater in the Thin stands than in the Control stands; activity in the Burn and Thin&Burn stands was intermediate. Activity was also greater in treated stands than in the Control stands in 2,002, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). In both years we recorded significantly more calls at 9 m than at 0.5 m above ground but the treatments did not affect vertical use of the stands. Activity of big brown bats and red bats was significantly higher in Thin stands than in Control or Burn stands, whereas activity of pipistrelles did not vary among treatments. Our results suggest that treatments that reduce clutter, particularly thinning, increase the suitability of pine stands for bats' foraging and commuting activity in the Piedmont region. Thus, use of these practices may help to preserve the biodiversity of managed pine forests in the South. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Loeb, Susan C.; Waldrop, Thomas A.] Clemson Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3185 EP 3192 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.060 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800010 ER PT J AU Lyons, AL Gaines, WL Lehmkuhl, JF Harrod, RJ AF Lyons, Andrea L. Gaines, William L. Lehmkuhl, John F. Harrod, Richy J. TI Short-term effects of fire and fire surrogate treatments on foraging tree selection by cavity-nesting birds in dry forests of central Washington SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cavity-nesting bird; foraging; model; fire; fire-surrogate; thinning AB Dry forests of Washington are becoming increasingly susceptible to broadscale stand replacement fire and insect and disease epidemics. In response, land managers implement fuel reduction strategies. These situations could potentially affect numerous wildlife species, including cavity-nesting birds. Much information exists on nesting requirements of cavity-nesters, while little information is available on their foraging requirements, or how changes to their habitat affect foraging. We examined short-term responses of cavity-nesting birds in dry conifer forests of Washington, to fuel reduction treatments in 2004 and 2005, as part of the National Fire-Fire Surrogate Project (FFS). Our objective was to determine if altering the forest stand through mechanical thinning or prescribed burning or a combination of the two would alter foraging tree selection. We used linear logistic regression and Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) to model foraging tree selection and to analyze the effects of treatments on foraging tree selection. Model averaged parameter estimates suggested that cavity-nesting birds selected for large diameter trees and FFS treatments had a positive impact on foraging for nuthatches and woodpeckers. Birds were more likely to be observed foraging in treated stands and the positive relationship was strongest in stands that received a combination of thinning and burning treatments. Enhanced foraging conditions in the thin-burn treatment may have resulted from a more complete removal of small trees, while the prescribed burn was so low-intensity, it did not remove many small trees. Bird groups selected for trees at least 1.6 times as large in diameter in treated stands as compared to control stands. Our results indicate activities such as thinning and burning may best enhance foraging habitat for bark gleaning species as a whole. Our data suggests that some important treatment design considerations include the removal of small trees and the retention of large trees and snags (>40 cm dbh) that provide important foraging substrate and nesting habitat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lyons, Andrea L.; Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lyons, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM allyons@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3203 EP 3211 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.068 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800012 ER PT J AU Wallin, KF Kolb, TE Skov, KR Wagner, M AF Wallin, Kimberly F. Kolb, Thomas E. Skov, Kjerstin R. Wagner, Michael TI Forest management treatments, tree resistance, and bark beetle resource utilization in ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; bark beetles; resin; host defenses; niche breadth; ponderosa pine ID BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PEARSON-NATURAL-AREA; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; COLONIZATION BEHAVIOR; STAND DENSITY; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; COMPETITION; PHYSIOLOGY; ECOLOGY AB We show experimentally that forest restoration treatments that used thinning to reduce ponderosa pine density near Flagstaff, Arizona decreased the percentage of trees with successful bark beetle attacks induced by beetle community response to a Dendroctonus brevicomis pheromone. Underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effect of restoration treatments on tree resistance to bark beetles included stimulation of resin defenses. Resin flow after phloem wounding was greater in full and partial restoration treatments than the control in the first and second year after treatment. Five bark beetle species, Ips pini, D. brevicomis, D. valens, D. adjunctus, and D. frontalis, colonized and produced brood in the trees. There was a negative correlation between resin volume and number of brood that emerged from the bole. Niche breadth of the bark beetle species over bole positions was widest for I. pini and narrowest for D. brevicomis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallin, Kimberly F.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr 321, Burlington, VT 05404 USA. [Kolb, Thomas E.; Wagner, Michael] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Skov, Kjerstin R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT USA. RP Wallin, KF (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr 321, Burlington, VT 05404 USA. EM kwallin@uvm.edu; Tom.Kolb@nau.edu; kskov@fs.fed.gov; Mike.wagner@nau.edu NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3263 EP 3269 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.075 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800017 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LJ Farris, MG Stokes, TA Coleman, MD AF Samuelson, Lisa J. Farris, Marianne G. Stokes, Tom A. Coleman, Mark D. TI Fertilization but not irrigation influences hydraulic traits in plantation-grown loblolly pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; transpiration; canopy stomatal conductance; sapwood area; leaf area ID CANOPY STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; SAPWOOD AREA RATIO; LEAF-AREA; SCOTS PINE; WATER-USE; PONDEROSA PINE; SITE QUALITY; DOUGLAS-FIR AB The goal of the study was to explore hydraulic traits in a 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation to better understand plasticity of this species to resource availability. The influence of a factorial combination of irrigation (130 mm year(-1) versus 494 mm year(-1)) and fertilization (0 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) versus 80 kg N ha(-1) year) on stand-level transpiration, canopy stomatal conductance (G(S)), sapwood area to leaf area ratio (A(S):A(L)), root area to leaf area ratio (A(R):A(L)), and leaf specific hydraulic conductance (G(L)) was examined. The study site was located on the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC. Transpiration was measured continuously over 11 months using thermal dissipation probes. Transpiration per unit ground area summed over the 11 months increased from 223 to 420 min with fertilization, and transpiration per unit leaf area also increased with fertilization, suggesting increased growth efficiency. Fertilization increased A(S):A(L), G(L), G(S) and leaf water potential but had no effect on A(R):A(L). Less aboveground woody biomass allocation to branches or greater growth efficiency may account for higher A(S):A(L) in fertilized trees. Irrigation had no influence on hydraulic traits and the influence of fertilization on hydraulic traits was independent of irrigation. Fertilization increased growth whereas irrigation had little effect on growth and fertilization effects. These results indicate that hydraulic traits of loblolly pine are sensitive to nitrogen availability. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Samuelson, Lisa J.; Farris, Marianne G.; Stokes, Tom A.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Coleman, Mark D.] Forest Serv Savannah River, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Samuelson, LJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 3301 SFWS Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM samuelj@auburn.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 59 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3331 EP 3339 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.014 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800025 ER PT J AU Outcalt, KW AF Outcalt, Kenneth W. TI Lightning, fire and longleaf pine: Using natural disturbance to guide management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; disturbance; wildfire; mortality; selection silviculture ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FIRES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BOREAL FORESTS; BIODIVERSITY; SILVICULTURE; CLIMATOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; MORTALITY; PALUSTRIS AB The importance of lightning as an ignition source for the fire adapted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem is widely recognized. Lightning also impacts this system on a smaller scale by causing individual tree mortality. The objective of this study was to determine mortality due to lightning and other agents in longleaf stands on the Ocala National Forest in central Florida and to quantify lightning ignited fire. Mortality from lightning was also tracked in longleaf stands on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Lightning killed more trees than any other agent with a mean mortality of nearly 1 tree/3 ha/yr in Florida and I tree/8 ha/yr in South Carolina. The probability of a tree being struck by lightning increased as a function of tree height at both sites, i.e. lightning preferentially removed the largest trees from the stand. In addition lightning strikes were clumped within stands, sometimes killed multiple trees with a single strike, and often hit trees on. the edge of existing gaps. The combination of these processes means gaps suitable for regeneration within longleaf stands are created quite rapidly. This information provides guidelines for the development of selection harvest systems based on this natural disturbance. Although lightning activity was greatest during the summer months in Florida and most fires occurred in June, the probability of a strike causing a fire was highest in February to May. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Outcalt, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM koutcalt@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3351 EP 3359 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.016 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800027 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Hart, ER McMillin, JD Rule, LC Hall, RB AF Coyle, David R. Hart, Elwood R. McMillin, Joel D. Rule, Lita C. Hall, Richard B. TI Effects of repeated cottonwood leaf beetle defoliation on Populus growth and economic value over an 8-year harvest rotation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; Chrysomela scripta; economic analysis; insecticide; poplar ID CHRYSOMELA-SCRIPTA COLEOPTERA; HYBRID POPLAR; INSECT DEFOLIATION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; TREES; RESISTANCE; WISCONSIN; MORTALITY; BIOLOGY AB The effects of 8 years of cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta, defoliation on growth and economic value of four Populus clones (91 x 04-03, D105, Eugenei, and NM2) was investigated in a split-plot randomized complete block design with unprotected and insecticide-protected plots. After 8 years clones 91 x 04-03 and D105 had significantly greater survival [hail Eugenei or NM2. This difference in survival was not attributed to chemical protection, and while not qualified, was most likely the result of disease and storm breakage. Protected trees had significantly greater height, diameter, and stem volume than unprotected trees, with clone 91 x 04-03 consistently growing the largest. Protected plots had greater basal area and stem biomass than unprotected plots, but branch biomass was greatest in unprotected plots. Differences in branch biomass were most likely due to loss of apical dominance, and subsequent increased branching, resulting from C. scripta defoliation. Aboveground biomass was unaffected by treatment because of the increased branch biomass Of unprotected trees. Clone 91 x 04-03 responded the most positively to chemical protection, as stem volume, of unprotected trees was over 30% less than in protected trees. A financial analysis of our data indicated that none of the clone x treatment combinations would be economically acceptable due to the high land costs in the midwestern US. However, the use of less expensive insecticides may make clone 91 x 04-03 an economically viable crop in this region. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coyle, David R.; Hart, Elwood R.; McMillin, Joel D.; Rule, Lita C.; Hall, Richard B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hart, Elwood R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Emeritus, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hart, Elwood R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Forestry, Emeritus, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McMillin, Joel D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3365 EP 3373 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.023 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800029 ER PT J AU Brose, PH AF Brose, Patrick H. TI Root development of acorn-origin oak seedlings in shelterwood stands on the Appalachian Plateau of northern Pennsylvania: 4-year results SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus; shelterwood; root collar diameter; prescribed fire ID RED-OAK; QUERCUS-RUBRA; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; GROWTH; FOREST; LIGHT; REPLACEMENT; NUTRIENTS; CANOPY AB Post-fire sprouting of oak seedlings in prescribe-burned shelterwood stands hinges on their root collar diameters exceeding 6.4 mm and root size depends on the type of partial cut and the time since harvest. To better understand this shelterwood stage/time/oak root size relationship, a study was begun in northern Pennsylvania in 2001. Acorns of black, chestnut, northern red, and white oak (Quercus velutina, Q. montana, Q. rubra, and Q. alba, respectively) were planted in mixed-oak stands treated with one of the cuts of a three-step shelterwood sequence (uncut, preparatory cut, first removal cut, and final cut) and the root development of the resultant seedlings was followed for 4 years. Root development of all four oak species was the least in the uncut treatment and changed little after the first year. Only northern red oak showed an increase in root size in the preparatory cut by the fourth year. All oak species had significantly larger roots in the first removal cut and final cut treatments by the fourth year with black and northern red oak having their most root development in the final cut and chestnut and white oak having their most root growth in the first removal cut. All species in the first removal cut and final cut treatments were nearing or had surpassed the 6.4 mm root collar diameter threshold by the third or fourth year indicating that at least 4 or 5 years should pass between the harvest and the prescribed fire. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Brose, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 335 Natl Forge Rd, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM pbrose@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3374 EP 3381 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.021 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800030 ER PT J AU Budhathoki, CB Lynch, TB Guldin, JM AF Budhathoki, Chakra B. Lynch, Thomas B. Guldin, James M. TI Nonlinear mixed modeling of basal area growth for shortleaf pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mixed-effects; random-effects; maximum likelihood estimation; Pinus echinata Mill ID HEIGHT PREDICTION; STANDS; TREES AB Mixed model estimation methods were used to fit individual-tree basal area growth models to tree and stand-level measurements available from permanent plots established in naturally regenerated shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) even-aged stands in western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma in the USA. As a part of the development of a comprehensive distance-independent individual-tree shortleaf pine growth and yield model, several individual-tree annual basal area growth models were fitted to the data with the objective of selecting the model that has superior fit to the data as well as attributes suitable for practical application in shortleaf pine stand simulator useful as an aid in forest management decision-making. The distance-independent individual-tree model of Lynch et al. [Lynch, T.B., Hitch, K.L., Huebschmann, M.M., Murphy, P.A., 1999. An individual-tree growth and yield prediction system for even-aged natural shortleaf pine forests. South. J. Appl. For. 23, 203-211] for annual basal area growth was improved to incorporate random-effects for plots in a potential-modifier framework with stand-level and tree-level explanatory variables. The fitted mixed-effects models were found to fit the data and to predict annual basal area growth better than the previous model forms fitted using ordinary least-squares. There was also some evidence of heterogeneous errors, the effects of which could be corrected by using a variance function in the estimation process. The revised parameter estimates from the selected mixed model could be utilized in a growth and yield simulator that also takes appropriate dbh-height and mortality functions into account. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Budhathoki, Chakra B.; Lynch, Thomas B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Guldin, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Budhathoki, CB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, 4200 E 9th Ave B-139, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM Chakra.Budhathoki@uchsc.edu NR 23 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3440 EP 3446 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.035 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800036 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ DeGomez, TE McMillin, JD Anhold, JA Hofstetter, RW AF Hayes, Christopher J. DeGomez, Tom E. McMillin, Joel D. Anhold, John A. Hofstetter, Richard W. TI Factors influencing pine engraver (lps pini Say) colonization of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) slash in Northern Arizona SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lps pini; light intensity; log size; Pinus ponderosa; slash management; thinning date ID IPS-CALLIGRAPHUS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES COLEOPTERA; LODGEPOLE PINE; PHLOEM THICKNESS; WESTERN MONTANA; SCOLYTIDAE; FORESTS; REPRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; CURCULIONIDAE AB Thinning projects have increased in recent years to reduce standing fuels and fire hazard within the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) and to improve general forest conditions through forest health restoration treatments. As a consequence, large volumes of thinning slash have been generated, increasing the potential for growth of bark beetle (lps spp.) populations. Because slash can initiate outbreaks in standing trees, a critical examination of slash management guidelines is needed to minimize bark beetle impacts associated with thinning treatments. Specifically, we examined effects of season of slash cutting, sunlight intensity (stand density) and log size on pine engraver (Ips pini Say) reproduction in North-central Arizona, USA. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws.) trees were felled and cut to 16 sizes (diameters of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm and lengths of 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm) in October, January, April and July, for 2 years. The 16 logs of differing size were placed in groups in overstory stand densities of 5,14, and 27.5 m(2)/ha (representing high, partial, and low sunlight levels). Response variables included attack density, emergence density, and beetle Population growth rate. Log length had a positive relationship with both attack and emergence density. Log diameter had a significant effect on attack and emergence density, with a preference shown for intermediate diameter bolts. During a year with above average winter precipitation, cutting date and the interaction of cutting date and light level had significant effects on attack density. Fewer beetles attacked both bolts that had been exposed for longer periods of time and logs exposed to high sunlight levels. Cutting date, and the interaction of cutting date and light level, influenced emergence density, but light level alone did not. Emergence density was lowest in spring-cut logs in both years. Cutting date also had an effect on beetle population growth rate, with fall-cut logs having the highest population growth, while light level had no effect. Extended time-since-cutting (e.g. fall cutting), high light levels and small log diameter did not consistently cause reductions in beetle attack and reproductive performance as was hypothesized. implications of these results for slash management guidelines are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hayes, Christopher J.; DeGomez, Tom E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McMillin, Joel D.; Anhold, John A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg Forestry & Forest Hlth, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hofstetter, Richard W.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Hayes, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM chayes@email.arizona.edu NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 8-9 BP 3541 EP 3548 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.037 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 307AC UT WOS:000256288800049 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE Hicks, BJ AF Entry, James A. Sojka, Robert E. Hicks, Brendan J. TI Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios can estimate anionic polyacrylamide degradation in soil SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE polyacrylamide degradation; stable isotopes; soil type; C and N content ID ORGANIC-MATTER; FURROW EROSION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; FRACTIONATION; DECOMPOSITION; IRRIGATION; BIODEGRADATION; INFILTRATION; AGRICULTURE AB Water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is applied to millions of hectares worldwide as a highly effective erosion-preventing and infiltration-enhancing polymer, when applied at rates of 1 to 2 kg ha(-1) (i.e., 1 to 10 g m(-3)) in furrow water. PAM degradation has not directly been measured in soil. We tested the ability of stable isotopes of C and N at natural abundance to estimate PAM degradation rates. Values of delta C-13 were related to anionic PAM concentration in a positive curvilinear relationship in a low-C, low-N, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid (Portneuf series) soil. The other soils with higher organic C or N concentrations did not show significant relationships between PAM concentrations and delta C-13 values. The 615N values were not related to anionic PAM concentration in any of the soils tested. When 2691 active ingredient (ai) kg PAM ha(-1) was applied to the Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid soil, 49% and 74% of the PAM was degraded after 6 and 12 yr respectively. When 5382 kg ai PAM ha(-1) was applied to the Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid soil, 13% was degraded after 6 yr, and 73% of the PAM was degraded after 12 yr. We calculated PAM degradation rate based on delta C-13 for the Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid soil to be 9.8% yr(-1). Further testing using labeled PAM is necessary to estimate degradation rates in higher C soils, and to determine what portion of the C is released from decomposing PAM is emitted to the atmosphere, incorporated into soil organic matter and living microbial biomass. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. [Hicks, Brendan J.] Univ Waikato, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Ecol Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. EM James_Entry@nps.gov RI Hicks, Brendan/E-4382-2013; OI Hicks, Brendan/0000-0002-8860-0945 NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.015 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 317KO UT WOS:000257019300002 ER PT J AU McClaran, MP Moore-Kucera, J Martens, DA van Haren, J Marsh, SE AF McClaran, Mitchel P. Moore-Kucera, Jennifer Martens, Dean A. van Haren, Joost Marsh, Stuart E. TI Soil carbon and nitrogen in relation to shrub size and death in a semi-arid grassland SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Prosopis spp.; carbon isotopes; particulate organic matter; mineral associated organic matter; soil fractions; fertile islands; carbon sequestration ID ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; WOODY PLANT INVASION; DESERT GRASSLAND; MESQUITE REMOVAL; DRY-MATTER; VEGETATION; FRACTIONATION; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS AB Nutrient accumulation as fertile islands beneath invasive trees and shrubs in grasslands may provide opportunities for carbon sequestration. In a southwestern USA grassland, our objectives were to describe 1) the accumulation beneath Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite) and isolated grass plants, and 2) the loss of accumulated nutrients 40 y after P. velutina death. We compared organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and delta C-13 in soil organic matter among large living, large dead, and small living P. velutina and open grassland, and between grass plants and bare ground. Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 5-10,16.8-23.2, and 36.8-43.2 cm depths, and separated into five size/density fractions: particulate organic matter (Macro- and Micro-POM), mineral associated organic matter (Micro-MAOM), Silt, and Clay. We expected that differences in CC, TN, and delta C-13 among soil fractions would suggest mechanisms and rates of accumulation with P. velutina persistence and loss following P. velutina death. Soil OC and TN accumulation was similar to 80-750% greater for large P. velutina than open grassland for whole soil and 4 of 5 fractions at 0-5 cm depth, but only 50-250% greater at 5-10 cm depth for whole soil and 3 of 5 fractions. Total OC and TN accumulation at 0-10 cm depth was 6.12 kg C m(-2) and 0.55 kg N m(-2), respectively. Accumulation did not occur in whole soil or any fraction at 16.8-23.2 cm and 36.8-43.2 cm depths, or in the Micro-MAOM fraction at any depth. Accumulation under small P velutina was less than large plants, and not significantly different from open grassland. Beneath isolated grass plants, accumulation of TN occurred at 0-5 cm depth, and OC accumulation at 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths in whole soils only, but change in delta C-13 did not accompany accumulations. Forty years after death of large P. velutina, 67-106% of accumulated OC and TN were lost from whole soil and soil fractions at 0-5 cm depth. At 5-10 cm depth, loss (78-93%) was only detected in whole soils. Greater accumulation of OC and TN in the POM than the Silt and Clay fractions is consistent with the large physical size of recent organic matter inputs from P velutina, but no differences in loss rates among fractions following P. velutina death suggests density dependent rates of organic matter consumption. Declines in delta C-13 accompanied OC accumulation and increases occurred during loss. A 20-30 y mean residence time (MRT) for whole soil and the Clay fraction over those 40 y is suggested by changes in OC and delta C-13, but MRT based on changes in OC and delta C-13 differ for Macro-POM (1-3 y versus 2025 y, respectively) and Silt (>50 y versus 20-30 y, respectively). Activities that remove P. velutina should focus on small plants and protect large plants thereby maintaining their carbon sequestration potential. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McClaran, Mitchel P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Moore-Kucera, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Martens, Dean A.] ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. [van Haren, Joost] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marsh, Stuart E.] Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McClaran, MP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcclaran@u.arizona.edu; moorjenn@hort.oregonstate.edu; jvanhare@email.arizona.edu; smarsh@ag.arizona.edu NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.02.006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 317KO UT WOS:000257019300007 ER PT J AU Denef, K Stewart, CE Brenner, J Paustian, K AF Denef, K. Stewart, C. E. Brenner, J. Paustian, K. TI Does long-term center-pivot irrigation increase soil carbon stocks in semi-arid agro-ecosystems? SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; soil inorganic carbon; center-pivot irrigation; depth ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; NO-TILLAGE; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SEQUESTRATION; AGGREGATION; SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; FERTILIZATION; CULTIVATION AB This study was conducted to determine the effect of center-pivot irrigation management on soil organic carbon and soil inorganic carbon stocks in semi-arid agroecosystems. We sampled two locations in the Central Great Plains, USA: an area near Imperial, Nebraska and a more and area near Otis, Colorado. At both locations, three different agroecosystems were sampled: a non-cultivated native grassland (NG), a centerpivot irrigated (CP) and an adjacent dryland (DL) cultivated system. All sampled soils were classified as Aridic, Pachic or Calcidic Argiustoll. Soil organic (SOC) and inorganic (SIC) carbon was analyzed at 0-5, 5-20, 20-50 and 50-75 cm depths. Although significantly greater SOC stocks were found in the surface (0-20 cm) soil layers of CP compared to DL systems at both locations, when the entire 0-75 profile was considered, irrigation significantly increased SOC only at the Imperial site (on average 7626 g m(-2) versus 6637 g m(-2) at Imperial and 6769 g m-2 versus 5698 g m-2 at Otis). Soil inorganic C was significantly greater in the cultivated versus the grassland soils, but did not differ between dryland and irrigated management systems. Over the entire profile, differences in SIC at depth were more important than the changes of SOC storage by irrigation management in the 0-20 cm depth. Further, though highly variable, SIC accounted for nearly 50% of the total soil C storage in the cultivated systems at Otis and 30% at Imperial. Large proportions of SIC in these cultivated semi-arid lands are most likely due to cultivation-induced changes in soil properties, water regime and carbonate-forming ion concentrations. These factors must be considered to accurately assess management-induced effects on soil carbon. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Denef, K.] Univ Ghent, Lab Appl Phys Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Brenner, J.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Paustian, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paustian, K.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stewart, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Cstewart@colorado.edu RI Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016; OI Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 NR 53 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.03.002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 317KO UT WOS:000257019300014 ER PT J AU Magilligan, FJ Nislow, KH Fisher, GB Wright, J Mackey, G Laser, M AF Magilligan, F. J. Nislow, K. H. Fisher, G. B. Wright, J. Mackey, G. Laser, M. TI The geomorphic function and characteristics of large woody debris in low gradient rivers, coastal Maine, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; stream channel; riparian; watershed; habitat; aquatic ecology ID POOL FORMATION; SETTLEMENT FOREST; FLUME EXPERIMENT; FLOW RESISTANCE; WESTERN OREGON; STREAMS; WASHINGTON; TRANSPORT; FRANCE; RECRUITMENT AB The role, function, and importance of large woody debris (LWD) in rivers depend strongly on environmental context and land use history. The coastal watersheds of central and northern Maine, northeastern U.S., are characterized by low gradients, moderate topography, and minimal influence of mass wasting processes, along with a history of intensive commercial timber harvest. In spite of the ecological importance of these rivers, which contain the last wild populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the U.S., we know little about LWD distribution, dynamics, and function in these systems. We conducted a cross-basin analysis in seven coastal Maine watersheds, documenting the size, frequency, volume, position, and orientation of LWD, as well as the association between LWD, pool formation, and sediment storage. In conjunction with these L)VD surveys, we conducted extensive riparian vegetation surveys. We observed very low LWD frequencies and volumes across the 60 kin of rivers surveyed. Frequency of LWD >= 20 cm diameter ranged from 15-50 pieces km(-1) and wood volumes were commonly < 10-20 m(3) km(-1). Moreover, most of this wood was located in the immediate low-flow channel zone, was oriented parallel to flow, and failed to span the stream channel. As a result, pool fort-nation associated with LWD is generally lacking and <20%, of the wood was associated with sediment storage. Low LWD volumes are consistent with the relatively young riparian stands we observed, with the large majority of trees <20 cm DBH. These results strongly reflect the legacy of intensive timber harvest and land clearing and suggest that the frequency and distribution of LWD may be considerably less than presettlement and/or futur, desired conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. C1 [Magilligan, F. J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fisher, G. B.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Wright, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Maine Coastal Program, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. [Mackey, G.] Bur Sea Run Fisheries & Habitat, Dept Marine Resources, Jonesboro, ME 04648 USA. [Laser, M.] Bur Sea Run Fisheries & Habitat, Dept Marine Resources, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Magilligan, FJ (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM magilligan@dartmouth.edu OI Fisher, G. Burch/0000-0002-9133-3059 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 467 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.016 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 313CU UT WOS:000256719500015 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Jones, MO Martin, RE Knapp, DE Hughes, RF AF Asner, Gregory P. Jones, Matthew O. Martin, Roberta E. Knapp, David E. Hughes, R. Flint TI Remote sensing of native and invasive species in Hawaiian forests SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AVIRIS; exotic species; Hawai'i; imaging spectroscopy; invasive species; rainforest; tropical forest ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; NITROGEN-CONTENT; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; CAROTENOID CONTENT; LEAF BIOCHEMISTRY; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Detection and mapping of invasive species is an important component of conservation and management efforts in Hawai'i, but the spectral separability of native, introduced, and invasive species has not been established. We used high spatial resolution airborne imaging spectroscopy to analyze the canopy hyperspectral reflectance properties of 37 distinct species or phenotypes, 7 common native and 24 introduced tree species, the latter group containing 12 highly invasive species. Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) reflectance and derivative-reflectance signatures of Hawaiian native trees were generically unique from those of introduced trees. Nitrogen-fixing trees were also spectrally unique from other groups of non-fixing trees. There were subtle but significant differences in the spectral properties of highly invasive tree species in comparison to introduced species that do not proliferate across Hawaiian ecosystems. The observed differences in canopy spectral signatures were linked to relative differences in measured leaf pigment (chlorophyll, carotenoids), nutrient (N, P), and structural (specific leaf area; SLA) properties, as well as to canopy leaf area index. These leaf and canopy properties contributed variably to the spectral separability of the trees, with wavelength-specific reflectance and absorption features that overlapped, but which were unique from one another. A combination of canopy reflectance from 1125-2500 nm associated with leaf and canopy water content, along with pigment-related absorption features (reflectance derivatives) in the 400-700 nm range, was best for delineating native, introduced, and invasive species. There was no single spectral region that always defined the separability of the species groups, and thus the full-range (400-2500 nm) spectrum was highly advantageous in differentiating these groups. These results provide a basis for more detailed studies of invasive species in Hawai'i, along with more explicit treatment of the biochemical properties of the canopies and their prediction using imaging spectroscopy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.; Jones, Matthew O.; Martin, Roberta E.; Knapp, David E.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 53 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1912 EP 1926 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.043 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700002 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Knapp, DE Kennedy-Bowdoin, T Jones, MO Martin, RE Boardman, J Hughes, RF AF Asner, Gregory P. Knapp, David E. Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty Jones, Matthew O. Martin, Roberta E. Boardman, Joseph Hughes, R. Flint TI Invasive species detection in Hawaiian rainforests using airborne imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer; AVIRIS; carnegie airborne observatory; CAO; Hawaii; invasive species; light detection and ranging; tropical forest ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; GLOBAL CHANGE; MYRICA-FAYA; ECOSYSTEM; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; ISLANDS; FIRE; LEAF; SOIL AB Remote sensing of invasive species is a critical component of conservation and management efforts, but reliable methods for the detection of invaders have not been widely established. In Hawaiian forests, we recently found that invasive trees often have hyperspectral signatures unique from that of native trees, but mapping based on spectral reflectance properties alone is confounded by issues of canopy senescence and mortality, intra- and inter-canopy gaps and shadowing, and terrain variability. We deployed a new hybrid airborne system combining the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO) small-footprint light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system with the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to map the three-dimensional spectral and structural properties of Hawaiian forests. The CAO-AVIRIS systems and data were fully integrated using in-flight and post-flight fusion techniques, facilitating an analysis of forest canopy properties to determine the presence and abundance of three highly invasive tree species in Hawaiian rainforests. The LiDAR sub-system was used to model forest canopy height and top-of-canopy surfaces; these structural data allowed for automated masking of forest gaps, intra- and inter-canopy shadows, and minimum vegetation height in the AVIRIS images. The remaining sunlit canopy spectra were analyzed using spatially-constrained spectral mixture analysis. The results of the combined LiDAR-spectroscopic analysis highlighted the location and fractional abundance of each invasive tree species throughout the rainforest sites. Field validation studies demonstrated <6.8% and <18.6% error rates in the detection of invasive tree species at similar to 7 m(2) and similar to 2 m(2) minimum canopy cover thresholds. Our results show that full integration of imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR measurements provides enormous flexibility and analytical potential for studies of terrestrial ecosystems and the species contained within them. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.; Knapp, David E.; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Jones, Matthew O.; Martin, Roberta E.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boardman, Joseph] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 31 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1942 EP 1955 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.11.016 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700004 ER PT J AU Chopping, M Moisen, GG Su, LH Laliberte, A Rango, A Martonchik, JV Peters, DPC AF Chopping, Mark Moisen, Gretchen G. Su, Lihong Laliberte, Andrea Rango, Albert Martonchik, John V. Peters, Debra P. C. TI Large area mapping of southwestern forest crown cover, canopy height, and biomass using the NASA Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest; biomass; carbon; canopy; structure; BRDF; multiangle; geometric-optical; model ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MODEL; MISR; SURFACES AB A rapid canopy reflectance model inversion experiment was performed using multi-angle reflectance data from the NASA Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) on the Earth Observing System Terra satellite, with the goal of obtaining measures of forest fractional crown cover, mean canopy height, and aboveground woody biomass for large parts of south-eastern Arizona and southern New Mexico (>200,000 km(2)). MISR red band bidirectional reflectance estimates in nine views mapped to a 250 in grid were used to adjust the Simple Geometric-optical Model (SGM). The soil-understory background signal was partly decoupled a priori by developing regression relationships with the nadir camera blue, green, and near-infrared reflectance data and the isotropic, geometric, and volume scattering kernel weights of the LiSparse-RossThin kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model adjusted against MISR red band data. The SGM's mean crown radius and crown shape parameters were adjusted using the Praxis optimization algorithm, allowing retrieval of fractional crown cover and mean canopy height, and estimation of aboveground woody biomass by linear rescaling of the dot product of cover and height. Retrieved distributions of crown cover, mean canopy height, and aboveground woody biomass for forested areas showed good matches with maps from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, with R-2 values of 0.78, 0.69, and 0.81, and absolute mean errors of 0.10, 2.2 m, and 4.5 tons acre(-1) (10.1 Mg ha(-1)), respectively, after filtering for high root mean square error (RMSE) on model fitting, the effects of topographic shading, and the removal of a small number of outliers. This is the first use of data from the MISR instrument to produce maps of crown cover, canopy height, and woody biomass over a large area by seeking to exploit the structural effects of canopies reflected in the observed anisotropy patterns in these explicitly multiangle data. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chopping, Mark; Su, Lihong] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Moisen, Gretchen G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Laliberte, Andrea; Rango, Albert; Peters, Debra P. C.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Martonchik, John V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chopping, M (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM chopping@pegasus.montelair.edu NR 28 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2051 EP 2063 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.024 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700011 ER PT J AU Finley, AO McRoberts, RE AF Finley, Andrew O. McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Efficient k-nearest neighbor searches for multi-source forest attribute mapping SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nearest neighbors; search trees; kd-trees; multi-source; forest inventory ID VECTOR QUANTIZATION; IMPUTATION; INVENTORY; ALGORITHM; VOLUME AB In this study, we explore the utility of data structures that facilitate efficient nearest neighbor searches for application in multi-source forest attribute prediction. Our trials suggest that the kd-tree in combination with exact search algorithms can greatly reduce nearest neighbor search time. Further, given our trial data, we found that enormous gain in search time efficiency, afforded by approximate nearest neighbor search algorithms, does not result in compromised kNN prediction. We conclude that by using the kd-tree, or similar data structure, and efficient exact or approximate search algorithms, the kNN method, and variants, are useful tools for mapping large geographic area's at a fine spatial resolution. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Finley, AO (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM finleya@msu.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2203 EP 2211 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700022 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE AF McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Using satellite imagery and the k-nearest neighbors technique as a bridge between strategic and management forest inventories SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest stand; confidence interval ID STAND CHARACTERISTICS; TIMBER VOLUME; ATTRIBUTES; PARAMETERS; REGRESSION; OREGON; AREA AB Strategic forest inventory programs produce forest resource estimates for large areas such as states and provinces using data collected for a large number of variables on a relatively sparse array of field plots. Management inventories produce stand-level estimates to guide management decisions using data obtained with sampling intensities Much greater than for strategic inventories. The costs associated with these greater sampling intensities have motivated investigations of alternatives to traditional sample-based management inventories. This study focused on a relatively inexpensive alternative to management inventories that uses strategic forest inventory plot data, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery, and the k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) technique. The approach entailed constructing stem density and basal area per unit area maps from which stand-level means were estimated as averages of k-NN pixel predictions. The study included investigations of the benefits of selecting optimal combinations of k-NN feature space variables derived from the TM imagery and the benefits of modifying the k-NN technique to eliminate spurious nearest neighbors. For both the stem density and basal area per unit area training data, the selection of optimal feature space covariates produced less than 1.5% improvement in root mean square error relative to using all covariates. The k-NN modification improved the sum of mean squared deviations for stand-level stem density and basal area per unit area estimates by 7-20% depending on the k-NN feature space covariates. For the best combination of feature space covariates, estimates of stand-level means were within confidence intervals for validation estimates for 11 of 12 stands for stem density and for 10 of 12 stands for basal area per unit area. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmeroberts@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2212 EP 2221 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.025 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700023 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Crookston, NL Evans, JS Hall, DE Falkowski, MJ AF Hudak, Andrew T. Crookston, Nicholas L. Evans, Jeffrey S. Hall, David E. Falkowski, Michael J. TI Nearest neighbor imputation of species-level, plot-scale forest structure attributes from LiDAR data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forestry; k-NN imputation; LiDAR remote sensing; mapping; random forest ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; STAND CHARACTERISTICS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; BASAL AREA; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; AIRBORNE LIDAR; INVENTORY DATA AB Meaningful relationships between forest structure attributes measured in representative field plots on the ground and remotely sensed data measured comprehensively across the same forested landscape facilitate the production of maps of forest attributes such as basal area (BA) and tree density (TD). Because imputation methods can efficiently predict multiple response variables simultaneously, they may be usefully applied to map several structural attributes at the species-level. We compared several approaches for imputing the response variables BA and TD, aggregated at the plot-scale and species-level, from topographic and canopy structure predictor variables derived from discrete-return airborne LiDAR data. The predictor and response variables were associated using imputation techniques based on normalized and unnormalized Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Canonical Correlation Analysis (aka Most Similar Neighbor, or MSN), Canonical Correspondence Analysis (aka Gradient Nearest Neighbor, or GNN), and Random Forest (RF). To compare and evaluate these approaches, we computed a scaled Root Mean Square Distance (RMSD) between observed and imputed plot-level BA and TD for I I conifer species sampled in north-central Idaho. We found that RF produced the best results overall, especially after reducing the number of response variables to the most important species in each plot with regard to BA and TD. We concluded that RF was the most robust and flexible among the imputation methods we tested. We also concluded that canopy structure and topographic metrics derived from LiDAR surveys can be very useful for species-level imputation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hudak, Andrew T.; Crookston, Nicholas L.; Evans, Jeffrey S.; Hall, David E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us; ncrookston@fs.fed.us; jevans02@fs.fed.us; dehall@fs.fed.us; falk4587@uidaho.edu OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 NR 52 TC 163 Z9 169 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2232 EP 2245 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.10.009 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700025 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, MT Hunt, ER Jackson, TJ AF Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Jackson, Thomas J. TI Remote sensing of vegetation water content from equivalent water thickness using satellite imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE corn; Zea mays; soybean; Glycine max; deciduous hardwood woodland; Soil Moisture Experiment 2005; normalized difference infrared index; NDII; EWT; VWC; plant allometry ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; LIQUID WATER; CANOPY; MODIS; CORN; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY; LANDSAT; MODEL AB Vegetation water content (VWC) is one of the most important parameters for the successful retrieval of soil moisture content from microwave data. Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) is a widely-used index to remotely sense Equivalent Water Thickness (EWT) of leaves and canopies; however, the amount of water in the foliage is a small part of total VWC. Sites of corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and deciduous hardwood woodlands were sampled to estimate EWT and VWC during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) near Ames, Iowa, USA. Using a time series of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) imagery, NDII was related to EWT with R-2 of 0.85; there were no significant differences among land-cover types. Furthermore, EWT was linearly related to VWC with R-2 of 0.87 for corn and 0.48 for soybeans, with a significantly larger slope for corn. The 2005 land-cover classification product from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service had an overall accuracy of 92% and was used to spatially distribute VWC over the landscape. SMEX05 VWC versus NDII regressions were compared with the regressions from the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02), which was conducted in the same study area. No significant difference was found between years for corn (P=0.13), whereas there was a significant difference for soybean (P=0.04). Allometric relationships relate the size of one part of a plant to the sizes of other parts, and may be the result from the requirements of structural support or material transport. Relationships between NDII and VWC are indirect, NDII is related to canopy EWT, which in turn is allometrically related to VWC. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, HRSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, HRSL, Bldg 007,Room 104,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2514 EP 2522 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.11.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700045 ER PT J AU Hawbaker, TJ Radeloff, VC Syphard, AD Zhu, ZL Stewart, SI AF Hawbaker, Todd J. Radeloff, Volker C. Syphard, Alexandra D. Zhu, Zhiliang Stewart, Susan I. TI Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS active fire detection; MOD14; MYD14; clouds; United States ID NORTHERN EURASIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; FOREST-FIRES; DIURNAL FIRE; AVHRR; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; VEGETATION; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION AB MODIS active fire data offer new information about global fire patterns. However, uncertainties in detection rates can render satellite-derived fire statistics difficult to interpret. We evaluated the MODIS I km daily active fire product to quantify detection rates for both Terra and Aqua MODIS sensors, examined how cloud cover and fire size affected detection rates, and estimated how detection rates varied across the United States. MODIS active fire detections were compared to 361 reference fires (>= 18 ha) that had been delineated using pre- and post-fire Landsat imagery. Reference fires were considered detected. if at least one MODIS active fire pixel occurred within I km of the edge of the fire. When active fire data from both Aqua and Terra were combined, 82% of all reference fires were found, but detection rates were less for Aqua and Terra individually (73% and 66% respectively). Fires not detected generally had more cloudy days, but not when the Aqua data were considered exclusively. MODIS detection rates decreased with fire size, and the size at which 50% of all fires were detected was 105 ha when combining Aqua and Terra (195 ha for Aqua and 334 ha for Terra alone). Across the United States, detection rates were greatest in the West, lower in the Great Plains, and lowest in the East. The MODIS active fire product captures large fires in the U.S. well, but may under-represent fires in areas with frequent cloud cover or rapidly burning, small, and low-intensity fires. We recommend that users of the MODIS active fire data perform individual validations to ensure that all relevant fires are included. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawbaker, Todd J.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Syphard, Alexandra D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, EROS Space Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Hawbaker, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tjhawbaker@gmail.com RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 55 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2656 EP 2664 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700056 ER PT J AU Pontius, J Martin, M Plourde, L Hallett, R AF Pontius, Jennifer Martin, Mary Plourde, Lucie Hallett, Richard TI Ash decline assessment in emerald ash borer-infested regions: A test of tree-level, hyperspectral technologies SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest health; pre-visual decline; Agrilus planipennis; EAB; remote sensing; high resolution ID VEGETATION APPARENT REFLECTANCE; RED EDGE POSITION; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; PLANT STRESS; ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; MAPLE LEAVES; BROAD-BAND; LEAF AB The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an exotic insect pest currently threatening ash species in the Great Lakes region. Because of the potential impact on forests in this area, multiple government agencies are currently focusing their efforts on developing new technologies to detect, monitor and control this insect pest. Previous work has shown that hyperspectral remote sensing technologies can produce detailed maps of forest health and species abundance on a landscape scale. This study examines the capability of a commercially available sensor (SpecTIR VNIR) to map ash decline due to exotic EAB infestations in Michigan and Ohio. A 6-term linear regression equation based on known stress- and chlorophyll-sensitive indices was able to predict decline on a continuous 0- to 10 scale with an r-squared of 0.71 and an average jackknifed residual of 0.61. Treated as an integer, decline was predicted to within one class with 97% accuracy. The ability of this instrument to assess decline below class 4 (when dieback and transparency reach levels first noticeable in the field) is based upon pre-visual reductions in chlorophyll content and function that are characteristic of early stress. The identification of early stress is critical in containing newly introduced exotics such as EAB. While this decline prediction technique is not stress- or species-specific, it will enable land managers to assess and monitor detailed forest health across the landscape. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pontius, Jennifer; Hallett, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, NRS, Durham, NH 03024 USA. [Martin, Mary; Plourde, Lucie] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pontius, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NRS, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03024 USA. EM jennifer.pontius@unh.edu OI Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534 NR 63 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2665 EP 2676 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.011 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700057 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB AF Krishnan, Hart B. TI Preparative procedures markedly influence the appearance and structural integrity of protein storage Vacuoles in soybean seeds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; osmium tetroxide; soybean; phytic acid; protein storage vacuoles ID DEVELOPING PEA COTYLEDONS; PHYTIC ACID; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; OSMIUM-TETROXIDE; BODIES; ACCUMULATION; PHYTATE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; GLOBOIDS; FIXATION AB In legumes, vacuoles serve as the final depository for storage proteins. The protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of soybean contain electron-transparent globoid regions in which phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) is sequestered. This paper reports the effect of preparative procedures on the appearance and ultrastructural integrity of PSVs in soybeans. Electron microscopy examination of both developing and mature soybean seeds that were postfixed with osmium tetroxide revealed PSVs that had a homogeneous appearance with very few globoid crystals dispersed in them. Numerous electron-dense lipid bodies were readily seen in these cells. Omission of osmium tetroxide strikingly altered the appearance of PSVs and aided the visualization of the location of the globoids in the PSVs. In contrast to the osmicated tissue, lipid bodies appeared as electron-transparent spheres. The choice of dehydration reagent or staining procedure had little influence on the appearance of the PSVs. The results of this study demonstrate the profound effect of osmium tetroxide on the appearance and structural integrity of PSVs in soybean. C1 [Krishnan, Hart B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hart B.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 2907 EP 2912 DI 10.1021/jf0735228 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600007 PM 18410116 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Sy, AA Gloer, JB AF Sobolev, Victor S. Sy, Arlene A. Gloer, James B. TI Spermidine and flavonoid conjugates from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) flowers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peanuts; Arachis hypogaea; groundnuts; p-coumaric acid; coumaroylspermidine; dicoumaroylacetyl sperm idine; tricoumaroyispermidine; quercetin glucoside; quercetin glucuronide; isorhamnetin glucoside; isorhamnetin glucuronide; photochemical isomerization; structure elucidation; NMR; HPLC-MS ID HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID-AMIDES; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUERCUS-DENTATA; POLLEN; BIOCHEMISTRY; APHELANDRA; POLYAMINES; HORDATINES; BARLEY; PLANTS C1 [Sobolev, Victor S.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. [Sy, Arlene A.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. EM victor.vsobolev@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 2960 EP 2969 DI 10.1021/jf703652a PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600015 PM 18412366 ER PT J AU Poling, SM Wicklow, DT Rogers, KD Gloer, JB AF Poling, Stephen M. Wicklow, Donald T. Rogers, Kristina D. Gloer, James B. TI Acremonium zeae, a protective endophyte of maize produces dihydroresorcylide and 7-hydroxydihydroresorcylides SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dihydroresorcylide; 7-hydroxydihydroresorcylide; pyrrocidine; Acremonium zeae; maize ID TRANS-RESORCYLIDE; CIS-RESORCYLIDE; METABOLITES; CURVULARIN AB Acremonium zeae has been characterized as a protective endophyte of maize and displays antifungal activity against other fungi. Pyrrocidines A and B were discovered to be the metabolites accounting for this activity. During a population survey of A. zeae isolates from maize seeds produced in nine states to determine their ability to produce pyrrocidines, another metabolite of A. zeae, unrelated to the pyrrocidines, was found to have widespread occurrence (105 of 154 isolates) and to be produced in amounts comparable to the pyrrocidines. Further chemical studies of fermentation extracts of an A. zeae isolate (NRRL 45893) from maize led to the identification of a new compound, dihydroresorcylide, the saturated analogue of cis-resorcylide. Also identified were the two diastereomers of 7-hydroxydihydroresorcylide. Dihydroresorcylide and pyrrocidines A and B were detected by LC-APCI-MS in symptomatic maize kernels from ears that were wound-inoculated in the milk stage with A. zeae NRRL 34559. C1 [Poling, Stephen M.; Wicklow, Donald T.] USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rogers, Kristina D.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Poling, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stephen.poling@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3006 EP 3009 DI 10.1021/jf073274f PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600021 PM 18416554 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE Lee, SU Lee, JS Ohnisi-Kameyama, M Kozukue, N AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. Lee, Seung-Un Lee, Jin-Shik Ohnisi-Kameyama, Mayumi Kozukue, Nobuyuki TI Analysis by HPLC and LC/MS of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE piperanine; piperdardine; piperine; piperionguminine; piperettine; black pepper; white pepper; green pepper; red pepper; HPLC; LC-MS ID PIPER-NIGRUM L.; HIGH-FAT DIET; IN-VITRO; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRINCIPLE-PIPERINE; CONTAINING FOODS; LONGUM L.; EXTRACTS; AMIDES; CONSTITUENTS AB Pepper plants accumulate pungent bioactive alkaloids called piperamides. To facilitate studies in this area, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were developed and used to measure the following piperamides in 10 commercial whole (peppercorns) and in 10 ground, black, white, green, and red peppers: piperanine, piperdardine, piperine, piperlonguminine, and piperettine. Structural identification of individual compounds in extracts was performed by associating the HPLC peak of each compound with the corresponding mass spectrum. The piperanine content of the peppers (in mg/g piperine equivalents) ranged from 0.3 for the ground white pepper to 1.4 in black peppercorns. The corresponding range for piperdardine was from 0.0 for seven samples to 1.8 in black peppercorns; for four isomeric piperines, from 0.7 for red to 129 in green peppercorns; for piperlonguminine, from 0.0 in red peppercorns to 1.0 in black peppercorns; and for piperyline, from 0.9 in ground black pepper to 5.9 for red peppercorn. Four well-separated stereoisomeric forms of piperettine with the same molecular weight were present in 19 peppers. The sums of the piperamides ranged from 6.6 for red to 153 for green peppercorns. In contrast to large differences in absolute concentrations among the peppers, the ratios of piperines to total piperamide were quite narrow, ranging from 0.76 for black to 0.90 for white peppercorns, with an average value of 0.84 +/- 0.04 (n=19). Thus, on average, the total piperamide content of the peppers consists of 84% piperines and 16% other piperamides. These results demonstrate the utility of the described extraction and analytical methods used to determine the wide-ranging individual and total piperamide contents of widely consumed peppers. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lee, Seung-Un; Lee, Jin-Shik; Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Seerv Ind, Gyongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Ohnisi-Kameyama, Mayumi] Natl Food Res Inst, Mass Anal Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3028 EP 3036 DI 10.1021/jf703711z PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600025 PM 18386929 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Liu, ZS Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Liu, Zengshe Adhvaryu, Atanu Erhan, Sevim Z. TI One-pot synthesis of chemically modified vegetable oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; epoxidized soybean oil; acyl derivatives; chemical modification; lubricant ID EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL; N-ALKYL GLUCAMINES; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; GEMINI SURFACTANTS; EPOXIDATION; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS AB Vegetable oils are promising candidates as substitutes for petroleum base oils in lubricant applications, such as total loss lubrication, military applications, and outdoor activities. Although vegetable oils have some advantages, they also have poor oxidation and low temperature stability. One of the ways to address these issues is chemical modification of fatty acid chain of triglyceride. We report a one-pot synthesis of a novel class of chemically modified vegetable oils from epoxidized triacylglycerols and various anhydrides. In an anhydrous solvent, boron trifluoride etherate is used as catalyst to simultaneously open the oxirane ring and activate the anhydride. The reaction was monitored and products confirmed by NMR, FTIR, GPC, and TGA analysis. Experimental conditions were optimized for research quantity and laboratory scale-up (up to 4 lbs). The resultant acyl derivatives of vegetable oil, having diester substitution at the sites of unsaturation, have potential in formulation of industrial fluids such as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and metal working fluids. C1 [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Liu, Zengshe; Adhvaryu, Atanu; Erhan, Sevim Z.] USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Adhvaryu, Atanu] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Sevim.Erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3049 EP 3056 DI 10.1021/jf073070z PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600028 PM 18399638 ER PT J AU Du, WX Olsen, CW Avena-Bustillos, RT Mchugh, TH Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Du, Wen-Xian Olsen, Carl W. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto T. Mchugh, Tara H. Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Storage stability and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157 : H7 of carvacrol in edible apple films made by two different casting methods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carvacrol; film casting; antibacterial apple films; E. coli O157 : H7; HPLC ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; WHOLE BEEF MUSCLE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ZEIN FILMS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BARRIER PROPERTIES; POTASSIUM SORBATE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS AB The antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7 as well as the stability of carvacrol, the main constituent of oregano oil, were evaluated during the preparation and storage of apple-based edible films made by two different casting methods, continuous casting and batch casting. Antimicrobial assays of films and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of film extracts following storage up to 49 days at 5 and 25 degrees C revealed that (a) optimum antimicrobial effects were apparent with carvacrol levels of similar to 1.0% added to the purees prior to film preparation, (b) carvacrol in the films and film weights remained unchanged over the storage period of up to 7 weeks, and (c) casting methods affected carvacrol concentration, bactericidal activity, physicochemical properties, and colors of the apple films. Carvacrol addition to the purees used to prepare the films reduced water vapor and oxygen permeability of apple films. The results indicate that carvacrol has a dual benefit. It can be used to both impart antimicrobial activities and enhance barrier properties of edible films. The cited observations facilitate relating compositional and physicochemical properties of apple puree films containing volatile plant antimicrobials to their use in foods. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Du, Wen-Xian; Olsen, Carl W.; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto T.; Mchugh, Tara H.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3082 EP 3088 DI 10.1021/jf703629s PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600032 PM 18366181 ER PT J AU Im, HW Suh, BS Lee, SU Kozukue, N Ohnisi-Kameyama, M Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Im, Hyon Woon Suh, Bong-Soon Lee, Seung-Un Kozukue, Nobuyuki Ohnisi-Kameyama, Mayumi Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Analysis of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in potato plant flowers, leaves, stems, and tubers and in home-processed potatoes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE potatoes; flowers; leaves; chlorogenic acid; caffeic acid; HPLC; LC/MS ID CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT; PEPPER-CONTAINING FOODS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASCORBIC-ACID; UNITED-STATES; PEEL EXTRACT; FRESH; VEGETABLES; CULTIVARS; HPLC AB Potato plants synthesize phenolic compounds as protection against bruising and injury from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. Because antioxidative phenolic compounds are also reported to participate in enzymatic browning reactions and to exhibit health-promoting effects in humans, a need exists for accurate methods to measure their content in fresh and processed potatoes. To contribute to our knowledge about the levels of phenolic compounds in potatoes, we validated and used high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to measure levels of chlorogenic acid, a chlorogenic isomer, and caffeic acid in flowers, leaves, stems, and tubers of the potato plant and in home-processed potatoes. The total phenolic acid content of flowers (626 mg/100 g fresh wt) was 21 and 59 times greater than that of leaves and stems, respectively. For all samples, chlorogenic acid and its isomer contributed 96-98% to the total. Total phenolic acid levels (in g/100 g fresh wt) of peels of five potato varieties grown in Korea ranged from 6.5 to 42.1 and of the flesh (pulp) from 0.5 to 16.5, with peel/pulp ratios ranging from 2.6 to 21.1. The total phenolic acid content for 25 American potatoes ranged from 1.0 to 172. The highest amounts were present in red and purple potatoes. Home processing of pulp with various forms of heat induced reductions in the phenolic content. The described methodology should facilitate future studies on the role of potato phenolic compounds in the plant and the diet. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Im, Hyon Woon; Suh, Bong-Soon; Lee, Seung-Un; Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Ohnisi-Kameyama, Mayumi] Natl Food Res Inst, Mass Anal Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 40 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 12 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3341 EP 3349 DI 10.1021/jf073476b PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600066 PM 18386928 ER PT J AU Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR AF Mattheis, James P. Rudell, David R. TI Diphenylamine metabolism in 'Braeburn' apples stored under conditions conducive to the development of internal browning SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvesfris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.; DPA; 1-methylcyclopropene; CO2 injury ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ALPHA-FARNESENE; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ELEVATED CO2; NITRIC-OXIDE; STORAGE; DERIVATIVES; OXIDATION; INJURY AB Diphenylamine metabolism and ethylene action were evaluated as factors influencing the development of `Braeburn' apple internal browning and cavitation during cold storage. Apples treated with the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were held at 1 degrees C for up to 6 months in air or a controlled atmosphere (CA) containing 1 kPa of O-2 and 3 kPa of CO2. Cortex tissues from fruit without disorders as well as from symptomatic and asymptomatic areas of fruit with disorders were analyzed for DPA and DPA derivative content. Internal browning and cavities developed in control and 1-MCP-treated fruit stored in CA, whereas air-stored and CA fruit treated with DPA or with DPA and 1-MCP prior to storage did not develop disorders. Depending on the storage regimen and duration, less DPA was detected in 1-MCP-treated fruit. The 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4OHDPA) content of control fruit decreased during air storage duration but increased between 2 and 4 months in CA storage. 4OHDPA content in 1-MCP-treated fruit increased with storage duration in CA but not air. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (NODPA) was detected after 2 months in control fruit stored in air or CA and in 1-MCP-treated fruit stored in CA, and NODPA content in control fruit was higher compared to that in 1-MCP-treated fruit. Accumulation of 4-methoxydiphenylamine (4MeODPA) in control fruit stored in air increased with storage duration, but 4MeODPA content did not change in 1-MCP-treated fruit stored in air or CA. 2-Nitrodiphenylamine content was reduced by prestorage treatment with 1-MCP, but storage environment and duration had no effect on its accumulation. The results indicate that CA storage increases the risk of disorder development in `Braeburn' apples, that DPA can prevent disorder development, and that the content of DPA and DPA derivatives is influenced by storage environment and ethylene action. A clear relationship between DPA derivative formation and storage conditions that promote internal browning was not apparent. C1 [Mattheis, James P.; Rudell, David R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM james.mattheis@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3381 EP 3385 DI 10.1021/jf703768w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600072 PM 18380463 ER PT J AU Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K Mullaney, EJ AF Ullah, Abul H. J. Sethumadhavan, Kandan Mullaney, Edward J. TI Salt effect on the pH profile and kinetic parameters of microbial phytases SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytase; histidine acid phosphatase (HAP); substrate specificity site (SSS); histidine acid; phytase (Haphy) ID ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM; NRRL 3135; ALKALINE AB The pH profiles of two microbial phytases were determined using four different general purpose buffers at different pH values. The roles of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium fluoride on activity were compared in these buffers. For Aspergillus niger phytase, calcium extended the pH range to 8.0. A high concentration of sodium chloride affected the activity of fungal phytase in the pH 3-4 range and shifted the pH optimum to 2.0 from 5.5 in Escherichia coli phytase. As expected, both of the microbial phytases were inhibited by sodium fluoride at acidic pH values. Because the Km for phytate increased nearly 2-fold for fungal phytase while V-max increased about 75% in a high concentration of sodium chloride, it is possible that salt enhanced the product to dissociate from the active site due to an altered electrostatic environment. Modeling studies indicate that while the active site octapeptide's orientation is very similar, there are some differences in the arrangements of alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and coils that could account for the observed catalytic and salt effect differences. C1 [Ullah, Abul H. J.; Sethumadhavan, Kandan; Mullaney, Edward J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ullah, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM abul.ullah@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3398 EP 3402 DI 10.1021/jf073137i PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600075 PM 18399637 ER PT J AU Shappell, N AF Shappell, Nancy TI Comment on extraction and purification of isoflavones from soybeans and characterization of their estrogenic activities SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shappell, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 165 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3427 EP 3427 DI 10.1021/jf0729917 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297ZJ UT WOS:000255655600079 PM 18351737 ER PT J AU Metzger, C Boydston, R Ferguson, H Williams, MM Zack, R Walsh, D AF Metzger, Chase Boydston, Rick Ferguson, Holly Williams, Martin M., II Zack, Richard Walsh, Doug TI Interactions between population density of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and herbicide rate for suppression of solanaceous weeds SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Solanum physalifolium; Solanum triflorum; cutleaf nightshade; hairy nightshade ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ARTHROPOD HERBIVORY; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB The presence of volunteer potato Solanum tuberosum L., cutleaf nightshade, S. triflorum N., and hairy nightshade, S. physalifolium Rusby (Solanales: Solanaceae), throughout potato crop rotations can diminish the effectiveness of crop rotations designed to control disease and pest problems associated with growing potatoes. In greenhouse bioassays, larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were placed in population densities of 0, 5, 10, and 40 per potato (cv. Russet Burbank) plant and 0, 5, 10, and 15 per cutleaf nightshade and hairy nightshade plant. Plants were treated with different rates of herbicides including fluroxypyr, prometryn, and mesotrione rates, and the physiological response on the potato plants was assessed by weighing shoot biomass 14 days after treatment. Consistently, across all bioassays, rate response functions were shifted as L. decemlineata density increased, such that less herbicide was required to achieve control. For instance, the herbicide rate needed to achieve 90% reduction in potato biomass was reduced from 62 to 0 g fluroxypyr per hectare and 711 to 0 g prometryn per hectare as L. decemlineata density was increased to 40 larvae per plant. Herbivory at higher L. decemlineata population densities and herbicides above certain rates resulted in large reductions in cutleaf and hairy nightshade biomass. Differences in rate response functions among L. decemlineata population densities indicated that L. decemlineata contributed to weed suppression in combination with herbicides. These data suggest that integrated weed management systems targeting volunteer potato, cutleaf nightshade, and hairy nightshade can be more effective when herbicide applications are combined with herbivory by naturally occurring Colorado potato beetles. C1 [Metzger, Chase] Washington State Univ, Long Beach Res & Extens Unit, Long Beach, WA 98631 USA. [Boydston, Rick] USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Ferguson, Holly; Walsh, Doug] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zack, Richard] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Metzger, C (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Long Beach Res & Extens Unit, 2907 Pioneer Rd, Long Beach, WA 98631 USA. EM cwmetzger@wsu.edu; rick.boydston@ars.usda.gov; hferguson@wsu.edu; mmwillms@uiuc.edu; zack@wsu.edu; dwalsh@wsu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 38 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308YW UT WOS:000256427800001 ER PT J AU Crasta, OR Folkerts, O Fei, ZJ Mane, SP Evans, C Martino-Catt, S Bricker, B Yu, GX Du, L Sobral, BW AF Crasta, Oswald R. Folkerts, Otto Fei, Zhangjun Mane, Shrinivasrao P. Evans, Clive Martino-Catt, Susan Bricker, Betsy Yu, GongXin Du, Lei Sobral, Bruno W. TI Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus Vaccine Strain S19 Compared to Virulent Strains Yields Candidate Virulence Genes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The Brucella abortus strain S19, a spontaneously attenuated strain, has been used as a vaccine strain in vaccination of cattle against brucellosis for six decades. Despite many studies, the physiological and molecular mechanisms causing the attenuation are not known. We have applied pyrosequencing technology together with conventional sequencing to rapidly and comprehensively determine the complete genome sequence of the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19. The main goal of this study is to identify candidate virulence genes by systematic comparative analysis of the attenuated strain with the published genome sequences of two virulent and closely related strains of B. abortus, 9-941 and 2308. The two S19 chromosomes are 2,122,487 and 1,161,449 bp in length. A total of 3062 genes were identified and annotated. Pairwise and reciprocal genome comparisons resulted in a total of 263 genes that were non-identical between the S19 genome and any of the two virulent strains. Amongst these, 45 genes were consistently different between the attenuated strain and the two virulent strains but were identical amongst the virulent strains, which included only two of the 236 genes that have been implicated as virulence factors in literature. The functional analyses of the differences have revealed a total of 24 genes that may be associated with the loss of virulence in S19. Of particular relevance are four genes with more than 60bp consistent difference in S19 compared to both the virulent strains, which, in the virulent strains, encode an outer membrane protein and three proteins involved in erythritol uptake or metabolism. C1 [Crasta, Oswald R.; Folkerts, Otto; Fei, Zhangjun; Mane, Shrinivasrao P.; Evans, Clive; Martino-Catt, Susan; Yu, GongXin; Sobral, Bruno W.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bricker, Betsy] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Du, Lei] Life Sciences 454, Branford, CT USA. RP Crasta, OR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ocrasta@vbi.vt.edu OI Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450 FU Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; National Science Foundation [OCI-0537461]; NIAID [HHSN26620040035C] FX The project was funded by the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute to Bruno Sobral. The data analysis was also funded through the National Science Foundation (NSF grant # OCI-0537461 to O. Crasta). Preparation and submission of genomic sequences to GenBank and annotation were funded by NIAID Contract HHSN26620040035C to Bruno Sobral and are available at PATRIC's site (http://patric.vbi.vt.edu/). NR 49 TC 54 Z9 379 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2193 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002193 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 390OE UT WOS:000262172800057 PM 18478107 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Redescription of the holotype of Finlaya lepchana Barraud, 1923 (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article C1 [Reinert, John F.] CMAVE, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Reinert, John F.] Smithsonian Inst, WRBU, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), CMAVE, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1600-1700 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@usda.ars.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 12 PY 2008 IS 1767 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 300AD UT WOS:000255795800004 ER PT J AU Feng, JJ Kim, JY Liu, XL Schaad, NW Li, JQ AF Feng Jian-Jun Kim, Ji-yoen Liu Xi-Li Schaad, Norm W. Li Jian-Qiang TI Differentiation of live and dead cell of bacterial plant pathogen in polymerase chain reaction assays using a DNA binding dye SO CHEMICAL JOURNAL OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES-CHINESE LA Chinese DT Article DE ethidium monoazide; interaction; Acidovorax avenae subsp citrulli; PCR; live-dead cell ID ETHIDIUM MONOAZIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; VIABILITY; PCR; WATER AB Polymerase chain reaction( PCR) assays are quicker and often just as sensitive as agar plating assays for detecting plant pathogenic bacteria. However, PCR can be used to detects both live and dead cells. Since dead cells do not cause disease, their detection can be a problem in seed-health testing. Ethidium monoazide(EMA), a DNA binding dye, can prevent the amplification of DNA from dead cells of food-borne bacteria. To test the use of EMA for detecting live cells of Acidovorax; avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), seed extracts, spiked with Aac containing 3 x 10(6), 3 x 10(7), and 3 x 10(8) cfu/mL, were treated with EMA at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/L and incubated at room temperature and at 75 degrees C for 3 min to kill Aac. After 10 min in the dark, the mixtures were put on ice under light for 5, 10, and 15 min to allow EMA to be effective, then assayed by classical PCR and agar plating. The results show that heat-treated suspensions containing dead cells of Aac at a level of 3 x 10(6) cfu/mL were PCR negative when pretreated with 2 mg/L or greater EMA and 10 min or more exposures. However, all treatments without EMA containing Aac at 3 x 10(6) cfu/mL or greater were ineffective as PCR results were positive. These preliminary results show that the addition of EMA to seed extracts containing moderate numbers of Aac has a potential for the specific detection of live cells. C1 [Feng Jian-Jun; Kim, Ji-yoen; Liu Xi-Li; Li Jian-Qiang] China Agr Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Schaad, Norm W.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Li, JQ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM lijq231@cau.edu.en NR 29 TC 3 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0251-0790 J9 CHEM J CHINESE U JI Chem. J. Chin. Univ.-Chin. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 944 EP 948 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 304TO UT WOS:000256132200017 ER PT J AU Dawson, JC Huggins, DR Jones, SS AF Dawson, Julie C. Huggins, David R. Jones, Stephen S. TI Characterizing nitrogen use efficiency in natural and agricultural ecosystems to improve the performance of cereal crops in low-input and organic agricultural systems SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE nutrient cycling; perennial crops; cereal crops ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVARS; GRAIN PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FARMING SYSTEMS; NITRATE UPTAKE; SOIL-NITROGEN; PARTITIONING EFFICIENCY; SUSTAINING PRODUCTIVITY AB Low-input and organic farming systems have notable differences in nitrogen (N) sources, cycling and management strategies compared to conventional systems with high inputs of synthetic N fertilizer. In low-input and organic systems, there is greater reliance on complex rotations including annual and perennial crops, organic N sources, and internal N cycling that more closely mimic natural systems. These differences in farming system practices fundamentally affect N availability and N use efficiency (NUE) and could impact crop traits and breeding strategies required to optimize NUE. We assess genetic and environmental factors that could assist breeders in improving crop performance in low-input and organic farming systems by examining NUE in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Crop plants have often been bred for high N productivity, while plants adapted to low N ecosystems often have lower productivity and higher levels of internal N conservation. Breeders can potentially combine N productivity and N conservation through the use of elite and wild germplasm. Beneficial genetic traits include the ability to maintain photosynthesis and N uptake under N stress and the ability to extract soil N at low concentrations, perhaps through beneficial associations with soil microorganisms. In addition, breeding for specific adaptation to climactic and management practices so that crop uptake patterns match N availability patterns, while minimizing pathways of N loss, will be critical to improving NUE. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dawson, Julie C.; Jones, Stephen S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huggins, David R.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jones, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 291 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM joness@wsu.edu NR 105 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 12 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 2 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.01.001 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299RO UT WOS:000255772900001 ER PT J AU Xin, Z Franks, C Payton, P Burke, JJ AF Xin, Z. Franks, C. Payton, P. Burke, J. J. TI A simple method to determine transpiration efficiency in sorghum SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transpiration efficiency; sorghum; genetic variation ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; YIELD AB Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a C4 cereal grain crop grown primarily in arid and semi-arid regions in the world with limited or no irrigation. Sorghum production fluctuates and largely depends on the amount and distribution of rainfall. Transpiration efficiency (TE), the biomass produced per unit water transpired, could be a potential trait to improve sorghum yield in areas where irrigation is limited. We have developed a mini-lysimetric method that directly measures whole plant TE in sorghum during an early vegetative stage under greenhouse conditions. The method was evaluated with 11 inbred lines and three hybrids under two greenhouse environments. In general, TE determined with the gravimetric method was higher under lower vapor pressure deficit conditions; however, similar rankings in TE were obtained across the experiments. The method described in this report offers a simple, high-throughput, and affordable way to determine the integrated TE in sorghum at an early vegetative stage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xin, Z.; Franks, C.; Payton, P.; Burke, J. J.] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, SPA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Xin, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, SPA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM zhanguo.xin@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.02.006 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 299RO UT WOS:000255772900010 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Lee, K Chao, K Lefcourt, A Cho, BK Jun, W AF Kim, Moon Sung Lee, Kangjin Chao, Kaunglin Lefcourt, Alan Cho, Byung-Kwan Jun, Won TI Online multitasking line-scan imaging techniques for simultaneous safety and quality evaluation of apples SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation CY 2007 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA AB We developed a push-broom, line-scan imaging system capable of simultaneous measurements of reflectance and fluorescence. The system allows multitasking inspections for quality and safety attributes of apples due to its dynamic capabilities in simultaneously capturing fluorescence and reflectance, and selectivity in multispectral bands. A multitasking image-based inspection system for online applications has been suggested in that a single imaging device that could perform a multitude of both safety and quality inspection needs. The presented multitask inspection approach in online applications may provide an economically viable means for a number of food processing industries being able to adapt to operate and meet the dynamic and specific inspection and sorting needs. C1 [Kim, Moon Sung; Chao, Kaunglin; Lefcourt, Alan; Jun, Won] ARS, Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lee, Kangjin] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Engn, Suwon 441100, South Korea. [Cho, Byung-Kwan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Bioind Machinery Engn Dept, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Powder Mill Rd Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9849 J9 MOD PHYS LETT B JI Mod. Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 11 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1142/S0217984908015656 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 304FN UT WOS:000256095500027 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Collins, CDH Goodrich, DC Qi, J Shannon, DT Olsson, A AF Moran, M. S. Collins, C. D. Holifield Goodrich, D. C. Qi, J. Shannon, D. T. Olsson, A. TI Long-term remote sensing database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE; SEMIARID RANGELAND; LANDSAT-TM; IMAGERY; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; REFLECTANCE; ROUGHNESS; ALI AB The USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW), is located in the San Pedro Valley of southeastern Arizona. It is one of the most highly instrumented semiarid experimental watersheds in the world and has one of the largest published collections of spectral imagery with coordinated ground observations. The WGEW Image and Ground Data Archive produced in 2006 (WIDGA06) is a collection of images from satellite- and aircraft-based sensors dating back to 1990 with ancillary ground-based measurements archived with each image. This report provides background information on the collection and archiving of this data set and contact information for obtaining copies of the image and data files. Many images are available in the University of Arizona, Arizona Regional Image Archive (ARIA) (http://aria.arizona.edu). Metadata are available via the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center (SWRC) (http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/). C1 [Moran, M. S.; Collins, C. D. Holifield; Goodrich, D. C.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Qi, J.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Qi, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Shannon, D. T.] Wu Wei Software, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Olsson, A.] Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S10 DI 10.1029/2006WR005689 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 300OB UT WOS:000255832600001 ER PT J AU Gong, P Angelini, DJ Yang, S Xia, G Cross, AS Mann, D Bannerman, DD Vogel, SN Goldblum, SE AF Gong, Ping Angelini, Daniel J. Yang, Shiqi Xia, Guanjun Cross, Alan S. Mann, Dean Bannerman, Douglas D. Vogel, Stefanie N. Goldblum, Simeon E. TI TLR4 signaling is coupled to SRC family kinase activation, tyrosine phosphorylation of zonula adherens proteins, and opening of the paracellular pathway in human lung microvascular endothelia SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BARRIER DYSFUNCTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; P120 CATENIN; C-SRC; VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AB Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key mediator in the vascular leak syndromes associated with Gram-negative bacterial infections. LPS opens the paracellular pathway in pulmonary vascular endothelia through protein tyrosine phosphorylation. We now have identified the protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and their substrates required for LPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and opening of the paracellular pathway in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls). LPS disrupted barrier integrity in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and prior broad spectrum PTK inhibition was protective. LPS increased tyrosine phosphorylation of zonula adherens proteins, VE-cadherin, gamma-catenin, and p120(ctn). Two SRC family PTK (SFK)-selective inhibitors, PP2 and SU6656, blocked LPS-induced increments in tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and p120(ctn) and paracellular permeability. InHMVEC-Ls, c-SRC, YES, FYN, and LYN were expressed at both mRNA and protein levels. Selective small interfering RNA-induced knockdown of c-SRC, FYN, or YES diminished LPS-induced SRC Tyr(416) phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and p120(ctn), and barrier disruption, whereas knockdown of LYN did not. For VE-cadherin phosphorylation, knockdown of either c-SRC or FYN provided total protection, whereas YES knockdown was only partially protective. For p120(ctn) phosphorylation, knockdown of FYN, c-SRC, or YES each provided comparable but partial protection. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was expressed both on the surface and intracellular compartment of HMVEC-Ls. Prior knockdown of TLR4 blocked both LPS-induced SFK activation and barrier disruption. These data indicate that LPS recognition by TLR4 activates the SFKs, c-SRC, FYN, and YES, which, in turn, contribute to tyrosine phosphorylation of zonula adherens proteins to open the endothelial paracellular pathway. C1 [Gong, Ping; Angelini, Daniel J.; Yang, Shiqi; Goldblum, Simeon E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Gong, Ping; Angelini, Daniel J.; Mann, Dean; Goldblum, Simeon E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yang, Shiqi; Goldblum, Simeon E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Vogel, Stefanie N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xia, Guanjun] Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cross, Alan S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bannerman, Douglas D.] USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Goldblum, SE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St,HSF 2-Rm 351, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM sgoldblu@mbrc.umaryland.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-70155, HL-84223]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-18797] NR 91 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 19 BP 13437 EP 13449 DI 10.1074/jbc.M707986200 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 295UQ UT WOS:000255499800083 PM 18326860 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Tian, N Liu, ZH Huang, JA Li, J Ferreira, JFS AF Liu, Shuoqian Tian, Na Liu, Zhonghua Huang, Jianan Li, Juan Ferreira, Jorge F. S. TI Affordable and sensitive determination of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE chromatographic analysis; CC-ECD; quantification; qinghaosu ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLITE DIHYDROARTEMISININ; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN PLASMA; ARTESUNATE; QINGHAOSU; MALARIA; ASSAY; QUANTIFICATION; INFECTIONS AB Artemisinin demand has increased sharply since the World Health Organization recommended its use as part of the artemisinin combination therapies in 2001. The area for the crop cultivation has expanded in Africa and Asia and simpler and affordable methods for arternisinin analysis are needed for crop quality control. This work presented a novel chromatographic method of arternisinin analysis using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. The sample extraction and preparation involved a single-solvent one-step extraction, with samples being analyzed in the extraction solvent directly after extraction. This method was accurate and reproducible with over 97% recoveries. The limit of detection was less than 3 mu g/mL and the limit of quantification was less than 9 mu g/mL, allowing samples as low as 100 mg dry weight to be analyzed for artemisinin. The method can be applied to quality control of commercial plant extracts and to artemisinin-derived pharmaceuticals. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Shuoqian; Tian, Na; Liu, Zhonghua; Huang, Jianan; Li, Juan] Hunan Agr Univ, Nat Prod Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), Hunan Agr Univ, Nat Prod Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China. EM larking_liu@yahoo.com OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 1190 IS 1-2 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.089 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 300TR UT WOS:000255848600036 PM 18353342 ER PT J AU Lapenis, AG Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW Aparin, BF Shiklomanov, AI Speranskaya, NA Torn, MS Calef, M AF Lapenis, A. G. Lawrence, G. B. Bailey, S. W. Aparin, B. F. Shiklomanov, A. I. Speranskaya, N. A. Torn, M. S. Calef, M. TI Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN FORESTS; EVAPORATION; CLIMATE; CALICHE; RIVER; CO2 AB During the last several thousand years the semi-arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in 1998 indicated that the native steppe Chernozems, however, lost 17-28 kg m(-2) of calcium in the form of carbonates in 1970-1998. Here we demonstrate that the loss of calcium was caused by fundamental shift in the steppe hydrologic balance. Previously unleached soils where precipitation was less than potential evapotranspiration are now being leached due to increased precipitation and, possibly, due to decreased actual evapotranspiration. Because this region receives low levels of acidic deposition, the dissolution of carbonates involves the consumption of atmospheric CO(2). Our estimates indicate that this climatically driven terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO(2) is similar to 2.1-7.4 g C m(-2) a(-1). In addition to the net sink of atmospheric carbon, leaching of pedogenic carbonates significantly amplified seasonal amplitude of CO(2) exchange between atmosphere and steppe soil. C1 [Lapenis, A. G.; Calef, M.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lawrence, G. B.] USGS, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, S. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Aparin, B. F.] Cent Dokuchaevs Soil Museum, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Shiklomanov, A. I.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Speranskaya, N. A.] State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg 199053, Russia. [Torn, M. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lapenis, AG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM andreil@albany.edu RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 AR GB2010 DI 10.1029/2007GB003077 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300LV UT WOS:000255826200004 ER PT J AU Wolfenbarger, LL Naranjo, SE Lundgren, JG Bitzer, RJ Watrud, LS AF Wolfenbarger, L. LaReesa Naranjo, Steven E. Lundgren, Jonathan G. Bitzer, Royce J. Watrud, Lidia S. TI Bt Crop Effects on Functional Guilds of Non-Target Arthropods: A Meta-Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Uncertainty persists over the environmental effects of genetically-engineered crops that produce the insecticidal Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We performed meta-analyses on a modified public database to synthesize current knowledge about the effects of Bt cotton, maize and potato on the abundance and interactions of arthropod non-target functional guilds. Methodology/Principal Findings: We compared the abundance of predators, parasitoids, omnivores, detritivores and herbivores under scenarios in which neither, only the non-Bt crops, or both Bt and non-Bt crops received insecticide treatments. Predators were less abundant in Bt cotton compared to unsprayed non-Bt controls. As expected, fewer specialist parasitoids of the target pest occurred in Bt maize fields compared to unsprayed non-Bt controls, but no significant reduction was detected for other parasitoids. Numbers of predators and herbivores were higher in Bt crops compared to sprayed non-Bt controls, and type of insecticide influenced the magnitude of the difference. Omnivores and detritivores were more abundant in insecticide-treated controls and for the latter guild this was associated with reductions of their predators in sprayed non-Bt maize. No differences in abundance were found when both Bt and non-Bt crops were sprayed. Predator-to-prey ratios were unchanged by either Bt crops or the use of insecticides; ratios were higher in Bt maize relative to the sprayed non-Bt control. Conclusions/Significance: Overall, we find no uniform effects of Bt cotton, maize and potato on the functional guilds of non-target arthropods. Use of and type of insecticides influenced the magnitude and direction of effects; insecticde effects were much larger than those of Bt crops. These meta-analyses underscore the importance of using controls not only to isolate the effects of a Bt crop per se but also to reflect the replacement of existing agricultural practices. Results will provide researchers with information to design more robust experiments and will inform the decisions of diverse stakeholders regarding the safety of transgenic insecticidal crops. C1 [Wolfenbarger, L. LaReesa] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. [Bitzer, Royce J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. [Watrud, Lidia S.] US Env Protect Agcy, W Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Env Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Wolfenbarger, LL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM Steve.Naranjo@ars.usda.gov FU EPA [CR-83214701] FX Creation of the full database was funded by EPA grant number CR-83214701 awarded to Michelle Marvier and Peter Karieva. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 132 Z9 146 U1 8 U2 54 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2118 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002118 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 382YX UT WOS:000261642400040 PM 18461164 ER PT J AU Ferris, CD Kruse, JJ AF Ferris, Clifford D. Kruse, James J. TI A new species of Zeiplaphera treitschke (Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Canada; taxonomy; Tortricidae; Zeiraphera unfortunana ID LEPIDOPTERA; PATTERN AB Zeiraphera unfortunana Ferris and Kruse is described from ninety specimens from Canada (type locality: Black Sturgeon Lake, Ontario) and Alaska with illustrations of the adults and genitalia. This species ranges from Nova Scotia to British Columbia, Yukon Territory, and Alaska into northern portions of the United States. C1 [Ferris, Clifford D.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ferris, Clifford D.] Colorado State Univ, CP Gillette Museum Arthropod Divers, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ferris, Clifford D.] Florida State Collect Arthropods, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kruse, James J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, State & Private Forestry, Forest Hlth Protect,Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Ferris, CD (reprint author), 5405 Bill Nye Ave RR 3, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM cdferris@uwyo.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 319LB UT WOS:000257164000003 ER PT J AU Huang, TL Carlson, MC Fitzpatrick, AL Kuller, LH Fried, LP Zandi, PP AF Huang, T. L. Carlson, M. C. Fitzpatrick, A. L. Kuller, L. H. Fried, L. P. Zandi, P. P. TI Knee height and arm span - A reflection of early life environment and risk of dementia SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; KOREAN POPULATION; BODY HEIGHT; ADULT LIFE; LEG LENGTH; GROWTH AB Objectives: To determine if anthropometric measures, as markers of early life environment, are associated with risk of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: A total of 2,798 subjects were followed as part of the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study for an average of 5.4 years; 480 developed dementia. Knee height was measured 3 years prior to and arm span 4 years after the study's baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine their association with subsequent risk of dementia, AD, and VaD. Results: Among women, greater knee height and arm span were associated with lower risks of dementia (knee height: HR per 1-inch increase 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.96; arm span: HR per 1-inch increase 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98) and AD (knee height: HR per 1-inch increase 0.78; 95% CI 0.65-0.93; arm span: HR per 1-inch increase 0.90; 95% CI 0.85-0.96). Women in the lowest quartile of arm span had similar to 1.5 times greater risk of dementia (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.03-2.05) and AD (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.10-2.62) than other women. Among men, only arm span was associated with lower risks of dementia (HR per 1-inch increase 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-1.00) and AD (HR per 1-inch increase 0.92; 95% CI 0.84-1.00). For each gender, knee height was not associated with VaD, while arm span was associated with a nonsignificant lower risk of VaD. Conclusions: Our findings with knee height and arm span are consistent with previous reports and suggest early life environment may play an important role in the determination of future dementia risk. C1 [Huang, T. L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Carlson, M. C.; Zandi, P. P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Fitzpatrick, A. L.] Univ Washington, Dept Mental Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kuller, L. H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Fried, L. P.] Johns Hopkins Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Huang, TL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 9th Floor,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM tina.huang@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-85086, N01 HC-15103, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85080, N01-HC-85081, N01-HC-85082, N01-HC-85083, N01-HC-85084, N01-HC-85085]; NIA NIH HHS [AG15928]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK75610]; NIMH NIH HHS [T32-MH14592] NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 70 IS 19 BP 1818 EP 1826 PN 2 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 312YB UT WOS:000256707200014 PM 18458216 ER PT J AU Zhu, QS Arakane, Y Beeman, RW Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S AF Zhu, Qingsong Arakane, Yasuyuki Beeman, Richard W. Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam TI Functional specialization among insect chitinase family genes revealed by RNA interference SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE functional genomics; gene family; molting defects; wing abnormalities ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TOBACCO HORNWORM; DROSOPHILA; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; DEGRADATION; ANOPHELES; BIOLOGY AB The biological functions of individual members of the large family of chitinase-like proteins from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Tc), were examined by using gene-specific RNAi. One chitinase, TcCHT5, was found to be required for pupal-adult molting only. A lethal phenotype was observed when the transcript level of TcCHT5 was down-regulated by injection of TcCHT5-specific dsRNA into larvae. The larvae had metamorphosed into pupae and then to pharate adults but did not complete adult eclosion. Specific knockdown of transcripts for another chitinase, TcCHT10, which has multiple catalytic domains, prevented embryo hatch, larval molting, pupation, and adult metamorphosis, indicating a vital role for TcCHT10 during each of these processes. A third chitinase-like protein, TcCHT7, was required for abdominal contraction and wing/elytra extension immediately after pupation but was dispensable for larval-larval molting, pupation, and adult eclosion. The wing/elytra abnormalities found in TcCHT7-silenced pupae were also manifest in the ensuing adults. A fourth chitinase-like protein, TcIDGF4, exhibited no chitinolytic activity but contributed to adult eclosion. No phenotypic effects were observed after knockdown of transcripts for several other chitinase-like proteins, including imaginal disk growth factor IDGF2. These data indicate functional specialization among insect chitinase family genes, primarily during the molting process, and provide a biological rationale for the presence of a large assortment of chitinase-like proteins. C1 [Zhu, Qingsong; Arakane, Yasuyuki; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Kramer, Karl J.] USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Muthukrishnan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM smk@ksu.edu RI Z., Q./I-4446-2013 NR 27 TC 74 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 18 BP 6650 EP 6655 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800739105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 300QZ UT WOS:000255841600026 PM 18436642 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. TI Use of FAMACHA system to evaluate gastrointestinal nematode resistance/resilience in offspring of stud rams SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FAMACHA; gastrointestinal nematode management; Haemonchus contortus; Katahdin; lambs ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EYE COLOR CHART; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; RELATIVE RESISTANCE; CLINICAL ANEMIA; SHEEP; INFECTION; PARASITES; LAMBS; GOATS AB High levels of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of small ruminants have created the need for animals with greater resistance to these parasites. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of the FAMACHA system in identification of parasite resilient/resistant offspring, and thus identification of stud rams with greater resilience/ resistance. Katahdin ewes bred in separate groups to two sires to lamb in spring (2004,2005: Ram A and Ram B; 2006,2007: Ram C and Ram D) at the USDA, Agricultural Research Station in Booneville, Arkansas produced 20-40 offspring/sire each year. Ewes and lambs grazed mixed grass (predominantly bermudagrass and ryegrass) pastures and were supplemented with corn/soybean meal between 30 days pre- and 60 days post-lambing (ewes) and starting 45 days of age until weaning (lambs; 95.0 +/- 0.6 days of age). Blood samples and feces were collected from the lambs to determine blood packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC) and FAMACHA scores were determined at 90,120, and 150 days of age. Lambs were dewormed if anemic (PCV < 19% or FAMACHA score >2) and data removed within 30 days after deworming. Data were analyzed for the 2004/2005 and 2006/2007 groups using general linear models with year, sex of lamb, and sire nested within year as variables. Sire differences were detected (P < 0.05 or less) for PCV and FAMACHA at all time points, but not FEC. There tended (P < 0.10) to be sire differences for FEC at 90 and 120 days of age, but not at 150 days of age. Lambs sired by Ram D were dewormed less by 150 days of age than those sired by Ram C. The FAMACHA system can be used to identify superior sires for parasite resilience/resistance, thus increasing flock resilience, and perhaps resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.029 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 298DM UT WOS:000255666600011 PM 18314274 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Pas, A AF Dubey, J. P. Pas, An TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in Blanford's fox (Vulpes cana) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Blanford's fox (Vulpes cana); fatal toxoplasmosis; antibodies; United Arab Emirates ID INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; UROCYON-CINEREOARGENTEUS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; STAGE CONVERSION; RED FOX; OOCYSTS; MICE; DISTEMPER; WILDLIFE; SVALBARD AB Fatal toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a Blanford's fox (Vulpes cana) from the United Arab Emirates. Toxoplasma gondii-like tachyzoites were found associated with necrosis in intestine, spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, skeletal muscle, brain and heart. Protozoal tachyzoites reacted positively with T. gondii-specific polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 10 of 12 V cana assayed by the latex agglutination or the modified direct agglutination test. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pas, An] Breeding Ctr Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.030 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 298DM UT WOS:000255666600020 PM 18329174 ER PT J AU Gamarra, JA Cabezon, O Pabon, M Arnal, MC Luco, DF Dubey, JP Gortazar, C Almeria, S AF Gamarra, J. A. Cabezon, O. Pabon, M. Arnal, M. C. Luco, D. F. Dubey, J. P. Gortazar, C. Almeria, S. TI Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in roe deer from Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; roe deer; Capreolus capreolus; seroprevalence; Spain ID WILD MAMMALS; RED DEER; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTION; SPECIFICITY; ANIMALS; CHAMOIS; NORWAY; PIGS AB Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is an important game animal in Spain. Sera from 278 roe deer from eight areas in mainland Spain were assayed for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by modified agglutination test (MAT). Titers of 1:25 or higher were found in 109 (39.2%) of 278 deer. No significant differences in antibody prevalence were found between sex or age categories. In contrast, significant differences in seroprevalence between locations were evident. Roe deer from the Northern coastal habitats (high humidity and roe deer density) had the highest prevalence, compared with low prevalence in Central Spain (arid areas and low roe deer density). There was a positive correlation between antibody prevalence and mean annual rainfall (r(s) = 0.85, n = 8, P < 0.01). These findings have environmental and/or public health implications because venison can be an important meat source of T gondii infections for humans and feral cats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gamarra, J. A.; Gortazar, C.] CSIC UCLM JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain. [Cabezon, O.; Pabon, M.; Almeria, S.] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Sch Vet, Barcelona, Spain. [Arnal, M. C.; Luco, D. F.] Univ Zaragoza, Sch Vet, SEDIFAS, Zaragoza, Spain. [Almeria, S.] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Res Ctr Anim Hlth CReSA, Barcelona, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; Arnal, Maria Cruz/D-5931-2017 OI Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.028 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 298DM UT WOS:000255666600021 PM 18316161 ER PT J AU Goodrich, DC Keefer, TO Unkrich, CL Nichols, MH Osborn, HB Stone, JJ Smith, JR AF Goodrich, David C. Keefer, Timothy O. Unkrich, Carl L. Nichols, Mary H. Osborn, Herbert B. Stone, Jeff J. Smith, John R. TI Long-term precipitation database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL AB An extensive precipitation database at the similar to 149 km(2) Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) has been developed over the past 53 years with the first records starting in August 1953 and continuing to the present. The WGEW is a tributary of the San Pedro River, is located in southeastern Arizona, and surrounds the town of Tombstone. Average annual precipitation for the period of 1956-2005, as measured with six gauges, is roughly 312 mm, with approximately 60% falling during the summer monsoon. From a historical high of 95 rain gauges, a current network of 88 gauges is operational. This constitutes one of the densest rain gauge networks in the world (similar to 0.6 gauges/km(2)) for watersheds greater than 10 km(2). Through 1999, the network consisted of analog recording weighing rain gauges. In 2000, a newly designed digital gauge with telemetry was placed adjacent (similar to 1 m) to the analog gauges. Both the analog and digital networks of gauges were in operation from 2000 to 2005 to enable a comparative analysis of the two systems. The analog data were digitized from paper charts and were stored in breakpoint format. The digital data consist of rainfall depths at 1-min intervals during periods of rainfall. All these data can be obtained in a variety of formats and were accumulated over various time intervals (daily, monthly, and annual) via a web interface at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/. C1 [Goodrich, David C.; Keefer, Timothy O.; Unkrich, Carl L.; Nichols, Mary H.; Osborn, Herbert B.; Stone, Jeff J.; Smith, John R.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S04 DI 10.1029/2006WR005782 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 300NX UT WOS:000255832200002 ER PT J AU Renard, KG Nichols, MH Woolhiser, DA Osborn, HB AF Renard, K. G. Nichols, M. H. Woolhiser, D. A. Osborn, H. B. TI A brief background on the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL THUNDERSTORM RAINFALL; POINT PROCESSES; BASIN; INFILTRATION; ARIZONA; SOILS AB Watershed research is critical for quantifying the unique characteristics of hydrologic processes worldwide and especially in semiarid regions. In 1953, the United States Department of Agriculture established the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) near Tombstone, Arizona, to conduct hydrologic and erosion research. This manuscript (1) provides a historical context summarizing the evolution of the Southwest Watershed Research Center research program, (2) describes significant contributions to instrumentation development and contributions to science, and (3) describes the current WGEW data collection program in the context of contemporary research questions. The development of specialized flumes for streamflow measurement and the establishment of the core monitoring networks are described. WGEW data have been used to quantify semiarid rainfall, runoff, infiltration, and transmission losses; to develop and validate simulation models; and to support broader, regional, basin-scale research. Currently, rainfall, runoff, sediment, meteorology, and flux data collection continue at the WGEW, but the monitoring network has been expanded, and data use has evolved to support several multiple government agencies, universities, and international research programs. C1 [Renard, K. G.; Nichols, M. H.; Woolhiser, D. A.; Osborn, H. B.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Renard, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mary.nichols@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S02 DI 10.1029/2006WR005691 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 300NX UT WOS:000255832200001 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry TI Role of glassy and crystalline transitions in the responses of corn starches to heat and high pressure treatments: Prediction of solute-induced barostabilty from solute-induced thermostability SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE heat and high pressures treatments; dent and waxy corn starches; glassy or crystalline transitions; thermostabilization; barostabilization ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; POTATO STARCH; WHEAT-STARCH; GELATINIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DIAGRAM AB The effects of heat and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on glassy and crystalline transitions of starches, and the distinctive contributions of amylopectin and amylose, with respect to annealing, gelatinization, pasting, and retrogradation were explored by conducting an experimental design with five factors: type of starch (dent and waxy corn), pressure (atmospheric to 600 MPa), temperature (2570 degrees C), time (5-60 min), and type of diluent (water, most efficient plasticizer, lowest Tg; salt-water, non-glass-forming solvent; and sucrose-water, glass-forming plasticizer, high Tg). When 50% w/w starch slurries were HHP-treated for 15 min at 25 degrees C, treatment at 300 MPa showed no effects on glassy or crystalline transitions, but treatment at 600 MPa showed significant extents of gelatinization and annealing, and smaller extents of subsequent retrogradation, for both starches. Longer treatment time at 600 MPa showed the role of the glass transition. Elevated treatment temperature at 600 MPa showed the roles of both glassy and crystalline transitions. NaCl (2 M, lyotropic concentration) or sucrose (50% w/w, glass-forming concentration) showed thermostabilizing effects against starch gelatinization at atmospheric pressure and baroprotective effects against starch gelatinization during HHP treatment at 600 MPa, 15 min, 25 degrees C. Both the thermoprotective and baroprotective effects of sucrose were more dramatic than those of salt. In the case of dent and waxy corn starches, solute-induced thermostabilization by both NaCl and sucrose predicted solute-induced barostabilization. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kweon, Meera] USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM Meera.Kweon@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 270GR UT WOS:000253709700012 ER PT J AU Crawford, JM Vagstad, AL Whitworth, KR Ehrlich, KC Townsend, CA AF Crawford, Jason M. Vagstad, Anna L. Whitworth, Karen R. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Townsend, Craig A. TI Synthetic strategy of nonreducing iterative polyketide Synthases and the origin of the classical "Starter-Unit effect" SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis; fatty acids; fungal metabolites pigments; polyketides ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; NIDULANS-WA GENE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; NAPHTHOPYRONE; MECHANISM; DOMAIN C1 [Crawford, Jason M.; Vagstad, Anna L.; Whitworth, Karen R.; Townsend, Craig A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Townsend, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ctownsend@jhu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 001670, R01 ES001670]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM080189] NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1023 DI 10.1002/cbic.200700702 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 300BI UT WOS:000255798900002 PM 18338425 ER PT J AU Pan, H Shupe, TF Hse, CY AF Pan, Hui Shupe, Todd F. Hse, Chung-Yun TI Synthesis and cure kinetics of liquefied wood/phenol/formaldehyde resins SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE liquefied wood; phenol; novolac; DSC; kinetics (polym.) ID PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; RESOL RESINS; WOOD; SYSTEM; PARAMETERS; CATALYST; BEHAVIOR AB Wood liquefaction was conducted at a 2/1 phenol/wood ratio in two different reactors: (1) an atmospheric three-necked flask reactor and (2) a sealed Parr reactor. The liquefied wood mixture (liquefied wood, unreacted phenol, and wood residue) was further condensed with formaldehyde under acidic conditions to synthesize two novolac-type liquefied wood/phenol/formaldehyde (LWPF) resins: LWPF1 (the atmospheric reactor) and LWPF2 (the sealed reactor). The LWPF1 resin had a higher solid content and higher molecular weight than the LWPF2 resin. The cure kinetic mechanisms of the LWPF resins were investigated with dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal DSC data indicated that the cure reactions of both resins followed an autocatalytic mechanism. The activation energies of the liquefied wood resins were close to that of a reported lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin but were higher than that of a typical phenol formaldehyde resin. The two liquefied wood resins followed similar cure kinetics; however, the LWPF1 resin had a higher activation energy for rate constant k(1) and a lower activation energy for rate constant k(2) than LWPF2. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Pan, Hui; Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1837 EP 1844 DI 10.1002/app.27756 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 274MC UT WOS:000254004400059 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ AF Biresaw, G. Liu, Z. S. Erhan, S. Z. TI Investigation of the surface properties of polymeric soaps obtained by ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface and interfacial tension; ring-opening polymerization; soy-based polysoaps ID SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION; COMPOSITES AB Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was converted to a polysoap (PESO) via a two-step synthetic procedure of catalytic ring-opening polymerization, followed by hydrolysis (HPESO) with a base. Various molecular weights of PESO and HPESO were prepared by varying the reaction temperature and/or catalyst concentration. In addition, the counter ion chemistry was varied by changing the base used for saponification. The PESO and HPESO products were carefully characterized and identified using a combination of FTIR, H-1-NMR, solid state C-13-NMR, and GPC. The effect of HPESO polysoaps on the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of water-hexadecane was investigated as a function of HPESO concentration, molecular weight, and counter ion chemistry. HPESO polysoaps were effective at lowering the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of water-hexadecane and displayed minimum values in the range of 20-24 and 12-17 dyn/cm, respectively, at concentration of 200-250 mu M. Water-hexadecane interfacial tension was also calculated from measured surface tension data using the Antonoff, harmonic mean (HM), and geometric mean (GM) methods. Measured values agreed well with those calculated using the HM and GM methods, but not the Antonoff method. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Biresaw, G.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Ceral Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Liu, Z. S.; Erhan, S. Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Ceral Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM girma.biresaw@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1976 EP 1985 DI 10.1002/app.27784 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 274MC UT WOS:000254004400077 ER PT J AU Masson, KT AF Masson, K. Thomas TI Construction of spline functions in spreadsheets to smooth experimental data SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE smoothing; splines; spreadsheet; derivatives; integration ID THERMODYNAMIC DATA AB Experimental data are often in need of smoothing without a pre-determined trend line equation. This manuscript demonstrates how spreadsheet software can be programmed to smooth experimental data via cubic splines. Once the trend lines (splines) have been constructed, it is also simple to interpolate values and calculate derivatives and integrals. The formulas to carry out the calculation are listed and explained in the manuscript. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Masson, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM tklasson@srre.ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-9978 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2007.03.006 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 269QI UT WOS:000253663600006 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP Sanogo, MD Nutsugah, SK Angarawai, I Fofana, A Traore, H Ahmadou, I Muuka, FP AF Wilson, J. P. Sanogo, M. D. Nutsugah, S. K. Angarawai, I. Fofana, A. Traore, H. Ahmadou, I. Muuka, F. P. TI Evaluation of pearl millet for yield and downy mildew resistance across seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pennisetum glaucum; Sclerospora graminicola; multi-environment trials; yield potential; yield stability ID SCLEROSPORA-GRAMINICOLA; WEST-AFRICA; ADAPTATION; SELECTION; MANAGEMENT AB Forty pearl millet germplasms consisting of traditional and improved open pollinated varieties, hybrids, and inbreds were selected to represent diversity for grain yield or quality, fertility restoration for specific cytoplasms, resistance to diseases or pests, variation in height and maturity, and origin. Evaluations were conducted in field trials in Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal in 2003 and 2004 and in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Zambia in 2004. Data were collected on yield, downy mildew incidence, maturity, plant height, and panicle length. Variation occurred for all traits across locations and genotypes. Across locations and years, Sosat-C88, ICMV IS 89305, Gwagwa, NKK, Sosank, and CIVT were the highest yielding entries. Yields of Sosat-C88, Sosank, and CIVT were more stable across environments, and yields of ICMV IS 89305, Gwagwa, and NKK increased in response to more favorable environments. Sosank, CIVT, ICMV IS 89305, Sosat-C88, and Gwagwa were also among the most downy mildew resistant entries. Across locations and years, grain yield was negatively correlated with downy mildew incidence, and positively correlated with days to flowering, plant height, and panicle length. These correlations differed among some of the individual trials, with days to flowering having the least consistent correlations with grain yield. Further selection for improved yield and broad adaptation in pearl millet is likely to be possible, however, site-specific selection is necessary to identify other important traits in addition to yield. The high-yielding and downy mildew resistant pearl millets identified in this study will be useful to introgress new traits into preferred local varieties, or to serve as parental material for breeding and hybrid development. C1 [Wilson, J. P.] ARS, USDA, CGBRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Sanogo, M. D.] Inst Econ Rurale Mali, Agr Res Stn, Segou, Mali. [Nutsugah, S. K.] Savannah Agr Res Inst, Tamale, Ghana. [Angarawai, I.] Lake Chad Res Inst, Maiduguri, Nigeria. [Fofana, A.] CRZ, Inst Senegalais Rech Agr, Kolda, Senegal. [Traore, H.] CREAF Kamboinse, Inst Environm & Rech Agr, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Ahmadou, I.] Inst Natl Rech Agron Niger, Niamey, Niger. [Muuka, F. P.] Kaoma Res Stn, Minist Agr, Kaoma, Zambia. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CGBRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jeff.wilson@ars.usda.gov FU U. S. Agency for International Development; Millet Collaborative Research Support Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Agency for International Development via the International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL CRSP). We thank Botorou Ouendeba and David Andrews for providing seed of some of the pearl millet entries. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1991-637X J9 AFR J AGRIC RES JI Afr. J. Agric. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 358RD UT WOS:000259934300007 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Mulla, DJ Jaynes, DB AF Gowda, Prasanna H. Mulla, David J. Jaynes, Dan B. TI Simulated long-term nitrogen losses for a midwestern agricultural watershed in the United States SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fertilizer rate; Total Maximum Daily Load; Upper Mississippi River Basin ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITRATE-NITROGEN; QUALITY; MODEL; DEPTH; CROP; FERTILIZATION; DRAINAGE; TILLAGE; HYPOXIA AB Adequate knowledge on the movement of nutrients under various agricultural practices is essential for developing remedial measures to reduce nonpoint source pollution. Mathematical models, after extensive calibration and validation, are useful to derive such knowledge and to identify site-specific alternative agricultural management practices. A spatial-process model that uses GIS and ADAPT, a field scale daily time-step continuous water table management model, was calibrated and validated for flow and nitrate-N discharges from a 365 ha agricultural watershed in central Iowa, in the Midwestern United States. This watershed was monitored for nitrate-N. losses from 1991 to 1997. Spatial patterns in crops, topography, fertilizer applications and climate were used as input to drive the model. The first half of the monitored data was used for calibration and the other half was used in validation of the model. For the calibration period, the observed and predicted flow and nitrate-N discharges were in excellent agreement with r(2) values of 0.88 and 0.74, respectively. During the validation period, the observed and predicted flow and nitrate-N discharges were in good agreement with r(2) values of 0.71 and 0.50, respectively. For all 6 years of data, the observed annual nitrate-N losses of 26 kg ha(-1) for the entire simulation were in excellent agreement with predicted nitrate-N losses of 24.2 kg ha(-1). The calibrated model was used to investigate the long-term impacts of nitrate-N losses to changes in the rate and timing of fertilizer application. Results indicate that nitrate-N losses were sensitive to rate and timing of fertilizer application. Modeled annual nitrate-N losses showed a 17% reduction in nitrate-N losses by reducing the fertilizer application rate by 20% and switching the application timing from fall to spring. Further reductions in nitrate-N losses require conversion of row cropland to pasture and/or replacement of continuous corn or corn-soybean rotation systems with alternative crops. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gowda, Prasanna H.] USDA ARS, Agr Engineer Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Mulla, David J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55801 USA. [Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Engineer Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd Shipping, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Prasanna.Gowda@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 95 IS 5 BP 616 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.01.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 304WE UT WOS:000256139000012 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Kronberg, SL Gross, JR AF Liebig, M. A. Kronberg, S. L. Gross, J. R. TI Effects of normal and altered cattle urine on short-term greenhouse gas flux from mixed-grass prairie in the Northern Great plains SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE greenhouse gas emission; urine patches; tannin ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; METHANE EMISSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIPPURIC-ACID; SOIL; PASTURE; INHIBITION; DEPOSITION; TANNINS; N2O AB Use of dietary amendments to reduce nitrogen (N) in excreta represents a possible strategy to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock. In this regard, ingestion of small amounts of condensed quebracho tannin has been found to reduce N concentration in livestock urine. In this study, we sought to quantify the effects of tannin-affected cattle urine, normal cattle urine, and NH4NO3 in solution on greenhouse gas flux. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux was measured using static chamber methodology from the three N treatments and a no application control over a 6-week period in a mixed grass prairie in west-central North Dakota, USA. Over the course of the study, average CO2 emission was greatest from normal urine (335 +/- 8 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) and least from the control (229 +/- 9 mg C m(-2) h(-1)), with intermediate fluxes for the tannin urine and NH4NO3 treatments (290 +/- 27 and 286 +/- 54 mg C m(-2) h(-1), respectively). Methane uptake was prevalent throughout the study, as soil conditions were predominantly warm and dry. Uptake of CH4 was greatest within the control (-30 +/- 2 mu g C m(-2) h(-1)) and least in the tannin urine treatment (- 12 +/- 4 mu g C m(-2) h(-1)). Uptake of CH4 was over 40% less within the tannin urine treatment as compared to normal urine, and may have been repressed by the capacity of tannin to bind monooxygenases responsible for CH4 oxidation. Average N2O emission from NH4NO3 solution was more than twice that of all other treatments. Though the tannin urine treatment possessed 34% less N than normal cattle urine, cumulative N2O emission between the treatments did not differ. Results from this study suggest the use of condensed quebracho tannin as a dietary amendment for livestock does not yield GHG mitigation benefits in the short-term. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liebig, M. A.; Kronberg, S. L.; Gross, J. R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.11.004 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290PK UT WOS:000255134500006 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Heitschniidt, RK Haferkamp, MR AF Vermeire, Lance T. Heitschniidt, Rodney K. Haferkamp, Marshall R. TI Vegetation response to seven grazing treatments in the Northern Great Plains SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus; grassland; rotational grazing; mixed prairie; rangeland; standing crop; stocking rate ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; STOCKING RATE; BLUE GRAMA; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; JAPANESE BROME; SHORT DURATION; INTENSITY AB Grazing systems may alter botanical composition and productivity of grasslands through differential use in time, space, or intensity. Seven simulated grazing treatments were applied six years in eastern Montana, USA to determine effects on plant community composition and standing crop. Treatments were moderate stocking (28.8 AUD ha(-1) year(-1)) of cattle using 3-pasture summer rotation, season-long, high-intensity low-frequency, short-duration, 3-pasture winter rotation, and spring calving systems. The final treatment was severe growing-season grazing (108.2 AUD ha(-1) year(-1)). Treatments were randomly assigned to 14, 6. 1 -ha pastures. Post-treatment grass and total standing crops were 54 and 58% of their pre-treatment measures because of extended drought. No single grazing system affected standing crop of any herbage component. Standing crops of Pascopyrum smithii Rydb. (Love) (674 +/- 186 kg ha(-1); P > 0.69), other perennial C-3 grasses (102 +/- 156 kg ha(-1); P > 0.77), perennial C-4 grasses (178 +/- 111 kg ha(-1); P > 0.22), and shrubs (13 +/- 34 kg ha(-1); P > 0.57) were similar across grazing treatments. Severe grazing produced more forbs (142 +/- 16 kg ha(-1); P < 0.0 1) than moderate stocking (67 +/- 16 kg ha(-1)). Annual C-3 grasses increased (P < 0.01) from 131 +/- 55 kg ha(-1) on pastures grazed after May to 362 +/- 55 kg ha(-1) on pastures grazed before June. Cacti also increased (P < 0.03) from 47 to 187 +/- 52 kg ha(-1) on early-grazed pastures. Greater total standing crop on pastures grazed before June (P < 0.03) was accounted for by increases in annual C-3 grasses and cacti. Rotational and continuous grazing strategies produced similar effects on all vegetation components. Grazing systems were not effective in altering standing crop or functional group composition one year after six years of treatment. Standing crop changes over time and limited shifts in forbs, cacti, and annual C-3 grasses indicate northern mixed prairie is most responsive to weather, with stocking rate and timing of grazing contributing minor influences. Published by Elsevier B. C1 [Vermeire, Lance T.; Heitschniidt, Rodney K.; Haferkamp, Marshall R.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM Lance.Venneire@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.003 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290PK UT WOS:000255134500012 ER PT J AU Joice, C Lapsley, K Blumberg, JB AF Joice, Colleen Lapsley, Karen Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Almonds as a value added ingredient - Benefits of a nutrient rich, high fibre nut SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIETARY FIBER; BODY-WEIGHT; CONSUMPTION; NUTRITION; LIPIDS; SEEDS; ASSOCIATION; RESISTANCE AB Increased consumption of plant foods high in dietary fibre and phytochemicals is associated with a reduced risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and some forms of cancer. As part of a healthful diet and lifestyle, almond consumption promotes satiety, serum cholesterol reduction, and blood sugar control by serving as a good source of monounsaturated fat, dietary fibre, phytochemicals, and vitamin E. Awareness of the health benefits of whole almonds and their components could provide additional appeal for consumers and add value to food manufacturers reformulating products to provide higher levels of fibre and other important nutrients. C1 [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lapsley, Karen] Almond Board Calif, Modesto, CA 95354 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 1722-6996 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 321EV UT WOS:000257288400003 ER PT J AU Sivanpillai, R Booth, DT AF Sivanpillai, Ramesh Booth, D. Terrance TI Characterizing rangeland vegetation using Landsat and 1-mm VLSA data in central Wyoming (USA) SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE shrub land; sagebrush; remote sensing; satellite data; regression analysis ID COVER; CALIBRATION; BIOMASS AB As an alternative to ground-cover data collection by conventional and expensive sampling techniques, we compared measurements obtained from very large scale aerial (VLSA) imagery for calibrating moderate resolution Landsat data. Using a grid-based sampling scheme, 162 VLSA images were acquired at 100 m above ground level. The percent vegetation cover in each photo was derived using SamplePoint (a manual inventory method) and VegMeasure (a reflectance based, automated method). Approximately two-thirds of the VLSA images were used for calibrating Landsat data while the remainder was used for validation. Regression models with Landsat bands accounted for 55% of the VegMeasure-based measurements of vegetation, whereas models that included both Landsat bands and elevation data accounted for 67%. The relationship between the Landsat bands and the percent vegetation cover measured by SamplePoint was lower (R(2) = 20%), highlighting the differences between the inventory and reflectance based protocols. Results from the model validation indicated that the model's predictive power was lower when the vegetation cover was either < 20% or > 55%. Additional work is needed in these ecosystems to improve the calibration techniques for sites with low and high vegetation cover; however, these results demonstrate the VLSA imagery could be used for calibrating Landsat data and deriving rangeland vegetation cover. By adopting such methodologies the US Federal land management agencies can increase the efficiency of the monitoring programs in Wyoming and in other western states of the US. C1 [Sivanpillai, Ramesh] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Booth, D. Terrance] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Sivanpillai, R (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM sivan@uwyo.edu; Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov RI Sivanpillai, Ramesh/A-7242-2009 OI Sivanpillai, Ramesh/0000-0003-3547-9464 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9115-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 285VF UT WOS:000254803600006 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Shankle, MW Sistani, KR Adeli, A Rowe, DE AF Tewolde, H. Shankle, M. W. Sistani, K. R. Adeli, A. Rowe, D. E. TI No-till and conventional-till cotton response to broiler litter fertilization in an upland soil: Lint yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PLANT-PARTS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; EROSION; CROP AB The effectiveness of poultry litter as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fertilizer is not well documented for upland soils in the southern and southeastern United States. The objective of this research was to measure cotton yield response to broiler litter fertilization in contrast to inorganic N fertilization and to quantify yield reduction due to lack of incorporation under no-till and conventional-till systems in an upland soil. Six treatments were tested in two unreplicated adjacent fields, one under no-till (NT) and the other under conventional-till (CT) management, from 2003 to 2006 near Pontotoc, MS. The treatments consisted of an unfertilized control (UTC), a standard fertilization (STD) with urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN), fertilization with similar to 5.2 Mg ha(-1) incorporated or unincorporated broiler litter to supply 67% of the N need plus 34 kg ha(-1) UAN-N to supply 33% of the N need, and fertilization with similar to 7.8 Mg ha(-1) incorporated or unincorporated broiler litter. Lint yield results showed broiler litter was a more effective cotton fertilizer than inorganic fertilizers under both NT and CT systems. The UTC produced an average across years of 870 kg ha(-1) lint under NT and 1105 kg ha(-1) under CT. The STD treatment increased yield over the UTC by only 121 kg ha(-1) (14%) under the NT and did not affect yield under the CT. Fertilization with litter-only when incorporated, relative to the UTC, increased lint yield by 260 kg ha(-1) (30%) under NT and by 137 kg ha(-1) (12%) under CT. The yield of this incorporated litter-only treatment exceeded the yield of the STD treatment by 139 kg ha(-1) (14%) under NT and by 115 kg ha(-1) (10%) under CT. Fertilization with litter also resulted in greater leaf area index but less chlorophyll index than the STD treatment. Lack of litter incorporation reduced yield by up to 84 kg ha(-1) under NT but did not affect yield under CT. Overall, broiler litter appears to be a more effective cotton fertilizer than conventional inorganic N fertilizers for this upland soil, but the inherent inability to incorporate under no-till may reduce this benefit. C1 [Tewolde, H.; Adeli, A.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Shankle, M. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Pontotoc, MS 38863 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0137 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500005 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA AF Sanderson, Matt A. TI Upland switchgrass yield, nutritive value, and soil carbon changes under grazing and clipping SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; BIOMASS; PENNSYLVANIA; REGISTRATION; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVAR; DYNAMICS; BIOFUEL; SEASON AB There have been few evaluations of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars under multiple harvest managements in the northeastern United States. The objective of this study was to determine the yield, nutritive value, and soil C changes of switchgrass cultivars under grazing and clipping. In 1999, 'Cave-in-Rock', 'Trailblazer', and 'Shawnee' switchgrass were established in field plots at Rock Springs, PA, and in pastures in southeastern Pennsylvania. In 2000 and 2001, two- and three-cut treatments were imposed at Rock Springs. At the southeastern Pennsylvania site, pastures were grazed three or four times per year during 2000 to 2004. Forage yield, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) were determined at each harvest. Soil was analyzed for C and stable C isotopes before planting in 1999 and at the end of the experiments. Cultivars differed slightly in yield and nutritive value. Variation in forage yield was greater among years and management treatments (3300 to 8200 kg ha(-1)) than among cultivars (5900 to 9400 kg ha(-1)). Trailblazer suffered from leaf diseases and lodging during wet years. There were no differences among cultivars in soil C. Soil C accumulated in the surface 5 cm of soil after 7 yr at Rock Springs, but soil C did not change after 5 yr of grazing. By the end of the experiments, about 20% of soil C in the surface 5 cm was derived from switchgrass. Cave-in-Rock and Shawnee are equally suited and superior to Trailblazer for hay and grazing in Pennsylvania and similar areas in the northeast. C1 [Sanderson, Matt A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matt.sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0183 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500006 ER PT J AU Kim, KI Clay, DE Carlson, CG Clay, SA Trooien, T AF Kim, Ki-In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. TI Do synergistic relationships between nitrogen and water influence the ability of corn to use nitrogen derived from fertilizer and soil? SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA APPLICATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT ZONES; NITRATE MOVEMENT; IRRIGATED CORN; ORGANIC-CARBON; YIELD RESPONSE; USE EFFICIENCY; LANDSCAPE; WHEAT AB To improve site-specific N recommendations a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for synergistic relationships between N and water is needed. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of soil water regime on the ability of corn (Zea mays L.) to use N derived from fertilizer and soil. A randomized split-block experiment was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Soil at the site was a Brandt silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive frigid Calcic Hapludoll). Blocks were split into moderate (natural rainfall) and high (natural + supplemental irrigation) water regimes. Nitrogen rates were 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg urea-N ha(-1) that was surface applied. Water, soil N, and N fertilizer use efficiencies were determined. Plant utilization of soil N was determined by mass balance in the unfertilized control plots and by using the delta N-15 approach in fertilized plots. Findings showed that: (i) plants responded to N and water simultaneously; (ii) N fertilizer increased water use efficiency (170 kg vs. 223 kg grain cm(-1) in 0 and 112 kg N ha(-1) treatments, respectively); and (iii) water increased the ability of corn to use N derived from soil (67.7 and 61.6% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, P = 0.002) and fertilizer (48 and 44% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, P = 0.10). Higher N use efficiency in the high water regime was attributed to two interrelated factors. First, total growth and evapotranspiration (ET) were higher in the high than the moderate water regime. Second, N transport to the root increased with water transpired. For precision farming, results indicate that: (i) the amount of N fertilizer needed to produce a kg of grain is related to the yield loss due to water stress; and (ii) the rate constant used in yield goal equations can be replaced with a variable. C1 [Clay, D. E.; Carlson, C. G.; Clay, S. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Trooien, T.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kim, Ki-In] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Clay, DE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.clay@sdstate.edu NR 43 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0064 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500011 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Shankle, MW Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE AF Adeli, Ardeshir Shankle, Mark W. Tewolde, Haile Sistani, Kararnat R. Rowe, Dennis E. TI Nutrient dynamics from broiler litter applied to no-till cotton in an upland soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; CROP PRODUCTION; PLANT-PARTS; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; CORN; MANURE; ACCUMULATION; POTASSIUM; MANAGEMENT AB Applying broiler litter to the soil surface of a no-till field of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) increases the potential loss of its nutrients via runoff and volatilization. An experiment was conducted over 3 yr on an upland Atwood silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudalfs) near Pontotoc, MS, to determine the effect of broiler litter incorporation into the surface soil of no-till cotton on nutrient availability, movement, and accumulation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six treatments replicated four times. Treatments were an unfertilized control, inorganic N-P-K fertilizer at the recommended rate, broiler litter at the rate of 5.2 Mg ha(-1) plus 34 kg ha(-1) supplemental N, and broiler litter at 7.8 Mg ha(-1) without supplemental N. A surface incorporated treatment was also included for each litter rate to test for the effects of incorporation. Broiler litter significantly increased soil nutrient concentrations compared to the control. Incorporating litter into the surface soil retained more nutrients in the soil and enhanced C sequestration over nonincorporation, indicating losses of nutrients without incorporation. Application of litter at the higher rate exceeded cotton nutrient utilization as evidenced by increasingsoil NO3-N and accumulation of P, K, Cu, and Zn in the top 5 cm of the soil. Incorporating litter increased soil nutrient content higher than nonincorporation. Incorporation of litter into the surface soil of a no-till cotton significantly reduces nutrient losses from the field. C1 [Adeli, Ardeshir; Tewolde, Haile] USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Shankle, Mark W.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Pontotoc, MS 38863 USA. [Sistani, Kararnat R.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Rowe, Dennis E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Ardeshir.Adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 564 EP 570 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0224 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500013 ER PT J AU Solari, F Shanahan, J Ferguson, R Schepers, J Gitelson, A AF Solari, Fernando Shanahan, John Ferguson, Richard Schepers, James Gitelson, Anatoly TI Active sensor reflectance measurements of corn nitrogen status and yield potential SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; USE EFFICIENCY; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; REMOTE ESTIMATION; STAND UNIFORMITY; MAIZE CANOPIES; VEGETATION; VARIABILITY AB Active sensor reflectance assessments of corn (Zea mays L.) canopy N status are advocated to direct variable N applications and improve N use efficiency (NUE). Our goals were to determine: (i) growth stage and (ii) sensor vegetation index with greatest sensitivity in assessing N status and grain yield. Variable crop N was generated by supplying N at different amounts and times in three field studies. Chlorophyll meter (CM) and sensor data were gathered at two vegetative (V11 and V15) and two reproductive (R1 and R3) growth stages, using the Crop Circle sensor that measures reflectance in visible (590 nm) and near infrared (NIR) (880 nm) bands. Sensor data were converted to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI590) and chlorophyll index (CI590) values. Grain yields were also determined. Sensor indices were more highly correlated with CM readings for vegetative vs. reproductive growth (r(2) of 0.85 vs. 0.55). The CM vs. CI590 slope was over twice the NDVI590 slope value, indicating CI590 was more sensitive than NDVI590 in assessing canopy greenness. Indices did not differ in ability to distinguish yield variation. Results indicate sensor CI590 values collected during vegetative growth are best suited to direct variable N applications. C1 [Shanahan, John; Schepers, James] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ferguson, Richard] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gitelson, Anatoly] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Shanahan, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Shanahan@ars.usda.gov RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012; OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 44 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0244 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500014 ER PT J AU Henry, WB Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF Calderon, FJ West, MS AF Henry, W. Brien Nielsen, David C. Vigil, Merle F. Calderon, Francisco J. West, Mark S. TI Proso millet yield and residue mass following direct harvest with a stripper-header SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WIND EROSION; CROP ROTATIONS; WINTER-WHEAT; WATER-USE; SOIL; SUNFLOWER; SYSTEMS; DRYLAND; HEIGHT AB Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) (PM) is an important crop for dryland rotations in the central Great Plains. The crop is traditionally swathed before combining to promote uniform drying of the panicle and to minimize seed shattering losses. Direct harvesting of PM with a stripper-header would eliminate the swathing operation resulting in cost savings, and increased standing crop residues to enhance erosion protection, snow catch, and precipitation storage efficiency. This study was conducted to determine yield differences between conventionally swathed and stripper-header harvested PM and to compare PM residue mass and orientation following the two harvest techniques. The study was conducted over four growing seasons at Akron, CO. Proso millet was harvested either by swathing and then picking up the swath with a combine, or by direct harvesting with a stripper-header attached to the combine. Seed yields and moisture contents at harvest were not significantly different between treatments. About 20% more seed was found on the ground with the stripper-header harvest than with the conventionally swathed harvest, but the increased shattering resulted in only about 1% loss of the average final yield. Using a stripper-header resulted in both the standing residue mass and the silhouette area index following harvest to be four times greater than in conventionally swathed PM. A stripper-header can be used to successfully direct harvest PM thereby reducing harvest costs and increasing surface crop residues following harvest. C1 [Nielsen, David C.; Vigil, Merle F.; Calderon, Francisco J.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Henry, W. Brien] USDA ARS, Corn Host Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [West, Mark S.] USDA ARS, NPA, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 580 EP 584 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0268 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500015 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Gesch, RW AF Sharratt, Brenton S. Gesch, Russell W. TI Emergence of polymer-coated corn and soybean influenced by tillage and sowing date SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; RESIDUE PLACEMENT; STUBBLE HEIGHT; GROWTH; BELT; SYSTEMS AB No tillage often delays soil warming and drying, thus sowing too early in the spring may compromise seed viability due to prolonged exposure to cold and wet soil in the northern Corn Belt. Coating seed with a temperature-activated polymer may circumvent the adverse effects of exposing seeds to cold and wet soil. Germination and emergence of noncoated and polymer-coated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed as influenced by tillage and sowing date was examined near Morris, MN. Conventional and no tillage plots were split to accommodate early and late sowing-date treatments while sowing-date plots were split to accommodate seed coat treatments. Near-surface soil water content and temperature, seed germination, and seedling emergence were monitored in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Germination of corn and soybean was delayed by as much as 6 and 11 d, respectively, as a result of sowing polymer-coated vs. noncoated seed. This delay was also evidenced by polymer-coated seed requiring more thermal time (> 200 degrees C h for corn and > 1000 degrees C h for soybean) to germinate and emerge than noncoated seed. Tillage, sowing date, and seed coating had little influence on plant population of corn. Sowing date and seed coating, however, influenced plant population of soybean in 2 out of 3 yr of this study. We surmise that polymer-coated soybean seed produced a poorer stand as a result of exposure of the hypocotyl to lethal soil temperatures during emergence. This study suggests that temperature-activated polymer coatings delay germination and emergence of corn and soybean. C1 [Sharratt, Brenton S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gesch, Russell W.] USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0158 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500016 ER PT J AU Liebman, M Gibson, LR Sundberg, DN Heggenstaller, AH Westerman, PR Chase, CA Hartzler, RG Menalled, FD Davis, AS Dixon, PM AF Liebman, Matt Gibson, Lance R. Sundberg, David N. Heggenstaller, Andrew H. Westerman, Paula R. Chase, Craig A. Hartzler, Robert G. Menalled, Fabian D. Davis, Adam S. Dixon, Philip M. TI Agronomic and economic performance characteristics of conventional and low-external-input cropping systems in the central corn belt SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SETARIA-FABERI DEMOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; ROTATION SYSTEMS; MANURE APPLICATION; SEED PRODUCTION; YIELD; AGRICULTURE; DYNAMICS; ALFALFA AB We conducted a 9-ha field experiment near Boone, IA, to test the hypothesis that yield, weed suppression, and profit characteristics of low-external-input (LEI) cropping systems can match or exceed those of conventional systems. Over a 4-yr period, we compared a conventionally managed 2-yr rotation system {corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]} with two LEI systems: a 3-yr corn/soybean/small grain + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation, and a 4-yr corn /soybean/small grain + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)/alfalfa rotation. Synthetic N fertilizer use was 59 and 74% lower in the 3- and 4-yr systems, respectively, than in the 2-yr system; similarly, herbicide use was reduced 76 and 82% in the 3- and 4-yr systems. Corn and soybean yields were as high or higher in the LEI systems as in the conventional system, and weed biomass in corn and soybean was low (:54.2 g m(-2)) in all systems. Experimentally supplemented giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) seed densities in the surface 20 cm of soil declined in all systems; supplemented velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) seed densities declined in the 2- and 4-yr systems and remained unchanged in the 3-yr system. Without subsidy payments, net returns were highest for the 4-yr system ($540 ha(-1) yr(-1)), lowest for the 3-yr system ($475 ha(-1) yr(-1)), and intermediate for the 2-yr system ($504 ha(-1) yr(-1)). With subsidies, differences among systems in net returns were smaller, as subsidies favored the 2-yr system, but rank order of the systems was maintained. C1 [Liebman, Matt; Gibson, Lance R.; Sundberg, David N.; Heggenstaller, Andrew H.; Hartzler, Robert G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Westerman, Paula R.] Univ Lleida, Dept Hortofruticultura Bot & Jardineria, Lleida 25198, Spain. [Chase, Craig A.] Iowa State Univ Extens, Tripoli, IA 50676 USA. [Menalled, Fabian D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dixon, Philip M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liebman, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mliebman@iastate.edu RI Westerman, Paula/K-6427-2012; OI westerman, paula/0000-0002-1012-7828 NR 59 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0222 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500018 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Singh, BP AF Sainju, Upendra M. Singh, Bharat P. TI Nitrogen storage with cover crops and nitrogen fertilization in tilled and nontilled soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CORN PRODUCTION; C-13 ABUNDANCE; TILLAGE; NITRATE; RESIDUE; MATTER; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; ACCUMULATION AB Improved crop and N management practices are needed to increase soil N storage so that N fertilization rate and the potential for N leaching can be reduced in tilled and nontilled soils. We examined the influence of cover crops and N fertilization rates on N inputs from cover crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soil total N (STN) content at the 0- to 120-cm depth in no-tilled, strip-tilled, and chisel-tilled Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults) from 2000 to 2002 in central Georgia. Cover crops were legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch + rye), and winter weeds and N fertilization rates were 0, 60 to 65, and 120 to 130 kg N ha(-1). Nitrogen inputs in above- and belowground plant biomass varied with the season and were greater in vetch and vetch + rye with N rates than in rye and weeds with or without N in tilled and nontilled soils. The STN concentration varied with sampling times and decreased with depth. The STN content at 0 to 90 cm was greater in vetch and vetch + rye with N rates than in weeds with or without N in no-tilled and chisel-tilled soils. Similarly, STN content at 0 to 30 cm was greater with vetch and vetch + rye than with weeds in strip-tilled soil. As a result, N storage at 0 to 30 cm gained at 71 to 108 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in vetch and vetch + rye with N fertilization compared with a loss at 110 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) to a gain at 40 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in weeds with or without N fertilization in no-tilled and chisel-tilled soils. In strip-tilled soil, N storage gained at 101 to 103 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with vetch and vetch + rye compared with a loss at 91 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with weeds. Nitrogen storage in tilled and nontilled soils can be increased by using legume or a biculture of legume and nonlegume cover crops compared with no cover crop with or without N fertilization. Because of similar levels of soil N storage and cotton and sorghum N uptake, legume can be replaced by biculture cover crop and N fertilization rate can be reduced to reduce the cost of N fertilization and the potential for N leaching. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Singh, Bharat P.] Ft Valley State Univ, USDA ARS, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0236 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500020 ER PT J AU Berti, MT Johnson, BL Gesch, RW Forcella, F AF Berti, Marisol T. Johnson, Burton L. Gesch, Russ W. Forcella, Frank TI Cuphea nitrogen uptake and seed yield response to nitrogen fertilization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SALICYLIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; CORN-BELT; OIL; GROWTH; VISCOSISSIMA; MANAGEMENT; HARVEST; NITRATE; TIME AB Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton, PSR23) is an oilseed crop that is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids. Progress has been made on improving cuphea agronomically, but little is known about N fertility requirements for optimum cuphea production. The objective of this study was to determine the N necessary for maximizing seed yield and oil content. Experiment I was conducted at Casselton, ND, in 2005 and at Glyndon, MN, in 2005 and 2006 in which fertility treatments (soil + fertilizer N) were 44, 60,80, 100,150, and 200 kg N ha(-1). Experiment 2 was conducted at Morris, MN, in 2005 and 2006, in which fertility treatments (soil + fertilizer N) were 51, 93, 140, and 185 kg N ha(-1). As N fertility increased, plant tissue NO3-N increased, but as developmental stage advanced, plant NO3-N was diluted and decreased. According to the regression model, maximum total N uptake at harvest occurred at 139 kg N ha(-1), which includes N from the fertilizer and from the soil. This could classify cuphea as a medium-N-requirement crop. Seed yield was enhanced with N fertility only at Morris, where maximum seed yield occurred at 185 kg N ha(-1). However, seed yield increase obtained with added N fertilizer (134 kg N ha(-1)) was only 71 kg ha(-1). Nitrogen fertilizer cost would be greater than the profit obtained with the incremental seed yield; thus N fertilizer application was not economical in this study. C1 [Berti, Marisol T.] Univ Concepcion, Fac Agron, Chillan, Chile. [Johnson, Burton L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gesch, Russ W.; Forcella, Frank] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Berti, MT (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Fac Agron, Chillan, Chile. EM mberti@udec.cl NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 628 EP 634 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0266 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500021 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Vick, BA Ebelhar, MW Buehring, N Baldwin, BS Astatkie, T Miller, JF AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Vick, Brady A. Ebelhar, M. Wayne Buehring, Normie Baldwin, Brian S. Astatkie, Tess Miller, Jerry F. TI Yield, oil content, and composition of sunflower grown at multiple locations in Mississippi SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; SEED-OIL; OILSEED CROPS; GREAT-PLAINS; CULTIVARS; HEIGHT; DEPTH AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is not a common crop in Mississippi and southeastern United States. There is potential for sunflower (for production of cooking oil or biodiesel) to fit into traditional cropping systems of Mississippi and to improve economic sustainability of agriculture in the region. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of N (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg ha(-1)), hybrid (DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, and DKF3901), and their interaction on seed yield, oil content, and oil composition of sunflower grown at five locations in Mississippi (Newton, Starkville, Stoneville, and two locations in Verona). Oleic acid concentration in the original planting seed oil was 29% (DKF3875), 26% (DKF2990), 85% (DKF3510), and 41% (DKF3901). In Stoneville, Newton, and Verona 2, DKF3510 had the highest seed yields. DKF2990 had lower yields in Stoneville and in Verona 2. Seed oil concentration was higher in DKF3875 and DKF2990 (43-47%) and lower in DKF3510 and DKF3901 (40-44%) at Stoneville and Verona 2. At Newton however, oil concentration was highest in DKF2990, lower in DKF3510 and DKF3901 and lowest in DKF3875. Overall, increasing N rates reduced seed oil concentration but increased seed yields and subsequently oil yield per area. Relative to the concentration in the original seed used for planting, oleic acid generally increased in all locations and hybrids. There was a corresponding decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid. Oil yields varied between 483 and 1388 L ha(-1) and calculated biodiesel oil per area varied from 386 to 1110 L ha(-1) with the different N treatments and locations. Sunflower can be a viable crop in most parts of Mississippi for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Buehring, Normie] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Vick, Brady A.; Miller, Jerry F.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Ebelhar, M. Wayne] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Baldwin, Brian S.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Engn, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S,POB 1690, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0253 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500022 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR AF Fleisher, David H. Timlin, Dennis J. Reddy, Vangimalla R. TI Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and water stress on potato canopy growth and development SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS; ONTOGENY AFFECTS RESPONSE; RED OAK SEEDLINGS; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; INDIVIDUAL LEAVES AB Reductions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopy growth are observed with mild water stress. Potato growth is enhanced by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO(2)]), but interactions of [CO(2)] and water stress on canopy formation and dry matter partitioning have not been studied. Two soil-plant-atmosphere research (SPAR) experiments were conducted at 370 or 740 mu mol mol(-1) [CO(2)] and six different irrigations from 10 to 100% of the daily water uptake of the control. Increases in plant length from 23 to 111 cm at 60 d after emergence (DAE), leaf appearance duration from 38 to 71 d, leaf appearance rate from 0.5 to 0.93 leaves d(-1), individual leaf area from 50 to 175 cm(2) and lateral branch elongation were observed as irrigation increased. Values were generally smaller for elevated [CO(2)] plants under water stress. Biomass increased with irrigation from 73 to 346 g plant(-2). The percentage allocated to the canopy increased with irrigation from 50 to 80% in ambient and 30 to 80% in elevated [CO(2)]. Despite decreased canopy size, elevated [CO(2)] plants produced similar total biomass, but higher yield, at most irrigations. Reduced canopy mass in elevated [CO(2)] plants was attributed to suppressed lateral branch development due to an interactive effect of [CO(2)] and water stress on tuber sink strength. These results indicate that water stress predicted by climate change models will be mediated somewhat under [CO(2)] enrichment. C1 [Fleisher, David H.; Timlin, Dennis J.; Reddy, Vangimalla R.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.fleisher@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0188 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500032 ER PT J AU Springer, TL AF Springer, T. L. TI A swinging stage to continuously level a platform balance for field use SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Subsample wet weight is usually taken with a portable platform balance often times situated on the tailgate of a truck. Each time the vehicle is moved, the balance must be re-leveled, and depending on the terrain, it may have to be shimmed. A "Swinging Stage" was designed, built, and tested to determine its usefulness in weighing subsamples. The Swinging Stage was constructed from common materials and takes about an hour to build. After the parts are cut and preassembled, the support hanger can be secured to a truck's stake rack and the stage suspended from it. Next, a platform balance can be placed onto the stage and initially leveled. To test the Swinging Stage performance, the vehicle was moved several times onto varying slopes and each time the balance remained level. The Swinging Stage eliminated the time and frustration of leveling a platform balance each time the vehicle was moved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM Tim.Springer@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 783 EP 784 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0359N PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500043 ER PT J AU Cavigelli, MA Teasdale, JR Conklin, AE AF Cavigelli, Michel A. Teasdale, John R. Conklin, Anne E. TI Long-term agronomic performance of organic and conventional field crops in the mid-Atlantic region SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE CORN PRODUCTION; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; COVER CROP; FARMING SYSTEMS; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; WEED INTERFERENCE; NITROGEN-SOURCE; SOIL-NITROGEN; SWEET CORN; MANAGEMENT AB Despite increasing interest in organic grain crop production, there is inadequate information regarding the performance of organically-produced grain crops in the United States, especially in Coastal Plain soils of the mid-Atlantic region. We report on corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Farming Systems Project (FSP), a long-term cropping systems trial established in Maryland in 1996 to evaluate the sustainability of organic and conventional grain crop production. The five FSP cropping systems include a conventional no-till corn-soybean-wheat/soybean rotation (NT), a conventional chisel-till corn-soybean-wheat/soybean rotation (CT), a 2-yr organic corn-soybean rotation (Org2), a 3-yr organic corn-soybean-wheat rotation (Org3), and a 4- to 6-yr organic corn-soybean-wheat-hay rotation (Org4+). Average corn grain yield during 9 yr was similar in NT and CT (7.88 and 8.03 Mg ha(-1), respectively) but yields in Org2, Org3, and Org4+ were, respectively, 41, 31, and 24% less than in CT. Low N availability explained, on average, 73% of yield losses in organic systems relative to CT while weed competition and plant population explained, on average, 23 and 4%, respectively, of these yield losses. The positive relationship between crop rotation length and corn yield among organic systems was related to increasing N availability and decreasing weed abundance with increasing rotation length. Soybean yield averaged 19% lower in the three organic systems (2.88 Mg ha(-1)) than in the conventional systems (3.57 Mg ha(-1)) and weed competition alone accounted for this difference. There were no consistent differences in wheat yield among cropping systems. Crop rotation length and complexity had little impact on soybean and wheat yields among organic systems. Results indicate that supplying adequate N for corn and controlling weeds in both corn and soybean are the biggest challenges to achieving equivalent yields between organic and conventional cropping systems. C1 [Cavigelli, Michel A.; Teasdale, John R.; Conklin, Anne E.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cavigelli, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Rm 140,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM michel.cavigelli@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0373 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500044 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Corson, MS Gilmanov, TG AF Skinner, R. Howard Corson, Michael S. Gilmanov, Tagir G. TI Simulating gross primary productivity of humid-temperate pastures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; EDDY-CORRELATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GROWING-SEASON; UNITED-STATES; SPUR MODEL; EXCHANGE; GRASSLAND; WATER AB Although most pasture growth models simulate many above- and belowground components of the plant community, calibration and validation are usually based only on periodic measurements of aboveground forage yield. This research used daily measurements of gross primary productivity (GPP) to validate the photosynthesis subroutine of the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). The model was calibrated for a pasture grazed by beef cattle (Bos taurus) in 2003, then validated with data from 2004 through 2006. Predicted and observed annual yield differed by 14 +/- 9%, whereas predicted GPP differed from observed GPP by only 7 +/- 3%. Seasonal trends in GPP were also adequately simulated, although a slight overestimation in the spring and early-summer and underestimation in the later half of the year occurred. Overestimation occurred when wintertime temperatures were above freezing or when N availability was high following fertilizer application. Late-season underestimation was related to low soil N availability which resulted from excessive N uptake by plants earlier in the year. Only minor adjustments in model structure were needed to improve simulation of GPP. Most adjustments involved changes in parameter values, many of which are often difficult to find or lacking in the literature. Refinement of models to accurately simulate the seasonal distribution of physiological parameters such as GPP will help ensure that model structures correctly represent the true dynamics of C assimilation and pasture growth. C1 [Skinner, R. Howard] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Corson, Michael S.] INRA Agrocampus Rennes, UMR Sol Agro & Hydrosyst Spatialisat 1069, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013; UMR SAS, ASAE/M-4978-2013 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971; UMR SAS, ASAE/0000-0002-4138-7374 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0264 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500046 ER PT J AU Jiang, PP Kitchen, NR Anderson, SH Sadler, EJ Sudduth, KA AF Jiang, Pingping Kitchen, Newell R. Anderson, Stephen H. Sadler, E. John Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Estimating plant-available water using the simple inverse yield model for claypan landscapes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; GRAIN-YIELD; PRODUCTIVITY; FIELD; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; HILLSLOPE; STORAGE; MAPS AB Plant-available water (PAW) is one of the fundamental soil factors affecting crop available water capacity (PAW(c)) at a field scale has been challenging. A simple inverse yield model (SIYM) has been devised and shown to be successful in estimating PAW(c) at a field scale for well-drained soils by matching simulated corn (Zea mays L.) yield with measured yield. For other soils, however, SIYM is yet to be tested. Our objective was to evaluate SIYM performance in estimating PAW(c) for poorly-drained claypan-soil landscapes. Soil PAW(c) to a depth of 1.2 in (PAW(1.2)) was measured at 19 and 18 sampling locations for two claypan-soil fields, Fields 1 and 2, respectively. Corn yield maps of the two fields (nine site-years between 1993 and 2003) were used with the model to estimate PAW(c). Yield reduction associated with low precipitation and high vapor-pressure deficit during corn reproductive stages, and large yield variation in dry years were indications available water was the main yield-limiting factor. The regression r(2) values between SIYM-estimated PAW(c) and the measured PAW(1.2) were 0.43 for Field 1 and 0.31 for Field 2 with estimating errors of 18 and 50 mm, respectively. In Field 2, SIYM estimated markedly lower PAW(c) compared with the PAW(1.2) at the most-eroded backslope areas, where claypan characteristics were most prevalent. The SIYM-PAW(c) estimates would be more informative in assessing soil productivity because they are based on crop-water relations and not solely on soil texture. C1 [Jiang, Pingping] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kitchen, Newell R.; Sadler, E. John; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Anderson, Stephen H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jiang, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 2323 Geol Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM pingping.jiang@ucr.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 830 EP 836 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0216 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500050 ER PT J AU Zhao, DL MacKown, CT Starks, PJ Kindiger, BK AF Zhao, Duli MacKown, Charles T. Starks, Patrick J. Kindiger, Bryan K. TI Interspecies variation of forage nutritive value and nonstructural carbohydrates in perennial cool-season grasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PREFERENCE; RUMINANTS; REGROWTH; RYEGRASS; NITROGEN; FRUCTAN; TISSUES AB Knowledge of grass genotypes nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) variation is one component to be considered when developing a successful forage and livestock management program. The objective of this study was to determine variations in concentrations of NSC, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) among perennial cool-season grasses grown in the southern Great Plains at the preheading stage. Grasses evaluated included four tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), two Festulolium (Lolium. multiflorum Lam. x Festuca arundinaceae), one tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang], two intermediate wheatgrasses [T. intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], and four smooth bromegrasses (Bromus inermis Leyss). Grass species influenced forage concentrations of NSC, CP, NDF, and ADF. Averaged across years, concentrations of forage total NSC, CP, NDF, and ADF ranged from 70 to 112, 81 to 138, 548 to 614, and 288 to 321 g kg(-1) dry weight (DW), respectively, among the 13 entries. Differences in the relative contribution of each NSC component to total NSC were small among the five species. Averaged across the entries, glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructans, and starch accounted for 14, 10, 15, 38, and 23% of total NSC, respectively. Producers seeking to improve the provision of energy to livestock would be served best by using smooth bromegrass with superior NSC concentration rather than by a tall fescue entry with low NSC concentration. C1 [Zhao, Duli] Univ Florida, IFAS NFREC, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [MacKown, Charles T.; Starks, Patrick J.; Kindiger, Bryan K.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhao, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS NFREC, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM dzhao@ufl.edu OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0178 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500051 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RA Morris, DR Rainbolt, CR McCray, JM Perdomo, RE Eiland, B Powell, G Montes, G AF Gilbert, Robert A. Morris, Dolen R. Rainbolt, Curtis R. McCray, James M. Perdomo, Raul E. Eiland, Barney Powell, Gerard Montes, German TI Sugarcane response to mill mud, fertilizer, and soybean nutrient sources on a sandy soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; INTEGRATED USE; GREEN MANURES; NITROGEN; CANE AB Improving soil organic matter and soil fertility are important factors in the sustainability of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production. A 3-yr field trial was established in 2004 on a sandy Alfisol in Florida to compare the effect of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on sugarcane production. The three nutrient sources were (i) mill mud (filter cake, cachaza), (ii) local standard fertilizer, and (iii) soybean cropping system before sugarcane. Soybean green manure increased sucrose yield (TSH, t sucrose ha(-1)) 20% in plant cane, however when aboveground biomass was removed soybean rotation did not improve sugarcane yields. Fertilization did not increase yields if mill mud was added to plant cane. Soybean green manure did not improve sugarcane ratoon crop yields, and there were no significant interactions in the ratoon crops. The application of mill mud resulted in a 49% TSH increase in first ratoon and a 167% increase in second ratoon whereas inorganic fertilizer application increased TSH by 31 and 49% in first and second ratoon, respectively. Over the 3-yr crop cycle, addition of mill mud alone led to an increase of 4.1 TSH compared with inorganic fertilizer alone, whereas soybean green manure alone produced 2.6 TSH less than fertilizer. However, combinations of nutrient sources with mill mud had additive effects in the ratoon crops. Our results indicate that mill mud was more effective than soybean green manure or local standard fertilizer practices in increasing sugarcane yields on sand. However, growers should fertilize ratoon crops when mill mud has been applied to achieve maximum sugarcane yields. C1 [Gilbert, Robert A.; Rainbolt, Curtis R.; McCray, James M.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Morris, Dolen R.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Perdomo, Raul E.; Eiland, Barney; Powell, Gerard; Montes, German] Florida Crystals Corp, S Bay, FL 33493 USA. RP Gilbert, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM ragilber@ufl.edu NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 845 EP 854 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0247 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 306QS UT WOS:000256263500052 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW Anderson, WF AF Hanna, Wayne W. Anderson, William F. TI Development and impact of vegetative propagation in forage and turf bermudagrasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB The beauty and uniformity of vegetatively propagated grasses on golf course greens, fairways and tees, and on athletic fields and lawns and the superiority of the vegetatively propagated forage grasses that we enjoy today did not happen by accident. Risks were taken, innovative approaches were used, new equipment was developed and modified, and public institutions and private industry teamed up to make what we have today a reality. In the 1940s and 1950s, pioneering discoveries and advances were made in inventing equipment, establishing protocols, and developing consumer confidence. Vegetative reproduction in bermudagrass revolutionized the golf and athletic field industries by providing a superior, high-quality, uniform playing surface. It maximized profitability of the forage industry for cattle (Bos taurus) by providing the very best genotypes for farmers and ranchers to plant for grazing and hay. Although vegetative propagation of forage and turf started with Cynodon hybrids in a small area of the United States, the practice has expanded on a commercial scale to numerous species around the world. C1 [Hanna, Wayne W.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Anderson, William F.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Tifton Campus,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM whanna@uga.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP S103 EP S107 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0302c PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 308HK UT WOS:000256379100012 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Gitelson, AA Schepers, JS Walthall, CL AF Hatfield, J. L. Gitelson, A. A. Schepers, J. S. Walthall, C. L. TI Application of spectral remote sensing for agronomic decisions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; WATER-STRESS INDEX; CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION INDEXES; REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MULTISITE ANALYSES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Remote sensing has provided valuable insights into agronomic management over the past 40 yr. The contributions of individuals to remote sensing methods have lead to understanding of how leaf reflectance and leaf emittance changes in response to leaf thickness, species, canopy shape, leaf age, nutrient status, and water status. Leaf chlorophyll and the preferential absorption at different wavelengths provides the basis for utilizing reflectance with either broad-band radiometers typical of current satellite platforms or hyperspectral sensors that measure reflectance at narrow wavebands. Understanding of leaf reflectance has lead to various vegetative indices for crop canopies to quantify various agronomic parameters, e.g., leaf area, crop cover, biomass, crop type, nutrient status, and yield. Emittance from crop canopies is a measure of leaf temperature and infrared thermometers have fostered crop stress indices currently used to quantify water requirements. These tools are being developed as we learn how to use the information provided in reflectance and emittance measurements with a range of sensors. Remote sensing continues to evolve as a valuable agronomic tool that provides information to scientists, consultants, and producers about the status of their crops. This area is still relatively new compared with other agronomic fields; however, the information content is providing valuable insights into improved management decisions. This article details the current status of our understanding of how reflectance and emittance have been used to quantitatively assess agronomic parameters and some of the challenges facing future generations of scientists seeking to further advance remote sensing for agronomic applications. C1 [Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gitelson, A. A.] Univ Nebraska, CALMIT, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schepers, J. S.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Walthall, C. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012 NR 181 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP S117 EP S131 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0370c PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 308HK UT WOS:000256379100014 ER PT J AU Pearson, CH Ernst, SM Barbarick, KA Hatfield, JL Peterson, GA Buxton, DR AF Pearson, Calvin H. Ernst, Susan M. Barbarick, Ken A. Hatfield, Jerry L. Peterson, Gary A. Buxton, Dwayne R. TI Agronomy Journal turns one hundred (reprinted from Agron. J., vol 100, pg 1-8, 2008) SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Reprint AB During 2008 we celebrate the centennial anniversary of Agronomy journal. Many people have certainly been influenced in some way by the science published during the 100-yr existence of the journal. From Volume 1 up through Volume 98 (2006) there have been more than 30,290 authors who published 15,232 articles totaling 89,056 pages. More than 2545 editors were required to review and edit the papers published in Agronomy Journal, in addition to the manuscripts submitted but not published. As a current snapshot of Agronomy Journal, we published 60% of the manuscripts submitted in 2005. In both 2003 and 2004, we accepted 55% of the manuscripts submitted. In a comparison of 48 peer journals in 2005, the impact factor of Agronomy journal ranked 12th at 1.473 and the total citations for the journal ranked fourth at 6723. Commentaries on the early history of Agronomy Journal have been previously published. In our article, we focus on the journal's history during the past 25 yr. We fully expect that the future of Agronomy Journal will be even more exciting, rewarding, challenging, and valued as the past 100 yr. We eagerly look forward to the next 100 yr of Agronomy Journal. C1 [Pearson, Calvin H.; Barbarick, Ken A.; Peterson, Gary A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Buxton, Dwayne R.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calvin.pearson@colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP S19 EP S26 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0312cs PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 308HK UT WOS:000256379100005 ER PT J AU Schillinger, WF Papendick, RI AF Schillinger, William F. Papendick, Robert I. TI Then and now: 125 years of dryland wheat farming in the Inland Pacific Northwest SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EASTERN WASHINGTON; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; SOIL MULCH; FALLOW; TILLAGE; WATER; REGION AB This article is a history of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farming in the low-precipitation (<300 mm annual) region on the Columbia Plateau of the Inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. Numerous technological advances, environmental problems, and sociological factors influenced wheat farming since its inception in 1880. The wheat-based economy traces back to the pioneers who faced many challenges that included scarcity of water and wood, unprecedented wind erosion, drought, and minimal equipment. Throughout the years, major technological breakthroughs include: (i) horse (Equus caballus) farming to crude crawler tractors to the 350+ horse power tractors of today, (ii) transition from sacked grain to bulk grain handling, (iii) nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides, (iv) the rotary rodweeder, and (v) the, deep, furrow split-packer drill to allow early planting of winter wheatinto stored soil Water. Cultural practices have evolved from repeited passes::with high'soil-disturbance tillage implements to today's conservation tillage management. The 2-yr winter wheat-summer fallow rotation continues as. the dominant cropping system as it is less risky and more profitable than alternative systems tested so far. Improved wheat cultivars for deep furrow planting continue to. be developed with good emergence, disease resistance, winter hardiness, grain quality, and other values. In the past 125 yr, average farm size has grown from 65 to 1400 ha and wheat grain yield increased from <1.0 to 3.4 Mg ha(-1). Since the 1930s, government farm programs have provided unwavering support that, in the last several decades, accounts for about 40% of gross farm income. C1 [Schillinger, William F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Lind, WA 99341 USA. [Papendick, Robert I.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schillinger, WF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stn,POB B, Lind, WA 99341 USA. EM schillw@wsu.edu RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012; OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP S166 EP S182 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0027c PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 308HK UT WOS:000256379100017 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Hatfield, JL AF Steiner, Jean L. Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Winds of change: A century of agroclimate research SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION INDEX; SHIELDED NET RADIOMETERS; DRYLAND EVAPORATIVE FLUX; FLOW-RATE DETERMINATION; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; WATER-STRESS INDEX AB Climate has been of primary concern from the beginning of agricultural research. Early in the 20th century, climatology and agronomy evolved separately, focusing primarily on production agriculture and crop adaptation. Concepts developed include thermal units and water use efficiency. The integrated discipline of agroclimatology developed in the mid-20th century. As theoretical understanding evolved, numerous papers related to agroclimatology were named Citation Classics. Spectral properties of plants and soils were identified that underpin today's remote sensing technologies. Commercialization of instrumentation enhanced our ability to efficiently collect data using standardized methods. Private and public-sector partnerships advanced research capacity. Later in the 20th century, research focus shifted toward integrating knowledge into crop growth and agronomic models. Remote sensing provided capacity to gain theoretical and practical understanding of regional scale processes. In the early 21st century, recognition of earth as a system along with inter-related human systems is driving research and political agendas. There is a pressing need to change our data-rich to an information-rich environment. The emerging cyberinformatics field along with natural resource and agricultural system models allow us to apply climate information to assessments and decision support related to water supply, production, environmental management, and other issues. Solutions to today's problems require interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral teams. While needs have never been greater, fewer universities maintain critical mass required to offer advance degrees in agroclimatology. It will be increasingly important that agrclimatology attract top students and provide training and practical experience in conducting integrated systems research, communications, and team skills. C1 [Steiner, Jean L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jean.steiner@ars.usda.gov NR 242 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP S132 EP S152 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0372c PG 21 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 308HK UT WOS:000256379100015 ER PT J AU Onufrak, SJ Abramson, JL Austin, HD Holguin, F McClellan, WM Vaccarino, LV AF Onufrak, Stephen J. Abramson, Jerome L. Austin, Harland D. Holguin, Fernando McClellan, William M. Vaccarino, L. Viola TI Relation of adult-onset asthma to coronary heart disease and stroke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; COMMUNITIES; PHENOTYPES; EXPRESSION; WOMEN; COPD; MEN; AGE AB Asthma was associated with atherosclerotic disease in several studies, with evidence that this association may be limited to women. However, most previous studies failed to account for the heterogeneity of asthma subtypes. We previously reported increased carotid intimamedial thickness in women with adult-onset asthma. In this study, the association of adult and child-onset asthma with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were examined. Subjects were classified according to self-report of physician-diagnosed asthma and age of asthma onset. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association of adult- and child-onset asthma with incident CHD and stroke, testing for gender interaction. Subanalysis was also performed using only never smokers. Women with adult-onset asthma experienced a 2-fold increase in incident CHD and stroke that was independent of other risk factors, including smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, and persisted when analysis was restricted to never smokers. No significant association was found in women with child-onset asthma or in men. In conclusion, adult-onset asthma may be a significant risk factor for CHD and stroke in women, but not men. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Onufrak, Stephen J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Stoneville, MS USA. [Onufrak, Stephen J.; Abramson, Jerome L.; Austin, Harland D.; McClellan, William M.; Vaccarino, L. Viola] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Vaccarino, L. Viola] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Holguin, Fernando] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Onufrak, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Stoneville, MS USA. EM steve.onufrak@ars.usda.gov FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K24 HL077506, K24 HL077506-01] NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1252 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.12.024 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 298EW UT WOS:000255670200006 PM 18435952 ER PT J AU Stanhope, KL Griffen, SC Bair, BR Swarbrick, MM Keim, NL Havel, PJ AF Stanhope, Kimber L. Griffen, Steven C. Bair, Brandi R. Swarbrick, Michael M. Keim, Nancy L. Havel, Peter J. TI Twenty-four-hour endocrine and metabolic profiles following consumption of high-fructose corn syrup-, sucrose-, fructose-, and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID POSTPRANDIAL LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; BODY-FAT; HYPERINSULINEMIC SUBJECTS; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; DIABETIC SUBJECTS; LIPID-METABOLISM; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS AB Background: We have reported that, compared with glucose-sweetened beverages, consuming fructose-sweetened beverages with meals results in lower 24-h circulating glucose, insulin, and leptin concentrations and elevated triacylglycerol (TG). However, pure fructose and glucose are not commonly used as sweeteners. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has replaced sucrose as the predominant sweetener in beverages in the United States. Objective: We compared the metabolic/endocrine effects of HFCS with sucrose and, in a subset of subjects, with pure fructose and glucose. Design: Thirty-four men and women consumed 3 isocaloric meals with either sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened beverages, and blood samples were collected over 24 h. Eight of the male subjects were also studied when fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages were consumed. Results: In 34 subjects, 24-h glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and TG profiles were similar between days that sucrose or HFCS was consumed. Postprandial TG excursions after HFCS or sucrose were larger in men than in women. In the men in whom the effects of 4 sweeteners were compared, the 24-h glucose and insulin responses induced by HFCS and sucrose were intermediate between the lower responses during consumption of fructose and the higher responses during glucose. Unexpectedly, postprandial TG profiles after HFCS or sucrose were not intermediate but comparably high as after pure fructose. Conclusions: Sucrose and HFCS do not have substantially different short-term endocrine/metabolic effects. In male subjects, short-term consumption of sucrose and HFCS resulted in postprandial TG responses comparable to those induced by fructose. C1 [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Swarbrick, Michael M.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Bair, Brandi R.; Swarbrick, Michael M.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Griffen, Steven C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keim, Nancy L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu FU NCCIH NIH HHS [1R21AT002993, 1R21AT003545, 5R21AT2500, R21 AT002993]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024146, UL1 RR024146-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL075675-01A1, R01 HL075675, R01 HL091333, R01 HL107256] NR 45 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1203 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301EZ UT WOS:000255880500014 PM 18469239 ER PT J AU Chung, CS Stookey, J Dare, D Welch, R Nguyen, TQ Roehl, R Peerson, JM King, JC Brown, KH AF Chung, Carolyn S. Stookey, Jodi Dare, Doris Welch, Ross Nguyen, Tuan Q. Roehl, Raimund Peerson, Janet M. King, Janet C. Brown, Kenneth H. TI Current dietary zinc intake has a greater effect on fractional zinc absorption than does longer term zinc consumption in healthy adult men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA ZINC; HUMANS; HOMEOSTASIS; DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; MODEL AB Background: No studies have examined the independent effects of current and longer-term dietary zinc intakes on zinc absorption. Objective: We determined the effects of current compared with longer-term zinc intake on fractional zinc absorption (FZA). Design: We studied 9 men whose usual zinc intakes were > 11 mg/d. FZA was measured at baseline, depletion (0.6 mg Zn/d for 1 wk and 4 mg Zn/d for 5 wk), and repletion (1 I mg Zn/d for 4 wk with 20 mg supplemental Zn/d for first 7 d). During 2 successive days after each dietary period, subjects consumed either adequate-zinc meals (11 mg Zn/d) with a zinc stable isotope tracer for 1 d, followed by low-zinc meals (4 mg Zn/d) with zinc tracer, or vice versa. Five days after oral dosing, a zinc tracer was infused intravenously. FZA was measured with the use of a modified double isotope tracer ratio method with urine samples collected on days 5-7 and 10-12 of absorption studies. Results: Plasma and urinary zinc did not vary by dietary period. Mean FZA was greater from low-zinc meals than from adequatezinc meals (60.9% +/- 13.8% compared with 36.1% +/- 8.9%; P < 0.0001), whereas mean total absorbed zinc was greater from adequate-zinc meals than from low-zinc meals (3.60 +/- 0.91 compared with 2.48 +/- 0.56; P < 0.0001), regardless of the longer-term dietary period. Conclusions: FZA was inversely related to current zinc intake, but there was no detectable effect of longer-term dietary zinc. If longerterm zinc intake does modify FZA, such changes are smaller than those caused by current zinc intake, or they occur only after more severe zinc depletion. C1 [Peerson, Janet M.; King, Janet C.; Brown, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Peerson, Janet M.; King, Janet C.; Brown, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chung, Carolyn S.; Stookey, Jodi; Nguyen, Tuan Q.; King, Janet C.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Dare, Doris] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gen Clin Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Welch, Ross] Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ithaca, NY USA. [Roehl, Raimund] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sanitat & Radiat Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Brown, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM khbrown@ucdavis.edu RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00083-43] NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1224 EP 1229 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301EZ UT WOS:000255880500018 PM 18469243 ER PT J AU Rautiainen, S Serafini, M Morgenstern, R Prior, RL Wolk, A AF Rautiainen, Susanne Serafini, Mauro Morgenstern, Ralf Prior, Ronald L. Wolk, Alicja TI The validity and reproducibility of food-frequency questionnaire-based total antioxidant capacity estimates in Swedish women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO ASSAYS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; UNITED-STATES; URIC-ACID; PLASMA; FRUIT; CANCER; BIOMARKERS; DISEASE AB Background: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) provides an assessment of antioxidant activity and synergistic interactions of redox molecules in foods and plasma. Objective: We investigated the validity and reproducibility of food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-based TAC estimates assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAL), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (TRAP), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) food values. Design: Validity and reproducibility were evaluated in 2 random samples from the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Validity was studied by comparing FFQ-based TAC estimates with one measurement of plasma TAC in 108 women (54-73-y-old dietary supplement nonusers). Reproducibility was studied in 300 women (56-75 y old, 50.7% dietary supplement nonusers) who completed 2 FFQs 1 y apart. Results: Fruit and vegetables (mainly apples, pears, oranges, and berries) were the major contributors to FFQ-based ORAL (56.5%), TRAP (41.7%), and FRAP (38.0%) estimates. In the validity study, whole plasma ORAC was correlated (Pearson) with FFQ-based ORAL (r = 0.35), TRAP (r = 0.31), and FRAP (r = 0.28) estimates from fruit and vegetables. Correlations between lipophilic plasma ORAL and FFQ-based ORAC, TRAP, and FRAP estimates from fruit and vegetables were 0.41, 0.31, and 0.28, and correlations with plasma TRAP estimates were 0.31, 0.30, and 0.28, respectively. Hydrophilic plasma ORAL and plasma FRAP values did not correlate with FFQ-based TAC estimates. Reproducibility, assessed by intraclass cot-relations, was 0.60, 0.61, and 0.61 for FFQ-based ORAC, TRAP, and FRAP estimates, respectively, from fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: FFQ-based TAC values represent valid and reproducible estimates that may be used in nutritional epidemiology to assess antioxidant intake from foods. Further studies in other populations to confirm these results are needed. C1 [Rautiainen, Susanne; Wolk, Alicja] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Serafini, Mauro] Natl Inst Food & Nutr Res, Antioxidant Res Lab, Human Nutr Unit, Rome, Italy. [Morgenstern, Ralf] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Biochem Toxicol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Wolk, A (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Box 210, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM alicja.wolk@ki.se NR 39 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1253 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301EZ UT WOS:000255880500021 PM 18469246 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Beiseigel, JM Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Janet R. Beiseigel, Jeannemarie M. Johnson, Luann K. TI Adaptation in human zinc absorption as influenced by dietary zinc and bioavailability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; ENDOGENOUS EXCRETION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GENE-EXPRESSION; COMPOSITE MEALS; YOUNG MEN; BALANCE; SERUM; RAT; DEFICIENCY AB Background: An understanding of the relations among dietary zinc intake, bioavailability, and absorption is necessary for making dietary intake recommendations. Objectives: We aimed to assess adaptation in human zinc absorption to controlled differences in zinc and phytate intakes and to apply the results to predictive models. Design: In 3 experiments, radiotracers were used to assess zinc absorption by healthy adults (n = 109) from controlled diets, before and after 4 or 8 wk of dietary equilibration. Subjects consumed 4-29 mg Zn/d from 1 of 10 diets, 5 with molar ratios of phytate to zinc from 2 to 7 and 5 with ratios from 15 to 23. Results: Absorptive efficiency was inversely related to dietary zinc from both low- and high-phytate diets. In response to low zinc intakes (<11 mg/d) for 4-8 wk, zinc absorption was up-regulated to as high as 92%, but only if the diets were low in phytate. The results help validate and refine a published saturable transport model that predicts zinc absorption from dietary zinc and phytate. Possible biomarkers of impaired zinc status, including erythrocyte osmotic fragility, in vitro erythrocyte Zn-65 uptake, and leukocyte expression of the zinc transport proteins Zip1 and ZnT1, were unresponsive to dietary zinc content. Conclusions: Humans absorbed zinc more efficiently from low-zinc diets and adapted to further increase zinc absorption after consuming low-zinc, low-phytate diets for several weeks. Such adaptation did not occur with higher phytate diets. Zinc absorption can be predicted from dietary zinc and phytate after allowing for dietary equilibration. C1 [Hunt, Janet R.; Beiseigel, Jeannemarie M.] GFHNRC, USDA ARS, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Johnson, Luann K.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), GFHNRC, USDA ARS, 2420 2nd Ave N STOP 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1336 EP 1345 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301EZ UT WOS:000255880500032 PM 18469257 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Picciano, MF Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Morris, Martha Savaria Picciano, Mar Frances Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob TI Plasma pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate in the US population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; VITAMIN B6 METABOLISM; TRYPTOPHAN-METABOLISM; HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; NONPREGNANT WOMEN; ESTROGEN STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; FOLATE; YOUNG AB Background: No large-scale, population-based study has considered the descriptive epidemiology of vitamin B-6 status with use of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the indicator of vitamin B-6 adequacy used to set the current Recommended Dietary Allowance, which is <= 2 mg/d for all subgroups. Objectives: We sought to examine the epidemiology of vitamin B-6 status in the US population. Methods: In >6000 participants aged >= 1 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004), we considered relations between plasma PLP and various subject characteristics and examined trends in plasma PLP and homocysteine with vitamin B-6 intake, both overall and in selected subgroups. Results: In males, plasma PLP decreased with age after adolescence only in nonusers of supplemental vitamin B-6. Regardless of supplement use, plasma PLP concentrations of women of childbearing age were significantly lower than those of comparably aged men, and most oral contraceptive users had plasma PLP <20 nmol/L. The prevalence of low plasma PLP was significantly >3% at vitamin B-6 intakes from 2 to 2.9 mg/d in all subgroups and at intakes from 3 to 4.9 mg/d in smokers, the elderly, non-Hispanic blacks, and current and former oral contraceptive users. Intakes from 3 to 4.9 mg/d compared with <2 mg/d were associated with significant protection from low plasma PLP in most subgroups and from hyperhomocysteinemia in the elderly. Conclusions: Vitamin B-6 intakes of 3 to 4.9 mg/d appear consistent with the definition of a Recommended Dietary Allowance for most Americans. However, at that intake level, substantial proportions of some population subgroups may not meet accepted criteria for adequate vitamin B-6 status. C1 [Morris, Martha Savaria; Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Picciano, Mar Frances] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Romm 901 D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu FU NIH HHS [Y1-OD-6516-01] NR 60 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1446 EP 1454 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 301EZ UT WOS:000255880500045 PM 18469270 ER PT J AU Qin, BL Anderson, RA Adeli, K AF Qin, Bolin Anderson, Richard A. Adeli, Khosrow TI Tumor necrosis factor-alpha directly stimulates the overproduction of hepatic apolipoprotein B100-containing VLDL via impairment of hepatic insulin signaling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TNF-alpha; liver; insulin resistance; lipid; lipoprotein; apoB ID TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; FRUCTOSE-FED HAMSTER; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN OVERPRODUCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; DIABETIC DYSLIPIDEMIA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; KINASE-ACTIVITY; HEPG2 CELLS AB Tumor necrosis factor-alpha directly stimulates the overproduction of hepatic apolipoprotein B100-containing VLDL via impairment of hepatic insulin signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294: G1120-G1129, 2008. First published March 27, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00407.2007.-Insulin-resistant states are commonly associated with both increased circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and hepatic overproduction of very low density lipoproteins ( VLDL). Here, we provide evidence that increased TNF-alpha can directly stimulate the hepatic assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B ( apoB) 100-containing VLDL1, using the Syrian golden hamster, an animal model that closely resembles humans in hepatic VLDL-apoB100 metabolism. In vivo TNF-alpha infusion for 4 h in chow-fed hamsters induced whole-body insulin resistance on the basis of euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analysis of livers from TNF-alpha-treated hamsters indicated decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR)-beta, IR substrate-1 (Tyr), Akt (Ser(473)), p38, ERK1/2, and JNK but increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser(307)) and Shc. TNF-alpha infusion also significantly increased hepatic production of total circulating apoB100 and VLDL-apoB100 in both fasting and postprandial ( fat load) states. Ex vivo experiments, using cultured primary hepatocytes from hamsters, also showed TNF-alpha-induced VLDL-apoB100 oversecretion, an effect that was blocked by TNF receptor 2 antibody. Unexpectedly, TNF-alpha decreased the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mass and mRNA levels but significantly increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mass and mRNA levels in primary hepatocytes. In summary, these data provide direct evidence that TNF-alpha induces whole-body insulin resistance and impairs hepatic insulin signaling accompanied by overproduction of apoB100-containing VLDL particles, an effect likely mediated via TNF receptor 2. C1 [Qin, Bolin; Adeli, Khosrow] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Qin, Bolin; Anderson, Richard A.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Adeli, K (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, DPLM, Div Clin Biochem, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM k.adeli@utoronto.ca NR 67 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 294 IS 5 BP G1120 EP G1129 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00407.2007 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 296TS UT WOS:000255569300005 PM 18372392 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Pratt, PD Dray, FA Simms, EL AF Franks, Steven J. Pratt, Paul D. Dray, F. Allen Simms, Ellen L. TI Selection on herbivory resistance and growth rate in an invasive plant SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; EICA hypothesis; Florida Everglades; natural enemies; phenotypic plasticity; phenotypic evolution ID QUINQUENERVIA CAV. BLAKE; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; FIELD COLONIZATION; SOUTH FLORIDA; EVOLUTION; TRAITS; HYPOTHESIS; SEEDLINGS AB The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis proposes that invasive species evolve decreased defense and increased competitive ability following natural enemy release. Previous tests of EICA examined the result of evolution by comparing individuals from home and introduced ranges, but no previous study of this hypothesis has examined the process of evolution by analyzing patterns of selection. On the basis of EICA, there should be selection for competitive ability without herbivores and selection for defense with herbivores. Selection on competitive ability should be stronger for genotypes accustomed to herbivores (home range genotypes), and selection on defense should be stronger for genotypes unaccustomed to herbivores (introduced range genotypes). Using a field experiment, we tested these hypotheses for the invasive plant Melaleuca quinquenervia. There was a negative genetic correlation between resistance and growth, indicating a trade-off. However, selection for stem elongation (an indicator of competitive ability) was always positive, and selection on resistance was always negative and did not depend on genotype source or the presence of herbivores. The patterns of selection found in this study contrast with predictions from EICA and accurately predict the lack of evolutionary change in growth and resistance following the introduction of this species from Australia to Florida. C1 [Franks, Steven J.] Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Pratt, Paul D.; Dray, F. Allen] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Simms, Ellen L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. EM franks@fordham.edu; paul.pratt@ars.usda.gov; allen.dray@ars.usda.gov; esimms@berkeley.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 30 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 171 IS 5 BP 678 EP 691 DI 10.1086/587078 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 291QW UT WOS:000255212900013 PM 18419574 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Albin, DM Reed, SA Tu, SI Brewster, JD AF Gehring, Andrew G. Albin, David M. Reed, Sue A. Tu, Shu-I Brewster, Jeffrey D. TI An antibody microarray, in multiwell plate format, for multiplex screening of foodborne pathogenic bacteria and biomolecules SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antibody microarray; bacteria; fluorescence; immunoassay; multiwell, microtiter plate; multiplex ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA SPP.; RAPID DETECTION; PCR; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; O157/H7; SAMPLES AB Intoxication and infection caused by foodborne pathogens are important problems worldwide, and screening tests for multiple pathogens are needed because foods may be contaminated with multiple pathogens and/or toxic metabolites. We developed a 96-well microplate, multiplex antibody microarray method to simultaneously capture and detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), as well as a biomolecule (chicken immunoglobulin G or IgG employed as a proteinaceous toxin analog) in a single sample. Microarrayed spots of capture antibodies against the targeted analytes were printed within individual wells of streptavidin-coated polystyrene 96-multiwell microtiter plates and a sandwich assay with fluorescein- or Cy3-labeled reporter antibodies was used for detection. (Printing was achieved with a conventional microarray printing robot that was operated with custom-developed microplate arraying software.) Detection of the IgG was realized from ca. 5 to 25 ng/mL, and detection of E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium was realized from ca. 10(6) to 10(9) and ca. 10(7) to 10(9) cells/mL, respectively. Multiplex detection of the two bacteria and the IgG in buffer and in culture-enriched ground beef filtrate was established with a total assay (including detection) time of ca. 2.5 h. Detection of S. typhimurium was largely unaffected by high concentrations of the other bacteria and IgG as well as the ground beef filtrate, whereas a small decrease in response was observed for E. coli O157:H7. The multiwell plate, multiplex antibody microarray platform developed here demonstrates a powerful approach for high-throughput screening of large numbers of food samples for multiple pathogens and toxins. C1 [Gehring, Andrew G.; Albin, David M.; Reed, Sue A.; Tu, Shu-I; Brewster, Jeffrey D.] USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andrew.gehring@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2044-6 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 304CV UT WOS:000256088500007 PM 18389224 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Nguyen, LHT Chen, CY AF Irwin, Peter Nguyen, Ly-Huong Thi Chen, Chin-Yi TI Binding of nontarget microorganisms from food washes to anti-Salmonella and anti-E-coli O157 immunomagnetic beads: minimizing the errors of random sampling in extreme dilute systems SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sampling; sampling error; E. coli; enumeration; 6 x 6 drop plate; MPN ID PLATING METHOD; ENUMERATION; NUMBER AB For most applications, 3-5 observations, or samplings (n), are utilized to estimate total aerobic plate count in an average population (mu) that is greater than about 50 cells, or colony forming units (CFU), per sampled volume. We have chosen to utilize a 6 x 6 drop plate method for bacterial colony selection because it offers the means to rapidly perform all requisite dilutions in a 96-well format and plate these dilutions on solid media using minimal materials. Besides traditional quantitative purposes, we also need to select colonies which are well-separated from each other for the purpose of bacterial identification. To achieve this goal using the drop plate format requires the utilization of very dilute solutions (mu < 10 CFUs per sampled drop). At such low CFU densities the sampling error becomes problematic. To address this issue we produced both observed and computer-generated colony count data and divided a large sample of individual counts randomly into N subsamples each with n = 2-24 observations (N x n = 360). From these data we calculated the average total mean-normalized (x(tot), n = 360) deviation of the total standard deviation (S-tot) from each jth subsample's estimate (S-j), which we call.. When either observed or computer-generated. values were analyzed as a function of xtot, a set of relationships (alpha(-2)root x(tot)) were generated which appeared to converge at an n of about 18 observations. This finding was verified analytically at even lower CFU concentrations (x(tot) similar to 1 - 10 CFUs per observation). Additional experiments using the drop plate format and n = 18 samplings were performed on food samples along with most probable number (MPN) analyses and it was found that the two enumeration methods did not differ significantly. C1 [Irwin, Peter; Nguyen, Ly-Huong Thi; Chen, Chin-Yi] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM peter.irwin@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1961-8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 304CV UT WOS:000256088500009 PM 18344016 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Nguyen, LH Chen, CY Paoli, G AF Irwin, Peter Nguyen, Ly-Huong Chen, Chin-Yi Paoli, George TI Binding of nontarget microorganisms from food washes to anti-Salmonella and anti-E-coli O157 immunomagnetic beads: most probable composition of background Eubacteria SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nonspecific adsorption; immunomagnetic beads; Brochothrix; Carnobacterium; 16S rDNA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NITROCELLULOSE MEMBRANES; IMMUNOLOGICAL DETECTION; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; BLOCKING-AGENT; GROUND-BEEF; SEPARATION; IMMUNOASSAY; SURFACES; RECOVERY AB We present herein the composition of bacterial communities occurring in ground chicken and the changes which arise in these populations based upon nonselective partitioning by commercially-available Dynal anti-Salmonella and anti-E. coli O157 immunomagnetic beads (IMB). Our enumeration and colony selection protocol was based upon a 6 x 6 drop plate method (n = 18 for each 25-g sub-sampling) using a dilution which resulted in ca. 4-8 colonies per drop. An average of 82 +/- 13 colonies were selected from three 25-g ground chicken subsamplings per batch, each of which was repeated seasonally for one year. DNA was extracted from each colony and the composition of Eubacteria in each of these harvests was determined by sequence-based identification of 16S rDNA amplicons. The Gram-positive bacteria Brochothrix thermosphacta and Carnobacterium maltaromticum were the most commonly found organisms in both the total chicken wash (PBS) and in the IMB-bound (PBS-washed) fractions. The remaining background organisms which also adhered to varying degrees to commercial IMBs were: Pseudomonas oleovorans, Acinetobacter lwoffi, Serratia spp., and one Rahnella spp. A large number of the organisms were also cladistically evaluated based on rDNA basepair disparities: all Brochothrices were monophyletic; twelve different Pseudomonads were found along with eight Carnobacteria, seven Acinetobacteres, four Serratiae, and two Rahnellae. Carnobacterium alone showed an IMB-based concentration enhancement (ca. two to sixfold). C1 [Irwin, Peter; Nguyen, Ly-Huong; Chen, Chin-Yi; Paoli, George] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Peter.Irwin@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1959-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 304CV UT WOS:000256088500010 PM 18311564 ER PT J AU Lachenaud, P Zhang, DP AF Lachenaud, Philippe Zhang, Dapeng TI Genetic diversity and population structure in wild stands of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.) in French Guiana SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cocoa; genetic diversity; population structure; fingerprinting; French Guiana ID RAIN-FOREST; COCOA TREES; AMAZONIAN SPECIATION; VOUACAPOUA-AMERICANA; SOUTH-AMERICA; F-STATISTICS; FLOW AB The native cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.) in south-eastern French Guiana represent a noteworthy fraction of the genetic diversity of this species. Several scientific surveys have led to the collection of numerous accessions, which provides an opportunity for investigating the pattern of genetic diversity in natural populations. Using a capillary electrophoresis genotyping system, we fingerprinted 189 wild trees in 18 natural populations. Based on the 15 loci SSR profiles, we analyzed the intra-and inter-population variation and their relationship with control clones. The global allelic richness was 4.87 alleles per locus, but was 2.4 on average within individual populations; gene diversity was 0.368 and observed heterozygosity was low (0.160). Major structuring was discovered in the metapopulation of French Guianan wild cacao trees (Fst = 0.20), which could be explained by the biological characteristics of the cacao tree and the climatic events that affected the Guianan forests in the Quaternary period. C1 [Lachenaud, Philippe] UPR Bioagresseurs Perennes, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Zhang, Dapeng] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lachenaud, P (reprint author), UPR Bioagresseurs Perennes, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, TA A-31-02, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. EM philippe.lachenaud@cirad.fr NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 AR 310 DI 10.1051/forest:2008011 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 303GE UT WOS:000256028200010 ER PT J AU Wenninger, EJ Hall, DG AF Wenninger, Erik J. Hall, David G. TI Daily and seasonal patterns in abdominal color in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; body color; pigment; reproductive state; huanglongbing ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; PEAR PSYLLA; UNITED-STATES; APHIDIDAE; BIOLOGY; FLORIDA; PARASITOIDS; PIGMENTS; INSECTS; DISEASE AB Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a psyllid vector of huanglongbing (citrus greening disease), exhibits three more or less distinct abdominal colors in the adult psyllid: gray/brown, blue/green, and orange/yellow. We explored the daily (in individuals in the laboratory) and seasonal (in a field population) patterns in abdominal color of adult D. citri to clarify the biology of this species in relation to abdominal color and investigated the relationship between abdominal color and the reproductive state of adults (i.e., whether an individual is reproductively mature, has mated, or-in females-is gravid). Females were predominantly blue/green throughout their lives, with a small portion of individuals being gray/brown, especially just after emergence. Approximately 86% of mated females developed an orange/yellow abdominal color after mating, but they ultimately turned back to blue/green within several days to 1 mo after mating. Only 31% of virgin females turned orange/yellow. Males were predominantly blue/green early in life, but a greater portion of males relative to females were gray/brown. The orange/yellow color in females reflected the presence of eggs in the abdomen; in males it seemed to derive front the color of the internal reproductive organs, and it was generally only evident in older males. The preponderance of blue/green females, rarity of gray/brown females relative to gray/brown males, and rarity of orange/yellow males and females was largely reflected in sticky card trap captures front the field. Abdominal color is of essentially no value in discerning the state of sexual maturity and of only limited value in discerning whether females have mated. C1 [Wenninger, Erik J.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wenninger, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM erik.wenninger@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[585:DASPIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 320YZ UT WOS:000257272400013 ER PT J AU Diaz, R Overholt, WA Cuda, JP Pratt, PD Fox, A AF Diaz, Rodrigo Overholt, William A. Cuda, J. P. Pratt, Paul D. Fox, Alison TI Temperature-dependent development, survival, and potential distribution of Ischnodemus variegatus (Hemiptera : Blissidae), a herbivore of west Indian marsh grass SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Blissidae; Poaceae; developmental rate; degree-days; biological control ID HYMENACHNE-AMPLEXICAULIS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; GONATOCERUS-ASHMEADI; LYGAEIDAE; REQUIREMENTS; PENTATOMIDAE; AGGREGATION; HETEROPTERA; COLEOPTERA; PARASITES AB The bug Ischnodemus variegatus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Blissidae) is an adventive herbivore, native to South America that feeds in the invasive grass Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees (Poaceae). This grass is a problematic weed in Florida and Australia, but it is a highly valued forage in Mexico, Cuba, and Venezuela. We studied the influence of nine constant temperatures (8-38 degrees C) on the developmental time and survival of I. variegatus. Complete egg and nymphal mortality occurred at temperatures <= 20.5 degrees C and at 38 degrees C. Developmental time decreased linearly with temperature until 28-30 degrees C and then increased at 33 degrees C. Mortality of first, second, and third instars was high across all temperatures. Developmental time across all temperatures was greatest for eggs, first and fifth instars compared with other stages. Linear and Briere-1 nonlinear models were used to determine the lower temperature threshold at which the developmental rate (1/ D) approached zero. The lower thresholds to complete development (egg to adult) estimated with the linear and nonlinear model were 14.6 and 17.4 degrees C, respectively. The total degree-days required to complete development estimated by the linear model was 588. Using temperature data from Florida, a map was generated to project a prediction grid of I. variegatus generations per yr. Based on these predictions, the insect can complete three to five generations per year in areas currently invaded in Florida. Results of this study will be used to understand the potential distribution and population growth of I. variegatus in H. amplexicaulis infested regions. C1 [Diaz, Rodrigo; Overholt, William A.] Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Cuda, J. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pratt, Paul D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Fox, Alison] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Diaz, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rrdg@ufl.edu RI Diaz, Rodrigo/A-3482-2011 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[604:TDSAPD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 320YZ UT WOS:000257272400016 ER PT J AU Li, WX Li, JC Coudron, TA Lu, ZY Pan, WL Liu, XX Zhang, QW AF Li, Wenxiang Li, Jiancheng Coudron, Thomas A. Lu, Ziyun Pan, Wenliang Liu, Xiaoxia Zhang, Qingwen TI Role of photoperiod and temperature in diapause induction of endoparasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Microplitis mediator; diapause induction; photoperiod; temperature ID PSEUDOPIDORUS-FASCIATA LEPIDOPTERA; ECDYSTEROIDS; TERMINATION; ZYGAENIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; PARASITE; HISTORY; COUNTER; SUMMER; CLOCK AB Diapause in Microplitis mediator Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is manifested during the pupal stage and normally occurs during the winter season because of a photoperiodic response that is highly dependent on temperature. No diapause was observed at temperatures above 20 degrees C regardless of the photoperiod. Only a small part of the population entered diapause at 20 degrees C under short daylengths of light:dark 8:16-12:12. In contrast, when larvae were exposed to 16, 18, and 20 degrees C combined with a photoperiod of 10:14, the percentages of parasitoids that entered pupal diapause was 97.9, 87.8, and 26.2%, respectively. Critical photoperiods were determined to be 7.03:16.97 and 12.21:11.79 at 16 degrees C and 6.75:17.25 and 12.03:11.97 at 18 degrees C. The second instar of the parasitoid was the most sensitive to diapause induction for the photoperiods and temperatures tested. C1 [Li, Wenxiang; Liu, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Qingwen] China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Agron & Biotech, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Li, Wenxiang; Li, Jiancheng; Lu, Ziyun; Pan, Wenliang] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Integrated Pest Management Ctr Hebei Prov, Inst Plant Protect, Baoding 071000, Peoples R China. [Coudron, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Zhang, QW (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Agron & Biotech, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM zhangqinwen@263.com NR 34 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[613:ROPATI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 320YZ UT WOS:000257272400017 ER PT J AU Machado, V Wunder, M Baldissera, VD Oliveira, JV Fiuza, LM Nagoshi, RN AF Machado, Vilmar Wunder, Milena Baldissera, Vanessa D. Oliveira, Jaime V. Fiuza, Lidia M. Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI Molecular characterization of host strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in Southern Brazil SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; fall armyworm; polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; cytochrome oxidase I ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; I GENE; POPULATIONS; FLORIDA; RICE; CORN; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; CROPS AB Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a Neotropical species found from Argentina to the United States of America. In its distribution area, two genetically distinct strains are found that differ in their plant host distribution. The strains are morphologically identical, and they can only be reliably distinguished by molecular markers. In this study, we characterized caterpillars collected in corn, Zea mays L., and rice, Oryza sativa L., plantations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The mitochondrial haplotype typical of the rice strain was found in 100% of the caterpillars collected from that crop, whereas 83% of the caterpillars obtained from corn were of the corn strain haplotype. A sex-linked tandem repeat element called FR was previously shown to have a strain-biased distribution in North American Populations. We demonstrated that the same element is found in Brazilian fall armyworm and that it also organized in large tandem repeat clusters that are most frequently observed in caterpillars collected from rice and that display the rice strain mitochondrial haplotype. These results indicate that the Brazilian and North American fall armyworm populations are virtually indistinguishable with respect to the known genetic markers that are diagnostic of strain identity. Furthermore the data are consistent with other studies suggesting substantial gene flow between these widely separated populations. The strain-biased distribution of the FR element makes it a potentially useful marker to estimate interstrain hybridization frequencies of this species in Brazil. C1 [Machado, Vilmar; Wunder, Milena; Baldissera, Vanessa D.; Fiuza, Lidia M.] Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Programa Posgrad Biol, BR-93022000 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. [Oliveira, Jaime V.] IRGA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. [Nagoshi, Rodney N.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Machado, V (reprint author), Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Programa Posgrad Biol, Caixa Postal 275, BR-93022000 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. EM machado@unisinos.br RI Machado, Vilmar/G-1792-2012 OI Machado, Vilmar/0000-0003-4704-8602 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[619:MCOHSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 320YZ UT WOS:000257272400018 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Lemon, M Harmer, AMT Evans, CS Taylor, PW AF Mankin, R. W. Lemon, M. Harmer, A. M. T. Evans, C. S. Taylor, P. W. TI Time-pattern and frequency analyses of sounds produced by irradiated and untreated male Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera : Tephritidae) during mating behavior SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera tryoni; sterile insect technique; mating competitiveness ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; QUEENSLAND FRUIT-FLY; CUCURBITAE COQUILLETT DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA LOEW; DACUS-TRYONI; TECHNIQUE PROGRAMS; SEXUAL SELECTION; FLIGHT-MUSCLE; FLIES AB Behavior and sounds associated with mating of mass-reared irradiated and untreated (nonirradiated) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) males were analyzed from synchronous acoustic and video records. The flies tested were from a population used in sterile release programs that help maintain fruit-fly-free areas in Australia. Males typically produce "calling," ''courtship," and "copula" sounds as mating progresses. Calling sounds are variable-duration bursts of wing vibrations produced before the male orients toward the female. Rapid bursts of courtship sounds of relatively constant duration are produced after orientation toward the female. Copula sounds of variable amplitude and duration are produced after mounting. There was a significant negative correlation between courtship wingbeat frequency and wing width of untreated males, and those that copulated had a lower frequency than those that failed. Wingbeat frequencies in flight, calling, courtship, and copula sounds were significantly correlated within flies, possibly because they all are produced by the same flight motor, with amplitudes affected by the positioning of the wings relative to "stops" on the thorax. The temporal patterns of calling and courtship sounds differed significantly between irradiated and untreated males. Irradiation is known to damage insect central nervous system interneurons and thereby alter the coordination and timing of behavioral activities, but this is the first study identifying an effect of irradiation on tephritid calling and courtship sounds. Although differences in temporal patterns of calling and courtship sounds have potential to affect mating competitiveness, no differences were observed in proportions of irradiated and untreated males that copulated in the laboratory. C1 [Mankin, R. W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Lemon, M.; Harmer, A. M. T.; Evans, C. S.; Taylor, P. W.] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Integrat Study Anim Behav, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM richard.mankin@ars.usda.gov RI Taylor, Phillip/E-4620-2011 OI Taylor, Phillip/0000-0002-7574-7737 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 664 EP 674 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[664:TAFAOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 320YZ UT WOS:000257272400023 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Guedot, C AF Landolt, Peter J. Guedot, Christelle TI Field attraction of codling moths (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) to apple and pear fruit, and quantitation of kairomones from attractive fruit SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE codling moth; apple; pear; host-finding; attraction ID CYDIA-POMONELLA L.; LASPEYRESIA-POMONELLA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; VOLATILE EMISSIONS; LARVAE; ODOR; ORCHARDS; FEMALES AB Male and female codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) responded to fruit-baited traps in orchards. Numbers of codling moths trapped with immature uninfested apples (Malus spp.), immature apples infested with larval codling moth, fresh ripe apples, stored ripe apples, or fresh ripe pears (Pyrus spp.) were significantly greater than in unbaited traps. Greatest numbers of codling moths were captured in traps baited with ripe 'Bartlett' pears, but direct comparisons of these fruit types were not made. Females captured in traps baited with ripe apples or pears were primarily mated and had developing or mature eggs, and smaller numbers of females trapped were unmated without eggs or were postreproductive. Volatile compounds sampled from infested immature 'Red Delicious' apples that were attractive in traps showed emission of two known codling moth host kairomones: (E,E)-alpha-farnesene as well as small amounts of p-caryophyllene. Collections of volatile chemicals from ripe 'Braeburn' apples that were attractive in traps showed strong emission of the codling moth kairomones 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate, and (E,E)-a-farnesene, and very small amounts of the kairomones (R)-limonene and (E)-beta-farnesene. Volatile collections made from ripe Bartlett pears that were attractive in traps indicated strong emission of the codling moth kairomones butyl hexanoate, ethyl (E,Z) 2,4-decadienoate and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and small amounts of the kairomones 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl hexanoate, beta-caryophyllene, (E)-beta-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol. C1 [Landolt, Peter J.; Guedot, Christelle] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM landolt@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[675:FAOCML]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 320YZ UT WOS:000257272400024 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, James H. TI A native ground-nesting bee (Nomia melanderi) sustainably managed to pollinate alfalfa across an intensively agricultural landscape SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE apiformes; crop; Halictidae; Medicago; pollinator ID ALKALI BEES; HYMENOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; MEGACHILIDAE; HALICTIDAE; ANDRENIDAE; BIOLOGY; ECOLOGY; BEDS; SEED AB The world's only intensively managed ground-nesting bee, the alkali bee (Nomia melanderi Cockerell), has been used for >50 years as an effective pollinator of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown for seed in the western USA. Across a 240 km(2) watershed in Washington, the 24 most populous of 56 nest sites found were annually surveyed for nesting bees for 8 years. Alkali bees multiplied 9-fold to 17 million females, the largest reported metapopulation of non-social bees. Several sites have remained populous for an unprecedented 50 years. The most populous nesting bed (1.5 ha) grew to 5.3 million nesting females (median = 278 nests/m(2)), the largest bee nesting aggregation ever recorded. This first-ever exhaustive landscape-level survey for any non-social bee reveals that even amid intensive conventional agriculture, a native bee can sustainably multiply to vast numbers, its nesting aggregations persisting for decades. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Jim.Cane@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1051/apido:2008013 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 305BZ UT WOS:000256154100004 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Chronis, D AF Krishnan, Hari B. Chronis, Demosthenis TI Functional nodFE genes are present in Sinorhizobium sp strain MUS10, a symbiont of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NODULATION FACTORS; ROOT NODULATION; FATTY-ACIDS; REQUIREMENTS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS AB We have cloned the nodFE operon from Sinorhizobium sp. strain MUS10. MUS10 NodF shows sequence homology to acyl carrier protein and enables an S. meliloti nodF mutant to effectively nodulate alfalfa. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of nodFE in a symbiont that nodulates a legume host not belonging to the galegoid group. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.; Chronis, Demosthenis] Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2921 EP 2923 DI 10.1128/AEM.00075-08 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 296TE UT WOS:000255567900041 PM 18326678 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Humphrey, SB Sharma, VK Zuerner, RL AF Stanton, Thaddeus B. Humphrey, Samuel B. Sharma, Vijay K. Zuerner, Richard L. TI Collateral effects of antibiotics: Carbadox and metronidazole induce VSH-1 and facilitate gene transfer among Brachyspira hyodysenterae strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; SUBINHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS; RESISTANCE GENES; TRANSFER AGENT; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SWINE DYSENTERY; MITOMYCIN-C; DNA; BACTERIOPHAGES AB Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is an anaerobic spirochete and the etiologic agent of swine dysentery. The genome of this spirochete contains a mitomycin C-inducible, prophage-like gene transfer agent designated VSH-1. VSH-1 particles package random 7.5-kb fragments of the B. hyodysenteriae genome and transfer genes between B. hyodysenteriae cells. The chemicals and conditions inducing VSH-1 production are largely unknown. Antibiotics used in swine management and stressors inducing traditional prophages might induce VSH-1 and thereby stimulate lateral gene transfer between B. hyodysenteriae cells. In these studies, VSH-1 induction was initially detected by a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay evaluating increased transcription of hvp38 (VSH-1 head protein gene). VSH-1 induction was confirmed by detecting VSH-1-associated 7.5-kb DNA and VSH-1 particles in B. hyodysenteriae cultures. Nine antibiotics (chlortetracycline, lincomycin, tylosin, tiamulin, virginiamycin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and florfenicol) at concentrations affecting B. hyodysenteriae growth did not induce VSH-1 production. By contrast, VSH-1 was detected in B. hyodysenteriae cultures treated with mitomycin C (10 mu g/ml), carbadox (0.5 mu g/ml), metronidazole (0.5 mu g/ml), and H2O2 (300 mu M). Carbadox- and metronidazole-induced VSH-1 particles transmitted tylosin and chloramphenicol resistance determinants between B. hyodysenteriae strains. The results of these studies suggest that certain antibiotics may induce the production of prophage or prophage-like elements by intestinal bacteria and thereby impact intestinal microbial ecology. C1 [Stanton, Thaddeus B.; Humphrey, Samuel B.; Sharma, Vijay K.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Thaddeus.Stanton@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 74 IS 10 BP 2950 EP 2956 DI 10.1128/AEM.00189-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 303XR UT WOS:000256074900003 PM 18359835 ER PT J AU Woodyer, RD Wymer, NJ Racine, FM Khan, SN Saha, BC AF Woodyer, Ryan D. Wymer, Nathan J. Racine, F. Michael Khan, Shama N. Saha, Badal C. TI Efficient production of L-ribose with a recombinant Escherichia coli biocatalyst SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT MANNITOL DEHYDROGENASE; CELERY SUSPENSION-CULTURES; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; GLYCEROL FACILITATOR; D-MANNONO-1,4-LACTONE; 1-OXIDOREDUCTASE; PURIFICATION; INHIBITION; ZINC; K-12 AB A new synthetic platform with potential for the production of several rare sugars, with L-ribose as the model target, is described. The gene encoding the unique NAD-dependent mannitol-1-dehydrogenase (MDH) from Apium graveolens (garden celery) was synthetically constructed for optimal expression in Escherichia coli. This MDH enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of several polyols and their L-sugar counterparts, including the conversion of ribitol to L-ribose. Expression of recombinant MDH in the active form was successfully achieved, and one-step purification was demonstrated. Using the created recombinant E. coli strain as a whole-cell catalyst, the synthetic utility was demonstrated for production of L-ribose, and the system was improved using shaken flask experiments. It was determined that addition of 50 to 500 mu M ZnCl2 and addition of 5 g/liter glycerol both improved production. The final levels of conversion achieved were >70% at a concentration of 40 g/liter and >50% at a concentration of 100 g/liter. The best conditions determined were then scaled up to a 1-liter fermentation that resulted in 55% conversion of 100 g/liter ribitol in 72 h, for a volumetric productivity of 17.4 g liter(-1) day(-1). This system represents a significantly improved method for the large-scale production of L-ribose. C1 ZuChem Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Saha, Badal C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Woodyer, RD (reprint author), ZuChem, Rm B107,801 W Main St, Peoria, IL 61606 USA. EM rwoodyer@zuchem.com NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 74 IS 10 BP 2967 EP 2975 DI 10.1128/AEM.02768-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 303XR UT WOS:000256074900005 PM 18344327 ER PT J AU Loper, JE Henkels, MD Shaffer, BT Valeriote, FA Gross, H AF Loper, Joyce E. Henkels, Marcella D. Shaffer, Brenda T. Valeriote, Frederick A. Gross, Harald TI Isolation and identification of rhizoxin analogs from Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 by using a genomic mining strategy SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROCYCLIC LACTONE ANTIBIOTICS; FUNGUS RHIZOPUS-MICROSPORUS; SECONDARY METABOLITES; GENE-CLUSTER; BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONT; CLINICAL-TRIALS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHINENSIS; DOMAINS; CANCER AB The products synthesized from a hybrid polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster in the genome of Pseudomonas fiuorescens Pf-5 were identified using a genomics-guided strategy involving insertional mutagenesis and subsequent metabolite profiling. Five analogs of rhizoxin, a 16-member macrolide with antifungal, phytotoxic, and antitumor activities, were produced by Pf-5, but not by a mutant with an insertion in the gene cluster. The five rhizoxin analogs, one of which had not been described previously, were differentially toxic to two agriculturally important plant pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora ramorum. The rhizoxin analogs also caused swelling of rice roots, a symptom characteristic of rhizoxin itself, but were less toxic to pea and cucumber roots. Of the rhizoxin analogs produced by Pf-5, the predominant compound, WF-1360 F, and the newly described compound 22Z-WF-1360 F were most toxic against the two plant pathogens and three plant species. These rhizoxin analogs were tested against a panel of human cancer lines, and they exhibited potent but nonselective cytotoxicity. This study highlights the value of the genomic sequence of the soil bacterium P. fluorescens Pf-5 in providing leads for the discovery of novel metabolites with significant biological properties. C1 [Gross, Harald] Univ Bonn, Inst Pharmaceut Biol, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Loper, Joyce E.; Henkels, Marcella D.; Shaffer, Brenda T.] USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Valeriote, Frederick A.] Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Gross, H (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Pharmaceut Biol, Nussallee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM harald.gross@uni-bonn.de OI Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 NR 53 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 74 IS 10 BP 3085 EP 3093 DI 10.1128/AEM.02848-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 303XR UT WOS:000256074900020 PM 18344330 ER PT J AU Sharma, V Moreau, RA Singh, V AF Sharma, Vivek Moreau, Robert A. Singh, Vijay TI Increasing the value of hominy feed as a coproduct by fermentation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal feed; corn dry milling; ethanol; hominy feed ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CORN; SOLUBLES; FIBER AB Hominy feed is a low value ($83.7/metric ton) coproduct of the corn dry milling process that accounts for nearly 35% of the starting corn quantity. The average composition of hominy feed on a dry basis is 56.9% starch, 25.2% neutral detergent fiber, 11.1% protein, and 5.3% fat. Starch in hominy feed can be fermented to ethanol thus increasing its levels of protein and fat. The increase in protein and fat percentages may increase the market competitiveness and price of hominy feed. Hydrolysis and fermentation were performed on nine hominy feed samples collected from three corn dry milling plants in the USA. The original hominy feed samples and postfermentation solids were analyzed for starch, protein, fat, and fiber content. Compared to the original hominy feed, the percentage increase in protein, fat and fiber in postfermentation solids of nine samples ranged from 10.4 to 21.3, 6.78 to 10.6, and 12.6 to 28.7% (dry basis), respectively. Ethanol yields varied from 271.7 to 380.2 l/metric ton for the nine hominy feed samples. These results indicate that the value of hominy feed as an animal feedstock can potentially be increased with fermentation and can produce more profit per metric ton than currently being derived by its sale as a low protein feed ingredient. C1 [Sharma, Vivek; Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moreau, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 360G AESB,1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 149 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-8110-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 286LN UT WOS:000254847500006 PM 18401745 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Hoffmann, WC AF Fritz, B. K. Hoffmann, W. C. TI Development of a system for determining collection efficiency of spray samplers SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE collection efficiency; spray sampling; spray application; spray flux measurement ID ROTATING ARM COLLECTOR; DRIFT; DEPOSITION; ORCHARD AB A methodology for evaluating the collection efficiency (CE) of airborne spray flux samplers in a low speed spray dispersion tunnel was developed and evaluated. Prior to evaluation of the testing protocol, dispersion tunnel operating characteristics were examined. Air speeds and flux measurements in the working section of the tunnel showed defined gradients which the collection efficiency protocol had to address. The proposed methodology used soda straws and monofilament line as spray flux samplers because their theoretical CE could be calculated to estimate the actual spray flux measured across a sampler of interest. This estimated actual flux was then used to determine the experimental collection efficiency of this sampler. This protocol was tested by comparing the theoretically and experimentally derived CE of soda straw collectors. Results showed no statistical difference between the theoretical and experimental CE at each air speed tested. As the air speeds increased from 0.45 to 4.0 m/s, the CE for the monofilament line increased from 52.3% to 82.6%, respectively, while the CE of the soda straw also increased from 6.7% to 45%, respectively. This methodology might be used to determine CE for various spray flux samplers, such as flat plate collectors, rotating rods, and screens. C1 [Fritz, B. K.; Hoffmann, W. C.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bfritz@apmru.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 310TL UT WOS:000256553200003 ER PT J AU Holt, GA Laird, JW AF Holt, G. A. Laird, J. W. TI Initial fiber quality comparisons of the power roll gin stand to three different makes of conventional gin stands SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton gin; cotton; gin stand; fiber quality; seed cotton; gin; ginning ID EXPERIMENTS OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB The powered roll gin stand is a new saw-type ginning technology that has undergone numerous studies evaluating its use for ginning seed cotton. Past results have shown increased production and turnout without adversely affecting fiber properties. In some cases, improvements in fiber properties over a conventional gin stand were demonstrated. This article reports High Volume Instrument and Advanced Fiber Information System fiber property results from three field tests evaluating the technology on three different makes of gin stands. Results indicate the powered roll gin stand performed equal to or better than some of the conventional gin stands in processing rate, lint turnout, and/or some fiber properties. However, work remains to refine the technology so that it performs consistently on different makes of gin stands. C1 [Holt, G. A.; Laird, J. W.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM greg.holt@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 310TL UT WOS:000256553200004 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Yang, Y Wilson, LT Siebenmorgen, TJ AF Arthur, F. H. Yang, Y. Wilson, L. T. Siebenmorgen, T. J. TI Feasibility of automatic aeration for insect pest management for rice stored in East Texas SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aeration; stored rice; Rhyzopertha dominica; Sitophilus oryzae ID DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; COLEOPTERA; BOSTRICHIDAE; POPULATIONS; EFFICACY; IMPACT AB Aeration using automatic controllers was compared with manually-activated aeration (manual aeration) in bins of farm-stored rice in Nome, Texas, from 17 September 2002 through the end of the year. Manual aeration was defined as the farm owner manually activating the fans in mid-October, while automatic aeration employed activation temperatures of 23.9 degrees C 15.6 degrees C, and 7.2 degrees C for three discreet cooling cycles. Population development of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, was assessed by confining 20 adults of each species with 150 g of rough rice in separate cages placed at 6 different locations in the top of the rice mass. Total heat units at temperatures above 15 degrees C were 150 to 300 degree days (DD) lower in bins with automatic aeration compared to manual aeration. Temperatures from 17 September through mid-October were 8 degrees C to 10 degrees C less in bins with automatic aeration than in with manual aeration, and 3 degrees C to 6 degrees C less during the remainder of the year. The number of adult R. dominica in the cages from bins with manual aeration were 45.4 +/- 13.1, 114.5 +/- 17.7, and 223.0 +/- 24.8 after 5, 10, and 15 weeks, respectively, while populations in cages from bins with automatic aeration were significantly less (P < 0.05); 0.8 +/- 0.3, 24.5 +/- 4.5, and 21.7 +/- 2.7 after 5, 10, and 15 weeks, respectively. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the number of adult S. oryzae collected in cages from bins with manual versus controlled aeration after 5 weeks (11.7 +/- 8.1 and 0.3 +/- 0.3, respectively), 10 weeks (14.7 +/- 7.1 and 18.0 +/- 9.6, respectively), and 15 weeks (39.0 +/- 21.2 and 10.5 +/- 5.6, respectively). However, the variation in the data set could have masked the apparent differences in the two aeration strategies. C1 [Arthur, F. H.] ARS, USDA, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Yang, Y.; Wilson, L. T.] Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Beaumont, TX USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 310TL UT WOS:000256553200009 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Davis, JD AF Purswell, J. L. Davis, J. D. TI Construction of a low-cost black globe thermometer SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE globe thermometer; data acquisition; thermal comfort ID PERFORMANCE; COWS AB An economical self-contained globe thermometer was developed for use in field applications. The instrument uses a miniature integral temperature sensor and datalogger in place of a separate sensor and external datalogger. The performance of the miniature sensor/logger units was shown to be satisfactory for use in globe thermometers. Calibration of the units showed a linear behavior with standard errors ranging from 0.02 degrees C to 0.04 degrees C for the span of 15 degrees C to 90 degrees C. The integral sensor/logger performed as well as the thermistor/external logger combination and can be fabricated at a low cost. C1 [Purswell, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39768 USA. [Davis, J. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39768 USA. EM joseph.purswell@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 379 EP 381 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 310TL UT WOS:000256553200013 ER PT J AU Weyers, SL Schomberg, HH Hendrix, PF Spokas, KA Endale, DM AF Weyers, S. L. Schomberg, H. H. Hendrix, P. F. Spokas, K. A. Endale, D. M. TI Construction of an electrical device for sampling earthworm populations in the field SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE octet; earthworms; electrical extraction; sampling; disturbance; conservation management; no-till ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; GEORGIA PIEDMONT; OCTET-METHOD; SOIL; TILLAGE; ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT; EXTRACTION; MUSTARD; USA AB Methods for the estimation of earthworm population densities range from laborious handsorting, through chemical applications, to electrical extraction. Of these methods, only the electrical extraction allows for sampling of earthworms without detrimental soil disturbance or contamination. However, a device to extract earthworms under controlled electronic conditions is not readily available to researchers. An improved design on the long-established electrical "octet" extraction device is presented. This improved design allows for hand-built construction of an apparatus that can be connected to external drive controls, including data loggers and PC-controlled drivers. This design also allows for modification of sampling settings to suit specific environmental conditions, with control of voltage, and operation with a static or dynamic electrical field being generated. Operational ability to extract earthworms was validated in field trials in both a forested area and an agricultural field. Earthworm sampling efficiencies calculated in comparison to hand-sorting averaged around 90% for the electrical device; however, because of limited field use in this instance, these efficiencies support the general functioning of the apparatus rather than an absolute assurance of quality. In using this hand-built device we established that this design is capable of extracting both native and exotic earthworms of various age and size class under various soil conditions, that soil disturbance and contamination can be avoided, and that the device can easily be transported into remote locations. C1 [Weyers, S. L.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Schomberg, H. H.] ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Hendrix, P. F.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hendrix, P. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Spokas, K. A.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Weyers, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Sharon.Weyer@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 310TL UT WOS:000256553200015 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Dashiell, KE AF Hesler, Louis S. Dashiell, Kenton E. TI Identification and characterization of new sources of resistance to Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera : Aphididae) in soybean lines SO APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiosis; antixenosis; Perrin; Tracy-M; D75-10169 ID HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; PUBESCENCE TYPE; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; HOMOPTERA ALEYRODIDAE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; GENOTYPES; VIRUSES AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] in Asia, and its recent establishment in North America has led to large, recurring outbreaks that have challenged pest management practitioners to seek environmentally responsible means for its control. Growth-chamber experiments identified resistance to A. glycines in soybean lines 'Perrin'; 'Tracy-M,' its glabrous near-isoline 'D88-5328,' and its densely pubescent near-isoline 'D88-5272'; 'D75-10169,' its glabrous near-isoline 'D90-9216,' and a densely pubescent near-isoline 'D90-9220.' Tracy-M and D75-10169 were antixenotic to A. glycines in host-selection tests. In no-choice nymphiposition tests, the number of nymphs deposited by A. glycines on D75-10169, Perrin, and Tracy-M did not differ from that on other lines after 24- and 48-h test periods. Under conditions in which A. glycines were free to distribute on plants over a 48-h period, aphids were found primarily on stems and trifoliolate leaves of Perrin, Tracy-M, D75-10169 and a resistant control, 'Dowling,' whereas the majority of aphids infesting susceptible lines '91B91' and 'Davis' were distributed on unifoliolate leaves. Irrespective of shoot structure, low numbers of A. glycines were found on Dowling compared to other lines. The mean number of days to reproductive maturity for A. glycines did not differ among lines. Aphis glycines produced fewer nymphs during the first 7d of reproduction on Perrin, Tracy-M, D75-10169 and Dowling compared to Davis, and fewer A. glycines progeny were produced on D75-10169 and Dowling than on 91B91. Results show that Dowling continues to be a strong source of resistance to A. glycines. Perrin, Tracy-M, and D75-10169 have been used as sources of resistance to other insects, and discovery of resistance to A. glycines in these three lines may increase their utility in soybean breeding programs. C1 [Hesler, Louis S.; Dashiell, Kenton E.] Agr Res Serv, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL PI TOKYO PA 1-43-11 KOMAGOME TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170, JAPAN SN 0003-6862 J9 APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL JI Appl. Entomol. Zoolog. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1303/aez.2008.197 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 330RF UT WOS:000257959800006 ER PT J AU Sun, XY Steffens, DC Au, R Folstein, M Summergrad, P Yee, J Rosenberg, I Mwamburi, M Qiu, WQ AF Sun, Xiaoyan Steffens, David C. Au, Rhoda Folstein, Marshal Summergrad, Paul Yee, Jacqueline Rosenberg, Irwin Mwamburi, Mkaya Qiu, Wei Qiao TI Amyloid-associated depression - A prodromal depression of Alzheimer disease? SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; BETA-PROTEIN-LEVELS; PLASMA A-BETA; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; DOWN-SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; RISK AB Context: A high ratio of plasma amyloid-beta peptide 40 (A beta(40)) to A beta(42), determined by both high A beta(40) and low A beta(42) levels, increases the risk of Alzheimer disease. In a previous study, we reported that depression is also associated with low plasma A beta(42) levels in the elderly population. Objective: To characterize plasma A beta(40):A beta(42) ratio and cognitive function in elderly individuals with and without depression. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Homecare agencies. Participants: A total of 995 homebound elderly individuals of whom 348 were defined as depressed by a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score of 16 or greater. Main Outcome Measures: Cognitive domains of memory, language, executive, and visuospatial functions according to levels of plasma A beta(40) and A beta(42) peptides. Results: Subjects with depression had lower plasma A beta(42) levels (median, 14.1 vs 19.2 pg/mL; P=.006) and a higher plasma A beta(40):A beta(42) ratio (median, 8.9 vs 6.4; P<.001) than did those without depression in the absence of cardiovascular disease and antidepressant use. The interaction between depression and plasma A beta(40):A beta(42) ratio was associated with lower memory score (beta=-1.9, SE=0.7, P=.006) after adjusting for potentially confounders. Relative to those without depression, "amyloid-associated depression," defined by presence of depression and a high plasma A beta(40):A beta(42) ratio, was associated with greater impairment in memory, visuospatial ability, and executive function; in contrast, nonamyloid depression was not associated with memory impairment but with other cognitive disabilities. Conclusion: Amyloid-associated depression may define a subtype of depression representing a prodromal manifestation of Alzheimer disease. C1 [Sun, Xiaoyan; Folstein, Marshal; Summergrad, Paul; Qiu, Wei Qiao] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sun, Xiaoyan; Folstein, Marshal; Yee, Jacqueline; Qiu, Wei Qiao] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Steffens, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC USA. [Au, Rhoda] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Au, Rhoda] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [Rosenberg, Irwin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Mwamburi, Mkaya] Tufts Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Qiu, WQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Campus Box 1007,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM wqiu@tufts-nemc.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000054, M01-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-022476, AG-21790, K23 AG022476, K23 AG022476-05, R01 AG021790, R01 AG031171]; NIMH NIH HHS [K24 MH070027, MH70027] NR 64 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.542 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 296NY UT WOS:000255554300008 PM 18458206 ER PT J AU Seshadri, S Wolf, PA Beiser, AS Selhub, J Au, R Jacques, PF Yoshita, M Rosenberg, IH D'Agostino, RB DeCarli, C AF Seshadri, Sudha Wolf, Philip A. Beiser, Alexa S. Selhub, Jacob Au, Rhoda Jacques, Paul F. Yoshita, Mitsuhiro Rosenberg, Irwin H. D'Agostino, Ralph B. DeCarli, Charles TI Association of plasma total homocysteine levels with subclinical brain injury SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-MATTER CHANGES; STROKE RISK PROFILE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; HYPERINTENSITY VOLUME; NORTHERN MANHATTAN; ELDERLY PERSONS; ROTTERDAM SCAN; DISEASE; POPULATION; HOMOCYST(E)INE AB Background: Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels have been associated with increased risk of dementia and stroke, but it is uncertain whether the mediating mechanisms are predominantly cellular, vascular, or both. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between tHcy levels and findings at brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a community-based sample. Design: Our sample comprised 1965 participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (1050 women; mean [SD] age, 62 [9] years) who were free of clinical stroke, dementia, or other neurologic disease affecting brain MRI and for whom at least 1 measurement of plasma tHcy level (1991-2001) and a brain MRI (1999-2002) were available. We used multivariate regression analysis to relate initial (1991-1995) and concurrent (1998-2001) plasma tHcy levels to total cerebral brain volume and lobar volumes as measures of neuronal loss and atrophy and to the presence or absence of silent brain infarcts and extensive white matter hyperintensity (log - white matter intensity >= 1 SD above the age-adjusted mean) as separate measures of vascular injury. Results: Mean total cerebral brain volume was 78%. At MRI, 218 participants had silent brain infarcts and 250 demonstrated extensive white matter hyperintensity. Participants with a plasma tHcy level in the highest age( - 0.37%, P=.01) or sex-specific ( - 0.48%, P <.001) quartile had smaller total cerebral brain volumes compared with participants with lower tHcy levels. Initial tHcy levels were associated with a higher prevalence of silent brain infarct (relative risk, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.1; P=.02) and concurrent tHcy levels, with smaller frontal ( - 0.14%, P=.001) and temporal lobar ( - 0.10%, P=.04) volumes. Prevalence of extensive white matter hyperintensity did not differ according to initial or concurrent plasma tHcy levels (relative risk, both 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-1.4 and 0.8-1.4, respectively). Conclusions: Higher plasma tHcy levels are associated with smaller brain volume and the presence of silent brain infarcts at MRI, even in healthy, middle-aged adults. Thus, both cellular and vascular mechanisms may underlie the association of plasma tHcy level with brain aging, as reflected by the effects on both subclinical and overt disease. C1 [Seshadri, Sudha; Wolf, Philip A.; Beiser, Alexa S.; Au, Rhoda] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Beiser, Alexa S.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph B.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA USA. [Selhub, Jacob; Jacques, Paul F.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Tufts Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Yoshita, Mitsuhiro; DeCarli, Charles] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seshadri, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 715 Albany St,Room B-602, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM suseshad@bu.edu RI DeCarli, Charles/B-5541-2009; OI Seshadri, Sudha/0000-0001-6135-2622; Au, Rhoda/0000-0001-7742-4491; Beiser, Alexa/0000-0001-8551-7778 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HC025195, N01-HC-25195]; NIA NIH HHS [5R01-AG08122, R01 AG016495, 5R01-AG16495, P30 AG010129-17, R01 AG016495-10, R01 AG008122, P30 AG010129, R01 AG008122-19]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS017950-27, 5R01-NS17950-19, R01 NS017950] NR 35 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 642 EP 649 DI 10.1001/archneur.65.5.642 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 299WJ UT WOS:000255785600013 PM 18474741 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, HD Hobbs, LA AF Lehmkuhl, Howard D. Hobbs, L. A. TI Serologic and hexon phylogenetic analysis of ruminant adenoviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; BOVINE ADENOVIRUS; OVINE ADENOVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND; SEROTYPE; SHEEP; IDENTIFICATION; PROPOSAL; ISOLATE AB The objectives of this study were to determine the antigenic relationship among ruminant adenoviruses and determine their phylogenetic relationship based on the deduced hexon gene amino acid sequence. Results of reciprocal cross-neutralization tests demonstrated antigenic relationships in either one or both directions among bovine adenovirus type 6 (BAdV-6), BAdV-7, ovine adenovirus type 7 (OAdV-7), caprine adenovirus type 1 (GAdV-1), and deer adenovirus (Odocoileus adenovirus 1, OdAdV-1). No antigenic cross-reactivity was observed among BAdV-1 through -5, and -8 and the other putative ruminant adenoviruses. Two PCR primer sets, one for mastadenovirus and atadenovirus that amplified an approximately 2,700-bp region in the hexon genes were used for comparative studies. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced hexon amino acid sequences clustered the ruminant adenoviruses on the Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus genus branches of the Adenoviridae tree. The recent classification of BAdV-6, and -7 as members of the genus Atadenovirus was supported by phylogenetic distance matrix analysis of their deduced hexon amino acid sequences. Further, we propose that BAdV-6 and -7 be recognized as members of new Atadenovirus species, Bovine adenovirus E and Bovine adenovirus F, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of OdAdV-1 places this virus in the genus Atadenovirus with a proposed new species Odocoileus adenovirus A. OAdV-6 and GAdV-2 are proposed as members of new Mastadenovirus species Ovine adenovirus C and Goat adenovirus A, respectively. C1 [Lehmkuhl, Howard D.; Hobbs, L. A.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, HD (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Howard.Lehmkuhl@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 891 EP 897 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0063-4 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 289YM UT WOS:000255089800008 PM 18340400 ER PT J AU Li, R Mock, R AF Li, R. Mock, R. TI Characterization of a flowering cherry strain of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ALIGNMENT; SWEET; TOOLS; RNA AB The host range and complete nucleotide sequences of two Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) isolates (FC4 and FC5) infecting flowering cherry accessions imported from Japan are described. Of the plants tested, cherry, peach, apricot and almond became infected, but only sweet cherry cv. 'Canindex', Nanking cherry and apricot cv. 'Tilton' showed a mild foliar mottle. The genomic sequences of CNRMV-FC4 and CNRMV-FC5 are 8,430 and 8,429 nt in length, excluding the 3' poly (A) tail. They contain seven open reading frames encoding for a putative virus replicase, "triple gene block" proteins, a coat protein and two proteins with unknown functions. The two CNRMV-FC isolates share 96% identity in the genomic sequences, and their genome organizations are virtually identical to that of a German CNRMV isolate (CNRMV-GER). However, they differ from CNRMV-GER by 14% in the overall nucleotide sequence and 2% (ORF2) to 30% (ORF5a) in the derived amino acid sequences of individual gene products. C1 [Li, R.; Mock, R.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resource Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resource Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ruhui.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 973 EP 978 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0071-4 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 289YM UT WOS:000255089800019 PM 18368286 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC French, R AF Stenger, Drake C. French, Roy TI Complete nucleotide sequence of a maize chlorotic mottle virus isolate from Nebraska SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORN LETHAL NECROSIS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTS; INFECTIONS AB The complete genome of a maize chlorotic mottle virus isolate from Nebraska (MCMV-NE) was cloned and sequenced. The MCMV-NE genome consists of 4,436 nucleotides and shares 99.5 nucleotide sequence identity with an MCMV isolate from Kansas (MCMV-KS). Of 22 polymorphic sites, most resulted from transition with a clear bias for U to C and C to U substitutions. The MCMV-NE genome was assembled into a single plasmid insert and used as a template to transcribe RNA in vitro. As RNA transcribed from the cloned MCMV-NE genome was infectious to maize plants, sequence differences between MCMV-NE and MCMV-KS are most likely neutral with respect to pathogenicity and virulence. C1 [Stenger, Drake C.; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 995 EP 997 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0069-y PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 289YM UT WOS:000255089800023 PM 18365127 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Beattie, KL Shephard, MA Carlson, ML Lapina, I Hebert, M Gronquist, R Densmore, R Rasy, M AF Conn, J. S. Beattie, K. L. Shephard, M. A. Carlson, M. L. Lapina, I. Hebert, M. Gronquist, R. Densmore, R. Rasy, M. TI Alaska Melilotus invasions: Distribution, origin, and susceptibility of plant communities SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; 7 LEGUME CROPS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; INTERIOR ALASKA; GLACIER BAY; SOILS; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS AB Melilotus alba and M. officinalis were introduced to Alaska in 1913 as potential forage crops. These species have become naturalized and are now invading large, exotic plant-free regions of Alaska. We determined distributions of M. alba and M. officinalis in Alaska from surveys conducted each summer from 2002 to 2005. Melilotus alba and M. officinalis occurred at 721 and 205 sites, respectively (39,756 total sites surveyed). The northward limit for M. alba and M. officinalis was 67.15 degrees N and 64.87 degrees N, respectively. Both species were strictly associated with soil disturbance. Metilotus alba extended no farther than 15 m from road edges except where M. alba on roadsides met river floodplains and dispersed downriver (Matanuska and Nenana Rivers). Melilotus has now reached the Tanana River, a tributary of the Yukon River. Populations on floodplains were most extensive on braided sections. On the Nenana River, soil characteristics did not differ between where M. alba was growing versus similar areas where it had not yet reached. The pH of river soils (7.9-8.3) was higher than highway soils (7.3). Upland taiga plant communities grow on acid soils which may protect them from invasion by Melilotus, which prefer alkaline soils; however, early succession communities on river floodplains are susceptible because soils are alkaline. C1 [Conn, J. S.; Beattie, K. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Shephard, M. A.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Carlson, M. L.; Lapina, I.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Carlson, M. L.; Lapina, I.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Hebert, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperat Extens Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gronquist, R.] Fairbanks Dist Off, Bureau Land Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Densmore, R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Rasy, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperat Extens Serv, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjscl@uaf.edu NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-007)[CONN]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 320XI UT WOS:000257268100004 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Delgado-Lista, J Cruz-Teno, C Jimenez-Gomez, Y Shen, J Marin, C Perez-Jimenez, F Ordovas, JM AF Perez-Martinez, P. Lopez-Miranda, J. Delgado-Lista, J. Cruz-Teno, C. Jimenez-Gomez, Y. Shen, J. Marin, C. Perez-Jimenez, F. Ordovas, J. M. TI THE SNP-11377 C/G AT THE ADIPONECTIN GENE MODULATES INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN RESPONSE TO DIETARY FAT CONSUMPTION IN CAUCASIAN MALES SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Perez-Martinez, P.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Delgado-Lista, J.; Cruz-Teno, C.; Jimenez-Gomez, Y.; Marin, C.; Perez-Jimenez, F.] Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unit Lipids & Atherosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. [Perez-Martinez, P.; Shen, J.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 34 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(08)70130-2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V12PI UT WOS:000207610700131 ER PT J AU Delgado-Lista, J Perez-Martinez, P Mattei, J Jimenez, Y Fuentes, F Marin, C Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F Lopez-Miranda, J AF Delgado-Lista, J. Perez-Martinez, P. Mattei, J. Jimenez, Y. Fuentes, F. Marin, C. Parnell, L. D. Ordovas, J. M. Perez-Jimenez, F. Lopez-Miranda, J. TI TWO SNPS OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE (E298D AND I19342) REGULATE POSTPRANDIAL VASCULAR REACTIVITY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Delgado-Lista, J.; Perez-Martinez, P.; Jimenez, Y.; Fuentes, F.; Marin, C.; Perez-Jimenez, F.; Lopez-Miranda, J.] Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Cordoba, Spain. [Mattei, J.; Parnell, L. D.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Nutrit & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 215 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(08)70857-2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V12PI UT WOS:000207610701576 ER PT J AU Lee, S Kim, D Park, H Lillehoj, H AF Lee, S. Kim, D. Park, H. Lillehoj, H. TI SUPPLEMENTARY EFFECT OF ECLIPTA ON THE SERUM LIPID METABOLISM IN RATS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, S.; Lillehoj, H.] USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, D.; Park, H.] RDA, NIAST, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 256 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(08)71028-6 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V12PI UT WOS:000207610701747 ER PT J AU Brockerhoff, EG Jactel, H Parrotta, JA Quine, CP Sayer, J AF Brockerhoff, Eckehard G. Jactel, Herve Parrotta, John A. Quine, Christopher P. Sayer, Jeffrey TI Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity? SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE afforestation; biodiversity conservation; certification; context; deforestation; forest management; impact assessment; land use change; landscape ecology ID DEGRADED TROPICAL LANDS; NEW-ZEALAND; TREE PLANTATIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CONIFER PLANTATIONS; SPECIES SENSITIVITY; PINE FORESTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION AB Losses of natural and semi-natural forests, mostly to agriculture, are a significant concern for biodiversity. Against this trend, the area of intensively managed plantation forests increases, and there is much debate about the implications for biodiversity. We provide a comprehensive review of the function of plantation forests as habitat compared with other land cover, examine the effects on biodiversity at the landscape scale, and synthesise context-specific effects of plantation forestry on biodiversity. Natural forests are usually more suitable as habitat for a wider range of native forest species than plantation forests but there is abundant evidence that plantation forests can provide valuable habitat, even for some threatened and endangered species, and may contribute to the conservation of biodiversity by various mechanisms. In landscapes where forest is the natural land cover, plantation forests may represent a low-contrast matrix, and afforestation of agricultural land can assist conservation by providing complementary forest habitat, buffering edge effects, and increasing connectivity. In contrast, conversion of natural forests and afforestation of natural non-forest land is detrimental. However, regional deforestation pressure for agricultural development may render plantation forestry a 'lesser evil' if forest managers protect indigenous vegetation remnants. We provide numerous context-specific examples and case studies to assist impact assessments of plantation forestry, and we offer a range of management recommendations. This paper also serves as an introduction and background paper to this special issue on the effects of plantation forests on biodiversity. C1 [Jactel, Herve] INRA, Lab Forest Entomol & Biodivers, UMR1202 Biodivers Gene & Communities, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Parrotta, John A.] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Quine, Christopher P.] No Res Stn, Roslin EH25 9SY, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sayer, Jeffrey] World Conservat Union IUCN, Forest Conservat Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.] Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand. RP Brockerhoff, EG (reprint author), Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst, POB 29237, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand. EM Eckehard.Brockerhoff@scionresearch.com RI Brockerhoff, Eckehard/C-1528-2009; JACTEL, Herve/F-3864-2010; Sayer, Jeffrey/H-5504-2011; OI Brockerhoff, Eckehard/0000-0002-5962-3208; Sayer, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4087-0794 NR 145 TC 373 Z9 400 U1 30 U2 288 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 925 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9380-x PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302VO UT WOS:000255998100001 ER PT J AU Suzuki, N Olson, DH AF Suzuki, Nobuya Olson, Deanna H. TI Options for biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes of multiple ownerships in Oregon and Washington, USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE forest certification; forest practices rules; habitat conservation plans; matrix; nonfederal lands; northwest forest plan; regulatory incentives; reserves; voluntary incentives; United States ID KLAMATH-SISKIYOU ECOREGION; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; OLD-GROWTH; WESTERN OREGON; RIPARIAN; PLANS; REGIMES; AREAS; ECOSYSTEMS AB We examine existing and developing approaches to balance biodiversity conservation and timber production with the changing conservation roles of federal and nonfederal forest land ownerships in the US Pacific Northwest. At landscape scales, implementation of the reserve-matrix approach of the federal Northwest Forest Plan in 1994 was followed by proposals of alternative designs to better integrate disturbance regimes or to conserve biodiversity in landscapes of predominantly young forests through active management without reserves. At stand scales, landowners can improve habitat heterogeneity through a host of conventional and alternative silvicultural techniques. There are no state rules that explicitly require biodiversity conservation on nonfederal lands in the region. However, state forest practices rules require retention of structural legacies to enhance habitat complexity and establishment of riparian management areas to conserve aquatic ecosystems. Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) under the US Endangered Species Act provide regulatory incentives for nonfederal landowners to protect threatened and endangered species. A state-wide programmatic HCP has recently emerged as a multi-species conservation approach on nonfederal lands. Among voluntary incentives, the Forest Stewardship Council certification comprehensively addresses fundamental elements of biodiversity conservation; however, its tough conservation requirements may limit its coverage to relatively small land areas. Future changes in landscape management strategies on federal lands may occur without coordination with nonfederal landowners because of the differences in regulatory and voluntary incentives between ownerships. This raises concerns when potentially reduced protections on federal lands are proposed, and the capacity of the remaining landscape to compensate has been degraded. C1 [Suzuki, Nobuya] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Suzuki, Nobuya; Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Suzuki, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nobi.suzuki@oregonstate.edu NR 77 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1039 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9301-4 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302VO UT WOS:000255998100005 ER PT J AU Pope, KL Garwood, JM Welsh, HH Lawler, SP AF Pope, Karen L. Garwood, Justin M. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Lawler, Sharon P. TI Evidence of indirect impacts of introduced trout on native amphibians via facilitation of a shared predator SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE hyperpredation; indirect effects; amphibian declines; predator-prey interaction; non-native; invasive species ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; NONNATIVE FISH; GARTER SNAKE; APPARENT COMPETITION; FOOD WEBS; PREY; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIFORNIA AB Hyperpredation occurs when non-native prey facilitate invasive predators, which then suppress native prey. Direct impacts of introduced fish on amphibians are well studied, but the role of fish in supporting shared predators has not been considered. We present evidence for indirect effects of trout on amphibians through snake predation. Analyses of the diet, distribution and density of the Pacific coast aquatic garter snake (Thamnophis atratus) relative to the sympatric common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in the Klamath Mountains of California suggest that trout introductions facilitated expansion of T atratus by providing alternative prey. T atratus diet included trout and amphibians whereas T sirtalis preyed solely upon amphibians. The distribution and density of T. atratus matched that of introduced trout instead of native amphibians. Populations of T. atratus could reach high densities in the absence of high densities of amphibians. When the snakes opportunistically prey upon amphibians whose numbers are already directly impacted by trout, they can cause significant additional declines. When T. atratus was present in lake basins, native Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) were rarer than in basins without T. atratus. This case differs from other hyperpredation studies because the two prey species also interact via intraguild predation. Given the worldwide practice of stocking fish into aquatic. habitats, it is important to understand the consequences of the practice on food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. Bottom-up impacts of introduced predators should be considered as well as top-down so that managers can incorporate the range of ecosystem-level effects into conservation goals and decisions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pope, Karen L.; Garwood, Justin M.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pope, Karen L.; Lawler, Sharon P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Garwood, Justin M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM kpope@fs.fed.us; justingarwood@gmail.com; hwelsh@fs.fed.us; splawler@ucdavis.edu NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1331 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.008 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317GQ UT WOS:000257008400015 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Richter, BD Alkan, Z Souza, EC Derricote, M Mackey, BE Bonnel, EL AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Richter, B. Diane Alkan, Zeynep Souza, Elaine C. Derricote, Monique Mackey, Bruce E. Bonnel, Ellen L. TI Response of selenium status indicators to supplementation of healthy North American men with high-selenium yeast SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selenium supplementation; yeast; nutritional status; diet assessment ID ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SELENIFEROUS AREA; INTERVENTION; CANCER; DIET; MORTALITY; PLATELETS; SMOKING; LINXIAN AB The essential nutrient selenium is required in microgram amounts [recommended dietary allowance (RDA)=55 mu g/day, 699 nmol/day] and has a narrow margin of safety (upper tolerable intake limit=400 mu g/day, 5 mu mol/day). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled study of high-selenium yeast, the form used in most supplements (300 mu g/day, 3.8 mu mol/day), administered to 42 free-living healthy men for 48 weeks. Dietary intakes of selenium, macronutrients, and micronutrients were not different between groups and did not change during the study. Supplementation more than doubled urinary selenium excretion from 69 to 160 mu g/day (876 to 2,032 nmol/day). Urinary excretion was correlated with recent selenium intake estimated from 3-day diet records: urinary selenium excretion=42 mu g/day (533 nmol/day)+ 0.132 x dietary selenium intake, p<0.001. Dietary selenium intake was not significantly correlated with the other indicators of selenium status, presumably because urinary selenium excretion reflected recent intake, and tissue selenium was homeostatically controlled. After 48 weeks of supplementation, plasma selenium was increased 60% from 142 to 228 mu g/l (1.8 to 2.9 mu mol/l), and erythrocyte selenium was approximately doubled from 261 to 524 mu g/l (3.3 to 6.6 mu mol/l). Selenium concentrations increased more modestly in hair (56%) and platelets (42%). Platelets were the only blood component in which glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly related to selenium content. Selenium levels decreased rapidly after the end of supplementation, and there were no significant differences in selenium status indicators between groups by week 96. The absorption, distribution, and excretion of selenium from high-Se yeast were similar to selenium in foods. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris; Richter, B. Diane; Alkan, Zeynep; Souza, Elaine C.; Derricote, Monique; Bonnel, Ellen L.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 122 IS 2 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s12011-007-8066-7 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 285AP UT WOS:000254750000002 PM 18193397 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Rowland, D Sorensen, RB Yeater, KM AF Acosta-Martinez, V. Rowland, D. Sorensen, R. B. Yeater, K. M. TI Microbial community structure and functionality under peanut-based cropping systems in a sandy soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE peanut; cotton; crop rotations; sandy soils; fatty acid methyl ester; enzyme activities; soil functioning; soil microbial community ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOMASS-C; ROTATIONS; NITROGEN; COTTON; EXTRACTION; DIVERSITY; TILLAGE AB Little information is available on soil microbial and biochemical properties, important for understanding nutrient cycling and organic matter dynamics, as affected by different peanut cropping systems and how they relate to soil functioning. Thus, we studied a Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) in Georgia, which is first in peanut production in USA, after 5 and 8 years under continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L) (CtCtCt), cotton-cotton-peanut (CtCtPt), corn (Zea mays L.)-peanut-cotton (CrPtCt), peanut-peanut-cotton (PtPtCt), and continuous peanut (PtPtPt). Soil organic carbon (OC) at 0-20 cm was already higher under PtPtPt (average, 8.7 g C kg(-1) supercript stop soil), PtPtCt (average, 7.7 g C kg(-1) soil), and CrPtCt (average, 7.8 g C kg(-1) soil) compared with CtCtPt (average, 4.7 g C kg(-1) soil) and CtCtCt (average, 3.3 g C kg(-1) soil). Similarly, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and phosphodiesterase as a group showed higher activities under PtPtPt, PtPtCt, and CrPtCt than under CtCtPt and CtCtCt. The activities of glycosidases (alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, and beta-glucosaminidase) as a group were more sensitive to the cropping systems than phosphastases and showed a distinctive cropping system separation as follows: PtPtPt=CrPtCt > PtPtCt > CtCtPt > CtCtCt. Similar to OC and microbial biomass C trends, distinctive differences were found in the microbial community structure of this sandy soil after 8 years between peanut-based cropping systems (CrPtCt, PtPtCt, and PtPtPt) and cotton-based cropping systems (CtCtCt and CtCtPt) as indicated by the fatty acid methyl esters profiles. C1 [Acosta-Martinez, V.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Rowland, D.; Sorensen, R. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. [Yeater, K. M.] USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAY PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 681 EP 692 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0251-5 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 298IF UT WOS:000255680700002 ER PT J AU Chee-Sanford, JC AF Chee-Sanford, Joanne C. TI Weed seeds as nutritional resources for soil Ascomycota and characterization of specific associations between plant and fungal species SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE weed seed bank; seeds; fungi; seed decay; seed-microbe association ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; VELVETLEAF SEED; 18S RDNA; DIVERSITY; MICROORGANISMS; PERSISTENCE; ECOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Current interest in biological-based management of weed seed banks in agriculture furthers the need to understand how microorganisms affect seed fate in soil. Many annual weeds produce seeds in high abundance; their dispersal presenting ready opportunity for interactions with soil-borne microorganisms. In this study, we investigated seeds of four common broadleaf weeds, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum), and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), for potential as sources of carbon nutrition for soil fungi. Seeds, as the major source of carbon in an agar matrix, were exposed to microbial populations derived from four different soils for 2 months. Most seeds were heavily colonized, and the predominant 18S rRNA gene sequences cloned from these assemblages were primarily affiliated with Ascomycota. Further, certain fungi corresponded to weed species, regardless of soil population. Relatives of Chaetomium globosum (98-99% sequence identity) and Cordyceps sinensis (99%) were found to be associated with seeds of woolly cupgrass and Pennsylvania smartweed, respectively. More diverse fungi were associated with velvetleaf seeds, which were highly susceptible to decay. The velvetleaf seed associations were dominated by relatives of Cephaliophora tropica (98-99%). In contrast to the other species, only few giant ragweed seeds were heavily colonized, but those that were colonized resulted in seed decay. The results showed that seeds could provide significant nutritional resources for saprophytic microbes, given the extant populations can overcome intrinsic seed defenses against microbial antagonism. Further, weed species-specific associations may occur with certain fungi, with nutritional benefits conferred to microorganisms that may not always result in seed biodeterioration. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chee-Sanford, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cheesanf@uiuc.edu NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAY PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0259-x PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 298IF UT WOS:000255680700009 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Moreau, RA Parsons, C Lane, JD Singh, V AF Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan Moreau, Robert A. Parsons, Carl Lane, John D. Singh, Vijay TI Separation of fiber from distillers dried grains (DDG) using sieving and elutriation SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE elusieve; air classification; Zea mays ID SOLUBLES AB In the dry-grind corn-to-ethanol process, distillers wet grains (DWG) and syrup are blended and dried to produce distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Some dry-grind plants produce distillers dried grains (DDG) as a coproduct instead of DDGS. In these plants, syrup is not mixed with DWG and is sold as a liquid food ingredient or used for energy generation by combustion. We showed recently that, the elusieve process, the combination of sieving and elutriation (upward air flow), was effective in separating fiber from DDGS. The elusieve process could be beneficial in separating fiber from DDG also. In this study, fiber separation from DDG using the elusieve process was evaluated. Elutriation of sieve categories increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the lighter fractions and NDF separation factors were more than 1.0. When DDG is separated via the elusieve process, 11.9% would be obtained as elusieve fiber and 88.1% would be obtained as enhanced DDG. Original DDG had NDF of 36.7% (db), while enhanced DDG would have NDF of 35.3% (db) and elusieve fiber would have NDF of 57.3% (db). Thus, elusieve process produces value-added products from both DDG and DDGS. A detailed economic analysis is needed to ascertain the merits of implementing the elusieve process in a dry-grind plant producing DDG instead of DDGS. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan; Parsons, Carl; Lane, John D.; Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moreau, Robert A.] USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Box 9632, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM radha@abe.msstate.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 468 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.10.013 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 312FQ UT WOS:000256654900010 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Adeli, A McGowen, SL Tewolde, H Brink, GE AF Sistani, K. R. Adeli, A. McGowen, S. L. Tewolde, H. Brink, G. E. TI Laboratory and field evaluation of broiler litter nitrogen mineralization SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; broiler litter; poultry manure; mineralization ID MANURE NITROGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; DIFFERENT TEXTURE; N MINERALIZATION; SHEEP MANURE; SOIL TYPE; CARBON; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB Two studies were conducted for this research. First, a laboratory incubation to quantify broiler litter N mineralization with the following treatments: two soil moisture regimes, constant at 60% water fill pore space (WFPS) and fluctuating (60-30% WFPS), three soil types, Brooksville silty clay loam, Ruston sandy loam from Mississippi, and Catlin silt loam from Illinois. Second, a field incubation study to quantify broiler litter N mineralization using similar soils and litter application rates as the laboratory incubation. Broiler litter was applied at an equivalent rate of 350 kg total N ha(-1) for both studies except for control treatments. Subsamples were taken at different timing for both experiments for NO3-N and NH4-N determinations. In the laboratory experiment, soil moisture regimes had no significant impact on litter-derived inorganic N. Total litter-derived inorganic N across all treatments increased from 23 mg kg(-1) at time 0, to 159 mg kg(-1) at 93 d after litter application. Significant differences were observed among the soil types. Net litter-derived inorganic N was greater for Brooksville followed by Ruston and Catlin soils. For both studies and all soils, NH4-N content decreased while NO3-N content increased indicating a rapid nitrification of the mineralized litter N. Litter mineralization in the field study followed the same trend as the laboratory study but resulted in much lower net inorganic N, presumably due to environmental conditions such as precipitation and temperature, which may have resulted in more denitrification and immobilization of mineralized litter N. Litter-derived inorganic N from the field study was greater for Ruston than Brooksville. Due to no impact by soil moisture regimes, additional studies are warranted in order to develop predictive relationships to quantify broiler litter N availability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sistani, K. R.; Adeli, A.; McGowen, S. L.; Tewolde, H.; Brink, G. E.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM ksistani@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 99 IS 7 BP 2603 EP 2611 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.069 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 272HI UT WOS:000253850100070 PM 17604161 ER PT J AU Levinson, WE Kuo, TM Knothe, G AF Levinson, William E. Kuo, Tsung Min Knothe, Gerhard TI Characterization of fatty amides produced by lipase-catalyzed amidation of multi-hydroxylated fatty acids SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multi-hydroxy fatty acids; multi-hydroxy fatty amides; lipase-catalyzed amidation; structural analysis; transformation ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; RICINOLEIC ACID; CONVERSION; COMPOUND AB Novel multi-hydroxylated primary fatty amides produced by direct amidation of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid were characterized by GC-MS and NMR. The amidation reactions were catalyzed by immobilized Pseudozyma (Candida) antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in organic solvent with ammonium carbamate. The mass spectra of the underivatized products exhibited characteristic primary amide peaks at m/z 59 and m/z 72 that differed in peak intensities. Other peaks present were consistent with cleavage next to the hydroxyl groups. The mass spectra of the silylated amidation products showed the correct molecular weight and the typical fragmentation pattern of silylated hydroxy compounds. The mass spectra, together with proton and 13 C NMR data, suggest that the products of lipase-catalyzed direct amidation of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid are, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenamide and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenamide acid, respectively. Amidation of multi-hydroxylated fatty acids had increased the melting point, but reduced the surface active property of the resulting primary amides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Levinson, William E.; Kuo, Tsung Min] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Knothe, Gerhard] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM TsungMin.Kuo@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 99 IS 7 BP 2706 EP 2709 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.058 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 272HI UT WOS:000253850100084 PM 17582762 ER PT J AU Doolittle, M Raina, A Lax, A Boopathy, R AF Doolittle, Mark Raina, Ashok Lax, Alan Boopathy, Raj TI Presence of nitrogen fixing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut of the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formosan subterranean termite (FST); Klebsiella; nitrogen fixer; acetogenesis; anaerobes ID WOOD-FEEDING TERMITE; RETICULITERMES-SPERATUS; SP-NOV; HINDGUT; BACTERIA; FIXATION; DIVERSITY AB A gram-negative facultative anaerobic enteric bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the hindgut of the Formosan subterranean termite (FST). It was characterized using, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, BIOLOG assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and biochemical studies. The role of this isolate seems to be nitrogen fixation because the termite's diet is nitrogen deficient and the isolate produced significant amounts of ammonia when it was grown on nitrogen deficient medium under anaerobic condition with nitrogen gas in the headspace. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Doolittle, Mark; Boopathy, Raj] Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. [Raina, Ashok; Lax, Alan] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Boopathy, R (reprint author), Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. EM ramaraj.boopathy@nicholls.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 99 IS 8 BP 3297 EP 3300 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.013 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 275LF UT WOS:000254072200077 PM 17709245 ER PT J AU Belknap, WR Rockhold, DR McCue, KF AF Belknap, William R. Rockhold, David R. McCue, Kent F. TI pBINPLUS/ARS: an improved plant transformation vector based on pBINPLUS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; POTATO; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER AB Binary Infant transformation vectors are widely used for introduction of transgenes into plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We report the construction of a binary plant vector pBINPLUS/ARS based on the pBINPLUS vector Improvements introduced into pBINPLUS/ARS include the use of nonproprietary (ubiquitin-3 gene of Solanum tuberosum) promoter and terminator sequences for transcription of the NptII selectable marker and introduction of rare 8-bp restriction enzyme sites flanking both the NptII coding sequence (Pmel) and the entire selectable marker gene (Fsel). This vector offers all of the advantages of its predecessor pBINPLUS and its helper plasmid pUCAP, which use the proprietary, nonpaline synthase promoter and terminator, while allowing for facile modification of selectable marker sequences in complex binary vector constructs. pBINPLUS/ARS has been used to introduce transgenes into potato and other crop species and is available to all researchers in academic, government, and industrial laboratories for proof-of-principle and commercial applications. C1 [Belknap, William R.; Rockhold, David R.; McCue, Kent F.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCue, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kent.mccue@ars.usda.gov RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009; McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009 FU Agricultural Research Service National Programs [5325-21420-001-00D] FX The authors acknowledge funding by the Agricultural Research Service National Programs [Current Research Information System (CRIS) Project no. 5325-21420-001-00D]. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 753 EP + DI 10.2144/000112731 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 411GQ UT WOS:000263637700009 PM 18476828 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, N Hughes, RF Cordell, S Hart, P Chang, HK Perez, D Like, RK Ostertag, R AF Zimmerman, Naupaka Hughes, R. Flint Cordell, Susan Hart, Patrick Chang, Heather Kalei Perez, David Like, Ryan Kaipoalohaakala Ostertag, Rebecca TI Patterns of primary succession of native and introduced plants in lowland wet forests in eastern Hawai'i SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE ecosystem development; invasive species; Melastoma candidum; Metrosideros polymorpha; Psidium cattleianum ID RAIN-FOREST; LAVA FLOWS; MAUNA-LOA; INVASION; NITROGEN; CHRONOSEQUENCE; ISLANDS; MATRIX AB The majority of Hawaii's lowland wet forests no longer exist, with many of the last remaining patches found on the eastern, windward sides of the largest islands. To better understand successional patterns and invasion in these native systems, we quantified basal area (BA) and densities of woody species and understory cover at nine sites in the Puna district on the Island of Hawai'i, representing age gradients of native stand development on both 'a'a and pahoehoe lava flows. On both flow types, BA of native species increased (from 5 to 50 m(2)/ha) and stem densities decreased (from 3700 to 2600 stems/ha) with increasing stand/flow age. Both native and introduced species compositions diverged between substrate types on older flows. We found that lowland wet native forests remain at least partially intact in several locations, but their functional and compositional integrity is increasingly compromised by invasion of normative species, such as Tsidium cattleianum and Melastoma candidum, which become more common at sites greater than 300-yr old. This time period may represent a threshold, after which abiotic environmental conditions no longer constrain recruitment of introduced species. On older flows, normative stem densities swamped those of native species by an order of magnitude, with normative stems (height > 1.3 m) achieving densities as high as 18,000 stems/ha. In addition, all stands lacked recruitment of native woody species in the understory, suggesting that without management, the native components of these forests may soon no longer be self-sustaining. C1 [Zimmerman, Naupaka; Hughes, R. Flint; Cordell, Susan; Perez, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, PSW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Hart, Patrick; Chang, Heather Kalei; Like, Ryan Kaipoalohaakala; Ostertag, Rebecca] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Zimmerman, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, PSW Res Stn, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM naupaka@post.harvard.edu RI Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013; Zimmerman, Naupaka/N-9128-2015 OI Zimmerman, Naupaka/0000-0003-2168-6390 NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00371.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302RI UT WOS:000255986600003 ER PT J AU Zalamea, M Gonzalez, G AF Zalamea, Marcela Gonzalez, Grizelle TI Leaffall phenology in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: From species to community patterns SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE climate seasonality; lianas; litterfall; Luquillo Experimental Forest; solar radiation; subtropical wet forest; weakly seasonal forests ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; LITTER DYNAMICS; HURRICANE HUGO; GLOBAL CHANGE; DRY FORESTS; COSTA-RICA AB Leaffall phenology is an important periodical event in forests, contributing to mobilization of organic matter from primary producers to soil. For seasonal forests, leaffall periodicity has been related to rainfall regime and dry season length. In weakly seasonal forests, where there is no marked dry season, other climatic factors could trigger leafshed. In this study, we aimed to determine if other climatic variables (wind speed, solar radiation, photosynthetic photon flux density [PPFD], day length, temperature, and relative humidity) could be better correlated with patterns of litter and leaffall in a weakly seasonal subtropical wet forest in,Puerto Rico. Leaffall patterns were correlated mainly with solar radiation, PPFD, day length, and temperature; and secondarily with rainfall. Two main peaks of leaffall were observed: April-June and August-September, coinciding with the periods of major solar radiation at this latitude. Community leaffall patterns were the result of overlapping peaks of individual species. Of the 32 species analyzed, 21 showed phenological patterns, either unimodal (16 species), bimodal (three species), or multimodal (two species). Lianas also presented leaffall seasonality suggesting that they are subject to the same constraints and triggering factors affecting trees. In addition to solar radiation as a main determinant of leaffall timing in tropical forests, our findings highlight the importance of interannual variation and asynchrony, suggesting that leaffall is the result of a complex interaction between environmental and physiological factors. C1 [Zalamea, Marcela] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Zalamea, M (reprint author), Tom Kristensens Vej 26,5 Tv, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. EM m_zalamea@yahoo.com OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00389.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302RI UT WOS:000255986600005 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Kauffman, JB AF Litton, Creighton M. Kauffman, J. Boone TI Allometric models for predicting aboveground biomass in two widespread woody plants in Hawaii SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE allometry; Dodonaea viscosa; generalized allometric models; Hawaii Volcanoes National Park; Metrosideros polymorpha; nonlinear regression ID RAIN-FOREST SUCCESSION; TROPICAL FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CARBON POOLS; DRY FOREST; DIAMETER; HEIGHT; EQUATIONS AB Allometric models are important for quantifying biomass and carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Generalized allometry exists for tropical trees, but species- and site-specific models are more accurate. We developed species-specific models to predict aboveground biomass in two of the most ubiquitous natives in Hawaiian forests and shrublands, Metrosideros polymorpha and Dodonaea viscosa. The utility of the M. polymorpha allometry for predicting biomass across a range of sites was explored by comparing size structure (diameter at breast height vs. tree height) of the trees used to develop the models against trees from four M. polymorpha-dominated forests along a precipitation gradient (1630-2380 mm). We also compared individual tree biomass estimated with the M. polymorpha model against existing generalized equations, and the D. viscosa model with an existing species-specific model. Our models were highly significant and displayed minimal bias. Metrosideros polymorpha size structures from the three highest precipitation sites fell well within the 95% confidence intervals for the harvested trees, indicating that the models are applicable at these sites. However, size structure in the area with the lowest precipitation differed from those in the higher rainfall sites, emphasizing that care should be taken in applying the models too widely. Existing generalized allometry differed from the M. polymorpha model by up to 88 percent, particularly at the extremes of the data range examined, underestimating biomass in small trees and overestimating in large trees. The existing D. viscosa model underestimated biomass across all sizes by a mean of 43 percent compared to our model. The species-specific models presented here should enable more accurate estimates of biomass and carbon sequestration in Hawaiian forests and shrublands. C1 [Litton, Creighton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM litton@hawaii.edu NR 33 TC 43 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00383.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302RI UT WOS:000255986600007 ER PT J AU Gelineau-Van, WJ Maddox, J Wilberding, J Voss, K Riley, R AF Gelineau-Van, Waes J. Maddox, J. Wilberding, J. Voss, K. Riley, R. TI Placental and neural tube defects after maternal fumonisin or FTY720 exposure: Role of bioactive sphingolipids SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gelineau-Van, Waes J.; Maddox, J.; Wilberding, J.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Voss, K.; Riley, R.] ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000045 ER PT J AU Cheema, B Gaul, CA Lane, K Singh, MAF AF Cheema, Bobby Gaul, Catherine A. Lane, Kirstin Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Progressive resistance training in breast cancer: a systematic review of clinical trials SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Review DE women; upper body; exercise; quality of life; lymphedema ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; EXERCISE; SURVIVORS; LYMPHEDEMA; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; INSTRUMENT; RECOMMENDATIONS; VALIDATION AB Background Progressive resistance training (PRT) may be effective for targeting the sequelae of breast cancer and its treatment given the unique anabolic nature of this exercise modality. Therefore, our objectives were: (1) to systematically review studies that have prescribed PRT after breast cancer surgery, (2) to summarize the efficacy of PRT in this cohort, and (3) to delineate areas for future investigations. Method A systematic review using computerized databases was performed. Results The systematic review located 10 trials: Four uncontrolled trials, one controlled trial and five randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PRT was prescribed with aerobic training in 8/10 trials reviewed, and in isolation in 2/10 trials reviewed. Upper body PRT was prescribed in 7/10 trials, including 4/5 RCTs. No exacerbation of objectively measured or subjectively reported lymphedema symptoms was reported in any of these trials. Adverse events were rare, generally musculoskeletal in nature, and were managed effectively by conservative means. Overall, the studies we reviewed suggest that women surgically treated for breast cancer can derive health-related and clinical benefits by performing PRT after breast cancer surgery. Further research may be required to stimulate greater advocacy for PRT among oncologists, and in community care settings. Conclusions Robustly designed RCTs prescribing targeted PRT regimens throughout various phases of breast cancer treatment are warranted. RCTs with thorough, standardized reporting of interventions and adverse events are required to establish the efficacy of this intervention for the post-treatment management of breast cancer patients and survivors as a means to improve health status and quality of life. C1 [Cheema, Bobby] Massey Univ, Inst Food Nut & Human Hlth, Te Kura Hangarua o Kai Oranga a Tangata, Wellington, New Zealand. [Gaul, Catherine A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Phys Educ, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Lane, Kirstin] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Cheema, B (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Food Nut & Human Hlth, Te Kura Hangarua o Kai Oranga a Tangata, Wellington Campus,Private Bag 756, Wellington, New Zealand. EM B.Cheema@massey.ac.nz NR 52 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1 BP 9 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10549-007-9638-0 PG 18 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 289BW UT WOS:000255031000002 PM 17624588 ER PT J AU Ratti, CM Higo, HA Griswold, TL Winston, ML AF Ratti, Claudia M. Higo, Heather A. Griswold, Terry L. Winston, Mark L. TI Bumble bees influence berry size in commercial Vaccinium spp. cultivation in British Columbia SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY; HONEY-BEE; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; MACROCARPON ERICACEAE; POLLINATION; HYMENOPTERA; CRANBERRY; POLLEN; APIDAE; CORYMBOSUM AB We studied the abundance, diversity, and dispersion patterns of managed and wild bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) populations in commercial highbush blueberry and cranberry (Ericaceae: Vaccinium corymbosum L., Vaccinium macrocarpon Air.) fields in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, and assessed their potential as pollinators of these crops by determining which groups of bees had the greatest impact on percent yield and mass of berries. Bumble bees were evenly distributed within both crops. Other wild bee species were well distributed in blueberry fields but generally remained at edges of cranberry fields. Percent berry yield was not related to bee abundance for any group of bees, nor was species diversity correlated with berry mass. Blueberry mass and cranberry mass were related to abundance of bumble bees but not to that of honey bees or other wild bees. Bumble bees are recommended as potential alternative pollinators of these crops. C1 [Ratti, Claudia M.; Higo, Heather A.; Winston, Mark L.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ratti, CM (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM cratti@alunmi.sfu.ca NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 140 IS 3 BP 348 EP 363 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 313IN UT WOS:000256734400009 ER PT J AU Gillette, NE Vetter, RS Mori, SR Rudolph, CR Welty, DR AF Gillette, Nancy E. Vetter, Richard S. Mori, Sylvia R. Rudolph, Carline R. Welty, Dessa R. TI Response of ground-dwelling spider assemblages to prescribed fire following stand structure manipulation in the southern Cascade Range SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; PITFALL TRAP; BIODIVERSITY; ARANEAE; COMMUNITY; PINE; INVERTEBRATES AB We assessed spider (Arachnida: Araneae) responses to prescribed fire following stand structure treatments in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) stands in the Cascade Range of California. Stands were logged or left untreated to create three levels of structural diversity. We logged one treatment to minimize old-growth characteristics (low diversity) and one to enhance old-growth characteristics (high diversity) and we used unlogged Research Natural Areas (RNAs) as old-growth, highest-diversity reference stands. We conducted low-intensity prescribed fire on half of each plot following harvest. Spider assemblages in unburned, logged stands were similar to one another but diverged from those in RNAs, with increased abundance, species richness, and diversity in more structurally diverse stands. Prescribed fire, which altered habitat in the organic soil layer where many spiders forage, resulted in altered spider assemblages and population declines in most plots. Fire generally reduced spider species richness, evenness, and diversity. Several taxa were potential indicators of fire and old-growth structure, and we discovered one species and one genus that were previously unknown. There was evidence that old-growth characteristics intensified the effects of fire on spider abundance. This outcome probably results from the deep litter layers in high-diversity stands and RNAs, which constituted greater fuel loads than low-diversity stands. C1 [Gillette, Nancy E.; Mori, Sylvia R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Vetter, Richard S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rudolph, Carline R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Welty, Dessa R.] USDA Forest Serv Placerville Nursery, Camino, CA 95709 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 969 EP 980 DI 10.1139/X07-245 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400008 ER PT J AU Powers, RF AF Powers, Robert F. TI Ecological studies in interior Ponderosa Pine - First findings from Blacks Mountain interdisciplinary research - Preface SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powers, RF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP V EP VI DI 10.1139/X08-903 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Ritchie, MW Oliver, WW AF Zhang, Jianwei Ritchie, Martin W. Oliver, William W. TI Vegetation responses to stand structure and prescribed fire in an interior ponderosa pine ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SIERRA-NEVADA; NATIONAL-PARK; GROWTH; OREGON; DENSITY; USA; RESTORATION; MORTALITY AB A large-scale interior ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) study was conducted at the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest in northeastern California. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the influence of structural diversity on the dynamics of interior pine forests at the landscape scale. High structural diversity (HiD) and low structural diversity (LoD) treatments were created with mechanical thinning on 12 main plots. Each plot was then split in half with one-half treated with prescribed fire. During the 5 year period after the treatments, the LoD treatments showed slightly higher periodic annual increments for basal area (BA) and significantly higher diameter increments than did the HiD treatments, although HiD carried twice as much BA as LoD did immediately after the treatments. Prescribed fire did not affect growth, but killed and (or) weakened some trees. No interaction between treatments was found for any variable. Stand density was reduced from the stands before treatments, but species composition did not change. Old dominant trees still grew and large snags were stable during the 5 year period. Treatments had minor impacts on shrub cover and numbers. These results suggest that ponderosa pine forest can be silviculturally treated to improve stand growth and health without sacrificing understory shrub diversity. C1 [Zhang, Jianwei; Ritchie, Martin W.; Oliver, William W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1139/X07-230 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400002 ER PT J AU Ritchie, MW Wing, BM Hamilton, TA AF Ritchie, Martin W. Wing, Brian M. Hamilton, Todd A. TI Stability of the large tree component in treated and untreated late-seral interior ponderosa pine stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FORESTS AB The maximum temperatures of thermocouples, temperature-sensitive paints, and calorimeters exposed to flames in wildland fires are often called "fire temperatures" but are determined as much by the properties and deployment of the measurement devices as by the fires themselves. Rather than report device temperatures that are not generally comparable among studies, we show that maximum and time-integrated temperatures of relatively thick (4.8amm diameter) type-K thermocouple probes (TCPs) can be calibrated to estimate fuel consumption and fire line intensity in surface fires. Although reporting standard fire characteristics is an improvement over reporting device temperatures, TCPs are not ideal instruments for monitoring surface fires, because they provide only point estimates of fire behavior and must be calibrated for different fire environments, TCP characteristics, and deployments. To illustrate how TCPs respond to fires and to point the way towards a more general calibration method, we report results from a numerical model that accurately simulated TCP response to a spreading surface fire. C1 [Ritchie, Martin W.; Wing, Brian M.; Hamilton, Todd A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Ritchie, MW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mritchie@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1139/X07-242 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400003 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Borys, RR McKelvey, SR Dabney, CP AF Fettig, Christopher J. Borys, Robert R. McKelvey, Stephen R. Dabney, Christopher P. TI Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest: bark beetle responses to differences in forest structure and the application of prescribed fire in interior ponderosa pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; STAIN ROOT DISEASE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; HYLASTES-NIGRINUS; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL AREA AB Mechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used tools in the restoration of fire-adapted forest ecosystems. However, few studies have explored their effects on subsequent amounts of bark beetle caused tree mortality in interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. var. ponderosa. In this study, we examined bark beetle responses to creation of midseral (low diversity) and late-seral stages (high diversity) and the application of prescribed fire on 12 experimental units ranging in size from 76 to 136 ha. A total of 9500 (5.0% of all trees) Pinus and Abies trees died 2 years after treatment of which 28.8% (2733 trees) was attributed to bark beetle colonization. No significant difference in the mean percentage of trees colonized by bark beetles was found between low diversity and high diversity. The application of prescribed fire resulted in significant increases in bark beetle caused tree mortality (all species) and for western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Ips spp., and fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, individually. Approximately 85.6% (2339 trees) of all bark beetle caused tree mortality occurred on burned split plots. The implications of these and other results to sustainable forest management are discussed. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; Borys, Robert R.; McKelvey, Stephen R.; Dabney, Christopher P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 924 EP 935 DI 10.1139/X07-243 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400004 ER PT J AU Maguire, CC Maguire, DA Manning, TE Garber, SM Ritchie, MW AF Maguire, Chris C. Maguire, Douglas A. Manning, Tom E. Garber, Sean M. Ritchie, Martin W. TI Response of small mammals to alternative stand structures in the mixed-conifer forest of northeastern California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; GREEN-TREE RETENTION; PONDEROSA PINE; ANTELOPE BITTERBRUSH; VARYING LEVELS; SIERRA-NEVADA; YOUNG; CHIPMUNKS; OREGON; COMMUNITIES AB A common, but largely untested, strategy for maintaining forest biodiversity is to enhance stand structural complexity. A silvicultural experiment was implemented from 1996 to 1998 at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest, California, to test the efficacy of two levels of structural diversity (high versus low) and two levels of prescribed underburning (burn versus no burn) for maintaining or restoring biodiversity. Small mammals were trapped and tagged in experimental units for 2 noncontiguous weeks in fall 2003 and 2004. Total number of captures and number of captured individuals varied by year (P < 0.002). No treatment effects were detected for all species lumped together or for the three most frequent species analyzed separately (Tamias amoenus J.A. Allen, 1890, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845), and Spermophilus lateralis (Say, 1823)), with the exception that T. amoenus was captured more often in burned units in 2004 (P = 0.004 for year x burn interaction). Mixed-effects regression models indicated that the number of captures and captured individuals of T. amoenus and P. maniculatus decreased with increasing residual basal area of overstory trees, but opposite results were obtained for S. lateralis. After accounting for residual stand density differences, T. amoenus was captured more frequently in units of low structural diversity and S. lateralis in units of high structural diversity. C1 [Maguire, Douglas A.; Manning, Tom E.; Garber, Sean M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Maguire, Chris C.] Oregon Dept Transport, Geoenvironm Sect, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Ritchie, Martin W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Maguire, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM doug.maguire@oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 943 EP 955 DI 10.1139/X07-239 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400006 ER PT J AU Camann, MA Gillette, NE Lamoncha, KL Mori, SR AF Camann, Michael A. Gillette, Nancy E. Lamoncha, Karen L. Mori, Sylvia R. TI Response of forest soil Acari to prescribed fire following stand structure manipulation in the southern Cascade Range SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MITE DIVERSITY; FUNGAL BIOMASS; MICROARTHROPODS; LITTER; PINE; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; CRYPTOSTIGMATA; MINERALIZATION; DECOMPOSITION AB We studied responses of Acari, especially oribatid mites, to prescribed low-intensity fire in an east side pine site in the southern Cascade Range in California. We compared oribatid population and assemblage responses to prescribed fire in stands that had been selectively logged to enhance old growth characteristics, in logged stands to minimize old growth characteristics, and in undisturbed forest reference stands. Low-intensity prescribed fire altered habitat characteristics within the organic layer of forest soil. Acarine populations declined following prescribed fire, and oribatid losses accounted for two thirds of that decline. Individual oribatid species responded differently to prescribed fire, with a few populations increasing after fire but most declining. The prescribed fire also altered oribatid assemblages, reducing species richness and species diversity and modifying assemblage dominance relationships. We also identified several oribatid taxa that were potential indicator species of fire effects upon forest soil fauna. Finally, our results suggested that oribatid responses to fire were intensified by stand alteration and especially by removal of old growth structural characteristics. Decline in oribatid abundance, species richness and diversity, and loss of equilibrium dominance relationships was greatest in the low structural diversity plots. C1 [Gillette, Nancy E.; Mori, Sylvia R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Camann, Michael A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Lamoncha, Karen L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 956 EP 968 DI 10.1139/X07-241 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400007 ER PT J AU Bova, AS Dickinson, MB AF Bova, Anthony S. Dickinson, Matthew B. TI Beyond "fire temperatures'': calibrating thermocouple probes and modeling their response to surface fires in hardwood fuels SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; LINE FIRES; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; COMBUSTION; DYNAMICS; SPREAD; WIND AB The maximum temperatures of thermocouples, temperature-sensitive paints, and calorimeters exposed to flames in wildland fires are often called "fire temperatures'' but are determined as much by the properties and deployment of the measurement devices as by the fires themselves. Rather than report device temperatures that are not generally comparable among studies, we show that maximum and time-integrated temperatures of relatively thick (4.8 mm diameter) type-K thermocouple probes (TCPs) can be calibrated to estimate fuel consumption and fire line intensity in surface fires. Although reporting standard fire characteristics is an improvement over reporting device temperatures, TCPs are not ideal instruments for monitoring surface fires, because they provide only point estimates of fire behavior and must be calibrated for different fire environments, TCP characteristics, and deployments. To illustrate how TCPs respond to fires and to point the way towards a more general calibration method, we report results from a numerical model that accurately simulated TCP response to a spreading surface fire. C1 [Bova, Anthony S.; Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Bova, AS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM abova@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1008 EP 1020 DI 10.1139/X07-204 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400011 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Kanaskie, A Prospero, S McWilliams, M Goheen, EM Osterbauer, N Reeser, P Sutton, W AF Hansen, E. M. Kanaskie, A. Prospero, S. McWilliams, M. Goheen, E. M. Osterbauer, N. Reeser, P. Sutton, W. TI Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tanoak forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PLANT-DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; PATHOGEN; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; SPORULATION; MANAGEMENT AB We followed the local intensification and dispersal of Phytophthora ramorum Werres, De Cock, & Man In't Veld in Oregon tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook & Arn.) Rehd.) forests from its initial detection in 2001 through 2006, coincident with a continuing eradication effort. The initial infested area included nine scattered sites below 400am elevation, close to the Pacific Ocean near Brookings, Oregon. In subsequent years, one-half of new infections were within 122am of a previous infection, and 79% of the newly detected trees occurred within 300am of a previously identified tree. Dispersal up to 4akm was occasionally recorded. Initial infection occurred in the upper crowns of tanoak trees. The pathogen was recovered in rainwater collected beneath diseased tanoak trees in every month from November 2006 through October 2007. Twenty-four multilocus microsatellite genotypes were identified among 272 P. ramorum isolates collected from Curry County. Genotypic analysis provided independent estimates of time of origin of the Oregon infestation, its clustered distribution, and dispersal distances. In all sampling years, 60%-71% of the isolates belonged to the same multilocus genotype. In 2001, 12 genotypes were detected and new genotypes were identified in each of the subsequent years, but all isolates belonged to the same clonal lineage. Knowledge of local intensification of the disease and long-distance dispersal should inform both Oregon eradication efforts and national quarantine regulations. C1 [Hansen, E. M.; Prospero, S.; Reeser, P.; Sutton, W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kanaskie, A.; McWilliams, M.] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Goheen, E. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. [Osterbauer, N.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97310 USA. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hansene@science.oregonstate.edu NR 34 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1143 DI 10.1139/X07-217 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400022 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, TF Long, RP Ford, RD Sutherland, EK AF Hutchinson, Todd F. Long, Robert P. Ford, Robert D. Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy TI Fire history and the establishment of oaks and maples in second-growth forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROWTH WHITE OAK; MIXED-OAK; BOSTON MOUNTAINS; USA; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS; FREQUENCY; ARKANSAS; REGENERATION AB We used dendrochronology to examine the influence of past fires on oak and maple establishment. Six study units were located in southern Ohio, where organized fire control began in 1923. After stand thinning in 2000, we collected basal cross sections from cut stumps of oak (n = 137) and maple (n = 204). The fire history of each unit was developed from the oaks, and both oak and maple establishment were examined in relation to fire history. Twenty-six fires were documented from 1870 to 1933; thereafter, only two fires were identified. Weibull median fire-return intervals ranged from 9.1 to 11.3 years for the period ending 1935; mean fire occurrence probabilities (years/fires) for the same period ranged from 11.6 to 30.7 years. Among units, stand initiation began ca. 1845 to 1900, and virtually no oak recruitment was recorded after 1925. Most maples established after the cessation of fires. In several units, the last significant fire was followed immediately by a large pulse of maple establishment and the cessation of oak recruitment, indicating a direct relationship between fire cessation and a shift from oak to maple establishment. C1 [Hutchinson, Todd F.; Long, Robert P.; Ford, Robert D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hutchinson, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM thutchinson@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1198 DI 10.1139/X07-216 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400025 ER PT J AU Suring, LH Goldstein, MI Howell, SM Nations, CS AF Suring, Lowell H. Goldstein, Michael I. Howell, Susan M. Nations, Christopher S. TI Response of the cover of berry-producing species to ecological factors on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FOREST; SPRUCE; VEGETATION; AVAILABILITY; REPRODUCTION; DISTURBANCE; FRUGIVORY; ECOSYSTEM; SHRUBS AB Land managers on the Kenai Peninsula have responded to recent extensive infestations of forests by spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) and associated increased fire risk with a variety of management approaches. To provide additional ecological information upon which to base these management prescriptions, we evaluated the response of the cover of berry species to variations in landscape factors and environmental conditions, including crown closure. Data were sufficient to describe the response of cover of bunchberry dogwood (Cornus canadensis), black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), false toadflax (Geocaulon lividum), strawberryleaf raspberry (Rubus pedatus), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), and a combination of 24 other species through multinomial logistic regression. Crown closure and forest overstory type significantly influenced the cover of all berry species. Increasing crown closure had a negative effect on all berry species except strawberryleaf raspberry. Level of infestation by spruce beetles was significantly related to the cover of all species except lingonberry. Our findings indicate that spruce forests may be managed to enhance berry cover and that choice of management technique (e.g., timber harvest, prescribed fire) will likely result in different outcomes. C1 [Suring, Lowell H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Howell, Susan M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Nations, Christopher S.] Western EcoSyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Suring, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Aquat Sci Lab, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM lsuring@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1244 EP 1259 DI 10.1139/X07-229 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400029 ER PT J AU Lilleskov, EA Wargo, PM Vogt, KA Vogt, DJ AF Lilleskov, Erik A. Wargo, Philip M. Vogt, Kristiina A. Vogt, Daniel J. TI Mycorrhizal fungal community relationship to root nitrogen concentration over a regional atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient in the northeastern USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORWAY SPRUCE STAND; UNITED-STATES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; RED SPRUCE; SOIL; CHEMISTRY; FLOOR AB Increased nitrogen (N) input has been found to alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities over short deposition gradients and in fertilization experiments; however, its effects over larger spatial scales have not been determined. To address this gap, we reanalyzed data from a study originally designed to examine the effects of soil aluminum/calcium (Al/Ca) ratios on the vitality of red spruce fine roots over a regional acid and N deposition gradient in the northeastern USA. We used root N as an indicator of stand N availability and examined its relationship with the abundance of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. The dominant morphotypes changed in relative abundance as a function of stand N availability. As root N concentrations increased, Piloderma spp. - like, Cenococcum geophilum Fr., and other unidentified mycorrhizal morphotypes declined in abundance, while other smooth-mantled morphotypes increased. Root N concentration in the 1-2 mm diameter class was the best predictor of the abundance of multiple morphotypes. The morphotype responses were consistent with those found in experimental and small-scale studies, suggesting that N availability is altering ectomycorrhizal communities over broad spatial scales in this region. This finding provides an impetus to conduct a more detailed characterization of mycorrhizal community responses to N deposition across large-scale gradients. C1 [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wargo, Philip M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Vogt, Kristiina A.; Vogt, Daniel J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lilleskov, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM elilleskov@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1266 DI 10.1139/X07-211 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304PC UT WOS:000256120400030 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Wilkinson, JR AF Accinelli, Cesare Abbas, H. K. Zablotowicz, R. M. Wilkinson, J. R. TI Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin occurrence and expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in soil SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; aflatoxin degradation; Aspergillus flavus; gene expression; PCR; soil ecology ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FIELD APPLICATION; FUNGI; PCR; PARASITICUS; STRAIN; CORN; POPULATIONS; MYCOTOXIN; DIFFERENTIATION AB The carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by Aspergillus flavus is a major food safety concern in crops. However, information on AFB1 occurrence in soil and crop residue is scarce. A series of experiments investigated the occurrence of AFB1 in soil and corn residues and ascertained the ecology of A.aflavus in a Dundee silt loam soil. Samples of untilled soil (0-2 cm) and residues were collected in March 2007 from plots previously planted with a corn isoline containing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin gene or the parental non-Bt isoline. AFB1 levels were significantly different in various corn residues. The highest AFB1 levels were observed in cobs containing grain, with 145 and 275 ng center dot g(-1) in Bt and non-Bt, respectively (P >= F = 0.001). Aflatoxin levels averaged 3.3 and 9.6 ng center dot g(-1) in leaves and (or) stalks and cobs without grain, respectively. All soils had AFB1 ranging from 0.6 to 5.5 ng center dot g(-1) with similar levels in plots from Bt and non-Bt corn. Based on cultural methods, soil contained from log(10) 3.1 to 4.5 A. flavus cfu center dot g(-1) with about 60% of isolates producing aflatoxin. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that AFB1 is rapidly degraded in soil at 28 degrees C (half-lifea <= 5 days). The potential of the soil A. flavus to produce aflatoxins was confirmed by molecular methods. Transcription of 5 aflatoxin biosynthesis genes, including aflD, aflG, aflP, aflR, and aflS, were detected by reverse transcriptiona- polymerase chain reaction analysis in soil. Although AFB1 appears to be transient in soils, it is clear that AFB1 is produced in surface soil in the presence of corn residues, as indicated by A.aflavus cfu levels, AFB1 detection, and expression of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. C1 [Accinelli, Cesare] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Abbas, H. K.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zablotowicz, R. M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wilkinson, J. R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Accinelli, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM cesare.accinelli@unibo.it RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 44 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 5 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1139/W08-018 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 296PA UT WOS:000255557100005 PM 18449222 ER PT J AU Francl, KE Glenn, TC Castleberry, SB Ford, WM AF Francl, K. E. Glenn, T. C. Castleberry, S. B. Ford, W. M. TI Genetic relationships of meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) populations in central Appalachian wetlands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; COMPETITIVE INTERACTION; 2-SPECIES SYSTEM; COMMON VOLE; BANK VOLES; CONSERVATION; NEUTRALITY; DISPERSAL; INSIGHTS AB We sequenced and compared variation within a 375-base-pair segment of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 323 meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)) among 14 populations to determine the influence of past and present landscape connectivity among isolated wetlands in the central Appalachian Mountains. To best explain observed differences among sites, we used genetic and landscape-level (GIS) data to test a null hypothesis (no genetic differences) and three alternate explanations of significant variation owing to founder effects, effective population size, or isolation by distance. Sequencing results revealed 16 distinct haplotypes (1-8 haplotypes/site), with two present in samples from most wetlands, and half of the remaining haplotypes concentrated in specific geographic clusters. Our findings best support the explanation that founder effects have influenced current genetic patterns among sites. These founder effects are likely due to historical land-use activities such as exploitative logging (ca. 1880-1920; creating early successional habitats for voles) and subsequent forest regeneration over the past half century; they were also likely influenced by postglacial colonization patterns. Therefore, current genetic diversity in these populations seems to largely reflect the number and source of voles that successfully colonized these isolated wetlands during the window of opportunity immediately following extensive logging. C1 [Francl, K. E.] Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. [Glenn, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Glenn, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Castleberry, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ford, W. M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Parsons, WV 26282 USA. RP Francl, KE (reprint author), Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. EM kfrancl@radford.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 86 IS 5 BP 344 EP 355 DI 10.1139/Z07-140 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 311UT UT WOS:000256626600002 ER PT J AU Li, GX Lee, HJ Wang, Z Hu, H Liao, JD Watts, JC Combs, GF Lu, J AF Li, Guang-xun Lee, Hyo-Jeong Wang, Zhe Hu, Hongbo Liao, Joshua D. Watts, Jennifer C. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Lue, Junxuan TI Superior in vivo inhibitory efficacy of methylseleninic acid against human prostate cancer over selenomethionine or selenite SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; MAMMARY-CANCER; APOPTOSIS; CELLS; CHEMOPREVENTION; PREVENTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLITES; EXPRESSION; GROWTH AB Methylselenol has been implicated as an active anticancer selenium (Se) metabolite. However, its in vivo efficacy against prostate cancer (PCa) has yet to be established. Here, we evaluated the growth inhibitory effects of two presumed methylselenol precursors methylseleninic acid (MSeA) and Se-methylselenocysteine (MSeC) in comparison with selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenite in DU145 and PC-3 human PCa xenografts in athymic nude mice. Each Se was given by a daily single oral dose regimen starting the day after the subcutaneous inoculation of cancer cells. We analyzed serum, liver and tumor Se content to confirm supplementation status and apoptosis indices and tumor microvessel density for association with antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, we analyzed lymphocyte DNA integrity to detect genotoxic effect of Se treatments. The data show that MSeA and MSeC exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of DU145 xenograft growth and both were more potent than SeMet and selenite, in spite of less tumor Se retention than in the SeMet-treated mice. Selenite treatment increased DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes, whereas the other Se forms did not. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cleaved caspase-3 indices (apoptosis) from MSeC-treated tumors were higher than tumors from control mice or MSeA-treated mice, whereas the microvessel density index was lower in tumors from MSeA-treated mice. In the PC-3 xenograft model, only MSeA was growth inhibitory at a dose of 3 mg/kg body wt. In summary, our data demonstrated superior in vivo growth inhibitory efficacy of MSeA over SeMet and selenite, against two human PCa xenograft models without the genotoxic property of selenite. C1 [Li, Guang-xun; Lee, Hyo-Jeong; Wang, Zhe; Hu, Hongbo; Liao, Joshua D.; Lue, Junxuan] Univ Minnesota, Hormel Inst, Austin, MN 55912 USA. [Watts, Jennifer C.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Hormel Inst, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA. EM jlu@hi.umn.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA126880, CA95642] NR 30 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgn007 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 325GI UT WOS:000257576600020 PM 18310093 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Pitts, MJ Bettge, AD Pecka, K King, GE McCluskey, PJ AF Morris, Craig F. Pitts, Marvin J. Bettge, Arthur D. Pecka, Kameron King, Garrison E. McCluskey, Patrick J. TI Compressive strength of wheat endosperm: Analysis of endosperm bricks SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; PUROINDOLINE; FRIABILIN; STARCH AB The material properties of wheat grain endosperm are central to its processing and end-use quality. The preparation of geometrically-defined endosperm specimens free of bran, germ, and pigment strand can facilitate the objective study of endosperm material properties. This study was conducted to characterize the material properties of wheat endosperm from two soft, two hard, and one durum wheat varietal samples. Additionally, each varietal sample was sorted according to vitreous or mealy kernel type. Endosperm 'bricks' approximately 0.76 x 2.08 x 1.06 mm were prepared using an abrading (Kernel Sanders, KS) device. Bricks were tested in compression using a texture analyzer (TA.XTPlus). Stress-strain curves were used to calculate failure strain, failure stress, failure energy, and Young's modulus. Additionally, the effect of brick aging up to one month, and changes in moisture content (freeze drying, oven drying, and equilibration to approximate to 10.5-11% mc) were studied. Intrakernel variation was assessed by preparing two sibling bricks (one from each cheek) from individual kernels. Failure strain, stress, and energy all had relatively high model R-2 values (0.68, 0.79, and 0.75, respectively). The ANOVA model R-2 for Young's modulus was 0.46. All models indicated variety as a highly significant source of variation in brick material properties. The effect of vitreous versus mealy kernel type was not consistent across varietal samples. Brick age and moisture content did not significantly affect brick material properties. Analysis of sibling bricks indicated that the magnitude of intrakernel variation was similar to that observed for individual varietal lots of uniform vitreous or mealy kernel type. Overall, failure strain provided a ranking and mean separation most consistent with kernel texture market class. The results obtained in the present study, although similar to other published reports do not closely agree with them on the material properties of wheat endosperm. Similarly, published results of material properties often differ considerably. The source of these discrepancies are at present unknown, but in some circumstances they may relate to specimen orientation relative to the source kernel, as there was evidence for anisotropic behavior. A companion study compares the variation in kernel texture obtained with the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) with that obtained here using bricks. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Bettge, Arthur D.; Pecka, Kameron] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pitts, Marvin J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [King, Garrison E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McCluskey, Patrick J.] USDA GIPSA Fed Grain Inspect Serv, Kansas City, MO 64133 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-3-0351 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 311DH UT WOS:000256580000014 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Bettge, AD Pitts, MJ King, GE Pecka, K McCluskey, PJ AF Morris, Craig F. Bettge, Arthur D. Pitts, Marvin J. King, G. E. Pecka, Kameron McCluskey, Patrick J. TI Compressive strength of wheat endosperm: Comparison of endosperm bricks to the single kernel characterization system SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; GRAIN HARDNESS; BEHAVIOR; INDEX AB The three major classes of endosperm texture (grain hardness) of soft and hard common, and durum wheat represent and define one of the leading determinants of the milling and end-use quality of wheat. Although these three genetic classes are directly related to the Hardness locus and puroindoline gene function, much less is known about the kernel-to-kernel variation within pure varietal grain lots. Measurement of this variation is of considerable interest. The objective of this research was to compare kernel texture as determined by compression failure testing using endosperm bricks with results of whole-kernel hardness obtained with the Single Kernel Characterization System 4100 hardness index (SKCS HI). In general terms, the variation obtained with the SKCS HI was of similar magnitude to that obtained using failure strain and failure energy of endosperm brick compression. Objective comparisons included frequency distribution plots, normalized frequency distribution plots, ANOVA model R-2, and coefficients of variation. Results indicated that compression testing and SKCS HI similarly captured the main features of texture classes but also reflected notable differences in texture properties among and within soft, hard, and durum classes. Neither brick compression testing nor the SKCS HI may be reasonably expected to correctly classify all individual kernels as to genetic texture class. However, modest improvements in correct classification rate or, more importantly, better classification related to end-use quality may still be achievable. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Bettge, Arthur D.; Pecka, Kameron] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pitts, Marvin J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [King, G. E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McCluskey, Patrick J.] USDA GIPSA Fed Grain Inspect Serv, Kansas City, MO 64133 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-3-0359 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 311DH UT WOS:000256580000015 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS Manful, JT Coker, RD AF Himmelsbach, D. S. Manful, J. T. Coker, R. D. TI Changes in rice with variable temperature parboiling: Thermal and spectroscopic assessment SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM RAMAN; APPARENT AMYLOSE; STARCH GRANULES; MILLED RICE; MAS NMR; C-13; GELATINIZATION; PROTEIN AB Rapid visco analysis (RVA) and differential scannning calorimetry (DSC) provided overall assessments of the effects of variable temperature soaking at 30, 50, 70, and 90 degrees C and steaming at 4, 8, and 12 min. Calculation of the relative parboiling index (RPI) and percent gelatinization provided good metrics for determining the overall effects of partial parboiling. FP Raman and solid-state C-13 CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies provided insight to conformational changes in protein and starch of paddy rice under various parboiling conditions. RVA showed lower pasting curves and DSC showed lower Delta H with increased temperature and steaming times. A large decrease in viscosity occurred with only the 30-4 treatment as opposed to raw rice. This observation was consistent with FT-Raman results that indicated substantial conversion of the protein from a-helix to other conformations. DSC indicated incomplete gelatinization of starch, even with 90 degrees C soaking and 12 min of steaming. Solid-state C-13 CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy confirmed this result. However, it indicated the percent of V-h/amorphous plus the remaining crystalline starch in the 90-12 treatment was equal to the amorphous and partially-ordered starch in commercially parboiled rice. These results suggest that partial parboiling, 90 degrees C soaking, and more than 8 min of steaming (ideally 12 min) of paddy rice is sufficient to induce changes that inactivate enzymes and provide enough starch gelatinization to prevent kernel breakage. C1 [Himmelsbach, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Manful, J. T.] Food Res Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Coker, R. D.] Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. RP Himmelsbach, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Dave.Himmelsbach@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-3-0384 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 311DH UT WOS:000256580000019 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Rammer, DR Stone, DS AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Rammer, Douglas R. Stone, Donald S. TI Electrochemical corrosion testing of fasteners in extracts of treated wood SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon steel; galvanized coatings; wood extractives; alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ); polarisation resistance ID POLARIZATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; TAFEL SLOPES; CURVES; RATES AB A recent change in wood preservatives has highlighted the need for a rapid, quantitative test to measure the corrosion rates of metals in contact with treated wood that could be used to evaluate new fasteners or new wood preservatives. A new method was developed where polarisation resistance tests were conducted on fasteners exposed to a water extract of wood treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ). Good correlation was found between the corrosion rates using this new method and previous one year exposure data for carbon steel, hot-dip galvanized and electroplated galvanized fasteners. These data suggest that polarisation tests run in wood extract may be ail effective, rapid test method to evaluate new fasteners or wood preservatives. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stone, Donald S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1251 EP 1257 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2007.12.006 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 305NJ UT WOS:000256184800006 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Brummer, EC AF Casler, Michael D. Brummer, E. Charles TI Theoretical expected genetic gains for among-and-within-family selection methods in perennial forage crops SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; BAHIAGRASS POPULATIONS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; SEEDLING VIGOR; SPACED PLANTS; YIELD; ALFALFA AB Genetic gains in forage yield lag far behind the gains made in grain yield of cereal crops, partly because of the use of inefficient selection methods that make little use of additive genetic variance within half-sib or full-sib families. The objectives of this study were (i) to compute expected genetic gains for among-and-within-family (AWF) selection methods, (ii) to compare these selection methods to standard family and progeny-test selection methods, and (iii) to define the conditions under which AWF selection methods may be superior to progeny-test selection. Among-and-within-family selection is equal to or better than family selection under all circumstances provided the within-family selection criterion (X or Y) is heritable and has a positive genetic correlation with the desired trait (Y). Among-and-within-family selection is favored over progeny-test selection by (i) high heritability on an individual-plant basis (relative to heritability on a family-mean basis), (ii) within-family selection intensity >= among-family selection intensity, and (iii) possibly a shorter cycle time (for some species and some breeding programs). These conditions are more frequently achieved for half-sib mating systems due to the greater partitioning of additive genetic variance within families, but AWF selection can also be heavily favored in a full-sib mating system under conditions that are a bit more restrictive. C1 [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 45 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 890 EP 902 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.09.0499 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400005 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Hill, CB Hartman, GL Mian, MAR Diers, BW AF Kim, Ki-Seung Hill, Curtis B. Hartman, Glen L. Mian, M. A. Rouf Diers, Brian W. TI Discovery of soybean aphid biotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA; GERMPLASM; JACKSON AB The soybean aphid [Aphis glycines Matsumura. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] is an invasive insect pest of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] that was first reported in North America in There are currently no reports of soybean aphid biotype diversity and this information is needed before aphid resistance genes are deployed. The objective of this research was to test for aphid biotype variation. The response of two A. glycines isolates, one collected in Ohio and the other in Illinois, were compared by infesting eight soybean genotypes in nonchoice tests. The same genotypes also were tested with the Ohio isolate using a choice test. In the nonchoice test, there was a significant (P < 0.0001) effect of aphid isolate, genotype, and a significant aphid isolate by soybean genotype interaction for the number of aphids per plant 10 and 15 d after infestation. The responses of the eight genotypes to the Ohio isolate in the choice test were similar to their responses in nonchoice tests. PI 200538 and PI 567597C were resistant to both the Ohio and Illinois isolates and will be useful sources of resistance to both isolates. These tests confirm that there are at least two distinct biotypes of A. glycines in North America. C1 [Kim, Ki-Seung; Hill, Curtis B.; Hartman, Glen L.; Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@uiuc.edu NR 28 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0447 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400008 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Kang, MS AF Glaz, Barry Kang, Manjit S. TI Location contributions determined via GGE biplot analysis of multienvironment sugarcane genotype-performance trials SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; ENVIRONMENT; YIELD; SELECTION; NITROGEN; FLORIDA AB Selection for productive sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars in Florida has been more successful for organic than for sand soils. The objectives of this study were to assess the contributions of a sand-soil location to the final stage of multienvironment testing,of sugarcane genotypes in Florida, and to identify locations with organic soils that, if replaced with a sand-soil location, would be least likely to compromise superior cultivar selection for organic soils in Florida. Sixteen genotypes were harvested in two or three crop cycles from,2002 to 2005 at nine locations. Traits analyzed were cane and sucrose yields (Mg ha(-1)) and theoretical recoverable sucrose (TRS) (g kg(-1)). The sand-soil location, Lykes, was generally neither highly representative of locations nor highly discriminating of genotypes. Results revealed the desirability of replacing an organic-soil location with a sand-soil location in the final testing stage of this sugarcane breeding and selection program. Caution must be exercised, however, to ensure that such action would not compromise genotype discrimination for TRS and sucrose yield. Ability to identify productive cultivars on organic soils by the Florida sugarcane selection program would be least compromised by replacing either Osceola or Knight with a,sand-soil location. C1 [Glaz, Barry] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Kang, Manjit S.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov OI Kang, Manjit/0000-0001-5266-2290 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 941 EP 950 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0315 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400011 ER PT J AU Turuspekov, Y Beecher, B Darlington, Y Bowman, J Blake, TK Giroux, MJ AF Turuspekov, Y. Beecher, B. Darlington, Y. Bowman, J. Blake, T. K. Giroux, M. J. TI Hardness locus sequence variation and endosperm texture in spring barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; QUALITY VARIATION; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; KERNEL HARDNESS; HORDEUM-VULGARE; PUROINDOLINE-B; RFLP MARKERS; INHERITANCE; FRIABILIN; LINKAGE AB The Hardness (Ha) locus contains the Hina, Hinb-1, Hinb-2, and Gsp genes and was shown to be associated with grain hardness and dry matter digestibility (DMD) variation. In this study, 73 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions selected for DMD variation were assessed for variation in DMD, seed quality, and Hardness (Ha) locus component gene alleles. To determine whether Ha is associated with grain quality traits, we assessed the relationship of the Ha locus in the presence or absence of head type (two or six row) variation. To accomplish this, the barley Ha locus component genes (Hina, Hinb-1, Hinb-2, and Gsp) were sequenced, from each accession and sorted by prevalence. The most common Ha haplotype (HINA, HINB-1, HINB-2 alleles) was present in 42 accessions with the remaining 39 dispersed over 24 haplotypes. Seeds from two-row accessions with the most common Ha haplotype were significantly softer in grain texture (P < 0.001) and had increased starch content (P < 0.001) and DMD (P < 0.05). We used quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to measure Hina, Hinb-1, Hinb-2, and Gsp expression levels in developing seeds of 19 Ha locus haplotypes. The expression levels of all four genes were positively correlated with DMD. The results indicate that selection for individual Ha locus haplotypes may be useful in modifying seed size, DMD, and starch content in two-row barley. C1 [Turuspekov, Y.; Darlington, Y.; Blake, T. K.; Giroux, M. J.] Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beecher, B.] Washington State Univ, FSHN Facil E, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Bowman, J.] Montana State Univ, Dep Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Giroux, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, 119 Plant BioSci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mgiroux@montana.edu RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010; Turuspekov, Yerlan/C-3458-2011; OI Turuspekov, Yerlan/0000-0001-8590-1745 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1019 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0424 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400018 ER PT J AU Zhang, JLX Singh, RP Kolmer, JA Huerta-Espino, J Jin, Y Anderson, JA AF Zhang, Julia X. Singh, Ravi P. Kolmer, James A. Huerta-Espino, Julio Jin, Yue Anderson, James A. TI Inheritance of leaf rust resistance in the CIMMYT wheat Weebill 1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOME LOCATION; COMMON WHEAT; STEM RUST; GENE LR34 AB The CIMMYT spring wheat Weebill 1 has near-immune levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. To determine the genetic basis of resistance in seedlings and adult plants Weebill 1 was crossed with two susceptible parents Jupateco 73S and 'Thatcher'. Advanced F(4:5), F(4:6), and F(5:7) recombinant inbred lines (RIL) populations from Jupateco 73S/Weebill 1 and BC(1)F(2) populations from Thatcher/Weebill 1 were derived. The F(5:7) RILs and BC(1)F(2) families were tested as seedlings with five races of P. triticina. The F(1) and F(4:5), F(4:6), and F(5:7) RILs of Jupateco 73S/Weebill 1 were evaluated in plots in Mexico and St. Paul. The Jupateco 73S/Weebill 1 RILs and Thatcher*2/Weebill 1 F(2) families segregated for Lr14b, an unknown seedling leaf rust resistance gene derived from Weebill 1 in both crosses, and Lr17a derived from Jupateco 73S in the RIL population. Lr17a was mapped to the distal end of chromosome 2AS and was linked to microsatellite maker Xgwm636 at a distance of 4.0 cM. The seedling genes did, not condition effective resistance in the field plots with races used in the field trials. The segregation ratio in the RILs and F(2) families indicated the presence of three to four APR genes in Weebill 1. One of the APR genes was linked to the seedling gene Lr14b on chromosome 7BL and reduced leaf rust by 47% in St. Paul and 31% in Mexico. Based on the haplotypes of DNA markers, we do not believe that any of the APR genes is Lr34. C1 [Zhang, Julia X.; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Singh, Ravi P.] CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Kolmer, James A.; Jin, Yue] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] INIFAP, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1047 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0455 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400021 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Hopkins, AA Evans, MA AF Johnson, R. C. Hopkins, A. A. Evans, M. A. TI Carbon isotope discrimination, selection response, and forage production of tall fescue in contrasting environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; BREAD WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GERMPLASM; HERITABILITY; REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE AB Carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) usually correlates with the dry matter to transpiration ratio (transpiration efficiency) in C-3 species, but its heritability and relationship to forage production are less clear. In a 4-yr study of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) at Pullman, WA (relatively cool with low humidity), and Ardmore, OK (relatively hot with high humidity). we determined (i) if Delta differences in divergently selected populations made on single plants were maintained in solid seeded plots, and (ii) how Delta in selected populations and a set of four cultivars was related to forage production. Differences in Delta for low and high Delta populations selected on spaced plants were maintained in solid seeded plots at both Pullman and Ardmore. At Pullman, the low Delta selection had higher production than the high Delta selection with the base population intermediate. Partial correlations with all entries between Delta and forage production, controlling for harvest date effects, were not significant. However, partial correlation between Delta and forage production on the selected and base populations was significant (r = -0.59, P < 0.05, n = 12) at Pullman, although not at Ardmore. The data show selection for low Delta may improve forage production in some environments, although not consistently. For breeding tall fescue, one cycle of phenotypic selection for low Delta in advanced material is recommended. C1 [Johnson, R. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hopkins, A. A.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Evans, M. A.] Washington State Univ, Dep Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1054 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.07.0391 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400022 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Hammond, RB Martin, SKS AF Mian, M. A. Rouf Hammond, Ronald B. Martin, Steven K. St. TI New plant introductions with resistance to the soybean aphid SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM; JACKSON; GENE; MAP AB The soybean aphid (SA; Aphis glycines Matsumura) was first found in the northern soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing regions of the United States in 2000. By 2005, the aphids had spread to 23 soybean growing states reaching as far south as Mississippi and Georgia and also north into Ontario, Canada. The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to the SA. Nearly 200 soybean genotypes (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introductions [Pis]) were screened for resistance to SA in a greenhouse choice test using SA collected in Wooster, OR Three Pis (PI 243540, PI 567301B, and PI 567324) were identified as resistant while six Pis were identified as moderately resistant. The findings on the three resistant and three of the six moderately resistant Pis were confirmed through further field and greenhouse tests. PI 243540 displayed strong antibiosis resistance such that SA was unable to survive on this PI in a no-choice test. The other two resistant PIs possessed mainly antixenosis type resistance. PI 243540 and PI 567301 B were also resistant to the SA collection from Illinois. The aphid resistant Pis identified in this study will be useful in efforts to develop aphid-resistant soybean cultivars. C1 [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hammond, Ronald B.] Ohio State Univ, Dep Entomol, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Martin, Steven K. St.] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 28 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1061 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0357 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400023 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Xu, SS Harris, MO AF Friesen, T. L. Xu, S. S. Harris, M. O. TI Stem rust, tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch, and Hessian fly resistance in Langdon durum-Aegilops tauschii synthetic hexaploid wheat lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; UNITED-STATES; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM LINES; WINTER-WHEAT AB Diseases and pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cause serious yield and quality losses to wheat grown worldwide. In the current study we tested synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines developed from various lines of Aegilops tauschii Cosson crossed with the tetraploid durum wheat (T turgidum L.) cultivar Langdon. These SHW lines were tested along with their durum wheat and A. tauschii parents for resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.), tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.], and Stagonospora nodorum blotch [SNB; caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Mull.) Hedjar] as well as for resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)]. Langdon durum and all SHW lines were resistant to all races tested for stem rust. Although the durum parent Langdon was susceptible to tan spot, SNB, and Hessian fly, resistance was identified in several synthetic lines for each disease or pest indicating that the A. tauschii lines used in constructing the SHW lines are potentially useful sources of resistance. These resistant SHW lines are presently being used to characterize new sources of the resistance and introgress the resistance into bread wheat. C1 [Friesen, T. L.; Xu, S. S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Harris, M. O.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1070 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0463 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400024 ER PT J AU Yu, JB Bai, GH Cai, SB Dong, YH Ban, T AF Yu, Jian-Bin Bai, Gui-Hua Cai, Shi-Bin Dong, Yan-Hong Ban, Tomohiro TI New Fusarium head blight-resistant sources from Asian wheat germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; SCAB; GRAMINEARUM; MARKERS; CEREALS; BARLEY; GENES AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat worldwide. Severe infection can dramatically reduce grain yield and quality. Resistant cultivars have been identified from several countries. However, only a few sources of FHB resistance showed stable FHB resistance across environments and have been used as the major source of resistance in breeding programs. To diversify the wheat FHB-resistance gene pool, new sources of FHB-resistance are desired. Ninety-four selected wheat landraces and cultivars, mainly from China and Japan, have been evaluated for FHB severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. Low DON content was correlated with resistance to the FHB symptom spread within an infected spike, but not with the resistance to FHB initial infection. Two-thirds of the accessions were either resistant or moderately resistant to FHB. Among them, 26 highly resistant accessions mainly originated from China and Japan. Fifteen of them had less than 2 mg kg(-1) DON in harvested grain, six of which showed all three types of resistance. Most of these resistant accessions lack known pedigree relations to Sumai 3, suggesting that some of them may carry genes for resistance to FHB and DON accumulation different from those in Sumai 3. C1 [Bai, Gui-Hua] Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yu, Jian-Bin] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cai, Shi-Bin] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. [Dong, Yan-Hong] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ban, Tomohiro] Yokohama City Univ, Kihara Inst Biol Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2440813, Japan. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1090 EP 1097 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.10.0554 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400027 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Friesen, TL Faris, JD Xu, SS AF Chu, C. G. Friesen, T. L. Faris, J. D. Xu, S. S. TI Evaluation of seedling resistance to tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch in tetraploid wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SEPTORIA GLUME BLOTCH; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; WINTER-WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; SENSITIVITY; NECROSIS AB Tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), an important cereal used for making pasta products, is more vulnerable to various wheat diseases than bread wheat (T aestivum L.). To identify resistant sources useful for improving durum resistance to tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.] and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) [caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Muller) Hedjaroude], we evaluated 688 accessions belonging to T turgidum L. subspecies T. carthlicum, T. polonicum, T. turgidum, T. dicoccum, and T. turanicum for their seedling resistance to P. tritici-repentis and P. nodorum. Accessions were inoculated with a P. tritici-repentis race 1 isolate (Pti2) and a mixture of three diverse isolates of P. nodorum (LDNSn4, BBCSn5, and Sn2000). Then 206 accessions with low and intermediate disease reaction to either of the inocula were further evaluated for reactions to P. tritici-repentis and P. nodorum and for sensitivity to host-selective toxins produced by the two pathogens. Data showed that 25 and 132 accessions had high levels of or partial resistance to tan spot and SNB, respectively, with 10 accessions, including T dicoccum and T turgidum, showing resistance to both diseases. The resistant accessions identified in this study would be particularly useful for developing durum wheat germplasm resistant to tan spot and SNB due to their semidomesticated characteristics and same genomic constitutions as durum wheat. C1 [Friesen, T. L.; Faris, J. D.; Xu, S. S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chu, C. G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.09.0516 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400029 ER PT J AU Bremenkamp-Barrett, B Faris, JD Fellers, JP AF Bremenkamp-Barrett, Barbara Faris, Justin D. Fellers, John P. TI Molecular mapping of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr17a in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME LOCATION; MAP; LINKAGE AB Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., infects millions of acres of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and causes leaves to senesce prematurely, which in turn decreases yield by reducing the plant's ability to complete kernel fill. Lr17a, a leaf rust resistance gene in wheat, is present in many wheat varieties available today. The objective of this research was to identify molecular markers linked to Lr17a. Microsatellite-markers were used on a mapping population of 161 F-2 lines made from a cross of Chinese Spring and Thatcher-Lr17a. Capillary fragment analysis was performed and eight markers were linked to Lr17a, of which Xgwm614 and Xwmc407 flanked Lr17a at genetic distances of 0.7 and 2.5 cM respectively. An evaluation of cultivars with and without Lr17a, and grown in the midwestern United States, revealed that multiple alleles were present for all markers and little correspondence between alleles of closely linked markers and Lr17a was observed. Therefore, caution must taken when using them for marker-assisted selection. C1 [Fellers, John P.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bremenkamp-Barrett, Barbara] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM john.fellers@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1124 EP 1128 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.07.0379 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400031 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE Tew, TL AF Lingle, Sarah E. Tew, Thomas L. TI A comparison of growth and sucrose metabolism in sugarcane germplasm from Louisiana and Hawaii SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE ACID INVERTASE; PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; CANE AB Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrids) genotypes bred in Hawaii are selected for maximum tonnage in a 2-yr production cycle and contain S. robustum germplasm. Genotypes bred in Louisiana are selected for high early sucrose yield after a 9-mo growing season, and contain S. spontaneum germplasm. We compared growth, sugar concentration, and enzymes of sucrose metabolism in four internodes of four Hawaii (HI) and two Louisiana (LA) genotypes during grand growth and ripening. On average, Sucrose concentrations were higher in LA than HI genotypes, especially at ripening. Fresh weight activities of soluble acid invertase (SAI) and neutral invertase (NI) were not different among genotypes at either growth stage. Significant differences in activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy), sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), and cell wall acid invertase (CWIN) among genotypes were not consistent between types. Sucrose concentration, total sugar concentration, and sucrose:total sugar ratio in the internodes were negatively correlated with water content, SAI activity, and NI activity, and positively correlated with the difference between SPS and SAI activity. These correlations seem to be a function of internode maturity. The consistent differences in sucrose content between LA and H I genotypes indicate the Louisiana and Hawaii breeding programs have produced very different genotypes, but these differences cannot be explained by differences in enzyme activities. C1 [Lingle, Sarah E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Tew, Thomas L.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM slingle@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1163 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0439 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400035 ER PT J AU Westra, P Wilson, RG Miller, SD Stahlman, PW Wicks, GW Chapman, PL Withrow, J Legg, D Alford, C Gaines, TA AF Westra, Philip Wilson, Robert G. Miller, Stephen D. Stahlman, Phillip W. Wicks, Gall W. Chapman, Phillip L. Withrow, John Legg, David Alford, Craig Gaines, Todd A. TI Weed population dynamics after six years under glyphosate- and conventional herbicide-based weed control strategies SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONS INFLUENCE POPULATIONS; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; RYEGRASS LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; CROP-ROTATION; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SCIENTIST MIGHT; TOLERANT CROPS; RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION AB Field studies using glyphosate-resistant corn (Zea mays L.), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted at Scottsbluff, NE, Torrington, WY, and Fort Collins, CO, over 6 yr to evaluate weed population dynamics under glyphosate- and conventional herbicide-based weed control strategies. We report the response of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), and all grasses combined to four management strategies imbedded in two crop rotations. There were no consistent or highly significant benefits from a diverse crop rotation versus continuous corn when weed control was considered. Rotating herbicide mode of action for general weed control provided no benefit above that provided by glyphosate at 0.8 kg acid equivalent (ae) ha(-1) applied twice each year. There was no evidence that any weed species developed resistance to glyphosate. The most striking finding of these studies was the buildup of common lambsquarters and wild buckwheat that occurs when glyphosate is applied at 0.4 kg ae ha(-1) twice each year. Such a low-use-rate approach is to be completely discouraged since it appears to enrich the gene pool for individuals that survive low rates of glyphosate. The continuing decline in the real cost of glyphosate should eliminate any legitimate reason for growers to consider using less than the full labeled rate of glyphosate. All treatments that included glyphosate at all three locations over 6 yr provided significantly better grass control than the nonglyphosate conventional treatments. C1 [Westra, Philip; Gaines, Todd A.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wilson, Robert G.] Univ Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Miller, Stephen D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stahlman, Phillip W.] Kansas State Univ, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Wicks, Gall W.] Univ Nebraska, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Chapman, Phillip L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Withrow, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Legg, David] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Alford, Craig] Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Westra, P (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, 1177 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pwestra@lamar.colostate.edu RI Gaines, Todd/A-8998-2008 OI Gaines, Todd/0000-0003-1485-7665 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1170 EP 1177 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0490 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 311YD UT WOS:000256635400037 ER PT J AU Uchendu, EE Reed, BM AF Uchendu, Esther E. Reed, Barbara M. TI A comparative study of three cryopreservation protocols for effective storage of in vitro-grown mint (Mentha spp.) SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; controlled rate cooling; encapsulation dehydration; in vitro; vitrification ID SHOOT-TIP MERISTEMS; APICAL MERISTEMS; TISSUE-CULTURES; LIQUID-NITROGEN; VITRIFICATION; L.; DEHYDRATION; RESISTANCE; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL AB This study was designed to determine the response of diverse mint genotypes to three commonly used cryopreservation techniques. Four mints [Mentha x piperita nothosubsp. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.; M. canadenyis L.; M. australis R. Br, and M. cunninghmnii Benth] were cryopreserved using three protocols: controlled rate cooling (CC), encapsulation dehydration (ED) and PVS2 vitrification (VIT). Regrowth of mint species following controlled rate cooling (93%) was significantly (P<0.0001) better than encapsulation dehydration (71%) and vitrification (73%). All four genotypes responded well to the controlled rate cooling protocol but there was some variability with the other two protocols. Genotype specific response to the individual protocols showed that there were significant differences in the recovery of Mentha x piperita nothosubsp. citrata and M australis with CC > VIT > ED. There were also significant differences in the recovery of M. cunninghamii and M. canadensis, with CC and ED significantly better than VIT. Regrowth of the shoot tips of these mints ranged from 60% to 95% for all but one treatment. The overall results of this study compare favorably to other techniques. These improved results may be due to a combination of favorable, growth conditions, cold acclimation and recovery medium. Controlled rate cooling was the most successful technique for the storage of these diverse mint genotypes; however recovery of shoot tips from VIT and ED was high and these techniques could also be used for cryogenic storage of mint germplasm. C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Uchendu, Esther E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM uchendue@onid.orst.edu; corbr@ars-grin.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 328UY UT WOS:000257824900001 PM 18754058 ER PT J AU Shen, J Arnett, DK Parnell, LD Peacock, JM Lai, CQ Hixson, JE Tsai, MY Province, MA Straka, RJ Ordovas, JM AF Shen, Jian Arnett, Donna K. Parnell, Laurence D. Peacock, James M. Lai, Chao-Qiang Hixson, James E. Tsai, Michael Y. Province, Michael A. Straka, Robert J. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Association of common C-Reactive Protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms with baseline plasma CRP levels and fenofibrate response - The GOLDN Study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFLAMMATION; DYSLIPIDEMIA; PREDICTION; PROMOTER; EVENTS AB OBJECTIVE - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker that contributes to the prediction of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the influences of CRP polymorphisms on baseline CRP levels and fenofibrate-induced CRP changes in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. RSEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We examined the association of CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (m772A > G, m301G > A > T, i178T > A, 3u1273C > T, and 3u2131C > T) with baseline plasma CRP levels among 1,123 white U.S. participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study and the modulating effect of these SNPs on CRP response to a 3-week fenofibrate treatment among 290 participants with the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS - There were strong associations of m301G > A > T (rs3091244; P = 0.003), i178T > A (rs1417938, P = 0.001), 3u1273C > T (rs1130864; P = 0.001), and 3u2131C > T (rs1205; P < 0.001) with baseline CRP levels. Moreover, among subjects with the metabolic syndrome, fenofibrate induced the greatest reduction in CRP levels for TT subjects of the i178T > A compared with TA and AA subjects (-30 for TT, -19 for TA, and -11% for AA; P = 0.004). Similarly, for the m301G > A > T, major allele carriers displayed maximal reduction of CRP over noncarriers (-20 for GG, -15 for GA and GT, and -0.3% for TA and AA, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS - Our results demonstrate that common genetic variants within the CRP gene affect baseline CRP levels and further modulate CRP response in subjects with the metabolic syndrome treated with fenofibrate. This knowledge could contribute to a better prediction of therapeutic success. C1 [Shen, Jian; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Peacock, James M.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, Michael A.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL072524, U01 HL088655, U 01 HL72524]; PHS HHS [53-K06-5-10] NR 20 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 910 EP 915 DI 10.2337/dc07-1687 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 303CE UT WOS:000256016300015 PM 18285551 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Wu, WM Alonso, CV Wang, SSY AF Bennett, Sean J. Wu, Weiming Alonso, Carlos V. Wang, Sam S. Y. TI Modeling fluvial response to in-stream woody vegetation: implications for stream corridor restoration SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; riparian vegetation; physical model; numerical model; river meandering ID NONUNIFORM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SAND-BED CHANNELS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SIMULATED VEGETATION; RIVER RESTORATION; PHYSICAL HABITAT; UNITED-STATES; FLOW; REHABILITATION; DEBRIS AB River restoration and bank stabilization programs often use vegetation for improving stream corridor habitat, aesthetic and function. Yet no study has examined the use of managed vegetation plantings to transform a straight, degraded stream corridor into an ecologically functional meandering channel. Experimental data collected using a distorted Froude-scaled flume analysis show that channel expansion and widening, thalweg meandering and riffle and pool development are possible using discrete plantings of rigid, emergent vegetation, and the magnitudes of these adjustments depend on the shape of the vegetation zone and the density of the vegetation. These experimental results were verified and validated using a recently developed numerical model, and model output was then used to discuss mechanistically how rivers respond to the introduction of in-stream woody vegetation. Finally, a hybrid method of meander design is proposed herein where managed vegetation plantings are used to trigger or force the desired morphologic response, transforming a straight, degraded reach into a more functional meandering corridor. It is envisioned that such numerical models could become the primary tool for designing future stream restoration programs involving vegetation and assessing the long-term stability of such activities. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Wu, Weiming; Wang, Sam S. Y.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Alonso, Carlos V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu NR 65 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 890 EP 909 DI 10.1002/esp.1581 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 306GB UT WOS:000256235200004 ER PT J AU Claassen, R Cattaneo, A Johansson, R AF Claassen, Roger Cattaneo, Andrea Johansson, Robert TI Cost-effective design of agri-environmental payment programs: US experience in theory and practice SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE conservation policy; agri-environmental policy; benefit-cost targeting; competitive bidding; Conservation Reserve Program; Environmental Quality Incentives Program ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SITE-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES; LAND QUALITY; POLICY DESIGN; ADOPTION; SLIPPAGE; EFFICIENCY; AMENITIES; CONTRACTS AB Key features of U.S. agri-environmental programs are reviewed and analyzed using literature review and program data. We focus, in particular, on several key questions: Has benefit-cost targeting increased the environmental benefit obtained from program budgets? Has competitive bidding reduced program costs? To what extent have these program designs resulted in additional gain (that would not have other-wise been obtained)? Previous research illustrates how benefit-cost targeting using environmental indices (such as the Environmental Benefits Index in the Conservation Reserve Program) can increase environmental cost-effectiveness. Previous research and data from two U.S. programs suggests that bidding has reduced costs, but that the full potential of bidding may not have been realized. Finally, most U.S. programs are intended to yield environmental gains that would not have otherwise been obtained, but sometimes fall short of this goal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Claassen, Roger] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Cattaneo, Andrea] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Johansson, Robert] Formerly Econ Rres Serv, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Claassen, R (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,S4008, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM claassen@ers.usda.gov; andrea.cattaneo@oecd.org NR 61 TC 104 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 737 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.032 PG 16 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 305AV UT WOS:000256151100007 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Adamsen, FJ AF Williams, C. F. Adamsen, F. J. TI A low-cost three-dimensional sample collection array to evaluate and monitor constructed wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wetland; sampling; monitoring ID VEGETATION; REMOVAL; ZONES AB Artificially constructed wetlands are gaining acceptance as a low-cost treatment alternative to remove a number of undesirable constituents from water. Wetlands can be used to physically remove compounds such as suspended solids through sedimentation. Dissolved nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, heavy metals, and potentially harmful anthropogenic compounds can all be removed in constructed wetlands through geochemical and biological processes. Sample collection to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and to monitor the status of wetlands is usually only conducted at the inlet and outlet of the wetland due to cost constraints. To better understand the internal hydrology and biogeochemical processes operating within the wetland more intensive sampling is needed that does not interfere with the hydraulics of the system. A new relatively low-cost sample collection design has been developed using mostly off-the-shelf parts that allows for permanent, internal, three-dimensional sample collection in wetlands. The design has been used to construct a permanent three-dimensional array of 60-sample locations that can be sampled simultaneously throughout a 1.2 ha constructed wetland for less than US$ 5000. The sampling array was used in a tracer study and showed spatial and temporal differences in tracer concentration within the wetland. Concentration differences were seen and measured in all three dimensions. The basic features of the system are described and an example how to construct an array that can suit any wetland design is given. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, C. F.; Adamsen, F. J.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cordon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.02.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 305AY UT WOS:000256151400009 ER PT J AU Beissinger, SR Wunderle, JM Meyers, JM Saether, BE Engen, S AF Beissinger, Steven R. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Meyers, J. Michael Saether, Bernt-Erik Engen, Steinar TI Anatomy of a bottleneck: Diagnosing factors limiting population growth in the Puerto Rican Parrot SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Amazona vittata; conservation; demographic model; demography; endangered species hatching failure; extinction; hurricane effects; Luquillo Experimental Forest; population bottleneck; Puerto Rican Parrot; sensitivity analysis ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; GENETIC-FACTORS; HURRICANE HUGO; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DECLINING POPULATION; AMAZONA PARROTS; ISLAND ENDEMICS; SURVIVAL RATES AB The relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes that maintain population bottlenecks has received little consideration. We evaluate the role of these factors in maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata) in a prolonged bottleneck from 1973 through 2000 despite intensive conservation efforts. We first conduct a risk analysis, then examine evidence for the importance of specific processes maintaining the bottleneck using the multiple competing hypotheses approach, and finally integrate these results through a sensitivity analysis of a demographic model using life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) to determine the relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes on population growth. Annual population growth has been slow and variable (1.0 +/- 5.2 parrots per year, or an average lambda = 1.05 +/- 0.19) from 16 parrots (1973) to a high of 40-42 birds (1997-1998). A risk analysis based on population prediction intervals (PPI) indicates great risk and large uncertainty, with a range of 22-83 birds in the 90% PPI only five years into the future. Four primary factors (reduced hatching success due to inbreeding, failure of adults to nest, nest failure due to nongenetic causes, and reduced survival of adults and juveniles) were responsible for maintaining the bottleneck. Egg-hatchability rates were low (70.6% per egg and 76.8% per pair), and hatchability increased after mate changes, suggesting inbreeding effects. Only an average of 34% of the population nested annually, which was well below the percentage of adults that should have reached an age of first breeding (41-56%). This chronic failure to nest appears to have been caused primarily by environmental and/or behavioral factors, and not by nest-site scarcity or a skewed sex ratio. Nest failure rates from nongenetic causes (i.e., predation, parasitism, and wet cavities) were low (29%) due to active management (protecting nests and fostering captive young into wild nests), diminishing the importance of nest failure as a limiting factor. Annual survival has been periodically reduced by catastrophes (hurricanes), which have greatly constrained population growth, but survival rates were high under non-catastrophic conditions. Although the importance of factors maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot bottleneck varied throughout the 30-year period of study, we determined their long-term influence using LSA simulations to correlate variation in demographic rates with variation in population growth (lambda). The bottleneck appears to have been maintained primarily by periodic catastrophes (hurricanes) that reduced adult survival, and secondarily by environmental and/or behavioral factors that resulted in a failure of many adults to nest. The influence of inbreeding through reduced hatching success played a much less significant role, even when additional effects of inbreeding on the production and mortality of young were incorporated into the LSA. Management actions needed to speed recovery include (1) continued nest guarding to minimize the effects of nest failure due to nongenetic causes; (2) creating a second population at another location on the island-a process that was recently initiated-to reduce the chance that hurricane strikes will cause extinction; and (3) determining the causes of the low percentage of breeders in the population and ameliorating them, which would have a large impact on population growth. C1 [Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Saether, Bernt-Erik] Realfagsbygget Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Inst Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Engen, Steinar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Inst Math & Sci, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beis@nature.berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 103 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 BP 185 EP 203 DI 10.1890/07-0018.1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299AA UT WOS:000255727000003 ER PT J AU Doll, KA Sharma, BK Suarez, PAZ Erhan, SZ AF Doll, Kenneth A. Sharma, Brajendra K. Suarez, Paulo A. Z. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Comparing biofuels obtained from pyrolysis, of soybean oil or soapstock, with traditional soybean biodiesel: Density, kinematic viscosity, and surface tensions SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ACROCOMIA-SCLEROCARPA M; VEGETABLE-OILS; FUEL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; ATOMIZATION; CATALYST; METHANOL; BREAKUP; GC/MS AB A product with diesel-like properties was synthesized by a pyrolysis method, from either edible soybean oil or an inedible soybean soapstock starting material (PD and SD, respectively). Some physical properties of the material were studied, neat and in blends, with both high- and low-sulfur diesel fuels (HSD and LSD) and at a range of different temperatures. The kinematic viscosities at 40 degrees C were 4.5 mm(2) s(-1) for PD and 3.8 mm(2) s(-1) for SD, which were reduced in a linear fashion by the addition of HSD or LSD. The densities of the fuels at 40 degrees C were 0.853 and 0.844 g mL(-1), very similar to the density of HSD. The surface tensions of the compounds, also at 40 degrees C, were 27.1 mN m(-1) for PD and 26.2 mN m(-1) for SD. A comparison to traditional biodiesel was made and, overall, lead to the conclusion that the pyrolysis products are a viable alternative. C1 [Doll, Kenneth A.; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Suarez, Paulo A. Z.; Erhan, Sevim Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Doll, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenneth.doll@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 2061 EP 2066 DI 10.1021/ef800068w PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 303RG UT WOS:000256057600088 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Chemical composition of bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis of two energy crops SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID REED CANARYGRASS; SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS; ALFALFA AB Bio-oils from the fast pyrolysis of switchgrass forage and two sets of alfalfa stems (from two stages of development-bud and full flower stages) have been analyzed by wet-chemical methods, GC-MS, and HPLC. The chemical composition of bio-oil is important because it may give insights into its quality, stability, or suitability for downstream upgrading. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 500 degrees C under a nitrogen atmosphere in 2.5 kg/h fluidized bed reactor. A total of 62 chemical species were positively identified in the liquids. Of the identified compounds, 27 have been quantified. The chemical compositions of the bio-oils are compared with what is known about the compositions of these feedstocks. While the compositions of the bio-oil from the two alfalfa stems were similar, there were numerous differences in the compositions of the alfalfa and switchgrass bio-oils. Noted are the higher levels of nitrogen, water, and aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oils produced from alfalfa stems than from switchgrass and woody feedstocks that have been previously characterized. Also noted is a much lower concentration of levoglucosan and hydroxyacetaldehyde concentrations among bio-oils from alfalfa stems compared with bio-oil from switchgrass or woody biomass. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 2104 EP 2109 DI 10.1021/ef700776w PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 303RG UT WOS:000256057600095 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, Allan T. TI Longevity and egg development of adult female boll weevils fed exclusively on different parts and stages of cotton fruiting bodies SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; fecundity; food; Gossypium hirsutum; gravidity; nutrition; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Malvaceae ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; SOUTHERN TEXAS; OVERWINTERING HABITATS; FOOD SOURCES; HOST PLANTS; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DIAPAUSE; REPRODUCTION AB The capacities of the rind (i.e., the developing calyx and petals of squares; and the outer casing, or husk, of bolls) and the internal reproductive portion of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), squares of three sizes, and bolls of three ages to influence adult female boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), longevity and egg production were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. While feeding on the reproductive portion of squares was expected to support adult boll weevils for considerable periods of time (e.g., medium square reproductive portion: approximate to 185 days), feeding on rinds also resulted in substantial longevity (e.g., medium square rind: approximate to 120 days). As anticipated, feeding on the reproductive portion of squares resulted in formation of chorionated eggs in mated females, but a diet comprised exclusively of rinds, particularly from large squares, was associated with gravidity and high fecundity relative to rinds of young and mature bolls. The reproductive portion and rind of post-bloom and young bolls as sources of food resulted in limited gravidity while mature bolls were not associated with any egg formation. These findings further our understanding of how boll weevils feed on different parts of the cotton plant and how those parts as food sources are related to the biology and ecology of the boll weevil. C1 USDA ARS IFNRRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS IFNRRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 127 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00679.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 289NC UT WOS:000255060200006 ER PT J AU Xu, CP Natarajan, S Sullivan, JH AF Xu, Chenping Natarajan, Savithiry Sullivan, Joe H. TI Impact of solar ultraviolet-B radiation on the antioxidant defense system in soybean lines differing in flavonoid contents SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE active oxygen species; antioxidants; flavonoids; glycine max; oxidative stress; soybean; UV-B radiation ID ASCORBATE-GLUTATHIONE CYCLE; INCREASED DNA-DAMAGE; UV-B; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; SUNFLOWER COTYLEDONS AB Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation can lead to oxidative damage in plants. However, plants possess a number of UV-protection mechanisms including screening of potentially damaging UV-B and increased production or activities of antioxidants. The balance or trade-off between these two mechanisms has rarely been studied and is poorly understood. Two isolines of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Clark cultivar, the normal line with moderate levels of flavonoids and the magenta line with reduced flavonoids levels, were grown in the field with or without natural levels of UV-B. Leaflet blades of the first trifoliate leaf were harvested after 4-12 days of exposure to the experimental conditions for analysis of active oxygen species (AOS) and antioxidant levels. Solar UV-B radiation caused oxidative stress in both lines and altered AOS metabolism primarily by decreasing superoxide dismutase activity and increasing the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase. This resulted in decreased ascorbic acid content and increased dehydroascorbate content. The magenta line had greater oxidative stress than the normal line in spite of its enhanced oxidative defense capacity as compared to the normal line, even under UV-B exclusion. These results indicate enhanced sensitivity in the magenta line, especially under UV-B exclusion that was likely due to the absence of flavonoid epidermal screening compounds and subsequent increased penetration of solar ultraviolet radiation into the leaf. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Chenping; Sullivan, Joe H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Natarajan, Savithiry] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sullivan, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jsull@umd.edu RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 71 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 EI 1873-7307 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1-3 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.029 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283YF UT WOS:000254671700005 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Burner, DM Ruckle, JM AF Belesky, David P. Burner, David M. Ruckle, Joyce M. TI Does endophyte influence resource acquisition and allocation in defoliated tall fescue as a function of microsite conditions? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE dry matter production; Festuca arundinacea; growth allometry; Neotyphodium coenophialum; shade; tiller production ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN REGION; ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; LIGHT GRADIENT; EASTERN USA; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; GROWTH; PLANT AB Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] often benefits in terms of productivity and persistence when infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum ([Morgan-Jones and Gams], Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin) endophyte, but the influence of novel non-ergogenic endophytes is unclear. We conducted a field experiment using container-grown tall fescue plants to determine how plants allocated resources when clipped repeatedly in microsites differing in the amount of available light associated with open (full sun), and partially shaded (about 20 or 40% of full sun) conditions. Plants of the same tall fescue cultivar (Jesup) were host to either a native or novel non-ergogenic fungal endophyte (MaxQ (TM)), or were devoid of endophyte. Seedlings of plants infected with the novel endophyte had slower germination, germinated later, and allocated more photosynthate to shoots than roots, when compared to J- or J+ plants. Herbage production of undisturbed canopies was not influenced by host-endophyte association within a microsite, with more herbage produced at the open than at the heavily shaded site. Clipping plants to a 5- or a 10-cm residue height tended to accentuate differences, with diminished productivity and greater variability occurring when plants were maintained at 5 cm. This trend was supported by allometric resource allocation patterns, and in terms of vegetative propagule mass relative to the number of propagules. Tall fescue, irrespective of host-endophyte association, grown as forage in silvopastoral situations should be managed to maintain no less than a 10-cm residual plant height. Trends in photosynthate allocation and plant size might influence persistence and should be investigated for more than two growing seasons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Belesky, David P.; Ruckle, Joyce M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Burner, David M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1-3 BP 368 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.12.013 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283YF UT WOS:000254671700041 ER PT J AU Zhou, WQ Troy, A Grove, M AF Zhou, Weiqi Troy, Austin Grove, Morgan TI Modeling residential lawn fertilization practices: Integrating high resolution remote sensing with socioeconomic data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lawn fertilization; lawn greenness; remote sensing; socioeconomic characteristics; modeling; object-oriented classification; LTER ID AVHRR NDVI; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH AB This article investigates how remotely sensed lawn characteristics, such as parcel lawn area and parcel lawn greenness, combined with household characteristics, can be used to predict household lawn fertilization practices on private residential lands. This study involves two watersheds, Glyndon and Baisman's Run, in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. Parcel lawn area and lawn greenness were derived from high-resolution aerial imagery using an object-oriented classification approach. Four indicators of household characteristics, including lot size, square footage of the house, housing value, and housing age were obtained from a property database. Residential lawn care survey data combined with remotely sensed parcel lawn area and greenness data were used to estimate two measures of household lawn fertilization practices, household annual fertilizer nitrogen application amount (N_yr) and household annual fertilizer nitrogen application rate (N_ha_yr). Using multiple regression with multi-model inferential procedures, we found that a combination of parcel lawn area and parcel lawn greenness best predicts N_yr, whereas a combination of parcel lawn greenness and lot size best predicts variation in N_ha_yr. Our analyses show that household fertilization practices can be effectively predicted by remotely sensed lawn indices and household characteristics. This has significant implications for urban watershed managers and modelers. C1 [Zhou, Weiqi; Troy, Austin] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Grove, Morgan] USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Zhou, WQ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM wzhoul@uvm.edu RI Zhou, Weiqi/G-2427-2010 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 41 IS 5 BP 742 EP 752 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9032-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290HF UT WOS:000255113200011 PM 18175169 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Travis, LE AF Haight, Robert G. Travis, Laurel E. TI Reserve design to maximize species persistence SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE optimization; population viability; reserve site selection; resource allocation; search heuristic; simulation optimization; stochastic population model ID JOAQUIN KIT FOX; SITE-SELECTION; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; HABITAT LOSS; POPULATIONS; MODELS; VIABILITY; OPTIMIZATION; LANDSCAPES AB We develop a reserve design strategy to maximize the probability of species persistence predicted by a stochastic, individual-based, metapopulation model. Because the population model does not fit exact optimization procedures, our strategy involves deriving promising solutions from theory, obtaining promising solutions from a simulation optimization heuristic, and determining the best of the promising solutions using a multiple-comparison statistical test. We use the strategy to address a problem of allocating limited resources to new and existing reserves. The best reserve design depends on emigration, dispersal mortality, and probabilities of movement between reserves. When movement probabilities are symmetric, the best design is to expand a subset of reserves to equal size to exhaust the habitat budget. When movement probabilities are not symmetric, the best design does not expand reserves to equal size and is strongly affected by movement probabilities and emigration rates. We use commercial simulation software to obtain our results. C1 [Haight, Robert G.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Travis, Laurel E.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rhaight@fs.fed.us; itravis@vt.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10666-007-9088-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275RB UT WOS:000254088200006 ER PT J AU Pu, R Gong, P Tian, Y Miao, X Carruthers, RI Anderson, GL AF Pu, Ruiliang Gong, Peng Tian, Yong Miao, Xin Carruthers, Raymond I. Anderson, Gerald L. TI Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE CASI data; invasive species; salt cedar; change detection; ANN; LDA ID URBAN CHANGE; CLASSIFICATION AB For monitoring and controlling the extent and intensity of an invasive species, a direct multi-date image classification method was applied in invasive species (salt cedar) change detection in the study area of Lovelock, Nevada. With multidate Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral data sets, two types of hyperspectral CASI input data and two classifiers have been examined and compared for mapping and monitoring the salt cedar change. The two types of input data are all two-date original CASI bands and 12 principal component images (PCs) derived from the two-date CASI images. The two classifiers are an artificial neural network (ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The experimental results indicate that (1) the direct multitemporal image classification method applied in land cover change detection is feasible either with original CASI bands or PCs, but a better accuracy was obtained from the CASI PCA transformed data; (2) with the same inputs of 12 PCs, the ANN outperforms the LDA due to the ANN's non-linear property and ability of handling data without a prerequisite of a certain distribution of the analysis data. C1 [Pu, Ruiliang] Univ S Florida, Dept Geog, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gong, Peng] Univ Calif Berkeley, CAMFER, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tian, Yong] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Miao, Xin] Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Carruthers, Raymond I.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Anderson, Gerald L.] USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Pu, R (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geog, 4202 E Fowler Ave, NES 107, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM rpu@cas.usf.edu RI Tian, Yong/A-6793-2010 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 140 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9843-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 280NV UT WOS:000254434400002 PM 17597417 ER PT J AU Jannink, JL AF Jannink, Jean-Luc TI QTL x genetic background interaction: predicting inbred progeny value SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE association mapping; epistasis; genetic background; inbreeding; pedigree ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DIMENSIONAL GENOME SEARCHES; GROAT-OIL CONTENT; ASSOCIATION; EPISTASIS; SELECTION; VARIANCE; RELATEDNESS; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS AB Failures of the additive infinitesimal model continue to provide incentive to study other modes of gene action, in particular, epistasis. Epistasis can be modeled as a QTL by genetic background interaction. Association mapping models lend themselves to fitting such an interaction because they often include both main marker and genetic background factors. In this study, I review a model that fits the QTL by background interaction as an added random effect in the now standard mixed model framework of association analyses. The model is applied to four-generation pedigrees where the objective is to predict the genotypic values of fourth-generation individuals that have not been phenotyped. In particular, I look at how well epistatic effects are estimated under two levels of inbreeding. Interaction detection power was 8% and 65% for pedigrees of 240 randomly mated individuals when the interaction generated 6% and 20% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Power increased to 21% and 94% for these conditions when evaluated individuals were inbred by selfing four times. The interaction variance was estimated in an unbiased way under both levels of inbreeding, but its mean squared error was reduced by 40% to 70% when estimated in inbred relative to randomly mated individuals. The performance of the epistatic model was also enhanced relative to the additive model by inbreeding. These results are promising for the application of the model to typically self-pollinating crops such as wheat and soybean. C1 [Jannink, Jean-Luc] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM JeanLuc.Jannink@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2008 VL 161 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9509-0 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 286WX UT WOS:000254877800005 ER PT J AU Mahabir, S Ettinger, S Johnson, L Baer, DJ Clevidence, BA Hartman, TJ Taylor, PR AF Mahabir, S. Ettinger, S. Johnson, L. Baer, D. J. Clevidence, B. A. Hartman, T. J. Taylor, P. R. TI Measures of adiposity and body fat distribution in relation to serum folate levels in postmenopausal women in a feeding study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adiposity and folate; postmenopausal women; feeding study ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; MODERATE ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; CARRIER GENE; MASS INDEX; PLASMA; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; CELLS AB Objective: To assess the associations between serum folate concentration and measures of adiposity in postmenopausal women. Design: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis within the control segment of a randomized, crossover trial in which postmenopausal women (n = 51) consumed 0 g (control), 15 g (one drink) and 30 g (two drinks) alcohol (ethanol)/day for 8 weeks as part of a controlled diet. Subjects in one treatment arm were crossed-over to another arm after a 2- to 5-week washout period. Body mass index (BMI) was measured, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan administered to the women during the control (0 g alcohol) treatment, and a blood sample from this group was collected at baseline and week 8 of each diet period and analyzed for folate, B12, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. Setting: This study was conducted at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, MD, USA. Results: In multivariate analysis, women who were overweight had a 12% lower, and obese women had a 22% lower serum folate concentrations compared to normal weight women (P-trend 0.02). Vitamin B12 also decreased with increasing BMI (P-trend 0.08). Increased BMI, percent body fat, and absolute amounts of central and peripheral fat were all significantly associated with decreased serum folate, but were unrelated to serum B12, homocysteine or methylmalonic acid. Conclusions: Our data show that adiposity is associated with lower serum folate levels in postmenopausal women. With obesity at epidemic proportions, these data, if confirmed by prospective or randomized controlled studies, have important public health implications. C1 [Mahabir, S.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ettinger, S.] Columbia Univ, New York Obes Res Ctr, St Lukes Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Johnson, L.] NCCAM, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Baer, D. J.; Clevidence, B. A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hartman, T. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Taylor, P. R.] NIH, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mahabir, S (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM smahabir@mdanderson.org FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 CP000101-03] NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 62 IS 5 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602771 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 297AL UT WOS:000255587500009 PM 17457338 ER PT J AU Melgar-Quinonez, HR Nord, M Perez-Escamilla, R Segall-Correa, AM AF Melgar-Quinonez, H. R. Nord, M. Perez-Escamilla, R. Segall-Correa, A. M. TI Psychometric properties of a modified US-household food security survey module in Campinas, Brazil SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food security; rasch model; internal validity; Brazil ID BURKINA-FASO; INSECURITY; CHILDREN; SCALE; VALIDATION; HUNGER; INSTRUMENT; EXPERIENCE; BANGLADESH AB Objective: To assess the internal validity of a multiple-item measure of household food security in Brazil using statistical methods based on the single-parameter logistic (Rasch) measurement model. Subjects/Methods: Sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population living in the municipality of Campinas selected using stratified cluster sampling. Of the 1000 households randomly chosen, 847 responded to the interview. Responses to each of the 15 questions were coded into dichotomous items indicating whether the specific food-insecure condition had occurred (other than in just 1 or 2 days) during the 3 months before the survey. Scaling analyses were conducted separately as well as jointly for adult/household-related items and child-related items. Item-fit statistics were examined to determine the extent to which the items appear to measure the same underlying phenomenon, and item severity scores were compared with those of equivalent items in the US Current Population Survey. Results: Except for one item, infit statistics were within a range considered adequate (0.80 - 1.2), indicating a common phenomenon being measured with approximately equal discrimination. The relative severites of the items in the Campinas survey were generally similar to those of equivalent items in the US Current Population Survey. Analysis of all 15 items together indicates a higher severity level for child-related items compared with equivalent adult-related items. Conclusions: This analysis will serve as the prototype for confirming the psychometric validity of a food insecurity scale at a national level. C1 [Melgar-Quinonez, H. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nord, M.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Perez-Escamilla, R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Perez-Escamilla, R.] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut NIH EXPORT Ctr Excellence Eliminat Hl, Storrs, CT USA. [Segall-Correa, A. M.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Melgar-Quinonez, HR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM melgar-quinonez.1@osu.edu RI Melgar-Quinonez, Hugo/E-8212-2012; Segall-Correa, Ana Maria/K-6689-2012 OI Segall-Correa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-0140-064X NR 36 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 62 IS 5 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602760 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 297AL UT WOS:000255587500012 PM 17440521 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Arnett, DK Kelly, RJ Ordovas, JM Sun, YV Hopkins, PN Hixson, JE Straka, RJ Peacock, JM Kardia, SLR AF Smith, Jennifer A. Arnett, Donna K. Kelly, Reagan J. Ordovas, Jose M. Sun, Yan V. Hopkins, Paul N. Hixson, James E. Straka, Robert J. Peacock, James M. Kardia, Sharon L. R. TI The genetic architecture of fasting plasma triglyceride response to fenofibrate treatment SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fenofibrate; triglyceride; VLDL; gene-drug interaction; epistasis; gene -gene interaction ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIPID-METABOLISM; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; DYSLIPIDEMIA; RISK; CLASSIFICATION; CHOLESTEROL; ENVIRONMENT AB Metabolic response to the triglyceride (TG)- lowering drug, fenofibrate, is shaped by interactions between genetic and environmental factors, yet knowledge regarding the genetic determinants of this response is primarily limited to single- gene effects. Since very low- density lipoprotein ( VLDL) is the central carrier of fasting TG, identifying factors that affect both total TG and VLDL - TG response to fenofibrate is critical for predicting individual fenofibrate response. As part of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network ( GOLDN) study, 688 individuals from 161 families were genotyped for 91 single- nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in 25 genes known to be involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Using generalized estimating equations to control for family structure, we performed linear modeling to investigate whether single SNPs, single covariates, SNP - SNP interactions, and/ or SNP-covariate interactions had a significant association with the change in total fasting TG and fasting VLDL - TG after 3 weeks of fenofibrate treatment. A 10-iteration fourfold cross-validation procedure was used to validate significant associations and quantify their predictive abilities. More than one- third of the significant, cross-validated SNP - SNP interactions predicting each outcome involved just five SNPs, showing that these SNPs are of key importance to fenofibrate response. Multiple variable models constructed using the top-ranked SNP covariate interactions explained 11.9% more variation in the change in TG and 7.8% more variation in the change in VLDL than baseline TG alone. These results yield insight into the complex biology of fenofibrate response, which can be used to target fenofibrate therapy to individuals who are most likely to benefit from the drug. C1 [Smith, Jennifer A.; Kelly, Reagan J.; Sun, Yan V.; Kardia, Sharon L. R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Peacock, James M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ,Room 4605, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM smjenn@umich.edu RI Sun, Yan/A-7461-2008; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Smith, Jennifer/0000-0002-3575-5468 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [T32 HG00040, T32 HG000040]; NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL072524, U01 HL072524-01, U 01 HL72524] NR 56 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 603 EP 613 DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5202003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 292IU UT WOS:000255260500011 PM 18212815 ER PT J AU Winkler, JK Warner, K AF Winkler, Jill K. Warner, Kathleen TI The effect of phytosterol concentration on oxidative stability and thermal polymerization of heated oils SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frying; oxidation; phytosterols; thermal polymerization; vegetable oils ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; STEROL COMPOSITION; EDIBLE OILS; FRYING OILS AB This study determined the effect of adding mixed phytosterols, at various concentrations, on the thermal polymerization and oxidative stability index (OSI) of soybean and high-oleic sunflower oils. The indigenous tocopherols and phytosterols were removed from the oils by molecular distillation. Pure phytosterols were added back to these stripped oils at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 wt-%. These oils were heated at 180 degrees C, and triacylglycerol dimers and polymers, fatty acid composition, and residual phytosterols were determined. Added phytosterols at 1 and 2.5% significantly decreased thermal polymerization of stripped soybean oil over 8 h. Phytosterols at 2.5% significantly increased polymerization of stripped high-oleic sunflower oil over 12 h. Added phytosterols did not affect the loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids in either oil. The decomposition of the added phytosterols was followed in both oils during the heating study. The loss of phytosterols in soybean oil ranged from 7 to 13%, while loss in stripped high-oleic sunflower oil ranged from 13 to 20%. Phytosterols added at 1 and 2.5% significantly decreased the OSI for stripped high-oleic sunflower oil. This research shows that added phytosterols, especially at higher concentrations, will have an impact on the thermal and oxidative stability of oils. C1 [Winkler, Jill K.; Warner, Kathleen] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Winkler, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jill.winkler@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 110 IS 5 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200700265 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 310NT UT WOS:000256537000012 ER PT J AU McClure, MM Utter, FM Baldwin, C Carmichael, RW Hassemer, PF Howell, PJ Spruell, P Cooney, TD Schaller, HA Petrosky, CE AF McClure, Michelle M. Utter, Fred M. Baldwin, Casey Carmichael, Richard W. Hassemer, Peter F. Howell, Philip J. Spruell, Paul Cooney, Thomas D. Schaller, Howard A. Petrosky, Charles E. TI Evolutionary effects of alternative artificial propagation programs: implications for viability of endangered anadromous salmonids SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Chinook salmon; conservation; domestication; hatchery; homogenization; Pacific salmon; recovery ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA-RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; CAPTIVE POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; STEELHEAD TROUT; HATCHERY; CONSERVATION; WILD AB Most hatchery programs for anadromous salmonids have been initiated to increase the numbers of fish for harvest, to mitigate for habitat losses, or to increase abundance in populations at low abundance. However, the manner in which these programs are implemented can have significant impacts on the evolutionary trajectory and long-term viability of populations. In this paper, we review the potential benefits and risks of hatchery programs relative to the conservation of species listed under the US Endangered Species Act. To illustrate, we present the range of potential effects within a population as well as among populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) where changes to major hatchery programs are being considered. We apply evolutionary considerations emerging from these examples to suggest broader principles for hatchery uses that are consistent with conservation goals. We conclude that because of the evolutionary risks posed by artificial propagation programs, they should not be viewed as a substitute for addressing other limiting factors that prevent achieving viability. At the population level, artificial propagation programs that are implemented as a short-term approach to avoid imminent extinction are more likely to achieve long-term population viability than approaches that rely on long-term supplementation. In addition, artificial propagation programs can have out-of-population impacts that should be considered in conservation planning. C1 [McClure, Michelle M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. [Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baldwin, Casey] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Carmichael, Richard W.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR USA. [Hassemer, Peter F.; Petrosky, Charles E.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID USA. [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, La Grande, OR USA. [Spruell, Paul] So Utah Univ, Cedar City, UT USA. [Schaller, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA USA. RP McClure, MM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. EM michelle.mcclure@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 103 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 356 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00034.x PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500013 PM 25567637 ER PT J AU Tavva, VS Palli, SR Dinkins, RD Collins, GB AF Tavva, Venkata S. Palli, Subba R. Dinkins, Randy D. Collins, Glenn B. TI Improvement of a monopartite ecdysone receptor gene switch and demonstration of its utility in regulation of transgene expression in plants SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ecdysone receptor; gene regulation; methoxyfenozide; transgenic plants; zinc finger protein ID LIGAND-BINDING POCKET; INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TOBACCO PLANTS; WHOLE PLANTS; SYSTEM; TETRACYCLINE; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION AB In plants, regulation of transgene expression is typically accomplished through the use of inducible promoter systems. The ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene switch is one of the best inducible systems available to regulate transgene expression in plants. However, the monopartite EcR gene switches developed to date require micromolar concentrations of ligand for activation. We tested several EcR mutants that were generated by changing one or two amino acid residues in the highly flexible ligand-binding domain of Choristoneura fumiferana EcR (CfEcR). Based on the transient expression assays, we selected a double mutant, V395I + Y415E (VY), of CfEcR (CfEcR(VY)) for further testing in stable transformation experiments. The CfEcR(VY) mutant only slightly improved the induction characteristics of the two-hybrid gene switch, whereas the CfEcR(VY) mutant significantly improved the induction characteristics of the monopartite gene switch (VGCfE(VY)). The ligand sensitivity of the VGCfE(VY) switch was improved by 125-15 625-fold in different transgenic lines analyzed, compared to the VGCfE(Wt) switch. The utility of the VGCfE(VY) switch was tested by regulating the expression of an Arabidopsis zinc finger protein gene (AtZFP11) in both tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. These data showed that the VGCfE(VY) switch efficiently regulated the expression of AtZFP11 and that the phenotype of AtZFP11 could be induced by the application of ligand. In addition, the affected plants recovered after withdrawal of the ligand, demonstrating the utility of this gene switch in regulating the expression of critical transgenes in plants. C1 [Tavva, Venkata S.; Palli, Subba R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Tavva, Venkata S.; Collins, Glenn B.] Univ Kentucky, Plant & Soil Sci Dept, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dinkins, Randy D.] USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. RP Palli, SR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, 1100 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM rpalli@uky.edu OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 275 IS 9 BP 2161 EP 2176 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06370.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 290QR UT WOS:000255137800019 PM 18384377 ER PT J AU Han, SH Kim, CH Lee, JH Park, JY Cho, SM Park, SK Kim, KY Krishnan, HB Kim, YC AF Han, Song Hee Kim, Chul Hong Lee, Jang Hoon Park, Ju Yeon Cho, Song Mi Park, Seur Kee Kim, Kil Yong Krishnan, Hari B. Kim, Young Cheol TI Inactivation of pqq genes of Enterobacter intermedium 60-2G reduces antifungal activity and induction of systemic resistance SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antifungal activity; induced systemic resistance; phosphate solubilization; pyrroloquinoline quinone ID PYRROLO-QUINOLINE-QUINONE; PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLUCONIC ACID; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; CLONING; ACINETOBACTER; BIOCONTROL AB Enterobacter intermedium 60-2G, a phosphate solubilizing bacterium, has the ability to induce systemic resistance in plants against soft rot pathogen Erwinia carotovora. Glucose dehydrogenase, an enzyme that utilizes pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a cofactor, is required for the synthesis of gluconic acid by E. intermedium 60-2G. Here, we report that the pqqA and pqqB genes are required for phosphate solubilization and induced systemic resistance against a soft rot pathogen in tobacco. Mutations in either the pqqA or pqqB gene abolished the production of 2-ketogluconic acid and eliminated the ability of E. intermedium to solubilize hydroxyapatite. Addition of gluconic acid to the growth media restored the ability of the pqqA mutant to produce 2-ketogluconic acid. Interestingly, both pqqA and pqqB mutants of E. intermedium lost their ability to inhibit the growth of the rice pathogen Magnaporthe grisea KI-409. Additionally, induced systemic resistance against the soft rot pathogen was attenuated in the pqq mutants. These functions were restored by complementation with the wild-type pqq gene cluster. Our findings suggest that PQQ plays an important function in beneficial traits including phosphate solubilization, antifungal activity, and induced systemic resistance of E. intermedium, possibly by acting as a cofactor for several enzymes including glucose dehydrogenase. C1 [Han, Song Hee; Kim, Chul Hong; Lee, Jang Hoon; Park, Ju Yeon; Cho, Song Mi; Kim, Kil Yong; Kim, Young Cheol] Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Plant Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Han, Song Hee; Kim, Chul Hong; Lee, Jang Hoon; Park, Ju Yeon; Cho, Song Mi; Kim, Kil Yong; Kim, Young Cheol] Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Park, Seur Kee] Sunchon Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Sunchon, South Korea. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kim, YC (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Plant Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM yckimyc@chonnam.ac.kr NR 29 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 282 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01120.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 282IL UT WOS:000254561000019 PM 18355275 ER PT J AU del Villar, M Rivas, R Peix, A Mateos, PF Martinez-Molina, E van Berkum, P Willems, A Velazquez, E AF del Villar, Maria Rivas, Raul Peix, Alvaro Mateos, Pedro F. Martinez-Molina, Eustoquio van Berkum, Peter Willems, Anne Velazquez, Encarna TI Stable low molecular weight RNA profiling showed variations within Sinorhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium medicae nodulating different legumes from the alfalfa cross-inoculation group SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE LMW RNA; Sinorhizobium; Medicago; Melilotus; Trigonella ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; SP-NOV; STAIRCASE ELECTROPHORESIS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; TUNISIAN SOILS; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB Four different low molecular weight (LMW) RNA profiles, designated I-IV, among 179 isolates from Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella species growing in a field site in Northern Spain were identified. From sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, atpD and recA genes as well as DNA-DNA hybridization analysis with representatives of each LMW RNA profile it was evident that isolates with LMW RNA profiles I and II belonged to Sinorhizobium meliloti and those displaying profiles III and IV to Sinorhizobium medicae. Therefore, two distinct LMW RNA electrophoretic mobility profiles were found within each of these two species. Collectively, LMW RNA profiles I and II (identified as S. meliloti) were predominant in Melilotus alba, Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa. Profiles III and IV (identified as S. medicae) were predominant in Melilotus parviflora, Medicago sphaerocarpa, Medicago lupulina and Trigonella foenum-graecum. All the four LMW RNA profiles were identified among isolates from Trigonella monspelliaca nodules. These results revealed a different specificity by the hosts of the alfalfa cross-inoculation group towards the two bacterial species found in this study. C1 [del Villar, Maria; Rivas, Raul; Mateos, Pedro F.; Martinez-Molina, Eustoquio; Velazquez, Encarna] Univ Salamanca, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Lab 209, Edificio Dept Biol, Salamanca 37007, Spain. [Rivas, Raul; Willems, Anne] Univ Gent KL, Lab Microbiol Vakgroep Biochem Fysiol & Microbiol, Ghent, Belgium. [Peix, Alvaro] IRNASA CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, Madrid, Spain. [van Berkum, Peter] USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Velazquez, E (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Lab 209, Edificio Dept Biol, Campus Miguel Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain. EM evp@usal.es RI Rivas, Raul/B-1869-2017; Peix, Alvaro/A-7196-2010; Willems, Anne/B-2872-2010; Mateos, Pedro/L-6001-2014 OI Rivas, Raul/0000-0003-2202-1470; Peix, Alvaro/0000-0001-5084-1586; Martinez-Molina, Eustoquio/0000-0002-0983-9780; Velazquez, Encarna/0000-0002-5946-7241; Willems, Anne/0000-0002-8421-2881; Mateos, Pedro/0000-0003-1628-598X NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 282 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01139.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 290QS UT WOS:000255137900018 PM 18399993 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Inglett, GE Chen, DJ Biswas, A Eller, FJ Evangelista, RL AF Stevenson, David G. Inglett, George E. Chen, Diejun Biswas, Atanu Eller, Fred J. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of supercritical carbon dioxide-treated and air-classified oat bran concentrate microwave-irradiated in water or ethanol at varying temperatures SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phenolics; antioxidant capacity; oat bran concentrate; Supercritical carbon dioxide; microwave irradiation; solvents ID DIETARY FIBER INTAKE; MILLING FRACTIONS; MILLED FRACTIONS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BETA-GLUCAN; EXTRACTION; WHEAT; L.; BARLEY; STABILITY AB Oat bran concentrate (OBC) was defatted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD), then microwave-irradiated (MI) at 50, 100 or 150 degrees C for 10 min in water, 50% or 100% ethanol, and extract pH, soluble solids, phenolic content (PC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed. OBC was air-classified into five fractions and MI in water at 150 degrees C. OBC without SCD and microwave irradiation was extracted at 22 degrees C. Most effective temperature during microwave irradiation for maximising extraction of PC and AC was 150 degrees C. Defatted OBC in 50% ethanol and MI at 150 degrees C extracted greatest PC and AC. SCD treatment slightly reduced PC and AC. OBC extracted in water or 50% ethanol at 22 degrees C without microwave irradiation had similar PC and AC than OBC MI at 150 degrees C, but much higher levels were observed for latter heat treatment using absolute ethanol. Air-classification shows potential to enhance PC and AC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stevenson, David G.; Inglett, George E.; Chen, Diejun] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Biswas, Atanu] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymers Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Eller, Fred J.; Evangelista, Roque L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proces Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Stevenson@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.060 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 260TM UT WOS:000253033300003 ER PT J AU Luppold, W Bumgardner, M AF Luppold, William Bumgardner, Matthew TI Forty years of hardwood lumber consumption: 1963 to 2002 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An analysis of hardwood lumber consumption found that demand has changed dramatically over the past four decades as a result of material substitution, changes in construction and remodeling product markets, and globalization. In 1963 furniture producers consumed 36 percent of the hardwood lumber used by domestic manufacturers. Producers of hardwood construction and remodeling (CR) products accounted for an additional 32 percent of hardwood lumber consumption with the bulk of this volume being consumed by manufacturers of hardwood flooring. Between 1967 and 1982 hardwood lumber consumption by furniture producers remained relatively constant. By contrast, lumber demand by CR product manufacturers declined by 33 percent as carpeting was substituted for wood flooring. However, this decline in demand was countered by increased production of pallets and crossties, which accounted for 41 percent of hardwood lumber consumption by 1982. In the 1980s and 1990s overall hardwood lumber consumption surged because of increased lumber use by pallet and CR product manufacturers. Since the late 1990s furniture imports have increased while domestic furniture production has declined, thus furniture manufacturers accounted for only 18 percent of domestic hardwood lumber consumption by 2002. By contrast, consumption by the hardwood millwork, cabinet, and flooring sectors have continued to increase, partially offsetting the decreased consumption by the domestic furniture industry. C1 [Luppold, William; Bumgardner, Matthew] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 306UC UT WOS:000256272300002 ER PT J AU Murphy, JA Smith, PM Hansen, BG AF Murphy, Jamie A. Smith, Paul M. Hansen, Bruce G. TI Pennsylvania roundwood purchases and movements by origin and destination SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD SAWMILLING INDUSTRY; FOREST AB A mail survey of all identified roundwood purchasers in Pennsylvania was conducted in 2004 to quantify the roundwood purchasing industry in terms of roundwood volume, origin, destination, roundwood type, and species of 2003 purchases. An adjusted response rate of 50 percent was obtained from the estimated overall population of 334 Pennsylvania roundwood purchasers. Pennsylvania's total roundwood purchase volume in 2003 was estimated at 1.266 BBF, of which 22 percent (284 MMBF) was imported from surrounding states. Pennsylvania roundwood purchasers' imports from surrounding states in 2003 were approximately 4 times greater than their import volumes in 1988, and their exports to surrounding states and other countries of 67 MMBF increased 29 percent since the 1988 study by Wharton and Bearer (1994). Of Pennsylvania's total roundwood purchase volume, 982 MMBF was harvested from within the state; 22 percent of this volume originated in the Allegheny inventory region. Pennsylvania's roundwood purchases were 61 percent sawlogs, 29 percent pulpwood, and 10 percent veneer. The greatest percentage of Pennsylvania roundwood purchases were in red and white oak (35%), followed by hard and soft maple (18%), and black cherry (13%). Eighty-seven percent of Pennsylvania's roundwood purchase volume came from ongoing forestry operations. The results of this study provide the removal volumes for the USDA Forest Service Timber Product Output database, which is part of the Forest Inventory and Analysis program. The study also presents key information characterizing roundwood removals, purchases, and flows into and out of the nation's #1 hardwood lumber producing state. C1 [Murphy, Jamie A.; Smith, Paul M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hansen, Bruce G.] USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Sta, Princeton, WA USA. RP Murphy, JA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jam563@psu.edu; pms6@psu.cdu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 306UC UT WOS:000256272300003 ER PT J AU Pan, F Han, HS Johnson, LR Elliot, WJ AF Pan, Fei Han, Han-Sup Johnson, Leonard R. Elliot, William J. TI Production and cost of harvesting, processing, and transporting small-diameter (<= 5 inches) trees for energy SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Dense, small-diameter stands generally require thinning from below to improve fire-tolerance. The resulting forest biomass can be used for energy production. The cost of harvesting, processing, and transporting small-diameter trees often exceeds revenues due to high costs associated with harvesting and transportation and low market values for forest biomass. Productivity and cost were evaluated in a whole-tree harvesting system on four fuel-reduction thinning treatment units in Arizona. Thinning required removal of trees less than 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH). Time studies were applied to evaluate the harvesting productivities and costs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the effects of different variables on costs. Simulations along with break-even analysis were used to examine the economic feasibility of using forest biomass for energy. Harvest productivity for each machine in the system ranged from 2.31 to 39.32 bone dry tons per productive machine hour (BDT/PMH). Harvest system costs including transportation for 36 miles or less averaged $55.27 per bone dry ton. Hauling cost represented the largest component (47.24%) of the total cost. Close to market operations, reduced off-highway hauling, shortened skidding distance, increased harvest tree size, and improvement in system balance could significantly reduce cost. Below the market value of $40 per bone dry ton for hog fuel, breaking even or realizing profit would remain difficult. Other values, such as reducing fire risks, preventing smoke pollutions, and creating renewable energy sources, should increase the attractiveness of harvesting forest biomass for energy. C1 [Pan, Fei; Johnson, Leonard R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Han, Han-Sup] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Elliot, William J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Sta, Moscow, ID USA. RP Pan, F (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM feipan@vandals.uidaho.edu; hh30@humboldt.edu; ljohnson@uidaho.edu; welliot@fs.efed.us NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 306UC UT WOS:000256272300007 ER PT J AU Hwang, CY Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Hwang, Chin-yin Hse, Chung-yun Shupe, Todd F. TI Effects of raw materials on the properties of wood fiber-polyethylene composites - Part 3: Effect of a compatibilizer and wood adhesive on the interfacial adhesion of wood/plastic composites SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE FIBERS; POLYPROPYLENE AB The objective of this study was to examine the effect of maleated polypropylene compatabilizer on the interfacial properties of wood and polyolefins. Birch wood dowels containing an adhesive applied on the surface were embedded in molten plastic matrices using specially designed jigs. The three plastics investigated included low density polyethylene (LFPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP). The four adhesives used were urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), isocyanate (ISO), and a control group that did not contain any adhesive. A low molecular weight emulsion type MAPP, Epolene (E-43) was used at concentrations of 0 (control), 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent, and 40 percent. Modified single-fiber pull-out tests were performed to investigate the interrelationships between a four-component system of wood-adhesive-compatibilizer-plastic, simulating the interphase of a wood-thermoplastic composite. The interfacial shear strength as measured by the modified single-fiber pull-out test indicated that the overall average interfacial shear strength was highest in PP and lowest in LDPE. ISO-bonded LDPE without E-43 treatment showed the highest interfacial shear strength among all other LDPE composites. The E-43-treated wood surfaces without adhesive displayed overall superior performance than all adhesive-bonded LLDPE. Addition of E-43 greatly enhanced the interfacial shear strength for all plastic types, except for ISO-bonded LDPE and LLDPE. The effect of E-43 was most pronounced in PP and less in LDPE and LLDPE. Adhesive failure prevailed in LDPE and LLDPE composites while PP showed predominately cohesive failures in the wood dowel or in the plastic matrix. C1 [Hwang, Chin-yin] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Forest Chem Div, Taipei, Taiwan. [Hse, Chung-yun] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Sta, Pineville, LA USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hwang, CY (reprint author), Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Forest Chem Div, Taipei, Taiwan. EM chinyin@mail.tfri.gov.tw; chse@fs.fed.us; tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 306UC UT WOS:000256272300010 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE AF Booth, D. Terrance Cox, Samuel E. TI Image-based monitoring to measure ecological change in rangeland SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID GROUND-COVER; VEGETATION; SHORTGRASS; QUADRATS AB High-resolution, image-based methods can increase the speed and accuracy of ecological monitoring while reducing monitoring costs. We evaluated the efficacy of systematic aerial and ground sampling protocols to detect stocking-rate differences across 130 ha of shortgrass prairie. Manual (SamplePoint) and automated (spectral) image-analysis methods were compared for both aerial and ground data. Vegetative cover changes due to grazing were detectable from 1-mm ground sample distance (GSD, a measure of resolution) digital aerial photography with as few as 30 samples yielding enough data to predict bare ground within +/- 5%. We found poor agreement between automated and manual image-analysis methods, but good agreement between manual analyses of imagery from the air (100 m above ground level [AGL]) and from the ground (2 m AGL). We conclude that cover measurements made using SamplePoint from 1-mm GSD images (from 2 or 100 m AGL) can detect ecologically important changes in key indicators such as bare ground. The costs of ground and aerial methods differ markedly, and we suggest that aerial imagery is most cost effective for areas larger than 200 ha. C1 [Booth, D. Terrance; Cox, Samuel E.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM terry.booth@ars.usda-gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1890/070095 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294MC UT WOS:000255409100018 ER PT J AU Umeh, VC Garcia, LE De Meyer, M AF Umeh, Vincent C. Garcia, Loyd E. De Meyer, Mark TI Fruit flies of citrus in Nigeria: species diversity, relative abundance and spread in major producing areas SO FRUITS LA English DT Article DE Nigeria; Citrus; fruit-damaging insects; Tephritidae; Ceratitis; Bactrocera; Dacus umehi; identification; cultivation; traps ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Introduction. Fruit fly attack on citrus causes economic yield losses in Nigeria. The high demand for sweet oranges in recent times necessitates the need to develop control strategies that can reduce fruit fly damage and ameliorate yield. This can be achieved by identifying the diversity, abundance and spread of major sweet orange fruit flies. Materials and methods. Surveys were conducted during the citrus fruit maturity periods of 2003 and 2006 in citrus-producing areas of Nigeria. Owners of the sampled orchards were interviewed on their cultural practices that could contribute to fruit fly abundance and spread. The fruit flies were sampled by using two types of trap; namely, the McPhail(R) trap with yeast hydrolysate bait and the yellow sticky trap impregnated with ammonium acetate. The traps were hung on the citrus trees at a distance of 1.8 m from the ground. The distance between trees was 25 m and the traps were replicated three times per site. Results and discussion. Fruit flies identified on citrus belonged to the genera Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus and Trirhithrum. While higher fruit fly diversity was observed in Edo, Ogun and Oyo states in the rainforest ecological zone, relatively higher populations of major genera ( Bactrocera and Ceratitis) were recorded in Benue and Kaduna states in the Guinea savanna ecological zone. Bactrocera species occurrence increased during the second sampling period. Some farmers' cultural practices were implicated as factors likely to have contributed to fruit fly abundance and spread. Conclusion. Fruit fly species of economic importance to citrus in Nigeria belonged to the genera Ceratitis and Bactrocera species. These genera were observed in the majority of surveyed areas. C1 [Umeh, Vincent C.] Natl Hort Res Inst, Jericho Reservat Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Garcia, Loyd E.] USDA, PPQ, APHIS, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [De Meyer, Mark] R Mus Centr Afr, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. RP Umeh, VC (reprint author), Natl Hort Res Inst, Jericho Reservat Area, PMB 5432, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM vumeha@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0248-1294 J9 FRUITS JI Fruits PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1051/fruits:2008004 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 302DE UT WOS:000255948200003 ER PT J AU Huo, NX Lazo, GR Vogel, JP You, FM Ma, YQ Hayde, DM Coleman-Derr, D Hill, TA Dvorak, J Anderson, OD Luo, MC Gu, YQ AF Huo, Naxin Lazo, Gerard R. Vogel, John P. You, Frank M. Ma, Yaqin Hayde, Daniel M. Coleman-Derr, Devin Hill, Theresa A. Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Q. TI The nuclear genome of Brachypodium distachyon: analysis of BAC end sequences SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium; BAC; genome; retrotransposons; phylogeny; SSR ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; LTR-RETROTRANSPOSONS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; GRASS GENOMES; RICE GENOME; EVOLUTION; GENES AB Due in part to its small genome (similar to 350 Mb), Brachypodium distachyon is emerging as a model system for temperate grasses, including important crops like wheat and barley. We present the analysis of 10.9% of the Brachypodium genome based on 64,696 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences (BES). Analysis of repeat DNA content in BES revealed that approximately 11.0% or the genome consists of known repetitive DNA. The vast majority of the Brachypodium repetitive elements are LTR retrotransposons. While Bare-1 retrotransposons are common to wheat and barley, Brachypodium repetitive element sequence-1 (BRES-1), closely related to Bare-1, is also abundant in Brachypodium. Moreover, unique Brachypodium repetitive element sequences identified constitute approximately 7.4% of its genome. Simple sequence repeats from BES were analyzed, and flanking primer sequences for SSR detection potentially useful for genetic mapping are available at http:// brachypodium.pw.usda.gov. Sequence analyses of BES indicated that approximately 21.2% of the Brachypodium genome represents coding sequence. Furthermore, Brachypodium BES have more significant matches to ESTs from wheat than rice or maize, although these species have similar sizes of EST collections. A phylogenetic analysis based on 335 sequences shared among seven grass species further revealed a closer relationship between Brachypodium and Triticeae than Brachypodium and rice or maize. C1 [Huo, Naxin; Lazo, Gerard R.; Vogel, John P.; Hayde, Daniel M.; Coleman-Derr, Devin; Hill, Theresa A.; Anderson, Olin D.; Gu, Yong Q.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [You, Frank M.; Ma, Yaqin; Dvorak, Jan; Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ygu@pw.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 NR 54 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10142-007-0062-7 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 285UC UT WOS:000254800700005 PM 17985162 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Zhang, ZC Fellers, JP Gill, BS AF Faris, Justin D. Zhang, Zengcui Fellers, John P. Gill, Bikram S. TI Micro-colinearity between rice, Brachypodium, and Triticum monococcum at the wheat domestication locus Q SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; comparative genomics; colinearity; rice brachypodium ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENE-Q; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; GRASS GENOMES; REGION; MICROCOLINEARITY; DISTACHYON; NUCLEAR AB Brachypodium, a wild temperate grass with a small genome, was recently proposed as a new model organism for the large-genome grasses. In this Study, we evaluated gene content and microcolinearity between diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum), Brachypodium sylvaticum, and rice at a local genomic region harboring the major wheat domestication gene Q. Gene density was much lower in T monococcum (one per 41 kb) because of gene duplication and an abundance of transposable elements within intergenic regions as compared to B. sylvaticum (one per 14 kb) and rice (one per 10 kb). For the Q gene region, microcolinearity was more conserved between wheat and rice than between wheat and Brachypodium because B. sylvaticum contained two genes apparently not present within the orthologous regions of T monococcum and rice. However, phylogenetic analysis of Q and leukotriene A-4 hydrolase-like gene orthologs, which were colinear among the three species, showed that Brachypodium is more closely related to wheat than rice, which agrees with previous studies. We conclude that Brachypodium will be a useful tool for gene discovery, comparative genomics, and the Study of evolutionary relationships among the grasses but will not preclude the need to conduct large-scale genomics experiments in the Triticeae. C1 [Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Zhang, Zengcui] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Fellers, John P.] Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM justin.faris@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s10142-008-0073-z PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 285UC UT WOS:000254800700006 PM 18210171 ER PT J AU Wu, ZD Soliman, KM Bolton, JJ Saba, S Jenkins, JN AF Wu, Zhengdao Soliman, Khairy M. Bolton, James J. Saba, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. TI Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with cotton fiber development in a chromosomal substitution line (CS-B22sh) SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE cotton fiber gene; SSH; microarrays; real time RT-PCR ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; BINDING PROTEINS; CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; UPLAND COTTON; ALPHA-TUBULIN; ARABIDOPSIS AB One of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development. Availability of chromosome arm substitution line CS-B22sh (chromosome 22 short arm substitution from 3-79 (Gossypium barbadense) into a TM-1 (Gossypium hirsutum) background) provides a novel opportunity to study fiber-associated genes because previous studies revealed this line was associated with some superior fiber quality traits compared to TM-1. We used an integrated approach of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), microarray, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technologies to identify the potential genes associated with fiber development. Utilizing mRNAs from 15 days post-anthesis (dpa) fibers, we constructed a SSH cDNA library with chromosome substitution line CS-B22sh as the tester and TM-1 as the driver. The SSH cDNA library was screened using microarrays. Microarray analysis showed that 36 genes were differentially expressed in CS-B22sh 15-dpa fiber compared to TM-1 as confirmed by real time RT-PCR. These genes include two beta-tubulins, an actin, a putative kinesin light chain, a cellulose synthase, glycosyl hydrolase family 3 protein, pyruvate decarboxylase, glycoside hydrolase family 5, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, dynamin-like protein, annexin, and a number of genes involved in signal transduction, and protein, nucleic acid, and lipid metabolisms. To our knowledge, this is the first report on identification of differentially expressed fiber-associated genes in a cotton chromosomal substitution line. C1 [Wu, Zhengdao; Soliman, Khairy M.; Bolton, James J.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Natl Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Saba, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Soliman, KM (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Natl Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM khairy.soliman@aamu.edu NR 58 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10142-007-0064-5 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 285UC UT WOS:000254800700007 PM 18043952 ER PT J AU Kohn, LM Schaffer, MR Anderson, JB Grunwald, NJ AF Kohn, Linda M. Schaffer, Michelle R. Anderson, James B. Grunwald, Niklaus J. TI Marker stability throughout 400 days of in vitro hyphal growth in the filamentous ascomycete, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vegetative incompatibility; AFLP; RFLP; microsatellite; experimental evolution ID POPULATIONS; PATHOGEN; MUTATION; RATES AB The stability of routinely used, population genetic markers through approximately I year of continuous laboratory growth was investigated in the common, plant pathogentic ascomycete Selerotinia sclerotiorum. Given reports of accelerated mutation rates at higher temperatures, both a permissive temperature, 22 degrees C, and a temperature at the high end of tolerance, 30 degrees C, were employed. Because mycelial growth rate was tracked among mitotic lineages established for each strain, a subsidiary objective was addressed, testing the stability of a 30 degrees C-competent phenotype. Twelve laboratory strains of S. sclerotiorum, including the genome sequence isolate, 1980, were propagated serially for up to 400 days at 22 degrees C. Five of these strains were also propagated at 30 degrees C. No mutations were observed in mycelial compatibility groupings (MCGs), DNA fingerprints, alleles at 7 microsatellite loci, or alleles at 56 AFLP loci. All of these markers show variation in field populations, which are likely much larger and influenced by different and more stochastic environmental processes. In S. sclerotiorum, population genetic markers were stable over time through serial transfer and growth of laboratory strains at both 22 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The strain isolated after extended drought and capable of infecting plants at 28 degrees C demonstrated the stability of its high temperature-competent phenotype, in addition to its stable growth rate at 22 degrees C. This observation has implications for modeling pathogen tolerance or adaptation under conditions of environmental stochasticity, including climate warming. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kohn, Linda M.; Schaffer, Michelle R.; Anderson, James B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Kohn, LM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 3359 Mississauga Rd N, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM linda.kohn@utoronto.ca RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 613 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.09.013 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 290WN UT WOS:000255153600004 PM 17996469 ER PT J AU Torriani, SFF Goodwin, SB Kema, GHJ Pangilinan, JL McDonald, BA AF Torriani, Stefano F. F. Goodwin, Stephen B. Kema, Gert H. J. Pangilinan, Jasmyn L. McDonald, Bruce A. TI Intraspecific comparison and annotation of two complete mitochondrial genome sequences from the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative genomics; genome organization; microsatellites; mitochondrial genome (mtDNA); Septoria tritici ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; SEPTORIA-TRITICI BLOTCH; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR; DIVERSITY; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB The mitochondrial genomes of two isolates of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola were sequenced completely and compared to identify polymorphic regions. This organism is of interest because it is phylogenctically distant from other fungi with sequenced mitochondrial genomes and it has shown discordant patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial diversity. The mitochondrial genome of M. graminicola is a circular molecule of approximately 43,960 bp containing the typical genes coding for 14 proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, one RNA polymerase, two rRNA genes and a set of 27 tRNAs. The mitochondrial DNA of M. graminicola lacks the gene encoding the putative ribosomal protein (rps5-like), commonly found in fungal mitochondrial genomes. Most of the tRNA genes were clustered with a gene order conserved with many other ascomycetes. A sample of 35 additional strains representing the known global mt diversity was partially sequenced to measure overall mitochondrial variability within the species. Little variation was found, confirming previous RFLP-based findings of low mitochondrial diversity. The mitochondrial sequence of M. graminicola is the first reported from the family Mycosphaerellaceae or the order Capnodiales. The sequence also provides a tool to better understand the development of fungicide resistance and the conflicting pattern of high nuclear and low mitochondrial diversity in global populations of this fungus. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Torriani, Stefano F. F.; McDonald, Bruce A.] ETH Zurich LFW, Inst Integrat Biol, Plant Pathol Grp, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Goodwin, Stephen B.] USDA ARS, Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kema, Gert H. J.] Plant Res Int BV, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Pangilinan, Jasmyn L.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP McDonald, BA (reprint author), ETH Zurich LFW, Inst Integrat Biol, Plant Pathol Grp, Univ Str 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM bruce.mcdonald@agrl.ethz.ch RI McDonald, Bruce/A-2748-2008; OI McDonald, Bruce/0000-0002-5332-2172; Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 NR 62 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.12.005 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 290WN UT WOS:000255153600006 PM 18226935 ER PT J AU Camadro, EL Saffarano, SK Espinillo, JC Castro, M Simon, PW AF Camadro, Elsa Lucila Saffarano, Sandra Karina Espinillo, Juan Carlos Castro, Mateo Simon, Phillip W. TI Cytological mechanisms of 2n pollen formation in the wild potato Solanum okadae and pollen-pistil relations with the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE first Division Restitution 2n pollen; interspecific hybridization; pollen-pistil relations; tuber-bearing Solanum AB Solanum okadae Hawkes et Hjert is a wild diploid potato species endemic to Argentina and Bolivia, of potential breeding value. However, no genetic studies have been carried out with this species and its crossability relations with the common tetraploid potato, S. tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum, are unknown. Furthermore, accessions from both countries differed in their morphological phenotypes. To ascertain the feasibility of incorporating this wild germplasm into cultivated potato, 2n pollen screening was carried out in 10 accessions and families derived from crosses between accessions; also, pollen-pistil compatibility relations were studied in reciprocal interspecific crosses. Plants of four of the 10 accessions produced 2n pollen (0.1 to 5.0%) and 4n pollen (0.0 to 3.0%). Parallel and tripolar spindles at Anaphase II were the cytological mechanisms involved in 2n pollen formation; lack of chromosome migration in both meiotic divisions originated the 4n pollen. Both full compatibility and incompatibility at various sites along the pistil were observed in the S. tuberosum x S. okadae combinations; most reciprocal combinations were incompatible. Compatible genotypes produced 2n pollen. However, only a few seeds were obtained and chromosome counts could not be carried out in the hybrid progeny because seedlings died at an early stage. The pollen-pistil barriers are incomplete and can be circumvented by the appropiate choice of parents. The identification of the post-zygotic barriers will be the focus of further studies. C1 [Camadro, Elsa Lucila] UNMdP, Genet Lab, EEA, RA-7620 Balcarce, Bs As, Argentina. UNMdP, FCA, RA-7620 Balcarce, Bs As, Argentina. [Camadro, Elsa Lucila] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Simon, Phillip W.] USDA, ARS, Madison, WI USA. UNMdP, INTA, RA-7620 Balcarce, Bs As, Argentina. RP Camadro, EL (reprint author), UNMdP, Genet Lab, EEA, CC 276, RA-7620 Balcarce, Bs As, Argentina. EM ecamadro@balcarce.inta.gov.ar NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s10722-007-9254-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 288AP UT WOS:000254958900013 ER PT J AU Zimmer, SL Fei, ZJ Stern, DB AF Zimmer, Sara L. Fei, Zhangjun Stern, David B. TI Genome-based analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exoribonucleases and poly(A) polymerases predicts unexpected organellar and exosomal features SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST MESSENGER-RNA; POLYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; PREFERENTIAL DEGRADATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT AB Enzymes from several gene families modify RNA molecules at their extremities. These reactions occur in several cellular compartments and affect every class of RNA. To assess the diversity of a subclass of these enzymes, we searched Chlamydomonas for open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding exoribonucleases, poly(A) polymerases, and proteins known to associate with and/or regulate them. The ORFs were further analyzed for indications of protein localization to the nucleus, cytosol, mitochondrion, and/or chloroplast. By comparing predicted proteins with homologs in Arabidopsis and yeast, we derived several tentative conclusions regarding RNA 5'- and 3'-end metabolism in Chlamydomonas. First, the alga possesses only one each of the following likely organellar enzymes: polynucleotide phosphorylase, hydrolytic exoribonuclease, poly(A) polymerase, and CCA transferase, a surprisingly small complement. Second, although the core of the nuclear/cytosolic exosome decay complex is well conserved, neither nucleus-specific activators nor the cytosolic exosome activators are present. Finally, Our discovery of nine non-canonical poly(A) polymerases, a divergent family retaining the catalytic domains of conventional poly(A) polymerases, leads to the hypothesis that polyadenylation may play an especially important regulatory role throughout the Chlamydomonas cell, stabilizing some transcripts and targeting degradation machinery to others. C1 [Fei, Zhangjun; Stern, David B.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zimmer, Sara L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Stern, DB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ds28@cornell.edu NR 89 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 179 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.086223 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 307IG UT WOS:000256312000012 PM 18493045 ER PT J AU Collins, NC Shirley, NJ Saeed, M Pallotta, M Gustafson, JP AF Collins, N. C. Shirley, N. J. Saeed, M. Pallotta, M. Gustafson, J. P. TI An ALMT1 gene cluster controlling aluminum tolerance at the Alt4 locus of rye (Secale cereale L.) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; MALATE TRANSPORTER; INDUCED SECRETION; WHEAT; BARLEY; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; TRITICALE; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE AB Aluminum toxicity is a major problem in agriculture worldwide. Among the cultivated Triticeae, rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most Al tolerant and represents an important potential source of Al tolerance for improvement of wheat. The Alt4 Al-tolerance locus of rye contains a cluster of genes homologous to the single-copy (Al) under bar -activated (m) under bar alate (t) under bar ransporter (TaALMT1) Al-tolerance gene of wheat. Tolerant (M39A-1-6) and intolerant (M77A-1) rye haplotypes contain five and two genes, respectively, of which two (ScALMTI-M39.1 and ScALMT1-M39.2) and one (ScALMT1-M77.1) are highly expressed in the root tip, typically the main site of plant A] tolerance/susceptibility. All three transcripts are upregulated by exposure to Al. High-resolution genetic mapping identified two resistant lines resulting front recombination within the gene cluster. These recombinants exclude all genes flanking the gene cluster as candidates for controlling Alt4 tolerance, including a homolog of the barley HvMATE Al-tolerance gene. In the recombinants, one hybrid gene containing a chimeric open reading frame and the ScALMTI-M39.1 gene each appeared to be Sufficient to provide full tolerance. mRNA splice variation was observed for two of the rye ALMT1 genes and in one case, was correlated with a similar to 400-bp insertion in an intron. C1 [Collins, N. C.; Shirley, N. J.; Saeed, M.; Pallotta, M.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Gustafson, J. P.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Collins, NC (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Waite Campus,PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM nick.collins@acpfg.com.au NR 51 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 22 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 179 IS 1 BP 669 EP 682 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.083451 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 307IG UT WOS:000256312000057 PM 18493079 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Nagarkatti, S Loeb, G Saunders, MC AF Tobin, Patrick C. Nagarkatti, Sudha Loeb, Greg Saunders, Michael C. TI Historical and projected interactions between climate change and insect voltinism in a multivoltine species SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; diapause; insect population dynamics; phenology; photoperiod; seasonality; voltinism ID GRAPE BERRY MOTH; DIAPAUSE MAINTENANCE; WEIBULL FUNCTION; VITEANA CLEMENS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; PHENOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; TERMINATION; HERBIVORES AB Climate change can cause major changes to the dynamics of individual species and to those communities in which they interact. One effect of increasing temperatures is on insect voltinism, with the logical assumption that increases in surface temperatures would permit multivoltine species to increase the number of generations per year. Though insect development is primarily driven by temperature, most multivoltine insect species rely on photoperiodic cues, which do not change from year-to-year or in response to climate warming, to initiate diapause. Thus, the relationship between climate change and voltinism could be complex. We use a phenology model for grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), which incorporates temperature-dependent development and diapause termination, and photoperiod-dependent diapause induction, to explore historical patterns in year-to-year voltinism fluctuations. We then extend this model to predict voltinism under varying scenarios of climate change to show the importance of both the quality and quantity of accumulated heat units. We also illustrate that increases in mean surface temperatures > 2 degrees C can have dramatic effects on insect voltinism by causing a shift in the ovipositional period that currently is subject to diapause-inducing photoperiods. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.] USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Nagarkatti, Sudha; Saunders, Michael C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Loeb, Greg] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01561.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295GS UT WOS:000255463600001 ER PT J AU Philips, RL Beeri, O AF Philips, Rebecca L. Beeri, Ofer TI Scaling-up knowledge of growing-season net ecosystem exchange for long-term assessment of North Dakota grasslands under the Conservation Reserve Program SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; ASTER; biomass; C; N ratio; carbon; climate; Landsat; monitoring; NEE ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LINEAR-REGRESSION; CARBON EXCHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; PRAIRIE; MODELS; FLUXES; WATER; RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Scaling-up knowledge of land-atmosphere net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from a single experimental site to numerous perennial grass fields in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) requires appropriate scaling protocols. We addressed this problem using synoptic data available from the Landsat sensor for 10 growing seasons (April 15 to September 30) over a North Dakota field-site, where we continuously measured CO2 exchange using a Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) system. NEE observed during the growing season at our field-site from 1997 to 2006 vacillated with drought and deluge, with net carbon (C) losses to the atmosphere in 2006. We used stepwise linear regression with 10 years of Landsat and NEE data to construct and validate a model for estimating grassland growing-season NEE from field to landscape scales. Eighty-nine percent of the variability in NEE was explained by year, live biomass, carbon : nitrogen ratio, day of image acquisition, and annual precipitation. We then applied this model on 20 620 ha of North Dakota perennial grass fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), including 1272 fields east of the Missouri River and 165 fields west-river. Growing-season NEE for individual CRP fields was highly variable from 1997 to 2006, ranging from -366 to 692 g C m(-2) growing season(-1). Mean annual growing-season fluxes over 10 years for CRP fields located east-river and west-river were 317 g C m(-2) growing season(-1) and 239 g C m(-2) growing season(-1), respectively. Average cumulative growing-season NEE modeled for fields east- and west-river diverged from one another in 2002-2006, when west-river fields received < 70% of the long-term annual average precipitation during these years. Results indicate assessment of conservation practices on grassland CO2 exchange during the growing season can be remotely estimated at field and landscape scales under variable environmental conditions and should be followed up with similar, spatially explicit investigations of NEE during the dormant season. C1 [Philips, Rebecca L.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Beeri, Ofer] Univ N Dakota, John D Odegard Sch Aerosp Sci, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Philips, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1008 EP 1017 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01550.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295GS UT WOS:000255463600006 ER PT J AU Dion, V Lin, Y Hubert, L Waterland, RA Wilson, JH AF Dion, Vincent Lin, Yunfu Hubert, Leroy, Jr. Waterland, Robert A. Wilson, John H. TI Dnmt1 deficiency promotes CAG repeat expansion in the mouse germline SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE-1; EPIGENETIC GENE-REGULATION; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; DNA METHYLATION; MYOTONIC-DYSTROPHY; TRIPLET REPEAT; TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE AB Expanded CAG repeat tracts are the cause of at least a dozen neurodegenerative disorders. In humans, long CAG repeats tend to expand during transmissions from parent to offspring, leading to an earlier age of disease onset and more severe symptoms in subsequent generations. Here, we show that the maintenance DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1, which preserves the patterns of CpG methylation, plays a key role in CAG repeat instability in human cells and in the male and female mouse germlines. SiRNA knockdown of Dnmt1 in human cells destabilized CAG triplet repeats, and Dnmt1 deficiency in mice promoted intergenerational expansion of CAG repeats at the murine spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (Sca1) locus. Importantly, Dnmt1(+/-) SCA1 mice, unlike their Dnmt1(+/+) SCA1 counterparts, closely reproduced the intergenerational instability patterns observed in human SCA1 patients. In addition, we found aberrant DNA and histone methylation at sites within the CpG island that abuts the expanded repeat tract in Dnmt1-deficient mice. These studies suggest that local chromatin structure may play a role in triplet repeat instability. These results are consistent with normal epigenetic changes during germline development contributing to intergenerational instability of CAG repeats in mice and in humans. C1 [Dion, Vincent; Lin, Yunfu; Hubert, Leroy, Jr.; Wilson, John H.] Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wilson, JH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jwilson@bcm.edu RI lin, yunfu/C-4813-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38219, R01 GM038219] NR 78 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1306 EP 1317 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddn019 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 290VR UT WOS:000255151300011 PM 18252747 ER PT J AU Holser, RA Akin, DE AF Holser, Ronald A. Akin, Danny E. TI Extraction of lipids from flax processing waste using hot ethanol SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE cuticle; ethanol; extraction; flax; lipids ID FIBERS; PLANT AB The cuticle of flax stems contains lipids that provide a protective barrier to pathogens and control moisture loss. These lipids include wax esters and long chain fatty alcohols or policosanols. Cuticle fragments generated during several different fiber processing operations retain these lipid compounds that represent a potential co-product. Samples of flax shives (i.e., lignified core tissues), processing dust, and cuticular fractions recovered from enzyme retting waste water were extracted on a laboratory scale with hot ethanol to remove the lipid compounds. Ethanol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the amount and type of lipids recovered. The results demonstrated that hot ethanol effectively extracted the lipid compounds from cuticle fragments in all these samples. When the extract was cooled, the longer chain wax esters (i.e., chain length of 44 carbon atoms or larger) precipitated and could be separated from the shorter chain lipid components (i.e., fatty alcohols and aldehydes less than 44 carbons). Similar results were obtained using absolute ethanol or 95% ethanol (aqueous). This technique provides a very economical method to recover lipid fractions as potential value-added co-product from flax processing waste. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holser, Ronald A.; Akin, Danny E.] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 236 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.09.002 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 295IB UT WOS:000255467100002 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Parris, N AF Dickey, Leland C. Kurantz, Michael J. Parris, Nicholas TI Oil separation from wet-milled corn germ dispersions by aqueous oil extraction and aqueous enzymatic oil extraction SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE corn germ; oil-seed processing; dry-grind modifications; oil seed aging ID RECOVERY AB The many recent dry-grind plants that convert corn to ethanol are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. Oil separation from corn germ by aqueous extraction (AE) was studied. Batches of 5-20% germ, in a buffer solution were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a blender or colloid mill, churned in an incubator/shaker and centrifuged to separate a free oil fraction. The highest oil yields were obtained when the germ mass fraction was between 0.1 and 0.16. Addition of an enzyme solution to the ground germ suspension prior to churning, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) gave an oil yield twice as high as the AE yield, carried out using similar conditions. Both types of extraction produced the most oil after a 122 degrees C cook followed by churning at 160 rpm and 70 degrees C. Oil yield increased linearly with dispersion loading, from 0.5 up to 1.0 g/cm(2) based on beaker cross-section (0.09-0.12 germ mass fraction). Over a several month period the germ used for the extractions became more difficult to extract, despite storage at 4 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dickey, Leland C.; Kurantz, Michael J.; Parris, Nicholas] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM leland.dickey@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.11.006 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 295IB UT WOS:000255467100011 ER PT J AU Noh, SM Brayton, KA Brown, WC Norimine, J Munske, GR Davitt, CM Palmer, GH AF Noh, Susan M. Brayton, Kelly A. Brown, Wendy C. Norimine, Junzo Munske, Gerhard R. Davitt, Christine M. Palmer, Guy H. TI Composition of the surface proteome of Anaplasma marginale and its role in protective immunity induced by outer membrane immunization SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TICK CELL-CULTURE; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEINS; CATTLE; PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; IDENTIFICATION; ESTABLISHMENT AB Surface proteins of tick-borne, intracellular bacterial pathogens mediate functions essential for invasion and colonization. Consequently, the surface proteome of these organisms is specifically relevant from two biological perspectives, induction of protective immunity in the mammalian host and understanding the transition from the mammalian host to the tick vector. In this study, the surface proteome of Anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen, was targeted by using surface-specific cross-linking to form intermolecular bonds between adjacent proteins. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy were then employed to characterize the specific protein composition of the resulting complexes. The surface complexes of A. marginale isolated from erythrocytes of the mammalian host were composed of multiple membrane proteins, most of which belong to a protein family, pfam01617, which is conserved among bacteria in the genus Anaplasma and the closely related genus Ehrlichia. In contrast, the surface proteome of A. marginale isolated from tick cells was much less complex and contained a novel protein, AM778, not identified within the surface proteome of organisms from the mammalian host. Immunization using the cross-linked surface complex induced protection against high-level bacteremia and anemia upon A. marginale challenge of cattle and effectively recapitulated the protection induced by immunization with whole outer membranes. These results indicate that a surface protein subset of the outer membrane is capable of inducing protective immunity and serves to direct vaccine development. Furthermore, the data support that remodeling of the surface proteome accompanies the transition between mammalian and arthropod hosts and identify novel targets for blocking transmission. C1 [Noh, Susan M.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brayton, Kelly A.; Brown, Wendy C.; Norimine, Junzo; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Davitt, Christine M.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Munske, Gerhard R.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Noh, SM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM snoh@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 S10 RR017805-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI44005, K08 AI052412, R01 AI053692, T32 AI007025, R01 AI044005] NR 34 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 76 IS 5 BP 2219 EP 2226 DI 10.1128/IAI.00008-08 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 292LJ UT WOS:000255267200047 PM 18316389 ER PT J AU Khan, IA Hakak, R Eberle, K Sayles, P Weiss, LM Urban, JF AF Khan, Imtiaz A. Hakak, Rubeena Eberle, Karen Sayles, Peter Weiss, Louis M. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Coinfection with Heligmosomoides polygrus fails to establish CD8(+) T-cell immunity against Toxoplasma gondii (vol 76, pg 1305, 2008) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Correction C1 [Khan, Imtiaz A.; Hakak, Rubeena; Eberle, Karen; Sayles, Peter; Weiss, Louis M.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol & Trop Med & Immunol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Khan, Imtiaz A.; Hakak, Rubeena; Eberle, Karen; Sayles, Peter; Weiss, Louis M.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Khan, Imtiaz A.; Hakak, Rubeena; Eberle, Karen; Sayles, Peter; Weiss, Louis M.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] Trudeau Inst Inc, Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA. [Khan, Imtiaz A.; Hakak, Rubeena; Eberle, Karen; Sayles, Peter; Weiss, Louis M.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med & Pathol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Khan, Imtiaz A.; Hakak, Rubeena; Eberle, Karen; Sayles, Peter; Weiss, Louis M.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Khan, IA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol & Trop Med & Immunol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 76 IS 5 BP 2256 EP 2256 DI 10.1128/IAI.00277-08 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 292LJ UT WOS:000255267200052 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, D Pettis, JS Neumann, P AF Hoffmann, D. Pettis, J. S. Neumann, P. TI Potential host shift of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) to bumblebee colonies (Bombus impatiens) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; bumblebees; host shift; invasive species; parasites ID APIS-MELLIFERA-CAPENSIS; SOCIAL ENCAPSULATION; MURRAY COLEOPTERA; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; NITIDULIDAE; BEES; HONEYBEES; INVASIONS; AFRICAN; EGGS AB Here we explored the potential for host shift from honeybee, Apis mellifera, colonies to bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, colonies by the small hive beetle, a nest parasite/scavenger native to sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated small hive beetle host choice, bumblebee colony defence as well as individual defensive behaviour of honeybee and bumblebee workers. Our findings show that in its new range in North America, bumblebees are potential alternate hosts for the small hive beetle. We found that small hive beetles do invade bumblebee colonies and readily oviposit there. Honeybee colonies are not preferred over bumblebee colonies. But even though bumblebees lack a co-evolutionary history with the small hive beetle, they are able to defend their colonies against this nest intruder by removal of beetle eggs and larvae and stinging of the latter. Hence, the observed behavioural mechanisms must be part of a generalistic defence system suitable for defence against multiple attackers. Nevertheless, there are quantitative (worker force) and qualitative differences (hygienic behaviour) between A. mellifera and B. impatiens. C1 [Hoffmann, D.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Zool, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Pettis, J. S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Neumann, P.] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, P.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Neumann, P.] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. RP Hoffmann, D (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Zool, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. EM dorothee.hoffmann@googlemail.com NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 55 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s00040-008-0982-9 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 307KJ UT WOS:000256317500008 ER EF