FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, M Andersen, C Riebau, A AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael Andersen, Christian Riebau, Allen BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Wildland Fires and Air Pollution Introduction SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Andersen, Christian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Riebau, Allen] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; marbaugh@fs.fed.us; Andersen.Christian@epamail.epa.gov; ariebau@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP XLV EP XLVII PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800002 ER PT S AU Ottmar, RD Miranda, AI Sandberg, DV AF Ottmar, Roger D. Miranda, Ana Isabel Sandberg, David V. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Characterizing Sources of Emissions from Wildland Fires SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE GAS; FUELS AB Smoke emissions from wildland fire can be harmful to human health and welfare, impair visibility, and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. The generation of emissions and heat release need to be characterized to estimate the potential impacts of wildland fire smoke. This requires explicit knowledge of the source, including size of the area burned, burn period, characteristics and condition of the fuels, amount of fuel consumed, and emission factors for specific pollutants. Although errors and uncertainties arise in the process of estimating emissions, the largest errors are related to the characteristics of the fuels and amount of fuel consumed during the combustion phase. We describe the process of characterizing emissions and review the knowledge and predictive models currently available for performing the calculations. The information can be used by scientists, regulators, and land managers to improve the approach needed to define the emissions source strength for improved air quality and impact assessments. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, GEMAC, Dep Ambiente & Ordenamento, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us; miranda@ua.pt; sandbergd@peak.org NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6; 978-0-08-055609-3 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00003-X PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800005 ER PT S AU Urbanski, SP Hao, WM Baker, S AF Urbanski, Shawn P. Hao, Wei Min Baker, Stephen BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Chemical Composition of Wildland Fire Emissions SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AFRICAN SAVANNA FIRES; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FOREST-FIRE; PARTICLES; SMOKE; BRAZIL AB Wildland fires are major sources of trace gases and aerosol, and these emissions are believed to significantly influence the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the earth's climate system. The wide variety of pollutants released by wildland fire include greenhouse gases, photochemically reactive compounds, and fine and coarse particulate matter. Through direct emissions and secondary chemical and physical processes, wildland fire can have a significant impact on tropospheric chemistry and serve as a major source of air pollution. We provide a synthesis of emission factor data from the literature and previously unpublished research for use in global, continental and regional scale studies investigating the role of wildland fire emissions in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The emission factor data is presented by geographic zones (boreal, temperate, and tropical) and vegetation group (forest and savanna/rangeland), allowing researchers to account for the different emission characteristics exhibited by biomass burning in these disparate regions. A brief overview of the wildland fuel combustion process as related to emissions production is also provided. The atmospheric fate of wildland fire emissions is briefly discussed and related to the production of secondary air pollutants. Previously unpublished results from a series of fire emission studies in the United States and Canada are presented in an appendix. C1 [Urbanski, Shawn P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Hao, Wei Min; Baker, Stephen] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Urbanski, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS Fire Sci Lab, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM surbanski@fs.fed.us; whao@fs.fed.us; sbaker03@fs.fed.us NR 100 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6; 978-0-08-055609-3 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 79 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00004-1 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800006 ER PT S AU Conard, SG Solomon, AM AF Conard, Susan G. Solomon, Allen M. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Effects of Wildland Fire on Regional and Global Carbon Stocks in a Changing Environment SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; SCOTS PINE FORESTS; SOIL CO2 FLUX; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; METHANE OXIDATION; RADIATIVE ENERGY; INTERIOR ALASKA AB Every year tens of millions of hectares of forests, woodlands, and grasslands burn globally. Some are burned intentionally for land conversion, pasture renewal or hazard reduction, or wildlife habitat improvement, but most are burned by uncontrolled wildfire. Estimates of burned area available in the literature vary widely, but satellite-based remote sensing data are increasing the accuracy of monitoring active fire and estimating burned areas. Recent data suggest that global wildfire emissions vary substantially from year to year. Nonetheless, average annual carbon emissions from wildfire are 20-40% of those from fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Results of field studies and modelling efforts indicate that changing climate is likely to increase the extent and frequency of wildfires, highlighting the importance of accurately quantifying the regional and global effects of wildfire on carbon stocks and on atmospheric carbon compounds. The nature and strength of feedbacks between fire and climate will depend not only on changes in the area that is burned annually, but perhaps more importantly, on how those fires burn and how ecosystems respond and recover. Changes in burn severity can result in large differences in the amount of fuel consumed, emissions to the atmosphere, and the capacity of ecosystems to recover carbon after a fire. Recent work also indicates that even low-severity surface fire may cause significant changes in soil respiration, and these changes may either increase or decrease the net effects of fire on atmospheric carbon. Postfire recovery to a different vegetation type-which may occur in response to changing climate, unusually high burn severities, or other factors-also has the potential to affect the amount and rate of carbon storage on the landscape. Past and future vegetation and fire management activities also play a role in ecosystem condition and carbon storage, although the nature and magnitude of these impacts vary greatly among regions and ecosystems. Improved understanding of the extent and severity of fire, the feedbacks between fire and climate, and the effects of changing fire regimes on all aspects of the carbon cycle is needed before we can fully predict the magnitude, or perhaps even the direction, of the effect of changing fire regimes on global carbon balance and atmospheric chemistry. C1 [Conard, Susan G.; Solomon, Allen M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Conard, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rosslyn Plaza C,4th Floor,1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM sconard@fs.fed.us; allensolomon@fs.fed.us NR 114 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6; 978-0-08-055609-3 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 109 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00005-3 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800007 ER PT S AU Riggan, PJ Tissell, RG AF Riggan, Philip J. Tissell, Robert G. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Airborne Remote Sensing of Wildland Fires SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRAZIL AB In wildland fire management, reliable fire intelligence is needed to direct suppression resources, maintain firefighter safety, predict fire behavior, mitigate fire effects in the environment, and justify and evaluate the effectiveness of fuel management. Fire intelligence needs to be synoptic, quantitative, consistent, and timely. Airborne remote sensing with specialized infrared radiometers is now providing an unprecedented level of information on fire behavior and effects. The temperature, radiant intensity, carbon and sensible heat fluxes, and fuel consumption associated with the flaming front of a wildland fire have been estimated by remotely measuring its radiance at short- and mid-wave infrared wavelengths. Measurements of upwelling long-wave or thermal-infrared radiation provide estimates primarily of ground-surface temperatures, even beneath flaming fronts, that reflect a local time course of energy release and fuel consumption. Characteristics of flames and hot ground can be discriminated from radiances measured at wavelengths near 1.6, 3.9, and 11.9 mu m. Fire radiance at 3.9 mm appears to be a good estimator of radiant-flux density, which integrates across wavelengths. There are strong temperature gradients along and within flaming fronts, and although their temperatures are high-commonly exceeding 1000 degrees C along the line of a savanna fire, for instance-flames may not be bright when compared with a blackbody radiator. The combination of that low bulk emissivity and uncertainty as to the composition and radiance of nonfire background within the sensor's instantaneous field of view dictates that fire properties are best estimated from measurements of high spatial resolution in comparison with the scale of a fire front. The USDA Forest Service is now applying a FireMapper (TM) thermal-imaging radiometer for fire research and support of incident command teams over high-priority wildland fires, especially those threatening cities and communities in southern California. Resulting data are providing insight into fire behavior in complex and changing fuels, fire interactions with the atmosphere and a changing climate, and large-scale fire processes. C1 [Riggan, Philip J.; Tissell, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Riggan, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM priggan@fs.fed.us; rtissell@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 139 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00006-5 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800008 ER PT S AU Fox, DG Riebau, AR AF Fox, Douglas G. Riebau, Allen R. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Effects of Forest Fires on Visibility and Air Quality SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODELS AB The U.S. Clean Air Act establishes the goal of preventing future and remedying existing visibility impairment in 156 Class I areas (national parks, wilderness areas, and wildlife refuges). A key element in implementing this goal is the Regional Haze Regulation (RHR). RHR is based on relating impaired visibility, using metrics of extinction (inverse megameters and/or "deciviews''), to concentration of ambient particulate matter (PM), especially the chemical components of particulates smaller than 2.5 mu m in diameter, collectively known as PM2.5. PM2.5 itself is also subject to national ambient air quality standards. Forest, rangeland, and agricultural fires, both natural and human caused emit both primary and secondary (formed in the atmosphere from gaseous organic carbon (OC) emissions) PM2.5. This chapter will review the RHR and what we know about relationships between fire emissions, their fate in the atmosphere, and their contribution to regional haze and PM2.5. C1 [Fox, Douglas G.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Riebau, Allen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Fox, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM Fox@cira.colostate.edu; ariebau@msn.com RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6; 978-0-08-055609-3 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 171 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00007-7 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800009 ER PT S AU Chubarova, NY Prilepsky, NG Rublev, AN Riebau, AR AF Chubarova, Nataly Y. Prilepsky, Nickolay G. Rublev, Alexei N. Riebau, Allen R. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI A Mega-Fire Event in Central Russia: Fire Weather, Radiative, and Optical Properties of the Atmosphere, and Consequences for Subboreal Forest Plants SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In 2002, a major drought and prolonged high temperatures occurred in central Russia that resulted in unprecedented wildland fires. These fires occurred under extreme fire danger conditions and were impossible for the Russian authorities to extinguish. It is perhaps somewhat unique that the fires were first burning peat bogs and later forests, causing very massive smoke. Smoke was transported into Moscow itself for a period of almost 2 months, sometimes reducing visibility to below 60 m. Owing to the population size of Moscow and the duration of the event, these fires resulted in perhaps the most significant exposures of fire smoke to a major population center in recorded history. Significant reductions in solar radiation were observed during a course of measurements taken at the meteorological observatory at Moscow State University and at Zvenigorod Biostation located about 50 km west of the observatory. The fire smoke cloud was characterized by high aerosol optical thickness (AOT), high values of single scattering albedo in the visible spectral region (SSA similar to 0.95), and high concentration of optically active gas species. Surface ozone levels were additionally elevated. At Zvenigorod Biostation changes in forest herbaceous plant development, flowering, and seeding were also observed. These changes may be explained as resulting from a combination of extreme weather, elevated surface ozone, and to a lesser extent changes in solar radiation. C1 [Chubarova, Nataly Y.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geog, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Prilepsky, Nickolay G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Geobot Dept, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Rublev, Alexei N.] Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. [Riebau, Allen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Chubarova, NY (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geog, GSP 1, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM chubarova@imp.kiae.ru; rublev@imp.kiae.ru; ariebau@msn.com NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00011-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800013 ER PT S AU Hao, WM Bondarenko, OO Zibtsev, S Hutton, D AF Hao, Wei Min Bondarenko, Oleg O. Zibtsev, Sergiy Hutton, Diane BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Vegetation Fires, Smoke Emissions, and Dispersion of Radionuclides in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREST-FIRES; REDISTRIBUTION; RESUSPENSION; GRASSLAND AB The accident of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) in 1986 was probably the worst environmental disaster in the past 30 years. The fallout and accumulation of radionuclides in the soil and vegetation could have long-term impacts on the environment. Radionuclides released during large, catastrophic vegetation fires could spread to continental Europe, Scandinavia, and Russia. The potential for large fires occurring in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (EZ) was assessed based on vegetation conditions. We reviewed the composition of radionuclides in the soil and vegetation and in the particulate matter emitted by fires. The highest atmospheric radionuclide Cs-137 levels occurred in early spring and late fall, corresponding to the most intense periods of burning in the EZ. It is evident from satellite images that smoke plumes from the EZ and southern Ukraine dispersed several hundred kilometers from the active fires and reached a major metropolitan area. We propose to install a satellite receiving station to detect fires in real time. It is also essential to develop a smoke dispersion and air quality forecasting model to predict the radioactivity levels downwind from catastrophic fires in order to protect public health. C1 [Hao, Wei Min] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Bondarenko, Oleg O.] State Specialized Sci & Ind Enterprise, Chernobyl Radioecol Ctr, Chernobyl, Kiev Region, Ukraine. [Hutton, Diane] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wisdom, MT 59761 USA. [Zibtsev, Sergiy] Natl Agr Univ, Inst Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Hao, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM whao@fs.fed.us; boa@ecocentre.mns.gov.ua; sergiy.zibtsev@nauu.kiev.ua; dhutton@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00012-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800014 ER PT S AU Qu, JJ Hao, XJ Liu, YQ Riebau, AR Yi, HR Qin, XL AF Qu, John J. Hao, Xianjun Liu, Yongqiang Riebau, Allen R. Yi, Haoruo Qin, Xianlin BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Remote Sensing Applications of Wildland Fire and Air Quality in China SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As one of the most populous and geographically largest countries, China faces many problems including industrial growth, economic sustainability, food security, climate change, and air pollution. Interwoven with these challenges, wildland fire is one of the natural hazards facing modern China, especially under a changing climate. From a national perspective, wildland fire information is a fundamental and yet challenging prerequisite for understanding forest ecology and hazards in China. In recent years, China has begun to use remote sensing (RS) as a tool for monitoring regional fire hazards, and to a lesser extent, air quality emissions. With the unique features of global coverage, high-resolution, and continuous operation, RS is able to obtain detailed information of fire occurrence, extent, structure, and temporal variation, together with some related fuel properties. Satellite instruments such as the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been used in Chinese field experiments and routine monitoring of wildfires and air quality emissions by scientists of the National Satellite Meteorology Center (NSMC) and Chinese Meteorology Agency (CMA). MODIS applications of fire monitoring have also been done by the Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences. In addition, Landsat measurements have been used for land cover mapping by the Geography Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with land cover being used to determine fuel type and loading and to estimate fire emissions. All of these measurements can be useful for both forest management and air quality management in China, especially as air quality concerns and forest fires increase under a warming global climate. C1 [Qu, John J.; Hao, Xianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, EastFIRE Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Riebau, Allen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Yi, Haoruo; Qin, Xianlin] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Resources Informat Tech, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Qu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, EastFIRE Lab, 4400 Univ Blvd, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jqu@gmu.edu; xhao1@gmu.edu; yliu@fs.fed.us; ariebau@msn.com; yihr@forestry.ac.cn; noaags@forestry.ac.cn RI Hao, Xianjun/F-7253-2016 OI Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00013-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800015 ER PT S AU McKenzie, D Peterson, DL Littell, JJ AF McKenzie, Donald Peterson, David L. Littell, Jeremy J. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Global Warming and Stress Complexes in Forests of Western North America SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENAI PENINSULA; DISTURBANCE INTERACTIONS; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BEETLE OUTBREAK; SIERRA-NEVADA AB A warmer climate in western North America will likely affect forests directly through soil moisture stress and indirectly through increased extent and severity of disturbances. We propose that stress complexes, combinations of biotic and abiotic stresses, compromise the vigor and ultimate sustainability of forest ecosystems. Across western North America, increased water deficit will accelerate the normal stress complex experienced in forests, which typically involves some combination of multi-year drought, insects, and fire. Four examples suggest how stress complexes are region-specific. Symptoms of prolonged drought and insects are currently manifested in extensive dieback of pine species in the pinyon-juniper forest of the American Southwest, an area where only a few tree species can survive. Air pollution and high stand densities from fire exclusion have compromised mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada. Bark beetles are proliferating and killing millions of hectares of dry forest in the northern interior of western North America, setting up the prospect of large and intense fires. Fire and insect mortality have also exceeded previously recorded levels in both interior and south-central Alaska, possibly precipitating extensive ecosystem changes, while extensive permafrost degradation is causing other changes. Increases in fire disturbance superimposed on forests with increased stress from drought and insects may have significant effects on growth, regeneration, long-term distribution and abundance of forest species, and short- and long-term carbon sequestration. The effects of stress complexes will be magnified given a warming climate. C1 [McKenzie, Donald; Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Littell, Jeremy J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@u.washington.edu; dpeterson@fs.fed.us; jlittell@u.washington.edu NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 319 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00015-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800017 ER PT S AU Grulke, NE Minnich, RA Paine, TD Seybold, SJ Chavez, DJ Fenn, ME Riggan, PJ Dunn, A AF Grulke, Nancy E. Minnich, Richard A. Paine, Timothy D. Seybold, Steve J. Chavez, Deborah J. Fenn, Mark E. Riggan, Philip J. Dunn, Alexander BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Air Pollution Increases Forest Susceptibility to Wildfires: A Case Study in the San Bernardino Mountains in Southern California SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; BARK BEETLE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; JEFFREY PINE; O-3 UPTAKE; DROUGHT STRESS; OZONE EXPOSURE AB Many factors increase susceptibility of forests to wildfire. Among them are increases in human population, changes in land use, fire suppression, and frequent droughts. These and other factors have been exacerbating forest susceptibility to wildfires over the past century in southern California. We report on the significant role that air pollution has had on increasing forest susceptibility to wildfires, based on a 1999-2003 case study in the San Bernardino Mountains. Air pollution, specifically ozone (O-3) and wet and dry deposition of nitrogenous (N) compounds as a by-product of fossil fuel combustion, has significantly increased since urbanization and industrialization of the region after 1945. Ozone and elevated N deposition cause specific changes in forest tree carbon (C), N, and water balance that enhance individual tree susceptibility to drought, bark beetle attack, and disease, and when combined, contribute to whole ecosystem susceptibility to wildfire. For example, elevated O-3 and N deposition increase leaf turnover rates, leaf and branch litter, and decrease decomposability of litter, creating excessively deep litter layers in mixed-conifer forests affected by air pollutants. Elevated O-3 and N deposition decrease the proportion of whole tree biomass in foliage and roots, thereby increasing tree susceptibility to drought and beetle attack. Because both foliar and root mass are compromised, carbohydrates are stored in the bole over winter. Elevated O-3 increases drought stress by significantly reducing plant control of water loss. The resulting increase in canopy transpiration, combined with O-3 and N deposition-induced decreases in root mass, significantly increases tree susceptibility to drought stress, likely contributing to successful host colonization and population increases of bark beetles. Phenomenological and experimental evidence is presented to support the role of these factors contributing to an increase in the susceptibility of forests to wildfire in southern California. C1 [Grulke, Nancy E.; Chavez, Deborah J.; Fenn, Mark E.; Riggan, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Minnich, Richard A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Geol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Paine, Timothy D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Seybold, Steve J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunn, Alexander] Beaverhead Deerlodge Natl Forest, Environm, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us; richard.minnich@ucr.edu; timothy.paine@ucr.edu; sseybold@fs.fed.us; dchavez@fs.fed.us; mfenn@fs.fed.us; priggan@fs.fed.us; adunn@fs.fed.us NR 106 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 365 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00017-X PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800019 ER PT S AU Johnson, DW Fenn, ME Miller, WW Hunsaker, CF AF Johnson, Dale W. Fenn, Mark E. Miller, Watkins W. Hunsaker, Carolyn F. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Fire Effects on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Forests of The Sierra Nevada SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; LAKE TAHOE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; SOIL NUTRIENTS AB Fire removes substantial quantities of nitrogen (N) by volatilization, and prescribed fire, over time, can remove as much as or more N than wildfire. This lost N can be quickly made up if fire is followed by N-2-fixing vegetation. Wildfire often has short-term deleterious effects on water quality because of N mobilization, but long-term fire suppression allows buildups of N-rich litter, a source of labile N to runoff waters. Prescribed fire usually has less impact on water quality than wildfire. Prescribed fire has been proposed as a management tool to mitigate N saturation (a result of chronic, excessive N deposition). However, a major limitation of this strategy is that while fire removes substantial quantities of N from the forest floor, it removes only a small fraction of the large N reservoir in the mineral soil and at the same time causes increases in soil ammonium over the short term. Periodic prescribed fire, reduced atmospheric N deposition and strategies to enhance plant and microbial N demand may all be required to reduce N-saturation symptoms in catchments exposed to long-term atmospheric N inputs. C1 [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Miller, Watkins W.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Hunsaker, Carolyn F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Fleischmann Ag Bldg,MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu; mfenn@fs.fed.us; wilymalr@cabnr.unr.edu; chunsaker@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 405 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00018-1 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800020 ER PT S AU Gimeno, BS Yuan, FM Fenn, ME Meixner, T AF Gimeno, Benjamin S. Yuan, Fengming Fenn, Mark E. Meixner, Thomas BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Management Options for Mitigating Nitrogen (N) Losses from N-Saturated Mixed-Conifer Forests in California SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PONDEROSA PINE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SIERRA-NEVADA; AIR-POLLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; SULFUR DEPOSITION; NUTRIENT STATUS AB Mixed-conifer forests of southern California are exposed to nitrogen (N) deposition levels that impair carbon (C) and N cycling, enhance forest flammability, increase the risk of fire occurrence and air pollution emissions in fire, and increase nitrate runoff and soil N emissions both pre- and postfire. N-deposition abatement policies and prescribed fire treatments have been proposed to mitigate the interactive effects of fire suppression, N deposition, and wildfire occurrence. To test the most effective management options for N-enriched forests, a simulation study was done using a parameterization of the DAYCENT model for a mixed-conifer forest site currently experiencing 70 kg Nha(-1) yr(-1). Five N deposition scenarios were defined, ranging from 5 to 70 kg Nha(-1) yr(-1). Five abatement strategies ranging from 0% to 100% reductions in N deposition were considered for each N-deposition scenario. The influence of prescribed fire was tested for the selected N deposition and abatement scenarios, considering 15-, 30-, and 60-year intervals (PF15, PF30, and PF60, respectively), or no prescribed fires. When the most extreme N-deposition scenario was compared to the lowest, fuel loads were increased by 121%, resulting in 70% increases in wildfire emissions of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The estimated increase in wildfire nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions ranged from 56% to 210%. The larger values were derived when variations in fuel N content were taken into account. The combination of reduced N deposition and prescribed fire was most effective in reducing long-term N losses to the atmosphere and in runoff. The PF15 treatment combined with 50-75% reduced N deposition were the best options for reducing N losses before and after fire. However, even prescribed fire at longer intervals and in combination with 25-50% reduced N deposition still resulted in large reductions in ecosystem losses of N. Implementation of such treatments would be considered a major achievement towards mitigating the symptoms of N saturation, even though in sites chronically exposed to 70 kg Nha(-1) yr(-1) a 100% reduction in N deposition may require many years to return N losses to baseline levels. C1 [Gimeno, Benjamin S.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Yuan, Fengming; Meixner, Thomas] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gimeno, BS (reprint author), CIEMAT, Ed 70,Avda Comlutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM benjamin.gimeno@ciemat.es; fmyuan@hwr.arizona.edu; mfenn@fs.fed.us; tmeixner@hwr.arizona.edu NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6; 978-0-08-055609-3 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 425 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00019-3 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800021 ER PT S AU Grulke, NE AF Grulke, Nancy E. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Interactive Effects of Climate and Wildland Fires on Forests and other Ecosystems-Section III Synthesis SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00020-X PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800022 ER PT S AU Fujioka, FM Gill, AM Viegas, DX Wotton, BM AF Fujioka, Francis M. Gill, A. Malcolm Viegas, Domingos X. Wotton, B. Mike BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Fire Danger and Fire Behavior Modeling Systems in Australia, Europe, and North America SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREST; SPREAD; ONTARIO; WEATHER AB Wildland fire occurrence and behavior are complex phenomena involving essentially fuel (vegetation), topography, and weather. Fire managers around the world use a variety of systems to track and predict fire danger and fire behavior, at spatial scales that span from local to global extents, and temporal scales ranging from minutes to seasons. The fire management application determines the makeup of the planning tool, which usually incorporates one or more computer models. Advanced computing technology has spawned a new generation of fire planning tools to predict fire occurrence and fire behavior. We reviewed fire danger and fire behavior modeling systems from Australia, Europe, and North America, including operational tools that have been in use for decades, and newer models that profoundly enhance the spatial and temporal resolution of the resultant predictions. Linkages between these models and air quality models could very likely improve the mapping and prediction of air pollution due to wildland fires. C1 [Fujioka, Francis M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Gill, A. Malcolm] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Viegas, Domingos X.] Univ Coimbra Polo II, Dept Engn Mecan, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal. [Wotton, B. Mike] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Fujioka, FM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ffujioka@fs.fed.us; Malcolm.Gill@csiro.au; xavier.viegas@dem.uc.pt; mwotton@NRCan.gc.ca RI Viegas, Domingos/J-6091-2013 OI Viegas, Domingos/0000-0001-6690-035X NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 471 EP 497 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00021-1 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800023 ER PT S AU O'Neill, SM Larkin, NK Hoadley, J Mills, G Vaughan, JK Draxler, RR Rolph, G Ruminski, M Ferguson, SA AF O'Neill, Susan M. Larkin, Narasimhan (Sim) K. Hoadley, Jeanne Mills, Graham Vaughan, Joseph K. Draxler, Roland R. Rolph, Glenn Ruminski, Mark Ferguson, Sue A. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Regional Real-Time Smoke Prediction Systems SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERE-FIRE MODEL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FORECAST SYSTEM; DISPERSION; CHEMISTRY AB Several real-time smoke prediction systems have been developed worldwide to help land managers, farmers, and air quality regulators balance land management needs against smoke impacts. Profiled here are four systems that are currently operational for regional domains for North America and Australia, providing forecasts to a well-developed user community. The systems link fire activity data, fuels information, and consumption and emissions models, with weather forecasts and dispersion models to produce a prediction of smoke concentrations from prescribed fires, wildfires, or agricultural fires across a region. The USDA Forest Service's BlueSky system is operational for regional domains across the United States and obtains prescribed burn information and wildfire information from databases compiled by various agencies along with satellite fire detections. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) smoke prediction system is initialized with satellite fire detections and is operational across North America. Washington State University's ClearSky agricultural smoke prediction system is operational in the states of Idaho and Washington, and burn location information is input via a secure Web site by regulators in those states. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology smoke prediction system is operational for regional domains across Australia for wildfires and prescribed burning. Operational uses of these systems are emphasized as well as the approaches to evaluate their performance given the uncertainties associated with each system's subcomponents. These real-time smoke prediction systems are providing a point of interagency understanding between land managers and air regulators from which to negotiate the conflicting needs of ecological fire use while minimizing air quality health impacts. C1 [O'Neill, Susan M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Ferguson, Sue A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Ctr, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hoadley, Jeanne] US Forest Serv, USDA, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Mills, Graham] Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Vaughan, Joseph K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Draxler, Roland R.; Rolph, Glenn] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ruminski, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS Satellite Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 1201 NE Lloyd Blvd,Suite 1000, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM susan.oneill@por.usda.gov; larkin@fs.fed.us; jhoadlay@fs.fed.us; g.mills@bom.gov.au; jvaughan@wsu.edu; Roland.Draxler@noaa.gov; Glenn.Rolph@noaa.gov; Mark.Ruminski@noaa.gov RI Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 499 EP 534 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00022-3 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800024 ER PT S AU Preisler, HK Zhong, SY Esperanza, A Tarnay, L Kahyaoglu-Koracin, J AF Preisler, Haiganoush K. Zhong, Shiyuan (Sharon) Esperanza, Annie Tarnay, Leland Kahyaoglu-Koracin, Julide BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI A Statistical Model for Forecasting Hourly Ozone Levels During Fire Season SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Concerns about smoke from large high-intensity and managed low-intensity fires have been increasing during the past decade. Because smoke from large high-intensity fires are known to contain and generate secondary fine particles (PM2.5) and ozone precursors, the effect of fires on air quality in the southern Sierra Nevada is a serious management issue. Various process-based models have been developed for forecasting PM and ozone levels in the presence and absence of fires. Although these models provide deterministic predictions, few of them give measures of uncertainties associated with these predictions. Estimates of uncertainties are essential for model evaluation and forecasting with known precision levels. In this chapter we present a statistical procedure for forecasting next-day ozone levels at given sites. The statistical model takes into account some of the known sources of ozone fluctuations, including changes in temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and, during fire season, effects of smoke from fires. Other sources of variation not directly accounted for in the model-e.g., variability in daily amount of ozone produced by sources other than fire-are included in the uncertainty measure as random effect variables. The advantage of a model that is capable of estimating mean effects and uncertainties simultaneously is that evaluation of model performance is immediate and predictions are available with specific precision levels. The ability of the model in making accurate forecasting with specified precisions is demonstrated by applying it to real data set of observed ambient ozone and weather values at two sites in the Sierra Nevada for the period from 1 January to 31 July 2006. Forecasted PM2.5 values from the BlueSky Smoke Dispersion Model are tested as a proxy for the amount of pollution precursors reaching a given site from specific fires. The forecasts from the statistical model may be useful as a tool for air quality managers to time-prescribed fire treatment. C1 [Preisler, Haiganoush K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Zhong, Shiyuan (Sharon)] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, Ctr Global Climate Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Esperanza, Annie] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Kahyaoglu-Koracin, Julide] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us; zhongs@msu.edu; annie_esperanza@nps.gov; Julide.Koracin@dri.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 551 EP 565 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00024-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800026 ER PT S AU Arbaugh, MJ Procter, T Esperanza, A AF Arbaugh, Michael J. Procter, Trent Esperanza, Annie BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Managing Air Pollution Impacted Forests of California SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Fuel treatments (prescribed fire and mechanical removal) on public lands in California are critical for reducing fuel accumulation and wildfire frequency and severity and protecting private property located in the wildland-urban interface. Treatments are especially needed in forests impacted by air pollution and subject to climate change. High ambient ozone (O-3) concentration and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition weakens and predisposes trees to bark beetle attacks, increases foliar senescence and fuel build-up, and increases water stress during drought periods. Climate variability is expected to increase beyond historic ranges of variation, resulting in more severe droughts. Combinations of future climate variability and air pollution are likely to increase risk of episodic tree mortality, long-term ecosystem changes, and frequency and severity of wildland fires. Fuel treatments, however, are difficult to implement in these forests. Smoke from prescribed fires can adversely affect local and regional air quality leading to conflicts with local and regional air regulatory agencies. Over the past several years federal land air quality and fire managers have responded to these conflicting needs by expanding beyond the boundaries of their historical job responsibilities. For example, they are now actively forging cooperative relationships with local, state, and federal air regulators. The result has been fewer conflicts about smoke in populated or protected areas, with managers achieving an adequate level of prescribed fire treatments. Smoke monitoring by air managers has played a key role in this success. Social and regulatory acceptance of fire as a management tool in air polluted forests will depend on land managers developing a better understanding of air pollution and smoke interactions and interactions between air pollution, drought, and insects. Acceptance of fire as a management tool also requires better large-scale monitoring efforts (field collected and remotely sensed), development of models for predicting spatial and temporal distribution of air pollution and smoke resulting from forest fires, and incorporation of air pollution and climate effects into forest mensuration models used to predict stand development. C1 [Arbaugh, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Procter, Trent] US Forest Serv, Porterville, CA 93527 USA. [Esperanza, Annie] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Arbaugh, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mjarbaugh@charter.net; tprocter@fs.fed.us; annie_esperanza@nps.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 567 EP 582 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00025-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800027 ER PT S AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Andersen, C Riebau, AR AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael J. Andersen, Christian Riebau, Allen R. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Integrating Research on Wildland Fires and Air Quality: Needs and Recommendations SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CALIFORNIA AB A summary is presented that integrates general information on the causes and effects of wildland fires and emissions with various ecological impacts of forest fires and air pollution in forests and other ecosystems. We also synthesize information on the regional effects of wildland fires on ambient air quality in Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia, and how this may impact visibility and human health and security. In addition, advances in remote sensing (RS), modeling, and management of wildland fires and the resulting air pollution are summarized. We also provide information for researchers and managers on the most important needs and recommendations about the interactions of wildland fires and air pollution that have been discussed in this book. C1 [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Andersen, Christian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Riebau, Allen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res & Dev, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; marbaugh@fs.fed.us; Andersen.Christian@epamail.epa.gov; ariebau@msn.com NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 585 EP 602 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00026-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800028 ER PT J AU Gionfriddo, JP Eisemann, JD Sullivan, KJ Healey, RS Miller, LA Fagerstone, KA Engeman, RM Yoder, CA AF Gionfriddo, James P. Eisemann, John D. Sullivan, Kevin J. Healey, Ronald S. Miller, Lowell A. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. Engeman, Richard M. Yoder, Christi A. TI Field test of a single-injection gonadotrophin-releasing hormone immunocontraceptive vaccine in female white-tailed deer SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; GNRH VACCINE; REPRODUCTIVE STEROIDS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; FOREST; OVERABUNDANCE; CONTRACEPTION; PROGESTERONE AB The development and use of safe, effective and practical wildlife contraceptive agents could reduce reproduction in locally overabundant deer populations in situations where traditional management tools such as regulated hunting cannot be employed. GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine (the commercial name for a particular gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based emulsion) was tested in adult female white-tailed deer in a fenced herd near Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. Observations of udder condition were used to identify does that had become pregnant. Necropsy observations, histopathology and serum concentrations of anti-GnRH antibodies, luteinising hormone and progesterone were used to compare health and reproductive status of treated (n = 28) and control (n = 15) deer. After receiving one injection of GonaCon, 88% of treated deer did not become pregnant during the first year and 47% did not become pregnant during the second year after vaccination. No adverse health effects related to vaccination with GonaCon were detected, except for localised injection-site reactions in five (29%) of 17 examined, vaccinated deer. Treatment with GonaCon can be a safe and effective means of inducing temporary infertility in wild white-tailed deer. Ultimately, the management value of GonaCon will be determined by natural-resource professionals who use it as one of many tools to manage deer populations. C1 [Gionfriddo, James P.; Eisemann, John D.; Miller, Lowell A.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Engeman, Richard M.; Yoder, Christi A.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sullivan, Kevin J.; Healey, Ronald S.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Gionfriddo, JP (reprint author), USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.p.gionfriddo@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); US General Services Administration FX This research was funded by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and the US General Services Administration. Scientists employed by the USDA APHIS were involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and in the writing of the manuscript. The US General Services Administration (GSA) and its employees had no such involvement in the study. We thank the GSA and the US Army Laboratory at Adelphi for providing a study site and for logistical assistance that was invaluable to the success of this study. We are very grateful to C. M. Bens, J. B. Bourassa, L. Clark, K. A. Crane, K. B. Cross, R. J. Dimayuga, Jr, D. C. Emanueli, R. H. Fey, B. B. German, T. C. Hall, S. Jojola, J. M. Kemp, G. J. Killian, T. C. Mathies, J. R. O'Hare, G. E. Phillips, V. J. Pierce, A. A. Reed, J. J. Smith, R. Wardwell and three anonymous reviewers for help with various aspects of the study or with the preparation of this manuscript. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1071/WR08061 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 432MD UT WOS:000265137500001 ER PT J AU Tupper, SK Cummings, JL Engeman, RM AF Tupper, Shelagh K. Cummings, John L. Engeman, Richard M. TI Longevity of DayGlo fluorescent particle marker used to mark birds in flight pen and field SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; COLORED LEG BANDS; AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; NASAL MARKER; ROOSTS; DUCKS; RETENTION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS AB Spray application of fluorescent particles is a widely used and very valuable technique for marking birds. This remains one of the few practical means to mark large numbers of birds for monitoring movement, despite recent availability of a variety of more technologically advanced options. We monitored the longevity of the DayGlo fluorescent particle marker on red-winged blackbirds under simulated field conditions in a flight pen, and in an observational field experiment. In the pen study we banded 52 red-winged blackbirds with individually numbered leg bands, and sprayed them with DayGlo fluorescent particle marker from a distance of similar to 50 cm, on 1 December 2004. These birds were recaptured and DayGlo fluorescent particle marks assessed 11 times until 10 August 2005. All 31 surviving birds at the conclusion of the study (i.e. after 254 days) retained at least some DayGlo fluorescent particle marker on one or more body regions. Wings retained DayGlo fluorescent particle marks longer than other body regions and thus could be used to identify marks in large-scale collections. Roosting wild blackbirds aerially marked in September and October 2005 retained marks through June 2006, 263 days after marking. The formulation used is inexpensive (US$4.00 L-1), easy-to-apply at many scales and practical for many species (e.g. starlings, blackbirds, sparrows, gulls and shorebirds). C1 [Tupper, Shelagh K.; Cummings, John L.; Engeman, Richard M.] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Tupper, SK (reprint author), Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 W LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM shelagh.k.tupper@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1071/WR09015 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 461EO UT WOS:000267247600006 ER PT J AU Clemons, CM Stark, NM AF Clemons, Craig M. Stark, Nicole M. TI FEASIBILITY OF USING SALTCEDAR AS A FILLER IN INJECTION-MOLDED POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Saltcedar; tamarisk; polyethylene; wood-plastic composite; WPC; filler; wood flour; injection molding ID WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES; RHEOLOGY; MELT AB Saltcedar (Tamarix: ramosissima) was investigated for use as a filler in wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The mineral content, water-soluble extractive content, and thermal stability of saltcedar flour were compared with those of a commercial pine wood flour. The wood flours were compounded with plastic, and the viscosities of the composite melts containing the two species were compared. Injection-molded composites produced from the compounded material were evaluated for mechanical performance and weatherability. Saltcedar flour had more minerals and water-soluble extractives than pine flour, which resulted in lower thermal stability, but also lower melt viscosity when compounded with high-density polyethylene. Injection-molded WPCs made from unextracted saltcedar performed similarly to those made from pine in accelerated weathering tests, but their mechanical properties were generally lower. The flexural modulus of elasticity increased when extracted wood flour was used, especially for the saltcedar composites. However, color stability and flexural strength changed little. Producing WPCs from these composites is possible, although economically feasible applications that use the advantageous properties of these species and that can tolerate or address the less desirable ones need to be identified and demonstrated. C1 [Clemons, Craig M.; Stark, Nicole M.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clemons, CM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclemons@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 402WJ UT WOS:000263043500002 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Huwe, JK Larsen, GL AF Hakk, H. Huwe, J. K. Larsen, G. L. TI Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) study with 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-154) in male Sprague-Dawley rats SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article DE brominated flame retardants (BFRs); brominated diphenyl ethers; mammalian metabolism; excretion; 2; 2'; 4; 4'; 5; 6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-154); tissue disposition ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TISSUE DISPOSITION; 2-CHLORO-N-ISOPROPYLACETANILIDE PROPACHLOR; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; INTESTINAL-TRACT; MICE; TOXICOKINETICS AB A metabolism study of orally administered 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-154; 11.3 moles kg-1) was conducted in conventional and bile duct-cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rats. In conventional rats, approximately 31% of the radiolabelled dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition. Urinary excretion of BDE-154 was very low (1.0%), and parent compound was detected. Cumulative biliary excretion was 1.3%, and glutathione conjugates were suggested. Over 62% of the dose in conventional male rats was excreted in faeces, and was composed of parent compound (7.3%), free metabolites (13.1%), and covalently bound residues (41.4%). Faecal metabolites characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included multiple isomers of monohydroxylated hexa-/penta-/tetrabromodiphenyl ethers, and di-hydroxylated hexa/pentabromodiphenyl ethers. The adipose tissue 14C was extractable BDE-154, but 40% of liver 14C was bound to macromolecules. The study demonstrated the importance of performing individual polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) metabolism studies to understand fully PBDE pharmacokinetics. C1 [Hakk, H.; Huwe, J. K.; Larsen, G. L.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674 State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM heldur.hakk@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 AR PII 908728268 DI 10.1080/00498250802546853 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 407LT UT WOS:000263366400005 PM 19219747 ER PT S AU Fazio, G Aldwinckle, HS Volk, GM Richards, CM Janisiewicz, WJ Forsline, PL AF Fazio, G. Aldwinckle, H. S. Volk, G. M. Richards, C. M. Janisiewicz, W. J. Forsline, P. L. BE Espiau, MT Alonso, JM TI Progress in Evaluating Malus sieversii for Disease Resistance and Horticultural Traits SO XII EUCARPIA SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT BREEDING AND GENETICS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th EUCARPIA Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics CY MAR 20, 2009 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP EUCARPIA DE apple; fire blight; apple scab; Venturia inaequalis; Erwinia amylovora; Kazakhstan ID PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM; DIVERSE APPLE; COLLECTION; FRUIT AB Malus sieversii, a wild apple species native to Central Asia, has been recognized as the major progenitor of the domestic apple. Collection trips to Central Asia have verified that M. sieversii is very diverse and has all the qualities present in M. x domestica. Nearly 130,000 seeds from 950 wild M. sieversii trees were collected in eight distinct sites, mostly in Kazakhstan, on four collection trips from 1989 to 1996. The investigation of 1480 seedlings from these diverse sites is summarized. All seedlings were screened as young seedlings for resistance to Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) and planted as own-rooted seedlings in a high-density orchard in Geneva, New York. Resistance was recorded in 41% of the seedlings (7%-66% among sites). Natural infection by Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) was also recorded, with 45% exhibiting no infection (26%-75% among sites). Seedlings with no fire blight symptoms were grafted, and replicates were inoculated in the greenhouse and 60% of that group was resistant. Resistance to V. inaequalis was re-assessed on those grafted plants. Those with original reactions similar to the V-r gene showed 100% agreement and those similar to V-f, 50% agreement. A large subset was also screened as young seedlings for resistance to Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae (cedar apple rust), with 55% showing resistance. We are in the process of evaluating the heritability of resistance to Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia and other components of apple replant disease in these accessions. In another collaborative project, fruit from a subset of the collection are being screened for resistance to the post harvest disease, blue mold (Penicillium expansum) with some indication of resistance. Seven of the scab resistant elite accessions were crossed with the susceptible cultivar Royal Gala. By screening >200 seedlings/population with V. inaequalis, 10% to 67% of each population were observed to be resistant. Correlation of the markers with phenotype indicated some M. sieversii parents likely had known resistance genes but, in some cases, exhibited patterns suggesting they also contained novel resistance loci. Seven highly diverse microsatellite markers were selected to assess the genetic relationships among the trees in the field collections that represent the populations and the collection sites. We characterized trees and fruit for horticultural traits using multiple descriptors on 746 seedlings. Among the many descriptors measured, individual fruit sizes (17 g-158 g) were quite variable among the trees and sites. We anticipate this germplasm will offer useful genetic diversity for crop improvement. C1 [Fazio, G.; Forsline, P. L.] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, PGRU, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Fazio, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, PGRU, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-290-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2009 VL 814 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BAT33 UT WOS:000305454700002 ER PT S AU Ledbetter, CA AF Ledbetter, C. A. BE Espiau, MT Alonso, JM TI Using Central Asian Germplasm to Improve Fruit Quality and Enhance Diversity in California Adapted Apricots SO XII EUCARPIA SYMPOSIUM ON FRUIT BREEDING AND GENETICS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th EUCARPIA Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics CY MAR 20, 2009 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP EUCARPIA DE breeding; Brix; introgression; Prunus armeniaca; sugar profile AB Fifty years of apricot breeding efforts at the Agricultural Research Service in Parlier, California has led to the development of ten new fresh market and processing varieties. During this period, consumer comments indicated that increased sugar and aroma would be desirable improvements in California produced apricots. In the early 1990' s, numerous sources of Central Asian apricot germplasm, both clonal and seedling-derived, were imported and utilized in the breeding program to introduce genetic diversity and improve fruit quality. These Central Asian apricots were generally not well adapted to California's environment, but some accessions did display significantly increased Brix levels, long fruit development periods, diverse fruit colors and shapes as well as other novel characteristics. As a group, Central Asian apricot germplasm is far too small-fruited for fresh markets in North America. First generation hybrids between California adapted apricots and Central Asian accessions were generally more productive than their Central Asian parents, but were still too small in fruit size to be directly usable. Second generation hybrids, obtained through intercrossing elite F(1)s or through backcrosses to California adapted hybrids, are very diverse in both fruit and tree characteristics. Fruit sizes adequate for fresh marketing are obtainable in the second generation, and large-fruited clones having significantly elevated Brix levels are also observed. The fruit-ripening season has been extended by two week through breeding with Central Asian apricots, and forthcoming seedlings may extend the fruit ripening period even later. Seedlings obtained to date as a result of breeding with Central Asian apricot germplasm demonstrate that significant gains in fruit quality traits can be obtained in two generations. C1 ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM cledbetter@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-290-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2009 VL 814 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BAT33 UT WOS:000305454700005 ER PT B AU Brown, EM AF Brown, Eleanor M. GP IULTCS TI The Collagen Microfibril Model as a Tool for Leather Scientists SO XXX CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS SOCIETIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Union-of-Leather-Technologists-and-Chemists-Societies CY OCT 11-14, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Leather Technologists & Chemists Soc, China Leather Ind Assoc, Dong Ming, Fu Ying, Xingye Leather, brother, DONYON, BASF, Tingjiang Fine Chem DE collagen micofibril; molecular simulation; tanning mechanisms ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; I COLLAGEN; TERMINAL TELOPEPTIDES; HELIX RECEPTOR; C-TELOPEPTIDE; TRIPLE HELIX; FIBRIL; FIBRILLOGENESIS; CONFORMATION AB Collagen, a structural protein of the extracellular matrix, gives strength and form to the skin, tendons, bones, cornea and teeth of mammals. The discovery by early humans that the skin of an animal, slaughtered for meat, could be preserved by exposing it to smoke or rubbing with fat, led to the production of leather. Through empirical methods, a number of tanning agents with a variety of properties were identified. The methods for production of leather evolved over several centuries as art and engineering with little understanding of the underlying science. Scientific advances of the twentieth century, including increasing use of collagen in medical device research, began to provide a basis for understanding the relationship between collagen structure and function in both biology and technology. The unique structure of fibrous collagens, a Gly-X-Y repeating sequence that results in a long triple helix that further associates into fibers, makes solution based studies of protein interactions challenging. Nearly twenty years ago, leather researchers at the Eastern Regional Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture began the construction of a type I collagen microfibril model for the simulation of interactions of tanning chemistries with and between collagen triple helices. Insights gained, and possible new directions for research and development will be discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ellie.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CHINESE LEATHER INDUSTRY ASSOC PI CHENGDU PA C/O KEY LABORATORY OF LEATHER CHEM & ENG MINISTRY EDUCATION, SICHUAN UNIV, CHENGDU, 610065, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2009 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BMT67 UT WOS:000273554800002 ER PT S AU Holmes, TP Aukema, JE Von Holle, B Liebhold, A Sills, E AF Holmes, Thomas P. Aukema, Juliann E. Von Holle, Betsy Liebhold, Andrew Sills, Erin BE Ostfeld, RS Schlesinger, WH TI Economic Impacts of Invasive Species in Forests Past, Present, and Future SO YEAR IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2009 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article DE forest pests; pathogens; invasive; normative; economic; contingent valuation; hedonics; ecosystem services; chestnut blight; management; trade; gypsy moth ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; EMERALD ASH BORER; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; LAND-USE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE AB Biological invasions by nonnative species are a by-product of economic activities, with the vast majority of normative species introduced by trade and transport of products and people. Although most introduced species are relatively innocuous, a few species ultimately cause irreversible economic and ecological impacts, such as the chestnut blight that functionally eradicated the American chestnut across eastern North America. Assessments of the economic costs and losses induced by normative forest pests are required for policy development and need to adequately account for all of the economic impacts induced by rare, highly damaging pests. To date, country wide economic evaluations of forest-invasive species have proceeded by multiplying a unit value (price) by a physical quantity (volume of forest products damaged) to arrive at aggregate estimates of economic impacts. This approach is inadequate for policy development because (1) it ignores the dynamic impacts of biological invasions on the evolution of prices, quantities, and market behavior, and (2) it fails to account for the loss in the economic value of nonmarket ecosystem services, such as landscape aesthetics, outdoor recreation, and the knowledge that healthy forest ecosystems exist. A review of the literature leads one to anticipate that the greatest economic impacts of invasive species in forests are due to the loss of nonmarket values. We proposed that new methods for evaluating aggregate economic damages from forest-invasive species need to be developed that quantify market and nonmarket impacts at microscales that are then extended using spatially explicit models to provide aggregate estimates of impacts. Finally, policies that shift the burden of economic impacts from taxpayers and forest landowners onto parties responsible for introducing or spreading invasives, whether through the imposition of tariffs on products suspected of imposing unacceptable risks on native forest ecosystems or by requiring standards on the processing of trade products before they cross international boundaries, may be most effective at reducing their impacts. C1 [Aukema, Juliann E.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Holmes, Thomas P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Sills, Erin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Aukema, JE (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jaukema@alumni.brown.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 FU NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; NCEAS FX This work was conducted as part of the Ecological and Economic Impacts of Nonnative Forest Pests and Pathogens in North America working Group supported by The Nature Conservancy and The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Additional Support was also provided for JEA, the NCEAS Associate in the Group. We thank our colleagues J. Englin, B. Leung, R. Haight, D. McCullough, S. Frankel, T. Stohlgrell, E. Fleishman, C. Chivers, and K. Britton for valuable discussions. We are grateful to Gretchen Dally, Rick Ostfeld, and Robert Huggett, Jr. for comments on the manuscript. NR 134 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 11 U2 119 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-753-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1162 BP 18 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04446.x PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJI87 UT WOS:000266235600002 PM 19432643 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Micheli, CJ AF Lingafelter, Steven W. Micheli, Charyn J. TI The genus Leptostylopsis of Hispaniola (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Acanthocinini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Dominican Republic; Haiti; longhorned woodboring beetles; taxonomy; endemic species ID AUDINET-SERVILLE; BEETLES AB The generic differences and similarities between Leptostylus LcConte and Leptostylopsis Dillon (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Acanthocinini) are discussed. Leptostylopsis is redescribed and the following species are transferred from Leptostylus to Leptostylopsis: Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher 1942), comb.n.; Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher 1925), comb.n.; and Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher 1942), comb.n. Leptostylopsis hispaniolae (Fisher 1942) is a syn.n. of Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher 1942). Seven new species of Leptostylopsis from Hispaniola are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: L. basifulvus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. caliginosus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. chlorescens Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. humerofulvus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. perfasciatus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n. Redescriptions and distributional data are provided for the six previously described species known from Hispaniola, and a dichotomous key to all thirteen species of Leptostylopsis from Hispaniola is provided. C1 [Lingafelter, Steven W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Micheli, Charyn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM steve.lingafelter@ars.usda.gov; cjmicheli@gmail.com NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 17 BP 1 EP 55 DI 10.3897/zookeys.17.217 PG 55 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 486YR UT WOS:000269237500001 ER PT J AU Penev, L Sharkey, M Erwin, T van Noort, S Buffington, M Seltmann, K Johnson, N Taylor, M Thompson, FC Dallwitz, MJ AF Penev, Lyubomir Sharkey, Michael Erwin, Terry van Noort, Simon Buffington, Matthew Seltmann, Katja Johnson, Norman Taylor, Matt Thompson, F. Christian Dallwitz, Michael J. TI Data publication and dissemination of interactive keys under the open access model ZooKeys working example SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article ID TAXONOMY; GENERA; PAPER; WEB AB The concepts of publication, citation and dissemination of interactive keys and other online keys are discussed and illustrated by a sample paper published in the present issue (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.21.271). The present model is based on previous experience with several existing examples of publishing online keys. However, this model also suggests ways to publish, cite, preserve, disseminate and reuse the original data files to the benefit of future workers, the authors, and society in general. To be regarded as a "formal scientific publication," an online key should satisfy the same criteria of peer review, registration, persistence, bibliographic description, etc., as with conventional publications. Keys can be published as either "static" or "dynamic" publications. We define a "static" publication as a discrete unit of information preserved in a persistent and unchangeable way on the publishers Web site and/or on paper and consequently in conventional/electronic libraries and archives. This contrasts with the nature of the Internet, which allows and tends to encourage updating and improvement on a continuing basis. We call "dynamic" a publication of an interactive key on a Web site where its contents can be continuously updated. "Dynamic" publications meet some of the criteria of a "formal scientific publication" (identification, citation and location), while they lack other important features of it (persistence, archiving, indexing, science metric and citation metric services). Dynamic Web-based interactive keys may benefit from publishing the first version of their underlying datasets in a form of "formal scientific publication". We define here the minimum set of data files to be published for several different platforms (Intkey, Lucid2, Lucid3, MX) to ensure both (1) priority, identification, location and citation of the first published work and (2) future use and re-use of the keys. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Penev, Lyubomir] Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Sharkey, Michael] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Erwin, Terry; Thompson, F. Christian] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [van Noort, Simon] S African Museum, Iziko Museums Cape Town, Nat Hist Div, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Buffington, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Seltmann, Katja] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, Norman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Taylor, Matt] Univ Queensland, Ctr Biol Informat Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 21 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.3897/zookeys.21.274 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518RT UT WOS:000271711500001 ER PT J AU Rota, J Brown, JW AF Rota, Jadranka Brown, John W. TI A new genus and species of Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Florida, USA SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Dichrorampha-group; fruit-borer; genitalia; morphology; Lauraceae; Persea; Riculorampha antyloides; wing venation AB Riculorampha ancyloides Rota & Brown, gen. n., sp. n. from Florida, is described and illustrated. The type series was reared from the fruit of redbay, Persea borbonia (Lauraceae). The new genus is assigned provisionally to the Dichrorampha-group of genera (Grapholitini) on the basis of the following characters: forewing termen with a row of black dots, forewing fringe with a shallow subapical notch, hindwing veins R, and M, separate and parallel or subparallel, female frenulum with two bristles, and corpus bursae with a single signum. The last character is shared with Dichrorampha Guenee, Ricula Heinrich, Riculoides Pastrana, and Goditha Heinrich. C1 [Rota, Jadranka] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB 169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rotaj@si.edu RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank Jorge Pena, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida, and John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, for providing the material used in this study. We thank the following for helpful reviews of the manuscript: Robert Kula and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida; and two anonymous reviewers. JR was funded by a Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship during this work. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 23 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.3897/zookeys.23.213 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 512VW UT WOS:000271280600002 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Dellape, PM AF Henry, Thomas J. Matias Dellape, Pablo TI A new genus and species of Oxycarenidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Lygaeoidea) from Argentina SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE New World; lygaeoid; oxycarenid; Notocoderus gen. n.; argentinus sp n.; distribution; Dycoderus; relationships AB The new genus Notocoderus and the new species N. argentinus are described from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, based on two specimens taken in pitfall traps. Dorsal and lateral digital images of this new sub-brachypterous oxycarenid and Dycoderus picturatus Uhler, known only from Arizona and Colorado in the United States, are provided and their relationships with each other and other oxycarenids are discussed. A lectotype for D. picturatus is designated. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Matias Dellape, Pablo] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Div Entomol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; pdellape@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar OI Dellape, Pablo M./0000-0002-6914-1026 FU CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina) FX Partial support (to PMD) for this work was provided by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina). We thank David A. Nickle (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA), Michael G. Pogue (SEL), and Luis Cervantes Peredo (Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico) for kindly reviewing the manuscript and offering suggestions for its improvement. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 25 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.3897/zookeys.25.244 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536UL UT WOS:000273069200004 ER PT J AU Smith-Pardo, AH AF Smith-Pardo, Allan H. TI A new species of Habralictus (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from the Island of Grenada (Lesser Antilles) with comments on the insular species of the genus SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Halictidae; bees; island; taxonomy; Lesser Antilles AB A new species of the genus Habralictus Moure (Apoidea, Halictidae, Caenohalictini), Habralictus insularis sp. n., is described from the island of Grenada. A diagnosis of the genus and comments on its taxonomy and patterns of distribution are presented. C1 [Smith-Pardo, Allan H.] USDA, APHIS PPQ, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Smith-Pardo, Allan H.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Smith-Pardo, AH (reprint author), USDA, APHIS PPQ, 389 Oyster Point Blvd,Suite 2, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM allan.h.smith-pardo@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ-PIS in South San Francisco, California FX I would like to thank Dr. David Notton of the Natural History Museum, London, for kindly preparing and sending photographs of the holotype of H. claviventris. To Drs. Charles D. Michener and Victor H. Gonzalez for reading the manuscript and making valuable comments; to Drs. W J. Pulawski and N. D. Penny for opening the door for me at the Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences; to Mr. Arthur Berlowitz, OIC at the USDA-APHIS-PPQ-PIS in South San Francisco, California for their continuous support and friendship; and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and contributions to this paper. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 27 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.3897/zookeys.27.265 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536UM UT WOS:000273069300005 ER PT J AU Chamorro-Lacayo, ML Konstantinov, AS AF Chamorro-Lacayo, M. Lourdes Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI Synopsis of warty leaf beetle genera of the World (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Chlamisini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Chlamisini; Cryptocephalinae; leaf beetles; key; genera; world; new name ID NEOCHLAMISUS KARREN AB The 11 world genera of Chlamisini Gressitt are reviewed, diagnosed, and illustrated. A key for their identification is provided. A replacement name is proposed, Kakita Chamorro-Lacayo & Konstantinov, nom. n., for Ceratochlamys Bokermann, 1961, a junior homonym of Ceratochlamys Habe, 1946 (Mollusca). Chlamisus rousei Medvedev, 1993 is designated as a junior synonym of Chlamisus straminea Suffrian, 1866, syn. n. C1 [Chamorro-Lacayo, M. Lourdes] Smithsonian Univ, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chamorro-Lacayo, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Univ, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chamorrom@si.edu; alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 8 BP 63 EP 88 DI 10.3897/zookeys.8.90 PG 26 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 452DV UT WOS:000266521100005 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML van Noort, S AF Buffington, Matt L. van Noort, Simon TI A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Aspicerinae; genus revision; species revision; host record; Syrphidae ID CYNIPOIDEA; PHYLOGENY AB Anacharoides Cameron is revised and six species are recognized: A. nicknacki Buffington & van Noort, sp. n., A. pallida Quinlan, A. paragi Benoit, A. quadrus Quinlan, A. striaticeps Cameron and A. stygius Benoit. A key to species is provided. Anacharoides striaticeps was determined to be a variable species, and consequently a number of names have been proposed for this species. Here we clarify the identity of A. striaticeps and provide evidence for the following new synonymies of A. striaticeps: Anacharoides elongaticornis Benoit, syn. n., Anacharoides eurytergis Benoit, syn. n., Anacharoides decellius Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides sanitas Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides nigra Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides arcus Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides suspensus Quinlan, syn. n.. The holotype of Anacharoides rufa (Kieffer) is lost; examination of a specimen possibly determined by Kieffer from 1913 housed in the Museum is conspecific with A. pallida, but no nomenclature action is pursued at this time. The syn. n. of A. astrida Quinlan with A. quadrus is also hypothesized. Definitive host records for the genus, based on isolated puparia, are reported to be the syrphids Ischiodon Sack and Paragus Latreille. Species of this genus of figitid wasp are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, the southern Arabian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. Images of all species contained within this paper are available from http://morphbank.net. An online Lucid interactive key to species of Anacharoides and images are available at http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Figitidae/Aspicerinae/Anacharoides/index.htm. C1 [Buffington, Matt L.] NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [van Noort, Simon] Iziko S African Museum, Nat Hist Div, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 FU South African National Research Foundation [GUN 61497]; Italian/South African Scientific and Technological Co-operation [GUN 2068865] FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to all curators that made generous loans of specimens for our examination in this project. We would also like Sonja Scheffer and Thomas Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Washington DC, and Scott Solomon (Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions to the manuscript. Finally, we thank Norm Johnson (Ohio State University) for organizing this special issue of ZooKeys in honor of Lubomir Masner (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa), a true pioneer in the study of Hymenoptera. MLB thanks the Systematic Entomology Laboratory for providing travel funds to South Africa to initiate this project with SvN. This work was supported in part by a South African National Research Foundation grant GUN 61497 (SvN) and an Italian/South African Scientific and Technological Co-operation grant GUN 2068865 awarded to SvN and Prof. M. Olmi (University of Tuscia). NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 20 SI SI BP 245 EP 274 DI 10.3897/zookeys.20.124 PG 30 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518RR UT WOS:000271711300012 ER PT J AU Paixao, TA Neta, AVC Paiva, NO Reis, JR Barbosa, MS Serra, CV Silva, RR Beckham, TR Martin, BM Clarke, NP Adams, LG Santos, RL AF Paixao, Tatiane A. Carvalho Neta, Alcina V. Paiva, Naimes O. Reis, Jorge R. Barbosa, Meirivan S. Serra, Claudia V. Silva, Rene R. Beckham, Tammy R. Martin, Barbara M. Clarke, Neville P. Adams, L. Garry Santos, Renato L. TI Diagnosis of foot-and mouth disease by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction under field conditions in Brazil SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RT-PCR; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; RAPID DETECTION; VIRAL-RNA; VIRUS; MACHINE; PRIMERS; CULTURE; ASSAY AB Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important and highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. Virus isolation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the gold standard tests for diagnosis of FMD. As these methods are time consuming, assays based on viral nucleic acid amplification have been developed. Results: A previously described real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay with high sensitivity and specificity under laboratorial and experimental conditions was used in the current study. To verify the applicability of this assay under field conditions in Brazil, 460 oral swabs from cattle were collected in areas free of FMD (n = 200) and from areas with outbreaks of FMD (n = 260). Three samples from areas with outbreaks of FMD were positive by real-time RT-PCR, and 2 of those samples were positive by virus isolation and ELISA. Four other samples were considered inconclusive by real-time RT-PCR (threshold cycle [Ct] > 40); whereas all 200 samples from an area free of FMD were real-time RT-PCR negative. Conclusion: real-time RT-PCR is a powerful technique for reliable detection of FMDV in a fraction of the time required for virus isolation and ELISA. However, it is noteworthy that lack of infrastructure in certain areas with high risk of FMD may be a limiting factor for using real-time RTPCR as a routine diagnostic tool. C1 [Paixao, Tatiane A.; Carvalho Neta, Alcina V.; Santos, Renato L.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin & Cirurgia Vet, Escola Vet, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Paiva, Naimes O.; Reis, Jorge R.; Barbosa, Meirivan S.; Silva, Rene R.] Lab Nacl Agropecuario Para, Belem, PA, Brazil. [Serra, Claudia V.] Lab Nacl Agropecuario Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil. [Beckham, Tammy R.] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX USA. [Martin, Barbara M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Clarke, Neville P.] Natl Ctr Excellence Foreign Anim & Zoonot Dieseas, College Stn, TX USA. [Adams, L. Garry] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Santos, RL (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin & Cirurgia Vet, Escola Vet, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM tatipaixao.vet@hotmail.com; alcinavcn@yahoo.com; naimespaiva@agricultura.gov.br; jorgereis@agricultura.gov.br; meirivanbarbosa@agricultura.gov.br; cvserra@yahoo.com.br; renesilva@agricultura.gov.br; tbeckham@tvmdl.tamu.edu; Barbara.M.Martin@aphis.usda.gov; n-clarke@tamu.edu; gadams@cvm.tamu.edu; rsantos@vet.ufmg.br RI Santos, Renato/A-1134-2008; Paixao, Tatiane/A-2871-2013; Pecuaria brasileira, Inct/J-9542-2013 OI Santos, Renato/0000-0002-4830-0470; Paixao, Tatiane/0000-0001-8284-9902; FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement [1940 32000 041 02S] FX The authors are grateful to Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento ( MAPA), particularly Dr. Lucia Maia; to the Laboratorios Nacionais Agropecuarios ( LANAGROs) in Pedro Leopoldo ( State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and in Belem ( State of Para, Brazil), particularly Dr. Francisco Airton Nogueira and Mr. Walmir do Espirito Santo Lopes; and to the Agencia Estadual de Defesa Sanitaria Animal e Vegetal ( IAGRO) in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, particularly Drs. Carlos Fernando Piva Raymundo and Claudio Watabe. R. L. Santos is a recipient of a fellowship from CNPq ( Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brasalia, Brazil). L. Garry Adams as Principal Investigator was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement project # 1940 32000 041 02S agreement number 58-1940-30321. The authors thank Drs. Dan Rock and Luis Rodriquez for facilitation and guidance in the performance of this project. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 4 AR 53 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-4-53 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407EB UT WOS:000263345300001 PM 19117507 ER PT J AU Shogren, R Biresaw, G AF Shogren, Randal Biresaw, Girma TI Surface properties of water soluble maltodextrin, starch acetates and starch acetate/alkenylsuccinates (vol 298, pg 170, 2007) SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Correction C1 [Shogren, Randal] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Biresaw, Girma] USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Randy.Shogren@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 331 IS 3 BP 275 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.09.038 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 387FG UT WOS:000261936500018 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Ward, TJ AF Rooney, Alejandro P. Ward, Todd J. TI Birth-and-death evolution of the internalin multigene family in Listeria SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Gene family; Bacteria; Lateral transfer; Paralog-sorting ID LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT; PROKARYOTE EVOLUTION; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENE DUPLICATION; MONOCYTOGENES; PROTEIN; VIRULENCE; IVANOVII; REGIONS AB The birth-and-death model of multigene family evolution describes patterns of gene origination, diversification and loss within multigene families. Since it was first developed in the 19908, the model has been found to characterize a large number of eukaryotic multigene families. In this paper, we report for the first time a bacterial multigene family that undergoes birth-and-death evolution. By analyzing the evolutionary relationships among internalins, a relatively large and diverse family of genes associated with key virulence functions in Listeria, we demonstrate the importance of birth-and-death evolution in the diversification of this important bacterial pathogen. We also detected two instances of lateral gene transfer within the internalins, but the estimated frequency would have been much higher had it not been analyzed within the context of birth-and-death evolutionary dynamics and a phenomenon that we term "paralog-sorting", which involves the unequal transmittal of gene duplicates during or subsequent to the speciation process. As such, in addition to providing the first demonstration of birth-and-death evolution within a bacterial multigene family, our results indicate that the extent of lateral transfer in bacterial multigene families should be re-examined in the light of birth-and-death evolution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rooney, Alejandro P.; Ward, Todd J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM alejandro.rooney@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 427 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2008.09.007 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 378VX UT WOS:000261353800017 PM 18840511 ER PT J AU DeFraia, CT Schmelz, EA Mou, ZL AF DeFraia, Christopher T. Schmelz, Eric A. Mou, Zhonglin TI A rapid biosensor-based method for quantification of free and glucose-conjugated salicylic acid SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE; ACINETOBACTER SP ADP1; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INTERNAL STANDARD; DEFENSE RESPONSES; PLANT DEFENSE; CELL-DEATH AB Background: Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signalling molecule in plant defenses against biotrophic pathogens. It is also involved in several other processes such as heat production, flowering, and germination. SA exists in the plant as free SA and as an inert glucose conjugate (salicylic acid 2-O-beta-D-glucoside or SAG). Recently, Huang et al. developed a bacterial biosensor that responds to free SA but not SAG, designated as Acinetobacter sp. ADPWH_lux. In this paper we describe an improved methodology for Acinetobacter sp. ADPWH_lux-based free SA quantification, enabling high-throughput analysis, and present an approach for the quantification of SAG from crude plant extracts. Results: On the basis of the original biosensor-based method, we optimized extraction and quantification. SAG content was determined by treating crude extracts with beta-glucosidase, then measuring the released free SA with the biosensor. beta-glucosidase treatment released more SA in acetate buffer extract than in Luria-Bertani (LB) extract, while enzymatic hydrolysis in either solution released more free SA than acid hydrolysis. The biosensor-based method detected higher amounts of SA in pathogen-infected plants than did a GC/MS-based method. SA quantification of control and pathogen-treated wild-type and sid2 (SA induction-deficient) plants demonstrated the efficacy of the method described. Using the methods detailed here, we were able to detect as little as 0.28 mu g SA/g FW. Samples typically had a standard deviation of up to 25% of the mean. Conclusion: The ability of Acinetobacter sp. ADPWH_lux to detect SA in a complex mixture, combined with the enzymatic hydrolysis of SAG in crude extract, allowed the development of a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method to simultaneously measure free and glucose-conjugated SA. This approach is amenable to a high-throughput format, which would further reduce the cost and time required for biosensor-based SA quantification. Possible applications of this approach include characterization of enzymes involved in SA metabolism, analysis of temporal changes in SA levels, and isolation of mutants with aberrant SA accumulation. C1 [DeFraia, Christopher T.; Mou, Zhonglin] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmelz, Eric A.] Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Mou, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, POB 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cdefraia@ufl.edu; eric.schmelz@ars.usda.gov; zhlmou@ufl.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X FU Herman Frasch Foundation for Chemical Research; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Florida; Alumni Fellowship from the University of Florida FX We thank Dr. Ian Blaby (University of Florida, FL) for critical reading of the manuscript, Dr. Hui Wang (NERC/Centre for Ecology and HydrologyOxford, Oxford, UK) for the SA biosensor strain Acinetobacter sp. ADPWH_ lux and technical assistance with the SA measurement, and Drs. Max Teplitski (University of Florida, FL) for access to the Victor3 Perkin Ellmer Multi-Detection Microplate Reader and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Herman Frasch Foundation for Chemical Research and a research innovation grant from the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida awarded to ZM. CD was supported by an Alumni Fellowship from the University of Florida. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 4 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-4-28 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 450TL UT WOS:000266423600001 PM 19117519 ER PT J AU Varani, AD Souza, RC Nakaya, HI de Lima, WC de Almeida, LGP Kitajima, EW Chen, J Civerolo, E Vasconcelos, ATR Van Sluys, MA AF Varani, Alessandro de Mello Souza, Rangel Celso Nakaya, Helder I. de Lima, Wanessa Cristina Paula de Almeida, Luiz Gonzaga Kitajima, Elliot Watanabe Chen, Jianchi Civerolo, Edwin Ribeiro Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza Van Sluys, Marie-Anne TI Origins of the Xylella fastidiosa Prophage-Like Regions and Their Impact in Genome Differentiation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram negative plant pathogen causing many economically important diseases, and analyses of completely sequenced X. fastidiosa genome strains allowed the identification of many prophage-like elements and possibly phage remnants, accounting for up to 15% of the genome composition. To better evaluate the recent evolution of the X. fastidiosa chromosome backbone among distinct pathovars, the number and location of prophage-like regions on two finished genomes (9a5c and Temecula1), and in two candidate molecules (Ann1 and Dixon) were assessed. Based on comparative best bidirectional hit analyses, the majority (51%) of the predicted genes in the X. fastidiosa prophage-like regions are related to structural phage genes belonging to the Siphoviridae family. Electron micrograph reveals the existence of putative viral particles with similar morphology to lambda phages in the bacterial cell in planta. Moreover, analysis of microarray data indicates that 9a5c strain cultivated under stress conditions presents enhanced expression of phage anti-repressor genes, suggesting switches from lysogenic to lytic cycle of phages under stress-induced situations. Furthermore, virulence-associated proteins and toxins are found within these prophage-like elements, thus suggesting an important role in host adaptation. Finally, clustering analyses of phage integrase genes based on multiple alignment patterns reveal they group in five lineages, all possessing a tyrosine recombinase catalytic domain, and phylogenetically close to other integrases found in phages that are genetic mosaics and able to perform generalized and specialized transduction. Integration sites and tRNA association is also evidenced. In summary, we present comparative and experimental evidence supporting the association and contribution of phage activity on the differentiation of Xylella genomes. C1 [Varani, Alessandro de Mello; de Lima, Wanessa Cristina; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, Genome & Transposable Elements Lab GaTE Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Souza, Rangel Celso; Paula de Almeida, Luiz Gonzaga; Ribeiro Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza] Lab Nacl Comput Cient, LABINFO, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Nakaya, Helder I.] Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kitajima, Elliot Watanabe] Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, Jianchi; Civerolo, Edwin] San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. RP Varani, AD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, Genome & Transposable Elements Lab GaTE Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mavsluys@gmail.com RI Nakaya, Helder/A-1397-2010; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/A-8483-2012; Kitajima, Elliot/C-2764-2012; Almeida, Luiz/G-5829-2012; de Mello Varani, Alessandro/F-6887-2011; 2, INCT/G-6506-2013; Bioetanol, Inct/I-1068-2013; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza/I-1011-2012; IB/USP, Botanica/Q-7627-2016 OI Nakaya, Helder/0000-0001-5297-9108; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-6506-2734; Kitajima, Elliot/0000-0002-9138-2918; Almeida, Luiz/0000-0002-7124-2715; de Mello Varani, Alessandro/0000-0002-8876-3269; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza/0000-0002-4632-2086; IB/USP, Botanica/0000-0002-4192-3747 FU CAPES [PhD fellowship]; FAPESP [fellowship]; USDA-ARS; CNPq FX AMV was recipient of a CAPES PhD fellowship. WCL was recipient of a TT-5 FAPESP fellowship. The present work was supported by grants from USDA-ARS, FAPESP and CNPq to MAVS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 12 AR e4059 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004059 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437DO UT WOS:000265466600002 ER PT J AU Vanengelsdorp, D Hayes, J Underwood, RM Pettis, J AF vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Hayes, Jerry, Jr. Underwood, Robyn M. Pettis, Jeffery TI A Survey of Honey Bee Colony Losses in the US, Fall 2007 to Spring 2008 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Honey bees are an essential component of modern agriculture. A recently recognized ailment, Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), devastates colonies, leaving hives with a complete lack of bees, dead or alive. Up to now, estimates of honey bee population decline have not included losses occurring during the wintering period, thus underestimating actual colony mortality. Our survey quantifies the extent of colony losses in the United States over the winter of 2007-2008. Methodology/Principal Findings: Surveys were conducted to quantify and identify management factors (e. g. operation size, hive migration) that contribute to high colony losses in general and CCD symptoms in particular. Over 19% of the country's estimated 2.44 million colonies were surveyed. A total loss of 35.8% of colonies was recorded; an increase of 11.4% compared to last year. Operations that pollinated almonds lost, on average, the same number of colonies as those that did not. The 37.9% of operations that reported having at least some of their colonies die with a complete lack of bees had a total loss of 40.8% of colonies compared to the 17.1% loss reported by beekeepers without this symptom. Large operations were more likely to have this symptom suggesting that a contagious condition may be a causal factor. Sixty percent of all colonies that were reported dead in this survey died without dead bees, and thus possibly suffered from CCD. In PA, losses varied with region, indicating that ambient temperature over winter may be an important factor. Conclusions/Significance: Of utmost importance to understanding the recent losses and CCD is keeping track of losses over time and on a large geographic scale. Given that our surveys are representative of the losses across all beekeeping operations, between 0.75 and 1.00 million honey bee colonies are estimated to have died in the United States over the winter of 2007-2008. This article is an extensive survey of U. S. beekeepers across the continent, serving as a reference for comparison with future losses as well as providing guidance to future hypothesis-driven research on the causes of colony mortality. C1 Bur Plant Ind Apiculture, Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA USA. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Underwood, Robyn M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hayes, Jerry, Jr.] Florida State Dept Agr, Bur Plant & Apiary Inspect, Div Plant Ind, Apiary Inspect Sect, Gainesville, FL USA. [Pettis, Jeffery] USDA, ARS Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Vanengelsdorp, D (reprint author), Bur Plant Ind Apiculture, Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA USA. EM dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com RI vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 FU Pennsylvania and Florida Departments of Agriculture; United States Department of Agriculture - Ag. Research Station in Beltsville, MD FX Funding was provided by the Pennsylvania and Florida Departments of Agriculture and United States Department of Agriculture - Ag. Research Station in Beltsville, MD. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 15 TC 188 Z9 194 U1 27 U2 211 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 12 AR e4071 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004071 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437DL UT WOS:000265466300011 PM 19115015 ER PT J AU Brisibe, EA Uyoh, EA Brisibe, F Magalhaes, PM Ferreira, JFS AF Brisibe, Ebiamadon Andi Uyoh, Edak A. Brisibe, Fraideh Magalhaees, Pedro M. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. TI Building a golden triangle for the production and use of artemisinin derivatives against falciparum malaria in Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Artemisia annua; ACTs; biotechnology; malaria; Plasmodium spp. ID ANNUA L.; IN-VITRO; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; IMPROVED GROWTH; ROOT CULTURES; HAIRY ROOTS; RESISTANCE; ARTEMETHER; ACID AB Use of the conventional quinoline- and sulphanamide-based drugs for the symptomatic treatment of malaria is gradually being replaced by artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) due to increasing resistance by the Plasmodium parasite. This development has drastically increased artemisinin demand worldwide, and Artemisia annua L. is currently the only commercial source for the supply of this vital antimalarial drug to the international market. Recent advances, however, demonstrate that the production of isoprenoid precursors in microorganisms is a feasible complementary strategy that would help reduce artemisinin cost in the future. The key genes encoding for enzymes regulating the biosynthesis of artemisinin in planta are fully understood to enable metabolic engineering of the pathway, and results from pilot genetic engineering studies in microbial strains thus far are very inspiring. This review, therefore, explores the current status of artemisinin derived drugs against malaria and highlights some implications of crop agronomy, biotechnology and solvent extraction strategies in enhancing the total yield of artemisinin for the production of ACTs, which are responsible for saving the lives of countless numbers of patients in malaria-stricken societies and are currently in very high demand, especially in Africa. C1 [Brisibe, Ebiamadon Andi; Uyoh, Edak A.] Univ Calabar, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, Calabar, Nigeria. [Brisibe, Ebiamadon Andi] Mol Bio Sci Ltd, Calabar, Nigeria. [Brisibe, Fraideh] Univ Maiduguri, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Maiduguri, Nigeria. [Magalhaees, Pedro M.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Chem Biol & Agr Pluridisciplinary Res Ctr CPQBA, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Brisibe, EA (reprint author), Univ Calabar, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, Calabar, Nigeria. EM brisibe2002@yahoo.co.uk OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD DEC 29 PY 2008 VL 7 IS 25 BP 4884 EP 4896 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 429DZ UT WOS:000264902300032 ER PT J AU Dia, VP Berhow, MA De Mejiat, EG AF Dia, Vermont P. Berhow, Mark A. De Mejiat, Elvipa Gonzalez TI Bowman-Birk Inhibitor and Genistein among Soy Compounds That Synergistically Inhibit Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E-2 Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Inflammation; synergistic interaction; antagonistic interaction; isobolographic analysis; NO/INOS; PGE(2)/COX-2; soybean bioactive compounds ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; POTENTIAL MECHANISMS; CANCER; PROTEIN; CELLS; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; CARCINOGENESIS; ISOFLAVONES AB Inflammation has an important role in the development of chronic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of eight soybean bioactive compounds using lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Genistein, daidzein, a mix of isoflavone glucosides, saponin A group glycosides (saponin A), saponin B group glycosides (saponin B), sapogenol B, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), lunasin, and pepsin-pancreatin glycinin hydrolysates were tested by measuring their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) inflammatory pathways. Of the eight soy bioactive compounds (SBCs) tested, BBI and sapogenol B resulted in the highest inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses at a concentration 10 times lower than the one used for the other compounds. Also, sapogenol B and genistein (molar ratio 1:1) synergistically inhibited NO and additively inhibited PGE(2). Saponin A group glycosides showed inhibition of the iNOS/NO pathway only, while pepsin-pancreatin glycinin hydrolysates enhanced induction and production of the four inflammatory responses. For the first time, synergistic interactions were observed between BBI and genistein inhibiting NO (92.7%) and PGE(2) (95.6%) production. An antagonistic interaction was observed between the saponin B group glycosides and sapogenol B. All interactions were further confirmed by isobolographic analysis. These findings demonstrated that some SBCs possess anti-inflammatory properties and therefore are important in modulating mammalian inflammation pathways which may lead to inhibition of some types of chronic disease. Furthermore, through their interaction they can modulate the inflammatory process. C1 [Dia, Vermont P.; De Mejiat, Elvipa Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Berhow, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP De Mejiat, EG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 228 ERML,MC-051,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM edemejia@uiuc.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [AG 2005-34505-15767]; Illinois Soybean Association FX This study was funded by the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES), AG 2005-34505-15767 Future Foods IL, and by the Illinois Soybean Association. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the products, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 24 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 24 BP 11707 EP 11717 DI 10.1021/jf802475z PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 385GJ UT WOS:000261802400023 PM 19053380 ER PT J AU Kozukue, N Yoon, KS Byun, GI Misoo, S Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Kozukue, Nobuyuki Yoon, Kyung-Soon Byun, Gwang-In Misoo, Shuji Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Distribution of Glycoalkaloids in Potato Tubers of 59 Accessions of Two Wild and Five Cultivated Solanum Species SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wild-type potatoes; HPLC; TLC; GC; GC/MS; potato glycoalkaloids; new glycoalkaloids; solanthrene; potato breeding ID BITTER EXHIBITING RESISTANCE; INFESTANS MONT DEBARY; PALLIDA STONE BEHRENS; NUCLEAR-DNA MARKERS; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ALPHA-CHACONINE; CANCER-CELLS AB Steroidal glycoalkaloids are naturally occurring, secondary plant metabolites that are found in foods, including potatoes and tomatoes. Their content in plants is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors. Glycoalkaloid profiles can be passed to progenies during breeding and hybridization of wild and cultivated potatoes designed to develop improved potatoes. The most common potato, Solanum tuberosum, contains primarily the glycoalkaloids, (x-solanine and (x-chaconine. However, wild-type potatoes being used for breeding new varieties contain other, less common glycoalkaloids. Because glycoalkaloid composition is a major criterion for the release of new potato cultivars, we used HPLC, TLC, GC, and GC/MS to determine their nature and content in several Solanum species widely used in potato breeding and hybridization programs. Solanum tuberosum, as well as S. andigena and S. stenotomum, contained alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. S. canasense was found to contain only dehydrocommersonine. S. acaule contained alpha-tomatine and demissine. S. juzepczukii and S. curtilobum contained demissine and two previously unidentified glycoalkaloids. We characterized them as demissidine-glucose/rhamnose (1/1 ratio) and demissidine-galactose/glucose/rhamnose (1/1/1 ratio), tentatively named dihydro-beta(1)-chaconine and dihydrosolanine, respectively. We found extensive variability in the glycoalkaloid profiles in the tested potato varieties. The possible significance of these findings for plant breeding and food safety is discussed. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Yoon, Kyung-Soon; Byun, Gwang-In] Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food Technol & Food Serv Ind, Gyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Misoo, Shuji] Kobe Univ, Dept Plant Resource Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 24 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 24 BP 11920 EP 11928 DI 10.1021/jf802631t PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 385GJ UT WOS:000261802400051 PM 19053181 ER PT J AU Myung, K Narciso, JA Manthey, JA AF Myung, Kyung Narciso, Jan A. Manthey, John A. TI Removal of Furanocoumarins in Grapefruit Juice by Edible Fungi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Edible fungi; furanocoumarins; food binding; adsorption; bergamottin; 6 ',7 '-dihydroxybergamottin; grapefruit juice; drug interaction ID HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; ORANGE JUICE; DERIVATIVES; FLAVONOIDS; INHIBITION; MUSHROOMS; BINDING; CLOUD; PEEL AB Furanocoumarins (FCs) in the human diet irreversibly inhibit human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) and are responsible for the "grapefruit/drug" interaction phenomenon. Previously, we reported that FCs in grapefruit juice (GFJ) bind to autoclaved Aspergillus niger, and this binding reduced the GFJ inhibition of CYP 3A4. However, A. niger is not an edible fungus, and thus, potentially similar binding by edible fungi was also characterized. In this study, autoclaved Morchella esculenta, an edible ascomycete, removed much of the FC content in GFJ, resulting in decreased inhibition of CYP 3A4 activity by the GFJ. Three other edible fungi, Monascus purpureus, Pleurotus sapidus, and Agaricus bisporus, were evaluated for their binding with two of the major FCs in GFJ, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB) and bergamottin (BM). These autoclaved edible fungi removed these FCs from GFJ, similar to M. esculenta, indicating that binding is a general, passive interaction between FCs and fungal hyphae. The removal of FCs was independent of pH in GFJ. Dried fungal material of M. esculenta was also effective in removing FCs from GFJ and occurred with GFJ samples prepared from both fresh grapefruit and GFJ concentrate. C1 [Myung, Kyung; Narciso, Jan A.; Manthey, John A.] ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Myung, K (reprint author), ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM kyung.myung@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 24 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 24 BP 12064 EP 12068 DI 10.1021/jf802713g PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 385GJ UT WOS:000261802400072 PM 19012403 ER PT J AU Held, MA Penning, B Brandt, AS Kessans, SA Yong, WD Scofield, SR Carpita, NC AF Held, Michael A. Penning, Bryan Brandt, Amanda S. Kessans, Sarah A. Yong, Weidong Scofield, Steven R. Carpita, Nicholas C. TI Small-interfering RNAs from natural antisense transcripts derived from a cellulose synthase gene modulate cell wall biosynthesis in barley SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CesA/Csl genes; cis-NAT pairs; RNA regulation; small RNAs; VIGS ID ENDOGENOUS SIRNAS; MESSENGER-RNAS; MIXED-LINKAGE; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANT; REQUIRES; MAIZE; DNA AB Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from natural cis-antisense pairs derived from the 3'-coding region of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) CesA6 cellulose synthase gene substantially increase in abundance during leaf elongation. Strand-specific RT-PCR confirmed the presence of an antisense transcript of HvCesA6 that extends >= 1230 bp from the 3' end of the CesA-coding sequence. The increases in abundance of the CesA6 antisense transcript and the 21-nt and 24-nt siRNAs derived from the transcript are coincident with the down-regulation of primary wall CesAs, several CsI genes, and GT8 glycosyl transferase genes, and are correlated with the reduction in rates of cellulose and (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan synthesis. Virus induced gene silencing using unique target sequences derived from HvCesA genes attenuated expression not only of the HvCesA6 gene, but also of numerous nontarget CsIs and the distantly related GT8 genes and reduced the incorporation of D-C-14-Glc into cellulose and into mixed-linkage (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucans of the developing leaves. Unique target sequences for CsIF and CsIH conversely silenced the same genes and lowered rates of cellulose and (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan synthesis. Our results indicate that the expression of individual members of the CesA/CsI superfamily and glycosyl transferases share common regulatory control points, and siRNAs from natural cis-antisense pairs derived from the CesA/CsI superfamily could function in this global regulation of cell-wall synthesis. C1 [Held, Michael A.; Penning, Bryan; Kessans, Sarah A.; Yong, Weidong; Carpita, Nicholas C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brandt, Amanda S.; Scofield, Steven R.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Carpita, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM carpita@purdue.edu RI Scofield, Steven/C-3868-2016; OI Held, Michael/0000-0003-2604-8048 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Energy Biosciences [DE-FG02-05ER15654]; Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station [2007-18,250] FX We thank Dr. Federica Brandizzi for helpful discussions. This work was supported by Grant DE-FG02-05ER15654 from the U. S. Department of Energy, Energy Biosciences. This is article No. 2007-18,250 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 51 BP 20534 EP 20539 DI 10.1073/pnas.0809408105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 388BP UT WOS:000261995600092 PM 19075248 ER PT J AU Abdu, H Robinson, DA Seyfried, M Jones, SB AF Abdu, H. Robinson, D. A. Seyfried, M. Jones, S. B. TI Geophysical imaging of watershed subsurface patterns and prediction of soil texture and water holding capacity SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MOISTURE; IDAHO; INSTRUMENTS; HYDROLOGY; DATABASE AB The spatial distribution of subsurface soil textural properties across the landscape is an important control on the hydrological and ecological function of a watershed. Traditional methods of mapping soils involving subjective assignment of soil boundaries are inadequate for studies requiring a quantitative assessment of the landscape and its subsurface connectivity and storage capacity. Geophysical methods such as electromagnetic induction (EMI) provide the possibility of obtaining high- resolution images across a landscape to identify subtle changes in subsurface soil patterns. In this work we show how EMI can be used to image the subsurface of a similar to 38 ha watershed. We present an imaging approach using kriging to interpolate and sequential Gaussian simulation to estimate the uncertainty in the maps. We also explore the idea of difference EC(a) mapping to try to exploit changes in soil moisture to identify more hydrologically active locations. In addition, we use a digital elevation model to identify flow paths and compare these with the EC(a) measurement as a function of distance. Finally, we perform a more traditional calibration of EC(a) with clay percentage across the watershed and determine soil water holding capacity (SWHC). The values of SWHC range from 0.07 to 0.22 m(3) m(-3) across the watershed, which contrast with the uniform value of 0.13 derived from the traditional soil survey maps. Additional work is needed to appropriately interpret and incorporate EMI data into hydrological studies; however, we argue that there is considerable merit in identifying subsurface soil patterns from these geophysical images. C1 [Abdu, H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jones, S. B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Robinson, D. A.] Univ W Indies, Dept Food Prod, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Seyfried, M.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Abdu, H (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM hiruy.abdu@aggiemail.usu.edu RI Jones, Scott/A-9745-2010; Robinson, David/A-6287-2010 OI Jones, Scott/0000-0002-3804-8785; Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867 FU National Science Foundation [03-26064, 04-47287]; Inland Northwest Research Alliance (INRA); Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah FX We would like to thank Rosemary Knight at Stanford University for the support of the CUAHSI HMF Geophysics facility. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants 03-26064 and 04-47287. This research was supported by a grant from the Inland Northwest Research Alliance (INRA) and by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, approved as journal paper 8013. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The use of firm, trade and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by CUAHSI, NSF, the United States government, or the authors and their respective institutions. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00D18 DI 10.1029/2008WR007043 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 388UR UT WOS:000262045300001 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Reedy, RC Baumhardt, RL Strassberg, G AF Scanlon, B. R. Reedy, R. C. Baumhardt, R. L. Strassberg, G. TI Impact of deep plowing on groundwater recharge in a semiarid region: Case study, High Plains, Texas SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; WATER; SOIL; TILLAGE; AUSTRALIA; SYSTEMS AB Groundwater recharge is critical in semiarid regions where aquifers are currently being mined for intensive irrigation. Land use management related to agriculture can be used to control partitioning of water near the land surface and to potentially manage water resources. The purpose of this study was to quantify impacts of deep plowing in rainfed (nonirrigated) agriculture in a semiarid region on groundwater recharge, which had not been previously evaluated. Deep (0.7 m) plowing was conducted once in 1971 to remove low-permeability soil layers (0.15-0.70 m deep) in Pullman clay loam ( 20,000 km 2 area) in a bench terrace system in the semiarid High Plains in Texas ( USA). Deep plowing was followed by conventional tillage. Boreholes were drilled in deep plowed cropland ( three boreholes) and also beneath conventionally tilled cropland ( four) and natural ecosystems ( three) to provide baseline controls. Soil samples were analyzed for water content, chloride concentrations, and matric potentials to quantify subsurface water movement. Bulges of chloride that accumulated beneath natural ecosystems during the past 9,000-14,000 years (Holocene period) provided a marker to quantify time-integrated response of subsurface drainage to hydrologic forcing in deep-plowed cropland. Displacement of chloride bulges to depths of 10.7, 12.3, and 13.7 m beneath deep-plowed cropland indicate minimum drainage rates of 58, 60, and 81 mm/a, whereas drainage beneath conventionally tilled cropland ranged from 0 (nonterraced) to 9 and 14 mm/a (bench terraced). Deep plowing slightly increased crop yield during wet years by reducing waterlogging. If deep plowing were applied to 10% of the Pullman soils, it could increase regional volumetric recharge by 0.1 km(3)/a, which is similar to the current regional volumetric recharge. Low-permeability soil layers are widespread in cropland areas globally, and deep plowing could greatly enhance groundwater recharge in such areas, which is critical in semiarid regions where recharge is negligible. C1 [Scanlon, B. R.; Reedy, R. C.; Strassberg, G.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Baumhardt, R. L.] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Pickle Res Campus,Bldg 130,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 FU Bureau of Reclamation; Department of Energy; Jackson School of Geosciences FX We would like to acknowledge funding from the Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy, and the Jackson School of Geosciences for funding this study. We would like to thank O.R. Jones for developing and maintaining the deep plow project. Technical review comments provided by Kent Keller and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved the manuscript. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00A10 DI 10.1029/2008WR006991 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 386NE UT WOS:000261889100002 ER PT J AU Jaffe, R McKnight, D Maie, N Cory, R McDowell, WH Campbell, JL AF Jaffe, R. McKnight, D. Maie, N. Cory, R. McDowell, W. H. Campbell, J. L. TI Spatial and temporal variations in DOM composition in ecosystems: The importance of long-term monitoring of optical properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; EXCITATION-EMISSION MATRIX; PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CARBON; ENVIRONMENTS; EVERGLADES; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Source, transformation, and preservation mechanisms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) remain elemental questions in contemporary marine and aquatic sciences and represent a missing link in models of global elemental cycles. Although the chemical character of DOM is central to its fate in the global carbon cycle, DOM characterizations in long-term ecological research programs are rarely performed. We analyzed the variability in the quality of 134 DOM samples collected from 12 Long Term Ecological Research stations by quantification of organic carbon and nitrogen concentration in addition to analysis of UV-visible absorbance and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence spectra were further characterized by parallel factor analysis. There was a large range in both concentration and quality of the DOM, with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration ranging from less than 1 mgC/L to over 30 mgC/L. The ranges of specific UV absorbance and fluorescence parameters suggested significant variations in DOM composition within a specific study area, on both spatial and temporal scales. There was no correlation between DOC concentration and any DOM quality parameter, illustrating that comparing across biomes, large variations in DOM quality are not necessarily associated with corresponding large ranges in DOC concentrations. The data presented here emphasize that optical properties of DOM can be highly variable and controlled by different physical (e. g., hydrology), chemical (e. g., photoreactivity/redox conditions), and biological (e. g., primary productivity) processes, and as such can have important ecological consequences. This study demonstrates that relatively simple DOM absorbance and/or fluorescence measurements can be incorporated into long-term ecological research and monitoring programs, resulting in advanced understanding of organic matter dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Jaffe, R.; Maie, N.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Campbell, J. L.] US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McDowell, W. H.] Univ New Hampshire, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McKnight, D.; Cory, R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jaffe, R.; Maie, N.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [McKnight, D.; Cory, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jaffe, R (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, 11200 Southwest 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM jaffer@fiu.edu RI Cory, Rose/C-2277-2009; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU NSF LTER Network Office; FCE [DEB-9910514]; NWT [DEB-9810218]; MCM [OPP0096250]; LTER FX The authors thank the NSF LTER Network Office for financial support of the DOM Quality Workshop through which the collection of this extensive sample set was possible. All participants of this workshop held in Miami in 2004 are thanked for providing surface water samples for the workshop and for their active participation and discussions. R. J. and D. M. thank the FCE (DEB-9910514), NWT (DEB-9810218), and MCM (OPP0096250) LTER programs for additional support to perform the optical analyses of all the water samples. Additional thanks go to J. Boyer for supplying water samples from Florida Bay, to the Water Quality Laboratory at SERC for the determination of TOC values and other biogeochemical parameters, and to Y. Yamashita for critically reviewing this manuscript. This paper benefited from the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers. This is SERC contribution 401. NR 36 TC 151 Z9 153 U1 10 U2 98 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G4 AR G04032 DI 10.1029/2008JG000683 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 386LJ UT WOS:000261884400001 ER PT J AU Ahuja, EG Janning, P Mentel, M Graebsch, A Breinbauer, R Hiller, W Costisella, B Thomashow, LS Mavrodi, DV Blankenfeldt, W AF Ahuja, Ekta G. Janning, Petra Mentel, Matthias Graebsch, Almut Breinbauer, Rolf Hiller, Wolf Costisella, Burkhard Thomashow, Linda S. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Blankenfeldt, Wulf TI PhzA/B Catalyzes the Formation of the Tricycle in Phenazine Biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; GENE-CLUSTER; PROTEIN PHZF; PYOCYANIN; FLUORESCENS; PATHWAY; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-2-79; ANTIBIOTICS; ENZYME; ACID AB Phenazines are redox-active bacterial secondary metabolites that participate in important biological processes such as the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species and the reduction of environmental iron. Their biosynthesis from chorismic acid depends on enzymes encoded by the phz operon, but many details of the pathway remain unclear. It previously was shown that phenazine biosynthesis involves the symmetrical head-to-tail double condensation of two identical amino-cyclohexenone molecules to a tricyclic phenazine precursor. While this key step can proceed spontaneously in vitro, we show here that it is catalyzed by PhzA/B, a small dimeric protein of the Delta(5)-3-ketosteroid isomerase/nuclear transport factor 2 family, and we reason that this catalysis is required in vivo. Crystal structures in complex with analogues of the substrate and product suggest that PhzA/B accelerates double imine formation by orienting two substrate molecules and by neutralizing the negative charge of tetrahedral intermediates through protonation. HPLC-coupled NMR reveals that the condensation product rearranges further, which is probably important to prevent back-hydrolysis, and may also be catalyzed within the active site of PhzA/B. The rearranged tricyclic product subsequently undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in a metal-independent reaction involving molecular oxygen. This conversion does not seem to require enzymatic catalysis, explaining why phenazine-1-carboxylic acid is a major product even in strains that use phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid as a precursor of strain-specific phenazine derivatives. C1 [Ahuja, Ekta G.; Janning, Petra; Breinbauer, Rolf; Blankenfeldt, Wulf] Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Mentel, Matthias; Graebsch, Almut; Breinbauer, Rolf; Hiller, Wolf; Costisella, Burkhard] Tech Univ, Fac Chem, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Mentel, Matthias; Breinbauer, Rolf] Univ Leipzig, Inst Organ Chem, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Breinbauer, Rolf] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Organ Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Thomashow, Linda S.; Mavrodi, Dmitri V.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Thomashow, Linda S.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blankenfeldt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Otto Hahn Str 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. EM wulf.blankenfeldt@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010; OI Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668; Breinbauer, Rolf/0000-0001-6009-7359 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 17 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 50 BP 17053 EP 17061 DI 10.1021/ja806325k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 406UM UT WOS:000263320400045 PM 19053436 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, Randall P. Evens, Terence J. TI The effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on the growth of nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissue of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURES; REGENERATION; PROTOPLASTS; PLANTS AB Background: Mineral nutrients are one of the most basic components of plant tissue culture media. Nitrogen in the form of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) is the dominant mineral nutrient in most plant tissue culture formulations, with effects dependent on both the proportion and the amount of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-). The effects of nitrogen nutrition on the growth of nonembryogenic and embryogenic cell lines of sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. 'Valencia'), tissues routinely used in citrus horticultural and plant improvement research, was explored using an experimental approach free of ion confounding that included a 2-component mixture (NH(4)(+):K(+)) and a quantitative factor [NO(3)(-)] crossed by the mixture, thereby providing ion-specific estimates of proportional and amount effects. Results: First, the linear mixture component, though only a comparison of the design space vertices, was highly significant for both tissue types and showed that NH(4)(+) was required by both tissues. Second, the NH(4)(+) * K(+) mixture term was highly significant for both tissue types, revealing that NH(4)(+) and K(+) exhibit strong synergistic blending and showed that growth was substantially greater at certain blends of these two ions. Third, though the interaction between the NH(4)(+): K(+) mixture and NO(3)(-)amount on fresh weight accumulation for both tissue types was significant, it was substantially less than the main effect of the NH(4)(+): K(+) mixture. Fourth, a region of the design space was identified where fresh weight growth was increased 198% and 67% over the MS medium controls for nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissues. Conclusion: By designing a mineral nutrient experiment free of ion confounding, a direct estimation of ion-specific proportional and amount effects on plant tissue growth is possible. When the ions themselves are the independent factors and/or mixture components, the resulting design space can be systematically explored to identify regions where the response(s) is substantially improved over current media formulations. In addition, because the response is over a defined experimental region, a specific medium formulation is more accurately interpreted as a coordinate in the specified design geometry. C1 [Niedz, Randall P.; Evens, Terence J.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Niedz, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Randall.Niedz@ars.usda.gov; Terence.Evens@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 126 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-126 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 405OK UT WOS:000263233900001 PM 19087252 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, R Laird, DA Thompson, ML AF Chatterjee, Ritushree Laird, David A. Thompson, Michael L. TI Interactions among K+-Ca2+ Exchange, Sorption of m-Dinitrobenzene, and Smectite Quasicrystal Dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLAY-MINERALS; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; ADSORPTION; DINITROPHENOL; POLLUTANTS; DESORPTION; ATRAZINE; WATER; PESTICIDES; HYSTERESIS AB The fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments is influenced by sorption of the compounds to surfaces of soil materials, We investigated the interaction among sorption of an organic compound, cation exchange reactions, and both the size and swelling of smectite quasicrystals. Two reference smectites that vary in location and amount of layer charge, SPV (a Wyoming bentonite) and SAz-1 were initially Ca- and K-saturated and then equilibrated with mixed 0.01 M KCl and 0.005 M CaCl2 salt solutions both with and without the presence of 200 mg L-1 m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB). In general, sorption of m-DNB increased with the amount of K+ in the system for both clays, and the SPV sorbed more m-DNB than the SAz-1. Sorption of m-DNB increased the preference of Ca-SPV for K+ relative to Ca2+ but had little effect on K+-Ca2+ selectivity for K-SPV. Selectivity for K+ relative to Ca2+ was slightly higher for both K-SAz-1 and Ca-SAz-1 in the presence of m-DNB than in its absence. Distinct hysteresis loops were observed for the K+-Ca2+ cation exchange reactions for both clays, and the legacy of having been initially Ca- or K-saturated influenced sorption of m-DNB by SPV but had little effect for SAz-1 Suspension X-ray diffraction was used to measure changes in d-spacing and the relative thickness of smectite quasicrystals during the cation exchange and m-DNB sorption reactions. The results suggest that interactions among cation exchange and organic sorption reactions are controlled by an inherently hysteretic complex feedback process that is regulated by changes in the size and extent of swelling of smectite quasicrystals. C1 [Laird, David A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chatterjee, Ritushree; Thompson, Michael L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 21100 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 FU USDA Cooperative States Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35107-15232] FX This research was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive grant 2005-35107-15232 from the USDA Cooperative States Research, Education and Extension Service. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 9099 EP 9103 DI 10.1021/es801043y PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MX UT WOS:000261678800019 PM 19174877 ER PT J AU Wu, TH Bechtel, PJ AF Wu, Ted H. Bechtel, Peter J. TI Salmon by-product storage and oil extraction SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE photochemiluminescence; fish oil; total antioxidants; PUFA ID FISH-OIL; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; FATTY-ACIDS; QUALITY; NATIVES; MUSCLE AB Oils extracted from wild salmon by-products are excellent sources of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, quality loss is expected if time delays are encountered before oil extraction. The free fatty acid levels (FFA), fatty acid profile and total fat soluble antioxidant activity in extracted oil from aging pink salmon heads and viscera stored at two temperatures (6 and 15 degrees C) for four days were determined. The FFA values in raw salmon heads and viscera increased with storage time and temperature. A significant difference (p < 0.05) from the starting material was noted at day I at both temperatures for FFA. Fatty acid composition data indicated no changes in the levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids with the respective temperature. The concentration of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA ranged from 9.3 to 11.3 g/100 g of crude oil and DHA ranged from 12.3 to 13.1 g/100 g of crude oil. The antioxidant activity of the pink salmon oils at day 0 was 0.89 0.15 mu mole Trolox equivalent/g of crude oil. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) from the starting material were noted on day 2 for 15 degrees C samples and day 3 for 6 degrees C samples. After four days of storage antioxidant levels (Trolox equivalent/g of crude oil) were approximately 25% of initial values. Oil extracted from raw salmon heads and viscera remained a good source of long chain omega-3 fatty acids even after 4 days of raw material storage at 15 degrees C; however, fat soluble antioxidant activity was reduced and free fatty acid levels increased with increased raw material storage temperature and time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, Ted H.; Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wu, TH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, 245 Oneill Bldg,POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftthw@uaf.edu NR 25 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 111 IS 4 BP 868 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.064 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 336NB UT WOS:000258369600011 ER PT J AU Lesch, SM Corwin, DL AF Lesch, S. M. Corwin, D. L. TI Prediction of spatial soil property information from ancillary sensor data using ordinary linear regression: Model derivations, residual assumptions and model validation tests SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Linear models; Geostatistics; BLU estimation; BLU prediction; Soil salinity ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SAMPLING DESIGN; VARIOGRAM; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB Geospatial measurements of ancillary sensor data, such as bulk soil electrical conductivity or remotely sensed imagery data, are commonly used to characterize spatial variation in soil or crop properties. Geostatistical techniques like kriging with external drift or regression kriging are often used to calibrate geospatial sensor data to specific soil or crop properties. More traditional statistical methods such as ordinary linear regression models are also commonly used. Unfortunately, some soil scientists see these as competing and unrelated modeling approaches and are unaware of their relationship. In this article we review the connection between the ordinary linear regression model and the more comprehensive geostatisticall mixed linear model and describe when and under what conditions ordinary linear regression models represent valid spatial prediction models. The formulas for the ordinary linear regression model parameter estimates and best linear unbiased predictions are derived from the geostatistical mixed linear model under two different residual error assumptions; i.e., strictly uncorrelated (SU) residuals and effectively uncorrelated (EU) residuals. The theoretically optimal (best linear unbiased) and computable (linear unbiased) predictions and variance estimates derived under the EU error assumption are examined in detail. Statistical tests for detecting spatial correlation in LR model residuals are also reviewed, in addition to three LR model validation tests derived from classical linear modeling theory. Two case studies are presented that highlight and demonstrate the various parameter estimation, response variable prediction and model validation techniques discussed in this article. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lesch, S. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Corwin, D. L.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Lesch, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, 2683 Stat Comp,900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM scot.lesch@ucr.edu NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.09.014 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 386GZ UT WOS:000261871600002 ER PT J AU Bruland, GL Bliss, CM Grunwald, S Comerford, NB Graetz, DA AF Bruland, G. L. Bliss, C. M. Grunwald, S. Comerford, N. B. Graetz, D. A. TI Soil nitrate-nitrogen in forested versus non-forested ecosystems in a mixed-use watershed SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Florida; Land-use; Nitrate-nitrogen; Soil; Watershed ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL-PLAIN; RIVERINE N; PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; RETENTION; FERTILIZATION; CONTAMINATION; CONSEQUENCES; AGRICULTURE AB In tracking nutrients that enter the Gulf of Mexico via the Suwannee Basin, a disproportionate amount of the nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) has been shown to originate in the Santa Fe River Watershed (SFRW). This study investigated soil NO(3)-N distributions across the range of land-use and soil order combinations that exist in the SFRW with a focus on comparing NO(3)-N levels in forested versus non-forested land-uses. The SFRW consists of 52% forested land-uses (i.e. pine plantation, forest regeneration, upland forest and forested wetland), 47% non-forested land-uses (i.e. agriculture, rangeland, and urban), and 1% water. Soil samples were collected from four depth intervals (0-30, 30-60, 60-120, 120-180 cm) at 101 to 141 sites with a stratified-random design in six sampling events (Sept. 2003, Jan. 2004, May 2004, Jan. 2005, May 2005, and Sept 2005). No samples were collected in Sept 2004 due to flooding associated with two hurricanes. Nitrate-nitrogen was significantly lower in forested than non-forested land-uses across all sampling events, depth intervals, and for profile average data. Within the non-forested land-use category, NO(3)-N levels were highest in row crop agriculture and improved pasture sites. In terms of soil order, NO(3)-N values were generally highest in Ultisols and Spodosols, but soil order explained less of the variation in the NO(3)-N data than did land-use or sampling date. Nitrate-N concentrations were considerably altered by Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne which passed over the SFRW in late summer of 2004. In the post-hurricane sampling events, NO(3)-N was significantly lower in both forested and non-forested sites. A year later, however, NO(3)-N concentrations in forested sites remained quite low, while concentrations in non-forested sites had begun to increase. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bruland, G. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bliss, C. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Grunwald, S.; Comerford, N. B.; Graetz, D. A.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bruland, GL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dept, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bruland@hawaii.edu RI Grunwald, Sabine/B-6866-2009; OI Bruland, Gregory/0000-0002-3016-8088 FU USDA [2002-00501] FX This project was supported by the USDA grant #2002-00501 funded through the "Nutrient Science for Improved Watershed Management" program. We would like to thank Dr. M.W. Clark, Dr. R.B. Brown for contacts with land owners and crucial advice during the field sampling phase. We would also like to thank K. Comerford, A. Comerford, J. Hall, S. Lamsal, A. Stoppe, S. Wu, D. Lucas and Dr. S. Sato for help with the field sampling and laboratory analysis. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 220 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.10.005 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 386GZ UT WOS:000261871600013 ER PT J AU Howell, SB Burke, JM Miller, JE Terrill, TH Valencia, E Williams, MJ Williamson, LH Zajac, AM Kaplan, RM AF Howell, Sue B. Burke, Joan M. Miller, James E. Terrill, Thomas H. Valencia, Elide Williams, Mimi J. Williamson, Lisa H. Zajac, Anne M. Kaplan, Ray M. TI Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the southeastern United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual American-Association-of-Veterinary-Parasitologists Meeting CY JUL, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Vet Parasitol ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; VETERINARY IMPORTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; MOXIDECTIN; LAMBS AB Objective-To determine prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the southeastern United States. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animals-Sheep and goats from 46 farms in 8 southern states, Puerto Rico, and St Croix in the US Virgin Islands. Procedures-Parasite eggs were isolated from fecal samples, and susceptibility to benzimidazole, imidathiazole, and avermectin-milbemycin anthelmintics was evaluated with a commercial larval development assay. Results-Haemonchus contortus was the most common parasite on 44 of 46 farms; Trichostrongylus colubriformis was the second most commonly identified parasite. Haemonchus contortus from 45 (98%), 25 (54%), 35 (76%), and 11 (24%) farms were resistant to benzimidazole, levannisole, ivermectin, and moxidectin, respectively. Resistance to all 3 classes of anthelmintics was detected on 22 (48%) farms, and resistance to all 3 classes plus moxidectin was detected on 8 farms (17%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Findings provided strong evidence that anthelmintic resistance is a serious problem on small ruminant farms throughout the southeastern United States. Owing to the frequent movement of animals among regions, the prevalence of resistance in other regions of the United States is likely to also be high. Consequently, testing of parasite eggs for anthelmintic resistance should be a routine part of parasite management on small ruminant farms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008,233:1913-1919) C1 [Howell, Sue B.; Kaplan, Ray M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Williamson, Lisa H.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Terrill, Thomas H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Coll Agr, Home Econ & Allied Programs, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Miller, James E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Burke, Joan M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Stn, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Valencia, Elide] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Williams, Mimi J.] USDA Agr Res Stn, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Zajac, Anne M.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Howell, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 28 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 12 BP 1913 EP 1919 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 380NC UT WOS:000261471400041 PM 19072608 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Willett, JL Westmoreland, D Gonzalez, SO Doll, KM Swift, G AF Shogren, Randal L. Willett, J. L. Westmoreland, David Gonzalez, Sergio O. Doll, Kenneth M. Swift, Graham TI Properties of Copolymers of Aspartic Acid and Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids Prepared by Reactive Extrusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; copolymerization; extrusion; polyamides ID POLY(ASPARTIC ACID); CATALYZED POLYCONDENSATION; NMR CHARACTERIZATION; INHIBITORS AB Aspartic acid is prepared chemically or by the fermentation of carbohydrates. Currently, low molecular weight polyaspartic acids are prepared commercially by heating aspartic acid at high temperatures (>220 degrees C) for several hours in the solid state. In an effort to develop a more rapid, Continuous, melt polymerization scheme, aspartic acid was copolymerized with adipic, azelaic, sebacic, and dodecanedioic acids using a vented twin-screw extruder. Copolymers having ratios of aspartic/diacid <= 16 and M,, LIP to 9100 were prepared at temperatures of 240-260 degrees C and residence times of only about 5 min. M-w generally increased with aspartic/diacid ratio but melt viscosities became very high and processing became difficult at ratios >16. Most of the copolymers exhibited inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation at concentrations similar to that Of pure polyaspartic acid and thus may find application as antiscalants. (C) 2008 Wiley, Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 3348-3354, 2008 C1 [Shogren, Randal L.; Willett, J. L.; Gonzalez, Sergio O.; Doll, Kenneth M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Westmoreland, David; Swift, Graham] Folia Inc, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 6 BP 3348 EP 3354 DI 10.1002/app.28944 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 367XX UT WOS:000260587000006 ER PT J AU Miyoshi, H Perfield, JW Obin, MS Greenberg, AS AF Miyoshi, Hideaki Perfield, James W., II Obin, Martin S. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Regulates Basal Lipolysis and Lipid Droplet Size in Adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PERILIPIN; ATGL; HSL; LIPID DROPLET; ADIPOCYTE; LIPOLYSIS ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; CHANARIN-DORFMAN-SYNDROME; FAT-CELL LIPOLYSIS; PERILIPIN-A; STIMULATED LIPOLYSIS; PROTEIN TRAFFICKING; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; TISSUE; OBESITY AB In adipocytes, lipid droplet (LD) size reflects a balance of triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis) and hydrolysis (lipolysis). Perilipin A (Peri A) is the most abundant phosphoprotein on the surface of adipocyte LDs and has a crucial role in lipid storage and lipolysis. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) arc the major rate-determining enzymes for lipolysis in adipocytes. Each of these proteins (Peri A, ATGL, and HSL) has been demonstrated to regulate lipid storage and release in the adipocyte. However, in the absence of protein kinase A (PKA) stimulation (basal state), the lipases (ATGL and HSL) are located mainly in the cytoplasm, and their contribution to basal rates of lipolysis and influence on LD size are poorly understood. In this study, we utilize an adenoviral system to knockdown or overexpress ATGL and HSL in an engineered model system of adipocytes in the presence or absence of Peri A. We are able to demonstrate in our experimental model system that in the basal state, LD size, triglyceride storage, and fatty acid release are mainly influenced by the expression of ATGL. These results demonstrate for the first time the relative contributions of ATGL, HSL, and Peri A on determination of LD size in the absence of PKA stimulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1430-1436, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Miyoshi, Hideaki; Perfield, James W., II; Obin, Martin S.; Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Miyoshi, Hideaki] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608638, Japan. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martiti.obin@tufts.edu; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI MIYOSHI, HIDEAKI/G-3971-2012 FU NIH [DK-50647, AG024635, P30 DK-34928, P30 NS047243]; U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Co-Operative Agreement [58 1950-7-707]; Center for Digestive Disease Research; American Diabetes Association [1-06-RA-96]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; Takeda Science Foundation; Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science; Kissei Pharmaceutical Foundation; Tufts Center for Neuroscience Research FX This work was supported by grant NIH DK-50647 and U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Co-Operative Agreement 58 1950-7-707 (A.S.G.), NIH AG024635, NIH P30 DK-34928, Center for Digestive Disease Research and 1-06-RA-96 from the American Diabetes Association (M.S.O.), the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Takeda Science Foundation, Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science, and Kissei Pharmaceutical Foundation (H.M.), Tufts Center for Neuroscience Research, NIH P30 NS047243. H.M. thanks Professor Takao Koike for his continued support and mentorship. NR 45 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1430 EP 1436 DI 10.1002/jcb.21964 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 384NR UT WOS:000261752000011 PM 18980248 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Norman, JM Kustas, WP Houborg, R Starks, PJ Agam, N AF Anderson, M. C. Norman, J. M. Kustas, W. P. Houborg, R. Starks, P. J. Agam, N. TI A thermal-based remote sensing technique for routine mapping of land-surface carbon, water and energy fluxes from field to regional scales SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon assimilation; Evapotranspiration; Thermal remote sensing; Surface energy balance; Soil respiration ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE MODEL; VEGETATION INDEXES; COUPLED MODEL; SEMIARID RANGELAND; MOISTURE FLUX; HEAT-FLUX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOIL; TRANSPIRATION AB Robust yet simple remote sensing methodologies for mapping instantaneous land-surface fluxes of water, energy and CO2 exchange within a coupled framework add significant value to large-scale monitoring networks like FLUXNET, facilitating upscaling of tower flux observations to address questions of regional carbon cycling and water availability. This study investigates the implementation of an analytical, light-use efficiency (WE) based model of canopy resistance within a Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) scheme driven primarily by thermal remote sensing inputs. The WE model computes coupled canopy-scale carbon assimilation and transpiration fluxes, and replaces a Priestley-Taylor (PT) based transpiration estimate used in the original form of the TSEB model. In turn, the thermal remote sensing data provide valuable diagnostic information about the sub-surface moisture status, obviating the need for precipitation input data and prognostic modeling of the soil water balance. Both the WE and PT forms of the model are compared with eddy covariance tower measurements acquired in rangeland near El Reno, OK. The WE method resulted in improved partitioning of the surface energy budget, capturing effects of midday stomatal closure in response to increased vapor pressure deficit and reducing errors in half-hourly flux predictions from 16 to 12%. The spatial distribution of CO2 flux was mapped over the El Reno study area using data from an airborne thermal imaging system and compared to fluxes measured by an aircraft flying a transect over rangeland, riparian areas, and harvested winter wheat. Soil respiration contributions to the net carbon flux were modeled spatially using remotely sensed estimates of soil surface temperature, soil moisture, and leaf area index. Modeled carbon and water fluxes from this heterogeneous landscape compared well in magnitude and spatial pattern to the aircraft fluxes. The thermal inputs proved to be valuable in modifying the effective WE from a nominal species-dependent value. The model associates cooler canopy temperatures with enhanced transpiration, indicating higher canopy conductance and carbon assimilation rates. The surface energy balance constraint in this modeling approach provides a useful and physically intuitive mechanism for incorporating subtle signatures of soil moisture deficiencies and reduced stomatal aperture, manifest in the thermal band signal, into the coupled carbon and water flux estimates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.; Houborg, R.; Agam, N.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Norman, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Starks, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), Bldg 007,Rm 104 BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Houborg, Rasmus/A-2828-2009; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NASA [NAG13-99008, NNG04-GK89G]; USDA [58-1265-1-043] FX Funding for this research was provided primarily by NASA grants NAG13-99008 and NNG04-GK89G and in part by USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1265-1-043. Suggestions and comments made by three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the clarity and overall presentation of the paper. NR 80 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 10 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 12 BP 4227 EP 4241 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.009 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 373AD UT WOS:000260942500005 ER PT J AU Shi, JC Jackson, T Tao, J Du, J Bindlish, R Lu, L Chen, KS AF Shi, Jiancheng Jackson, T. Tao, J. Du, J. Bindlish, R. Lu, L. Chen, K. S. TI Microwave vegetation indices for short vegetation covers from satellite passive microwave sensor AMSR-E SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Passive microwave; Microwave vegetation indices; AMSR-E ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PLANT WATER-CONTENT; E LAND OBSERVATIONS; MONITORING VEGETATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE AB Vegetation indices are valuable in many fields of geosciences. Conventional, visible-near infrared, indices are often limited by the effects of atmosphere, background soil conditions, and saturation at high levels of vegetation. In this study, we will establish the theoretical basis for our new passive microwave vegetation indices (MVIs) based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on the Aqua satellite. Through the analysis of numerical simulations by surface emission model, the Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM), we found that bare soil surface emissivities at different frequencies can be characterized by a linear function with parameters that are dependent on the pair of frequencies used. This makes it possible to minimize the surface emission signal and maximize the vegetation signal when using multi-frequency radiometer measurements. Using a radiative transfer model (omega-tau model), a linear relationship between the brightness temperatures observed at two adjacent radiometer frequencies can be derived. The intercept and slope of this linear function depend only on vegetation properties and can be used as vegetation indices. These can be derived from the dual-frequency and dual-polarization satellite measurements under assumption that there is no significant impact of the polarization dependence on the vegetation signals. To demonstrate the potential of the new microwave vegetation indices, we compared them with the Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived using MODIS the optical sensor at continental and global scales. The major purpose of this paper is to describe the concept and techniques involved in these newly developed MVIs and explore the general relationships between these MVIs and NDVI. In this first investigation, the information content of NDVI and MVIs, both are qualitative indices, was compared by examining its response in global pattern and to seasonal vegetation phenology. The results indicate that the MVIs can provide significant new information since the microwave measurements are sensitive not only to the leafy part of vegetation properties but also to the properties of the overall vegetation canopy when the microwave sensor can "see" through it. In combination with conventional optical sensor derived vegetation indices, they provide a possible complementary dataset for monitoring global short vegetation and seasonal phenology from space. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shi, Jiancheng; Tao, J.; Du, J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Shi, Jiancheng; Tao, J.; Du, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jackson, T.; Bindlish, R.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lu, L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lu, L.] Univ Colorado, ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lu, L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, K. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Jhongli, Taiwan. RP Shi, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM SHI@ICESS.UCSB.EDU FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2007AA12Z135]; Chinese Special Funds [2007CB714403] FX This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2007AA12Z135) and by the Chinese Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2007CB714403). NR 61 TC 80 Z9 98 U1 9 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 12 BP 4285 EP 4300 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.015 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 373AD UT WOS:000260942500009 ER PT J AU Phillips, LB Hansen, AJ Flather, CH AF Phillips, Linda B. Hansen, Andrew J. Flather, Curtis H. TI Evaluating the species energy relationship with the newest measures of ecosystem energy: NDVI versus MODIS primary production (vol 112, p 3538, 2008) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Phillips, Linda B.; Hansen, Andrew J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Landscape Biodivers Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Phillips, LB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Landscape Biodivers Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM lphillips@montana.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 12 BP 4380 EP + DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 373AD UT WOS:000260942500016 ER PT J AU Centofanti, T Hollis, JM Blenkinsop, S Fowler, HJ Truckell, I Dubus, IG Reichenberyer, S AF Centofanti, T. Hollis, J. M. Blenkinsop, S. Fowler, H. J. Truckell, I. Dubus, I. G. Reichenberyer, S. TI Development of agro-environmental scenarios to support pesticide risk assessment in Europe SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; Risk assessment; Agro-environmental scenarios; FOOTPRINT; Agricultural pollutants ID TRANSPORT; LEVEL; MODEL; FATE AB This paper describes work carried out within the EU-funded FOOTPRINT project to characterize the diversity of European agricultural and environmental conditions with respect to parameters which most influence the environmental fate of pesticides. Pan-European datasets for soils, climate, land cover and cropping were intersected, using GIS, to identify the full range of unique combinations of climate, soil and crop types which characterize European agriculture. The resulting FOOTPRINT European agro-environmental dataset constitutes a large number of polygons (approximately 1,700,000) with attribute data files for i) area fractions of annual crops related to each arable-type polygon (as an indicator of its probability of occurrence); and, ii) area fractions of each soil type in each polygon (as an indicator of its probability of occurrence). A total of 25,044 unique combinations of climate zones, agricultural land cover classes, administrative units and soil map units were identified. The same soil/crop combinations occur in many polygons which have the same climate while the fractions of the soils and arable crops are different. The number of unique combinations of climate, soil and agricultural land cover class is therefore only 7961. 26-year daily meteorological data, soil profile characteristics and crop management features were associated with each unique combination. The agro-environmental scenarios developed can be used to underpin the parameterization of environmental fate models for pesticides and should also have relevance for other agricultural pollutants. The implications for the improvement and further development of risk assessment procedures for pesticides are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Centofanti, T.; Truckell, I.] Cranfield Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Hollis, J. M.] Pesticide Environm Fate, St Albans AL2 1LJ, England. [Blenkinsop, S.; Fowler, H. J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Water Resource Syst Res Lab, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Dubus, I. G.] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. [Reichenberyer, S.] Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Centofanti, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007 BARC WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tiziana.centofanti@gmail.com RI Fowler, Hayley /A-9591-2013 OI Fowler, Hayley /0000-0001-8848-3606 FU FOOTPRINT [SSPI-CT-2005-022704]; European Commission through its 6th Framework Programme FX This work was under-taken within the scope of the European project FOOTPRINT (Contract No. SSPI-CT-2005-022704) which develops tools for pesticide risk assessment and management in Europe (www.eu-footprint.org). The funding of the work by the European Commission through its 6th Framework Programme is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank all partners of the FOOTPRINT project for fruitful discussion and provision of national census data. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 407 IS 1 BP 574 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.017 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386IW UT WOS:000261877900054 PM 18817949 ER PT J AU Rinaldi, M Ceciliani, F Lecchi, C Moroni, P Bannerman, DD AF Rinaldi, Manuela Ceciliani, Fabrizio Lecchi, Cristina Moroni, Paolo Bannerman, Douglas D. TI Differential effects of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein on bovine neutrophil respiratory burst activity and IL-8 production SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein; Cytokine; Dairy cow; Interleukin-8; Neutrophil; Reactive oxygen species ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; ALPHA(1)-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NADPH OXIDASE; IN-VITRO; ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB During bacterial-mediated diseases, neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in defending the host against invading pathogens. PMN production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the bactericidal capabilities of these cells. ROS are produced intracellularly and can be released extracellularly. The aberrant extracellular release of ROS, however, has been reported to induce injury to host tissues during mastitis and other inflammatory-mediated diseases of cattle. The acute phase response, which occurs shortly after infection or tissue injury, is characterized by the induction of a large number of plasma proteins referred to as acute phase proteins (APP). alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an APP that increases in response to infection or injury in cattle and humans. The precise function of AGP is unknown, but it has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bovine AGP on PMN pro-inflammatory responses, including respiratory burst activity and cytokine production. Bovine ACP dose-dependently inhibited zymosan-induced PMN extracellular release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide without affecting the capacity of PMN to engulf and kill Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, AGP exerted its effect on ROS production regardless of whether PMNs were exposed to AGP prior to or after activation. In contrast to respiratory burst activity, AGP enhanced PMN production of IL-8. The precise mechanism by which AGP regulates PMN functions remains unknown, but data presented in this study Suggest that AGP may have a complex role by differentially regulating PMN pro-inflammatory activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rinaldi, Manuela; Bannerman, Douglas D.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ceciliani, Fabrizio; Lecchi, Cristina; Moroni, Paolo] Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Laboratory, BARC E,Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglas.bannerman@ars.usda.gov RI Lecchi, Cristina/K-8729-2016 OI Lecchi, Cristina/0000-0002-7262-1696 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.001 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 386FK UT WOS:000261867500002 PM 18692908 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Khalifeh, MS AF Stabel, J. R. Khalifeh, M. S. TI Differential expression of CD5 on B lymphocytes in cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B cells; Cattle; CD5; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; OVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; JOHNES-DISEASE; UP-REGULATION; CELL SUBSETS; T-CELLS AB CD5 is a cell Surface molecule involved in antigen recognition and is present on all T lymphocytes and a subset of B lymphocytes. The purpose of this Study was to examine CD5+ expression on peripheral blood B cells from healthy, noninfected cattle and cattle with subclinical and clinical paratuberculosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were freshly isolated or cultured for 7 days in the presence or absence of live Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis), and then analyzed by flow cytometry for CD5 expression within the B cell subpopulation. Analysis demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.01) in B cells in clinical animals as compared to healthy control cows and subclinically infected cows. In addition, three subpopulations within the CD5+ B cell population were identified: CD5(dim), CD5(bright), and a minor population that was characterized as CD5(extra) (bright). A decrease in the CD5(dim) B cell population along with a concomitant increase in CD5(bright) B cells was observed in infected cows, an effect that was highly significant (P < 0.01) for subclinically infected cows in Cultured PBMC. In vitro infection with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis did not affect CD5+ expression patterns on B cells, regardless of animal infection status. Addition of exogenous IL-10 to PBMC cultures resulted in decreased numbers of CD5(bright) B cells for healthy control cows, whereas, a synergistic effect of IL-10 and infection with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis resulted in increased CD5(bright) B cells for subclinically infected cows. These results suggest that differential expression of CD5(bright) and CD5(dim) subpopulations on B cells in animals with paratuberculosis may reflect a shift in host immunity during the disease process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stabel, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Khalifeh, M. S.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 386FK UT WOS:000261867500003 PM 18692906 ER PT J AU Nfon, CK Dawson, H Toka, FN Golde, WT AF Nfon, Charles K. Dawson, Harry Toka, Felix N. Golde, William T. TI Langerhans cells in porcine skin SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Porcine; Langerhans cells; Langerin (CD207) ID MOUTH-DISEASE-VIRUS; C-TYPE LECTIN; DENDRITIC CELLS; IN-VITRO; BIRBECK GRANULES; EPIDERMIS; SWINE; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; INFECTION; PIG AB Langerhans cells (LCs) are resident dendritic cells (DCs) of skin and mucosal epithelium. The standard for identifying skin DCs as LCs is expression of langerin (CD207), a surface protein that mediates Birbeck granule (BG) formation upon internalization. Reports of BGs in porcine skin DC are contradictory, due to lack of langerin detection. Here, we present the sequence of porcine langerin/CD207, showing that the predicted porcine protein shares 75%/86% amino acid identity/similarity with human. Langerin mRNA was detected in porcine skin DCs by PCR and langerin protein was detected in both isolated skin DCs and skin sections by immunostaining. Approximately, 50-70% of skin DCs expressed langerin, demonstrating that the majority of porcine skin DCs are LCs. The full length sequence combined with the identification of antibodies reactive with porcine langerin, facilitates the study of LCs in swine, and advances the use of swine for studying skin diseases and infectious disease processes involving skin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nfon, Charles K.; Toka, Felix N.; Golde, William T.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Dawson, Harry] USDA, ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Toka, Felix N.] Warsaw Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Preclin Sci, Warsaw, Poland. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU Agricultural Research Service, USDA [1940-32000-048-00D, 1123512551]; Plum Island Animal Disease Center FX This work was supported by CRIS #1940-32000-048-00D from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA (WTG) and CRIS #1123512551 from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA (HD). C. Nfon was the recipient of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The authors thank Dr. Celine Chen, Ms. Vandana Vangimalla and Mr. Sebastian Botero (DGIL, BHNRC, BARC) for helpful assistance with sequencing porcine CD207. We Would also like to thank Dendritics (Lyon, France) for providing a panel of monoclonal antibodies for testing and Dr. Giorgio Trinchieri, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD for his advice and consultation. We also thank the animal care staff at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center for their professional support and assistance. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.012 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 386FK UT WOS:000261867500006 PM 18805593 ER PT J AU Abdul-Careem, MF Hunter, DB Shanmuganathan, S Haghighi, HR Read, L Heidari, M Sharif, S AF Abdul-Careem, M. F. Hunter, D. B. Shanmuganathan, S. Haghighi, H. R. Read, L. Heidari, M. Sharif, S. TI Cellular and cytokine responses in feathers of chickens vaccinated against Marek's disease SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicken; Marek's disease; Vaccine; CD8+T cell; Interferon ID FOLLICLE EPITHELIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRUS-INFECTION; HERPESVIRUS; REPLICATION; IMMUNIZATION; INTERFERON; MDV; PATHOGENESIS; PROTECTION AB In Marek's disease virus infection, feather follicle epithelium (FFE) constitutes the site of formation of infectious virus particles and virus shedding. The objective of this study was to characterize cellular and cytokine responses as indicators of cell-mediated immune response in FFE and associated feather pulp following immunization against Marek's disease. Analysis of feather tips collected between 4 and 28 days post-immunization (d.p.i.) front chickens vaccinated post-hatch with either CVI988/Rispens or herpesvirus of turkeys revealed that replication of these vaccine Viruses started at 7 d.p.i., peaked by 2 1 d.p.i., and Subsequently, showed a declining trend. This pattern of viral replication, which led to viral genome accumulation in feather tips, was associated with infiltration of T cell subsets particularly CD8+ T cells into the feather pulp area and the expression of cytokine genes such as interferon-gamma, which is an indication of elicitation of cell-mediated immune responses at the site of virus shedding. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharif, S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Heidari, M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sharif, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM shayan@uoguelph.ca FU NSERC; CPRC; PIC FX M.F. Abdul-Careem is a recipient of a Canada Graduate Scholarship from NSERC and a postgraduate Scholarship supplement from CPRC. This work was funded by PIC and NSERC. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 386FK UT WOS:000261867500018 PM 18722673 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Molecular cloning, sequencing and characterization of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque 1818) cathepsin S gene SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cathepsin S; Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; Cysteine proteinase; CTSS ID MHC CLASS-II; FULL-LENGTH CDNAS; CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; INVARIANT CHAIN; BOVINE SPLEEN; IN-VIVO; LOCALIZATION; PROTEASE AB Cathepsin S is a lysosomal cysteine endopeptidase of the papain family. Our preliminary results showed the up-regulation of cathepsin S (CTSS) transcript during the early stage of Edwardsiella ictaluri infection, leading us to speculate that CTSS may play a role in infection. In this report, we identified, sequenced and characterized the channel catfish CTSS cDNA. Total RNA from tissues was isolated and cDNA libraries were constructed by the rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE) method. The gene-specific primers in conjunction with the RACE primers were used to PCR amplify 5'- and 3'-ends of the CTSS transcript. The complete channel catfish CTSS cDNA comprised 1530 nucleotides including a 96-nucleotide 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 990-nucleotide open reading frame and a 444-nucleotide 3'-UTR. The open reading frame appears to encode a protein of 329 amino-acid residues with calculated molecular mass of 36.7 kDa and pl of 5.96. The degree of conservation of the channel catfish CTSS amino-acid sequence in comparison to other species ranged from 56.6 to 68.5%. These results provide important information for further exploring the roles of channel catfish CTSS in antigen processing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 386FK UT WOS:000261867500022 PM 18817983 ER PT J AU Larocque, GR Bhatti, JS Liu, JX Ascough, JC Luckai, N Gordon, AM AF Larocque, Guy R. Bhatti, Jagtar S. Liu, Jinxun Ascough, James C., II Luckai, Nancy Gordon, Andrew M. TI The importance of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses in process-based models of carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems with particular emphasis on forest ecosystems Selected papers from a workshop organized by the International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) at the third biennial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (IEMSS) in Burlington, Vermont, USA, August 9-13, 2006 Preface SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Larocque, Guy R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Bhatti, Jagtar S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Liu, Jinxun] USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ascough, James C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Luckai, Nancy] Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Gordon, Andrew M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM Guy.Larocque@NRCan.gc.ca; Jagtar.Bhatti@NRCan.gc.ca; jxliu@usgs.gov; jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov; nluckai@lakeheadu.ca; agordon@uoguelph.ca NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.010 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500001 ER PT J AU Chen, M Liu, S Tieszen, LL Hollinger, DY AF Chen, M. Liu, S. Tieszen, L. L. Hollinger, D. Y. TI An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society CY AUG 09-13, 2006 CL Burlington, VT SP Int Environm & Modelling & Software Soc DE Gross primary production; Ecosystem respiration; Net ecosystem exchange; Smoothed ensemble Kalman filter; AmeriFlux data ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; BOREAL FOREST; EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY AB Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure are attributed to model parameter uncertainties. On the other hand, the accuracy of estimating state variables may be lowered if the temporal evolution of parameter values is not incorporated. This research develops a smoothed ensemble Kalman filter (SEnKF) by combining ensemble Kalman filter with kernel smoothing technique. SEnKF has following characteristics: (1) to estimate simultaneously the model states and parameters through concatenating unknown parameters and state variables into a joint state vector; (2) to mitigate dramatic, sudden changes of parameter values in parameter sampling and parameter evolution process, and control narrowing of parameter variance which results in filter divergence through adjusting smoothing factor in kernel smoothing algorithm; (3) to assimilate recursively data into the model and thus detect possible time variation of parameters; and (4) to address properly various sources of uncertainties stemming from input, output and parameter uncertainties. The SEnKF is tested by assimilating observed fluxes of carbon dioxide and environmental driving factor data from an AmeriFlux forest station located near Howland, Maine, USA, into a partition eddy flux model. Our analysis demonstrates that model parameters, such as light use efficiency, respiration coefficients, minimum and optimum temperatures for photosynthetic activity, and others, are highly constrained by eddy flux data at daily-to-seasonal time scales. The SEnKF stabilizes parameter values quickly regardless of the initial values of the parameters. Potential ecosystem light use efficiency demonstrates a strong seasonality. Results show that the simultaneous parameter estimation procedure significantly improves model predictions. Results also show that the SEnKF can dramatically reduce the variance in state variables stemming from the uncertainty of parameters and driving variables. The SEnKF is a robust and effective algorithm in evaluating and developing ecosystem models and in improving the understanding and quantification of carbon cycle parameters and processes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, M.; Liu, S.] USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hollinger, D. Y.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), 47914 252nd st, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mchen@usgs.gov RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500006 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Anderson, P Zhou, GY Kauffman, B Hughes, F Schimel, D Watson, V Tosi, J AF Liu, Shuguang Anderson, Pamela Zhou, Guoyi Kauffman, Boone Hughes, Flint Schimel, David Watson, Vicente Tosi, Joseph TI Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society CY AUG 09-13, 2006 CL Burlington, VT SP Int Environm & Modelling & Software Soc DE Observation sensitivity; Parameter uncertainty; Over-fitting; Model fit; Inverse modeling; Costa Rica ID LAND-USE; COSTA-RICA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MONTANE FOREST; GROWTH-RATES; NO EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; PLAINS AB Objectively assessing the performance of a model and deriving model parameter values from observations are critical and challenging in landscape to regional modeling. In this paper, we applied a nonlinear inversion technique to calibrate the ecosystem model CENTURY against carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock measurements collected from 39 mature tropical forest sites in seven life zones in Costa Rica. Net primary productivity from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), C and N stocks in aboveground live biomass, litter, coarse woody debris (CWD), and in soils were used to calibrate the model. To investigate the resolution of available observations on the number of adjustable parameters, inversion was performed using nine setups of adjustable parameters. Statistics including observation sensitivity, parameter correlation coefficient, parameter sensitivity, and parameter confidence limits were used to evaluate the information content of observations, resolution of model parameters, and overall model performance. Results indicated that soil organic carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and total aboveground biomass carbon had the highest information contents, while measurements of carbon in litter and nitrogen in CWD contributed little to the parameter estimation processes. The available information could resolve the values of 2-4 parameters. Adjusting just one parameter resulted in under-fitting and unacceptable model performance, while adjusting five parameters simultaneously led to over-fitting. Results further indicated that the MODIS NPP values were compressed as compared with the spatial variability of net primary production (NPP) values infer-red from inverse modeling. Using inverse modeling to infer NPP and other sensitive model parameters from C and N stock observations provides an opportunity to utilize data collected by national to regional forest inventory systems to reduce the uncertainties in the carbon cycle and generate valuable databases to validate and improve MODIS NPP algorithms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Shuguang; Anderson, Pamela] USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] Dakota State Univ, GIS Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD USA. [Anderson, Pamela] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhou, Guoyi; Hughes, Flint] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kauffman, Boone] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Schimel, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Watson, Vicente; Tosi, Joseph] Trop Sci Ctr, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500007 ER PT J AU Ascough, JC Maier, HR Ravalico, JK Strudley, MW AF Ascough, J. C., II Maier, H. R. Ravalico, J. K. Strudley, M. W. TI Future research challenges for incorporation of uncertainty in environmental and ecological decision-making SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society CY AUG 09-13, 2006 CL Burlington, VT SP Int Environm & Modelling & Software Soc DE Environmental decision-making; Ecological decision-making; Uncertainty analysis; Simulation modeling; Multicriteria decision analysis; Integrated frameworks ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; EUTROPHICATION MODELS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; WATER-RESOURCES; RELIABILITY AB Environmental decision-making is extremely complex due to the intricacy of the systems considered and the competing interests of multiple stakeholders. Additional research is needed to acquire further knowledge and understanding of different types of uncertainty (e.g., knowledge, variability, decision, and linguistic uncertainty) inherent in environmental decision-making, and how these areas of uncertainty affect the quality of decisions rendered. Modeling and decision support tools (e.g., integrated assessment models, optimization algorithms, and multicriteria decision analysis tools) are being used increasingly for comparative analysis and uncertainty assessment of environmental management alternatives. If such tools are to provide effective decision support, the uncertainties associated with all aspects of the decision-making process need to be explicitly considered. However, as models become more complex to better represent integrated environmental, social and economic systems, achieving this goal becomes more difficult. Some of the important issues that need to be addressed in relation to the incorporation of uncertainty in environmental decision-making processes include: (1) the development of methods for quantifying the uncertainty associated with human input; (2) the development of appropriate risk-based performance criteria that are understood and accepted by a range of disciplines; (3) improvement of fuzzy environmental decision-making through the development of hybrid approaches (e.g., fuzzy-rule-based models combined with probabilistic data-driven techniques); (4) development of methods for explicitly conveying uncertainties in environmental decision-making through the use of Bayesian probability theory; (5) incorporating adaptive management practices into the environmental decision-making process, including model divergence correction; (6) the development of approaches and strategies for increasing the computational efficiency of integrated models, optimization methods, and methods for estimating risk-based performance measures; and (7) the development of integrated frameworks for comprehensively addressing uncertainty as part of the environmental decision-making process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Maier, H. R.; Ravalico, J. K.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Strudley, M. W.] Balance Hydrol Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov RI Maier, Holger/B-9639-2008 OI Maier, Holger/0000-0002-0277-6887 NR 128 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 11 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.015 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500011 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, ED Keane, RE Calkin, DE Cohen, JD AF Reinhardt, Elizabeth D. Keane, Robert E. Calkin, David E. Cohen, Jack D. TI Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatment in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Prescribed fire; Forest restoration; Wildland urban interface; Fuel management ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; PRESCRIBED BURNING COSTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; URBAN INTERFACE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE POLICY; WILDFIRE; BEHAVIOR; VARIABILITY AB Many natural resource agencies and organizations recognize the importance of fuel treatments as tools for reducing fire hazards and restoring ecosystems. However, there continues to be confusion and misconception about fuel treatments and their implementation and effects in fire-prone landscapes across the United States. This paper (1) summarizes objectives, methods, and expected outcomes of fuel treatments in forests of the Interior West, (2) highlights common misunderstandings and areas of disagreement, and (3) synthesizes relevant literature to establish a common ground for future discussion and planning. It is important to understand the strengths and limitations of fuel treatments to evaluate their potential to achieve an objective, develop sensible fire management policies, and plan for their effective use. We suggest that, while the potential of fuel treatment to reduce wildfire occurrence or enhance suppression capability is uncertain, it has an important role in mitigating negative wildfire effects, increasing ecosystem resilience and making wildfire more acceptable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reinhardt, Elizabeth D.; Keane, Robert E.; Calkin, David E.; Cohen, Jack D.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Reinhardt, ED (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM ereinhardt@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 102 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 12 BP 1997 EP 2006 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.016 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 382JR UT WOS:000261602600001 ER PT J AU Battaglia, MA Smith, FW Shepperd, WD AF Battaglia, Mike A. Smith, Frederick W. Shepperd, Wayne D. TI Can prescribed fire be used to maintain fuel treatment effectiveness over time in Black Hills ponderosa pine forests? SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Regeneration; Fuel development; Black Hills; Pinus ponderosa; Ladder fuels; Fuel treatment longevity ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; LONG-TERM; TREE MORTALITY; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GRAND-CANYON; USA; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB We determine the time frame after initial fuel treatment when prescribed fire will be likely to produce high enough mortality rates in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Dougl. ex Laws.) regeneration to be successful in maintaining treatment effectiveness in the Black Hills of South Dakota. We measured pine regeneration in disturbed stands and young pine growth rates to estimate the susceptibility of pine regeneration to prescribed fire with time since initial treatment. We also determined surface fuel accumulation rates for stands after prescribed fire to help estimate likely fire behavior in maintenance prescribed fire. Given our estimates of regeneration density and tree size, and likely fire behavior, we then used small pine tree mortality-fire effect relations to estimate the effects of prescribed fire on developing understory, pine at specific times since initial treatments. Fuel treatments in ponderosa pine forests will lose their effectiveness within 10-20 years if regeneration densities are not controlled. The ability to successfully use prescribed fire to maintain low regeneration densities is dependent on seedling/sapling size and the frequency of burns. Current prescribed fire prescriptions and fuel loads are adequate to maintain low densities of ponderosa pine seedlings (<1 m tall) if burns occur every 10 years. If burn intervals exceed 15 years, regeneration can attain sizes that reduce susceptibility to prescribed fire under typical operational weather conditions. After 20-25 years, ponderosa pine can reach sizes that will require flame lengths that exceed 2 m to obtain significant mortality. Achieving these flame lengths will require burning under drier weather conditions to allow coarse woody debris (CWD) consumption to contribute to the fire intensity. Alternatively, managers can augment sites with activity fuels to increase fine fuel loadings to achieve flame lengths that will increase sapling susceptibility to fire, while burning when CWD fuel moistures are high to limit the potential for extreme fire behavior. While the flames might kill sapling-sized trees, mature overstory trees could still maintain resiliency to fire. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Battaglia, Mike A.; Shepperd, Wayne D.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Battaglia, Mike A.; Smith, Frederick W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Battaglia, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mbattaglia@fs.fed.us; skip@cnr.colostate.edu; wshep@lamar.colostate.edu FU USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station [03-JV-11221616-232] FX This research was supported by joint Venture Agreement #03-JV-11221616-232 with the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Fire Plan project 01.RMS.C.4, and by Mclntire-Stennis funding to the Colorado State University Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship. The authors would like to thank Blaine Cook, Gale Gire, Jay Kurth, Gwen Lipp, and Terry Tompkins of the Black Hills National Forest, and Andy Thorstenson and Cody Wienk from Wind Cave National Park for their help in locating prescribed burns and wildfires to sample. The authors also thank Lance Asherin, Jay Aylward, Mike Peterkin, Charity Weaver, Andy Whelan, and Vicky Williams for their assistance in field data collection and entry. We also thank Rudy King and Laurie Porth for statistical consultations. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 12 BP 2029 EP 2038 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.026 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 382JR UT WOS:000261602600004 ER PT J AU Page-Dumroese, DS Dumroese, RK Jurgensen, MF Abbott, A Hensiek, JJ AF Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Dumroese, R. Kasten Jurgensen, Martin F. Abbott, Ann Hensiek, Jennifer J. TI Effect of nursery storage and site preparation techniques on field performance of high-elevation Pinus contorra seedlings SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cooler storage; Freezer storage; Outplanting; Dozer piling; Surface organic matter; Container nursery; Total non-structural carbohydrates; Hot-planting ID TERM SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; WESTERN WHITE-PINE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROOT-GROWTH; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; ORGANIC-MATTER; LODGEPOLE PINE; FOREST FLOOR; FREEZER STORAGE AB After five years of growth at high-elevations (similar to 3000 m) in Utah, container lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. ladfolia Engelm.) seedlings survived well (80-95%) and grew to similar heights regardless of nursery storage method and site preparation technique. Seedlings received one of three storage treatments: (1) spring-sown in the nursery, overwintered in cooler storage and outplanted in July; (2) spring-sown, overwintered in freezer storage, and outplanted in July; or (3) winter-sown, no storage, and hot-planted in late August. We outplanted seedlings at two locations that were clearcut and had received two treatments of surface organic matter coarse wood logging slash, and forest floor) removal: surface organic matter (OM) piled with a bulldozer and burned or surface OM remaining in situ. Compared to adjacent uncut stands, both site preparation treatments increased total soil bulk density, but retaining surface OM in situ maintained soil OM, carbon, and nitrogen levels. After one growing season, seedlings planted where surface OM had been bulldozed were taller and had more biomass, although survival was similar (>= 96%) across site preparation treatments. The height growth advantage disappeared after five growing seasons and although overall survival was good, survival was highest where site preparation involved removal of surface OM and freezer-stored seedlings were planted. Total non-structural carbohydrates tended to be higher in roots than in shoots and were also higher in hot-planted seedlings than in stored seedlings. Our results indicate that nursery and forest managers have several options for successful nursery production and outplanting of container lodgepole pine seedlings in the central Rocky Mountains. Using hot-planted seedlings allows for a faster turnaround time (from seed to plantable seedling) and maintaining surface OM may be a cost-effective alternative to dozer piling and burning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.; Abbott, Ann] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jurgensen, Martin F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hensiek, Jennifer J.] USDA Forest Serv, Clearwater Natl Forest, Potlatch, ID 83855 USA. RP Page-Dumroese, DS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ddumroese@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 12 BP 2065 EP 2072 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.028 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 382JR UT WOS:000261602600008 ER PT J AU Owens, AK Moseley, KR Mccay, TS Castleberry, SB Kilgo, JC Ford, WM AF Owens, Audrey K. Moseley, Kurtis R. McCay, Timothy S. Castleberry, Steven B. Kilgo, John C. Ford, W. Mark TI Amphibian and reptile community response to coarse woody debris manipulations in upland loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Coarse woody debris; Coastal plain; Dead wood; Forest management; Herpetofauna; Rana sphenocephala; Reptile; Snag ID AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; HABITAT SELECTION; MOLE SALAMANDERS; MOVEMENT; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; SEASON AB Coarse woody debris (CWD) has been identified as a key microhabitat component for groups that are moisture and temperature sensitive such as amphibians and reptiles. However, few experimental manipulations have quantitatively assessed amphibian and reptile response to varying CWD volumes within forested environments. We assessed amphibian and reptile response to large-scale, CWD manipulation within managed loblolly pine stands in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States from 1998 to 2005. Our study consisted of two treatment phases: Phase I treatments included downed CWD removal (removal of all downed CWD), all CWD removal (removal of all downed and standing CWD), pre-treatment snag, and control; Phase II treatments included downed CWD addition (downed CWD volume increased 5-fold), snag addition (standing CWD volume increased 10-fold), all CWD removal (all CWD removed), and control. Amphibian and anuran capture rates were greater in control than all CWD removal plots during study Phase I. In Phase II, reptile diversity and richness were greater in downed CWD addition and all CWD removal than snag addition treatments. Capture rate of Rana sphenocephala was greater in all CWD removal treatment than downed CWD addition treatment. The dominant amphibian and snake species captured are adapted to burrowing in sandy soil or taking refuge under leaf litter. Amphibian and reptile species endemic to upland southeastern Coastal Plain pine forests may not have evolved to rely on CWD because the humid climate and short fire return interval have resulted in historically low volumes of CWD. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Owens, Audrey K.; Castleberry, Steven B.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Moseley, Kurtis R.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McCay, Timothy S.] Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Kilgo, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Owens, AK (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM audreykowens@yahoo.com FU U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We gratefully acknowledge the initiation of this project by J. Blake, S. Loeb, M. Dorcas, and the late J. Laerm. M. Komoroski and J. Hill conducted field sampling during Phase I. Thanks also to N. Castleberry, C. Gregory, J. Gibbs, A. Menzel, K. Hale, H. Hoyle, P. Champlin, E. Olson, T. Owens, D. Van Dijk, and M. Vukovich for help in the field. We are grateful to the U.S. Department of Energy for access to the Savannah River Site. We also thank the Savannah River Ecology Lab for allowing access to their facilities. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service-Savannah River and the USFS Northeast Research Station under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 12 BP 2078 EP 2083 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.030 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 382JR UT WOS:000261602600010 ER PT J AU Puettmann, KJ D'Amato, AW Arikian, M Zasada, JC AF Puettmann, Klaus J. D'Amato, Anthony W. Arikian, Melissa Zasada, John C. TI Spatial impacts of soil disturbance and residual overstory on density and growth of regenerating aspen SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tree regeneration; Populus tremuloides; Soil disturbance; Residual overstory; Harvesting effects ID PLANT STRATEGY THEORY; FOREST FLOOR REMOVAL; CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; HARVESTING IMPACTS; TREMBLING ASPEN; COMPACTION; STANDS; SEASON; VEGETATION AB We examined spatial aspects of harvesting impacts on aspen regeneration at 25 sites in northern Minnesota. These sites had been clearcut or partially harvested 4-11 years ago. At each site, residual overstory, which was composed of trees other than aspen, soil disturbance, and tree regeneration were determined along transects leading away from skid trails into the neighboring stand. We characterized spatial extent of soil disturbance as soil strength using an Eijkelkamp soil cone penetrometer. Soil disturbance dropped off very quickly at the edge of skid trails, suggesting that the impact of harvesting traffic on areas adjacent to skid trails is minor. On skid trails, disturbance levels were higher on sites harvested in summer than on sites harvested in winter. Even after adjustment for differences in soil disturbance, stands harvested in winter had higher regeneration densities and greater aspen height growth than stands harvested in summer, suggesting that aspen regeneration was more sensitive to a given level of soil disturbance on summer-harvested sites versus on winter-harvested sites. Soil disturbance and residual overstory interactively reduced aspen regeneration densities and height growth, indicating that avoidance of soil disturbance is even more critical in partially harvested stands. Predictions based in the spatial patterns of impact found in this study indicated that harvesting conditions may have a great impact in future productivity of a site. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Puettmann, Klaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Arikian, Melissa] Emmons & Olivier Resources, Oakdale, MN 55128 USA. [Zasada, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP D'Amato, AW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM damato@umn.edu FU Minnesota Forest Resources Council; USDA Forest Service North Central Research Station; University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Sciences FX Funding for this study was provided by the Minnesota Forest Resources Council, the USDA Forest Service North Central Research Station, and the University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Sciences. We would like to thank G. Host for his help in study design, A. Berger and D. Stangle for help with field measurements, and numerous county, state, and federal foresters for assistance in study site selection. Comments from B. Palik and three anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft of this manuscript greatly improved this work. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 12 BP 2110 EP 2120 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.037 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 382JR UT WOS:000261602600014 ER PT J AU Powers, MD Pregitzer, KS Palik, BJ AF Powers, Matthew D. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Palik, Brian J. TI Physiological performance of three pine species provides evidence for gap partitioning SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy gaps; Ecophysiology; Resource availability; Species diversity ID SMALL-SCALE DISTURBANCE; CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; CANOPY GAPS; FOREST GAPS; WATER RELATIONS; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; TEMPERATE FOREST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SITE PREPARATION; TREE DIVERSITY AB Gradients of light and moisture availability peak at different positions within canopy gaps in northern latitudes providing the opportunity for niche partitioning in and around gaps based on differences in individual species' life history attributes. This gap partitioning offers potential for increasing diversity in forests impacted by gap-creating disturbances. We examined resource availability and the physiological performance of three Pinus species with varying tolerances for shade and moisture stress across large (0.3 ha) canopy gaps to investigate relationships between gap position and species performance. Light availability was lowest in southern gap edges, while water availability was lowest in northern edges, and higher at gap interior positions than edges. Pinus banksiana seedlings had higher light-saturated CO(2) assimilation rates than P. resinosa or P. strobus seedlings at interior gap positions, and outperformed P. strobus at northern gap edges, but there were no differences between species at southern edges. Both transpiration and stomatal conductance were greatest for P. banksiana in gap centers, but showed few differences between species at edges. Foliar nitrogen concentrations were highest for P. banksiana, suggesting the dominance of this species in central gap locations may be due to a combination of high photosynthetic capacity and tight stomatal control to regulate moisture stress at drier gap positions. Our results suggest P. banksiana seedlings may be competitively superior in gap positions with high light and moisture availability, but P. resinosa and P. strobus become competitive under the drier conditions and moderate shade near gap edges. These findings support the concept of gap partitioning, and suggest silvicultural systems that incorporate patch cuttings could be used to promote diverse regeneration in northern pine forests. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powers, Matthew D.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 06514 USA. RP Powers, MD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mdpowers@mtu.edu FU USDA Forest Service and the Ecosystem Science Center at Michigan Technological University FX We thank Thomas Drummer, Linda Nagel, and Christopher Webster for their advice and comments throughout the development of this project. Julia Robinson assisted with sample preparation. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service and the Ecosystem Science Center at Michigan Technological University. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 12 BP 2127 EP 2135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.003 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 382JR UT WOS:000261602600016 ER PT J AU Bair, EH Dozier, J Birkeland, KW AF Bair, Edward H. Dozier, Jeff Birkeland, Karl W. TI Avalanche crown-depth distributions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; POWER-LAWS; SYSTEMS; MECHANISM AB The literature disagrees about the statistical distribution of snow avalanche crown depths. Large datasets from Mammoth Mountain, California and the Westwide Avalanche Network show that the three-parameter generalized extreme value distribution provides the most robust fit, followed by a two-parameter variation, the Frechet distribution. The most parsimonious explanation is neither self-organized criticality nor other complex cascades, but the maximum domain of attraction, implying that distributions of individual avalanche crown depths are scaling. We also show that crown depths do not have a universal tail index. Rather, they range from 2.8 to 4.6 over different avalanche paths, consistent with other geophysical phenomena such as wildfires, which show similar variability. Citation: Bair, E. H., J. Dozier, and K. W. Birkeland (2008), Avalanche crown-depth distributions, Geophys. Res, Lett., 35, L23502, doi:10.1029/2008GL035788. C1 [Bair, Edward H.; Dozier, Jeff] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Birkeland, Karl W.] US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. RP Bair, EH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM nbair@bren.ucsb.edu; dozier@bren.ucsb.edu; kbirkeland@fs.fed.us RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23502 DI 10.1029/2008GL035788 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 383JA UT WOS:000261668700004 ER PT J AU Chu, Y Faustinelli, P Ramos, ML Hajduch, M Stevenson, S Thelen, JJ Maleki, SJ Cheng, HP Ozias-Akins, P AF Chu, Ye Faustinelli, Paola Laura Ramos, Maria Hajduch, Martin Stevenson, Severin Thelen, Jay J. Maleki, Soheila J. Cheng, Hsiaopo Ozias-Akins, Peggy TI Reduction of IgE Binding and Nonpromotion of Aspergillus flavus Fungal Growth by Simultaneously Silencing Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 in Peanut SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ara h 2; Ara h 6; peanut allergen; gene silencing; Aspergillus flavus ID IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; REDUCED ALLERGENICITY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TOMATO FRUITS; ARA-H-2; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; SEED; GENE; PROTEINS AB The most potent peanut allergens, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, were silenced in transgenic plants by RNA interference. Three independent transgenic lines were recovered after microprojectile bombardment, of which two contained single, integrated copies of the transgene. The third line contained multiple copies of the transgene. Ara h 2 expression was significantly suppressed in all three lines, whereas Ara In 6 was reduced in two lines. Expression of peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 was not noticeably affected. Significant reduction of human IgE binding to Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 also was observed. Seed weight and germination data from transgenic and nontransgenic segregants showed no significant differences. Data collected from in vitro Aspergillus flavus infection indicate no significant difference in fungal growth between the transgenic lines and the nontransgenic controls. These data suggest that silencing Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 is a feasible approach to produce hypoallergenic peanut. C1 [Chu, Ye; Faustinelli, Paola; Laura Ramos, Maria; Ozias-Akins, Peggy] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Hajduch, Martin; Stevenson, Severin; Thelen, Jay J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Maleki, Soheila J.; Cheng, Hsiaopo] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu NR 48 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 23 BP 11225 EP 11233 DI 10.1021/jf802600r PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 379XF UT WOS:000261429000023 PM 19007236 ER PT J AU Kim, WS Ho, HJ Nelson, RL Krishnan, HB AF Kim, Won-Seok Ho, Heo Jae Nelson, Randall L. Krishnan, Hari B. TI Identification of Several gy4 Nulls from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection Provides New Genetic Resources for the Development of High-Quality Tofu Cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; glycinin; point mutation; SDS-PAGE; storage protein; tofu ID SEED STORAGE PROTEIN; GLYCININ SUBUNITS; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; DIVERSITY; INHERITANCE; IMPROVEMENT; ACCESSIONS; COMPONENT; CHILDREN; ALLERGEN AB Tofu, a cheese-like food made by curdling soy milk, is a major dietary staple of Asian countries. Consumption of tofu and other soy products is steadily increasing in North America due to its well-known health benefits. Soybean A(5), A(4), and B-3 peptide null lines 'Enrei' and 'Raiden' are commonly utilized in breeding programs to develop high-quality tofu cultivars. To expand the genetic diversity it is desirable to identify and utilize other A(5), A(4), and B-3 null genotypes in the development of improved tofu cultivars that are adapted to North American conditions. In this study were screened diverse soybean accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection to identify Gy4 mutants, the locus that controls A(5), A(4), and B-3 peptide production. Analysis of total seed proteins from 485 soybean lines by SDS-PAGE enabled the identification of 38 accessions that lacked the A(5), A(4), and B-3 peptides. These accessions showed marked differences in seed size and seed coat color and represented different maturity groups ranging from 0 to IX. To ascertain the molecular basis for the lack of A(5), A(4), and B3 peptides in the newly identified Gy4 mutants, the nucleotide sequence of a portion of the Gy4 gene was determined from eight soybean accessions representing different maturity groups. These eight Gy4 mutants revealed a single point mutation that changed the translation initiation codon ATG to ATA, resulting in the A(5), A(4), and B-3 null phenotype. The newly identified Gy4 mutants from this study will enable plant breeders to expand the genetic diversity of North American food-quality soybeans and also aid in the development of hypoallergenic soybeans. C1 [Kim, Won-Seok; Ho, Heo Jae; Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 23 BP 11320 EP 11326 DI 10.1021/jf801831w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 379XF UT WOS:000261429000036 PM 18991447 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ Merrill, GB Palumbo, JD O'Keeffe, TL AF Beck, John J. Merrill, Glory B. Palumbo, Jeffrey D. O'Keeffe, Teresa L. TI Strain of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Almond Hulls Produces Styrene and 7-Methyl-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene as the Principal Volatile Components SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fungi; Fusarium; methyl cyclooctatriene; styrene; volatile ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEGRADATION; PHENYLALANINE; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLUCOSE; FOOD AB An isolated strain of Fusarium oxysporum from the hulls of Prunus dulcis (sweet almond) was found to produce relatively large quantities of the hydrocarbons styrene and two isomers of 7-methyl-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene (MCOT). Production of styrene and MCOT was reproduced on a small scale using potato dextrose agar as a growth medium and scaled up using 1 L of inoculated potato dextrose broth. The compounds were trapped as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for small scale and Tenax for large scale and then isolated using standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Styrene was authenticated by a comparison to the retention times, fragmentation patterns, and calculated retention indices of a commercially available sample. The identity of MCOT was verified by a short chemical synthesis and a comparison of spectroscopic data to the isolated sample. A biosynthetic scheme of styrene is proposed on the basis of a (13)C-labeling study. This is the first report of MCOT isolated as a natural product. C1 [Beck, John J.; Merrill, Glory B.; Palumbo, Jeffrey D.; O'Keeffe, Teresa L.] ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.beck@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-42000-036-00] FX Received for review August 20, 2008. Revised manuscript received September 22, 2008. Accepted September 23, 2008. This research was conducted under USDA-ARS CRIS project 5325-42000-036-00. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 23 BP 11392 EP 11398 DI 10.1021/jf802570w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 379XF UT WOS:000261429000045 PM 18998704 ER PT J AU Yoneda, Y Mereiter, K Jaeger, C Brecker, L Kosma, P Rosenau, T French, A AF Yoneda, Yuko Mereiter, Kurt Jaeger, Christian Brecker, Lothar Kosma, Paul Rosenau, Thomas French, Alfred TI van der Waals versus Hydrogen-Bonding Forces in a Crystalline Analog of Cellotetraose: Cyclohexyl 4 '-O-Cyclohexyl beta-D-Cellobioside Cyclohexane Solvate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; CELLULOSE-II; OLIGOSACCHARIDE ANALOGS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; POLYSACCHARIDES; MECHANICS; SYSTEM; ACID; CONFORMATIONS AB Hydrogen bonding is important in cellulosic and other carbohydrate structures, but the role of interactions between nonpolar groups is less understood. Therefore, we synthesized cyclohexyl 4'-O-cyclohexyl beta-D-cellobioside (8), a molecule that has two glucose rings and two nonpolar cyclohexyl rings. Key to attaching the 4'-O-cyclohexyl group was making the 4'-O,6'-O-cyclohexylidene ketal. After peracetylation, the cyclohexylidene ketal ring was opened regioselectively, providing 65% of 8 after final deacetylation. Comparison of the crystal structure of 8, as the cyclohexane solvate, with those of cellulose and its fragments, especially cellotetraose with four glucose rings, revealed extensive effects from the cyclohexyl groups. Three conformationally unique molecules (A, B, and C) are in the triclinic unit cell of 8, along with two solvent cyclohexanes. When viewed down the crystal's a-axis, the array of C, A, and B looks like the letter N, with A inclined so that its cyclohexyl groups can stack with those of the reducing ends of the B and C molecules. The lower left and upper right points of the N are stacks of cyclohexyl rings on the nonreducing ends of B and C, interspersed with solvent cyclohexanes. Whereas cellotetraose has antiparallel (up-down) packing, A and B in 8 are oriented "down" in the unit cell while C is "up". "Down-down-up" (or, alternatively, "up-up-down") packing is rare for carbohydrates. Other unusual details include 06 in all three staggered orientations: one is tg, two are gg, and three are gt, confirmed with CP/MAS (13)C NMR. The tg O6 donates a proton to an intramolecular hydrogen bond to O2', opposite to the major schemes in native cellulose I. A similar but novel O6B-H center dot center dot center dot O2'B hydrogen bond is based on a slightly distorted gg orientation. The hydrogen bonds between parallel molecules are unique, with linkages between O2'A and O2'B, O3'A and O3'B, and O6A and O6B. Other details, such as the bifurcated O3 center dot center dot center dot O5' and center dot center dot center dot O6' hydrogen bonds are similar to those of other cellulosic structures. C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds are extensive along the [110] line of quarter-staggering. The unusual features described here expand the range of structural motifs to be considered for as-yet undetermined cellulose structures. C1 [Yoneda, Yuko; Kosma, Paul; Rosenau, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Chem, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Mereiter, Kurt] Vienna Univ Technol, Fac Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Jaeger, Christian] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Brecker, Lothar] Univ Vienna, Inst Organ Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [French, Alfred] So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rosenau, T (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Chem, Vienna BOKU Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM thomas.rosenau@boku.ac.at; al.french@ars.usda.gov FU Austrian Science Fund [P-17426]; Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank Professor Henri Chanzy, and Professor Rengaswami Chandrasekaran and Dr. Srinivas Janaswamy for helpful input on up-up-down structures. Dr. Paul Langan and Professor Ed Stevens offered comments at an early point in this study. Comments on a near-final draft were received from Professors Don Kiely and Charles Lake. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, P-17426) and by normal research funding from the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 49 BP 16678 EP 16690 DI 10.1021/ja805147t PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 406UK UT WOS:000263320200056 PM 19554694 ER PT J AU Silva, MG Helali, S Esseghaier, C Suarez, CE Oliva, A Abdelghani, A AF Silva, Marta G. Helali, Saloua Esseghaier, Chiheb Suarez, Carlos E. Oliva, Abel Abdelghani, Adnane TI An impedance spectroscopy method for the detection and evaluation of Babesia bovis antibodies in cattle SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; RAP-1/CT; Immunosensor; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Association constant ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; B-CELL EPITOPES; INVITRO CULTIVATION; IMMUNODOMINANT; MONOLAYER; ZIMBABWE; ANTIGENS; CULTURE AB An immunosensor method for diagnosis of Babesia bovis in cattle based on impedance measurement is presented in this study. The method probes the interaction between antibodies present in serum of B. bovis infected cattle and a recombinant version of the C-terminal portion of RAP-I obtained from the Portuguese B. bovis Santar m strain (rRAP-1/Cr-STR). Following immobilization of rRAP-1/Cr-STR on gold electrodes through the formation of a self-assembled layer, the alteration of the interface properties was traced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The changes of the impedimetric properties of the deposited rRAP-1/CT-STR B. bovis protein layer, interaction with different concentrations of anti-rRAP-1/CT-STR antibodies, and the association constants of the immunoreactive molecules involved, were obtained using EIS. The results were compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the same antigen, and immunofluorescence. The results confirmed the potential for further developing of an immunosensor-based method for the detection and characterization of antibodies against B. bovis in cattle. In addition, such method would provide the advantage of determining the association constant between anti body-antigen interactions without the use of labelling molecules. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Helali, Saloua; Esseghaier, Chiheb; Abdelghani, Adnane] IPEST, Unite Rech Phys Semicond & Capteurs, Tunis 2070, Tunisia. [Silva, Marta G.; Oliva, Abel] ITQB IBET, Biomol Diagnost Lab, P-2780 Oeiras, Portugal. [Suarez, Carlos E.] WSU, Anim Dis Res Unit, ADBF, USDA, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Helali, S (reprint author), IPEST, Unite Rech Phys Semicond & Capteurs, Tunis 2070, Tunisia. EM salwahleli@yahoo.fr RI Oliva, Abel/B-9118-2011 OI Oliva, Abel/0000-0001-8320-0937 FU Portugal-Tunisia Bilateral Scientific Cooperation Programme [4.1.5]; European Project (MEDLABAB) [INCO-DEV-2005-2007, 003691]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) FX This work was partially financed by the Portugal-Tunisia Bilateral Scientific Cooperation Programme (Proc 4.1.5) and by the European Project (MEDLABAB) INCO-DEV-2005-2007 Proj. No: 003691. Marta Silva is grateful fora scholarship from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal). Thanks due to Paul Lacy for all his outstanding help and scientific support during this work, to Debbie Alperin for her help with protein expression and purification, and Doctor Will Goff and Carl Johnson for their help with ELISA technique. An acknowledgement for veterinary support goes to Prof. Isabel Fazendeiro, Dr. Carsten, Matos Aguas (Eng.), Dr. Matos Aguas, Dr. Rui Reis and Dr. Miguel Madeira and to Doctor Ana Domingos from INETI for the production of the mouse polyclonal antibody against rRAP-1/CT-STR B. bovis protein. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2008.08.019 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 383WD UT WOS:000261704000034 ER PT J AU Lyashchenko, KP Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Chambers, MA Vicente, J Gortazar, C Santos, N Correia-Neves, M Buddle, BM Jackson, R O'Brien, DJ Schmitt, S Palmer, MV Delahay, RJ Waters, WR AF Lyashchenko, K. P. Greenwald, R. Esfandiari, J. Chambers, M. A. Vicente, J. Gortazar, C. Santos, N. Correia-Neves, M. Buddle, B. M. Jackson, R. O'Brien, D. J. Schmitt, S. Palmer, M. V. Delahay, R. J. Waters, W. R. TI Animal-side serologic assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in multiple species of free-ranging wildlife SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; Wildlife; Serology ID BADGERS MELES-MELES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; STAT-PAK ASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; MICHIGAN AB Numerous species of mammals are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Several wildlife hosts have emerged as reservoirs of M. bovis infection for domestic livestock in different countries. In the present study, blood samples were collected from Eurasian badgers (n = 1532), white-tailed deer (n = 463), brushtail possums (it = 129), and wild boar (it = 177) for evaluation of antibody responses to M. bovis infection by a lateral-flow rapid test (RT) and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA). Magnitude of the antibody responses and antigen recognition patterns varied among the animals as determined by MAPIA; however, MPB83 was the most commonly recognized antigen for each host studied. Other seroreactive antigens included ESAT-6, CFP10, and MPB70. The agreement of the RT with culture results varied from 74% for possums to 81% for badgers to 90% for wild boar to 97% for white-tailed deer. Small numbers of wild boar and deer exposed to M. avium infection or paratuberculosis, respectively, did not cross-react in the RT, supporting the high specificity of the assay. In deer, whole blood samples reacted similarly to corresponding serum specimens (97% concordance), demonstrating the potential for field application. As previously demonstrated for badgers and deer, antibody responses to M. bovis infection in wild boar were positively associated with advanced disease. Together, these findings suggest that a rapid TB assay such as the RT may provide a useful screening tool for certain wildlife species that may be implicated in the maintenance and transmission of M. bovis infection to domestic livestock. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lyashchenko, K. P.; Greenwald, R.; Esfandiari, J.] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. [Chambers, M. A.] Vet Labs Agcy, Dept Statutory & Exot Bacterial Dis, TB Res Grp, New Haw KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Vicente, J.; Gortazar, C.] UCLM, JCCM, CSIC, IREC, Ciudad Real, Spain. [Santos, N.] Fac Vet Med, Lisbon, Portugal. [Santos, N.; Correia-Neves, M.] Univ Minho, Sch Hlth Sci, Life & Hlth Sci Res Inst ICVS, Braga, Portugal. [Buddle, B. M.] Hopkirk Res Inst, AgRes, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Jackson, R.] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [O'Brien, D. J.; Schmitt, S.] Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Dis Lab, Lansing, MI USA. [Palmer, M. V.; Waters, W. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Delahay, R. J.] Cent Sci Lab, Wildlife Dis Ecol Team, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Lyashchenko, KP (reprint author), Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, 3661 Horseblock Rd, Medford, NY 11763 USA. EM klyashchenko@chembio.com RI Correia-Neves, Margarida/C-9122-2009; Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Vicente, Joaquin/K-7822-2013; Santos, Nuno/M-8650-2013; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Delahay, Richard/J-2261-2014; Chambers, Mark/C-9470-2009; Santos, Nuno/D-6742-2016 OI Correia-Neves, Margarida/0000-0002-2202-5431; Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Vicente, Joaquin/0000-0001-8416-3672; Chambers, Mark/0000-0002-8073-8069; Santos, Nuno/0000-0002-1676-107X FU Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (Defra), UK; MEC Plan Nacional [AGL2005-07401] FX The authors are grateful to Peter Andersen and Jim McNair for kindly providing certain antigens used in C this study. Badger samples were taken under projects funded by the Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (Defra), UK. The authors acknowledge the support of staff from CSL, VLA Starcross, Defra Wildlife Unit, and permission from the Independent Scientific Group for use of sera from the RBCT. Spanish wild boar samples were obtained with support from MEC Plan Nacional AGL2005-07401 and Santander - Fundacion M. Botin. NR 39 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.029 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 373LR UT WOS:000260973900006 PM 18602770 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Stanton, TB AF Sharma, Vijay K. Stanton, Thaddeus B. TI Characterization of a 3.3-kb plasmid of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and evaluation of stability of genetically engineered derivatives of this plasmid expressing green fluorescence SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EHEC; E. coli; GFP; Plasmid; Shiga toxins; HUS ID O157-H7; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; NTP16; SHIGA AB Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 (strain 86-24) harbors a 3.3-kb plasmid (pSP70) that does not encode a selectable phenotype. A 1.1-kb fragment of DNA encoding kanamycin resistance (Kan(r)) was inserted by in vitro transposon mutagenesis at a random location on pSP70 to construct pSP70-Kan(r) that conferred Kan(r) to the host E. coli strain. Oligonucleotides complementary to 5' and 3' ends of the fragment encoding Kan(r) were used for initiating nucleotide sequencing from the plus and minus strands of pSP70, and thereafter primer walking was used to determine nucleotide sequence of pSP70. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that pSP70 contained 3306 base pairs in its genome and that the genome was almost 100% identical to nucleotide sequences of small plasmids identified in EHEC O157:H7 isolates from Germany and Japan. A DNA cassette encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP), ampicillin resistance (Amp(r)), and a double transcriptional terminator (DT) was cloned in pSP70 either at the BamHI site (created by deletion of mobA by PCR) or at the NsiI site located downstream of mobA to generate pSP70 Delta mobA-GFP/Amp(r)/DT (pSM431) and pSP70-GFP/Amp(r)/DT (pSM433), respectively. Introduction of pSM431 or pSM433 into EHEC O157:H7 yielded ampicillin-resistant colonies that glowed green under UV illumination. Consecutive subcultures of EHEC O157:H7, carrying pSM431 or pSM433 under conditions simulating the environment of bovine intestine (no selective antibiotic, incubation temperature of 39 degrees C, with or without oxygen), demonstrated that these plasmids were highly stable as greater than 95% of the isolates recovered from these subcultures were positive for green fluorescence. These findings indicate that EHEC O157:H7 carrying pSM431 or pSM433 would be useful for studying persistence and shedding of this important food-borne pathogen in cattle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sharma, Vijay K.; Stanton, Thaddeus B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM vijay.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.016 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 373LR UT WOS:000260973900023 PM 18586417 ER PT J AU Sebestyen, SD Boyer, EW Shanley, JB Kendall, C Doctor, DH Aiken, GR Ohte, N AF Sebestyen, Stephen D. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Shanley, James B. Kendall, Carol Doctor, Daniel H. Aiken, George R. Ohte, Nobuhito TI Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; TEMPERATE FORESTS; INORGANIC CARBON; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WATER CHEMISTRY; STORM RUNOFF; FRESH-WATER; NEW-ENGLAND; NITROGEN AB We explored catchment processes that control stream nutrient concentrations at an upland forest in northeastern Vermont, USA, where inputs of nitrogen via atmospheric deposition are among the highest in the nation and affect ecosystem functioning. We traced sources of water, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) using stream water samples collected at high frequency during spring snowmelt. Hydrochemistry, isotopic tracers, and end-member mixing analyses suggested the timing, sources, and source areas from which water and nutrients entered the stream. Although stream-dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) both originated from leaching of soluble organic matter, flushing responses between these two DOM components varied because of dynamic shifts of hydrological flow paths and sources that supply the highest concentrations of DOC and DON. High concentrations of stream water nitrate originated from atmospheric sources as well as nitrified sources from catchment soils. We detected nitrification in surficial soils during late snowmelt which affected the nitrate supply that was available to be transported to streams. However, isotopic tracers showed that the majority of nitrate in upslope surficial soil waters after the onset of snowmelt originated from atmospheric sources. A fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen was directly delivered to the stream, and this finding highlights the importance of quick flow pathways during snowmelt events. These findings indicate that interactions among sources, transformations, and hydrologic transport processes must be deciphered to understand why concentrations vary over time and over space as well as to elucidate the direct effects of human activities on nutrient dynamics in upland forest streams. C1 [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Doctor, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Ohte, Nobuhito] Univ Tokyo, Dept Forest Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Sebestyen, SD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM ssebestyen@fs.fed.us; ewb100@psu.edu; jshanley@usgs.gov; ckendall@usgs.gov; dhdoctor@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov; nobu@fr.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; Ohte, Nobuhito/0000-0003-0658-6834 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union; Edna Bailey Sussman Fund; NRC; USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets FX S. D. S. received support from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Horton Research grant of the Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union, and an Edna Bailey Sussman Fund grant. Other support came through a USDA-CSREES grant to E. W. B.; a NRC post doctoral research fellowship to D. H. D.; the USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets program; and the USGS National Research Program. We appreciate field and logistical help from A. Chalmers, S. F. Clark, and J. Denner; laboratory expertise from M. G. Brown, D. Choy, P. J. McHale, M. Rollog, S. Silva, A. W. Thompson, S. D. Wankel, and M. B. Young; and logistical support from B. T. Aulenbach, B. L. Bedford, R. D. Briggs, C. P. Dawson, K. Z. Doctor, C. L. Goodale, K. A. Kendall, S. Means, J. J. McDonnell, M. Miller, R. Sauter, the W. L. Silver lab group, and the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management at UC Berkeley. We appreciate reviews of earlier drafts by M. J. Mitchell, I. Buffam, S. Inamdar, and three anonymous reviewers. This article was developed under STAR Research Assistance agreement U-916154 and has not been reviewed by the EPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 69 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 AR W12410 DI 10.1029/2008WR006983 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 383RK UT WOS:000261690900006 ER PT J AU Leivar, P Monte, E Oka, Y Liu, T Carle, C Castillon, A Huq, E Quail, PH AF Leivar, Pablo Monte, Elena Oka, Yoshito Liu, Tiffany Carle, Christine Castillon, Alicia Huq, Enamul Quail, Peter H. TI Multiple Phytochrome-Interacting bHLH Transcription Factors Repress Premature Seedling Photomorphogenesis in Darkness SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; RED-LIGHT; GERMINATION; PIF3; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEINS AB Background: An important contributing factor to the success of terrestrial flowering plants in colonizing the land was the evolution of a developmental strategy, termed skotomorphogenesis, whereby postgerminative seedlings emerging from buried seed grow vigorously upward in the subterranean darkness toward the soil surface. Results: Here we provide genetic evidence that a central component of the mechanism underlying this strategy is the collective repression of premature photomorphogenic development in dark-grown seedlings by several members of the phytochrome (phy)-interacting factor (PIF) subfamily of bHLH transcription factors (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5). Conversely, evidence presented here and elsewhere collectively indicates that a significant component of the mechanism by which light initiates photomorphogenesis upon first exposure of dark-grown seedlings to irradiation involves reversal of this repression by rapid reduction in the abundance of these PIF proteins, through degradation induced by direct interaction of the photoactivated phy molecule with the transcription factors. Conclusions: We conclude that bHLH transcription factors PIF1, PIF3, PIF4 and PIF5 act as constitutive repressors of photomorphogenesis in the dark, action that is rapidly abrogated upon light exposure by phy-induced proteolytic degradation of these PIFs, allowing the initiation of photomorphogenesis to occur. C1 [Leivar, Pablo; Monte, Elena; Oka, Yoshito; Liu, Tiffany; Carle, Christine; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leivar, Pablo; Monte, Elena; Oka, Yoshito; Liu, Tiffany; Carle, Christine; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Monte, Elena] UAB, IRTA, CSIC, Ctr Res Agrigenom,Dept Mol Genet, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Castillon, Alicia; Huq, Enamul] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Castillon, Alicia; Huq, Enamul] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu RI Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Leivar, Pablo/D-7808-2017 OI Leivar, Pablo/0000-0003-4878-3684 FU Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [B102006-09254]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists; National Science Foundation [IBN-0418653, IOS-0822811]; National Institutes of Health [GM-47475]; Department of Energy [DEFG03-87ER13742]; USDA [5335-21000-017-00D] FX We thank Ute Hoecker for providing us the spa1spa2spa3 mutant and Wing-Chi Leung for her contribution in selecting pif triple and quadruple mutants. This work was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science to P.L., by a "Ramon y Cajal" contract and a Spanish Ministry of Education and Science Grant B102006-09254 to E.M., by a Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists to Y.O., by National Science Foundation Grants IBN-0418653 and IOS-0822811 to E.H., and by National Institutes of Health Grant GM-47475, Department of Energy Grant DEFG03-87ER13742, and USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Grant 5335-21000-017-00D to P.H.Q. NR 39 TC 179 Z9 187 U1 5 U2 36 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 9 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 23 BP 1815 EP 1823 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.058 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 384CG UT WOS:000261721100021 PM 19062289 ER PT J AU Hake, S AF Hake, Sarah TI Inflorescence Architecture: The Transition from Branches to Flowers SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNUSUAL-FLORAL-ORGANS; PETUNIA INFLORESCENCE; MERISTEM IDENTITY; ARABIDOPSIS; GENE; LEAFY; ANTIRRHINUM; FLORICAULA; GROWTH C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 9 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 23 BP R1106 EP R1108 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.024 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 384CG UT WOS:000261721100020 PM 19081048 ER PT J AU Meihls, LN Higdon, ML Siegfried, BD Miller, NJ Sappington, TW Ellersieck, MR Spencer, TA Hibbard, BE AF Meihls, Lisa N. Higdon, Matthew L. Siegfried, Blair D. Miller, Nicholas J. Sappington, Thomas W. Ellersieck, Mark R. Spencer, Terence A. Hibbard, Bruce E. TI Increased survival of western corn rootworm on transgenic corn within three generations of on-plant greenhouse selection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; toxicity assay; MON863; reciprocal cross; resistance ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; LABORATORY COLONIES; INSECT RESISTANCE; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; BT CROPS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; MAIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS AB To delay evolution of insect resistance to transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, nearby "refuges'' of host plants not producing Bt toxins are required in many regions. Such refuges are expected to be most effective in slowing resistance when the toxin concentration in Bt crops is high enough to kill all or nearly all insects heterozygous for resistance. However, Bt corn, Zea mays, introduced recently does not meet this "high-dose'' criterion for control of western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. A greenhouse method of rearing WCR on transgenic corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein was used in which approximately 25% of previously unexposed larvae survived relative to isoline survival (compared to 1-4% in the field). After three generations of full larval rearing on Bt corn (Constant-exposure colony), WCR larval survival was equivalent on Bt corn and isoline corn in greenhouse trials, and the LC(50) was 22-fold greater for the Constant-exposure colony than for the Control colony in diet bioassays with Cry3Bb1 protein on artificial diet. After six generations of greenhouse selection, the ratio of larval recovery on Bt corn to isoline corn in the field was 11.7-fold greater for the Constant-exposure colony than the Control colony. Removal from selection for six generations did not decrease survival on Bt corn in the greenhouse. The results suggest that rapid response to selection is possible in the absence of mating with unexposed beetles, emphasizing the importance of effective refuges for resistance management. C1 [Meihls, Lisa N.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Higdon, Matthew L.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Siegfried, Blair D.; Spencer, Terence A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Miller, Nicholas J.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Statistician, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286 FU USDA-ARS; Biotechnology Risk Assessment [2006-33522-17716]; University of Missouri Division of Plant Sciences; Monsanto Corporation FX We thank R. Bukowsky and J. Barry for technical assistance. We thank Fred Gould, Aaron Gassmann, Tom Coudron, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions on earlier drafts. Aaron Gassmann also assisted in calculations of maternal, nonrecessive, and dominance effects as well as the dominance value, h. This research was supported, in part, by USDA-ARS, Biotechnology Risk Assessment Award No. 2006-33522-17716, the University of Missouri Division of Plant Sciences, and by Monsanto Corporation. NR 35 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 49 BP 19177 EP 19182 DI 10.1073/pnas.0805565105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383XB UT WOS:000261706600030 PM 19047626 ER PT J AU Ollinger, SV Richardson, AD Martin, ME Hollinger, DY Frolking, SE Reich, PB Plourde, LC Katul, GG Munger, JW Oren, R Smithb, ML U, KTP Bolstad, PV Cook, BD Day, MC Martin, TA Monson, RK Schmid, HP AF Ollinger, S. V. Richardson, A. D. Martin, M. E. Hollinger, D. Y. Frolking, S. E. Reich, P. B. Plourde, L. C. Katul, G. G. Munger, J. W. Oren, R. Smithb, M. -L. U, K. T. Paw Bolstad, P. V. Cook, B. D. Day, M. C. Martin, T. A. Monson, R. K. Schmid, H. P. TI Canopy nitrogen, carbon assimilation, and albedo in temperate and boreal forests: Functional relations and potential climate feedbacks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycle; climate change; foliar nitrogen; ecosystem-climate feedback; remote sensing ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; EXCHANGE; CYCLE; REFLECTANCE; DIOXIDE; PERSPECTIVE; ATMOSPHERE; VEGETATION AB The availability of nitrogen represents a key constraint on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, and it is largely in this capacity that the role of N in the Earth's climate system has been considered. Despite this, few studies have included continuous variation in plant N status as a driver of broad-scale carbon cycle analyses. This is partly because of uncertainties in how leaf-level physiological relationships scale to whole ecosystems and because methods for regional to continental detection of plant N concentrations have yet to be developed. Here, we show that ecosystem CO(2) uptake capacity in temperate and boreal forests scales directly with whole-canopy N concentrations, mirroring a leaf-level trend that has been observed for woody plants worldwide. We further show that both CO(2) uptake capacity and canopy N concentration are strongly and positively correlated with shortwave surface albedo. These results suggest that N plays an additional, and overlooked, role in the climate system via its influence on vegetation reflectivity and shortwave surface energy exchange. We also demonstrate that much of the spatial variation in canopy N can be detected by using broad-band satellite sensors, offering a means through which these findings can be applied toward improved application of coupled carbon cycle-climate models. C1 [Ollinger, S. V.; Richardson, A. D.; Martin, M. E.; Frolking, S. E.; Plourde, L. C.; Day, M. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, D. Y.; Smithb, M. -L.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reich, P. B.; Bolstad, P. V.; Cook, B. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smithb, M. -L.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Katul, G. G.; Oren, R.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Martin, T. A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [U, K. T. Paw] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmid, H. P.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Ollinger, SV (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM scott.ollinger@unh.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU NASA; Harvard Forest; Hubbard Brook; Cedar Creek Long-Term Ecological Research programs; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research FX We thank J. Aber, K. Davis, and S. Wofsy for helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. We thank K. Bible, M. Binford, J. Bradford, S. Burns, C. Costello, D. Dragoni, D. Ellsworth, B. Evans, H. Gholz, J. Jenkins, J. Lee, H. McCarthy, C. Oishi, M. Ryan, C. Schaaf, M. Schroeder, G. Starr, P. Stoy, S. Urbanski, and S. Wharton for help with data collection, distribution, and analysis. Wethank Michael Eastwood, Rob Green, and the entire Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer flight crew for image collection and preprocessing. This work was supported the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program and Interdisciplinary Science Program with contributions from the Harvard Forest, Hubbard Brook, and Cedar Creek Long-Term Ecological Research programs, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Northeastern States Research Cooperative and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. NR 41 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 7 U2 88 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 49 BP 19336 EP 19341 DI 10.1073/pnas.0810021105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383XB UT WOS:000261706600057 PM 19052233 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Mohamed, A Gordon, SH Harry-O'kuru, RE Carriere, CC AF Biresaw, Girma Mohamed, Abdellatif Gordon, Sherald H. Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E. Carriere, Craig C. TI Compatibility Study in Poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate)/Polystyrene Bioblends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate); polystyrene; bioblends; TGA; MDSC; FTIR-PAS; polymer blend compatibility; degradation kinetics; degradation activation energy ID BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS; INFRARED PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); INTERFACIAL-TENSION; THERMAL-STABILITY; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MISCIBILITY AB Bioblends of the biodegradable copolyester poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (EBU) and polystyrene (PS) were prepared in different weight compositions on a twin-screw extruder at 160-200 degrees C. The various bioblend compositions were then investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), and Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). TGA studies showed that 25/75 and 50/50 EBU/PS blends had higher thermal stability than the more thermally stable blend component, PS. The MDSC studies showed a single T. and single T for the blends, that were concentration independent. The FTIR-PAS studies indicated a small shift (4-8 cm(-1)) in the carbonyl absorption peaks of EBU to lower wavenumbers in 50/50 EBU/PS blend relative to that of neat EBU. It is concluded that, while the MDSC results were inconclusive, the TGA and FTIR-PAS results support the existence of some degree of intermolecular interaction between EBU and PS components and, hence, partial compatibility in EBU/PS blends. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 2932-2941, 2008 C1 [Biresaw, Girma; Mohamed, Abdellatif; Gordon, Sherald H.] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Harry-O'kuru, Rogers E.] ARS, New Crops & Prod Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Carriere, Craig C.] CoBatco Inc, Peoria, IL 61550 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM girma.biresaw@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 5 BP 2932 EP 2941 DI 10.1002/app.28893 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 361BP UT WOS:000260102800053 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Finkenstadt, VL Gordon, SH Biresaw, G Debra, P Rayas-Duarte, P AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Finkenstadt, V. L. Gordon, Sherald H. Biresaw, Girma Debra E., Palmquist Rayas-Duarte, P. TI Thermal Properties of PCL/Gluten Bioblends Characterized by TGA, DSC, SEM, and Infrared-PAS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extruded; injection-molded; DSC; TGA; crystallinity; gluten; PCL; degradation mechanism; SEM; surface energy; FTIR; proteinase-K ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; POLY(LACTIC ACID); BLENDS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Composites of polycaprolactone (PCL) and vital wheat gluten (VG) were extruded, injection-molded, and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). Neat PCL sample was cooled down to -70 degrees C and heated to 150 degrees C, where a glass transition (T-g) emerged at -67.0 degrees C [0.20 J/(g degrees C)] followed by a melting transition at 56.6 degrees C. At the end of the heating cycle, a cooling cycle started, where the same sample exhibited crystallization transition at 30.1 degrees C. VG exhibited a T-g at 63.0 degrees C [0.45 J/ (g degrees C)]. Data analysis of TGA showed a one-step degradation mechanism of neat PCL versus multiple steps for the composites, indicating similar molecular structure and physical properties of neat PCL unlike the composites. In nitrogen environment versus air, the degradation activation energy (E-a) of the composites has increased at higher VG levels. From the DSC and TGA data, it is apparent that some physical interaction between PCL and VG was present. The FTIR analysis verified the physical nature of this interaction as opposed to chemical interaction. Proteinase degradation activity on the extruded composites was much higher than the injection-molded as indicated by higher weight loss in the extruded samples. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Appl Polym Sci 110: 3256-3266, 2008 C1 [Mohamed, Abdellatif; Gordon, Sherald H.; Biresaw, Girma] USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Finkenstadt, V. L.] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 5 BP 3256 EP 3266 DI 10.1002/app.28914 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 361BP UT WOS:000260102800094 ER PT J AU Wiedmann, RT Smith, TPL Nonneman, DJ AF Wiedmann, Ralph T. Smith, Timothy P. L. Nonneman, Dan J. TI SNP discovery in swine by reduced representation and high throughput pyrosequencing SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SPACE; MAPS AB Background: Relatively little information is available for sequence variation in the pig. We previously used a combination of short read (25 base pair) high-throughput sequencing and reduced genomic representation to discover > 60,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in cattle, but the current lack of complete genome sequence limits this approach in swine. Longer-read pyrosequencing-based technologies have the potential to overcome this limitation by providing sufficient flanking sequence information for assay design. Swine SNP were discovered in the present study using a reduced representation of 450 base pair (bp) porcine genomic fragments (approximately 4% of the swine genome) prepared from a pool of 26 animals relevant to current pork production, and a GS-FLX instrument producing 240 bp reads. Results: Approximately 5 million sequence reads were collected and assembled into contigs having an overall observed depth of 7.65-fold coverage. The approximate minor allele frequency was estimated from the number of observations of the alternate alleles. The average coverage at the SNPs was 12.6-fold. This approach identified 115,572 SNPs in 47,830 contigs. Comparison to partial swine genome draft sequence indicated 49,879 SNP (43%) and 22,045 contigs (46%) mapped to a position on a sequenced pig chromosome and the distribution was essentially random. A sample of 176 putative SNPs was examined and 168 (95.5%) were confirmed to have segregating alleles; the correlation of the observed minor allele frequency (MAF) to that predicted from the sequence data was 0.58. Conclusion: The process was an efficient means to identify a large number of porcine SNP having high validation rate to be used in an ongoing international collaboration to produce a highly parallel genotyping assay for swine. By using a conservative approach, a robust group of SNPs were detected with greater confidence and relatively high MAF that should be suitable for genotyping in a wide variety of commercial populations. C1 [Wiedmann, Ralph T.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Nonneman, Dan J.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Ay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nonneman, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Ay Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM ralph.wiedmann@ars.usda.gov; tim.smith@ars.usda.gov; dan.nonneman@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 81 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-9-81 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 390VR UT WOS:000262192300001 PM 19055830 ER PT J AU Famiglietti, JS Ryu, D Berg, AA Rodell, M Jackson, TJ AF Famiglietti, James S. Ryu, Dongryeol Berg, Aaron A. Rodell, Matthew Jackson, Thomas J. TI Reply to comment by H. Vereecken et al. on "Field observations of soil moisture variability across scales" SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ryu, Dongryeol; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rodell, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Famiglietti, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 AR W12602 DI 10.1029/2008WR007323 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 380PV UT WOS:000261478500004 ER PT J AU Triapitsyn, SV Logarzo, GA De Leon, JH Virla, EG AF Triapitsyn, Serguei V. Logarzo, Guillermo A. De Leon, Jesse H. Virla, Eduardo G. TI A new Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Argentina, with taxonomic notes and molecular data on the G-tuberculifemur species complex SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Mymaridae; Gonatocerus; taxonomy; Cicadellidae; Proconiini; egg parasitoid; Argentina ID TAPAJOSA-RUBROMARGINATA HEMIPTERA; EGG PARASITOIDS; HOST PLANTS; CICADELLIDAE; SHARPSHOOTER; BIOLOGY AB Gonatocerus deleoni Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Virla sp. n., reared from sentinel eggs of Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini) on citrus plants, a new member of the ater species group of Gonatocerus Nees (Mymaridae), is described from the state of Mendoza, Argentina. Taxonomic notes and host association data are provided to help differentiate this new species from the morphologically similar but genetically distinct taxon, G. tuberculifemur (Ogloblin). The female of the latter is redescribed and the male is newly described. Gonatocerus deleoni, G. tuberculifemur, and three forms (different molecular clades) comprise the G. tuberculifemur complex. These forms are identified but not formally described because of lack of morphologically distinguishing features. The taxonomic conclusions are supported by molecular data, and by results of reciprocal cross-breeding experiments between most of them. C1 [Triapitsyn, Serguei V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Entomol Res Museum, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Logarzo, Guillermo A.] ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Washington, DC 20521 USA. [De Leon, Jesse H.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Virla, Eduardo G.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, PROIMI, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. RP Triapitsyn, SV (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Entomol Res Museum, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM serguei.triapitsyn@ucr.edu; glogarzo@speedy.com.ar; jesus.deleon@ars.usda.gov; evirla@hotmail.com OI Virla, Eduardo Gabriel/0000-0002-9512-4254 FU USDA, CSREES; Natural Resources Pierce's Disease Research; University of California FX We thank Florencia Palottini, Vanina Varni, and Laura Varone (USDA, ARS SABCL), Erica Luft Albarracin and Eduardo Frias (PROIMI, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina) for helping with field and laboratory work in Argentina, Vladimir V. Berezovskiy (UCRC) for mounting of the specimens, maintaining the quarantine cultures, and taking the scanning electron micrographs, John T. Huber (CNCI) for collaborating on the taxonomic aspects of our study of the South American species of Gonatocerus, and Marissa Gonz~lez (USDA, ARS, Weslaco, Texas) for her excellent technical assistance with the molecular work. Marta S. Loi~cono, Norma B. Diaz and Hector A. Ferreyra (MLPA) arranged the loans of Ogloblin's specimens of G. tuberculifemur and the related forms. Patricio Fidalgo (Centro Regional de Investigacion y Transferencia Tecnologica de La Rioja, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina) collected some of the specimens; Jennifer Walker (UCRC) prepared most of the illustrations. We thank Administracion de Parques Nacionales of Argentina for the permission to collect in the national parks in Neuquen and Rio Negro (Resol. 257/06 P. D.). David J. W. Morgan (California Department of Food and Agriculture, Mt. Rubidoux Field Station, Riverside, California, USA), Roger Leopold and Wenlong Chen (USDA, ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota, USA) kindly provided host egg material for the quarantine cultures maintained at the UCR quarantine laboratory. The taxonomic part of this study was sponsored by a grant from the USDA, CSREES (through the University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Pierce's Disease Research Grants Program) to S. V. Triapitsyn. The first author's collecting trip to the type locality of G. tuberculifemur in Argentina was sponsored by the University of California, Riverside Beneficial Arthropod Exploration NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 3 PY 2008 IS 1949 BP 1 EP 29 PG 29 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 380GQ UT WOS:000261454600001 ER PT J AU Bronstein, PA Filiatrault, MJ Myers, CR Rutzke, M Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, SW AF Bronstein, Philip A. Filiatrault, Melanie J. Myers, Christopher R. Rutzke, Michael Schneider, David J. Cartinhour, Samuel W. TI Global transcriptional responses of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 to changes in iron bioavailability in vitro SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; III SECRETION SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGMA-FACTOR; GROWTH-PHASE; HRPL REGULON; FUR PROTEIN; AERUGINOSA; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (DC3000) is a Gram-negative model plant pathogen that is found in a wide variety of environments. To survive in these diverse conditions it must sense and respond to various environmental cues. One micronutrient required for most forms of life is iron. Bioavailable iron has been shown to be an important global regulator for many bacteria where it not only regulates a wide variety of genes involved in general cell physiology but also virulence determinants. In this study we used microarrays to study differential gene regulation in DC3000 in response to changes in levels of cell-associated iron. Results: DC3000 cultures were grown under highly controlled conditions and analyzed after the addition of iron citrate or sodium citrate to the media. In the cultures supplemented with iron, we found that cell-associated iron increased rapidly while culture densities were not significantly different over 4 hours when compared to cultures with sodium citrate added. Microarray analysis of samples taken from before and after the addition of either sodium citrate or iron citrate identified 386 differentially regulated genes with high statistical confidence. Differentially regulated genes were clustered based on expression patterns observed between comparison of samples taken at different time points and with different supplements. This analysis grouped genes associated with the same regulatory motifs and/or had similar putative or known function. Conclusion: This study shows iron is rapidly taken up from the medium by iron-depleted DC3000 cultures and that bioavailable iron is a global cue for the expression of iron transport, storage, and known virulence factors in DC3000. Furthermore approximately 34% of the differentially regulated genes are associated with one of four regulatory motifs for Fur, PvdS, HrpL, or RpoD. C1 [Bronstein, Philip A.; Filiatrault, Melanie J.; Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel W.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bronstein, Philip A.; Filiatrault, Melanie J.; Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Life Sci Core Labs Ctr, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. [Rutzke, Michael] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bronstein, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM philip.bronstein@ars.usda.gov; melanie.filiatrault@ars.usda.gov; crm17@cornell.edu; mar9@cornell.edu; dave.schneider@ars.usda.gov; sam.cartinhour@ars.usda.gov RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 209 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-209 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 391UA UT WOS:000262257600001 PM 19055731 ER PT J AU Sela, DA Chapman, J Adeuya, A Kim, JH Chen, F Whitehead, TR Lapidus, A Rokhsar, DS Lebrilla, CB German, JB Price, NP Richardson, PM Mills, DA AF Sela, D. A. Chapman, J. Adeuya, A. Kim, J. H. Chen, F. Whitehead, T. R. Lapidus, A. Rokhsar, D. S. Lebrilla, C. B. German, J. B. Price, N. P. Richardson, P. M. Mills, D. A. TI The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis reveals adaptations for milk utilization within the infant microbiome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate metabolism; co-evolution; genomics; human milk oligosaccharides ID GUT; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; LACTOBACILLUS; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; PROKARYOTES; MICROFLORA; BACTERIAL; NITROGEN; FORMULAS AB Following birth, the breast-fed infant gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonized by a microbial consortium often dominated by bifidobacteria. Accordingly, the complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC15697 reflects a competitive nutrient-utilization strategy targeting milk-borne molecules which lack a nutritive value to the neonate. Several chromosomal loci reflect potential adaptation to the infant host including a 43 kbp cluster encoding catabolic genes, extracellular solute binding proteins and permeases predicted to be active on milk oligosaccharides. An examination of in vivo metabolism has detected the hallmarks of milk oligosaccharide utilization via the central fermentative pathway using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Finally, conservation of gene clusters in multiple isolates corroborates the genomic mechanism underlying milk utilization for this infant-associated phylotype. C1 [Sela, D. A.; Kim, J. H.; German, J. B.; Mills, D. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Robert Mondavi Inst Wine & Food Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sela, D. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kim, J. H.; Mills, D. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lebrilla, C. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [German, J. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chapman, J.; Chen, F.; Lapidus, A.; Rokhsar, D. S.; Richardson, P. M.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Whitehead, T. R.] USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Adeuya, A.; Price, N. P.] USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysts Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mills, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Robert Mondavi Inst Wine & Food Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM damills@ucdavis.edu RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; Mills, David/G-2282-2011; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Mills, David/0000-0003-1913-9865; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 FU National Institutes of Health [NIGMS T32-GM08799]; University of California Discovery Grant Program; California Dairy Research Foundation; USDA NRI-CSREES [2008-35200-18776] FX The authors thank C. Bevins and J. Eisen for their critical review of the manuscript, K. Ahrens for technical assistance, R. Ward for providing HMO, D. O'Sullivan for his gift of DJO10A, and B. Phinney for proteomics assistance. The project described was supported by National Institutes of Health NIGMS T32-GM08799 (DAS), University of California Discovery Grant Program and California Dairy Research Foundation (DAM) and by USDA NRI-CSREES Award 2008-35200-18776 (DAS and DAM). NR 47 TC 289 Z9 485 U1 6 U2 101 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 48 BP 18964 EP 18969 DI 10.1073/pnas.0809584105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 380TW UT WOS:000261489100064 PM 19033196 ER PT J AU Nayak, A Chandler, DG Marks, D McNamara, JP Seyfried, M AF Nayak, Anurag Chandler, David G. Marks, Danny McNamara, James P. Seyfried, Mark TI Correction of electronic record for weighing bucket precipitation gauge measurements SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAIN GAUGES; STATES AB Electronic sensors generate valuable streams of forcing and validation data for hydrologic models but are often subject to noise which must be removed as part of model input and testing database development. We developed an automated precipitation correction program ( APCP) for weighing bucket precipitation gauge records, which are subject to several types of mechanical and electronic noise and discontinuities, including gauge maintenance, missing data, wind vibration, and sensor drift. Corrected cumulative water year precipitation from APCP did not exhibit an error bias and matched measured water year total precipitation within 2.1% for 58 station years tested. Removal of low-amplitude periodic noise was especially important for developing accurate instantaneous precipitation records at subdaily time steps. Model flexibility for use with other data types is demonstrated through application to time domain reflectometry soil moisture content data, which are also frequently subject to substantial noise. C1 [Nayak, Anurag] Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Marks, Danny; Seyfried, Mark] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [McNamara, James P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Chandler, David G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Nayak, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM nayakanurag@gmail.com; dgc@ksu.edu; ars.danny@gmail.com; jmcnamar@boisestate.edu; mark.seyfried@ars.usda.gov RI McNamara, James/F-1993-2011; Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 FU USDA-CSREES SRGP [200534552-15828]; USDA ARS Northwest Watershed Research Center; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; Utah State University, Logan, Utah FX The authors would like to thank Steve Van Vactor for graciously providing the precipitation data from RCEW, expert opinion, and guidance in developing the precipitation correction algorithm. This research was supported by USDA-CSREES SRGP award 200534552-15828, USDA ARS Northwest Watershed Research Center, and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, approved as journal paper number 7800. Any reference to specific equipment types or manufacturers is for information purposes and does not represent a product endorsement. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00D11 DI 10.1029/2008WR006875 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 380PR UT WOS:000261478100001 ER PT J AU Patel, JR Bhagwat, AA AF Patel, Jitu R. Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI RAPID REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR DETECTING SALMONELLA IN RAW AND READY-TO-EAT MEATS SO ACTA VETERINARIA HUNGARICA LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; real-time PCR; chicken; pork; ready-to-eat meats; molecular beacon ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MOLECULAR BEACON; FOOD; POULTRY; SAMPLES AB A real-time PCR assay was evaluated for the rapid detection (10 h) of Salmonella in meats using molecular beacon probes available as a commercial kit (iQ-Check, Bio-Rad laboratories). Raw (chicken, pork) and ready-to-eat (RTE) meats were artificially contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at the estimated level of 2 to 4 cells per 25 g. After 8 h of pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, a molecular beacon-based PCR assay was performed to detect contamination in raw and RTE meats. The sensitivity and accuracy of the assay were compared with the conventional USDA microbiological procedure. Comparative evaluation of the USDA procedure with the rapid PCR assay for meat samples (n = 63) revealed 1 false negative pork sample with the PCR assay. All uninoculated controls (n = 34) but one sample were negative by both the 10-h PCR assay and the USDA procedure. Developing rapid pathogen detection methods with shorter pre-enrichment times (8-h) and real-time data monitoring capabilities will benefit the industry in preventing recall of contaminated meats by stopping the contaminated products from being introduced into the marketplace. C1 [Patel, Jitu R.] Agr Res Serv, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bhagwat, Arvind A.] Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Patel, JR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-6290 J9 ACTA VET HUNG JI Acta Vet. Hung. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1556/AVet.56.2008.4.3 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372QF UT WOS:000260915600003 PM 19149100 ER PT J AU Gilhooly, CH Das, SK Golden, JK McCrory, MA Rochon, J DeLany, JP Freed, AM Fuss, PJ Dallal, GE Saltzman, E Roberts, SB AF Gilhooly, Cheryl H. Das, Sai Krupa Golden, Julie K. McCrory, Megan A. Rochon, James DeLany, James P. Freed, Alicia M. Fuss, Paul J. Dallal, Gerard E. Saltzman, Edward Roberts, Susan B. TI Use of cereal fiber to facilitate adherence to a human caloric restriction program SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caloric restriction; dietary fiber; dietary satisfaction; weight loss ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DIETARY FIBER; BODY-COMPOSITION; SERUM-LIPIDS; WHEAT FIBER; WEIGHT; WOMEN; MEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; SATIETY AB Background and aims: Caloric restriction (CR) attenuates biological aging in animal models but there is little information on the feasibility and efficacy of CR regimens in humans. We examined the effects of consuming an insoluble cereal fiber supplement on ability to sustain CR over 1 year in healthy overweight adults. Methods: In 34 healthy overweight women and men (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2), age 20-42 yr), a 30% CR regimen meeting national recommendations for dietary fiber was provided for 24 weeks, and for an additional 24 weeks subjects were counseled to prepare the same regimen at home. During 5-10 weeks of CR, subjects were randomized to consume an extra 20 g/day of dietary fiber from a high fiber cereal (+F) or to not consume additional fiber (F). After this time, all subjects were encouraged to consume the extra fiber. Outcomes included adherence to the provided and self-prepared CR regimens (energy intake determined using doubly labeled water), changes in body weight, and self-reported satisfaction with the amount of consumed food. Results: During 5-10 weeks of CR when all food was provided, both +F and -F groups were highly adherent to the CR regimen and there was no significant difference between groups in energy intake (p=0.51), weight change (p=0.96), or satisfaction with amount of provided food (p=0.08). During self-prepared CR from 25 to 48 weeks, mean adherence was lower than during the food-provided phase and there was a significant association between fiber intake and % CR (r=0.69, p<0.001), decreased BMI (r=0.38, p=0.04) and satisfaction with the amount of consumed food (r=0.59, p=0.002). Conclusions: A high fiber cereal intake may facilitate CR in humans self-selecting their own food; longer-term intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings. C1 [Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Golden, Julie K.] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McCrory, Megan A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rochon, James] Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. [DeLany, James P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Coll Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Room 1312,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [U01-AG20480]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401]; Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center [H15001] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health grant U01-AG20480, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-4-401, and Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center H15001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors adn do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 1594-0667 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 6 BP 513 EP 520 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 404BW UT WOS:000263126700005 PM 19179834 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Corson, MS Rotz, CA AF Skinner, R. Howard Corson, Michael S. Rotz, C. Alan TI Comparison of two pasture growth models of differing complexity SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Pasture modeling; Photosynthesis; Respiration; Carbon flux; Model complexity ID PLANT RESPIRATION; GROWING-SEASON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CROP MODELS; CARBON; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATE; CO2; SIMULATION; ROOT AB Two pasture growth models that shared many common features but differed in model complexity were refined for incorporation into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), a whole-farm model that predicts effects of weather and management on hydrology, soil nutrient dynamics, forage and crop yields. milk or beef production, and farm economics. Major differences between models included the explicit representation of roots in the more complex model and their effects on carbon partitioning and growth. The simple model only simulated aboveground processes. The overall goal was to develop a model capable of representing forage growth and ecosystem carbon fluxes among multiple plant species in pastures while maintaining a relatively simple model structure that minimized the number of required user inputs. Models were compared to observed yield data for 12 site-years from three experiments in central Pennsylvania, USA. Both models underestimated observed yield by 6% when averaged across site-years. However, the simple model provided a better fit to the one-to-one line between observed and simulated yield than did the complex model. The models also showed similar relationships between yield and gross primary productivity (GPP), despite the fact that the complex model was specifically developed to optimize simulation of GPP. The simple model predicted much greater shoot respiration and carbon partitioning to above ground plant tissues, but less shoot senescence than the complex model. Published data on the proportion of GPP consumed in aboveground or total plant respiration exhibit a wide range of values, making it impossible to determine which model provided the best representation of respiration rates and, thus, of the entire carbon budget. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Skinner, R. Howard; Rotz, C. Alan] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Corson, Michael S.] INRA, UMR 1069, F-35000 Rennes, France. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013; UMR SAS, ASAE/M-4978-2013 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971; UMR SAS, ASAE/0000-0002-4138-7374 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2008.09.005 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 387DS UT WOS:000261932500005 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Tolk, J. A. Howell, T. A. TI Field water supply:yield relationships of grain sorghum grown in three USA Southern Great Plains soils SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water productivity; Irrigation water productivity; Water use efficiency; Irrigation water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Lysimeter; Deficit irrigation ID NORTH CHINA PLAIN; USE EFFICIENCY; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; LEPA IRRIGATION; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION AB Field water supply (FWS) combines the three sources of water used by a crop for evapotranspiration (ET), and consists of available soil water at planting (ASWP), rainfall, and irrigation. Examining the grain yield and FWS relationship (Y-g:FWS) may provide insight into the reported variability in crop water production functions such as water productivity (WP) and irrigation water productivity (IWP). Since water is most productive when entirely consumed in ET, diversion of FWS into non-ET losses such as drainage and excessive soil water evaporation results in declines in WP and IWP. The objective of this experiment was to examine the Y-g:FWS and Y-g:ET relationships of grain sorghum grown under a range of irrigation treatments (0, 25, 50, and 100% replacement of ET), beginning soil water contents, evaporative demands, in the Amarillo, Pullman, and Ulysses soils of the Great Plains. The purpose was to determine the amount of FWS beyond which declines in WP and IWP began to occur due to non-ET losses as indicated by a change in the slope and intercept of the Y-g:FWS and Y-g:ET relationships. Large amounts of non-ET irrigation application losses occurred in the finer-textured soils in the T-100 irrigation treatment. In both years, the T-100 irrigation application amounts and ASWP resulted in a FWS ranging from 750 to 870 mm which exceeded the maximum ET requirement of 530-630 mm and which reduced WP and IWP. Piecewise regression analysis of the Y-g:FWS and Y-g:ET relationships for the crops in the Pullman and Ulysses soils identified the knot point, or change in slope and intercept, in the FWS where both WP and IWP tended to be optimized. This was about 500 mm in both soils, and involved the utilization of about 250 mm in ASWP, irrigation applications averaging about 250 mm, and about 60-130 mm remaining in the soil at harvest. For the coarser-textured Amarillo soil, the yield response to increasing FWS was linear, because non-ET application losses such as drainage gradually increased with the irrigation application amount. The linear Y-g response in the sandy Amarillo soil and the piecewise Y-g responses in the clay and silt loams of the Pullman and Ulysses soils to FWS also reflected the difference in water-holding capacities of the soils that affected the amount of available water as irrigation increased. Irrigating without considering FWS resulted in non-ET irrigation application losses and declines in WP and IWP. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tolk, J. A.; Howell, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1303 EP 1313 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.05.009 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 378UO UT WOS:000261349900002 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Contrasting responses of seed yield to elevated carbon dioxide under field conditions within Phaseolus vulgaris SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; common bean; CO2; yield; photosynthesis; seed number; pod number ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; CROPS; SENSITIVITY; SINK; L. AB The rising concentration of carbon dioxide [CO2] in the atmosphere represents an increase in a growth-limiting resource for C-3 crop species. identification of lines or characteristics of lines which have superior yield at elevated [CO2] could aid in adaptation to this global change. While intraspecific variation in responses to elevated [CO2] has been found in several species, intraspecific differences in crop yield responses to elevated [CO2] under field conditions have seldom been documented. In this 4-year study, the responses of photosynthesis, growth, pod number, seed number and size. and seed yield to the elevation Of [CO2] to 180 mu mol mol(-1) above the current ambient concentration were examined in four varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris in the field, using open-top chambers. There was a significant variety by [CO2] interaction for seed yield. with seed yield at elevated [CO2] ranging from 0.89 to 1.39 times that at ambient [CO2] (mean 1.17x) in the different varieties, when averaged over 4 years The highest yielding variety at elevated [CO2] was not the highest yielding variety at ambient [CO2]. The varieties with the largest and smallest yield responses both had an indeterminate growth habit. Down-regulation of photosynthesis at elevated [CO2] only occurred in the two indeterminate varieties, and there was no significant correlation between the response of single leaf photosynthetic rate and the response of seed yield to elevated [CO2] among varieties, nor between the responses of stem mass and seed yield. The change in the number of pods at elevated [CO2] Was the primary determinant of the response of seed yield. These results indicate that significant variation in the response of seed yield to elevated [CO2] under field conditions does exist among varieties of P. vulgaris, and that variation in the response of pod and seed number may be more important than variation in photosynthetic response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, B-001,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 128 IS 4 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.003 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 351HI UT WOS:000259414900003 ER PT J AU Gould, WA AF Gould, William A. TI Special Issue Fire Ecology and Management SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Gould, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 521 EP 521 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000001 PM 19205172 ER PT J AU Robbins, AMJ Eckelmann, CM Quinones, M AF Robbins, A. Marcus J. Eckelmann, Claus-Martin Quinones, Maya TI Forest Fires in the Insular Caribbean SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID EASTERN AMAZON; VEGETATION; MODIS; VALIDATION; CARBON; CYCLE AB This paper presents a summary of the forest fire reports in the insular Caribbean derived from both management reports and an analysis of publicly available Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrodiometer (MODIS) satellite active fire products from the region. A vast difference between the amount of fires reported by land managers and fire points in the MODIS Fire Information for Resource Management System data can be observed. Future research is recommended to better understand the nature of these differences. While there is a general lack of available statistical data on forest fires in the Caribbean, a few general observations can be made: Forest fires occur mainly in dry forest types (500 to 1000 mm of mean annual rainfall). These are also the areas where most human settlements are located. Lowland high forests and montane forests with higher rainfall (1000 and more mm y(-1)) are less susceptible to forest fire, but they can burn in exceptionally dry years. Most of the dry forest ecosystems in the Caribbean can be considered to be fire-sensitive ecosystems, while the pine forests in the Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic, and the Bahamas) are maintained by wildfires. In fire-sensitive ecosystems, uncontrolled burning often encourages the spread of alien invasive species. A Caribbean Fire Management Cooperation Strategy was developed between 2005 and 2006 under auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This regional strategy aims to strengthen Caribbean fire management networking by encouraging closer collaboration among countries with similar ecological conditions. The strategy for the Caribbean identifies a number of research, training, and management activities to improve wildfire management capacity in the Caribbean. C1 [Eckelmann, Claus-Martin] Food & Agr Org United Nations, United Nations House Sub Reg Off Caribbean, Bridgetown, Barbados. [Quinones, Maya] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Robbins, AMJ (reprint author), 119 Harefields, Oxford OX2 8NR, England. EM marcus.robbins@virgin.net; Claus.eckelmann@fao.org; mquinones@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 528 EP 534 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000003 PM 19205174 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Hiers, JK Callaham, MA Mitchell, RJ Jack, SB AF O'Brien, Joseph J. Hiers, J. Kevin Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Mitchell, Robert J. Jack, Steve B. TI Interactions among Overstory Structure, Seedling Life-history Traits, and Fire in Frequently Burned Neotropical Pine Forests SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID LONGLEAF PINE; ECOLOGY; RECORD; DISTURBANCES; BIODIVERSITY; SAVANNAS; DYNAMICS; CHARCOAL; FLORIDA; STATES AB Fire-dependent pine forests in the Caribbean Basin cover extensive areas in the coastal plain of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico and on several islands in the Bahamas Archipelago, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Honduran Bay islands. These forests are high in conservation value but, unfortunately, remain mostly unprotected. Moreover, even though they are fire dependent, the use of fire for forest management often suffers from poor public perception and is prohibited by law in several countries. In this paper, we describe the fundamental links among fire, forest regeneration, and forest persistence in these ecosystems. We identify two general strategies based on the presence or absence of pine seedling adaptations for fire survival and describe management implications of these two strategies. We also introduce conceptual models describing fire, forest structure, and regeneration strategy linkages. C1 [O'Brien, Joseph J.; Callaham, Mac A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin; Mitchell, Robert J.; Jack, Steve B.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us; khiers@jonesctr.org; mcallaham@fs.fed.us; rmitchel@jonesctr.org; steve.jack@jonesctr.org NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 542 EP 547 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000005 PM 19205176 ER PT J AU Brandeis, TJ Woodall, CW AF Brandeis, Thomas J. Woodall, Christopher W. TI Assessment of Forest Fuel Loadings in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; SECONDARY FORESTS; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; ORGANIC-CARBON; RAIN-FORESTS; DRY FOREST; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB Quantification of the downed woody materials that comprise forest fuels has gained importance in Caribbean forest ecosystems due to the increasing incidence and severity of wildfires on island ecosystems. Because large-scale assessments of forest fuels have rarely been conducted for these ecosystems, forest fuels were assessed at 121 US Department of Agriculture forest service inventory plots on Puerto Rico, Vieques, and the US Virgin Islands. Results indicated that fuel loadings averaged 24.05 Mg ha(-1) in 2004-2006. Forest litter decreased from wetter to drier forest life zones. These island forests showed a paucity of coarse woody fuels (CWD) (2.91 Mg ha(-1)) and relatively greater quantities of smaller-sized fine woody fuels (FWD) (10.18 Mg ha(-1) for FWD and 10.82 Mg ha(-1) for duff/litter) when compared to continental tropical forests. Between 2001 and 2006, CWD fuel loads decreased, while fine fuels and litter increased, such that total fuel loads remained constant on a subset of plots on Puerto Rico. This trend indicates that continued decomposition of CWD deposited by the last severe hurricane is balanced by increasing inputs of FWD from recovering and maturing secondary forests. Forest disturbance cycles and successional development must be taken into account by agencies charged with fire protection and risk assessment. C1 [Brandeis, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Brandeis, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM tjbrandeis@fs.fed.us; cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 557 EP 562 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000007 PM 19205178 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Gould, WA Graham, RT Pilliod, DS Lentile, LB Gonzalez, G AF Jain, Theresa B. Gould, William A. Graham, Russell T. Pilliod, David S. Lentile, Leigh B. Gonzalez, Grizelle TI A Soil Burn Severity Index for Understanding Soil-fire Relations in Tropical Forests SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID DRY FOREST; EASTERN AMAZON; WATER REPELLENCY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT POOLS; BIOMASS; DEFORESTATION; INDONESIA AB Methods for evaluating the impact of fires within tropical forests are needed as fires become more frequent and human populations and demands on forests increase. Short- and long-term fire effects on soils are determined by the prefire, fire, and postfire environments. We placed these components within a fire-disturbance continuum to guide our literature synthesis and develop an integrated soil burn severity index. The soil burn severity index provides a set of indicators that reflect the range of conditions present after a fire. The index consists of seven levels, an unburned level and six other levels that describe a range of postfire soil conditions. We view this index as a tool for understanding the effects of fires on the forest floor, with the realization that as new information is gained, the index may be modified as warranted. C1 [Jain, Theresa B.; Graham, Russell T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Lentile, Leigh B.] Univ South, Sewanee, TN 37375 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us; wgould@fs.fed.us; rtgraham@fs.fed.us; dpilliod@usgs.gov; lbelentil@sewanee.edu; ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000008 PM 19205179 ER PT J AU Meddens, AJH Hudak, AT Evans, JS Gould, WA Gonzalez, G AF Meddens, Arjan J. H. Hudak, Andrew T. Evans, Jeffrey S. Gould, William A. Gonzalez, Grizelle TI Characterizing Forest Fragments in Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Ecosystems SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAINS AB An increased ability to analyze landscapes in a spatial manner through the use of remote sensing leads to improved capabilities for quantifying human-induced forest fragmentation. Developments of spatially explicit methods in landscape analyses are emerging. In this paper, the image delineation software program eCognition and the spatial pattern analysis program FRAGSTATS were used to quantify patterns of forest fragments on six landscapes across three different climatic regions characterized by different moisture regimes and different influences of human pressure. Our results support the idea that landscapes with higher road and population density are more fragmented; however, there are other, equally influential factors contributing to fragmentation, such as moisture regime, historic land use, and fire dynamics. Our method provided an objective means to characterize landscapes and assess patterns of forest fragments across different forested ecosystems by addressing the limitations of pixel-based classification and incorporating image objects. C1 [Meddens, Arjan J. H.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Evans, Jeffrey S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Meddens, AJH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, POB 443021,McClure Hall 203, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM arjan.meddens@vandals.uidaho.edu; ahudak@fs.fed.us; jevans02@fs.fed.us; wgould@fs.fed.us; ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 569 EP 576 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000009 PM 19205180 ER PT J AU Gould, WA Gonzalez, G Hudak, AT Hollingsworth, TN Hollingsworth, J AF Gould, William A. Gonzalez, Grizelle Hudak, Andrew T. Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton Hollingsworth, Jamie TI Forest Structure and Downed Woody Debris in Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Forest Fragments SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; UNITED-STATES; PUERTO-RICO; GRADIENT; CARBON; MICROCLIMATE; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; CANADA; GROWTH AB Forest fragmentation affects the heterogeneity of accumulated fuels by increasing the diversity of forest types and by increasing forest edges. This heterogeneity has implications in how we manage fuels, fire, and forests. Understanding the relative importance of fragmentation on woody biomass within a single climatic regime, and along climatic gradients, will improve our ability to manage forest fuels and predict fire behavior. In this study we assessed forest fuel characteristics in stands of differing moisture, i.e., dry and moist forests, structure, i.e., open canopy (typically younger) vs. closed canopy (typically older) stands, and size, i.e., small (10-14 ha), medium (33 to 60 ha), and large (100-240 ha) along a climatic gradient of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests. We measured duff, litter, fine and coarse woody debris, standing dead, and live biomass in a series of plots along a transect from outside the forest edge to the fragment interior. The goal was to determine how forest structure and fuel characteristics varied along this transect and whether this variation differed with temperature, moisture, structure, and fragment size. We found nonlinear relationships of coarse woody debris, fine woody debris, standing dead and live tree biomass with mean annual median temperature. Biomass for these variables was greatest in temperate sites. Forest floor fuels (duff and litter) had a linear relationship with temperature and biomass was greatest in boreal sites. In a five-way multivariate analysis of variance we found that temperature, moisture, and age/structure had significant effects on forest floor fuels, downed woody debris, and live tree biomass. Fragment size had an effect on forest floor fuels and live tree biomass. Distance from forest edge had significant effects for only a few subgroups sampled. With some exceptions edges were not distinguishable from interiors in terms of fuels. C1 [Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, US Forest Serv, Boreal Forest Cooperat Res Unit,Pacific NW Res St, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hollingsworth, Jamie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gould, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM wgould@fs.fed.us; ggonzalez@fs.fed.us; ahudak@fs.fed.us; thollingsworth@fs.fed.us; fsjh@uaf.edu OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 25 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 577 EP 587 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000010 PM 19205181 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Gould, WA Hudak, AT Hollingsworth, TN AF Gonzalez, Grizelle Gould, William A. Hudak, Andrew T. Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton TI Decay of Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) Wood in Moist and Dry Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Forest Fragments SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CLEAR-CUT; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; SOIL; GROWTH; CARBON; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; GRADIENT AB In this study, we set up a wood decomposition experiment to i) quantify the percent of mass remaining, decay constant and performance strength of aspen stakes (Populus tremuloides) in dry and moist boreal (Alaska and Minnesota, USA), temperate (Washington and Idaho, USA), and tropical (Puerto Rico) forest types, and ii) determine the effects of fragmentation on wood decomposition rates as related to fragment size, forest age (and/or structure) and climate at the macro- and meso-scales. Fragment sizes represented the landscape variability within a climatic region. Overall, the mean small fragments area ranged from 10-14 ha, medium-sized fragments 33 to 60 ha, and large fragments 100-240 ha. We found that: i) aspen stakes decayed fastest in the tropical sites, and the slowest in the temperate forest fragments, ii) the percent of mass remaining was significantly greater in dry than in moist forests in boreal and temperate fragments, while the opposite was true for the tropical forest fragments, iii) no effect of fragment size on the percent of mass remaining of aspen stakes in the boreal sites, temperate dry, and tropical moist forests, and iv) no significant differences of aspen wood decay between forest edges and interior forest in boreal, temperate and tropical fragments. We conclude that: i) moisture condition is an important control over wood decomposition over broad climate gradients; and that such relationship can be non linear, and ii) the presence of a particular group of organism (termites) can significantly alter the decay rates of wood more than what might be predicted based on climatic factors alone. Biotic controls on wood decay might be more important predictors of wood decay in tropical regions, while abiotic constraints seems to be important determinants of decay in cold forested fragments. C1 [Gonzalez, Grizelle; Gould, William A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, US Forest Serv, Boreal Forest Cooperat Res Unit,Pacific NW Res St, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ggonzalez@fs.fed.us; wgould@fs.fed.us; ahudak@fs.fed.us; thollingsworth@fs.fed.us OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 588 EP 597 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000011 PM 19205182 ER PT J AU Weaver, PL Schwagerl, JJ AF Weaver, Peter L. Schwagerl, Joseph J. TI Secondary Forest Succession and Tree Planting at the Laguna Cartagena and Cabo Rojo Wildlife Refuges in Southwestern Puerto Rico SO AMBIO LA English DT Article AB Secondary forest succession and tree planting are contributing to the recovery of the Cabo Rojo refuge (Headquarters and Salinas tracts) and Laguna Cartagena refuge (Lagoon and Tinaja tracts) of the Fish and Wildlife Service in southwestern Puerto Rico. About 80 species, mainly natives, have been planted on 44 ha during the past 25 y in an effort to reduce the threat of grass fires and to restore wildlife habitat. A 2007 survey of 9-y-old tree plantings on the Lagoon tract showed satisfactory growth rates for 16 native species. Multiple stems from individual trees at ground level were common. A sampling of secondary forest on the entire 109 ha Tinaja tract disclosed 141 native tree species, or 25% of Puerto Rico's native tree flora, along with 20 exotics. Five tree species made up about 58% of the total basal area, and seven species were island endemics. Between 1998 and 2003, tree numbers and basal area, as well as tree heights and diameter at breast height values (diameter at 1.4 m above the ground), increased on the lower 30 ha of the Tinaja tract. In this area, much of it subject to fires and grazing through 1996, exotic trees made up 25% of the species. Dry forest throughout the tropics is an endangered habitat, and its recovery (i.e., in biomass, structure, and species composition) at Tinaja may exceed 500 y. Future forests, however, will likely contain some exotics. C1 [Weaver, Peter L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Schwagerl, Joseph J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM pweaver@fs.fed.us; joseph_schwagerl@fws.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000012 PM 19205183 ER PT J AU Bethke, PC Busse, JC AF Bethke, Paul C. Busse, James C. TI Validation of a Simple, Colorimetric, Microplate Assay using Amplex Red for the Determination of Glucose and Sucrose in Potato Tubers and other Vegetables SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Amplex red; Ampliflu red; HPLC; Sugar content; 96-well plate; Solanum tuberosum ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SUGAR-BEET; FRUCTOSE; QUANTIFICATION; STORAGE; READER AB Accurate quantification of tuber glucose and sucrose content is important for scientific as well as commercial purposes. High pressure liquid chromatography and enzyme coupled assays are accepted methods for determining sugar concentrations. A method is presented here for a reliable, cost-effective, 96-well microplate enzymatic assay that allows one to determine quickly sugar concentrations in tuber samples and in other vegetables. Sample size can be less than 1 g of fresh material. This colorometric assay utilizes coupled reactions of glucose oxidase and peroxidase to accurately measure glucose concentrations. Sucrose content is determined by using invertase in an additional enzyme mediated step. Data from this improved enzymatic assay compare favorably with other methods, with the added benefits of lower capital outlay and fast sample turn around times. C1 [Bethke, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.; Busse, James C.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bethke, PC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM paul.bethke@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9039-x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 371TD UT WOS:000260853300002 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Christ, BJ Vinyard, BT AF Haynes, Kathleen G. Christ, Barbara J. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Determining the Importance of Combining Ability for Late Blight Resistance in Early Generations of Potato Breeding When Susceptible Clones are Discarded SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum; Tetraploid potato breeding; Disease screening ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT; SEEDLING PROGENY TEST; FIELD-RESISTANCE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; UNITED-STATES; PARENTS; INHERITANCE; STENOTOMUM; SELECTION; PROGRAM AB At times it may be desirable to determine the importance, rather than the actual values, of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in parental materials. In screening large populations for disease resistance over years it may be difficult or impossible to accurately estimate these effects. Once a clone has been found to be susceptible it is usually discarded or lost to the disease, but multiple evaluations are desired before declaring a clone resistant. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of GCA and SCA for late blight resistance in tetraploid potatoes. Five late blight resistant females were crossed to four males in a design II mating scheme to generate 20 families. Progeny were evaluated for foliar late blight from 2002 to 2004. In the first 2 years progeny that had 90% late blight infected foliage were discarded; progeny with < 90% infected foliage were retested. Sixty-seven clones had no more than 50% infected foliage each year. Individual chi 2p tests demonstrated the significance of GCA in four of the five female parents, however, GCA was not significant in any of the male parents. The proportion of resistant progeny from the female and male parents was used to calculate the expected proportion of resistant progeny for each parental combination. The probbnml function in SAS was used to calculate the probability that the actual number of resistant clones observed was as great or greater than expected. SCA was important in four of the families. Although this method does not give estimates of GCA or SCA, it does determine if GCA or SCA are significant and which parents or parental combinations have significant GCA or SCA, respectively. C1 [Haynes, Kathleen G.] ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Christ, Barbara J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9051-1 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 371TD UT WOS:000260853300006 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH AF Jansky, Shelley H. TI Genotypic and Environmental Contributions to Baked Potato Flavor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato; Solanum tuberosum; Sensory analysis; Baked potato; Sensory panel ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SENSORY QUALITY; STORAGE; COMPONENTS; CULTIVARS; TEXTURE; VARIETY AB This study was carried out to determine the relative contributions of genotype and environment to baked potato flavor variation in standard potato cultivars. In addition, relationships between individual flavor components and overall quality perception scores were determined. The study was carried out for 2 years using stored potatoes. In addition, fresh potato tubers were evaluated in the second year. Taste panels evaluated potato varieties within four market classes, russets, whites, reds, and specialty clones. Flavor attributes included mealiness, sweetness, flavor intensity, off-flavor, and overall quality perception. Differences among cultivars and production environments were found. Stored potatoes received higher quality perception scores than fresh potatoes. Mealiness was the most variable flavor attribute and was influenced by both genotype and environment. Sweetness and flavor intensity were positively associated with quality perception. A strong negative association between off-flavor and quality perception was also detected. C1 [Jansky, Shelley H.] ARS, Dept Hort, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), ARS, Dept Hort, USDA, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association FX This work was funded in part by the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association. The statistical assistance of Dr. Deborah Palmquist (USDA-ARS) is appreciated. The author thanks the taste panelists who contributed to this study. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9053-z PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 371TD UT WOS:000260853300007 ER PT J AU Sabba, RP Bussan, AJ Lulai, EC AF Sabba, Robert P. Bussan, Alvin J. Lulai, Edward C. TI Relationship Between Pink Eye Symptoms and Cell Damage in the Tuber Periderm and Cortex SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Corky patch; Extensin; Fluorescein diacetate; Periderm; Pectin; Polyphenolic; Polyaliphatic; Potato; Solanum tuberosum L; Vital stain ID OXYGEN DEPRIVATION STRESS; VACUOLAR PROTEIN BODIES; POTATO-TUBER; VERTICILLIUM WILT; EXTENSIN; WALL; PECTIN; TOMATO; POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Pink eye (PE) is a tuber disorder that leads to processing complications and bud-end rot in storage. Despite the significance of PE for the potato processing industry, limited progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis of this disorder. Although the internal autofluorescence that characterizes PE has been described, the external symptoms of PE have not been well characterized or correlated with internal cellular symptoms. It is of vital importance to determine the physiological and cytological effects of PE in order to understand how it is caused and to develop effective management strategies to prevent the disorder. External symptoms progressed from pinkish discoloration around tuber eyes to water-soaked and corky patch lesions. Internal symptoms progressed from erratic browning around cortical cell walls to necrotic zones and cells with dark, circular inclusions. These areas often became surrounded by an internal PE-related periderm, while the native periderm often became compromised or lost. Vital staining with fluorescein diacetate showed that cortical and periderm cells underneath the native phellem became non-viable in PE tissue. Immunolocalization of homogalacturonan and extensin epitopes indicated that these cell wall polymers were not altered in pink eye afflicted tissues. These results conclusively show that the PE disorder results in or is caused by cell death in tissue underneath the native phellem, but does not lead to either cell wall breakdown or extensin deposition which is often characteristic of pathogen activity. C1 [Sabba, Robert P.; Bussan, Alvin J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lulai, Edward C.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Bussan, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ajbussan@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Potato Improvement Board; Wisconsin Potato Research Exchange; USDA Block FX Research support was derived from the Wisconsin Potato Improvement Board, Wisconsin Potato Research Exchange, and a USDA Block Grant. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 466 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9049-8 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 371TD UT WOS:000260853300008 ER PT J AU Riner, DK Sachs, PB Achee, NL Chauhan, K Grieco, JP AF Riner, Diana K. Sachs, Paige B. Achee, Nichole L. Chauhan, Kamal Grieco, John P. TI SPATIAL REPELLENT, CONTACT IRRITANT AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF AEDES AEGYPTI TO PLANT DERIVED COMPOUNDS AS COMPARED TO DEET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Riner, Diana K.; Sachs, Paige B.; Achee, Nichole L.; Grieco, John P.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Chauhan, Kamal] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 242 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600243 ER PT J AU Barnard, D Knue, G AF Barnard, Donald Knue, Gregory TI COMPARATIVE CAPTURE RATE RESPONSES OF MOSQUITO VECTORS TO LIGHT TRAP AND HUMAN LANDING COLLECTION METHODS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Barnard, Donald; Knue, Gregory] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 251 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600252 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Wilson, WC Bennett, K AF Turell, Michael J. Wilson, William C. Bennett, Kristine TI POTENTIAL FOR NORTH AMERICAN MOSQUITOES TO TRANSMIT RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Turell, Michael J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Wilson, William C.; Bennett, Kristine] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 257 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600258 ER PT J AU Cohen, SB Yabsley, MJ Freye, JD Dunlap, BG Dunn, JR Mead, DG Jones, TF Moncayo, AC AF Cohen, Sara B. Yabsley, Michael J. Freye, J. D. Dunlap, Brett G. Dunn, John R. Mead, Daniel G. Jones, Timothy F. Moncayo, Abelardo C. TI IDENTIFICATION OF RICKETTSIA FROM TICK SPECIES COLLECTED IN TENNESSEE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Cohen, Sara B.; Dunn, John R.; Jones, Timothy F.; Moncayo, Abelardo C.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.; Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freye, J. D.; Dunlap, Brett G.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv Program, Nashville, TN USA. RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 478 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600477 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Bowen, R Stark, L Kosoy, O Powers, A Panella, N Nemeth, N AF Johnson, Alison J. Bowen, Richard Stark, Lillian Kosoy, Olga Powers, Ann Panella, Nicholas Nemeth, Nicole TI BIOTINYLATION OF ANTIBODIES IN SERUM SAMPLES ALLEVIATES THE NEED FOR SPECIES-SPECIFIC DETECTION CONJUGATES WHEN ASSAYED FOR IN A MICROSPHERE-BASED SYSTEM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Johnson, Alison J.; Kosoy, Olga; Powers, Ann; Panella, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bowen, Richard] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stark, Lillian] Florida Dept Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. [Nemeth, Nicole] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA APHIS WS, Tampa, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 500 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600499 ER PT J AU Maloney, JG Newsome, A Huang, JJ Kirby, J Dunlap, B Yabsley, M Dunn, JR Carpenter, LR Jones, TF Moncayo, AC AF Maloney, Jenny G. Newsome, Anthony Huang, Junjun Kirby, Jordona Dunlap, Brett Yabsley, Michael Dunn, John R. Carpenter, L. Rand Jones, Timothy F. Moncayo, Abelardo C. TI SEROPREVALENCE OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI IN RACCOONS IN TENNESSEE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Maloney, Jenny G.; Newsome, Anthony] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. [Huang, Junjun; Dunn, John R.; Carpenter, L. Rand; Jones, Timothy F.; Moncayo, Abelardo C.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Dunlap, Brett] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Nashville, TN USA. [Yabsley, Michael] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 551 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600550 ER PT J AU Bennett, K Hopper, JE Stuart, MA West, M Drolet, BS AF Bennett, Kristine Hopper, Jessica E. Stuart, Melissa A. West, Mark Drolet, Barbara S. TI EFFECTS OF VIRAL INFECTION ON BLOOD FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND FECUNDITY IN CULICOIDES SONORENSIS (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Bennett, Kristine; Hopper, Jessica E.; Stuart, Melissa A.; Drolet, Barbara S.] USDA ARS ABADRL, Laramie, WY USA. [West, Mark] USDA ARS NPA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 845 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601210 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF El-Hossary, SS Hanafi, HA Watany, N Fawaz, EY Furman, BD Obernauer, PJ Szumlas, DE Kline, DL AF Hoel, D. F. El-Hossary, S. S. Hanafi, H. A. Watany, N. Fawaz, E. Y. Furman, B. D. Obernauer, P. J. Szumlas, D. E. Kline, D. L. TI RESPONSE OF PHLEBOTOMUS PAPATASI (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) TO COMMERCIAL MOSQUITO TRAPS IN SOUTHERN EGYPT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Hoel, D. F.] USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [El-Hossary, S. S.; Hanafi, H. A.; Watany, N.; Fawaz, E. Y.; Furman, B. D.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Obernauer, P. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Obernauer, P. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Nematol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Szumlas, D. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kline, D. L.] Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 847 BP 249 EP 250 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601212 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Wynn, WW Walker, TW Farooq, M Lothrop, BB AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Wynn, Willard W. Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Lothrop, Branka B. TI EVALUATING ULV MOSQUITO CONTROL APPLICATIONS IN A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DESERT HABITAT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Wynn, Willard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Lothrop, Branka B.] Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist, Indio, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1058 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601422 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Bernier, UR Kline, DL Cooperband, MF AF Allan, Sandra A. Bernier, Ulrich R. Kline, Daniel L. Cooperband, Miriam F. TI EFFECTS OF SINGLE HOST ODORS AND ODOR COMBINATIONS ON FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Allan, Sandra A.; Bernier, Ulrich R.; Kline, Daniel L.] USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cooperband, Miriam F.] USDA, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1087 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601450 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Driskell, EA Chase, CCL Neill, JD Palmer, MV Brodersen, BW AF Ridpath, Julia F. Driskell, Elizabeth A. Chase, Christopher C. L. Neill, John D. Palmer, Mitchell V. Brodersen, Bruce W. TI Reproductive tract disease associated with inoculation of pregnant white-tailed deer with bovine viral diarrhea virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL DISEASE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; BVDV2 STRAIN; CATTLE; 1A; 1B AB Objective-To inoculate white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the sixth or seventh week of gestation with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and observe for signs of reproductive tract disease during a 182-day period. Animals-10 pregnant white-tailed deer (8 seronegative and 2 seropositive [control deer] for BVDV). Procedures-Deer were inoculated with I of 2 deer-derived BVDV strains (RO3-20663 or RO3-24272). Serum anti-BVDV antibody titers were determined prior to and 21 or 35 days after inoculation. Virus isolation (VI) procedures were performed on tissues from fetuses and does that died and on blood samples collected from live fawns. Ear notch specimens obtained from live fawns were assessed by use of BVDV antigen-capture ELISA (ACE). Results-Both RO3-20663-inoculated seropositive deer gave birth to apparently normal fawns. Among the RO3-24272-inoculated seronegative deer, I died, and 1 aborted and 1 resorbed their fetuses; among the RO3-20663-inoculated seronegative deer, 3 died, I aborted its fetus, and 1 gave birth to 2 fawns that were likely persistently infected. On the basis of VI and ACE results, those 2 fawns were positive for BVDV; both had no detectable neutralizing anti-BVDV antibodies in serum. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Reproductive tract disease that developed in pregnant white-tailed deer following BVDV inoculation was similar to that which develops in BVDV-exposed cattle. Methods developed for BVDV detection in cattle (VI, immunohistochemical evaluations, and ACE) can be applied in assessments of white-tailed deer. Fawns from does that had serum anti-BVDV antibodies prior to inoculation were protected against BVDV infection in utero. (Am J Vet Res 2008;69:1630-1636) C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.; Driskell, Elizabeth A.; Neill, John D.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Palmer, Mitchell V.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Chase, Christopher C. L.] S Dakota State Univ, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Brodersen, Bruce W.] Univ Nebraska, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1630 EP 1636 DI 10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1630 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 380DC UT WOS:000261445300013 PM 19046011 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Li, RW Sonstegard, TS Matukumalli, LK Silva, MVGB Van Tassell, CP AF Liu, G. E. Li, R. W. Sonstegard, T. S. Matukumalli, L. K. Silva, M. V. G. B. Van Tassell, C. P. TI Characterization of a novel microdeletion polymorphism on BTA5 in cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE breakpoint; cattle genome; deletion; population frequency; structural variants ID HUMAN GENOME; COPY NUMBER; GENE; DYSPLASIA; DELETION; MOUSE; MAP AB We present a detailed breakpoint mapping and population frequency analysis of a 214-kb microdeletion that removes multiple olfactory receptor genes. Using progressive rounds of PCR assays, we mapped the upstream and downstream breakpoints of this microdeletion event to similar to 1 and 12 kb genomic regions, respectively. We developed PCR-based genotyping assays, characterized a dairy cattle panel of 96 samples and found that the frequency of the deletion allele was over 51%. Our results indicated that this microdeletion is an ancient event occurring in one of the earlier founders, and that it has been stably inherited across generations in the North American dairy cattle population. C1 [Liu, G. E.; Li, R. W.; Sonstegard, T. S.; Matukumalli, L. K.; Silva, M. V. G. B.; Van Tassell, C. P.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, L. K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Silva, M. V. G. B.] Embrapa Dairy Cattle, BR-36038330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI,BARC E, Bldg 200,Room 124B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM george.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01769.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 374NU UT WOS:000261051800010 PM 18699832 ER PT J AU Germerodt, M Beuermann, C Rohrer, GA Snelling, WM Brenig, B Knorr, C AF Germerodt, M. Beuermann, C. Rohrer, G. A. Snelling, W. M. Brenig, B. Knorr, C. TI Characterization and linkage mapping of 15 porcine STS markers to fine-map chromosomal regions associated with hernia inguinalis/scrotalis SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASSIGNMENT; GENOME C1 [Germerodt, M.; Beuermann, C.; Brenig, B.; Knorr, C.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Rohrer, G. A.; Snelling, W. M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Knorr, C (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, Burckhardtweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM cknorr@gwdg.de NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 671 EP 672 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01779.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 374NU UT WOS:000261051800014 PM 18786154 ER PT J AU Fushing, H Zhu, L Shapiro-Ilan, DI Campbell, JF Lewis, EE AF Fushing, Hsieh Zhu, Li Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Campbell, James F. Lewis, Edwin E. TI STATE-SPACE BASED MASS EVENT-HISTORY MODEL I: MANY DECISION-MAKING AGENTS WITH ONE TARGET SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Extremists; Heterogeneity; Interval censoring; Logistic regression; Maximum likelihood estimation; Nematode; Parasite infection; Weibull distribution ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB A dynamic decision-making system that includes a mass of indistinguishable agents Could manifest impressive heterogeneity. This kind of nonhomogeneity is Postulated to result from macroscopic behavioral tactics employed by almost all involved agents. A State-Space Based (SSB) mass event-history model is developed here to explore the potential existence of such macroscopic behaviors. By imposing an unobserved internal state-space variable into the system, each individual's event-history is made into a composition of a common state duration and an individual specific time to action. With the common state modeling of the macroscopic behavior, parametric statistical inferences are derived under the current-status data structure and conditional independence assumptions. Identifiability and computation related problems are also addressed. From the dynamic perspectives of system-wise heterogeneity, this SSB mass event-history model is shown to be very distinct from a random effect model via the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) in a numerical experiment. Real data showing the mass invasion by two species of parasitic nematode into two species of host larvae are also analyzed. The analysis results not only are found coherent in the context of the biology of the nematode as a parasite, but also include new quantitative interpretations. C1 [Fushing, Hsieh; Zhu, Li] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Campbell, James F.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Lewis, Edwin E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lewis, Edwin E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fushing, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eelewis@ucdavis.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU NIH [R01 AG025218-02] FX Supported in part by NIH Grant R01 AG025218-02. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 1503 EP 1522 DI 10.1214/08-AOAS189 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 398KN UT WOS:000262731100018 PM 19421335 ER PT J AU Gould, PJ Harrington, CA AF Gould, Peter J. Harrington, Constance A. TI Extending sapwood - Leaf area relationships from stems to roots in Coast Douglas-fir SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sapwood; heartwood; roots; leaf area; Douglas-fir ID BREAST-HEIGHT DIAMETERS; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; SCOTS PINE; CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; PLANTATION; HYPOTHESIS; BIOMASS; OREGON; SYSTEM AB Studies of allometric relationships between leaf area and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of sapwood in the stem have shed light on the structural and functional relationships between water-conducting and photosynthetic tissues. The purpose of this study was to test whether sapwood-leaf area relationships could be extended from stems to roots in coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Twelve trees were felled, their stumps were excavated, and the CSA of sapwood and heartwood were estimated for individual roots, entire root systems, and stem section. Root sapwood CSA was greater than sapwood CSA throughout the stem, and the ratio of leaf area to sapwood CSA (A(l):A(s)) was accordingly lower for root sapwood. The relationship between sapwood CSA and leaf area was more variable in roots and at groundline compared to crown base. Root A(l):A(s) decreased with relative tree height (tree height/mean stand height). The strong allometric relationship between leaf area and the CSA of sapwood in the stem generally holds when extended to roots. The greater CSA of sapwood in roots versus stems may reflect differences in their roles in supporting the tree. C1 [Gould, Peter J.; Harrington, Constance A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Gould, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM pgould@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 FU US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management FX We thank the Washington Department of Natural Resources for access to study sites and permission to fell sample trees, our coworkers for help in harvesting and transporting roots systems and processing foliage samples, David Marshall for field assistance and suggestions on sampling and data analysis, and George McFadden, US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, for financial support of data analysis. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 65 IS 8 AR 802 DI 10.1051/forest:2008067 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 379YD UT WOS:000261431600002 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Gardiner, ES Hodges, JD Ezell, AW AF Lockhart, Brian Roy Gardiner, Emile S. Hodges, John D. Ezell, Andrew W. TI Carbon allocation and morphology of cherrybark oak seedlings and sprouts under three light regimes SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE (14)C labeling; oak reproduction; Quercus pagoda (Raf.); carbon allocation ID NORTHERN RED-OAK; FAGUS-SYLVATICA L; QUERCUS-ROBUR L; CURRENT PHOTOSYNTHATE; SHOOT DECAPITATION; EPISODIC GROWTH; SOIL-MOISTURE; RUBRA; REINVIGORATION; LEAVES AB Continued problems in regenerating oak forests has led to a need for more basic information on oak seedling biology. In the present study, carbon allocation and morphology were compared between cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings and sprouts at 1-Lag grown in full, 47%, and 20% sunlight. Results indicated that cherrybark oak seedling carbon allocation and morphology responded plastically to light availability. In full light, roots were sinks for (14)C, while shoots were sinks for (14)C under reduced light availability. Cherrybark oak sprouts exhibited similar carbon allocation patterns in response to light availability, but displayed stronger shoot sinks than seedlings when grown underreduced light availability. We also showed that young oak sprout roots are a sink for (14)C-photosynthates. Results from this study point to the need for a morphological index for oak sprout development so more precise comparisons in sprout development and physiology can be made with seedlings. C1 [Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Hodges, John D.; Ezell, Andrew W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us FU Mississippi State University FX This research was supported by the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomlands Hardwoods Research and Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University. The authors thank Dr. R. F. Kellogg, Department of Biochemistry, Mississippi State University for laboratory guidance. We also thank Dr. Lisa Samuelson and Dr. Callie Jo Schweitzer for providing constructive comments to earlier versions of this manuscript. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions that the late Dr. Patricia Tomlinson made in teaching us the 14C labeling techniques during her tenure with the US Forest Service North Central Research Station. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 65 IS 8 AR 801 DI 10.1051/forest:2008064 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 379YD UT WOS:000261431600001 ER PT J AU Lyons, JM Anthony, CT Thomson, JL Woltering, EA AF Lyons, John M., III Anthony, Cathy T. Thomson, Jessica L. Woltering, Eugene A. TI A Novel Assay to Assess the Effectiveness of Antiangiogenic Drugs in Human Breast Cancer SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; CHEMOTHERAPY SENSITIVITY; ANGIOGENESIS ASSAY; RESISTANCE ASSAYS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; OVARIAN-CANCER; INVITRO ASSAY; SURVIVAL; AMPLIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Background: Many cytotoxic drugs maintain antiangiogenic properties, but there are no human, tumor-based assays to evaluate their antiangiogenic potential. We used a fibrin thrombin clot-based angiogenesis model to evaluate the angiogenic response of human breast cancer to various cytotoxic agents commonly used in its treatment. Methods: Fragments of freshly harvested human breast tumors were embedded in fibrin-thrombin clots and treated with five drugs: adriamycin, taxol, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate, and vincristine. Each treatment group included a mean of 28 fragments (range 16-60). A total of four tumors were tested. Tumor fragments were tested with a single dose of each reagent. Angiogenic initiation, angiogenic growth, and overall angiogenic effect were determined for each treatment group using a previously validated scale. Results: All four breast cancer specimens tested developed an angiogenic response, sprouting neovessels in vitro in a time-dependent fashion (r = 0.84, P = 0.0007). Taxol statistically inhibited angiogenesis in all four specimens with decreases in the mean angiogenic initiation, angiogenic growth, and overall effect that were 69%, 81%, and 94% of control values, respectively. Vincristine and 5-FU inhibited the mean overall angiogenic effect by 89% and 82% compared with control, respectively. Adriamycin inhibited overall effect 49%. Methotrexate was less effective. Conclusion: Freshly harvested breast cancer specimens develop an angiogenic response in a fibrin-thrombin clot-based angiogenesis model and respond to treatment with antineoplastic/antiangiogenic drugs. The antiangiogenic potential of commonly used breast cancer drugs varied among individual tumors. Data obtained from this model is unique and might potentially be used to further enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic regimens and individualize patient therapy. C1 [Lyons, John M., III; Anthony, Cathy T.; Woltering, Eugene A.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Sect Surg Oncol, Kenner, LA 70065 USA. [Lyons, John M., III; Anthony, Cathy T.; Woltering, Eugene A.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Surg Endocrinol, Kenner, LA 70065 USA. [Thomson, Jessica L.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Woltering, Eugene A.] LSUHSC Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Woltering, EA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Sect Surg Oncol, 200 W Esplanade,Suite 200, Kenner, LA 70065 USA. EM ewolte@lsuhsc.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3407 EP 3414 DI 10.1245/s10434-008-0145-2 PG 8 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 382PH UT WOS:000261617400013 PM 18795370 ER PT J AU Shary, S Kapich, AN Panisko, EA Magnuson, JK Cullen, D Hammel, KE AF Shary, Semarjit Kapich, Alexander N. Panisko, Ellen A. Magnuson, Jon K. Cullen, Daniel Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Differential Expression in Phanerochaete chrysosporium of Membrane-Associated Proteins Relevant to Lignin Degradation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIGHT-SIDE-OUT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; PENICILLIUM-CYCLOPIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; WOOD DECAY; PEROXIDASE; VESICLES; DATABASE AB Fungal lignin-degrading systems likely include membrane-associated proteins that participate in diverse processes such as uptake and oxidation of lignin fragments, production of ligninolytic secondary metabolites, and defense of the mycelium against ligninolytic oxidants. Little is known about the nature or regulation of these membrane-associated components. We grew the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium on cellulose or glucose as the carbon source and monitored the mineralization of a C-14-labeled synthetic lignin by these cultures to assess their ligninolytic competence. The results showed that the cellulose-grown cultures were ligninolytic, whereas the glucose-grown ones were not. We isolated microsomal membrane fractions from both types of culture and analyzed tryptic digests of their proteins by shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison of the results against the predicted P. chrysosporium proteome showed that a catalase (Joint Genome Institute P. chrysosporium protein identification number [I. D.] 124398), an alcohol oxidase (126879), two transporters (137220 and 132234), and two cytochrome P450s (5011 and 8912) were upregulated under ligninolytic conditions. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays showed that RNA transcripts encoding all of these proteins were also more abundant in ligninolytic cultures. Catalase 124398, alcohol oxidase 126879, and transporter 137220 were found in a proteomic analysis of partially purified plasma membranes from ligninolytic P. chrysosporium and are therefore most likely associated with the outer envelope of the fungus. C1 [Shary, Semarjit; Kapich, Alexander N.; Cullen, Daniel; Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Shary, Semarjit; Kapich, Alexander N.; Cullen, Daniel; Hammel, Kenneth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Panisko, Ellen A.; Magnuson, Jon K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Proc Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-94ER20140, DE-AI02-07ER64480, DE-AI32-08NA28543]; U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by U. S. Department of Energy grants DE-FG02-94ER20140, DE-AI02-07ER64480, and DE-AI32-08NA28543 to K. E. H. The proteomic data were processed and archived by the Instrument Development Laboratory at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 23 BP 7252 EP 7257 DI 10.1128/AEM.01997-08 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 374FZ UT WOS:000261030400020 PM 18849459 ER PT J AU Whitworth, JH Fegan, N Keller, J Gobius, KS Bono, JL Call, DR Hancock, DD Besser, TE AF Whitworth, Joshua H. Fegan, Narelle Keller, Jasmin Gobius, Kari S. Bono, James L. Call, Douglas R. Hancock, Dale D. Besser, Thomas E. TI International Comparison of Clinical, Bovine, and Environmental Escherichia coli O157 Isolates on the Basis of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophage Insertion Site Genotypes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF PATTIES; GENOME SEQUENCE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; STORAGE AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 genotypes in the bovine reservoir may differ in virulence. The proportion of clinical genotypes among cattle isolates was weakly (P = 0.054) related to the international incidence of E. coli O157:H7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome, varied among clinical isolates internationally, and also differed along the putative cattle-hamburger-clinical case transmission chain. C1 [Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hancock, Dale D.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fegan, Narelle; Keller, Jasmin; Gobius, Kari S.] Food Sci Australia, Microbiol Grp, Tingalpa, Qld 4173, Australia. [Bono, James L.] USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Besser, TE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tbesser@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011; Fegan, Narelle/K-5316-2012; Gobius, Kari/I-4700-2013 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [N01-AI-30055] FX This project was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract number N01-AI-30055.; Liz Ossian provided excellent technical support for this work. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 23 BP 7447 EP 7450 DI 10.1128/AEM.01190-08 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 374FZ UT WOS:000261030400046 PM 18849446 ER PT J AU Li, XL Skory, CD Cotta, MA Puchart, V Biely, P AF Li, Xin-Liang Skory, Christopher D. Cotta, Michael A. Puchart, Vladimir Biely, Peter TI Novel Family of Carbohydrate Esterases, Based on Identification of the Hypocrea jecorina Acetyl Esterase Gene SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; XYLAN ESTERASES; CORN FIBER; CELLULASE; ENZYME; TRANSFORMATION; DEACETYLATION; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Plant cell walls have been shown to contain acetyl groups in hemicelluloses and pectin. The gene aes1, encoding the acetyl esterase (Aes1) of Hypocrea jecorina, was identified by amino-terminal sequencing, peptide mass spectrometry, and genomic sequence analyses. The coded polypeptide had 348 amino acid residues with the first 19 serving as a secretion signal peptide. The calculated molecular mass and isoelectric point of the secreted enzyme were 37,088 Da and pH 5.89, respectively. No significant homology was found between the predicated Aes1 and carbohydrate esterases of known families, but putative aes1 orthologs were found in genomes of many fungi and bacteria that produce cell wall-degrading enzymes. The aes1 transcript levels were high when the fungal cells were induced with sophorose, cellulose, oat spelt xylan, lactose, and arabinose. The recombinant Aes1 produced by H. jecorina transformed with aes1 under the cellobiohydrolase I promoter displayed properties similar to those reported for the native enzyme. The enzyme hydrolyzed acetate ester bond specifically. Using 4-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate, the activity of the recombinant enzyme was enhanced by D-xylose, D-glucose, cellobiose, D-galactose, and xylooligosaccharides but not by arabinose, mannose, or lactose. With the use of 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside monoacetate as substrate in a beta-xylosidase-coupled assay, Aes1 hydrolyzed positions 3 and 4 with the same efficiency while the H. jecorina acetylxylan esterase 1 exclusively deacetylated the position 2 acetyl group. Aes1 was capable of transacetylating methylxyloside in aqueous solution. The data presented demonstrate that Aes1 and other homologous microbial proteins may represent a new family of esterases for lignocellulose biodegradation. C1 [Li, Xin-Liang; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Skory, Christopher D.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Puchart, Vladimir; Biely, Peter] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Youtell Biotechnol Inc, N Creek Corp Ctr, Suite 100,19310 N Creek Pkwy, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. EM shinli88@hotmail.com OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU USDA-ARS [CRIS3620-41000-118] FX The work at USDA-ARS was supported by CRIS3620-41000-118. We thank Jennifer Teresi, Kristina Glenzinski, and Timmy Ho for excellent technical assistance.; The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U. S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 24 BP 7482 EP 7489 DI 10.1128/AEM.00807-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 381CU UT WOS:000261513700004 PM 18978092 ER PT J AU Ward, TJ Ducey, TF Usgaard, T Dunn, KA Bielawski, JP AF Ward, Todd J. Ducey, Thomas F. Usgaard, Thomas Dunn, Katherine A. Bielawski, Joseph P. TI Multilocus Genotyping Assays for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRUNCATED INTERNALIN-A; POSITIVE SELECTION; SUSPENSION ARRAY; UNITED-STATES; DNA ARRAYS; STRAINS; VIRULENCE; FOODS; EVOLUTION AB Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for serious invasive illness associated with consumption of contaminated food and places a significant burden on public health and the agricultural economy. We recently developed a multilocus genotyping ( MLGT) assay for high-throughput subtype determination of L. monocytogenes lineage I isolates based on interrogation of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) via multiplexed primer extension reactions. Here we report the development and validation of two additional MLGT assays that address the need for comprehensive DNA sequence-based subtyping of L. monocytogenes. The first of these novel MLGT assays targeted variation segregating within lineage II, while the second assay combined probes for lineage III strains with probes for strains representing a recently characterized fourth evolutionary lineage (IV) of L. monocytogenes. These assays were based on nucleotide variation identified in >3.8 Mb of comparative DNA sequence and consisted of 115 total probes that differentiated 93% of the 100 haplotypes defined by the multilocus sequence data. MLGT reproducibly typed the 173 isolates used in SNP discovery, and the 10,448 genotypes derived from MLGT analysis of these isolates were consistent with DNA sequence data. Application of the MLGT assays to assess subtype prevalence among isolates from ready-to-eat foods and food-processing facilities indicated a low frequency (6.3%) of epidemic clone subtypes and a substantial population of isolates (>30%) harboring mutations in inlA associated with attenuated virulence in cell culture and animal models. These mutations were restricted to serogroup 1/2 isolates, which may explain the overrepresentation of serotype 4b isolates in human listeriosis cases. C1 [Ward, Todd J.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Dunn, Katherine A.; Bielawski, Joseph P.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM todd.ward@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 50 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 24 BP 7629 EP 7642 DI 10.1128/AEM.01127-08 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 381CU UT WOS:000261513700023 PM 18931295 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Moon, J Andersh, BJ Slininger, PJ Weber, S AF Liu, Z. Lewis Moon, Jaewoong Andersh, Brad J. Slininger, Patricia J. Weber, Scott TI Multiple gene-mediated NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reduction is a mechanism of in situ detoxification of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass conversion inhibitor; Biotransformation; Metabolic pathways; Stress tolerance; Yeast ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ETHANOLOGENIC YEAST; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; FUEL ETHANOL; XYLOSE; BIOMASS; LIGNOCELLULOSE; CONVERSION; STRAINS; HMF AB Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are representative inhibitors generated from biomass pretreatment using dilute acid hydrolysis that interfere with yeast growth and subsequent fermentation. Few yeast strains tolerant to inhibitors are available. In this study, we report a tolerant strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50049, which has enhanced biotransformation ability to convert furfural to furan methanol (FM), HMF to furan di-methanol (FDM), and produce a normal yield of ethanol. Our recent identification of HMF and development of protocol to synthesize the HMF metabolic conversion product FDM allowed studies on fermentation metabolic kinetics in the presence of HMF and furfural. Individual gene-encoding enzymes possessing aldehyde reduction activities demonstrated cofactor preference for NADH or NADPH. However, protein extract from whole yeast cells showed equally strong aldehyde reduction activities coupled with either cofactor. Deletion of a single candidate gene did not affect yeast growth in the presence of the inhibitors. Our results suggest that detoxification of furfural and HMF by the ethanologenic yeast S. cerevisiae strain Y-50049 likely involves multiple gene mediated NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reduction. Conversion pathways of furfural and HMF relevant to glycolysis and ethanol production were refined based on our findings in this study. C1 [Liu, Z. Lewis; Moon, Jaewoong; Slininger, Patricia J.; Weber, Scott] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Andersh, Brad J.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM zlewis.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 81 IS 4 BP 743 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1702-0 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 379CR UT WOS:000261374300016 PM 18810428 ER PT J AU Falcone, JC Lominadze, D Johnson, WT Schuschke, DA AF Falcone, Jeff C. Lominadze, David Johnson, W. Thomas Schuschke, Dale A. TI Endothelial cell-derived nitric oxide mobilization is attenuated in copper-deficient rats SO APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM-PHYSIOLOGIE APPLIQUEE NUTRITION ET METABOLISME LA English DT Article DE copper; nitric oxide; endothelium; microcirculation; vasoreactivity ID AORTA; RELAXATION; DILATION; SYNTHASE; MUSCLE AB The attenuation of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) mediated vasodilation is a consistent finding in both conduit and resistance vessels during dietary copper (Cu) deficiency. Although the effect is well established, evidence for the mechanism remains circumstantial. This study was designed to determine the relative amount of NO produced in and released from the vascular endothelium. Using the fluorescent NO indicator, 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM), we now demonstrate the effect of a Cu-deficient diet on the production of NO from the endothelium of resistance arterioles. In one group of experiments, control and Cu-chelated lung microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) were used to assay NO production and fluorescence was observed by confocal microscopy. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets that were either Cu adequate (6.3 micrograms Cu per gram of food) or Cu deficient (0.3 micrograms Cu per gram of food) for 4 weeks. In the second series of experiments, first-order arterioles were microsurgically isolated from the rat cremaster muscle, cannulated, and pressurized with (3[N-morpholino] propanesulfonic acid) physiologic salt solution (MOPS-PSS). DAF-FM (5 mu mol . L(-1)) was added in the lumen of the vessel to measure NO release. Baseline DAF-FM fluorescence was significantly lower in Cu-chelated ECs than in controls. In response to 10(-6) mol . L(-1) acetylcholine, fluorescent intensity was significantly less in chelated ECs and in the lumen of Cu-deficient arterioles. The results suggest that production and release of NO by the vascular endothelium is inhibited by a restriction of Cu. This inhibition may account for the attenuated vasodilation previously reported in Cu-deficient rats. C1 [Falcone, Jeff C.; Lominadze, David; Schuschke, Dale A.] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Phys & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Johnson, W. Thomas] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Phys & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM daschu01@louisville.edu OI Lominadze, David/0000-0002-9911-4539 FU NIH [DK55030] FX This study was supported by NIH DK55030. The authors thank Sharon Gordon and Kathleen Hamilton for their technical assistance. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity - affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1715-5312 J9 APPL PHYSIOL NUTR ME JI Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1078 DI 10.1139/H08-091 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 385JA UT WOS:000261809300002 PM 19088764 ER PT J AU Friday, JB Scowcroft, PG Ares, A AF Friday, James B. Scowcroft, Paul G. Ares, Adrian TI Responses of native and invasive plant species to selective logging in an Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha forest in Hawai'i SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cibotium; Disturbance; Ehrharts stipoides; Fraxinus uhdei; Passiflora tarminiana; Tropical ash; Tree fern; Tropical island ID USE EFFICIENCY; RESOURCE USE; WATER-USE; PRODUCTIVITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INVASIBILITY; DISPERSAL AB Questions: Is the introduced timber species Fraximus uhdei invasive in Hawai'i? Has logging disturbance facilitated the spread of Fraxinus and other alien species? Location: Windward Mauna Kea, island of Hawai'i. Methods: We surveyed 29 plots which were established before selective logging of the native tree Acacia koa in 1971 to determine if Fraxinus spread beyond the borders of an existing plantation and if other alien species increased. We created gaps in the canopy of the Fraxinus plantation and measured seed rain and regeneration, and we sampled foliar and soil nutrients inside and around the plantation. Results: Basal area of Fraxinus increased front 0.7 m(2).ha(-1) in 1971 to 10.8 m(2).ha (1) in 2000. Fraxinus was not found in plots that were located more than 500 m from those where it occurred in 1971 except along a road, Basal area of Acacia koa decreased after logging but subsequently recovered. Occurrence of the alien vine Passiflora tarminiana and alien grass Ehrharta stipoides decreased. Seedling regeneration of Fraxinus was prolific in gaps but did not occur under the canopy. Basal area of Fraxinus did not correlate with soil nutrient concentrations. Conclusions: Fraxinus was able to regenerate following logging more rapidly than native tree species. Basal area growth of Fraxinus was great enough to offset a decline in native trees and cause an increase in forest productivity. If the Fraxinus plantation is harvested. managers should plan ways of favoring regeneration of the native Acacia which is more valuable both for timber and for conservation. C1 [Ares, Adrian] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Scowcroft, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Friday, James B.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Cooperat Extens Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Friday, JB (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Cooperat Extens Serv, 875 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jbfriday@hawaii.edu; pscowcroft@fs.fed.us; adrian@hawaii.edu NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.3170/2008-7-18538 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 430HL UT WOS:000264980100005 ER PT J AU Dobrowski, SZ Safford, HD Cheng, YB Ustin, SL AF Dobrowski, Solomon Z. Safford, Hugh D. Cheng, Yen Ben Ustin, Susan L. TI Mapping mountain vegetation using species distribution modeling, image-based texture analysis, and object-based classification SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Decision tree; GAM; Image segmentation; Sierra Nevada; Topographic convergence index; Vegetation mapping ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SPATIAL PREDICTION; SEGMENTATION; INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS; PARAMETERS; GRADIENTS; VARIABLES; SYSTEMS; SINGLE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to map vegetation composition across a 24 000 ha watershed. Location: The study was conducted on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. USA. Methods: Automated image segmentation was used to delineate image objects representing vegetation patches of similar physiognomy and structure. Image objects were classified using a decision tree and data sources extracted from individual species distribution models. Landsat spectral data, and life from cover estimates derived from aerial image-based texture variables. Results: A total of 12 plant communities were mapped with an overall accuracy of 75% and a kappa-value of 0.69. Species distribution models inputs improved map accuracy by approximately 15% over maps derived solely from image data. Automated mapping of existing vegetation distributions. based solely oil predictive distribution model results. proved to be more accurate than mapping based on Landsat data, and equivalent in accuracy to mapping based oil all image data sources. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of terrain, edaphic, and bioclimatic variables when mapping vegetation communities in complex terrain. Mapping errors stemmed from the lack of spectral discernability between vegetation classes. and the inability to account for the confounding effects of land use history and disturbance within a static distribution modeling framework. C1 [Dobrowski, Solomon Z.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cheng, Yen Ben; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Spatial Technol & Remote Sensing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Forest Serv Pacific SW Reg, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Dobrowski, SZ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM solomon.dobrowski@cfc.umt.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.3170/2008-7-18560 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 430HL UT WOS:000264980100008 ER PT J AU Celorio-Mancera, MD Allen, ML Powell, AL Ahmadi, H Salemi, MR Phinney, BS Shackel, KA Greve, LC Teuber, LR Labavitch, JM AF Celorio-Mancera, Maria de la Paz Allen, Margaret L. Powell, Ann L. Ahmadi, Hamid Salemi, Michelle R. Phinney, Brett S. Shackel, Kenneth A. Greve, L. Carl Teuber, Larry R. Labavitch, John M. TI Polygalacturonase causes lygus-like damage on plants: cloning and identification of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) polygalacturonases secreted during feeding SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Lygus lineolaris; Polygalacturonase; Salivary digestive enzymes; Alfalfa; Mirid feeding ID INHIBITING PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; STATISTICAL-MODEL; MIRIDAE; HETEROPTERA; HEMIPTERA; COLONIZATION; ELICITATION; EXPRESSION; LINEOLARIS AB Polygalacturonase (PG), an enzyme that degrades pectin within the plant tissue cell wall, has been postulated as the chemical cause of damage to plants by the mirid Lygus hesperus. Micro-injection of two pure recombinant Aspergillus niger PG II protein forms, the wild type enzymically active and the mutant inactive one, into alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) florets, demonstrates that the enzymatic activity rather than the PG protein structure per se elicits damage symptoms. A PG gene family has been described for the tarnished plant bug, L. lineolaris. Here we report cloning members of the L. hesperus PG gene family, Lhpg2, obtained with L. lineolaris PG-specific primers and a novel Lhpg4, amplified with degenerate primers that were designed based, in part on the N-terminal sequence from an active, partially purified L. hesperus salivary gland PG protein. Proteomic analyses revealed that the salivary gland PGs encoded by Lhpg2 and Lhpg4 are detected in a diet into which L. hesperus has extruded its saliva when feeding. C1 [Celorio-Mancera, Maria de la Paz; Powell, Ann L.; Ahmadi, Hamid; Salemi, Michelle R.; Phinney, Brett S.; Shackel, Kenneth A.; Greve, L. Carl; Teuber, Larry R.; Labavitch, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Allen, Margaret L.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Labavitch, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmlabavitch@ucdavis.edu RI Celorio Mancera, Maria de la Paz/J-6687-2012; Phinney, Brett/S-6404-2016; OI Phinney, Brett/0000-0003-3870-3302; Celorio-Mancera, Maria de la Paz/0000-0003-0296-0577; Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 FU University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States; National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT); University of California Davis; Cotton Incorporated; California Cotton State Support Committee FX Thanks to Dr. Carl Bergman at the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center for providing the A. niger PG II wild type and D202N samples. Thanks to Sandy Briesacher for providing us with L. hesperus eggs from her colony at the University of Missouri, Columbia. This work was supported by University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT), University of California Davis (Plant Sciences Departmental Graduate Research Award and Jastro Shields Award), Cotton Incorporated and the California Cotton State Support Committee. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 EI 1872-8847 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s11829-008-9050-7 PG 11 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 374QV UT WOS:000261059700003 ER PT J AU Cheng, H AF Cheng, Hans TI Native birds might restock poultry industry's genetic stock SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT News Item C1 USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA V10TJ UT WOS:000207486000017 ER PT J AU Pandiri, AKR Cortes, AL Lee, LF Gimeno, IM AF Pandiri, Arun K. R. Cortes, Aneg L. Lee, Lucy F. Gimeno, I. M. TI Marek's Disease Virus Infection in the Eye: Chronological Study of the Lesions, Virus Replication, and Vaccine-Induced Protection SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's diseases; eye; retina; pathogenesis ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM LESIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CHICKENS; CELLS; MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; STRAIN; INOCULATION; HERPESVIRUS; CHALLENGE AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in the eye was studied chronologically after inoculating 1-day-old chickens with a very virulent MDV strain, Md5. The ocular lesions could be classified as early lesions (6-11 days postinoculation [dpi]) and late lesions (26 and 56 dpi), based upon the location and severity of the lesions. The early lesions involved iris, ciliary body, and choroid layer, and were characterized by endothelial cell hypertrophy, vasculitis, and infiltration of lymphocytes (mainly CD8+), plasma cells, macrophages, and heterophils. Expression of early MDV-antigen pp38 in the cells infiltrating choroid layer was detected as early as 11 dpi. Late lesions consisted of severe lymphohistiocytic uveitis, keratitis, pectenitis, vitreitis, retinitis, and segmental to diffuse retinal necrosis. Cell infiltration included macrophages, granulocytes, plasma cells, and both CD4+ and CD8+ cells of various sizes. Expression of early MDV-antigen pp38 was readily found within the retina, uveal tract, and corneal epithelium. No expression of late-antigen gB or oncoprotein meq was detected in any of the eyes examined. A second experiment was conducted to study the effect of vaccination on the development of ocular lesions. Both HVT and CVI988 were able to protect against the development of early ocular lesions in chickens infected with very virulent plus strain MDV 648A. However, only CVI988 conferred complete protection against the development of late ocular lesions. HVT conferred partial protection, as it reduced the frequency and severity of the late ocular lesions. These results enhance our understanding of the nature and pattern of MDV infection in the eye. C1 [Pandiri, Arun K. R.; Cortes, Aneg L.; Gimeno, I. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Populat Hlth & Pathobiol Dept, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lee, Lucy F.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Gimeno, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Populat Hlth & Pathobiol Dept, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Isabel_Gimeno@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 572 EP 580 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WE UT WOS:000264525700003 PM 19166047 ER PT J AU Dutta, V Huff, GR Huff, WE Johnson, MG Nannapaneni, R Sayler, RJ AF Dutta, V. Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Johnson, M. G. Nannapaneni, R. Sayler, R. J. TI The Effects of Stress on Respiratory Disease and Transient Colonization of Turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkeys; Listeria monocytogenes; dexamethasone; cold stress; real-time PCR ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; BROILER-CHICKENS; OSTEOMYELITIS COMPLEX; SLAUGHTERHOUSE LEVEL; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; PROCESSING PLANTS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; POULTRY; MEAT AB Listeria monocytogenes contaminates poultry processing plants due to its ubiquitous nature and high resistance to disinfection. The sources of the persistent, biofilm-forming strains that colonize processing plants are unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine if intrinsic colonization of turkeys is a possible source of contamination. Male poults were subjected to cold stress from 4-12 days of age; poults were unchallenged or were exposed to an aerosol and oral challenge of either an avian pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (Ec), the Scott A strain of L. monocytogenes (Lm), or to a combination (Ec-Lm). At 7 wk, all cold-stressed poults were treated with an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone (Dex) and exposed to the same bacterial challenges. Birds were necropsied at 1 wk and 2 wk post-Dex treatment. Percent mortality, body and organ weights, and airsacculitis scores were determined. Liver and knee synovial tissues were sampled, using transport swabs, and cultured by direct plating, pre-enrichment, and Taqman (R) real-time PCR. There were no significant differences in cumulative mortality, and airsacculitis scores were variable but tended to be decreased by cold stress. Relative weights of liver and heart were increased, whereas body weights, and spleen and bursa relative weights, were decreased following all challenges. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from up to 50% of liver or knee synovial tissues, using pre-enrichment followed by culturing methods, and from up to 67% of knee synovial tissues using pre-enrichment followed by real-time PCR at 1 wk postchallenge. The higher percentages of positive birds, detected by real-time PCR rather than by culture, and the negative results at 2 wk post-challenge suggest that the birds experienced a transient infection that was cleared by the immune system. These results suggest that environmentally acquired L. monocytogenes can transiently colonize the liver and synovial tissues of stressed turkeys and may be a sporadic source of contamination of processing plants. C1 [Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Dutta, V.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Johnson, M. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Nannapaneni, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Hlth Promot, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sayler, R. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This study was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and by a grant from the USDA Food Safety Consortium. We are indebted to Dr. Ken Korth, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, and to his laboratory associates, for the use of their real-time PCR equipment and all of their help in this study. We also appreciate the excellent assistance of USDA-ARS research technicians Dana Bassi, Scott Zornes, and Dr. Sonia Tsai. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 581 EP 589 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WE UT WOS:000264525700004 PM 19166048 ER PT J AU Vaughn, LE Holt, PS Gast, RK AF Vaughn, Lara E. Holt, Peter S. Gast, Richard K. TI Cellular Assessment of Crop Lymphoid Tissue from Specific-Pathogen-Free White Leghorn Chickens After Salmonella Enteritidis Challenge SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteritidis; chicken; crop; mucosal immune system; IgA; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; isolated lymphoid follicles; immunohistochemistry ID SUFFICIENT B-LYMPHOCYTES; FOLLICLE FORMATION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; LAVAGE PROCEDURE; SMALL-INTESTINE; CECAL TONSIL; PLASMA-CELLS; GUT; IDENTIFICATION; SECRETIONS AB The crop may be an important site along the upper alimentary tract in which a humoral immune response against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is elicited locally. The mucosal immune response within the crop (ingluvies) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn (WL) chickens against SE was investigated. Three trials were conducted using SPF WL pullets at age 5-6 wk. Trial 1 consisted of 77 birds evaluated for 10 wk post-SE infection (pi), trial 2 was composed of 72 birds monitored through 8 wk pi, and trial 3 was made up of 30 birds assessed for 5 wk pi. Birds were challenged per os with 10 8 colony-forming units/ml SE phage type 13. Crop lavage samples, crop tissues, ceca, and/or liver-spleen were collected preinfection and then at weekly intervals post-SE infection. Bacteriologic examination of cecal contents and/or liver-spleen occurred weekly to monitor progression of SE infection. Crop lavages were analyzed for SE-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess humoral immune response. General histologic staining (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] and methyl green-pyronin [MGP]) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining (monoclonal antibodies CD45 and Bu-1) were applied to serial sections of crop to evaluate lymphoid tissue via light microscopy, to grade isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) by using score 0 (minimal, <50 mu m in diameter) to score 5 (sizable, >200 mu m in diameter) scale, and to characterize the cellular population of ILFs. Results revealed that cecum samples and liver-spleen samples were 100% SE culture positive at 1 wk pi, and then the percentage of SE positives progressively declined over time. Markedly increased crop SE-LPS-specific IgA antibodies were detected in crop samples by 2-3 wk pi, and the humoral response remained elevated above week 0 baseline for the duration of each trial. Crop ILFs of score 3 to 5 were observed in H&E-stained tissues, with an increased proportion of ILFs in post-SE-infected crops vs. uninfected. MGP staining showed plasma cells scattered within and at the periphery of ILFs. IHC staining revealed CD45 (pan-leukocyte) and Bu-1 (B-lymphocyte)-positive cells within crop ILFs. The chicken crop seems to be an organ in which lymphoid tissue may arise in response to enteric SE infection, and a site in which a humoral response may be generated against the SE pathogen. C1 [Vaughn, Lara E.; Holt, Peter S.; Gast, Richard K.] ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pete.holt@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 657 EP 664 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 423WE UT WOS:000264525700015 PM 19166059 ER PT J AU Ulrichs, C Hopper, KR AF Ulrichs, Christian Hopper, Keith R. TI Predicting insect distributions from climate and habitat data SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Climate matching; Pest risk prediction; Biological control introductions; Insect distribution; Insect habitat; Analogous climate; Biosecurity ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; POTENTIAL GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; INVICTA BUREN HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; NORTH-AMERICA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL PREDICTION; RANGE EXPANSION AB Knowing the effects of climate and habitat on the distributions of insect pests and their natural enemy would help target the search for natural enemies, increase establishment of intentional introductions, improve risk assessment for accidental introductions and the effects of climate change. Most existing methods used to predict geographical distributions of insects either involve subjective comparisons of climate or require data concerning insect responses to climate. Here we have used geographical distributions of insects to develop statistical models for the effects of climate and habitat on these distributions. We tested this approach using six insect pests found in the United States: Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer), Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid), Helicoverpa zea (Corn earworm), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Solenopsis invicta (Red imported fire ant), and Conotrachelus nenuphar (Plum curculio). By randomly separating the data into model-building and test sets, we were able to estimate prediction accuracy. For each species, a unique combination of predictor variables was identified. The models correctly predicted presence for more than 92% of the data on each insect species. The models correctly predicted absence for 59% to 77% of the data on five of six species. Absence predictions were poor for H. zea (21% correct), because distribution data were limited and inaccurate. Predictions of insect absence were more difficult because absence data were less abundant and perhaps less reliable. This approach offers potential for the analysis of existing data to produce predictions about insect establishment. However, accurate prediction depends heavily on data quality, and in particular, more data are needed from locations where insects are sampled but not found. C1 [Ulrichs, Christian] Humboldt Univ, Sect Urban Hort, Inst Hort Sci, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ulrichs, Christian; Hopper, Keith R.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res, Newark, DE USA. RP Ulrichs, C (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Sect Urban Hort, Inst Hort Sci, Lentzeallee 55-57, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM christian.ulrichs@agrar.hu-berlin.de RI Ulrichs, Christian/D-3029-2009; Ulrichs, Christian/C-6055-2015; OI Ulrichs, Christian/0000-0002-6733-3366 NR 71 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 881 EP 894 DI 10.1007/s10526-007-9143-8 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 363ZR UT WOS:000260306500005 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Schmer, MR Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB AF Liebig, M. A. Schmer, M. R. Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. TI Soil Carbon Storage by Switchgrass Grown for Bioenergy SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gas balance; Perennial biofeedstocks; Switchgrass AB Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for bioenergy production require data on soil organic carbon (SOC) change and harvested C yields to accurately estimate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date, nearly all information on SOC change under switchgrass has been based on modeled assumptions or small plot research, both of which do not take into account spatial variability within or across sites for an agro-ecoregion. To address this need, we measured change in SOC and harvested C yield for switchgrass fields on ten farms in the central and northern Great Plains, USA (930 km latitudinal range). Change in SOC was determined by collecting multiple soil samples in transects across the fields prior to planting switchgrass and again 5 years later after switchgrass had been grown and managed as a bioenergy crop. Harvested aboveground C averaged 2.5 +/- 0.7 Mg C ha(-1) over the 5 year study. Across sites, SOC increased significantly at 0-30 cm (P=0.03) and 0-120 cm (P=0.07), with accrual rates of 1.1 and 2.9 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) (4.0 and 10.6 Mg CO(2) ha(-1) year(-1)), respectively. Change in SOC across sites varied considerably, however, ranging from -0.6 to 4.3 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) for the 0-30 cm depth. Such variation in SOC change must be taken into consideration in LCAs. Net GHG emissions from bioenergy crops vary in space and time. Such variation, coupled with an increased reliance on agriculture for energy production, underscores the need for long-term environmental monitoring sites in major agro-ecoregions. C1 [Liebig, M. A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Schmer, M. R.; Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-A105-900R2194]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We gratefully acknowledge the farmers who participated in the study. We also thank Jamie Erhardt, Danielle Forre, Jason Gross, Steve Masterson, Steven Petrik, Gail Sage, Travis Schulz, Nate Shilman, Nick Shilman, Becky Wald, Danny Wikenheiser, and Alexa Zink for providing excellent technical support during sampling, processing, and laboratory analyses. Initial funding for the research was provided by U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Feedstock Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, contract no. DE-A105-900R2194. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. This evaluation contributed to two USDA-ARS cross-location research efforts: GRACEnet (Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network) and REAP (Renewable Energy Assessment Project). NR 44 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12CC UT WOS:000207576300005 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW AF Varvel, G. E. Wilhelm, W. W. TI Cob Biomass Production in the Western Corn Belt SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Cob biomass; Cob percent of grain biomass; Cropping systems; Residue AB Corn residue is viewed as an abundant, inexpensive source of biomass that can be removed from fields for ethanol production without deleterious production or environmental effects if proper management is used according to some recent publications. Other publications indicate that corn residue needs to be retained on the land to reduce erosion and maintain or perhaps even improve soil organic matter levels. As researchers attempt to address these questions, one component of corn residue that may be available for immediate use for conversion to ethanol is the cob. Our objective was to determine how much cob biomass or cob biomass (as a percentage of grain biomass) is produced that could potentially be converted to biofuels. Results from two long-term experiments: 1) Rainfed with four cropping systems that included corn with three nitrogen fertilizer rates (20 years), and 2) Irrigated with two cropping systems, with four corn hybrids and five nitrogen fertilizer rates (8 years). Several factors (Cropping System, Hybrids, N fertilizer, and their interactions) significantly affected both cob biomass and cob biomass as a percent of grain biomass but were not of sufficient magnitude to be of practical significance. Most importantly, when N fertilizer was applied at rates sufficient to optimize grain yields in all cropping systems and hybrids, cob biomass as a percent of grain biomass averaged approximately 20%. This consistent relationship allows quick and easy calculation of the cob biomass that could be available for harvest for biofuels if grain yield levels or potentials are known. C1 [Varvel, G. E.; Wilhelm, W. W.] Univ Nebraska, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 305 Entomol,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gary.Varvel@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service FX This publication is based upon work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS REAP and GRACEnet Projects. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9026-6 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12CC UT WOS:000207576300006 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Schmer, MR Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB AF Kiniry, J. R. Schmer, M. R. Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. TI Switchgrass Biomass Simulation at Diverse Sites in the Northern Great Plains of the US SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Degree days; Leaf area index AB The Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model, originally developed and tested in Texas, needs to be tested for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) simulation in more northerly locations. The Northern Great Plains of the U. S. has regionally adapted native populations of switchgrass and has excellent potential for growing switchgrass as a biofuel crop. The objective of this study was to adjust switchgrass parameters (potential leaf area index (DMLA) and degree days to maturity (PHU)) for northern sites and populations and to validate the model against switchgrass data from diverse sites in this region. Three or 4 years of measured yield data were used from a ten field sites in North Dakota (ND), South Dakota (SD), and Nebraska (NE). ALMANAC realistically simulated mean annual switchgrass yields ranging from means of 4.75 to 9.13 Mg ha(-1). Mean simulated yields were within 3%, 15%, and 9% of mean measured yields for NE, SD, and ND, respectively. Sensitivity analysis with temperature and rainfall demonstrated variable responses of potential yields depending on whether season duration, soil water, or soil nitrogen was the limiting factor at a site. ALMANAC shows promise as a useful tool for switchgrass evaluation and management in the northern Great Plains and in similar latitudes with low rainfall such as the East European Plain. C1 [Kiniry, J. R.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Schmer, M. R.; Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM Jim.Kiniry@ars.usda.gov RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9024-8 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12CC UT WOS:000207576300010 ER PT J AU Turley, RB AF Turley, R. B. TI Expression of a phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase-like protein in the ovules of Gossypium hirsutum SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE cotton; fiber; ovule development; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; polymerase chain reaction ID DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; COTTON; TISSUES; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATTERNS; ESTS; L. AB Two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in wild-type (DP 5690) and fiberless (SL 1-7-1) cotton ovules. One protein, designated V2 was unique to ovules of the fiber producing DP 5690 line. The protein was purified from 2D-PAGE of 4 d post anthesis DP 5690 ovules and partially sequenced. The short amino acid sequence was nearly identical to the deduced amino acid sequence for cotton phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER) protein. A consensus sequence was assembled from ESTs encoding cotton PCBER genes, primers were designed, and a full length gene was amplified from plasmid DNA from a 72 h etiolated cotton cotyledon library. The polymerase chain reaction generated a 950 bp product with unique EcoRI (5') and (3') KpnI restriction sites for directional insertion into the expression vector pPICZA. Nucleotide sequencing was performed, and the full length coding region was 924 bp encoding a protein of 308 amino acids. The molecular mass and pI measured (2D PAGE) were similar to the theoretical protein. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rick.turley@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 759 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s10535-008-0147-8 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 370PH UT WOS:000260773600027 ER PT J AU Muths, E Pilliod, DS Livo, LJ AF Muths, Erin Pilliod, David S. Livo, Lauren J. TI Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA (vol 141, pg 1484, 2008) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Muths, Erin] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Livo, Lauren J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM muthse@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 12 BP 3170 EP 3170 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.012 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381ZR UT WOS:000261574900023 ER PT J AU Caldera, EJ Ross, KG DeHeer, CJ Shoemaker, DD AF Caldera, Eric J. Ross, Kenneth G. DeHeer, Christopher J. Shoemaker, D. DeWayne TI Putative native source of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta in the USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Review DE Allozymes; Fire ant; Genetic structure; Invasive species; Microsatellites; mtDNA; Native source population; Solenopsis invicta ID FLY PSEUDACTEON-CURVATUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; 2 SOCIAL FORMS; DECAPITATING FLY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HOST-SPECIFICITY AB The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of newly introduced invasive species can best be understood by identifying the source population(s) from which they originated, as many species vary behaviorally, morphologically, and genetically across their native landscapes. We attempt to identify the source(s) of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in the southern USA utilizing data from three classes of genetic markers (allozymes, microsatellites, and mitochondrial DNA sequences) and employing Bayesian clustering simulations, assignment and exclusion tests, and phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. We conclude that the Mesopotamia flood plain near Formosa, Argentina represents the most probable source region for introduced S. invicta among the 10 localities sampled across the native South American range. This result confirms previous suspicions that the source population resides in northern Argentina, while adding further doubts to earlier claims that the Pantanal region of Brazil is the source area. Several lines of evidence suggest that S. invicta in the southern USA is derived from a single location rather than being the product of multiple invasions from widely separated source localities. Although finer-scale sampling of northern Argentina and Paraguay combined with the use of additional genetic markers will be necessary to provide a highly precise source population assignment, our current results are of immediate use in directing future sampling and focusing ongoing biological control efforts. C1 [Shoemaker, D. DeWayne] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Caldera, Eric J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Caldera, Eric J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ross, Kenneth G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [DeHeer, Christopher J.] LI COR Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. RP Shoemaker, DD (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dewayne.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 110 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1457 EP 1479 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9219-0 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZT UT WOS:000260306700025 ER PT J AU Lemus, R Brummer, EC Burras, CL Moore, KJ Barker, MF Molstad, NE AF Lemus, Roque Brummer, E. Charles Burras, C. Lee Moore, Kenneth J. Barker, Michael F. Molstad, Neil E. TI Effects of nitrogen fertilization on biomass yield and quality in large fields of established switchgrass in southern Iowa, USA SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Nitrogen fertilization; Biomass; Yield; Biofuel quality ID GRAIN-YIELD; BIOENERGY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a potential biofuel crop in the midwestern United States. The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of nitrogen application on biomass dry matter yield and fiber and mineral concentrations in large field plots in Lucas and Wayne counties in southern Iowa. Two established switchgrass fields with a previous history of limited management were evaluated from 1998 through 2002. Nitrogen was applied in the spring at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha(-1), and a single biomass harvest was made in autumn. Biomass production averaged across locations and N levels increased by 3.6 mg ha(-1) between 1998 and 2002 to 6.5 mg ha(-1). Nitrogen improved yields, with the response declining as N levels increased. The highest yield throughout the experiment was 8.5 mg ha(-1) at the Lucas location in 2002. Changes in fiber and mineral concentrations did not follow any trend over years but were likely due to differences in harvest date among years. Nitrogen fertilization had no meaningful effect on the quality of the biofuel produced. This study clearly shows that nitrogen application and proper agronomic management can substantially increase the yield of established switchgrass fields over time without affecting the quality of the feedstock. As this experiment was conducted in large plots using commercial farm machinery, the results should be broadly applicable to real world situations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brummer, E. Charles] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lemus, Roque] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Commerce, TX 75429 USA. [Burras, C. Lee; Moore, Kenneth J.; Barker, Michael F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Molstad, Neil E.] USDA, NRCS Hawaii Resource Off, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Brummer, EC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brummer@uga.edu FU Department of Energy's Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [90X-SY510V]; Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa FX This research was funded by the Department of Energy's Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract 90X-SY510V with Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. The authors would like to thank Mark Downing and Sandy McLaughlin at ORNL, Mark Smith on the ISU breeding program and John Sellers, Marty Braster, and Jim Cooper at the Chariton Valley RC&D for their assistance with this project. Thanks also to Trish Patrick who helped with the biomass quality analysis. NR 20 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.02.016 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 386SU UT WOS:000261903700013 ER PT J AU Rashid, U Anwar, F Moser, BR Ashraf, S AF Rashid, Umer Anwar, Farooq Moser, Bryan R. Ashraf, Samia TI Production of sunflower oil methyl esters by optimized alkali-catalyzed methanolysis SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Alkali catalysts; Biodiesel; Helianthus annuus; Methanolysis; Optimization; Sunflower oil; Transesterification ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; TRANSESTERIFICATION; FUEL AB We report the optimization of sunflower oil methyl esters (SOME/biodiesel) production via alkaline catalyzed transesterification of crude sunflower oil and subsequent physical and chemical characterization. The optimum conditions elucidated for the methanolysis of sunflower oil were found to be: methanol/sunflower oil molar ratio, 6:1; reaction temperature, 60 C; and NaOH catalyst concentration, 1.00% (w/w). An optimum SOME yield of 97.1% was achieved. SOME were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). A number of fuel properties of SOME as measured according to accepted methods were found to satisfy nearly all prescribed ASTM D 6751 specifications, where applicable. The results of the present study indicated that SOME could be a potential alternative to other common biodiesels and petrodiesel. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rashid, Umer; Anwar, Farooq; Ashraf, Samia] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. [Moser, Bryan R.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Anwar, F (reprint author), Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. EM umer.rashid@yahoo.com; fqanwar@yahoo.com; Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov; samia682@hotmail.com RI Anwar, Farooq/H-6639-2015; Rashid, Umer/C-9986-2011 OI Rashid, Umer/0000-0001-6224-413X NR 15 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1202 EP 1205 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.001 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 386SU UT WOS:000261903700015 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Saha, BC Hector, RE Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, Nasib Saha, Badal C. Hector, Ronald E. Cotta, Michael A. TI Removal of fermentation inhibitors from alkaline peroxide pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat straw: Production of butanol from hydrolysate using Clostridium beijerinckii in batch reactors SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Butanol; Clostridium beijerinckii P260; Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE); Wheat straw; Alkaline peroxide pretreatment; Fermentation ID SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; PART I; ACETOBUTYLICUM; RECOVERY; ACETONE; PERVAPORATION; MEMBRANE; BA101 AB In these studies, alkaline peroxide pretreatment of wheat straw was investigated. Pretreated wheat straw was hydrolyzed using cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, and the hydrolysate was used to produce butanol using Clostridium beijerinckii P260. The culture produced less than 2.59gL(-1) acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from alkaline peroxide wheat straw hydrolysate (APWSH) that had not been treated to reduce salt concentration (a neutralization product). However, fermentation was successful after inhibitors (salts) were removed from the hydrolysate by electrodialysis. A control glucose fermentation resulted in the production of 21.37gL(-1) ABE, while salt removed APWSH resulted in the production of 22.17gL(-1) ABE. in the two fermentations, reactor productivities were 0.30 and 0.55gL(-1)h(-1), respectively. A comparison of use of different substrates (corn fiber, wheat straw) and different pretreatment techniques (dilute sulfuric acid, alkaline peroxide) suggests that generation of inhibitors is substrate and pretreatment specific. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Qureshi, Nasib; Saha, Badal C.; Hector, Ronald E.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 16 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1353 EP 1358 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.04.009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 386SU UT WOS:000261903700032 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Krueger, NA Stanton, TB Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Jung, YS Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, Robin C. Krueger, Nathan A. Stanton, Thaddeus B. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Thomas S. Harvey, Roger B. Jung, Yong Soo Nisbet, David J. TI Effects of select nitrocompounds on in vitro ruminal fermentation during conditions of limiting or excess added reductant SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formate dehydrogenase/formate; hydrogen lyase; Hydrogenase; Methane production; Rumen ID RUMEN MICROORGANISMS INVITRO; METHANE PRODUCTION; AMINO-ACIDS; METHANOCOCCUS-THERMOLITHOTROPHICUS; METABOLIZING BACTERIUM; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; ORAL NITROETHANE; FORMATE; IDENTIFICATION AB Ruminal methane (CH4) production results in the loss of up to 12% of gross energy intake and contributes nearly 20% of the United States' annual emission of this greenhouse gas. We report the effects of select nitrocompounds on ruminal fermentation after 22 h in vitro incubation (39 degrees C) with or without additions of hydrogen (H-2), formate or both. In incubations ontaining no added reductant, CH4 production was inhibited 41% by 2-nitro-1-propanol (2NPOH) and >97% by 3-nitro-1-propionic acid (3NPA), nitroethane (NE) and 2-nitroethanol (2NEOH) compared to non-treated controls and H-2 did not accumulate. With formate as the sole added reductant, nitro-treatment reduced CH4 production by >99% and caused 42% to complete inhibition of formate catabolism compared to controls, and the accumulation of H-2 increased slightly. Nitro-treatment decreased CH4 production 57-98% from that of controls when supplied H-2 or formate plus H-2. Formate catabolism was decreased 42-84% from that in controls by all nitro-treatments except 3NPA with both formate and H-2. Greater than 97% of the added H-2 was catabolized within controls; >84% was catabolized in nitro-treated incubations. Acetate, propionate and butyrate accumulations were unaffected by nitro-treatment irregardless of reductant: however, effects on ammonia and branched chain fatty acid accumulations varied. These results suggest that nitro-treatment inhibited formate dehydrogenase/formate hydrogen lyase and hydrogenase activity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Robin C.; Krueger, Nathan A.; Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Thomas S.; Harvey, Roger B.; Jung, Yong Soo; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Stanton, Thaddeus B.] ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 99 IS 18 BP 8655 EP 8661 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.064 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 358AN UT WOS:000259888700019 PM 18538564 ER PT J AU Opperman, JJ Meleason, M Francis, RA Davies-Colley, R AF Opperman, Jeffrey J. Meleason, Mark Francis, Robert A. Davies-Colley, Rob TI "Livewood": Geomorphic and Ecological Functions of Living Trees in River Channels SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE large wood; stream ecology; channel morphology; riparian forest; forest-stream interactions ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; GRAVEL-BED RIVER; TAGLIAMENTO RIVER; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; ORGANIC DEBRIS; ACTIVE ZONE; CLEAR-CUT; STREAMS; HABITAT AB Although the geomorphic and ecological importance of large wood in streams and rivers is well recognized, most studies consider only dead wood in channels. However we have observed that living parts of trees are often found within active channels and that this "livewood" shares functions with both instream dead wood and live riparian trees, while also providing some functions unique to living woody material within a channel. We describe the mechanisms that produce livewood and illustrate its characteristics and influences on riparian and stream ecosystems with examples from Europe; North America, and New Zealand. We hypothesize that, compared with dead wood in channels, livewood (a) persists longer because of greater stability and greater resistance to decay, and (b) imparts greater structural complexity (with, associated hydraulic roughness and retentiveness). The Phenomenon of livewood implies that a broader range of tree species and sizes than previously considered may contribute functionally important wood to channels. We encourage the study of livewood in a range of forest-stream ecosystems to test our hypotheses and further our understanding of how forests interact with rivers and streams. C1 [Opperman, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meleason, Mark] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Francis, Robert A.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England. [Davies-Colley, Rob] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Opperman, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jopperman@tnc.org OI Francis, Robert/0000-0002-4598-0861 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1069 EP 1078 DI 10.1641/B581110 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 384CA UT WOS:000261720200010 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Rosentrater, KA Muthukurnarappan, K AF Ganesan, V. Rosentrater, K. A. Muthukurnarappan, K. TI Flowability and handling characteristics of bulk solids and powders - a review with implications for DDGS SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID COHESIVE PARTICULATE SOLIDS; FLOW PROPERTY MEASUREMENT; ANTI-CAKING AGENTS; FOOD POWDERS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ELEMENT SIMULATION; STORAGE-CONDITIONS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY AB Much research regarding handling and storage characteristics of bulk solids has been conducted over the years. Physical properties of granular solids play a significant role in their resulting storage and flow behaviour, and are therefore essential to design appropriate, efficient, and economic bulk solids handling and storage equipment and structures. Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is a bulk material that has been widely used as a protein source for ruminants and non-ruminants for more than two decades. Distillers grains are energy and nutrient dense, and are often used as a replacement for corn in animal diets. With the exponential growth of the fuel ethanol industry in the last few years, large quantities of distiller's grains are now being produced. To effectively utilize these feeds in domestic and international markets, however, these co-product streams are increasingly being transported greater distances, and must be stored until final use. DDGS flow is problematic as it often becomes restricted by caking and bridging which occurs during transportation and storage. This issue probably results from a number of factors, including storage moisture, temperature, relative humidity, particle size, time, or temperature variations, to name a few. The objective of this study was to review the primary factors affecting flowability, handling, and storage of granular solids and powders, as well as appropriate testing methodologies for these materials. Considering these will be helpful when examining granular flowability and storage challenges for byproduct feeds, including those surrounding the use of DDGS. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ganesan, V.; Muthukurnarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experimental Station (AES); SDSU; USDA-ARS FX The authors express their appreciation to the Agricultural Experimental Station (AES), SDSU, and the USDA-ARS for supporting this research. NR 100 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.09.008 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386UF UT WOS:000261907400006 ER PT J AU Trusty, JL Lockaby, BG Zipperer, WC Goertzen, LR AF Trusty, Jennifer L. Lockaby, B. Graeme Zipperer, Wayne C. Goertzen, Leslie R. TI Horticulture, hybrid cultivars and exotic plant invasion: a case study of Wisteria (Fabaceae) SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; hybridization; naturalization; plant breeding; urban ecosystems; Wisteria floribunda; Wisteria sinensis ID UNITED-STATES; DELIBERATE INTRODUCTIONS; DNA; INHERITANCE; SEQUENCE; IDENTITY; GENE AB Exotic Wisteria species are highly favoured for their horticultural qualities and have been cultivated in North America since the early 1800s. This study determines the identity, genetic diversity and hybrid status of 25 Asian Wisteria cultivars using plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Fifteen (60%) hybrid cultivars were identified. All of the 'Wisteria sinensis' cultivars sampled are hybrids with W. floribunda. Although W. sinensis and W. floribunda are recognized invasive species in the southeastern USA, the relationships of horticultural cultivars to naturalized plants was previously unknown. Haplotype analysis of nuclear data identifies four haplotypes shared between cultivated stock and naturalized populations in the southeastern USA. In addition, US invasive haplotypes are present in New Zealand-derived cultivars although, to date, naturalized Wisteria has not been documented in New Zealand. Finally, these data are used to make recommendations to horticulturalists of select species cultivars which may be less likely to invade US landscapes. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 593-601. C1 [Trusty, Jennifer L.; Lockaby, B. Graeme] Auburn Univ, Ctr Forest Sustainabil, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zipperer, Wayne C.] Forest Serv, So Ctr Wildland Urban Interface Res & Informat, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Goertzen, Leslie R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Trusty, JL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Ctr Forest Sustainabil, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jtrusty@auburn.edu FU AU School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; USDA Forest Service, Gainesville Research Unit [4951] FX We would like to thank Mr Scott Lathrop and Dr Peter Valder for their generosity in providing the cultivated Wisteria samples used in this study; in addition, Dr Valder's extensive knowledge of Wisteria horticulture greatly helped in the preparation of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Center for Forest Sustainability through the AU School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and the USDA Forest Service, Gainesville Research Unit 4951. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 158 IS 4 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00908.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 384ZG UT WOS:000261782100003 ER PT J AU Ganguli, AC Engle, DM Mayer, PM Hellgren, EC AF Ganguli, Amy C. Engle, David M. Mayer, Paul M. Hellgren, Eric C. TI Plant community diversity and composition provide little resistance to Juniperus encroachment SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE eastern redcedar; H '; seedlings; species richness; woody plant expansion ID RED CEDAR JUNIPERUS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; EASTERN REDCEDAR; DETERMINES INVASIBILITY; VIRGINIANA FOREST; BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; TREE INVASION; SMALL MAMMALS; GRASSLAND AB Widespread encroachment of the fire-intolerant species Juniperus virginiana L. into North American grasslands and savannahs where fire has largely been removed has prompted the need to identify mechanisms driving J. virginiana encroachment. We tested whether encroachment success of. J. virginiana is related to plant species diversity and composition across three plant Communities. We predicted J. virginiana encroachment success would (i) decrease with increasing diversity, and (ii) J. virginiana encroachment success Would be unrelated to species composition. We simulated encroachment by planting J. virginiana seedlings in tallgrass prairie, old-field grassland, and upland oak forest. We used J. virginiana survival and growth as an index of encroachment success and evaluated success as a function of plant community traits (i.e., species richness, species diversity, and species composition). Our results indicated that J. virginiana encroachment success increased with increasing plant richness and diversity. Moreover, growth and survival of J. virginiana seedlings was associated with plant species composition only in the old-field grassland and upland oak forest. These results suggest that greater plant species richness and diversity provide little resistance to J. virginiana encroachment, and the results suggest resource availability and other biotic or abiotic factors are determinants of J. virginiana encroachment success. C1 [Ganguli, Amy C.; Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ganguli, Amy C.; Engle, David M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Hellgren, Eric C.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ganguli, AC (reprint author), 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM amyganguli@gmail.com RI Ganguli, Amy/J-3342-2014; OI Ganguli, Amy/0000-0003-3960-1404; Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Acrency) [DW-14-93900001-1]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Acrency) through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under an interagency agreement (DW-14-93900001-1) with the Biological Resources Division of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), administered by the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit located at Oklahoma State University [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating]. The research described here has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA or USGS, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station also provided support to the first two authors. This article is published with the approval of the director, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank D.M. Leslie, Jr. and V.J. Horncastle for their contributions and the many field assistants who contributed to this work. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD DEC PY 2008 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1416 EP 1426 DI 10.1139/B08-110 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398FS UT WOS:000262718600006 ER PT J AU Glavich, DA Geiser, LH AF Glavich, Doug A. Geiser, Linda H. TI Potential approaches to developing lichen-based critical loads and levels for nitrogen, sulfur and metal-containing atmospheric pollutants in North America SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; ammonium; nitrate; sulfate; IMPROVE; NADP; bioindicator; Pacific Northwest; Platismatia ID EPIPHYTIC MACROLICHEN COMMUNITIES; AIR-POLLUTION; XANTHORIA-PARIETINA; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS; SO2; FORESTS AB "Critical load'' and "critical level'' ( the deposition or concentration, respectively, of atmospheric pollutants above which negative ecosystem effects occur) concepts are reviewed for the North American lichenological community with the objective of stimulating interest and participation in this emerging field of research. We focus on how regional, lichen-based critical loads for nitrogen-, sulfur- and metal-containing pollutants could be developed for various terrestrial ecosystems in the U. S. utilizing existing data. Specifically we provide examples of how lichen community and element concentration responses to air pollution can be linked with measured or modeled estimates of depositional air pollutants. Preliminary critical loads of 0.26-0.33 kg ha 21 yr(-1) for deposition of inorganic N in fine particulates and critical levels of 0.044-0.055 mg L(-1) for wet deposition of ammonium ions are suggested for coniferous forests of western Oregon and Washington. These correspond to initial declines in presence and abundance of sensitive species and a % N concentration of 0.55-0.61 in Platismatia glauca. Indicator species distribution and abundance as well as physiological, morphological, growth or reproduction responses can also be used to set critical loads. Further research needs are identified. C1 [Glavich, Doug A.; Geiser, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg Air Resource Management Program, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Glavich, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg Air Resource Management Program, POB 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM dglavich@fs.fed.us; lgeiser@fs.fed.us FU National Park Service Air Resources Division; U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Air Resource Management Program FX The authors are grateful for the assistance and advice of Tamara Blett, Jim Bennett, Tom Nash and an anonymous reviewer. Funding was provided by the National Park Service Air Resources Division and the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Air Resource Management Program. NR 83 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOC INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC-TRES, ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD DEC PY 2008 VL 111 IS 4 BP 638 EP 649 DI 10.1639/0007-2745-111.4.638 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 390KQ UT WOS:000262163100006 ER PT J AU Nelson, JL Ruffner, CM Groninger, JW Souter, RA AF Nelson, John L. Ruffner, Charles M. Groninger, John W. Souter, Ray A. TI Drainage and agriculture impacts on fire frequency in a southern Illinois forested bottomland SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH; HARDWOOD FOREST; OAK FORESTS; HISTORY; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; REGIME; MODEL; AREA; OHIO AB Postsettlement (1909-2003) fire history of a forested bottomland in the Mississippi Embayment of southern Illinois, USA, was determined using fire-scar analysis. The study area is a forested bottomland hardwood site, with remnant pockets of the dominant presettlement bald cypress-tupelo (Taxodium-Nyssa) vegetation. Ditch drainage was installed in 1919, with agricultural clearing and abandonment varying throughout the early and mid-twentieth century. Commercial agricultural activities ceased after the site became part of a conservation area ca. 1950. The hydrology of the site was further modified in 1957 when it was inundated for waterfowl management. Both drainage and land clearing for agriculture were associated with increased fire frequency. Although drainage was a necessary precursor to agriculture across much of this landscape, land improvement played the stronger role in determining fire frequency. The mean fire interval for the study period (1895-1965) was 1.73 years, with a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 15 years. This frequency contrasts with the complete fire exclusion that has prevailed in the area since 1965. These results have important implications for the maintenance and restoration of forested wetland ecosystems where the present fire regime differs dramatically from that under which the now-dominant forest vegetation developed. C1 [Nelson, John L.; Ruffner, Charles M.; Groninger, John W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Souter, Ray A.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ruffner, CM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pinecrest, CA 95364 USA. EM ruffner@siu.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2932 EP 2941 DI 10.1139/X08-129 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386UY UT WOS:000261909300002 ER PT J AU Maloney, PE Smith, TF Jensen, CE Innes, J Rizzo, DM North, MP AF Maloney, Patricia E. Smith, Thomas F. Jensen, Camille E. Innes, Jim Rizzo, David M. North, Malcolm P. TI Initial tree mortality and insect and pathogen response to fire and thinning restoration treatments in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE; ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN; SEASON AB Fire and thinning restoration treatments in fire-suppressed forests often damage or stress leave trees, altering pathogen and insect affects. We compared types of insect-and pathogen-mediated mortality on mixed-conifer trees 3 years after treatment. The number of bark beetle attacked trees was greater in burn treatments compared with no-burn treatments, and in some cases, larger pine trees were preferentially attacked. Restoration treatments are not expected to change the trajectory of spread and intensification of dwarf mistletoe. Thinning treatments may have provided a sanitation effect in which large leave trees have lower levels of dwarf mistletoe. Although thinning treatments are known to exacerbate root disease, < 12% of cut stumps were infected with root pathogens (Armillaria gallica and Heterobasidion annosum). Treatments increased Ribes (alternate host for white pine blister rust) frequency and abundance, which may have very localized impacts on white pine blister rust dynamics. In some instances, fire, insects, and pathogens appear to conflict with forest restoration goals by reducing the percentage of pine and producing proportionally higher rates of tree mortality in large-diameter size classes. To better understand the long-term effects of restoration treatments on pathogens and insects, continued monitoring over the course of varying climatic conditions will be needed. C1 [Maloney, Patricia E.; Jensen, Camille E.; Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, Thomas F.] Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Innes, Jim; North, Malcolm P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Maloney, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pemaloney@ucdavis.edu FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank S. Lynch, S. Murphy, and T. Burt for field assistance, M. Fairweather and B. Geils for FVS initiation, and A. Gray for white fir recruitment data. We appreciate the critical comments made on the manuscript by E. E. Knapp and H. D. Safford. This research was funded by the Sierra Nevada Research Center of the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 12 BP 3011 EP 3020 DI 10.1139/X08-141 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386UY UT WOS:000261909300010 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, TB AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Timothy B. TI Belowground competition influences growth of natural regeneration in thinned Douglas-fir stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OREGON WHITE OAK; WESTERN HEMLOCK; ROOT COMPETITION; MORPHOLOGICAL ACCLIMATION; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Using a factorial combination of understory removal and trenching treatments, we examined the influences of belowground competition from understory and overstory vegetation on growth of naturally established Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) saplings in thinned stands of Douglas-fir on moderately productive, glacially derived soils near Tacoma, Washington. Under limited light (26% +/- 16% of full sun), sapling height and diameter growth were significantly reduced by belowground competition from overstory trees. Regardless of presence or absence of belowground competition from trees, understory vegetation did not have a detectable effect on sapling growth. Nitrogen deficiency in saplings was not detected in the presence of belowground competition: where tree roots were excluded, foliar nitrogen concentration and content increased without an increase in foliar mass. Belowground competition from overstory trees had a greater negative effect on growing season soil water content than did understory vegetation. Under the conditions of restricted light availability in this study, limitations in soil water content from competition had a strong growth-limiting effect on Douglas-fir regeneration. As potential canopy trees in a future uneven-aged stand, this sapling cohort would benefit from root gaps created during harvests. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us FU Fort Lewis Forestry Program FX We thank the Fort Lewis Forestry Program for providing financial and logistical support for this project, particularly Jeffrey Foster and Allan Derickson. We thank members of the Silviculture and Forest Models Team for their assistance with field and office work, and we thank Andrew Gray, Nathan Poage, and Jeffrey Foster for reviewing the manuscript. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 12 BP 3085 EP 3097 DI 10.1139/X08-150 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386UY UT WOS:000261909300016 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ McCormick, SP Blackburn, JA AF Alexander, Nancy J. McCormick, Susan P. Blackburn, Judith A. TI Effects of xanthotoxin treatment on trichothecene production in Fusarium sporotrichioides SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycotoxin; qRT-PCR; P450; trichodiene; furanocoumarin ID CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; REDUCED VIRULENCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENCODES; GENE; 8-METHOXYPSORALEN; HYDROXYLATION; ACCUMULATION; DISRUPTION AB There are 4 P450 oxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of T-2 toxin in Fusarium sporotrichioides. Exactly how these enzymes react to antimicrobial plant defense compounds is unknown. Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) is a phototoxic furanocoumarin that acts as it P450 oxygenase inhibitor. The current Study shows that the addition of concentrations of 1.0 mmol/L or less of xanthotoxin to liquid Cultures of F. sporotrichioides NRRL3299 call effectively block T-2 toxin production and cause an increase in accumulation of trichodiene, the hydrocarbon precursor of trichothecenes. The addition of xanthotoxin to liquid cultures of it trichodiene-accumulating F. sporotrichioides TRI4(-) mutant caused a 3- to 10-fold increase in trichodiene accumulation, suggesting that xanthotoxin not only blocks trichothecene oxygenation reactions, but may in some way also promote the synthesis of trichodiene. Feeding Studies showed that 2 of the 4 P450 oxygenases, TRI4 and TRI1, were more sensitive to xanthotoxin, while oxygenases TRI11 and TRI13 were unaffected. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR indicated that several of the genes in the toxin biosynthetic pathway were upregulated by xanthotoxin, with Tri4 showing the highest increase in expression. These results indicate that while xanthotoxin inhibits specific P450 oxygenase activity, it also has an effect on gene expression. C1 [Alexander, Nancy J.; McCormick, Susan P.; Blackburn, Judith A.] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Alexander, NJ (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nancy.Alexander@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1139/W08-100 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 403EP UT WOS:000263066200006 PM 19096457 ER PT J AU Kopf, PG Huwe, JK Walker, MK AF Kopf, Phillip G. Huwe, Janice K. Walker, Mary K. TI Hypertension, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Impaired Vascular Relaxation Induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin are Associated with Increased Superoxide SO CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Cardiac hypertrophy; Endothelial dysfunction; Hypertension; Superoxide; TCDD ID SILENT CEREBROVASCULAR DAMAGE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BRAIN-TISSUES; CIRCULATION FAILURE; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AB The mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases the incidence of human cardiovascular disease are not known. We investigated the degree to which cardiovascular disease develops in mice following subchronic TCDD exposure. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were dosed with vehicle or 300 ng TCDD/kg by oral gavage three times per week for 60 days. Blood pressure was recorded by radiotelemetry and aortic endothelial function was assessed by acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. Mean arterial pressure of TCDD-exposed mice was increased significantly by day 4 and between days 7-10, 25-35, and 45-60 with two periods of normalization on days 11-24 and days 36-39. Consistent with a prolonged period of systemic hypertension, heart weight was increased and was associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Significant increases in superoxide production also were observed in the kidney, heart, and aorta of TCDD-exposed mice. Furthermore, increased aortic superoxide resulted in endothelial dysfunction as demonstrated by significant impairment of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in TCDD-exposed mice, which was restored by tempol, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic. Our model is the first to definitely demonstrate that sustained AhR activation by TCDD increases blood pressure and induces cardiac hypertrophy, which may be mediated, in part, by increased superoxide. C1 [Kopf, Phillip G.; Walker, Mary K.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Huwe, Janice K.] USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Agr Res Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Walker, Mary K.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Walker, MK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr, MSC09 5360,2502 Marble NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM pkopf@salud.unm.edu; Janice.Huwe@ars.usda.gov; mwalker@salud.unm.edu FU National Institute of Health [ES12335, HL078914, ES12072, 5T32HL007736] FX Funding National Institute of Health (ES12335 and HL078914 to MKW, ES12072 to UNM, 5T32HL007736 to UNM). Phillip Kopf is recognized as an American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education Pre-Doctoral Fellow. The authors thank Drs. Nancy L. Kanagy and Matthew J. Campen for their valuable assistance. NR 55 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1530-7905 J9 CARDIOVASC TOXICOL JI Cardiovasc. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s12012-008-9027-x PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Toxicology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Toxicology GA 368IZ UT WOS:000260616100004 PM 18850075 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Erbilgin, N Seybold, SJ AF Zhang, Qing-He Erbilgin, Nadir Seybold, Steven J. TI GC-EAD responses to semiochemicals by eight beetles in the subcortical community associated with Monterey pine trees in coastal California: similarities and disparities across three trophic levels SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia beetle; bark beetle; chemical ecology; Cleridae; Coleoptera; Colydiidae; Dend- roctonus valens; electrophysiology; Enoclerus sphegeus; host selection; Ips mexicanus; Ips plastographus maritimus; kairomone; Lasconotus tuberculatus; monoterpenes; pheromone; Pinus radiata; Scolytidae; subcortical insects ID DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; IPS-PINI; OLFACTORY RECOGNITION; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ANTENNAL RESPONSES; ANGIOSPERM TREES; HOST VOLATILES; SAY COLEOPTERA; NONHOST LEAF AB Antennae of six sympatric bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytidae), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff, Ips mexicanus (Hopkins), Ips plastographus maritimus Lanier, and Pseudohylesinus sericeus (Mannerheim), and two scolytid predators, Enoclerus sphegeus (F.) (Cleridae) and Lascontonus tuberculatus Kraus (Colydiidae), were analyzed by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) for their responses to synthetic Ips spp. pheromone components, and host and nonhost volatiles. The beetles emerged from cut logs of pitch canker-infected Monterey pine trees, Pinus radiata D. Don. There were significant disparities in EAD response patterns to the hemiterpene and monoterpene alcohol pheromone components that are typically produced by Ips spp. Antennae of I. p. maritimus responded strongly to (+/-)-ipsdienol, (+/-)-ipsenol, amitinol, and lanierone; antennae of I. mexicanus responded strongly to (1S,2S)-(-)-cis-verbenol, with weaker responses to (+/-)-ipsdienol, (+/-)-ipsenol, and amitinol; antennae of H. tenuis responded to (1S, 2R)-(-)-trans-ver-benol, with less pronounced responses to (-)-cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol; and antennae of D. valens, G. retusus, and P. sericeus generally responded to all Ips spp. pheromone components except 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (D. valens and G. retusus) and E-myrcenol (G. retusus and P. sericeus). Ips mexicanus responded only to the (-)-enantiomers of ipsenol and ipsdienol, whereas I. p. maritimus responded to (-)-ipsenol, but to both the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of ipsdienol. The antennae of the two predaceous insects (E. sphegeus and L. tuberculatus) responded to a range of the Ips spp. pheromone components. Host monoterpenes elicited no antennal responses from E. sphegeus, G. retusus, H. tenuis, and I. mexicanus, but several monoterpenes elicited various levels of responses from D. valens and I. p. maritimus antennae. Interestingly, antennae of female D. valens responded to (-), but not (+)-limonene. alpha- and beta-Pinene elicited weak responses from L. tuberculatus antennae. EAD responses to selected nonhost volatiles were almost identical among the six scolytid species, with trans-conophthorin eliciting the strongest response in most cases, followed by three C(6)- alcohols and two C(8)-alcohols. The antennal responses by most of these species to linalool or geranylacetone were very weak; (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and benzyl alcohol elicited almost no response. The response pattern of P. sericeus to nonhost volatiles differed slightly from the rest of the scolytids: a strong response to linalool, weaker response to the C(8)-alcohols. The two predaceous Coleoptera generally had weak, but detectable, responses to nonhost volatiles, except for a relatively strong response to trans-conophthorin by L. tuberculatus. No notable differences in EAD responses were observed between males and females of the two Ips spp. Our results provide an electrophysiological baseline for future efforts to identify attractive and repellent semiochemicals (aggregation pheromones, host kairomones, or nonhost interruptants) for this guild of scolytids and their key predators that are associated with moribund and pitch canker- infected P. radiata. C1 [Zhang, Qing-He] Sterling Int Inc, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. [Erbilgin, Nadir] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhang, QH (reprint author), Sterling Int Inc, 3808 N Sullivan Rd,Bldg 16P, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. EM qing-he@rescue.com RI Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014 OI Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s00049-008-0411-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379CV UT WOS:000261374700006 ER PT J AU Quan, B Romkens, MJM Tao, JJ Li, BC Li, CK Yu, GH Chen, QC AF Quan Bin Roemkens, M. J. M. Tao Jianjun Li Bicheng Li Chaokui Yu Guanghui Chen Qichun TI Spatial-temporal pattern and population driving force of land use change in Liupan Mountains region, southern Ningxia, China SO CHINESE GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land use; cover change (LUCC); GIS; remote sensing; Liupan Mountains region; Loess Plateau AB The Liupan Mountains is located in the southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, which forms an important dividing line between landforms and bio-geographic regions. The populated part of the Liupan Mountains region has suffered tremendous ecological damages over time due to population pressure, excessive demand and inappropriate use of agricultural land resources. In this paper, datasets of land use between 1990 and 2000 were obtained from Landsat TM imagery, and then spatial models were used to characterize landscape conditions. Also, the relationship between the population density and land use/cover change (LUCC) was analyzed. Results indicate that cropland, forestland, and urban areas have increased by 44,186ha, 9001ha and 1550ha, respectively while the grassland area has appreciably decreased by 54,025ha in the study period. The decrease in grassland was most notable. Of the grassland lost, 49.4% was converted into cropland. The largest annual land conversion rate in the study area was less than 2%. These changes are attributed to industrial and agricultural development and population growth. To improve the eco-economic conditions in the study region, population control, urbanization and development of an ecological friendly agriculture were suggested. C1 [Li Bicheng; Chen Qichun] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Soil & Water Conservat & Ecol Environm, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Li Bicheng; Chen Qichun] NW A&F Univ, Minist Educ, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Quan Bin; Tao Jianjun; Li Chaokui; Yu Guanghui] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Geospatial Informat Sci, Xiangtan 411201, Peoples R China. [Roemkens, M. J. M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Li, BC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Soil & Water Conservat & Ecol Environm, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. EM bcli@ms.iswc.ac.cn FU National Key Science and Technology Support Program of China [2006BCA01A07-2]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40671153]; Hunan Land Resource Bureau Program [2007-15]; Hunan Education Bureau Program [08C348] FX Under the auspices of the National Key Science and Technology Support Program of China (No.2006BCA01A07-2), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40671153), Hunan Land Resource Bureau Program (No.2007-15), Hunan Education Bureau Program (No.08C348) NR 21 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1002-0063 J9 CHINESE GEOGR SCI JI Chin. Geogr. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s11769-008-0323-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 376IQ UT WOS:000261177700005 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Xu, SS Cai, XW Friesen, TL Jin, Y AF Faris, Justin D. Xu, Steven S. Cai, Xiwen Friesen, Timothy L. Jin, Yue TI Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a durum wheat-Aegilops speltoides chromosome translocation conferring resistance to stem rust SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aegilops speltoides; chromosome translocation; stem rust; Ug99; wheat ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; RACE TTKS; B-GENOME; VIRULENCE; GROUP-2; GENES; LINES AB Stem rust is a serious disease of wheat that has caused historical epidemics, but it has not been a threat in recent decades in North America owing to the eradication of the alternative host and deployment of resistant cultivars. However, the recent emergence of Ug99 (or race TTKS) poses a threat to global wheat production because most currently grown wheat varieties are susceptible. In this study, we evaluated a durum wheat-Aegilops speltoides chromosome translocation line (DAS15) for reaction to Ug99 and six other races of stem rust, and used molecular and cytogenetic tools to characterize the translocation. DAS15 was resistant to all seven races of stem rust. Two durum-Ae. speltoides translocated chromosomes were detected in DAS15. One translocation involved the short arm, centromere, and a major portion of the long arm of Ae. speltoides chromosome 2S and a small terminal segment from durum chromosome arm 2BL. Thus, this translocated chromosome is designated T2BL-2SLaEuro cent 2SS. Cytogenetic mapping assigned the resistance gene(s) in DAS15 to the Ae. speltoides segment in T2BL-2SLaEuro cent 2SS. The Ae. speltoides segment in the other translocated chromosome did not harbour stem rust resistance. A comparison of DAS15 and the wheat stocks carrying the Ae. speltoides-derived resistance genes Sr32 and Sr39 indicated that stem rust resistance gene present in DAS15 is likely novel and will be useful for developing germplasm with resistance to Ug99. Efforts to reduce Ae. speltoides chromatin in T2BL-2SLaEuro cent 2SS are currently in progress. C1 [Faris, Justin D.; Xu, Steven S.; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Faris, Justin D.; Xu, Steven S.; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Cai, Xiwen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Justin.Faris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442Y22000Y033] FX The authors thank Drs Shaobin Zhong and Robert McIntosh for critical review of the manuscript. This research was support by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442Y22000Y033. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1097 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/s10577-008-1261-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 387QN UT WOS:000261966800003 PM 18855109 ER PT J AU Ziska, L Panicker, S Wojno, H AF Ziska, Lewis H. Panicker, Sini Wojno, Heidi L. TI Recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the potential impacts on growth and alkaloid production in wild poppy (Papaver setigerum DC.) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT; SECONDARY METABOLITES; PLANTS; CO2; TEMPERATURE AB In the current study, we quantified changes in the growth and alkaloid content of wild poppy, (Papaver setigerum) as a function of recent and projected changes in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO(2)]. The experimental [CO(2)] values (300, 400, 500 and 600 mu mol mol-1) correspond roughly to the concentrations that existed during the middle of the twentieth century, the current concentration, and near and long-term projections for the current century (2050 and 2090), respectively. Additional carbon dioxide resulted in significant increases in leaf area and above ground biomass for P. setigerum at all [CO(2)] relative to the 300 mu mol mol-1 baseline. Reproductively, increasing [CO(2)] from 300 to 600 mu mol mol-1 increased the number of capsules, capsule weight and latex production by 3.6, 3.0 and 3.7x, respectively, on a per plant basis. Quantification of secondary compounds (i.e. those not involved in primary metabolism) included the alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine and noscapine. The amount of all alkaloids increased significantly on a per plant basis, with the greatest relative increase occurring with recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (e.g. from 300 to 400 mu mol mol-1). Overall, these data suggest that as atmospheric [CO(2)] continues to increase, significant effects on the production of secondary plant compounds of pharmacological interest (i.e. opiates) could be expected. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Panicker, Sini; Wojno, Heidi L.] US Drug Enforcement Adm, Special Testing & Res Lab, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. RP Ziska, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9418-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372YQ UT WOS:000260938600011 ER PT J AU Hughes, V Bannantine, JP Denham, S Smith, S Garcia-Sanchez, A Sales, J Paustian, ML Mclean, K Stevenson, K AF Hughes, Valerie Bannantine, John P. Denham, Susan Smith, Stuart Garcia-Sanchez, Alfredo Sales, Jill Paustian, Michael L. Mclean, Kevin Stevenson, Karen TI Immunogenicity of Proteome-Determined Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis-Specific Proteins in Sheep with Paratuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; JOHNES-DISEASE; BOVINE-PARATUBERCULOSIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; DIAGNOSIS; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; ACCURACY; CATTLE AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes paratuberculosis, a chronic granulomatous enteritis. Detecting animals with paratuberculosis infections is difficult because the currently available tools have low sensitivity and lack specificity; these tools are prone to generating spurious positive test results caused by exposure to environmental M. avium complex organisms. To generate candidate antigens for incorporation into a specific test for paratuberculosis, subspecies-specific proteins were determined by proteomic comparison of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium. Analysis was aimed at revealing proteins only expressed (or predominant) in the protein profile of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved approximately 1,000 protein spots from each subspecies. Proteome analysis identified protein spots whose expression profile appeared markedly increased in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and 32 were identified by analysis of their tryptic peptide profile by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight analysis. Thirty of these proteins were cloned, and their recombinant proteins were expressed. Ovine paratuberculosis sera were used to assess their immunoreactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and dot blot analysis. Seventeen proteins were detected in at least one of the immunoassays, and eleven proteins were detected by ELISA with an optical density in excess of the cutoff of 0.1 in four of six sera tested. The immunoreactivity of these proteins indicates their potential as unique diagnostic antigens for the development of a specific serological detection of paratuberculosis. C1 [Hughes, Valerie; Denham, Susan; Smith, Stuart; Garcia-Sanchez, Alfredo; Mclean, Kevin; Stevenson, Karen] Moredun Res Inst, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bannantine, John P.; Paustian, Michael L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sales, Jill] Biomath & Stat Scotland, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Hughes, V (reprint author), Moredun Res Inst, Pentlands Sci Pk,Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Val.Hughes@moredun.ac.uk OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU Rural and Environmental Research and Analysis Directorate; European Union [QLK2-CT-2001-01420]; Genecom; USDA-CSREES-CAP; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX This study was funded by the Rural and Environmental Research and Analysis Directorate, the European Union (contract number QLK2-CT-2001-01420), Genecom (Concept Definition Fund), the USDA-CSREES-CAP grant (JDIP), and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service.; We thank the staff at the Moredun Research Institute, Linda May for expertise in bacteriological culture, the staff of the Moredun Proteomics Facility for MALDI-TOF analysis, Alex Lainson and Raja Yaga for preparing the Mascot database, and the staff of the Clinical Division for animal husbandry. We also thank the local farmers for providing the clinical cases of ovine paratuberculosis used in this study. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1824 EP 1833 DI 10.1128/CVI.00099-08 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 379GN UT WOS:000261384800012 PM 18845834 ER PT J AU Peterson, SC Jong, L AF Peterson, Stven C. Jong, Lei TI Effect of wheat flour pre-cooking on the composite modulus of wheat flour and carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Particle-reinforcement; Rheological properties; Wheat flour ID BLACK CO-FILLER; RUBBER COMPOSITES; ELASTOMERS AB Commercial wheat flours with two different concentrations of insoluble protein Were used as fillers to reinforce styrene-butadiene latex composites and their viscoelastic properties were examined. Both wheat flours were also cooked at 55, 70, or 95 degrees C for I h in an aqueous dispersion prior to mixing with latex in order to swell the starch present in the flour and increase its surface area. The aqueous wheat flour dispersions were then mixed with the styrene-butadiene latex to form rubber Composites using freeze-drying and compression molding methods. Viscosity measurements indicated that the surface area of the starch increased with the cook temperature, and increased Surface area was directly proportional to composite reinforcement: a 40% wheat flour-filled composite pre-cooked at 95 degrees C increased the oscillatory storage modulus by a factor of similar to 200 over the unfilled latex. The protein/starch ratio was also directly proportional to composite reinforcement: for all samples the high-protein data exhibited larger storage moduli (G') than the corresponding low-protein data. The difference in G' was enhanced directly with the concentration of filler except at a cook temperature of 95 degrees C, where the difference in G' became independent of filler concentration. Instant recovery experiments showed that Wheat flour-filled composites recovered over 90% of their initial storage modulus until cook temperature reached 95 degrees C, where there was a significant drop. Long term recovery experiments also showed a drop for the 95 degrees C cook temperature, and this is most likely due to the increasing connectivity of rigid filler domains relative to the more elastic rubber domains as starch swelling was increased. For cook temperatures below 95 degrees C, the wheat flour composites all recovered beyond their initial moduli (G'/G'(0)>1), Suggesting that although these composites were homogeneous, they were not at equilibrium and after perturbation were able to rearrange to form stronger, more equilibrated filler-filler and filler-polymer interactions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peterson, Stven C.; Jong, Lei] Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steve.Peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1909 EP 1914 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.09.017 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 386GD UT WOS:000261869400017 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, M Griffin, TS AF Hutchinson, M. Griffin, T. S. TI Evaluation of fiber content relative to other measures of compost stability SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID PLANT-GROWTH; MATURITY; HUMIFICATION; NITROGEN; MANURES; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; INDEXES; DAIRY AB Improved methods for assessing compost stability are needed. We collected thirteen separate compost samples from a single windrow over a 91 d period. Initial assessment of compost stability used standard analyses, including total C and N concentration, C:N ratio, and inorganic N concentration. Compost C and N lability were assessed by measuring CO2 evolution during a 24 hr period, and also using a commercially available compost evaluation kit which includes both CO2 and NH3 release to establish a Maturity Index. We also estimated slowly degradable C fractions in the composts using neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin methods developed for ruminant feed analysis. The relationship between stability and each compost constituent was evaluated using simple linear regression. Some widely-used parameters, like compost C:N ratio, changed very little during compost aging. Compost CO evolution showed a strong linear relationship with the compost age, with a coefficient of determination (r(2)) of 0.82. Likewise, fiber and lignin concentration increased during compost maturation as more easily available C was used by microbes (r(2) = 0.70 to 0.80). The Solvita Maturity Index was related to the compost age (r(2)=0.59), but fluctuated due to temporary changes in windrow conditions. These results indicate that microbial respiration and fiber analysis can be used to establish relative differences in compost stability. C1 [Hutchinson, M.] Univ Maine Cooperat Extens, Waldoboro, ME USA. [Griffin, T. S.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water lab, Orono, ME USA. RP Hutchinson, M (reprint author), Univ Maine Cooperat Extens, Waldoboro, ME USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 271PX UT WOS:000253802300002 ER PT J AU Douds, DD Nagahashi, G Reider, C Hepperly, PR AF Douds, David D., Jr. Nagahashi, Gerald Reider, Carolyn Hepperly, Paul R. TI Choosing a mixture ratio for the on-farm production of AM fungus inoculum in mixtures of compost and vermiculite SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PLANT-GROWTH RESPONSES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; PHOSPHATE; DIVERSITY; INTRARADICES; SPORULATION AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi are potentially important tools in sustainable agriculture due to their roles in crop nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and water relations and in stabilizing soil aggregates. Inocula of these fungi can be effectively produced on-farm in mixtures of compost and vermiculite with a suitable plant host, such as bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). Success of this method, however, depends upon utilizing the optimal compost and vermiculite mixture ratio. Experiments were conducted over two years utilizing a complete factorial design with three composts, four mixture ratios, and three AM fungi with the objective of producing regression equations to predict optimal mixture ratios using routine measures of compost nutrient analyses as independent variables. Growth of colonized P. notatum in yard clippings and dairy manure + leaf composts; which were high in N, low in P, with moderate K levels; produced more spores of AM fungi at mixture ratios of 1:2 to 1:4 [v/v compost: vermiculite] relative to higher dilutions. Dilution ratios of 1:19 and 1:49 were best for controlled microbial compost, which was high in P, low in N, and moderately high in K. Simple equations were developed which predict the optimal fraction of compost in the mixture for each of the three AM fungi studied (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Gigaspora rosea). Percent N, P, and K and N:P ratio were the significant independent variables. These equations allow a farmer to choose a mixture ratio for the on-farm propagation of AM fungi knowing only the nutrient analysis of the compost to be used. C1 [Douds, David D., Jr.; Nagahashi, Gerald] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Reider, Carolyn; Hepperly, Paul R.] Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA USA. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 271PX UT WOS:000253802300008 ER PT J AU Willers, J Jin, MZ Eksioglu, B Zusmanis, A O'Hara, C Jenkins, J AF Willers, Jeffrey Jin, Mingzhou Eksioglu, Burak Zusmanis, Andy O'Hara, Charles Jenkins, Johnie TI A post-processing step error correction algorithm for overlapping LiDAR strips from agricultural landscapes SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; Step error; Digital surface model; Agriculture; Optimization model ID LASER SCANNER DATA; TERRAIN MODELS; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS; HEIGHT; COTTON AB In the processing of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, a step error is an abrupt change in estimates of elevation between adjacent strips and must be reduced before building a digital surface model (DSM) of elevation. Existing methodologies in the literature for removing this artifact require an analyst to (1) utilize the sensor and aircraft information of the LiDAR mission, (2) isolate homologous flat surfaces within regions of overlap of adjoining LiDAR strips to estimate the mean offset, or (3) a combination of the two. In this application involving an agricultural landscape, a different methodology was required because the necessary information from the laser scanner or internal navigation system (INS) of the aircraft was unavailable and it was not possible to successfully identify homologous flat surfaces. Therefore, a post-processing, quadratic optimization model was formulated to reduce step artifacts. Using statistics obtained from the geographic overlap of the strips with a benchmark strip, it was possible to determine from the elevation values of the LiDAR point clouds two quantities: the strip variance and the total variance. Using these values and related statistics, the optimization model estimated correction constants, called decision variables, that minimized the among-group variance of the adjoining strips. When the values of these decision variables are added to the point cloud elevations of their respective LiDAR strips, the systematic step errors among adjoining strips are minimized with respect to the elevations provided by the point cloud of the benchmark strip. Decision variable values ranged between -0.087 and 0.078m. The adjusted LiDAR strip point clouds were used to build a corrected DSM of a 638.2-ha agricultural landscape at a spatial resolution of 0.5 m. The elevation range of the DSM is approximately 44-81 m HAE(height above the ellipsoid), where the higher elevations are the tops of trees. Effectiveness of the optimization model approach to reduce the step errors was evaluated by comparing the DSM before and after adjustment. Several hill-shade, gray scale image subsets, and profile plot comparisons between the before and after adjustment of the point clouds of the LiDAR strips illustrate the algorithm's performance in reducing step error effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Willers, Jeffrey; Jenkins, Johnie] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Jin, Mingzhou; Eksioglu, Burak] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Zusmanis, Andy] Integrated Solut Grp, Norcross, GA USA. [O'Hara, Charles] GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Willers, J (reprint author), POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jeffrey.willers@ars.usda.gov RI Eksioglu, Burak/A-3985-2008 OI Eksioglu, Burak/0000-0002-2999-6783 FU Advanced Spatial Technologies for Agriculture [ASTA-322-298]; USDA; ARS CRIS [6406-21610-006-00D, 6406-21610-007-00D] FX Financial support was provided by Advanced Spatial Technologies for Agriculture (ASTA-322-298) and the USDA Area-Wide Tarnished Plant Bug Management Project (thru ARS CRIS Project 6406-21610-006-00D). Additional funding was provided by the USDA-ARS Genetics and Precision Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS (ARS CRIS Project 6406-21610-007-00D). Appreciation is expressed to Dr. R.O. Bowden, Department of industrial and Systems Engineering, Mr. Ronald E. Britton, USDA-ARS, Genetics and Precision Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, Dr. D.B. Reynolds, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State, MS, and Mr. Kenneth Hood, Perthshire Farms, Gunnison, MS, for their support. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-10876 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.04.013 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 374WN UT WOS:000261074500011 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Yeater, KM AF Mahan, James R. Yeater, Kathleen M. TI Agricultural applications of a low-cost infrared thermometer SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Infrared thermometer; Canopy temperature; BIOTIC; Consumer-quality IRT irrigation scheduling ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; WATER-STRESS; TIME THRESHOLDS; IRRIGATION AB Plant canopy temperature is used in many studies of plant/environment interactions and non-contact measurement is often made with radiometric surface thermometers commonly refer-red to as infrared thermometers. Industrial-quality infrared thermocouples are widely available and often used in agricultural research. While research on canopy temperature has provided management tools for production agriculture, the high cost of the industrial-quality infrared thermocouples has limited their adoption and use in production agriculture settings. Our objective was to evaluate a low-cost consumer-quality infrared thermocouple as a component of a wireless thermal monitoring system designed for use in a production agriculture setting. The performances of industrial-quality and low-cost consumer-quality sensors were compared under controlled constant temperature and under field conditions using both grass and cotton canopies. Results demonstrate that under controlled constant-temperature the two types of infrared thermocouples were "significantly the same" at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C and "significantly not the same" at 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C. Across the temperature range tested, the consumer-quality infrared thermocouples temperature reading was closer to the thermocouple reading than the industrial-quality infrared thermocouples. A field comparison of industrial-quality and consumer-quality infrared thermocouple sensors monitoring a grass canopy and a cotton canopy indicated that the two types of sensors were similar over a 13-35 degrees C range. The measurement of temperature made with two types of sensors would not differ significantly. Based on these results we conclude that the lower-cost consumer-quality infrared thermometers are suitable for use in production agricultural applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahan, James R.] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] USDA ARS, So Plains Area Statistician, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM james.mahan@ars.usda.gov; kyeater@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.05.017 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 374WN UT WOS:000261074500018 ER PT J AU Kim, M Gilley, JE AF Kim, Minyoung Gilley, John E. TI Artificial Neural Network estimation of soil erosion and nutrient concentrations in runoff from land application areas SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Artificial Neural Network (ANN); Soil erosion; Land application; Manure runoff; Nutrient losses; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Water quality ID POULTRY LITTER; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZER; QUALITY; RAINFALL; NITROGEN; COMPOST; MANURE AB The transport of sediment and nutrients from land application areas is an environmental concern. New methods are needed for estimating soil and nutrient concentrations of runoff from cropland areas on which manure is applied. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) trained with a backpropagation (BP) algorithm were used to estimate soil erosion, dissolved P (DP) and NH(4)-N concentrations of runoff from a land application site near Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Simulation results from ANN-derived models showed that the amount of soil eroded is positively correlated with rainfall and runoff. In addition, concentrations of DP and NH(4)-N in overland flow were related to measurements of runoff, EC and pH. Coefficient of determination values (R(2)) relating predicted versus measured estimates of soil erosion, DP, and NH(4)-N were 0.62, 0.72 and 0.92, respectively. The ANN models derived from measurements of runoff, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH provided reliable estimates of DP and NH(4)-N concentrations in runoff. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, Minyoung] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Engn, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Gilley, John E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Engn, 249 Seodun Dong, Suwon 441707, South Korea. EM mykim75@rda.go.kr NR 36 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.05.021 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 374WN UT WOS:000261074500019 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR DeJonge, KC Kaleita, AL Batchelor, WD Paz, JO AF Thorp, Kelly R. DeJonge, Kendall C. Kaleita, Amy L. Batchelor, William D. Paz, Joel O. TI Methodology for the use of DSSAT models for precision agriculture decision support SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Precision farming; Crop models; Prescriptions; DSSAT; Decision support system ID INCREASING CARBON-DIOXIDE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; YIELD VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; CLIMATE; CORN; STRATEGIES; SOYBEANS AB A prototype decision support system (DSS) called Apollo was developed to assist researchers in using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop growth models to analyze precision farming datasets. Because the DSSAT models are written to simulate crop growth and development within a homogenous unit of land, the Apollo DSS has specialized functions to manage running the DSSAT models to simulate and analyze spatially variable land and management. The DSS has modules that allow the user to build model input files for spatial simulations across predefined management zones, calibrate the models to simulate historic spatial yield variability, validate the models for seasons not used for calibration, and estimate the crop response and environmental impacts of nitrogen, plant population, cultivar, and irrigation prescriptions. This paper details the functionality of Apollo, and presents the results of an example application. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaleita, Amy L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thorp, Kelly R.] ARS, USDA, Maricopa, AZ USA. [DeJonge, Kendall C.] USA, Corps Engineers, Omaha, NE USA. [Batchelor, William D.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Paz, Joel O.] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. RP Kaleita, AL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 211 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kaleita@iastate.edu RI Paz, Joel/F-7685-2010; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009; Kaleita, Amy/J-8363-2016; OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X; Kaleita, Amy/0000-0002-8906-3408; Paz, Joel/0000-0003-0193-3681 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.05.022 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 374WN UT WOS:000261074500020 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Gao, W Slusser, JR Davis, J Olson, B Janssen, S Janson, G Durham, B Tree, R Deike, R AF Wang, Xinli Gao, Wei Slusser, Jim R. Davis, John Olson, Becky Janssen, Scott Janson, George Durham, Bill Tree, Roger Deike, Rita TI USDA UV-B monitoring system: An application of centralized architecture SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE UV-B radiation; Monitoring system; USDA; Centralized architecture ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; TRENDS; RETRIEVAL; SURFACE AB In order to determine the spatial and temporal variations of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface and their effects on agriculture and environment due to the depletion of atmospheric ozone, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) UV-B monitoring system has been established to provide essential information of ground UV-B levels, along with other variables, to research communities, decision makers, and the public. This monitoring network of 39 sites was designed as a centralized system covering the U.S. domain with collaborating sites in Canada and New Zealand. Programmed data loggers and a central data server are employed to automate the work. The centralized architecture allows centrally processing the data from all sites on a 3 min basis and making daily updates available for the users. The system architecture, algorithms for data collection and data flow in the data processing procedures are presented in this article. Statistics show that the system is rather reliable with an overall data completeness of 98.14% since it began running in 1994. Main damages to the instruments are caused by the static electricity associated with severe thunderstorms, which result in a lower data completeness in summer months than in the others. The drawbacks of the centralized architecture, the possible remedies for the network failures, and our experiences with the system are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xinli; Gao, Wei; Slusser, Jim R.; Davis, John; Olson, Becky; Janssen, Scott; Janson, George; Durham, Bill; Tree, Roger; Deike, Rita] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM xwang@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU USDA CSREES [2006-34263-16926] FX This work is funded by USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program under a grant from USDA CSREES 2006-34263-16926. The detailed comments by the reviewers and the advices by the editor have improved the overall presentation of the materials and are especially appreciated. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.04.006 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 374WN UT WOS:000261074500025 ER PT J AU Pope, KL AF Pope, Karen L. TI Assessing Changes in Amphibian Population Dynamics Following Experimental Manipulations of Introduced Fish SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; lake restoration; MARK; mark-recapture; Rana cascadae; trout effects ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; NONNATIVE FISH; EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL; MARKED ANIMALS; RANA-MUSCOSA; MOUNTAIN; LAKES; DECLINES; STOCKING; RESILIENCE AB Sport-fish introductions are now recognized as an important cause of amphibian decline, but few researchers have quantified the demographic responses of amphibians to current options in fisheries management designed to minimize effects on sensitive amphibians. Demographic analyses with mark-recapture data allow researchers to assess the relative importance of survival, local recruitment, and migration to changes in population densities. I conducted a 4-year, replicated whole-lake experiment in the Klamath Mountains of northern California (U.S.A.) to quantify changes in population density, survival, population growth rate, and recruitment of the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) in response to manipulations of non-native fish populations. I compared responses of the frogs in lakes where fish were removed, in lakes in their naturally fish-free state, and in lakes where fish remained that were either stocked annually or no longer being stocked. Within 3 years of fish removals from 3 lakes, frog densities increased by a factor of 13.6. The survival of young adult frogs increased from 59% to 94%, and realized population growth and recruitment rates at the fish-removal lakes were more than twice as high as the rates for fish-free reference lakes and lakes that contained fish. Population growth in the fish-removal lakes was likely due to better on-site recruitment of frogs to later life stages rather than increased immigration. The effects on R. cascadae of suspending stocking were ambiguous and suggested no direct benefit to amphibians. With amphibians declining worldwide, these results show that active restoration can slow or reverse the decline of species affected by fish stocking within a short time frame. C1 [Pope, Karen L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pope, Karen L.] USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kpope@fs.fed.us FU CDFG, the National Science Foundation [DEB 0415505]; UC Davis Wildlife Health Center; UC Davis Ecology Block; [W-987] FX I thank all the excellent field biologists who collected the data. S. Lawler, H. Welsh, and J. Garwood provided insight and expertise throughout the project. R. Knapp, S. Lawler, T. Schoener, L. Kats, and 2 anonymous reviewers offered helpful comments to improve this paper. B. Howard provided database support. I thank the California Department of Fish and Game, especially B. Bolster, B. Aguilar, and E. Pert, for its logistical support. This research was funded by the CDFG, the National Science Foundation (grant DEB 0415505 to S. Lawler, University of California [UC] Davis), UC Water Resources Center (grant W-987 to S. Lawler), and the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center. I received additional support from UC Davis Ecology Block Grants. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1572 EP 1581 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00998.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379KS UT WOS:000261395700033 PM 18680499 ER PT J AU Peredo, EL Arroyo-Garcia, R Reed, BM Revilla, MA AF Peredo, Elena L. Arroyo-Garcia, Rosa Reed, Barbara M. Angeles Revilla, M. TI Genetic and epigenetic stability of cryopreserved and cold-stored hops (Humulus lupulus L.) SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; MSAP; RAPD; Somaclonal variation ID DNA METHYLATION; SHOOT CULTURES; RAPD MARKERS; PLANTS; STORAGE; VARIABILITY; RESOURCES; APPLE; AFLP AB Conventional cold storage and cryopreservation methods for hops (Humulus lupulus L) are available but, to our knowledge, the genetic and epigenetic stability of the recovered plants have not been tested. This study analyzed 51 accessions of hop using the molecular techniques, Random Amplified DNA Polymorphism (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), revealing no genetic variation among green house-grown controls and cold stored or cryopreserved plants. Epigenetic stability was evaluated using Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP). Over 36% of the loci were polymorphic when the cold and cryo-treated plants were compared to greenhouse plants. The main changes were demethylation events and they were common to the cryopreserved and cold stored plants indicating the possible effect of the in vitro establishment process, an essential step in both protocols. Protocol-specific methylation patterns were also detected indicating that both methods produced epigenetic changes in plants following cold storage and cryopreservation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Peredo, Elena L.; Angeles Revilla, M.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Plant Physiol, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain. [Arroyo-Garcia, Rosa] Inst Nacl Invest Agr & Alimentaria, Dept Biotechnol, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Reed, Barbara M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Peredo, EL (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Plant Physiol, Catedrat Rodrigo Uria S-N, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain. EM elperedo.uo@uniovi.es RI Lopez Peredo, Elena/N-8688-2013; OI Lopez Peredo, Elena/0000-0001-9691-4189; Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473; Revilla-Bahillo, Maria Angeles Matilde/0000-0002-1409-1674; Arroyo-Garcia, R/0000-0002-0597-1282 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology; FEDER [MCT-02-ACL-02472]; CRIS [5358-21000-03300D] FX This research was supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology and FEDER (project MCT-02-ACL-02472) and CRIS 5358-21000-03300D. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.09.002 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 383HU UT WOS:000261665500007 PM 18822279 ER PT J AU Herman, EM AF Herman, Eliot M. TI Endoplasmic reticulum bodies: solving the insoluble SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN STORAGE VACUOLE; PRECURSOR-ACCUMULATING VESICLES; MAIZE GAMMA-ZEIN; OIL BODIES; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; DEVELOPING SEEDS; BINDING PROTEIN; RNA TRANSPORT; SOYBEAN SEEDS AB Plant cells produce and accumulate insoluble triglycerides, proteins, and rubber that are assembled into inert, ER-derived organelles broadly termed as ER bodies. ER bodies appear to originate from tubular ER domains that are maintained by cytoskeletal interactions and integral ER proteins. ER bodies sequestering insoluble substances usually are transferred to the vacuole but sometimes remain as cytoplasmic organelles. Some otherwise soluble ER-synthesized proteins are converted to insoluble aggregates to produce ER bodies for transfer to the vacuole. This process constitutes an alternate secretory system to assemble and traffic transport-incompetent insoluble materials. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Herman, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM eherman@danforthcenter.org NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 672 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.08.004 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 386EV UT WOS:000261866000013 PM 18824401 ER PT J AU Murphy, MA Evans, JS Cushman, SA Storfer, A AF Murphy, Melanie A. Evans, Jeffrey S. Cushman, Samuel A. Storfer, Andrew TI Representing genetic variation as continuous surfaces: an approach for identifying spatial dependency in landscape genetic studies SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL MANTEL TESTS; POPULATION-GENETICS; AUTOCORRELATION; FLOW; INTERPOLATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CONNECTIVITY; INDIVIDUALS; SIMULATION; PATTERNS AB Landscape genetics, an emerging field integrating landscape ecology and population genetics, has great potential to influence our understanding of habitat connectivity and distribution of organisms. Whereas typical population genetics studies summarize gene flow as pairwise measures between sampling localities, landscape characteristics that influence population genetic connectivity are often continuously distributed in space. Thus, there are currently gaps in both the ability to analyze genotypic data in a continuous spatial context and our knowledge of expected of landscape genetic structure under varying conditions. We present a framework for generating continuous "genetic surfaces", evaluate their statistical properties, and quantify statistical behavior of landscape genetic structure in a simple landscape. We simulated microsatellite genotypes under varying parameters (time since vicariance, migration, effective population size) and used ancestry (q) values from STRUCTURE to interpolate a genetic surface. Using a spatially adjusted Pearson's correlation coefficient to test the significance of landscape variable(s) on genetic structure we were able to detect landscape genetic structure on a contemporary time scale (>= 5 generations post vicariance, migration probability <= 0.10) even when population differentiation was minimal (F-ST >= 0.00015). We show that genetic variation can be significantly correlated with geographic distance even when genetic structure is due to landscape variable(s), demonstrating the importance of testing landscape influence on genetic structure. Finally, we apply genetic surfacing to analyze an empirical dataset of black bears from northern Idaho USA. We find black bear genetic variation is a function of distance (autocorrelation) and habitat patch (spatial dependency), consistent with previous results indicating genetic variation was influenced by landscape by resistance. These results suggest genetic surfaces can be used to test competing hypotheses of the influence of landscape characteristics on genetic structure without delineation of categorical groups. C1 [Murphy, Melanie A.; Storfer, Andrew] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83483 USA. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Murphy, MA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mamurphy@wsu.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009; OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0606458, DEB-0548415]; King Fellowship; Washington State Univ. Zoology Alumni Scholarship; EPA-STAR Fellowship [FP-453 916695] FX We would like to thank the following people for helpful comments and discussions: J. Baumsteiger, R. Dezzani, C. Goldberg, J. Kerby, M. Morgan, A. Robinson, S. Spear, C. Steele, T. Rice, and three anonymous reviewers. In addition, we thank D. Borcard and N. Crookston for assistance in modifying the MODTTEST code, D. Hall for Perl code to extract output values for analysis, and M. Schwartz and C. Pillgrim for work on the empirical black bear data set. Funding for this research was provided by: support under National Science Foundation award number DEB-0606458 to AS and MAM, King Fellowship (MAM), Washington State Univ. Zoology Alumni Scholarship (MAM), EPA-STAR Fellowship (#FP-453 916695; MAM), and National Science Foundation award number DEB-0548415 to AS. NR 57 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 685 EP 697 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05428.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397CH UT WOS:000262639100002 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Peters, DPC McClaran, MP Nichols, MH Adams, MB AF Moran, M. Susan Peters, Debra P. C. McClaran, Mitchel P. Nichols, Mary H. Adams, Mary B. TI Long-term data collection at USDA experimental sites for studies of ecohydrology SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE ecohydrology; watersheds; forests; ranges; USDA; long-term ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; CHANNEL INCISION; JORNADA BASIN; SHRUB REMOVAL; UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL-WATER; RUNOFF AB The science of ecohydrology is characterized by feedbacks, gradual trends and extreme events that are best revealed with long-term experimental studies of hydrological processes and biological communities. fit this review, we identified 81 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) experimental watersheds. forests and ranges with data records of more than 20 years measuring important ecosystem dynamics such as variations in vegetation, precipitation, climate, runoff, water quality and soil moisture. Through a series of examples, we showed how USDA long-term data have been used to understand key ecohydrological issues, including (1) time lag between cause and effects, (2) critical thresholds and cyclic trends, (3) context of rare and extreme events and (4) mechanistic feedbacks for simulation modelling. New analyses of network-wide, long-term data from USDA experimental sites were used to illustrate the potential for multi-year, multi-site ecohydrological research. Three areas of investigation were identified to best exploit the unique spatial distribution and long-term data of USDA experimental sites: convergence, cumulative synthesis and autocorrelation. This review underscored the need for continuous, interdisciplinary data records spanning more than 20 years across a wide range of ecosystems within and Outside the conterminous USA to address major crosscutting problems facing ecohydrology. Conversely, the heightened interest in ecohydrology has impacted USDA experimental sites by encouraging new long-term data collection efforts and adapting existing long-term data collection networks to address new science issues. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Moran, M. Susan; Nichols, Mary H.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER Program, Las Cruces, NM USA. [McClaran, Mitchel P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. [Adams, Mary B.] USDA, FS Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov NR 106 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1002/eco.24 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 390FU UT WOS:000262150500009 ER PT J AU Poudyal, NC Hodges, DG Cordell, HK AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Hodges, Donald G. Cordell, H. Ken TI The role of natural resource amenities in attracting retirees: implications for economic growth policy SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Natural resource amenity; Retiree growth; Retiree economy; US counties ID NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS; MIGRATION; EMPLOYMENT; COUNTIES; USA AB Increasing criticism of resource-extractive and polluting heavy duty industries in urban areas, as well as continuing declines in timbering, farming and mining in rural areas, have created challenges for planners and policy makers seeking sustainable rural economies. Earlier studies have concluded that a "retiree economy" is a viable approach for rural economic sustainability. Using specific measures of natural amenities that are variant over time; this study examined the role that natural amenity resources have played in attracting retirees. Results reveal that the rural and biologically rich counties with substantial land use diversity, water amenities, and other man-modified natural and recreational attractions have great potential for attracting retirees. The findings from this study can be useful for local and regional agencies to identity their latent potential to promote retiree economy, and also to predict the future amenity demands. in addition, we draw other policy implications regarding regional economic growth and ecological concern in rural America. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Poudyal, Neelam C.; Hodges, Donald G.] Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Poudyal, Neelam C.; Hodges, Donald G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cordell, H. Ken] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Hodges, DG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, 274 Ellington PSB, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dhodges2@utk.edu OI Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.02.022 PG 9 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 378GB UT WOS:000261308100022 ER PT J AU Pares-Ramos, IK Gould, WA Aide, TM AF Pares-Ramos, Isabel K. Gould, William A. Aide, T. Mitchell TI Agricultural Abandonment, Suburban Growth, and Forest Expansion in Puerto Rico between 1991 and 2000 SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE agriculture decline; forest expansion; forest transition; globalization; land use-cover change; suburban population growth; Puerto Rico ID LAND-USE; TROPICAL FORESTS; URBAN SPRAWL; RECOVERY; MIGRATION; PASTURES; GLOBALIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; TRANSITIONS AB The response of local economies to the globalization process can have a large effect on population and land-use dynamics. In countries with a high population density and relatively high levels of education, the globalization process has resulted in a shift in the local economy from agriculture to manufacturing, technology, and service sectors. This shift in the economy has impacted land-use dynamics by decreasing agricultural lands, increasing urban growth, and in some cases, increasing forest cover. This process of economic and forest transition has been well documented in Puerto Rico for the period 1950 to 1990, but some authors predicted that poor planning and continued urban growth would eliminate the gains in forest cover. To investigate the impacts of recent economic changes, we evaluated demographic and land-use changes for 880 "barrios" (i. e., neighborhoods), the smallest administrative unit, in Puerto Rico using government census data from 1990 and 2000 and land-cover classifications from 1991 and 2000. During this period, the population increased by 284 127 people (8.2%). Most of the growth was in the suburban barrios, whereas urban barrios lost population. This shift was reflected by the construction of more than 100 000 housing units in suburban barrios. Although urban sprawl is perceived as the major land-cover change, urban cover only increased from 10% to 11% between 1990 and 2000, whereas the increase in forest cover was much greater (28% to 40%). Grasslands and shrublands were the major sources of new urban and forest areas in 2000. Although these results are encouraging in terms of increasing forest cover, most of the new development has been concentrated in the coastal plains, which are the location of most of the remaining agricultural areas, a few protected areas, and threatened ecosystems (e. g., mangroves). C1 [Pares-Ramos, Isabel K.; Aide, T. Mitchell] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Gould, William A.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Pares-Ramos, IK (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. FU FIPI program of the University of Puerto Rico; Rio Piedras Campus; National Science Foundation [DEB-0731594, EF-0709598]; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Puerto Rico Gap Analysis [06IA-11120101-006-USGS-BRD] FX This research was supported in part by an institutional grant from FIPI program of the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus and National Science Foundation (DEB-0731594, EF-0709598) to TMA and by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project (06IA-11120101-006-USGS-BRD). We thank Maya Qui ones, Michael Jimenz, Mariano Solorzano, Olga Ramos, Gary Potts, and Carlos Zambrana for their technical assistance and Sebasti~n Martinuzzi, Ricardo Grau, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 AR 1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GQ UT WOS:000262291600004 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Pezeshki, SR Wilson, GV Wu, WM Dabney, SM AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Pezeshki, S. Reza Wilson, Glen V. Wu, Weiming Dabney, Seth M. TI Rehabilitation of an Incised Stream Using Plant Materials: the Dominance of Geomorphic Processes SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biotechnical stabilization; erosion; fish community structure; gullies; large wood; physical aquatic habitat; stream restoration; willows ID PORE-WATER PRESSURE; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; SALIX-NIGRA CUTTINGS; SAND-BED STREAM; RIVER RESTORATION; WARMWATER STREAMS; CHANNEL INCISION; AQUATIC HABITATS; SEEPAGE EROSION; MISSISSIPPI AB The restoration of potentially species-rich stream ecosystems in physically unstable environments is challenging, and few attempts have been evaluated scientifically. Restoration approaches that involve living and dead native vegetation are attractive economically and from an ecological standpoint. A 2-km reach of an incised, sand-bed stream in northern Mississippi was treated with large wood structures and willow plantings to trigger responses that would result in increasing similarity with a lightly degraded reference stream. Experimental approaches for stream bank and gully stabilization were also examined. Although the project was initially successful in producing improved aquatic habitat, after 4 yr it had failed to effectively address issues related to flashy watershed hydrology and physical instability manifest by erosion and sedimentation. The success of ecosystem rehabilitation was thus governed by landscape-scale hydrological and geomorphological processes. C1 [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Wilson, Glen V.; Dabney, Seth M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Pezeshki, S. Reza] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Wu, Weiming] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This project was made possible by the cooperation of landowners Michael Knight, Joe Edmondson, and Lou Ella Callahan. Construction of the Little Topashaw Creek Stream Corridor Rehabilitation Project was funded by the Demonstration Erosion Control Project, which was managed by the Vicksburg District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Technical reviews by Peter Smiley, Matt Kondolf, and Martin Doyle are gratefully acknowledged. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 AR 54 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GQ UT WOS:000262291600036 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Tian, HQ Pan, SF Liu, ML Lockaby, G Schilling, EB Stanturf, J AF Zhang, Chi Tian, Hanqin Pan, Shufen Liu, Mingliang Lockaby, Graeme Schilling, Erik B. Stanturf, John TI Effects of Forest Regrowth and Urbanization on Ecosystem Carbon Storage in a Rural-Urban Gradient in the Southeastern United States SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon storage; ecosystem model; deforestation; land use; urbanizatioin; southeastern United States ID LAND-USE CHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; BUDGET; CO2; ATMOSPHERE; BIOMASS; MODELS; SINK AB Forest regrowth after cropland abandonment and urban sprawl are two counteracting processes that have influenced carbon (C) sequestration in the southeastern United States in recent decades. In this study, we examined patterns of land-use/land-cover change and their effect on ecosystem C storage in three west Georgia counties (Muscogee, Harris, and Meriwether) that form a rural-urban gradient. Using time series Landsat imagery data including MSS for 1974, TM for 1983 and 1991, and ETM for 2002, we estimate that from 1974 to 2002, urban land use in the area has increased more than 380% (that is, 184 km(2)). Most newly urbanized land (63%) has been converted from forestland. Conversely, cropland and pasture area has decreased by over 59% (that is, 380 km(2)). Most of the cropland area was converted to forest. As a result, the net change in forest area was small over the past 29 years. Based on Landsat imagery and agricultural census records, we reconstructed an annual gridded data set of land-cover change for the three counties for the period 1850 to 2002. These data sets were then used as input to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate land-use effects on C fluxes and storage for the study area. Simulated results suggest that C uptake by forest regrowth (approximately 23.0 g C m(-2) y(-1)) was slightly greater than the amount of C released due to deforestation (approximately 18.4 g C m(-2) y(-1)), thus making the three counties a weak C sink. However, the relative importance of different deforestation processes in this area changed significantly through time. Although agricultural deforestation was generally the most important C-release process, the amount of C release attributable to urbanization has increased over time. Since 1990, urbanization has accounted for 29% of total C loss from the study area. We conclude that balancing urban development and forest protection is critically important for C management and policy making in the southeastern United States. C1 [Zhang, Chi; Tian, Hanqin; Pan, Shufen; Liu, Mingliang; Lockaby, Graeme] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Schilling, Erik B.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Res Ctr, Newberry, FL 32669 USA. [Stanturf, John] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tianhan@auburn.edu RI Liu, Mingliang/B-1361-2009; Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091 FU Auburn University Peak of Excellence Program; EPA STAR program; McIntire-Stennis Program; USDA Forest Service FX This study was supported by the Auburn University Peak of Excellence Program, the EPA STAR program, the McIntire-Stennis Program, and the USDA Forest Service. We thank David Kicklighter for helpful discussion in the early stages of this study. We are also grateful to Dr. Christine Goodale, Dr. Hua Chen, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on the manuscript. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1222 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0126-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 373DL UT WOS:000260951100001 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Bentler, KT Landolt, G Elmore, SA Minnis, RB Campbell, TA Barras, SC Root, JJ Pilon, J Pabilonia, K Driscoll, C Slate, D Sullivan, H McLean, RG AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Bentler, Kevin T. Landolt, Gabrielle Elmore, Stacey A. Minnis, Richard B. Campbell, Tyler A. Barras, Scott C. Root, J. Jeffrey Pilon, John Pabilonia, Kristy Driscoll, Cindy Slate, Dennis Sullivan, Heather McLean, Robert G. TI Influenza Infection in Wild Raccoons SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; RESIDENT DUCKS; HOST-RANGE; MAMMALS; BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; EVOLUTION; EXPOSURE AB Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are common, widely distributed animals that frequently come into contact with wild waterfowl, agricultural operations, and humans. Serosurveys showed that raccoons are exposed to avian influenza virus. We found antibodies to a variety of influenza virus subtypes (H10N7, H4N6, H4N2, H3, and H1) with wide geographic variation in seroprevalence. Experimental infection studies showed that raccoons become infected with avian and human influenza A viruses, shed and transmit virus to virus-free animals, and seroconvert. Analyses of cellular receptors showed that raccoons have avian and human type receptors with a similar distribution as found in human respiratory tracts. The potential exists for co-infection of multiple subtypes of influenza virus with genetic reassortment and creation of novel strains of influenza virus. Experimental and field data indicate that raccoons may play an important role in influenza disease ecology and pose risks to agriculture and human health. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Bentler, Kevin T.; Elmore, Stacey A.; Root, J. Jeffrey; Pilon, John; Sullivan, Heather; McLean, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Landolt, Gabrielle; Pabilonia, Kristy] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Minnis, Richard B.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX USA. [Barras, Scott C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Moreley, VA USA. [Driscoll, Cindy] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD USA. [Slate, Dennis] Wildlife Services, USDA, Concord, NH USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1842 EP 1848 DI 10.3201/eid1412.071371 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 401AZ UT WOS:000262911800002 PM 19046505 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Atwood, TC DeLiberto, TJ Smith, HJ Stevenson, JS Thomsen, BV Gidlewski, T Payeur, J AF VerCauteren, Kurt C. Atwood, Todd C. DeLiberto, Thomas J. Smith, Holly J. Stevenson, Justin S. Thomsen, Bruce V. Gidlewski, Thomas Payeur, Janet TI Sentinel-based Surveillance of Coyotes to Detect Bovine Tuberculosis, Michigan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BADGERS MELES-MELES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; CANIS-LATRANS; UNGULATE CARCASSES; WILDLIFE; INFECTION; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Bovine TB in deer and cattle has created immense financial consequences for the livestock industry and hunting public. Surveillance identified coyotes (Canis latrans) as potential bio-accumulators of Mycobacterium bovis, a finding that generated interest in their potential to serve as sentinels for monitoring disease risk. We sampled 175 coyotes in the bovine TB-endemic area. Fifty-eight tested positive, and infection prevalence by county ranged from 19% to 52% (statistical mean 33%, SE 0.07). By contrast, prevalence in deer (n = 3,817) was lower (i.e., 1.49%; Mann-Whitney U(4.4) = 14, p < 0.001). By focusing on coyotes rather than deer, we sampled 97% fewer individuals and increased the likelihood of detecting M. bovis by 40%. As a result of reduced sampling intensity, sentinel coyote surveys have the potential to be practical indicators of M. bovis presence in wildlife and livestock. C1 [VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Thomsen, Bruce V.; Gidlewski, Thomas; Payeur, Janet] Vet Serv Labs, USDA APHIS, Ames, IA USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center FX Funding was provided by USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1862 EP 1869 DI 10.3201/eid1412.071181 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 401AZ UT WOS:000262911800005 PM 19046508 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA Pruneda, JN Rondon, SI AF Arthurs, Steven P. Lacey, Lawrence A. Pruneda, Jonathan N. Rondon, Silvia I. TI Semi-field evaluation of a granulovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp kurstaki for season-long control of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE biopesticide; baculovirus; Solanum tuberosum; Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae; Solanaceae; microbial control; integrated pest management ID GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; ZELLER LEPIDOPTERA; CONTROL AGENT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MUSCODOR-ALBUS; GELECHIIDAE; YEMEN; INACTIVATION; FORMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB There are few insecticidal options for potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), control late in the growing season. We evaluated the PTM granulovirus (PoGV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner ssp. kurstaki (Btk) for season-long control of PTM on potato foliage in 2006 and 2007. Compared to untreated controls, 10 weekly applications of PoGV (10(13) occlusion bodies/ha) reduced PTM populations in replicated 1-m(3) field cages by 86-96% on pre-harvest foliage and 90-97% on tubers added to cages shortly before harvest. Infection rates of 82-95% of L4 larvae by PoGV were noted within individual larval cohorts. Equivalently timed Btk treatments (1.12 kg product/ha) were significantly less effective at population suppression, with a 36-76% reduction in larvae recovered from tubers added to cages. A PoGV/Btk alternation was significantly more effective than Btk alone and as effective as PoGV in 2007, but not in 2006. There was some evidence that reduced rate PoGV treatments (10% rate or 50% application frequency) were less effective than the standard program. There were no treatment effects on percentage of tubers growing in the ground that were infested at harvest, which remained comparatively low at <= 8.1%. Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the residual activities of foliar deposits. Early-season applications were highly effective for the first 24 h (>= 93% mortality) with a steady decline in activity over 10 days. A second application, applied later in the season, showed similar patterns, although in this case Btk was less persistent than PoGV, whereas both agents provided significant larval mortality compared with controls over 14 days. Both PoGV and Btk provide alternatives to manage field infestations of PTM prior to harvest, thus reducing the risk of tuber infestations in storage. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.; Pruneda, Jonathan N.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Arthurs, Steven P.] UF IFAS, MidFlorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Rondon, Silvia I.] Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lerry.lacey@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon State University;; Washington State Potato Commission; USDA-National Potato Council FX We are grateful to Jerry Gefre, Francisco de la Rosa, Dana Jones, Belinda Bray Bishop, and Heather Headrick for technical support; our cooperators Drs Phil Hamm and Mahmut Dogramaciat Oregon State University; Dr Andrew Jensen at the Washington State Potato Commission; and Drs Jurgen Kroschel and Marc Sporleder at the International Potato Center, Lima, Peru. We also thank Birgit Schaub for isolation of PoGV and for arranging the import permit. Financial support was provided by the Washington State Potato Commission, the USDA-National Potato Council, and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. We thank Jarrad Prasifka and Joseph Munyaneza for helpful manuscript reviews and Dave Horton for assistance with statistical analysis. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 129 IS 3 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00782.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 374PH UT WOS:000261055700006 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Harrison, HF Ling, KS AF Simmons, Alvin M. Harrison, Howard F. Ling, Kai-Shu TI Forty-nine new host plant species for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly; Bemisia tabaci; Ipomoea; new hosts; virus; weed hosts ID ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; GENNADIUS HEMIPTERA; BIOTYPES; WHITEFLIES AB The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a worldwide pest of numerous agricultural and ornamental crops. In addition to directly feeding on plants, it also acts as a vector of plant viruses of cultivated and uncultivated host plant species. Moreover, host plants can affect the population dynamics of whiteflies. An open-choice screening experiment was conducted with B-biotype B. tabaci on a diverse collection of crops, weeds, and other indigenous plant species. Five of the plant species were further evaluated in choice or no-choice tests in the laboratory. The results reveal 49 new reproductive host plant species for B. tabaci. This includes 11 new genera of host plants (Arenaria, Avena, Carduus, Dichondra, Glechoma, Gnaphalium, Molugo, Panicum, Parthenocissus, Trianthema, and Triticum) for this whitefly. All species that served as hosts were acceptable for feeding, oviposition, and development to the adult stage by B. tabaci. The new hosts include three cultivated crops [oats (Avena sativa L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)], weeds and other wild species, including 32 Ipomoea species, which are relatives of sweetpotato [I. batatas (L.) Lam.)]. Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L., did not serve as a host for B. tabaci in either open-choice or no-choice tests. The results presented herein have implications for whitefly ecology and the numerous viruses that B. tabaci spreads to and among cultivated plants. C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.; Harrison, Howard F.; Ling, Kai-Shu] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1343-8786 J9 ENTOMOL SCI JI Entomol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2008.00288.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 374QU UT WOS:000261059600001 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Sappington, TW Adamczyk, JJ Liu, TX Setamou, M AF Greenberg, S. M. Sappington, T. W. Adamczyk, J. J. Liu, T. -X. Setamou, M. TI Effects of Photoperiod on Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Development, Survival, and Reproduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; cotton; photoperiod ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; COTTON SQUARES; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; TEMPERATURE; DIAPAUSE; OVIPOSITION; RESPONSES; BEETLE; THYSANOPTERA; THRIPIDAE AB Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14,12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27 degrees C temperature and 65% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures per day), and oviposition (oviposition punctures/oviposition+feeding punctures) activities, and the proportion of squares attacked by boll weevil females. When boll weevil females developed in light:darkness cycles, they produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs developing to adulthood than those developed in 24-h light or dark conditions. In long photoperiod (24:0 and 14:10 h), the number of female progeny),vas significantly higher and their development time was significantly shorter than those developed in short photoperiod (0:24 and 10:14 h). Lifetime oviposition was significantly highest at 12- and 14-h photophase, lowest at 0- and 10-h photophase, and intermediate at 24 h of light. Life table calculations indicated that boll weevil populations developed in a photoperiod of 14:10 and 12:12 (L:D) h will increase an average of two-fold each generation (R(o)) compared with boll weevils developed in 24:0- and 10:14-h photoperiods and 15-fold compared with those at 0:24 h. Knowledge of the photoperiod-dependent population growth potential is critical for understanding population dynamics to better develop sampling protocols and timing insecticide applications. C1 [Greenberg, S. M.; Adamczyk, J. J.] KSARC SPA ARS USDA, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Liu, T. -X.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), KSARC SPA ARS USDA, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM shoil.greenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1396 EP 1402 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-37.6.1396 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 382VJ UT WOS:000261633200004 PM 19161681 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Sullivan, B AF Hanula, James L. Sullivan, Brian TI Manuka Oil and Phoebe Oil are Attractive Baits for Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera Scolytinae), the Vector of Laurel Wilt SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic species; alpha-copaene; calamenene ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CURCULIONIDAE; REDBAY AB Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleboras glabratus Eichhoff, is a native of Southeast Asia recently established in coastal forests of Georgia, SC and Florida. It vectors a wilt fungus, Raffaelea sp., lethal to redbay trees Persea horbonia L. Spreng, and certain other Lauraceae. No practical monitoring system exists for this beetle so we conducted studies to identify host attractants and develop lures. Volatiles were collected from redbay wood and bark by steam distillation, direct solvent extraction, and dynamic headspace sampling with a Poropak Q cartridge. Steam, methanol, and pentane extracts were tested as baits in trapping trials but were not attractive to X. glabratus. Major constituents in Poropak aerations identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry included alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3-carene, eucalyptol, p-cymene, alpha-copaene terpinene-4-ol, linalool, calamenene, and nonanoic acid. We assayed several of these compounds (including eucalyptol, p-cymene, tetpinene-4-ol, linalool, nonanoic acid and caryophyllene oxide) both individually and in combination, but none were attractive at tested doses. Two other redbay odor components, a-copaene and calamenene, were unavailable in sufficient quantities commercially so we substituted manuka oil, the essential oil extracted from Leptospermum scoparium Forst. and Forst., which contains high proportions of both compounds. Manuka oil was equally attractive as redbay wood to X. glabratus, but increasing release rates > 10-fold did not enhance its activity. Phoebe oil, an extract of Brazilian walnut (Phoebe porosa Mez.), which contains significant quantities of a-copaene and calamenene, was also attractive. Fractions of manuka oil were not more attractive than the whole oil. Manuka and phoebe oil are readily available and are good alternatives to redbay wood as a trap bait for monitoring X. glabratus distribution and population trends. C1 [Hanula, James L.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sullivan, Brian] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhanula@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1409 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-37.6.1403 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 382VJ UT WOS:000261633200005 PM 19161682 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Fuest, J Horton, DL AF Cottrell, T. E. Fuest, J. Horton, D. L. TI Influence of Prunus spp., Peach Cultivars, and Bark Damage on Oviposition Choices by the Lesser Peachtree Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon pictipes; Prunus persica; Prunus augustifolia; Prunus serotina; Rosaceae ID DOGWOOD BORER; APPLE ORCHARDS; TREE BORER; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY; CANKER AB An examination of oviposition choices by the lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), showed that wounded peach, Primus persica (L.) Batsch, hark was attractive to females for oviposition. Females responded to bark that was injured mechanically (e.g., hammer blows, knife cuts, pruning wounds), infested by lesser peachtree borer larvae or injured by disease. In fact, there seas no difference ill female oviposition response to knife cut wounds and knife cut wounds infested with lesser peachtree borer larvae. Oviposition oil wounded bark from three different high chill peach cultivars was similar and strongly suggests that the narrow genetic base of high chill peach cultivars grown ill the southeastern United States has little inherent resistance to the lesser peachtree borer. Ill stark contrast, when provided different Prunes spp., i.e., exotic peach and the native species P. angustifolia and P. scrotina, the exotic peach was highly preferred for oviposition by the native lesser peachtree borer. C1 [Cottrell, T. E.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Fuest, J.; Horton, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM ted.cottrell@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1508 EP 1513 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-37.6.1508 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 382VJ UT WOS:000261633200017 PM 19161694 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Teran-Vargas, AP Abel, CA Portilla, M Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Snodgrass, GL AF Blanco, Carlos A. Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. Abel, Craig A. Portilla, Maribel Guadalupe Rojas, M. Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Snodgrass, Gordon L. TI Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; generation time; net reproductive rate; finite rate of increase; plant host abundance ID EARLY-SEASON WILD; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; BUDWORM; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; DELTA AB Heliothis viresceas F. is an important polyphagous pest that can develop on > 100 plant species, including 20 economic crops. Populations of this insect are believed to be locally maintained on a few crops and weed hosts in Washington County, MS. To find the intrinsic value of these plants for the development of H. virescens populations, we fed different laboratory and wild colonies with fresh and lyophilized plant tissue under a constant temperature. Development time of this insect under laboratory conditions varied up to 10 d between plant hosts and was dependent on the type of plant tissue provided: fresh or lyophilized. Life table parameters such as net reproductive rate, finite rate of increase, and generation time indicated that Trifolium repens, a wild host growing around agricultural fields year round, could be one of the most suitable local plant hosts for the development of H. virescens. Two species of Geranium, previously reported as the source of the first H. virescens generation in the region, had lower intrinsic value as a food source than did T. repens. Gossyipium hirsutum, perhaps the most important crop source of H. virescens in the region, produced low net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase parameters. Sampling conducted in agricultural fields during 2006 and 2007 found no larvae on the above mentioned wild hosts as it was previously reported. Results indicated that H. virescens populations in this region were not supported by the wild plant species growing around agricultural fields during the time when the survey took place. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Abel, Craig A.; Snodgrass, Gordon L.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Cuauhtemoc 89610, TAM, Mexico. [Portilla, Maribel; Guadalupe Rojas, M.; Morales-Ramos, Juan A.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM carlos.blanco@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1538 EP 1547 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-37.6.1538 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 382VJ UT WOS:000261633200021 PM 19161698 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Schweikert, YM Higdon, ML Ellersieck, MR AF Hibbard, B. E. Schweikert, Y. M. Higdon, M. L. Ellersieck, M. R. TI Maize Phenology Affects Establishment, Damage, and Development of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; phenology; root toughness ID LARVAE COLEOPTERA; FIELD CORN; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT-DENSITY; INFESTATIONS; NITROGEN; EGGS; DATE; MANAGEMENT; TOLERANCE AB The effects of maize (Zea mays L.) phenology on establishment and adult emergence of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and plant damage to maize was evaluated in field trials in 2001 and 2002 and in the greenhouse. Although neonate western corn rootworm larvae were able to initially establish on maize roots during anthesis and early reproductive stages, these older roots were apparently unsuitable for complete western corn rootworm larval development. The number of western corn rootworm beetles that emerged from eggs that hatched during anthesis to early reproductive stages was significantly fewer than the number of beetles that eclosed from V4 to V11. Plant damage was also lowest from larvae that eclosed during anthesis to early reproductive stages. Potential causal mechanisms and implications of these data in terms of potential management strategies in the future are discussed. C1 [Hibbard, B. E.; Schweikert, Y. M.; Higdon, M. L.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ellersieck, M. R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Statistician, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Bruce.Hibbard@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1558 EP 1564 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-37.6.1558 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 382VJ UT WOS:000261633200023 PM 19161700 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Meikle, T Zuuring, HR AF Booth, D. Terrance Cox, Samuel E. Meikle, Tim Zuuring, Hans R. TI Ground-Cover Measurements: Assessing Correlation Among Aerial and Ground-Based Methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Image analysis; Line intercept; Laser point frame; Point intercept; SamplePoint; Vegetation measurement; VegMeasure ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; DIGITAL IMAGERY; RANGELAND; PHOTOGRAPHY; QUADRATS; VEGETATION AB Wyoming's Green Mountain Common Allotment is public land providing livestock forage, wildlife habitat, and unfenced solitude, amid other ecological services. It is also the center of ongoing debate over USDI Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) adjudication of land uses. Monitoring resource use is a BLM responsibility, but conventional monitoring is inadequate for the vast areas encompassed in this and other public-land units. New monitoring methods are needed that will reduce monitoring costs. An understanding of data-set relationships among old and new methods is also needed. This study compared two conventional methods with two remote sensing methods using images captured from two meters and 100 meters above ground level from a camera stand (a ground, image-based method) and a light airplane (an aerial, image-based method). Image analysis used SamplePoint or VegMeasure software. Aerial methods allowed for increased sampling intensity at low cost relative to the time and travel required by ground methods. Costs to acquire the aerial imagery and measure ground cover on 162 aerial samples representing 9000 ha were less than $3000. The four highest correlations among data sets for bare ground-the ground-cover characteristic yielding the highest correlations (r)-ranged from 0.76 to 0.85 and included ground with ground, ground with aerial, and aerial with aerial data-set associations. We conclude that our aerial surveys are a cost-effective monitoring method, that ground with aerial data-set correlations can be equal to, or greater than those among ground-based data sets, and that bare ground should continue to be investigated and tested for use as a key indicator of rangeland health. C1 [Booth, D. Terrance; Cox, Samuel E.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Meikle, Tim] Great Bear Restorat Technol, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Zuuring, Hans R.] Univ Montana, Dept Forestry Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) [2004-33610-14343] FX This research was funded in part by a grant from the Wyoming State Office of the Bureau of Land Management to D. T. Booth, and in part by a grant from the USDA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, grant number 2004-33610-14343, to T. W. Meikle. We thank C. Fitzgerald and John Likins and his associates at the Lander Field Office, USDI-Bureau of Land Management, and Joe Nance, Cloudstreet Airsports, Ft Collins, CO, for their efforts in data collection. We thank A. S. Laliberte, D. A. Pyke, and A. Rango for reviewing this article. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1091 EP 1100 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9110-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 373DV UT WOS:000260952100001 PM 18446407 ER PT J AU Ge, SK Carruthers, R Spencer, D Yu, Q AF Ge, Shaokui Carruthers, Raymond I. Spencer, David F. Yu, Qian TI Canopy assessment of biochemical features by ground-based hyperspectral data for an invasive species, giant reed (Arundo donax) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological invasion; Chlorophyll content; Hyperspectral remote sensing; Imaging spectroscopy; Nitrogen content; Nutritional conditions ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL-B; LEAF; LEAVES; CALIFORNIA; CHEMISTRY; QUALITY; INDEXES AB This study explored the potential use of hyperspectral data in the non-destructive assessment of chlorophyll, carbon, and nitrogen content of giant reed at the canopy level. We found that pseudoabsorption and derivatives of original hyperspectral data were able to describe the relationship between spectral data and measured biochemical characteristics. Based on correlogram analyses of ground-based hyperspectral data, we found that derivatives of pseudoabsorption were the best predictors of chlorophyll, carbon, and nitrogen content of giant reed canopies. Within the visible region, spectral data significantly correlated with chlorophyll content at both 461 nm and 693 nm wavelengths. Within the near-infrared region, carbon levels correlated with hyperspectral data at five causal wavelengths: 1038 nm, 1945 nm, 1132 nm, 1525 nm, and 1704 nm. The best spectral wavelength for estimating nitrogen content was 1542 nm. Such relationships between nutrient content and spectral data were best represented by exponential functions in most situations. C1 [Ge, Shaokui; Yu, Qian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ge, Shaokui; Carruthers, Raymond I.] USDA ARS WRRC, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94720 USA. [Spencer, David F.] UC Davis, USDA ARS WRRC, Weed Sci Program, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, Qian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ge, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shaokui@pw.usda.gov RI Yu, Qian/A-6787-2010 FU USDA CRIS [5325-22000-020-00D]; NASA Earth Science Invasive Species Application [N06-4918] FX We thank Dr. Ruiliang Pu for his help in the collection of field canopy spectral data. Also, we appreciate the comments and suggestions provided from Dr. James Everitt and another anonymous reviewer on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was supported by USDA CRIS 5325-22000-020-00D and NASA Earth Science Invasive Species Application (Project No. N06-4918). NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 147 IS 1-3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-0119-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370MP UT WOS:000260766600027 PM 18213454 ER PT J AU Matyssek, R Sandermann, H Wieser, G Booker, F Cieslik, S Musselman, R Ernst, D AF Matyssek, R. Sandermann, H. Wieser, G. Booker, F. Cieslik, S. Musselman, R. Ernst, D. TI The challenge of making ozone risk assessment for forest trees more mechanistic SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE O(3) flux; Sapflow; Effective O(3) dose; Detoxification; Mechanistic risk assessment ID BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ASCORBIC-ACID; CELL-DEATH; GENE-EXPRESSION; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; PLANT DEFENSE AB Upcoming decades will experience increasing atmospheric CO(2) and likely enhanced O(3) exposure which represents a risk for the carbon sink strength of forests, so that the need for cause-effect related O(3) risk assessment increases. Although assessment will gain in reliability on an O(3) uptake basis, risk is co-determined by the effective dose, i.e. the plant's sensitivity per O(3) uptake. Recent progress in research on the molecular and metabolic control of the effective O(3) dose is reported along with advances in empirically assessing O(3) uptake at the whole-tree and stand level. Knowledge on both O(3) uptake and effective dose (measures of stress avoidance and tolerance, respectively) needs to be understood mechanistically and linked as a pre-requisite before practical use of process-based O(3) risk assessment can be implemented. To this end, perspectives are derived for validating and promoting new O(3) flux-based modelling tools. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matyssek, R.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Weihenstephan, Germany. [Sandermann, H.] Ecotox Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Wieser, G.] Dept Alpine Timberline Ecophysiol, Fed Res & Trainings Ctr Forests Nat Hazards & Lan, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Booker, F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Cieslik, S.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Musselman, R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sandermann, H.; Ernst, D.] Inst Biochem Plant Pathol, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Matyssek, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Weihenstephan, Germany. EM matyssek@wzw.tum.de RI Ernst, Dieter/M-7336-2014 OI Ernst, Dieter/0000-0003-0503-0228 FU European Commission [EVK2-2002-00165]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC FX Findings reported were provided, in part, by the CASIROZ project ("The carbon sink strength of beech in a changing environment: Experimental risk assessment by mitigation of chronic ozone impact") funded through European Commission - Research Directorate-General, Environment Programme, "Natural Resources Management and Services" (EVK2-2002-00165, Ecosystem Vulnerability), supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through SFB 607 Growth and Parasite Defense - Competition for Resources in Economic Plants from Agronomy and Forestry" as well as by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 172 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 567 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.017 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MW UT WOS:000261678700001 PM 18571819 ER PT J AU Yesilonis, ID Pouyat, RV Neerchal, NK AF Yesilonis, I. D. Pouyat, R. V. Neerchal, N. K. TI Spatial distribution of metals in soils in Baltimore, Maryland: Role of native parent material, proximity to major roads, housing age and screening guidelines SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Baltimore Ecosystem Study; Heavy metals; Urban landscapes ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GIS-BASED APPROACH; URBAN SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; FOREST FLOOR; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NEW-YORK; LEAD; PATTERNS; ZINC AB We investigated the spatial distribution of heavy metal above-background (anthropic) contents of Cd, Co, Cu. Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn in Baltimore City surface soils and related these levels to potential contaminating sources. Composite soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were digested using a nitric and hydrochloric extraction technique. Slightly more than 10% of plots exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency screening guidelines for Pb. In a principal component analysis, the first component corresponded to Co, Cr, and Fe, which are constituents of local mafic rocks. The second component corresponded to Cu, Pb, and Zn which were significantly higher within than beyond a 100 m buffer of the major roads within the city; furthermore, Pb and Zn were higher in older residential lots. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yesilonis, I. D.; Pouyat, R. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Neerchal, N. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Yesilonis, ID (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 5200 Westland Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM iyesil1@umbc.edu; rpouyat@fs.fed.us; nagaraj@math.umbc.edu FU USDA Forest Service's Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit, Syracuse, N.Y. [NE-4952]; National Science Foundation [0423476]; Environmental Protection Agency [R-82818204] FX We thank Dan Bain and Kirsten Schwarz for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Nathan Forand, Kim Mead. Cameron Catron, Victor Ukpolo, and Karina Holla provided valuable assistance with field sampling and laboratory analyses. Funding support was provided by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit (NE-4952), Syracuse, N.Y.; Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long Term Ecological Research grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0423476): and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (R-82818204). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 64 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.06.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MW UT WOS:000261678700018 PM 18656291 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Knuteson, J Ernst, FF Zheng, W Wang, Q AF Yates, S. R. Knuteson, J. Ernst, F. F. Zheng, W. Wang, Q. TI Effect of Sequential Surface Irrigations on Field-Scale Emissions of 1,3-Dichloropropene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS; REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; FUMIGATION; INJECTION AB A field experiment was conducted to measure subsurface movement and volatilization of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) after shank injection to an agricultural soil. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the emissions of 1,3-D to the atmosphere and is based on recent research that has shown that saturating the soil pore space reduces gas-phase diffusion and leads to reduced volatilization rates. Aerodynamic, integrated horizontal flux, and theoretical profile shape methods were used to estimate fumigant volatilization rates and total emission losses. These methods provide estimates of the volatilization rate based on measurements of wind speed, temperature, and 1,3-D concentration in the atmosphere. The volablization rate was measured continuously for 16 days, and the daily peak volatilization rates for the three methods ranged from 18 to 60 mu g m(-2) s(-1). The total 1,3-D mass entering the atmosphere was approximately 44-68 kg ha(-1), or 10-15% of the applied active ingredient This represents approximately 30-50% reduction in the total emission losses compared to conventional fumigant applications infield and field plot studies. Significant reduction in volatilization of 1,3-D was observed when five surface irrigations were applied to the field, one immediately after fumigation followed by daily irrigations. C1 [Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Knuteson, J.] Dow Agrosci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Ernst, F. F.; Zheng, W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.yates@ars.usda.gov FU California Air Resources Board FX The authors are grateful to A. Khan, Q. Zhang, and J. Jobes for their assistance in preparing and conducting this experiment. Part of the research described was supported by California Air Resources Board (agreement #05-351). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this paper is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 8753 EP 8758 DI 10.1021/es800675t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378FS UT WOS:000261307200027 PM 19192793 ER PT J AU Delmonico, MJ Kostek, MC Johns, J Hurley, BF Conway, JM AF Delmonico, M. J. Kostek, M. C. Johns, J. Hurley, B. F. Conway, J. M. TI Can dual energy X-ray absorptiometry provide a valid assessment of changes in thigh muscle mass with strength training in older adults? SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE resistance training; sarcopenia; body composition; imaging; methods ID BODY-COMPOSITION CHANGES; FAT-FREE MASS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CRITERION METHODS; WEIGHT CHANGE; LEG MUSCLE; WOMEN AB Objective: To determine how dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compares to computed tomography (CT) for measuring changes in total thigh skeletal muscle (SM) mass with strength training (ST) in older adults. Subjects: Fifty previously sedentary, relatively healthy older men (n = 23, 60 (s.d. = 7.5) years) and women (n = 27, 60 (s.d. = 9.3) years). Results: Results indicate that there was a significant increase in thigh SM mass with ST measured by both CT (3.97 +/- 0.4%) and DXA (2.97 +/- 0.6%) methods (both P < 0.001), and there was not a significant difference in percent change between the two methods, although there was a substantial absolute difference (similar to 2 kg) at baseline between the two methods. Although Bland-Altman plots indicate overall agreement between the percent thigh SM mass changes of DXA vs CT methods, the 3.4% error associated with DXA was greater than the thigh SM mass change from DXA. However, the CT measured change in thigh SM mass was greater than its error (0.6%). Conclusions: DXA overestimates baseline and after ST thigh SM mass, and may not be able to detect small changes in thigh SM mass with ST due to its higher error. Although DXA has certain advantages that warrant is used in epidemiologic and intervention studies, improvements to DXA are needed for the accurate assessment of small changes in thigh SM mass. C1 [Delmonico, M. J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Delmonico, M. J.; Kostek, M. C.; Johns, J.; Hurley, B. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kostek, M. C.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Med Genet Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Conway, J. M.] ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, USDA, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Delmonico, MJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 130 N Bellefield Ave,Room 519, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM delmonicom@edc.pitt.edu FU National Institute on Aging [AG-1620501, AG- 022791] FX This study was supported by research contract no. AG-1620501 and AG- 022791 from the National Institute on Aging. We thank the participants for their cooperation and interest in our research. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1372 EP 1378 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602880 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 378OC UT WOS:000261330800003 PM 17684523 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Efficacy of myricetin as an antioxidant in methyl esters of soybean oil SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant; Biodiesel; Flavonol; Myricetin; alpha-Tocopherol ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROLS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS; STORAGE STABILITY; SOYATE BIODIESEL; DELTA-TOCOPHEROL; PALM OIL; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AB The antioxidant activity of myricetin, a natural flavonol found in fruits and vegetables, was determined in soybean oil methyl esters (SME) and compared with alpha-tocopherol and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) over a 90-day period employing EN 14112, acid value, and kinematic viscosity methods. Myricetin had greater antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol, but was inferior to TBHQ. Synergism was observed between myricetin and TBHQ but antagonism between alpha-tocopherol and either myricetin or TBHQ was discovered. A binary mixture of myricetin and TBHQ at 1000 ppm (1:1) was the most effective treatment investigated at inhibiting oxidation of SME. Myricetin was not completely soluble in SME at 1000 ppm, suggesting that 500 ppm is a more appropriate treatment level. Pro-oxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol was observed when added to SME obtained from crude soybean oil, but antioxidant behavior was observed in distilled SME. Addition of a-tocopherol to methyl esters initially free of antioxidants revealed that 600-700 ppm was the optimum concentration for antioxidant activity. Acid value and kinematic viscosity remained within prescribed specifications after 90 days, despite failure of a number of samples with regard to EN 14112, suggesting that these parameters are insufficient as sole indicators of oxidation stability. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 110 IS 12 BP 1167 EP 1174 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200800145 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 391EA UT WOS:000262215100012 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Pasnik, David J. Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Bacillus licheniformis isolated during a fish kill is non-pathogenic SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic menhaden; Bacillus spp; bacteria; Brevoortia spp; Chesapeake Bay; fish ID MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; ULCERATIVE LESIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE; ETIOLOGY; RIVER C1 [Pasnik, David J.; Evans, Joyce J.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM david.pasnik@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6420-32000-022-00D] FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS under CRIS # 6420-32000-022-00D ( Epidemiology). Mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The authors thank Dr P Glibert, C Luckett and J Alexander for fish kill and water quality information, D Brougher for assistance with fish capture and care and with laboratory examination, and the faculty and students of the Gunston Day School (Centreville, Maryland, USA) for vital help with fish sampling on the Corsica River. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1351 EP 1353 DI 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01666.x PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 380CD UT WOS:000261442400023 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Brambila, J Hung, E AF Meagher, Robert L. Brambila, Julieta Hung, Edward TI MONITORING FOR EXOTIC SPODOPTERA SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera; pheromones; trapping; orchid nurseries; exotic species ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; EXEMPTA LEPIDOPTERA; AFRICAN ARMYWORM; FIELD-EVALUATION; BEET ARMYWORM; FALL ARMYWORM; IDENTIFICATION; EXIGUA; FRUGIPERDA; MANAGEMENT AB Trapping studies were conducted in 2 Florida locations to determine if 3 Old World Spodoptera Guenee species were present. Commercially-produced lures for S. exempta (Walker), S. littoralis (Boisduval), and S. litura (F.), plus a S. litura lure made by the USDA-APHIS-CPHST laboratory at Otis ANGB in Massachusetts, were used with plastic Unitraps and placed near 2 orchid nurseries in Lake and Miami-Dade counties. One S. litura male moth was identified from collections made in Apr 2007; no other exotic species were found in either location. However, thousands of resident species were collected, including S. albula (Walker) (= S. sunia Guenee), S. dolichos (F.), S. eridania (Stoll), S. exigua (Hubner), (J. E. Smith), and S. pulchella (Herrich-Schaffer). This study exposed the amount of labor and level of technical knowledge needed for scientists involved in finding exotic Spodoptera species. C1 [Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Brambila, Julieta] USDA APHIS PPQ, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Hung, Edward] Sherwood Farms Inc, Groveland, FL 34736 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100001 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Greenberg, S Armstrong, JS Mullins, WJ Braxton, LB Lassiter, RB Siebert, MW AF Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Greenberg, S. Armstrong, J. S. Mullins, W. J. Braxton, L. B. Lassiter, R. B. Siebert, M. W. TI EVALUATIONS OF BOLLGARD (R), BOLLGARD II (R), AND WIDESTRIKE (R) TECHNOLOGIES AGAINST BEET AND FALL ARMYWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; Spodoptera frugiperda; armyworms; transgenic cotton ID COTTON; EFFICACY; PROTEINS; GROWTH AB Transgenic cottons containing the Bollgard (R), Bollgard II (R) and WideStrike (R) traits were grown in 2005 and 2007 to examine the efficacy against beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) and fall armyworms S. frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Results suggest that both dual-gene traits are more efficacious against these armyworm species than Bollgard. In these studies, WideStrike (R) appears to be more efficacious against fall armyworms than Bollgard II (R), while Bollgard II (R) is more efficacious against beet armyworms than WideStrike (R). Possible reasons for these differences in efficacy are discussed. C1 [Adamczyk, J. J., Jr.; Greenberg, S.; Armstrong, J. S.] ARS, USDA, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78501 USA. [Mullins, W. J.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Braxton, L. B.; Lassiter, R. B.; Siebert, M. W.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78501 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 531 EP 536 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100003 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Da, KD Buntin, D Brown, SL AF Ni, Xinzhi Da, Kedong Buntin, David Brown, Steve L. TI PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) RESISTANCE IN SEEDLINGS OF MAIZE INBRED LINES WITH VARYING LEVELS OF SILK MAYSIN SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CO(2) exchange rate; light response curve; A/Ci curve; host plant resistance; tolerance ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; SUSCEPTIBLE WHEAT; CHLOROPHYLL; LEAVES; INSECT; INJURY; CRAMBIDAE AB To assess both foliage- and ear-feeding insect resistance in the same maize inbred lines, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance at the seedling stage was examined in 6 corn inbred lines, including 4 CIMMYT maize inbred lines (CML333, CML335, CML 336, and CML338) with varying levels of silk maysin that confers corn earworm, Helicoverpa zee (Boddie), resistance and controls (fall armyworm-resistant Mp708 and susceptible AB24E). Fall armyworm injury rating and chlorophyll content were examined under greenhouse and field conditions. Plant height, plant stem circumference, and photosynthesis-related measurements were recorded on uninfested and infested plants only under greenhouse conditions. Injury ratings on CML333, CML336, and CML338 (with a range of low to high levels of silk maysin) were the same as for the resistant control (Mp708), and were significantly lower than for the susceptible control AB24E and CML335 (without silk maysin). Plant height, plant stem circumference, and chlorophyll content varied among the 6 inbred lines, but were not consistently correlated to resistance at the seedling stage. Photosynthetic rate was negatively affected by injury in AB24E, CML333, CML335, and CML336, but not affected in CML338 and Mp708. The reduction in photosynthetic rate of fall armyworm-susceptible AB24E, and in resistant CML333 and CML336 indicated that insect resistance in CML333 and CML336 might not be related to photosynthetic rate. At the same time, the data suggest that CML338 and Mp708 were tolerant to herbivory because no difference in either photosynthetic rate or photosynthetic capacity was detected in either inbred line between uninfested and injured corn seedlings. Further examination of photosynthetic capacity based on A/Ci and light response curves supported this resistance mechanism categorization. This experiment indicated that corn earworm-resistant corn inbred lines with varying levels of silk maysin could confer resistance to foliage-feeding fall armyworm at its seedling stage. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Da, Kedong; Buntin, David] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Brown, Steve L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 537 EP 545 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100004 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. Meagher, Robert L. TI REVIEW OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) GENETIC COMPLEXITY AND MIGRATION SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; migration; haplotype; cytochrome oxidase I ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HOST STRAINS; SMITH,J.E. LEPIDOPTERA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; I GENE; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; FLORIDA AB The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a significant economic pest in the western hemisphere, causing substantial losses in corn, sorghum, forage, and turf grasses. Although fall armyworm does not survive severe winters, it infests most of the central and eastern United States and Canada because of annual migrations from overwintering sites in Florida and Texas. A detailed description of these movements is a prerequisite for identifying the factors that determine the timing and direction of migration and for developing models that can predict the severity of infestations at the migratory destinations. Complicating this effort is genetic heterogeneity within the species, which increases phenotypic variability. Particularly important are 2 "host strains", defined by a preferential association with either large grasses (designated corn-strain), such as corn and sorghum, or smaller grasses (designated rice-strain), such as rice and bermudagrass. This paper reviews recent studies examining the genetic complexity of fall armyworm populations, including characteristics of the 2 strains and the possibility of subgroups within strains. The use of this information to monitor short and long distance movements is discussed. C1 [Nagoshi, Rodney N.; Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 19 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 546 EP 554 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100005 ER PT J AU Siebert, MW Babock, JM Nolting, S Santos, AC Adamczyk, JJ Neese, PA King, JE Jenkins, JN McCarty, J Lorenz, GM Fromme, DD Lassiter, RB AF Siebert, M. Willrich Babock, J. M. Nolting, S. Santos, A. C. Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Neese, P. A. King, J. E. Jenkins, J. N. McCarty, J. Lorenz, G. M. Fromme, D. D. Lassiter, R. B. TI EFFICACY OF CRY1F INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN IN MAIZE AND COTTON FOR CONTROL OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai; Spodoptera frugiperda; cotton; maize; IPM; Cry1F ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAE; FIELD; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; CULTIVARS AB Efficacy of maize, Zea mays L., hybrids and cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), varieties expressing Cry1F insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. aizawai Berliner (transformation event TC1507 in corn and event DAS-24236-5 in cotton) was evaluated for control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Control of natural and artificial fall armyworm infestations of eggs and various larval stages to 3 Cry1F and non-Bt maize isoline pairs at V4-V7 corn growth stage was evaluated at 10 locations across the United States and Brazil. Varieties producing the Cry1F protein provided high levels of control. Furthermore, control provided by Cry1F-maize hybrids was frequently better than when fall armyworm were managed with 3 applications of foliar insecticides. Efficacy of transgenic Cry1Ac:Cry1F cotton against fall armyworm was evaluated for 5 varieties during anthesis in laboratory and natural infestation field studies in the southern United States. Laboratory colonies of fall armyworm originally collected from corn, bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.), cotton, and royal paulownia, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) and determined to be either the rice or corn-associated host strain, all resulted in low levels of survival when fed matures leaves of Cry1Ac:Cry1F-cotton. In natural infestation studies, levels of fall armyworm in squares (flower buds), flowers, and bolls (fruit), were significantly lower in cotton containing Cry1F as compared to non-Bt cotton. These results demonstrate that maize hybrids and cotton varieties containing Cry1F can be an important component in an overall management program for fall armyworm across a broad range of geographies and crops. C1 [Siebert, M. Willrich; Babock, J. M.; Nolting, S.; Santos, A. C.; Neese, P. A.; King, J. E.; Lassiter, R. B.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Adamczyk, J. J., Jr.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jenkins, J. N.; McCarty, J.] USDA ARS, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Lorenz, G. M.] Univ Arkansas, Lonoke, AR 72086 USA. [Fromme, D. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Uvalde, TX 78802 USA. RP Siebert, MW (reprint author), Dow AgroSci LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM mwillrichsiebert@dow.com NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 555 EP 565 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100006 ER PT J AU Hix, RL Kairo, MT Reitz, S AF Hix, R. L. Kairo, M. T. Reitz, S. TI DOES SECONDARY PLANT METABOLISM PROVIDE A MECHANISM FOR PLANT DEFENSES IN THE TROPICAL SODA APPLE SOLANUM VIARUM (SOLANALES: SOLANACEAE) AGAINST SPODOPTERA EXIGUA AND S-ERIDANIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE induced resistance; secondary plant defenses; night shade; biological control ID TOMATO PLANTS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; INDUCED RESISTANCE; ORAL SECRETIONS; HERBIVORE; INHIBITORS; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; QUALITY; FOLIAGE AB Survival assays were conducted with beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) and southern armyworm S. eridania (Stoll) with tropical soda apple Solanum viarum Dunal, a relative of tomato. In addition, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme assays were conducted to determine if plant defense compounds are being produced by tropical soda apple in response to herbivory. Both S. exigua and S. eridania induced plant defenses in tropical soda apple. Significantly more S. exigua and S. eridania neonate larvae survived to 2(nd) instar on non-induced plants and artificial diet when compared with plants with induced defenses. Tropical soda apple plants fed on by S. exigua and S. eridania had significantly increased PPO activity. C1 [Hix, R. L.; Kairo, M. T.] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, CESTA, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Reitz, S.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Hix, RL (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, CESTA, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 FU USDA-ARS; Florida A M University FX This research was funded in part by the USDA-ARS and Florida A & M University. We thank Mr. George Benn Marshal for technical assistance. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 566 EP 569 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100007 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Mahaffey, JS AF Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Mahaffey, J. S. TI EFFICACY OF VIP3A AND CRY1AB TRANSGENIC TRAITS IN COTTON AGAINST VARIOUS LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEET ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM; NOCTUIDAE; PROTEINS; LARVAE AB From 2004 through 2005, plots of experimental transgenic cotton lines containing the vegetative insecticidal protein, Vip3A; delta-endotoxin, Cry1Ab; and both Vip3A and Cry1Ab were evaluated for efficacy against certain lepidopteran pests. Results showed that the cotton line containing Vip3A was more efficacious against the beet Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) and fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) compared to the Cry1Ab cotton line; however, the Cry1Ab cotton line was more efficacious against the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens F. compared to the cotton line containing Vip3A. Both the Vip3A and Cry1Ab cotton lines provided similar mortality against the bollworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). No synergism between Vip3A and Cry1Ab was observed. C1 [Adamczyk, J. J., Jr.] ARS, USDA, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78501 USA. [Mahaffey, J. S.] Delta & Pine Land Co, Scott, MS 38772 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78501 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100008 ER PT J AU Guedot, C Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, CL AF Guedot, Christelle Landolt, Peter J. Smithhisler, Constance L. TI ODORANTS OF THE FLOWERS OF BUTTERFLY BUSH, BUDDLEJA DAVIDII, AS POSSIBLE ATTRACTANTS OF PEST SPECIES OF MOTHS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; kairomone; floral odor; pollination ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; AUTOGRAPHA-GAMMA LEPIDOPTERA; SILVER-Y-MOTH; ALFALFA LOOPER; FLORAL SCENTS; ANTENNAL RESPONSES; NOCTUIDAE; VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; SINGLE AB Flowers of the butterfly bush, Buddleja davidii Franch., are visited by butterflies as well as other insects. Night captures revealed also that moths visit butterfly bush flowers. Moths captured in traps over flowers included 12 species of Noctuidae, 6 species of Pyralidae 2 species of Geometridae, and 1 tortricid species. The majority of moths trapped at these flowers were cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and alfalfa loopers, Autographa californica (Speyer). Both males and females were captured at butterfly bush flowers. Additionally, butterflies, bees, wasps, flies, and other insects also were captured. Analysis of volatile compounds collected from air over clusters of butterfly bush flowers yielded the consistent presence of nine chemicals: benzaldehyde, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexyl acetate, 4-oxoisophorone, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, (Z)-cinnamaldehyde, dihydrooxoisophorone, beta-cyclocitral, and oxoisophorone oxide. Emitted amounts of these floral odorants averaged 57 ng per h per floret or 21 mu g per h per flower cluster (raceme). Five of those floral chemicals benzaldehyde, 4-oxoisophorone, dihydrooxoisophorone, oxoisophorone oxide, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene triggered antennal responses in cabbage looper moths, while benzaldehyde, oxoisophorone oxide, and 4-oxoisophorone also stimulated antennal responses in alfalfa looper moths. Some of these compounds may be attractants or co-attractants for moths and play a key role in locating flowers as nectar sources. C1 [Guedot, Christelle; Landolt, Peter J.; Smithhisler, Constance L.] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Guedot, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 26 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 576 EP 582 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100009 ER PT J AU Mena-Correa, J Sivinski, J Gates, M Ramirez-Romero, R Aluja, M AF Mena-Correa, J. Sivinski, J. Gates, M. Ramirez-Romero, R. Aluja, M. TI BIOLOGY OF EURYTOMA SIVINSKII, AN UNUSUAL EURYTOMID (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITOID OF FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) PUPAE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; Eurytoma; Eurytomidae; Hymenoptera; natural history; parasitoid; Tephritidae AB The recently described Mexican parasitic wasp Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), attacks Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae in the soil. The life cycle (egg to adult) is completed in 23.1 (+/- 2.1) d (mean +/- S.E.) at 27 +/- 2 degrees C. Females were capable of superparasitism and laid 1-8 eggs per host (2.59 +/- 1.56, mean +/- S.E.), but invariably only 1 adult parasitoid emerged. Oviposition occurred primarily in the medial and posterior portions of the host. Eurytoma sivinskii is ectoparasitic since 100% of the eggs are laid within the internal cavity of the puparium and on the surface of the pupa of the host fly. In no case were first and second instars parasitized. However, 1 third-instar out of 625 fly pupae exposed, yielded a single parasitoid per host. Eight-day-old pupae yielded the most parasitoids although females laid eggs in 1-d- to 14-d-old pupae. There were no significant differences in rates of parasitism among female E. sivinskii of different ages. Adults derived from eggs laid in the posterior region developed more rapidly, but adult sex ratio and percent of emergence were the same in both posterior and medially laid eggs. Regardless of oviposition location, adults were more likely to emerge through the middle of the puparium. C1 [Mena-Correa, J.; Ramirez-Romero, R.; Aluja, M.] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Gates, M.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx FU Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); INECOL; Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad [FB325/H296/96]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico [SIG96001/ 96-01-003-V] FX Larissa Guillen, Andrea Birke, and Guadalupe Cordova (Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (INECOL) helped organize experiments and provided critical advice along the way. We gratefully acknowledge the technical help of Armando Torres Anaya, Cecilia Martinez Arcos, Jovita Martinez Tlapa, and Sandi Mendez Trejo (INECOL) who helped rear the parasitoids and their hosts. We gratefully acknowledge the useful suggestions for improvement by James L. Nation, Alberto Anzures-Dadda and 2 anonymous referees that helped us produce a better quality paper. Alberto Anzures-Dadda also provided invaluable help while preparing the revised version of this paper. Financial support for this study was principally furnished by the Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA). Additional funds were provided by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and INECOL. We acknowledge partial financial support from the Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO; Proyect No. FB325/H296/96) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO, Project No. SIG96001/ 96-01-003-V). Information reported here forms part of the undergraduate thesis of JMC (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [UNAM]), directed by MA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100012 ER PT J AU Rohrig, E Sivinski, J Wharton, R AF Rohrig, Eric Sivinski, John Wharton, Robert TI COMPARISON OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA CAPTURED IN MALAISE TRAPS BAITED WITH TWO FLOWERING PLANTS, LOBULARIA MARITIMA (BRASSICALES: BRASSICACEAE) AND SPERMACOCE VERTICILLATA (GENTIANALES: RUBIACEAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; Ichneumonidae; Chalcidoidea; conservation biological control ID DIADEGMA-INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; ALYSSUM FLOWERS; FOOD SOURCES; LONGEVITY; ICHNEUMONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; FECUNDITY; WASPS; TEPHRITIDAE AB Many adult hymenopterous parasitoids feed on floral nectar, and occasionally pollen. However, flowers differ in both accessibility and attractiveness to these insects. Malaise traps, a type of "passive/interception" trap, were baited with potted flowering plants, Lobularia maritima L. (Brassicaceae) or Spermacoce verticillata L. (Rubiaceae), or left unbaited as controls. These plants have different floral structures, but both have been previously used as food-plants for biological control agents. In general, L. maritima captured more Braconidae, particularly Opiinae, than either alternative. Species of this subfamily attack Diptera and certain species are important natural enemies of pest Tephritidae. The roles of plant attractiveness (volatiles) and architecture (trap access) are discussed, as is the possibility of employing L. maritima and/or its products in monitoring or maintaining fruit fly parasitoids. C1 [Rohrig, Eric] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rohrig, Eric; Sivinski, John] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Wharton, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Rohrig, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 621 EP 627 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100015 ER PT J AU Chong, JH Roda, AL Mannion, CM AF Chong, Juang-Horng Roda, Amy L. Mannion, Catharine M. TI MORTALITY OF THE LOBATE LAC SCALE, PARATACHARDINA PSEUDOLOBATA (HEMIPTERA: KERRIIDAE), AT NEAR OR BELOW FREEZING TEMPERATURES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE lobate lac scale; invasive organism; temperature tolerance; low temperature sensitivity; Paratachardina pseudolobata AB The ability of the invasive lobate lac scale, Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan, to survive exposure to near or below freezing temperatures (-25, -15, -10, -5, 0, 5, and 10 degrees C) for extended durations (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) was assessed in the laboratory. Exposure at 10 degrees C for 6 to 72 h did not cause significant mortality in immature and adult lobate lac scales. All nymphs and adults were killed after exposure to very low temperatures (-25 to -10 degrees C) for 6 h. All nymphs were killed within 24 h at -5, 0, and 5 degrees C, while about 2% of adults were still alive after 72 h at 0 and 5 degrees C. Results suggested that the range expansion of the lobate lac scale in the United States will be limited by winter temperature. The lobate lac scale may have a higher potential to invade areas where the average winter temperature do not drop below freezing for an extended duration (3 or more consecutive days), such as southern Florida, Rio Grande Valley in Texas, and Colorado river Delta between California and Arizona. C1 [Chong, Juang-Horng] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Roda, Amy L.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Chong, JH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM juanghc@clemson.edu FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ Eastern Region and University of Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences FX We appreciate the technical assistance of Luis Bradshaw (University of Florida) and Jeffrey Tefel (USDA-ARS-SHRS) and the review of an earlier draft of this manuscript by Ken Bloem of USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST and 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding for this study was provided by a cooperative agreement between USDA-APHIS-PPQ Eastern Region and University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 674 EP 678 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100023 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Carpenter, JE AF Marti, Orville G. Carpenter, James E. TI REARING CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ON A FACTITIOUS MERIDIC DIET AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND LARVAL DENSITIES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Cactoblastis; Opuntia; artificial diet; mass rearing; temperature; crowding; invasive organism ID BODY-SIZE; ARTIFICIAL DIET; CACTUS MOTH; MANAGEMENT; FECUNDITY; INSECTS AB Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) is an invasive pest that represents an economic and ecological threat to native cacti in the U. S. and Mexico and that is currently the object of an eradication/control program in both countries. One tactic used to mitigate the threat of this species involves the SIT (Sterile Insect Technique), in which large numbers of larvae are reared on artificial diet or cactus cladodes, preferably the former, and released as sterile adults to mate with wild individuals at or near the leading edge of invasion. We studied combinations of 3 different rearing temperatures (22, 26, and 29 degrees C) and 3 different crowding levels (50, 215, and 500 eggs) to determine percent survival to the adult stage, pupal size of each gender, and fecundity of C. cactorum reared on a factitious meridic diet. Temperature and crowding levels affected survival. The lowest rearing temperature and the low and high crowding levels adversely affect survival. Female pupae were larger than male pupae, and pupal size of males, but not females, was affected by rearing temperature, with smaller male pupae produced at the lowest temperature. Length and width, but not weight, of female pupae were affected by crowding levels, with slightly larger pupae produced at the intermediate level. For both genders, there was significant regression of pupal weight on percent survival, with larger pupae produced from treatment combinations that produced higher percent survival to the adult stage. Number of eggs laid per female was positively correlated with weight of the female as a pupa. C1 [Marti, Orville G.; Carpenter, James E.] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 679 EP 685 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100024 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE War, M Favela, A AF Shelly, Todd E. War, Mamadou Favela, Alicia TI EXPOSING ENTIRE ADULT HOLDING ROOMS CONTAINING STERILE MALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLIES TO ORANGE OIL INCREASES THE MATING SUCCESS OF THOSE MALES IN FIELD-CAGE TRIALS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; sterile insect technique; orange oil; mating ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; FLY DIPTERA; COMPETITIVENESS; TEPHRITIDAE; AROMATHERAPY; EXPOSURE AB A previous study demonstrated that exposing entire rooms holding mass-reared males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), to the aroma of ginger root oil increased mating success relative to that observed for non-exposed males. Here, we followed the same experimental protocol to test whether the aroma of orange oil similarly enhanced male mating performance. Working at an eclosion facility in California, we exposed trailers (132 m(3)) containing approximate to 14 million C. capitata males from a genetic sexing (tsl, temperature sensitive lethal) strain to orange oil aroma for 24 h and compared mating success of non-exposed or ginger root oil-exposed tsl males in field-cage trials (in which tsl males competed against males from a standard, bisexual strain for females from this same standard strain). Both orange oil- and ginger root oil-exposed tsl males achieved a significantly greater proportion of the total matings than non-exposed (to any aroma) tsl males. No difference in relative mating success was observed between orange oil- and ginger root oil-exposed tsl males. As orange oil is considerably less expensive than ginger root oil, its use could reduce costs substantially. C1 [Shelly, Todd E.] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [War, Mamadou; Favela, Alicia] Cooperat Medfly Exclus Program, CDFA, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 686 EP 689 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100025 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD AF Pratt, Paul D. Rayamajhi, Min B. Center, Ted D. TI GEOGRAPHIC RANGE EXPANSION OF OXYOPS VITIOSA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) TO THE BAHAMIAN ARCHIPELAGO SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; INVASIVE TREE; INTRODUCED INSECTS; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; SOUTH FLORIDA; HERBIVORY; ALLOCATION; HEMIPTERA; PSYLLIDAE C1 [Pratt, Paul D.; Rayamajhi, Min B.; Center, Ted D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 695 EP 697 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100028 ER PT J AU Hay-Roe, MM AF Hay-Roe, Mirian Medina TI RACES OF HELICONIUS ERATO (NYMPHALIDAE: HELICONIINAE) FOUND ON DIFFERENT SIDES OF THE ANDES SHOW WING SIZE DIFFERENCES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID BUTTERFLIES; EVOLUTION C1 [Hay-Roe, Mirian Medina] Univ Florida, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hay-Roe, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 711 EP 712 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100033 ER PT J AU Golan, E Unnevehr, L AF Golan, Elise Unnevehr, Laurian TI Food product composition, consumer health, and public policy: Introduction and overview of special section SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Diet quality; Food composition; Agricultural policy; Nutrition labeling; Nutrition education AB As efforts to improve diets in high income countries intensify, attention has turned to how policies may influence diet composition. The case studies in this special issue contribute to our understanding of how two main types of policies have influenced food product composition and dietary outcomes: (1) policies affecting food manufacturers' input costs and (2) information policy affecting competition. Research oil the first type of policy is relatively new, but Suggests that US commodity policies would not be good policy instruments to influence diets, except through the long run impacts of agricultural research. Research oil the impacts of information policy continues to demonstrate that it can spur food industry competition to introduce healthier products, but may not result in healthier diets. International comparisons show where the US experience may have relevance for other high income Countries. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Golan, Elise; Unnevehr, Laurian] Univ Illinois, Econ Res Serv, USDA, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Unnevehr, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Econ Res Serv, USDA, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, 326 Mumford Hall,1301 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lunnevehr@ers.usda.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.05.004 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 381WP UT WOS:000261566900001 ER PT J AU Mancino, L Kuchler, F Leibtag, E AF Mancino, Lisa Kuchler, Fred Leibtag, Ephraim TI Getting consumers to eat more whole-grains: The role of policy, information, and food manufacturers SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Whole-grains; Dietary guidelines; Food policy; Competition ID CONSUMPTION; DEMAND; HEALTH AB The 2005 Dietary Guidelines were unique because they offered quantitative recommendations for consumption of whole-grains. This case Study examines the hypothesis that the changed recommendations were responsible for the recent increase in retail sales and consumption of whole-grain food products. We find that release of the Dietary Guidelines and related media attention did increase availability and sales of whole-grain foods. A large impact on consumption occurred through reformulation of existing products, induced by competition among food Suppliers. This Study reveals the key role product reformulation plays in inter-firm competition and in realization of dietary changes recommended by public policy, Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mancino, Lisa; Kuchler, Fred; Leibtag, Ephraim] Econ Res Serv, Food Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Mancino, L (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Food Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St,NW Room N2098, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM LMancino@ers.usda.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.05.005 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 381WP UT WOS:000261566900004 ER PT J AU Yen, ST Lin, BH Davis, CG AF Yen, Steven T. Lin, Biing-Hwan Davis, Christopher G. TI Consumer knowledge and meat consumption at home and away from home SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Censored dependent variables; Dietary knowledge; Maximum Simulated likelihood; Meat demand; Simultaneous-equations system ID NON-NEGATIVITY CONSTRAINTS; FOOD LABEL USE; HEALTH INFORMATION; NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE; DEMAND SYSTEMS; DIETARY FIBER; REGRESSION; MODEL; FATS; OILS AB We investigate the roles Of Consumer knowledge and sociodemographic factors in the consumption of meat products at home and away from home. Censored dependent variables and endogenous dietary knowledge are accommodated by developing and estimating a simultaneous-equations system. Results suggest endogeneity of knowledge and support the system approach to demand functions for meat products. Dietary knowledge decreases consumption of beef and pork at home and away from home but does not affect Poultry or fish consumption in either location. Men cat more meat and fish than women, meat consumption declines with age, and regional and racial/ethnic differences are present. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yen, Steven T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lin, Biing-Hwan; Davis, Christopher G.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Yen, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, 302 Morgan Hall,2621 Morgan Circle, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM syen@utk.edu NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.02.006 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 381WP UT WOS:000261566900020 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Bhagwat, AA Injaian, L Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Fratamico, Pina M. Bhagwat, Arvind A. Injaian, Lisa Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Swine Feces SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; ACID RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE GENES; EDEMA DISEASE; MULTIPLEX PCR; FECAL SAMPLES; PIGS; ANIMALS; ASSOCIATION AB The virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains belonging to 58 different O:H serotypes (219 strains) isolated from swine feces were determined. Of the 219 isolates, 29 (1.3%) carried the stx(1) gene, 14 (6%) stx(2), 176 (80%) stx(2e), 46 (21%) estIa, 14 (6.4%) estIb, 10 (4.6%) fedA, 94 (42.9%) astA, 25 (11.4%) hly(933), and one (0.46%) cdt-III. None of the strains possessed the elf, bfp, faeG, fanA, fasA, fimF(41a), cnf-1, cnf-2, eae, cdt-I, or cdt-IV genes. The strains were also tested for antibiotic Susceptibility using 16 antibiotics. The STEC isolates displayed resistance most often to tetracycline (95.4%), sulfamethoxazole (53.4%), kanamycin (38.4%), streptomycin (34.7%), and chloramphenicol (22.4%). Ail E. coli serotype O20:H42 strain, which was positive for stx(2e), and astA, was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested except for amikacin. In addition, 52 of the swine isolates, representing 16 serogroups and 30 different serotypes, were examined for their ability to withstand acid challenge by three types of acid resistance (AR) pathways, AR1 (rpoS dependent), AR2 (glutamate dependent), and AR3 (arginine dependent). None of the strains was defective in the AR1 resistance pathway, while one strain was defective in the AR2 pathway under aerobic growth conditions but fully functional under anaerobic growth conditions. Among the three AR pathways, the AR3 pathway offered the least protection, and 8 out of 52 strains were defective in this pathway. The strain that was defective in AR2 was fully functional in the AR3 pathway. Since AR plays a vital role in the survival and virulence of these strains, differences among the isolates to induce AR pathways may play a significant role in determining their infective dose. This study demonstrates that swine STEC comprise a heterogeneous group of organisms, and the possession of different combinations of E. coli virulence genes indicate that some swine STEC can potentially cause human illness. C1 [Fratamico, Pina M.; Injaian, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 827 EP 838 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0147 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 388OF UT WOS:000262028400014 PM 18991545 ER PT J AU Balci, Y Balci, S MacDonald, WL Gottschalk, KW AF Balci, Y. Balci, S. MacDonald, W. L. Gottschalk, K. W. TI Relative susceptibility of oaks to seven species of Phytophthora isolated from oak forest soils SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED OAK; SEASONAL-CHANGES; QUERCUS-ROBUR; ROOT DAMAGE; INK DISEASE; CINNAMOMI; PATHOGENICITY; DECLINE; ASSOCIATION; CHESTNUT AB Isolates of Phytophthora cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. citricola, P. europaea, P. quercetorum and two unidentified species were tested for their pathogenicity to eastern US oak species by root and stem inoculations. Experiments were conducted during two different periods and included 1-, 2- and 20-year-old oaks grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Species of Phytophthora were pathogenic in varying degrees to the oak species tested. All species were pathogenic to fine and taproots of at least one oak species. The fine root damage caused by the species of Phytophthora ranged from 9 to 55% when compared to the controls. Roots were more susceptible during the fall inoculation period than the summer. With exception of Phytophthora sp1 and P. quercina-like, all species of Phytophthora were pathogenic to oak stems with P. cinnamomi and P. citricola being the most aggressive. Quercus montana and Q. rubra were the most susceptible oak species to stem inoculation. Lesion sizes were considerably larger when 20-year-old trees were inoculated. Generally, no significant differences in lesion sizes were detected in greenhouse tests when the summer and fall inoculation periods were compared. However, on 2-year-old field-grown seedlings, lesion sizes were considerably smaller or not significantly different from controls during the fall inoculation period, suggesting lower, late season temperatures may restrict lesion development. C1 [Balci, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Balci, S.; MacDonald, W. L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Gottschalk, K. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Balci, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ybalci@umd.edu RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 FU USDA-Forest Service Northern Research Station [NRS-4557]; West Virginia [05-JV-11242328-060] FX This research was made possible by funding from the USDA-Forest Service Northern Research Station, NRS-4557 work unit in Morgantown, West Virginia (05-JV-11242328-060). Special thanks are given to Anthony Barker an undergraduate laboratory assistant at WVU for his help with inoculation routines and the greenhouse personnel for their help in maintaining the plants. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 394 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00559.x PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 377KH UT WOS:000261249600003 ER PT J AU Scholl, MS Wiedenbeck, JK Blankenhorn, PR Ray, CD Stover, LR Beakler, BW AF Scholl, Matthew S. Wiedenbeck, Janice K. Blankenhorn, Paul R. Ray, Charles D. Stover, Lee R. Beakler, Brian W. TI A comparison of kiln-drying schedules and quality outcomes for 4/4-thickness black cherry lumber sawn from small-diameter logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY; HARDWOOD AB With high stumpage prices, many sawmills are interested in the feasibility of processing smaller diameter hardwood logs. Most of these mills do not know the lumber yield, lumber grade, or cost of processing these logs. In this project we investigated the impact of alternative dry kiln schedules oil the grade yields and defect occurrence in lumber sawn from small-diameter (logs with small-end diameters of 11 inches or less) black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) logs. The position within the log from which each board was sawn was mapped in relation to the profile of the logs. Every board was examined for end checks, surface checks, shake, twist, bow, cup, crook, and assigned a predrying grade. The lumber was dried using a conventional black cherry kiln schedule published in the Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (Simpson 1991) and two modified kiln schedules designed to dry lumber under milder drying conditions compared to the conventional schedule. The modified kiln schedules maintained equilibrium moisture content (EMC) conditions that were comparable to those of the conventional kiln schedules for each of the drying steps. After drying, each board was again examined for end checks, surface checks, shake, twist, bow, cup, crook, and assigned a postdrying grade Modified kiln schedule #1, in which the final dry-bulb temperature was lowered 20 F froth that of the conventional schedule, provided the best drying results in terms of the reduction in defects and minimization of grade loss as compared to the conventional (T4-D8) cherry schedule. Overall, for all three kiln treatments, lumber grade yield increased with increasing log diameter and log grade, and it improved in the direction of pith to bark. This study will provide the hardwood products industry with a better understanding of the feasibility of and approach for processing lumber from small-diameter black cherry logs. C1 [Scholl, Matthew S.; Blankenhorn, Paul R.; Ray, Charles D.; Stover, Lee R.; Beakler, Brian W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wiedenbeck, Janice K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. RP Scholl, MS (reprint author), Georgia Pacific Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. EM msscholl@gapac.com; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us; prb@psu.edu; cdr14@psu.edu; lrs4@psu.edu; bwbeakler@armstrong.com FU USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Research Sta. (now Northern Research Sta.) FX The authors also would like to acknowledge the USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Research Sta. (now Northern Research Sta.) for their funding support for this project. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 12 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 393KC UT WOS:000262371200004 ER PT J AU Daneshgar, P Jose, S Collins, A Ramsey, C AF Daneshgar, Pedram Jose, Shibu Collins, Alexandra Ramsey, Craig TI Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), an Alien Invasive Grass, Reduces Survival and Productivity of an Establishing Pine Forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cogongrass; Pinus taeda; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; soil water potential; foliar nitrogen ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; USA; GRADIENT; GROWTH; TAEDA AB A 27-month-long study was conducted to compare the impacts of Impereact cylindrica (L.) (Beauv.) and native vegetation competition on the productivity of Pinits taeda (L.) seedlings. In March 2003, 1-year-old pine seedlings were planted in the following treatments: vegetation free (VF), native competition (NC), and I. cylindrica (IQ competition. At the end of the study, only 26% of the IC seedlings survived, half of what was observed in the NC treatment. The IC seedlings had significantly smaller root collar diameter than the NC seedlings (P < 0.0001) after the first growing season and by the end of the third growing season the height and stern volume index were significantly less as well (P < 0.0001). After one full growing season, the NC and IC pine seedlings had 21 and 11.5% of the total biomass of the VF seedlings, respectively. After three growing seasons, the IC pine seedling total biomass was 2.4% of that of the VF seedlings and 18% of that of the NC seedlings (P < 0.0001). The greatest difference was in the pine needle biomass with the IC pine needle biomass being only 11% of that of the NC. During the first growing season, the IC pine seedlings maintained the lowest levels of light-saturated net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. These results may be explained by reduced amounts of foliar nitrogen and water stress that result from L cylindrica competition. The pines in the IC treatment had the lowest total foliar surface area and the lowest specific leaf area, which may explain the reduced productivity. Evidence from this study suggests that L clylindrica competition significantly reduces the productivity and growth of P. taeda seedlings compared with that from native vegetation. FOR. Sci. 54(6):579-587. C1 [Daneshgar, Pedram; Jose, Shibu] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Collins, Alexandra] Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Ramsey, Craig] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Daneshgar, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 351 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pesdram_daneshgar@yahoo.com; sjose@ufl.edu; robin.collins@uvm.edu; Craig.L.Ramsey@aphis.usda.gov FU College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Florida FX We thank Greg Leach, Marshall Jacobson, and Bill Garbett for their help at various stages of this project. The project was funded in part by International Paper, Plurn Creek, and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Florida. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 579 EP 587 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 387AQ UT WOS:000261924500002 ER PT J AU Gould, P Johnson, R Marshall, D Johnson, G AF Gould, Peter Johnson, Randy Marshall, David Johnson, Greg TI Estimation of Genetic-Gain Multipliers for Modeling Douglas-Fir Height and Diameter Growth SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tree improvement; growth models; progeny tests; Pacific Northwest ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; REALIZED GAIN; PREDICTION; YIELD; TESTS; TREES; PLOTS AB Methods were developed to calculate genetic-gain multipliers for use in individual-tree models that predict periodic height and diameter growth of coast Douorlas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Pacific Northwest. Genetic-gain multipliers are used in growth models that are typically based on extensive measurements of unimproved or "woods-run" stands, to adjust for the increased growth of stands generated from improved seedlots. First-generation progeny test data from multiple breeding zones in the Northwest Tree Improvement Cooperative were used. Data sets included initial heights and diameters and 5-year growth increments for 10- and 15-year-old trees that were identified by open-pollinated families. Nonlinear mixed-effect models were initially developed to predict the average growth of trees in all families, which, taken together, represented woods-run populations. Phenotypic differences in growth rates were then calculated at the family level. Differences among families in height and diameter growth rates were examined using methods from quantitative genetics and raw phenotypic values. Because gain in total height and diameter at age 10 years is currently the most widely available genetic information for improved Douglas-fir, equations were developed to predict genctic-gain multipliers from family breeding values for these traits. A verification procedure illustrated how incorporating multipliers in growth projections could reduce the mean-square error of predicted growth of selected families. FOR. Sci. 54(6):588-596. C1 [Gould, Peter] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia Forest Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Gould, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia Forest Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM pgould@fs.fed.us; randyjohnson@fs.fed.us; David.Marshal12@weyerhaeuser.com; greg.johnson8@weyerhaeuser.com NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 588 EP 596 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 387AQ UT WOS:000261924500003 ER PT J AU Pflugmacher, D Cohen, W Kennedy, R Lefsky, M AF Pflugmacher, Dirk Cohen, Warren Kennedy, Robert Lefsky, Michael TI Regional Applicability of Forest Height and Aboveground Biomass Models for the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lidar; Geoscience Laser Altimeter System; forest height; forest biomass; remote sensing ID LANDSAT-TM; VEGETATION; LIDAR; RADAR; ESTIMATORS; INVENTORY; BALANCE; BOREAL; SINKS; AREA AB Accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass are needed to reduce uncertainties in global and regional terrestrial carbon fluxes. In this study we investigated the utility of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite for large-scale biomass inventories. GLAS is the first spaceborne lidar sensor that will provide global estimates of forest height. We compared accuracy and regional variability of GLAS height estimates with data from the US Forest Service Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and found that current GLAS algorithms provided generally accurate estimates of height. GLAS heights were oil average 2-3 m lower than FIA estimates. To translate GLAS-estimated heights into forest biomass will require general allometric equations. Analysis of the regional variability of forest height-biornass relationships using FIA field data indicates that general nonspecies specific equations are applicable without a significant loss of prediction accuracy. We developed biomass models from FIA data and applied them to the GLAS-estimated heights. Regional estimates of forest biomass from GLAS differed between 39.7 and 58.2 Mg ha(-1) compared with FIA. FOR. Sci. 54(6):647-657. C1 [Pflugmacher, Dirk] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cohen, Warren; Kennedy, Robert] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lefsky, Michael] Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ctr Ecol Anal Lidar, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pflugmacher, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dirk.pflugmacher@oregonstate.edu; warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu; robert.kennedy@fs.fed.us; lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009 FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program FX This research was funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. We thank David Turner and three reviewers fortheir comments oil an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 647 EP 657 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 387AQ UT WOS:000261924500009 ER PT J AU Pendall, E Rustad, L Schimel, J AF Pendall, Elise Rustad, Lindsey Schimel, Josh TI Towards a predictive understanding of belowground process responses to climate change: have we moved any closer? SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE soil organic matter; soil respiration; microbial community; global change; global warming; carbon cycle; root; mycorrhiza; biogeochemical cycle ID CO2 AB Belowground processes, including root production and exudation, microbial activity and community dynamics, and biogeochemical cycling interact to help regulate climate change. Feedbacks associated with these processes, such as warming-enhanced decomposition rates, give rise to major uncertainties in predictions of future climate. Uncertainties associated with these processes are more likely to be reduced if two key challenges can be met: increasing interdisciplinarity among researchers, and measuring belowground ecosystem structure and function at relevant spatial and temporal scales. For instance, recognizing the relationship between belowground primary production and soil respiration enhances modelling of global-scale C cycle temperature responses. At the opposite end of the spectrum, applying genomic techniques at the scale of microns improves mechanistic understanding of root-microbe interactions. Progress has been made in understanding interactions of belowground processes with climate change, although challenges remain. We highlight some of these advances and provide directions for key research needs in this Special Feature of Functional Ecology, which results from a symposium that was convened at the Soil Science Society of America National Meeting in November, 2006. C1 [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rustad, Lindsey] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schimel, Josh] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM pendall@uwyo.edu OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01506.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369CE UT WOS:000260670000001 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Giardina, CP AF Litton, C. M. Giardina, C. P. TI Below-ground carbon flux and partitioning: global patterns and response to temperature SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE below-ground carbon cycling; below-ground net primary production (BNPP); carbon allocation; gross primary production (GPP); mean annual temperature (MAT); total below-ground carbon flux (TBCF) ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; PINE PINUS-ELLIOTTII; SOIL RESPIRATION; FINE-ROOT; DOUGLAS-FIR; USE EFFICIENCY; ALLOCATION PATTERNS; PLANT RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB The fraction of gross primary production (GPP) that is total below-ground carbon flux (TBCF) and the fraction of TBCF that is below-ground net primary production (BNPP) represent globally significant C fluxes that are fundamental in regulating ecosystem C balance. However, global estimates of the partitioning of GPP to TBCF and of TBCF to BNPP, as well as the absolute size of these fluxes, remain highly uncertain. Efforts to model below-ground processes are hindered by methodological difficulties for estimating below-ground C cycling, the complexity of below-ground interactions, and an incomplete understanding of the response of GPP, TBCF and BNPP to climate change. Due to a paucity of available data, many terrestrial ecosystem models and ecosystem-level studies of whole stand C use efficiency rely on assumptions that: (i) C allocation patterns across large geographic, climatic and taxonomic scales are fixed; and (ii) c. 50% of TBCF is BNPP. Here, we examine available information on GPP, TBCF, BNPP, TBCF : GPP and BNPP : TBCF from a diverse global data base of forest ecosystems to understand patterns in below-ground C flux and partitioning, and their response to mean annual temperature (MAT). MAT and mean annual precipitation (MAP) covaried strongly across the global forest data base (37 mm increase in MAP for every 1 degrees C increase in MAT). In all analyses, however, MAT was the most important variable explaining observed patterns in below-ground C processes. GPP, TBCF and BNPP all increased linearly across the global scale range of MAT. TBCF : GPP increased significantly with MAT for temperate and tropical ecosystems (> 5 degrees C), but variability was high across the data set. BNPP : TBCF varied from 0.26 to 0.53 across the entire MAT gradient (-5 to 30 degrees C), with a much narrower range of 0.42 to 0.53 for temperate and tropical ecosystems (5 to 30 degrees C). Variability in the data sets was moderate and clear exceptions to the general patterns exist that likely relate to other factors important for determining below-ground C flux and partitioning, in particular water availability and nutrient supply. Still, our results highlight global patterns in below-ground C flux and partitioning in forests in response to MAT that in part confirm previously held assumptions. C1 [Litton, C. M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Giardina, C. P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM litton@hawaii.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0816486]; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management; Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service FX We thank Dr Elise G. Pendall and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments made to an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Ecosystem Science Cluster, DEB-0816486), the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service. NR 95 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 941 EP 954 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01479.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369CE UT WOS:000260670000002 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Pendall, E Mosier, AR King, JY Milchunas, DG Morgan, JA AF Dijkstra, F. A. Pendall, E. Mosier, A. R. King, J. Y. Milchunas, D. G. Morgan, J. A. TI Long-term enhancement of N availability and plant growth under elevated CO(2) in a semi-arid grassland SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; (15)N tracer; nitrogen mineralization; nitrogen uptake; soil moisture ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; WATER RELATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSES AB While rising atmospheric CO(2) has the potential to enhance plant growth and biomass accumulation, rates of these processes may be constrained by soil nitrogen (N) availability. Despite much effort, it is still uncertain how elevated CO(2) affects long-term soil N dynamics. We used open-top chambers to examine the effect of 5 years of elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration (720 vs. 368 p.p.m.) on N dynamics in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem in north-eastern Colorado, USA. In the first year 0.5 g m(-2) of ammonium nitrate-N, 99.9 atom% (15)N, was added to each plot. We examined the effect of elevated CO(2) on N mineralization and plant N uptake by tracking the labelled and total N in plant and soil over the following 5 years. Plant growth and plant N uptake remained significantly higher under elevated than under ambient CO(2). The fraction of labelled N (expressed per unit of total N) in above-ground biomass declined over time, and this decline was greater under elevated CO(2). The amount and fraction of labelled N in the soil did not change with time and was unaffected by elevated CO(2). These results suggest that with time, N released from mineralization in the soil diluted the labelled N in above-ground biomass and that this dilution effect caused by N mineralization was greater under elevated CO(2). More of the mineralized N ended up in the above-ground biomass of Stipa comata and forbs (C(3)) than in Bouteloua gracilis (C(4)) under elevated CO(2). Increased soil moisture under elevated CO(2) likely supported higher rates of N mineralization, thereby reducing N constraints on plant growth. Therefore, in semi-arid systems, plant growth and species composition responses to elevated CO(2) may be more persistent than in mesic systems where N mineralization is less constrained by soil moisture. C1 [Dijkstra, F. A.; Morgan, J. A.] USDA ARS, Rangel & Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pendall, E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, E.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mosier, A. R.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [King, J. Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [King, J. Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Milchunas, D. G.] Colorado State Univ, Forest Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Milchunas, D. G.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangel & Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015; OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU NSF-TECO [IBN-9524068, DEB-9708596]; Shortgrass Steppe LTER Project [DEB-9350273] FX We thank Mary Ashby, Jeff Thomas, Dan LeCain, Jim Nelson, Mary Smith, Susan Crookall, Larry Tisue, Stacey Poland and David Jensen for technical assistance. Special thanks to David Augustine, Dana Blumenthal, Richard Gill, Paul Newton and two anonymous reviewers for critical reviews of a previous version of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by NSF-TECO IBN-9524068, NSF DEB-9708596 and the Shortgrass Steppe LTER Project DEB-9350273. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 975 EP 982 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01398.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369CE UT WOS:000260670000005 ER PT J AU Cordell, S Sandquist, DR AF Cordell, S. Sandquist, D. R. TI The impact of an invasive African bunchgrass (Pennisetum setaceum) on water availability and productivity of canopy trees within a tropical dry forest in Hawaii SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tropical dry forest; invasive species; competition; stable oxygen isotopes; water use ID EXOTIC GRASSES; RESOURCE-USE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; USE EFFICIENCY; ALIEN GRASS; SAVANNA; ECOSYSTEMS AB Tropical dry forests are among the Earth's most threatened ecosystems. On the Island of Hawaii the African bunchgrass Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) dominates the understorey of the few remaining fragments of native dry forests and is contributing to the degradation of this once diverse ecosystem. In this study, we examined the impacts of Pennisetum on water use and productivity of the dominant native canopy tree, Diospyros sandwicensis. Over a 3-year period, measurements were made on tree growth rates, and physiological and morphological responses of the most common dry forest native tree, D. sandwicensis, growing with an understorey dominated by Pennisetum, and on trees growing in plots maintained free of grasses. Analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios indicated that trees growing in the absence of Pennisetum used a higher proportion of water from shallow soil sources. They also sustained higher mid-day water potentials, especially during drier periods. At the leaf level, no significant differences were found in gas exchange measurements between Diospyros trees growing with or without Pennisetum. However, trees growing without Pennisetum had 30% lower leaf mass per unit area and 40% higher diameter growth than trees growing with Pennisetum. These results demonstrate that invasion by Pennisetum has a pronounced negative impact on resource acquisition and use by the dominant native tree of this dry forest ecosystem. Although tree death due to these impacts would be much slower than through more immediate processes such as fire and grazing, our findings suggest that long-term conservation of ecosystems threatened by invasions, such those in Hawaiian dry forests, will ultimately require active management of the invading species. C1 [Cordell, S.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. [Sandquist, D. R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Cordell, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. EM scordell01@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0129326]; USDA [NRI 2002-00631] FX We wish to thank Don Goo, Alan Urakami, Brian Kiyabu, Lisa Hadway, Bob Cabin, Creighton Litton, Jarrod Thaxton, Shaun Evola, Kris Jennings, Nicole Cervin, Jenny McClay, Kenia Melgar and Colleen Cole for field and laboratory assistance. Becky Ostertag, Christian Giardina, Jarrod Thaxton and Creighton Litton provided helpful comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Funding was provided by a grant (NSF-DEB-0129326) from the Ecosystem Sciences Program of the National Science Foundation and USDA grant NRI 2002-00631. We also gratefully acknowledge assistance from the North Kona Dry Forest Working Group, Kamehameha Schools, PIA Kona Limited Partnership and the National Tropical Botanical Garden. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1017 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01471.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369CE UT WOS:000260670000009 ER PT J AU Mertens, JA Burdick, RC Rooney, AP AF Mertens, Jeffrey A. Burdick, Ryan C. Rooney, Alejandro P. TI Identification, biochemical characterization, and evolution of the Rhizopus oryzae 99-880 polygalacturonase gene family SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polygalacturonase; Family 28 glycosyl hydrolase; Rhizopus oryzae; Recombinant protein expression; Pichia pastoris ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; FUNGAL POLYGALACTURONASES; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE II; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; SEQUENCE; CLONING; CLASSIFICATION AB A search of the recently sequenced Rhizopus oryzae strain 99-880 genome database uncovered 18 putative polygalacturonase genes with two genes being identical and only one with similarity to a previously reported R. oryzae polygalacturonase gene. The 17 different genes share 50% to greater than 90% identity at the nucleotide level as well as the deduced protein sequence level. The cDNA of the different genes was isolated directly or recombinantly and used to express the encoded proteins in Pichia pastoris. Recombinant protein expression demonstrated that 15 of the 17 genes encode active enzymes with twelve genes encoding for endo-polygalacturonase enzymes and three genes encoding for exo-polygalacturonase enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the genes form a distinct monophyletic group among fungal polygalacturonase enzymes. Finally, our results also suggest that the ancestral form of polygalacturonase in fungi is endolytic and exolytic function evolved later, at least two independent times. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mertens, Jeffrey A.; Burdick, Ryan C.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mertens, JA (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jeffrey.mertens@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1616 EP 1624 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.09.009 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 382JO UT WOS:000261602300011 PM 18935968 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Barkley, NA Gillaspie, GA Pederson, GA AF Wang, Ming Li Barkley, Noelle A. Gillaspie, Graves A. Pederson, Gary A. TI Phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of the USDA Vigna germplasm collection revealed by gene-derived markers and sequencing SO GENETICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COWPEA BREEDING LINES; RAPD MARKERS; SUBGENUS CERATOTROPIS; AFLP ANALYSIS; SSR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ISOENZYME DIVERSITY; ANGULARIS COMPLEX; SAVI FABACEAE; WILLD. OHWI AB Phylogenetic relationships in the USDA Vigna germplasm collection are somewhat unclear and their genetic diversity has not been measured empirically. To reveal interspecific phylogenetic relationships and assess their genetic diversity, 48 accessions representing 12 Vigna species were selected, and 30 gene-derived markers from legumes were employed. Some high-quality amplicons were sequenced. Indels (insertion/deletions) were discovered from the sequence alignments that were specific identifiers for some Vigna species. With regard to revealing polymorphisms, intron-spanning markers were more effective than exon-derived markers. These gene-derived markers were more successful in revealing interspecific polymorphisms than intraspecific polymorphisms at both the DNA fragment and sequence levels. Two different dendrograms were generated from DNA fragment data and sequence data, respectively. The results from these two dendrograms Supported each other and showed similar phylogenetic relationships among the Vigna species investigated. The accessions clustered into four main groups and 13 subgroups. Each subgroup represents a subgenus or a species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that an accession might be misclassified in our collection. The putative misclassified accession was further supported by seed morphology. Limited intraspecific genetic diversity was revealed by these gene-derived markers and/or sequences. The USDA Vigna germplasm collection currently consists of multiple species with many accessions further classified into specific subspecies, but very few Subspecies of the total subspecies available exist within the collection. Based on our results, more attention Should be paid to the subspecies, wild forms and/or botanical varieties for future curation in order to expand the genetic diversity of Vigna germplasm in the USDA collection. C1 [Wang, Ming Li; Barkley, Noelle A.; Gillaspie, Graves A.; Pederson, Gary A.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 90 IS 6 BP 467 EP 480 DI 10.1017/S0016672308009889 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 399BP UT WOS:000262775700002 PM 19123965 ER PT J AU Abdurakhmonov, IY Kohel, RJ Yu, JZ Pepper, AE Abdullaev, AA Kushanov, FN Salakhutdinov, IB Buriev, ZT Saha, S Scheffler, BE Jenkins, JN Abdukarimov, A AF Abdurakhmonov, I. Y. Kohel, R. J. Yu, J. Z. Pepper, A. E. Abdullaev, A. A. Kushanov, F. N. Salakhutdinov, I. B. Buriev, Z. T. Saha, S. Scheffler, B. E. Jenkins, J. N. Abdukarimov, A. TI Molecular diversity and association mapping of fiber quality traits in exotic G. hirsutum L. germplasm SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cotton germplasm; Genetic diversity; Fiber quality; Linkage disequilibrium (LD); Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers; LD-based association mapping ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; UPLAND COTTON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DOMINANT MARKERS; QTL ANALYSIS; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; SSR MARKERS AB The narrow genetic base of cultivated cotton germplasm is hindering the cotton productivity worldwide. Although potential genetic diversity exists in Gossypium genus, it is largely 'underutilized' due to photoperiodism and the lack of innovative tools to overcome such challenges. The application of linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association mapping is an alternative powerful molecular tool to dissect and exploit the natural genetic diversity conserved within cotton germplasm collections, greatly accelerating still 'lagging' cotton marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. However, the extent of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) has not been determined in cotton. We report the extent of genome-wide LID and association mapping of fiber quality traits by using a 95 core set of microsatellite markers in a total of 285 exotic Gossypium hirsutum accessions, comprising of 208 landrace stocks and 77 photoperiodic variety accessions. We demonstrated the existence of useful genetic diversity within exotic cotton germplasm. In this germplasm set, 11-12% of SSR loci pairs revealed a significant LD. At the significance threshold a genome-wide average of LD declines within the genetic distance at <10 cM in the landrace stocks germplasm and > 30 cM in variety germplasm. Genome wide LD at r(2) >= 0.2 was reduced on average to similar to 1-2 cM in the landrace stock germplasm and 6-8 cM in variety germplasm, providing evidence of the potential for association mapping of agronomically important traits in cotton. We observed significant population structure and relatedness in assayed germplasm. Consequently, the application of the mixed liner model (MLM), considering both kinship (K) and population structure (Q) detected between 6% and 13% of SSR markers associated with the main fiber quality traits in cotton. Our results highlight for the first time the feasibility and potential of association mapping, with consideration of the population structure and stratification existing in cotton germplasm resources. The number of SSR markers associated with fiber quality traits in diverse cotton germplasm, which broadly covered many historical meiotic events, should be useful to effectively exploit potentially new genetic variation by using MAS programs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdurakhmonov, I. Y.; Abdullaev, A. A.; Kushanov, F. N.; Salakhutdinov, I. B.; Buriev, Z. T.; Abdukarimov, A.] Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Ctr Gen Technol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray Region, Uzbekistan. [Kohel, R. J.; Yu, J. Z.] USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Pepper, A. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Saha, S.; Jenkins, J. N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab Genet & Precis Agr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffler, B. E.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abdurakhmonov, IY (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Ctr Gen Technol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray Region, Uzbekistan. EM genomics@uzsci.net RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015; OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU Office of International Research Programs (OIRP) of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [P120/P120A] FX We acknowledge the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine for the project coordination, and the technical assistance of project participants of P120/P120A. We also thank the administration of Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan for their continual support of the research efforts. We thank Drs. A. Abdullaev (Uzbek cotton germplasm curator), and S.M. Rizaeva for valuable suggestions on germplasm selection and phenotypic analyses in the Uzbekistan environment. We thank Ms Linda Ballard, Genomics laboratory, USDA-ARS at Mississippi for useful suggestions during manuscript edition.; Funding: This project was funded by the Office of International Research Programs (OIRP) of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the frame of USDA-Former Soviet Union (FSU) cooperation programs with the research grant of P120/P120A to IYA, RJK, JZY, SS, and AEP.; Disclaimer: Mention of trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 88 TC 56 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 BP 478 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.07.013 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 380IT UT WOS:000261460100015 PM 18801424 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Birdsey, RA Joyce, LA Ryan, MG AF Bradford, J. B. Birdsey, R. A. Joyce, L. A. Ryan, M. G. TI Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dynamics; disturbance; forest age; scaling ID LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CONIFEROUS BOREAL FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; STAND DEVELOPMENT; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; CENTRAL COLORADO; INTERSECT METHOD; NATIONAL-PARK AB Forest carbon stocks and fluxes vary with forest age, and relationships with forest age are often used to estimate fluxes for regional or national carbon inventories. Two methods are commonly used to estimate forest age: observed tree age or time since a known disturbance. To clarify the relationships between tree age, time since disturbance and forest carbon storage and cycling, we examined stands of known disturbance history in three landscapes of the southern Rocky Mountains. Our objectives were to assess the similarity between carbon stocks and fluxes for these three landscapes that differed in climate and disturbance history, characterize the relationship between observed tree age and time since disturbance and quantify the predictive capability of tree age or time since disturbance on carbon stocks and fluxes. Carbon pools and fluxes were remarkably similar across the three landscapes, despite differences in elevation, climate, species composition, disturbance history, and forest age. Observed tree age was a poor predictor of time since disturbance. Maximum tree age overestimated time since disturbance for young forests and underestimated it for older forests. Carbon pools and fluxes were related to both tree age and disturbance history, but the relationships differed between these two predictors and were generally less variable for pools than for fluxes. Using tree age in a relationship developed with time since disturbance or vice versa increases errors in estimates of carbon stocks or fluxes. Little change in most carbon stocks and fluxes occurs after the first 100 years following stand-replacing disturbance, simplifying landscape scale estimates. We conclude that subalpine forests in the Central Rocky Mountains can be treated as a single forest type for the purpose of assessment and modeling of carbon, and that the critical period for change in carbon is < 100 years. C1 [Bradford, J. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Birdsey, R. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mt Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Joyce, L. A.; Ryan, M. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, M. G.] Colorado State Univ, Affiliate Fac, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, M. G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; FU US Forest Service Northern Global change program; NASA Carbon Cycle Science [CARBON/04-0225-0191] FX Jonah Dart-McLean, Tom Hayes, Anna McKee, Ann Olilla, and Thomas Tracy provided valuable help with field data collection. We thank the Mountain Research Station (University of Colorado at Boulder), the Fraser Experimental Forest (USFS RMRS) and the GLEES (USFS RMRS) for logistical support. This research was supported by funding from the US Forest Service Northern Global change program and NASA Carbon Cycle Science research grant CARBON/04-0225-0191. NR 69 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2882 EP 2897 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01686.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374RI UT WOS:000261061000009 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Fedders, JM AF Clapham, W. M. Fedders, J. M. TI Effect of sowing date of triticale on seasonal herbage production in the central Appalachian Highlands of the United States SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE triticale; mixed pasture; summer drought; forage yield; extended grazing season ID WINTER; MIXTURES; GROWTH; BARLEY; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; GRASSES AB Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) was evaluated as a complementary pasture to buffer those periods when herbage production from mixed perennial pasture is marginal in the central Appalachian Highlands of the United States. Triticale was sown every month from May to October for five consecutive years from 1999 to 2003. Plant population structure and herbage production were evaluated at intervals until May of the year following establishment. Triticale established quickly at all times of sowing except late October. Wet summers resulted in foliar disease and a rapid decline in plant density when triticale was sown in May and June. In contrast, during the relatively dry summer of 1999, triticale stands exhibited minimal decline. Triticale sown in August had a herbage yield of 1580 kg DM ha(-1) when harvested in October which was over twice the herbage yield of triticale sown in May, June and July. Average herbage yield in the following April of triticale sown in September was higher (1750 kg DM ha(-1)) and less variable than herbage yields from other sowing dates. Plant and tiller populations declined throughout the following April but herbage yields in May were high due to stem and seed head development associated with reproductive growth. Incorporating areas of triticale into mixed-species perennial pasture systems could buffer herbage production during hot and dry summer periods as well as during cool periods of late autumn and early spring. C1 [Clapham, W. M.; Fedders, J. M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV USA. EM william.clapham@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Nathan Wade Snyder, Robert Arnold, Chris Ellison and C. E Lynch for their assistance with managing the project. The assistance of John Phillips with the statistical analyses is greatly appreciated. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The research was funded in part by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and is part of a regional initiative, Pasture-Based Beef Systems for Appalachia, a collaboration among USDA-ARS, Virginia Tech, West Virginia University and Clemson University. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 4 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00652.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 375OT UT WOS:000261123900004 ER PT J AU Lewitus, AJ Brock, LM Burke, MK DeMattio, KA Wilde, SB AF Lewitus, Alan J. Brock, Larissa M. Burke, Marianne K. DeMattio, Krista A. Wilde, Susan B. TI Lagoonal stormwater detention ponds as promoters of harmful algal blooms and eutrophication along the South Carolina coast SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Best management practices; Constructed wetlands; Harmful algal blooms; Lagoonal estuaries; Stormwater detention ponds ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA AB In the rapidly urbanizing coastal zone of South Carolina, intensive landscape maintenance and turf management are significant sources of nonpoint source pollutant loadings. The best management practice of choice for storm water in this region is wet detention ponds, the majority of which are brackish lagoons. Typically, storm water is piped directly into the ponds, but ponds have limited capacity for processing pollutants. These eutrophic brackish ponds are "hot spots" for harmful algal blooms (HABs)over 200 blooms from 23 different species were documented over the last 4 years, many associated with measured toxins, fish kills or shellfish health problems. Because these ponds exchange with tidal creeks, they are potential sources for HAB dispersion into adjacent estuaries. Also, flux measurements indicated that groundwater was both a source of nutrients to the ponds and a mechanism for transporting nutrients from the ponds. These findings suggest that manmade ponds as presently designed along the SC coast may contribute to estuarine eutrophication and HAB prevalence. A summary of HAB occurrences in SC lagoonal ponds from 2001 to 2005 is presented, and a project is described that simulates the effectiveness of constructed wetlands as a supplementary best management practice designed to process stormwater and groundwater and remove nutrients prior to entering wet detention ponds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewitus, Alan J.; Wilde, Susan B.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Baruch Marine Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Lewitus, Alan J.; Brock, Larissa M.; DeMattio, Krista A.; Wilde, Susan B.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Burke, Marianne K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Lewitus, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM alan.lewitus@noaa.gov FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium grants [V473]; NOAA [NA060A0675]; CDC [V2C6]; SCDNR's Marine Resources Research Institute; USC's Belle W. Baruch Institute [1487]; ECOHAB [296]; [NA05NOS4261092] FX We thank Sadie Drescher, Ken Hayes, Dan Hitchcock, Jason Kempton, Chuck Keppler, Krista McKracken (formerly Krista Bunker), Norm Shea, Andrew Shuler, Bill Strosnider, and David White for their contributions to this project. This research was supported in part by the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium grants V473, NOAA grants NA060A0675 and NA05NOS4261092, and CDC grant V2C6. This is contribution 641 of SCDNR's Marine Resources Research Institute, contribution 1487 of USC's Belle W. Baruch Institute, and ECOHAB contribution 296.[SS] NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.012 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400008 ER PT J AU Spigler, RB Lewers, KS Main, DS Ashman, TL AF Spigler, R. B. Lewers, K. S. Main, D. S. Ashman, T-L TI Genetic mapping of sex determination in a wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana, reveals earliest form of sex chromosome SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE dioecy; Fragaria; gynodioecy; male sterility; sex chromosome; sex linkage ID LINKAGE MAPS; OCTOPLOID STRAWBERRY; FLOWERING PLANTS; SCAR MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; EVOLUTION; DIMORPHISM; GENOME; POPULATIONS; ROSACEAE AB The evolution of separate sexes (dioecy) from hermaphroditism is one of the major evolutionary transitions in plants, and this transition can be accompanied by the development of sex chromosomes. Studies in species with intermediate sexual systems are providing unprecedented insight into the initial stages of sex chromosome evolution. Here, we describe the genetic mechanism of sex determination in the octoploid, subdioecious wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana Mill., based on a whole-genome simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic map and on mapping sex determination as two qualitative traits, male and female function. The resultant total map length is 2373 cM and includes 212 markers on 42 linkage groups (mean marker spacing: 14 cM). We estimated that approximately 70 and 90% of the total F. virginiana genetic map resides within 10 and 20 cM of a marker on this map, respectively. Both sex expression traits mapped to the same linkage group, separated by approximately 6 cM, along with two SSR markers. Together, our phenotypic and genetic mapping results support a model of gender determination in subdioecious F. virginiana with at least two linked loci (or gene regions) with major effects. Reconstruction of parental genotypes at these loci reveals that both female and hermaphrodite heterogamety exist in this species. Evidence of recombination between the sexdetermining loci, an important hallmark of incipient sex chromosomes, suggest that F. virginiana is an example of the youngest sex chromosome in plants and thus a novel model system for the study of sex chromosome evolution. Heredity (2008) 101, 507-517; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2008.100; published online 17 September 2008 C1 [Spigler, R. B.; Ashman, T-L] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lewers, K. S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Main, D. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ashman, TL (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM kim.lewers@ars.usda.gov; tia1@pitt.edu NR 51 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1038/hdy.2008.100 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 373SR UT WOS:000260993500007 PM 18797475 ER PT J AU Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Ehlenfeldt, MK Arora, R AF Rowland, Lisa J. Ogden, Elizabeth L. Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Arora, Rajeev TI Cold Tolerance of Blueberry Genotypes Throughout the Dormant Period from Acclimation to Deacclimation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Horticulture CY JUL 18, 2007 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASHS DE cold acclimation; cold hardiness; dehardening; freezing tolerance; spring frost tolerance; Vaccinium ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; BUD DEVELOPMENT; WOODY-PLANTS; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; CULTIVARS; HARDINESS; KINETICS; INJURY AB Cold hardiness in woody perennials is determined by complex interacting factors: the timing and rate of cold acclimation; the maximum level of cold tolerance attained; the maintenance of cold tolerance during the winter; and the rate of loss of cold tolerance or deacclimation on resumption of spring growth. For highbush blueberry, the degree of winter freezing tolerance and susceptibility to spring frosts have been identified as the most important genetic limitations of current cultivars. Depending on the winter and the location, both winter freezes and spring frosts can cause damage to floral buds or flowers resulting in substantial losses in yield. To identify genotypes that are particularly slow or late to deacclimate and thus may be useful in breeding for spring frost-tolerant cultivars, we compared deacclimation kinetics under controlled laboratory and field conditions among several blueberry genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds. Clear genotypic differences in timing and rate of deacclimation were found. In the field study, the species Vaccinium constablaei Gray was identified as particularly late to deacclimate, and 'Little Giant' (50:50 hybrid of V. constablaei and V. ashei Reade) was nearly as late to deacclimate as 100% V. constablaei. Recently, we extended our cold tolerance measurements from October through midwinter comparing acclimation kinetics and maximum cold tolerance levels among genotypes. Although all genotypes appeared to reach maximum cold tolerance about mid-December under the study conditions, genotypic differences were detected in other aspects, including initial cold tolerance, rate of acclimation, maximum cold tolerance, and length of the plateau. 'Little Giant' and 'Northsky' (75:25 hybrid of V. corymbosum L. and V. angustifolium Ait.) were very early to acclimate and were hardier than the other genotypes both initially and when maximum cold tolerance was reached. Understanding how cold tolerance levels change throughout the dormant period should help us to develop cultivars better suited to their environments. C1 [Rowland, Lisa J.; Ogden, Elizabeth L.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Arora, Rajeev] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeannine.Rowland@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1970 EP 1974 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400007 ER PT J AU Rowland, LJ Dhanaraj, AL Naik, D Alkharouf, N Matthews, B Arora, R AF Rowland, Lisa J. Dhanaraj, Anik L. Naik, Dhananjay Alkharouf, Nadim Matthews, Ben Arora, Rajeev TI Study of Cold Tolerance in Blueberry Using EST Libraries, cDNA Microarrays, and Subtractive Hybridization SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Horticulture CY JUL 18, 2007 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASHS DE cold hardiness; expressed sequence tags; freezing tolerance; genomics; subtracted library; transcript profiles; Vaccinium ID SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FLORAL BUDS; MOLECULAR RESPONSES; WOODY-PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; EXPRESSION; STRESS; VACCINIUM; GENES AB To gain a better understanding of changes in gene expression associated with cold acclimation in the woody perennial blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and ultimately use this information to develop more freeze-tolerant cultivars, a genomics approach based on the analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and microarrays was undertaken. Initially, two standard cDNA libraries, constructed using RNA from cold-acclimated (CA) and nonacclimated (NA) floral buds of the blueberry cultivar Bluecrop, were used for the generation of 2400 ESTs, half from each library. Putative functions were assigned to cDNAs based on homology to other genes/ESTs from GenBank. From contig analyses, 796 and 865 unique transcripts were identified from the CA and NA libraries, respectively. The most highly abundant cDNAs, that were picked many more times from one library than from the other, were identified as representing potentially differentially expressed transcripts. A cDNA microarray was constructed and used to study gene expression under cold-acclimating conditions in the field and cold room. Results indicated that the abundance of transcripts of numerous blueberry genes change during cold acclimation, including genes not found previously to be cold-responsive in Arabidopsis, and, interestingly, more transcripts were found to be upregulated under cold room conditions than under field conditions. Finally, forward and reverse subtracted cDNA libraries were prepared from 'Bluecrop' RNA to enrich for transcripts that are expressed at higher levels in floral buds at 400 h and at 0 h of low-temperature exposure, respectively. Many genes encoding putative transcription factors and other proteins related to signal transduction were identified from both libraries. C1 [Rowland, Lisa J.; Dhanaraj, Anik L.; Naik, Dhananjay] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alkharouf, Nadim] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Matthews, Ben] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Arora, Rajeev] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1975 EP 1981 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400008 ER PT J AU Black, B Frisby, J Lewers, K Takeda, F Finn, C AF Black, Brent Frisby, James Lewers, Kimberly Takeda, Fumiomi Finn, Chad TI Heat Unit Model for Predicting Bloom Dates in Rubus SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blackberry; black raspberry; growing degree days; growing degree hours ID THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; BUD DEVELOPMENT; TEMPERATURES; CULTIVARS; ERECT AB 'Navaho' and 'Apache' blackberry plants were maintained at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 C in growth chambers to determine optimum temperature for budbreak and flowering (fewest days to flowering). In a separate experiment, bloom dates were observed for a collection of 117 Rubus genotypes over four seasons. Using these phenological data, predictive linear and curvilinear models were tested using a range of cardinal temperatures. The growth chamber experiment indicated optimum temperatures for bloom were 25.6 degrees C for 'Apache' and 29.2 degrees C for 'Navaho'. For the field observations, time to bloom was best: defined by a linear model with base and optimum temperatures of 6 and 25 degrees C and a curvilinear model defined by base and optimum temperatures of 4 and 27 degrees C, respectively. Based on the linear growing degree hour (GDH) model, heat units to bloom varied among cultivars in the collection from 9,200 GDH for 'Chickasaw' to 18,900 GDH for 'Merton Thornless'. C1 [Black, Brent; Frisby, James] Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lewers, Kimberly] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Takeda, Fumiomi] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Finn, Chad] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Black, B (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM brent.black@usu.edu RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 FU North American Raspberry; Blackberry Association; USDA-ARS; Utah Agriculture Experiment Station-Utah State University [7981] FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association, by the USDA-ARS, and by the Utah Agriculture Experiment Station-Utah State University (Journal paper no. 7981). NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2000 EP 2004 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400013 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, Vincent M. TI Yield in Nonpungent Jalapeno Pepper Established at Different In-row Spacings SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum; height; flower; fruit; marketable; number ID BELL PEPPER; FERTILIZER RATE; AFFECTS GROWTH; PLANTING DATE; ARRANGEMENT; DENSITY; HARVEST AB It is not known how plant spacing affects fresh yield in transplanted nonpungent jalapeno peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Transplants of a nonpungent jalapeno, cv. Pace 105, were established at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 cm between plants in mid-April of 2006 and 2007 and in early July in 2007. Fruit were harvested once when 5% of marketable-sized pods in rows were red. Distance to first flower and yield characteristics were determined. Fruit were culled based on pod size and presence of blemishes. Height on the stem to the first flower averaged 15.8 cm over all treatments. Plants in the Spring 2006 season had the highest marketable and cull yields. Numbers of marketable fruit/ha were higher at the 8-cm spacing than at the 40- or 48-cm in-row spacings. There was little difference in marketable yield as a result of in-row spacing. The greatest number of cull fruit per plant was on plants spaced 48 cm apart. Plant spacing had no effect on number of cull fruit or cull yield/ha. Culls accounted for approximate to 22% of total yield. Individual cull fruit weights were approximate to 50% less than for marketable fruit. Spacings tested did not appear to greatly affect development or yield off this pepper. This will allow producers to have the option of either using fewer plants on the same amount of land or more plants on less land without much reduction of quantity or quality of yield. C1 ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2018 EP 2021 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400016 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Wax, LM Pataky, JK Meyer, MD AF Williams, Martin M., II Wax, Loyd M. Pataky, Jerald K. Meyer, Michael D. TI Further Evidence of a Genetic Basis for Varied Levels of Injury to Sweet Corn Hybrids from Cytochrome P450-metabolized Herbicides Applied Postemergence SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ben1 gene; carfentrazone; foramsulfuron; herbicide selectivity; herbicide sensitivity; herbicide tolerance; halosulfuron; mesotrione; nicosulfuron; nsf1 gene; tembotrione; Zea mays ID CROSS-SENSITIVITY; NICOSULFURON; INHERITANCE; TOLERANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CULTIVARS; BENTAZON; MAIZE AB Over the last two decades, sweet corn injury from postemergence herbicides has resulted in routine screening of combinations of new and existing hybrids and herbicides. Sensitivity of sweet corn to several cytochrome P450-metabolized herbicides is simply inherited and has a common genetic basis, a single P450 locus that may account for a large amount of the variation in sweet corn injury commonly observed among screening trials. Using data from 13 hybrid-herbicide screening trials, the objective of this work was to determine the extent to which injury from P450-metabolized herbicides was associated with the genotypes of hybrids at a locus affecting herbicide sensitivity. Of the 703 hybrids evaluated in the University of Illinois sweet corn hybrid nurseries from 2002 to 2007, previous work showed that a total of 104, 70, and nine of the hybrids were known to be homozygous-tolerant, heterozygous, or homozygous-sensitive, respectively, for an allele affecting herbicide response. Nurseries from 2002 to 2007 included six trials with mesotrione, three trials with nicosulfuron, and one trial each with foramsulfuron, tembotrione, halosulfuron, and carfentrazone. When means of hybrids in genotypic classes were compared, homozygous-sensitive hybrids were consistently injured more severely than homozygous-tolerant and heterozygous hybrids. When environmental conditions favored crop injury, heterozygous hybrids had an intermediate response that was closer to homozygous-tolerant hybrids than homozygous-sensitive hybrids. These data are further evidence that the probability of injury from several P450-metabolized herbicides, including mesotrione, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, tembotrione, halosulfuron, and carfentrazone, is highest in homozygous-sensitive hybrids and least in homozygous-tolerant hybrids and that variability of responses among sweet corn hybrids to these P450-metabolized herbicides can be explained largely by the genotype of a hybrid at a single locus. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II; Wax, Loyd M.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pataky, Jerald K.; Meyer, Michael D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Martin.Williams@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2093 EP 2097 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400028 ER PT J AU Kirker, GT Sampson, BJ Pounders, CT Spiers, JM Boyd, DW AF Kirker, Grant T. Sampson, Blair J. Pounders, Cecil T. Spiers, James M. Boyd, David W., Jr. TI The Effects of Stomatal Size on Feeding Preference of Azalea Lace Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Hemiptera: Tingidae), on Selected Cultivars of Evergreen Azalea SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stephanitis pyrioides; feeding preference; host plant resistance; plant breeding; stomatal area ID HOST-PLANT ACCEPTANCE; HETEROPTERA; LEAF AB Azalea lace bug (ALB), Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), is an important economic pest of azaleas in the southeastern United States. In this study, 33 commercially available cultivars of evergreen azalea, Rhododendron spp., were evaluated for S. pyrioides feeding preference in both choice and no-choice feeding bioassays. Mean stomatal length and area, which were hypothesized to affect ALB feeding preference, were also measured for each of 33 cultivars and results were correlated with indices of ALB feeding (mean feces) and fecundity (mean eggs). An azalea cultivar, Fourth of July, was least preferred by ALB in both no-choice and choice tests, whereas 'Watchet' was most preferred. Cultivars Fourth of July and Delaware Valley White had the smallest mean stomatal areas despite their disparate susceptibilities to ALB feeding. Although stomates through which ALB insert their proboscides vary in size among azalea cultivars, they confer no obvious resistance to ALB feeding preference. Therefore, the mechanism for lace bug resistance in azalea remains elusive. C1 [Kirker, Grant T.; Sampson, Blair J.; Pounders, Cecil T.; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Boyd, David W., Jr.] Bob Jones Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Greenville, SC 29614 USA. RP Kirker, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM grant.kirker@ars.usda.gov RI Kirker, Grant/H-1898-2011 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2098 EP 2103 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400029 ER PT J AU Wall, MM Khan, SA AF Wall, Marisa M. Khan, Shakil A. TI Postharvest Quality of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.) after X-ray Irradiation Quarantine Treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disinfestation; pitaya; tropical fruit ID ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; RADIATION; APPLE; AIR; SP. AB The quality of three dragon fruit clones (Hylocereus spp.) was determined after x-ray irradiation for disinfestation of quarantine pests. Fruit were treated with irradiation doses of 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 Gy and stored for 12 days at 10 C. Irradiation did not affect soluble solids content, titratable acidity, or fructose concentrations. Glucose, sucrose, and total sugar concentrations decreased linearly as dose increased. Minimal softening occurred in the outer flesh layers for fruit treated with 400 or 600 Gy irradiation. Surface color, peel injury, and bract appearance differed among the three clones with irradiation stress, but in all cases, visible changes were minor. Fruit decay was absent or minimal, and disease ratings were not affected by irradiation. Irradiation treatment of dragon fruit at doses 800 Gy or less would ensure visual and compositional quality while providing quarantine security. C1 [Wall, Marisa M.] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Khan, Shakil A.] Bangladesh Atom Energy Commiss, Inst Food & Radiat Biol Atom Energy Res Estab, Insect Biotechnol Div, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM marisa.wall@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2115 EP 2119 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400032 ER PT J AU Bi, GH Scagel, CF AF Bi, Guihong Scagel, Carolyn F. TI Nitrogen Uptake and Mobilization by Hydrangea Leaves from Foliar-sprayed Urea in Fall Depend on Plant Nitrogen Status SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrangea macrophylla 'Berlin'; (15)N ID VAR. NECTARINA TREES; NURSERY PLANTS; APPLE LEAVES; GROWTH; AUTUMN; ALMOND; REMOBILIZATION; TRANSLOCATION; DEFOLIATION; ABSORPTION AB Rooted liners of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thumb.) Ser. 'Berlin' were fertigated with different rates of nitrogen (N) from July to Sept. 2007 and leaves were sprayed with (15)N-labeled urea in late October to evaluate urea uptake and (15)N translocation by hydrangea leaves in relation to plant N status. Four plants from. each N fertigation rate were harvested before they were sprayed with urea and 2, 5, 10, and 15 days after urea spray. Increasing rate of N fertigation increased plant N content in October before being sprayed with urea. Leaves rapidly absorbed (15)N from urea spray. The highest rate of (15)N uptake occurred during the first 2 days after urea spray and then decreased. Export of (15)N from leaves occurred rapidly after uptake and the highest rate of (15)N export occurred (luring the first 2 days after urea spray and then decreased. During the first 5 days after urea spray, the rate of (15)N uptake by leaves and export from leaves decreased with increasing rate of N fertigation. On a whole plant basis, the total amount of (15)N from foliar (15)N-urea spray increased with increasing rate of N fertigation; however, the percentage of (15)N exported from leaves and the percentage of N that derived from foliar (15)N-urea spray decreased with increasing rate of N fertigation. Results suggest that hydrangea plants with lower N status in the fall are more efficient in absorbing and translocating N from foliar urea than plants with higher N status. C1 [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bi, GH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, 2024 Expt Stn Rd,POB 231, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. EM gb250@msstate.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2151 EP 2154 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400039 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Buamscha, MG Horneck, DA AF Altland, James E. Buamscha, M. Gabriela Horneck, Donald A. TI Substrate pH Affects Nutrient Availability in Fertilized Douglas Fir Bark Substrates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; lime; sulfur; calcium carbonate; calcium hydroxide ID SOILLESS MEDIA; PLANT-GROWTH; COPPER AB An experiment was conducted to determine how pH and nutrient availability in douglas fir bark (DFB) substrates respond to lime and sulfur (S) rates. The treatment design was a two-by-nine factorial arrangement with two substrate types and nine pH-altering amendments. The two substrates were 100% DFB or 75 DFB:15 sphagnum peatmoss:10 pumice (by volume). Substrate pH-altering amendments included elemental S amended at either 0.6 or 2.4 kg.m(-3); calcium carbonate amended at 0.6, 1.5, and 5.9 kg.m(-3) calcium hydroxide amended at 4.4, 8.9, or 23.7 kg.m(-3); and a nonamended control. All substrates were amended by incorporating 0.9 kg.m(-3) Micromax micro-nutrients before potting and topdressing 8 g/pot of 14N-4.2P-11.6K Osmocote controlled-release fertilizer after potting. A group of controls was also maintained for each substrate that received no fertilizer amendment (no S, lime, Micromax, or Osmocote). Four containers of each treatment were randomly selected and harvested 4 and 8 weeks after potting. Amendment with S decreased pH with increasing rate, whereas both lime types increased pH with increasing rate. The two substrates in general responded similarly to S and lime amendments, although there were some significant effects and interactions caused by substrate type. Ammonium-N and NO(3)-N both decreased exponentially with increasing substrate pH, whereas water-extractable phosphorus decreased linearly with increasing pH. Water-extractable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium responded quadratically to increasing pH by initially decreasing and then increasing. The micronutrients boron and iron decreased with increasing pH, whereas DTPA extractions of manganese, zinc, and copper initially increased and then decreased over the range of observed pH. C1 [Altland, James E.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Buamscha, M. Gabriela] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Horneck, Donald A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM James.Altland@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2171 EP 2178 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400043 ER PT J AU Bell, RL van der Zwet, T AF Bell, Richard L. van der Zwet, Tom TI 'Shenandoah' Pear SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bell, Richard L.; van der Zwet, Tom] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM richard.bell@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2219 EP 2221 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400050 ER PT J AU Scott, JW Baldwin, EA Klee, HJ Brecht, JK Olson, SM Bartz, JA Sims, CA AF Scott, John W. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. Klee, Harry J. Brecht, Jeffrey K. Olson, Stephen M. Bartz, Jerry A. Sims, Charles A. TI Fla. 8153 Hybrid Tomato; Fla. 8059 and Fla. 7907 Breeding Lines SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Scott, John W.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Klee, Harry J.; Brecht, Jeffrey K.; Bartz, Jerry A.; Sims, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Olson, Stephen M.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Scott, JW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM jwsc@ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2228 EP 2230 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400054 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Chaparro, JX Sherman, WB AF Beckman, Thomas G. Chaparro, Jose X. Sherman, Wayne B. TI 'Sharpe', a Clonal Plum Rootstock for Peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Prunus persica; P. angustifolia; Armillaria; peach tree short life; PTSL; root-knot nematode C1 [Beckman, Thomas G.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31088 USA. [Chaparro, Jose X.; Sherman, Wayne B.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31088 USA. EM Tom.Beckman@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2236 EP 2237 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400056 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Glenn, DM Stutte, GW AF Takeda, Fumiomi Glenn, D. Michael Stutte, Gary W. TI Red Light Affects Flowering Under Long Days in a Short-day Strawberry Cultivar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LED; transplant; propagation; canopy ID PLANTS; TIME AB July-plugged transplants of short-day cv. Strawberry Festival (Fragaria xananassa) flowered in October and November although they were grown under long photoperiods and warm temperatures (greater than 21 degrees C) in July and August. These unexpected results were attributed to a high plant density (320 transplants/m(2)) that provided continuous and heavy leaf cover, which eliminated red light (less than 700 nm) from reaching the crowns. This hypothesis was tested by illuminating crowns of transplants growing in 50-cell packs for 16 h.d(-1) with red light-emitting diode lamps (maximum wavelength at 639 nm and 80% of output between 617 and 655 nm). Red light treatment caused a significant reduction in fall flowering. It is proposed that a high ratio of far-red light to visible light reaching the crown will play a role in floral bud induction, possibly as early as mid-August. Transplants of some short-day cultivars started as plug plants in early July have the capacity to flower and fruit in the fall and the next spring, enabling growers in the mid-Atlantic coast region to obtain two harvests within 1 year from a single planting. C1 [Takeda, Fumiomi; Glenn, D. Michael] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Stutte, Gary W.] Dynamac Corp, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Fumi.Takeda@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2245 EP 2247 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 374ZO UT WOS:000261082400060 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM White, SN Mousel, MR Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. White, Stephen N. Mousel, Michelle R. Lewis, Gregory S. Knowles, Donald P. TI Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels associate with breed and Ovar-DRB1 SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE OPPV; Maedi-visna virus; MHC Class II; Ovar-DRB1; Immunogenetics; Ovine lentivirus; Sheep; DRB1 ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; VISNA VIRUS; MAEDI-VISNA; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; OVAR-MHC; CLASS-I; SHEEP; LENTIVIRUS; INFECTION AB Previous studies initiated defining the role of host genetics in influencing the outcome of exposure to ovine progressive pneumonia virus. However, specific genes influencing host control of virus replication and disease progression have not been identified. This study, using 383 ewes of the Columbia, Polypay, and Rambouillet breeds, tested the hypothesis that host control of OPPV as measured by provirus levels in the peripheral blood associates with certain breeds and MHC class II Ovis aries (Ovar)-DRB1 expressed alleles. Rambouillet ewes were less likely to have measurable provirus levels as compared to Columbia ewes at ages 5 and 6 (P value < 0.02), and they exhibited lower provirus levels when compared to both Columbia and Polypay ewes of the same ages (P value<0.05). The presence of DRB1*0403- or DRB1*07012-expressed alleles were significantly associated (P value=0.019 and 0.0002, respectively) with lower OPP provirus levels but only were only found in 11% of the ewe flock. Analysis of each segregating amino acid in the beta 1 domain of DR beta-chain revealed that amino acids Y31, T32, N37, T51, Q60, or N74 significantly associated (P value=0.0003-0.018) with lower OPP provirus levels, whereas amino acids H32, A38, or I67 associated (P value range=0.013-0.043) with higher OPP provirus levels. These results suggest that Ovar-DRB1 contributes as one host genetic factor that controls OPP provirus levels, but does not fully account for the breed-specific OPP proviral differences. C1 [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mousel, Michelle R.; Lewis, Gregory S.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD DEC PY 2008 VL 60 IS 12 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1007/s00251-008-0328-9 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 374RW UT WOS:000261062400004 PM 18797863 ER PT J AU Triplett, BA Moss, SC Bland, JM Dowd, MK AF Triplett, Barbara A. Moss, Stephanie C. Bland, John M. Dowd, Michael K. TI Induction of hairy root cultures from Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense to produce gossypol and related compounds SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Gossypol; Hairy root; Rhizobium rhizogenes; Sesquiterpene ID AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES; IN-VITRO; ALKALOID ACCUMULATION; BREAST-CANCER; COTTON ROOTS; ACETIC-ACID; CELL-LINES; GROWTH; (-)-GOSSYPOL; TERPENOIDS AB Hairy root cultures were induced by inoculating cotyledonary leaves and hypocotyl segments from two cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, with Rhizobium rhizogenes 15834. For both species, more hairy roots formed on inoculation sites on cotyledonary leaves than on hypocotyls. The addition of sucrose to basal Murashige-Skoog media increased the frequency of hairy root formation, whereas the addition of naphthalene acetic acid (0.54 mu M) did not. After transfer to a liquid culture, hairy root growth was very rapid. After 3 wk in liquid culture, both cotton species produced gossypol, a di-sesquiterpene secondary metabolite with known anticancer activity, and two related methylated derivatives. Most (60-95%) gossypol produced by cultures was retained within the hairy root tissues, but some was found in the media. The average gossypol level observed among 96 different cultures was 15 mg/g of dry culture mass; however, some cultures produced > 40 mg/g of dry culture mass. Variation in gossypol levels was greater for cultures arising from different transformation events than for multiple subclones of a single transformant. The high level of gossypol production attained by most of these cultures suggests that they will be valuable for studying the biochemical and molecular aspects of gossypol biosynthesis, capable of producing large amounts of gossypol and related compounds, and useful for generating modified forms of gossypol (e.g., radio-labeled gossypol) for understanding bioactivity mechanisms. C1 [Triplett, Barbara A.; Bland, John M.; Dowd, Michael K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Moss, Stephanie C.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Triplett, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Barbara.Triplett@ars.usda.gov FU Governor's Biotechnology Initiative FX The authors thank Scott Pelitire for conducting the HPLC analyses and the Louisiana Board of Regents, Governor's Biotechnology Initiative for providing a research fellowship to Stephanie Moss. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 508 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s11627-008-9141-2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 387MR UT WOS:000261956800008 ER PT J AU Xu, B Dai, WH Chao, WS AF Xu, Bin Dai, Wenhao Chao, Wun S. TI An efficient method for in vitro regeneration of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Invasive weed; Euphorbiaceae; High salt requirement; Selection for regeneration ID MANIHOT-ESCULENTA CRANTZ; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; TISSUE-CULTURES; ORGANOGENESIS; CALLUS; PLANTS; MICROPROPAGATION; DIFFERENTIATION; AGROBACTERIUM; PROPAGATION AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a perennial, invasive weed used as a model to study invasive plant behavior, because molecular tools (such as a deep expressed sequence tag database and deoxyribonucleic acid microarrays) have been developed for this species. However, the lack of effective in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation systems has hampered molecular approaches to study leafy spurge. In this study, we describe an efficient in vitro regeneration system. Three highly regenerative lines were selected by screening the in vitro regeneration capabilities of stem explants of 162 seedlings. The effects of various culture conditions on in vitro regeneration were then evaluated based on explant competence to form calluses and shoots. High rates of shoot regeneration can be obtained using a growth medium containing 1x woody plant basal medium and 1x Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts, 1x MS vitamins, 1.11 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.97 mu M indole-3-butyric acid, and 3% sucrose, pH 5.6-5.8. After 30 d culture, multiple shoots formed either directly from the stem or indirectly from the callus. This method is a requisite for the development of genetic transformation systems for leafy spurge and may be used to develop in vitro regeneration techniques for other species in the Euphorbiaceae. C1 [Chao, Wun S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Xu, Bin; Dai, Wenhao] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM wun.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 548 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s11627-008-9139-9 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 387MR UT WOS:000261956800013 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, BM LaRosa, G Zarlenga, D Dunams, D Yao, CY Liu, MY Pozio, E AF Rosenthal, Benjamin M. LaRosa, Giuseppe Zarlenga, Dante Dunams, Detiger Yao Chunyu Liu Mingyuan Pozio, Edoardo TI Human dispersal of Trichinella spiralis in domesticated pigs SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Trichinella; Swine; Domestication; Epidemiology; Population genetics; Evolution; Population; Structure; Pigs; Parasite; Zoonosis; Zoonoses; Public health; Agriculture ID EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; POPULATION; WORLDWIDE; GENOTYPES; ORIGINS; DNA AB To investigate the human impact on the evolutionary ecology of animal pathogens, we compared genetic diversity of severe foodborne parasites contracted by eating infected pork or wild game. In particular, we characterized Trichinella spp. from twenty-eight countries and four continents by genotyping nine microsatellite loci and sequencing one-fifth of the mitochondrial genome. All specimens of Trichinella spiralis, a swine parasite that can infect many species of wildlife, were remarkably uniform across Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. Far greater diversity characterized a comparable sample of Trichinella britovi, which parasitizes various sylvatic mammals endemic to Eurasia and North-Western Africa. A limited sample of T. spiralis in Asia, where swine were first domesticated, encompassed greater genetic variability than those in the West, as did small samples of Trichinella nativa and Trichinella murrelli, which parasitize wildlife hosts. We conclude that European lineages of T. spiralis originated several thousand years ago, approximately when pigs were first domesticated there. These data also imply that Europeans inadvertently introduced T spiralis to the Americas via infected pigs and/or rats. Despite evidence that early hominid hunters ingested foodborne parasites by hunting wild game millions of years earlier, swine husbandry has governed the subsequent transmission, dissemination, and evolutionary diversification of T. spiralis. Where viable parasites have been eliminated from their diet, the residual risk posed to swine by exposure to wildlife or rats should be more precisely defined because breaking the cycle of transmission would confer enduring economic and health benefits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.; Zarlenga, Dante; Dunams, Detiger] USDA ARS, Anim Parast Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [LaRosa, Giuseppe; Pozio, Edoardo] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Yao Chunyu; Liu Mingyuan] Jilin Univ, Key Lab Zoonoses, Minist Educ, Inst Zoonoses, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. RP Rosenthal, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parast Dis Lab, Bldg 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM benjamin.rosenthal@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU USDA CRIS [701-1265-140-11]; Organization for Economic Cooperation; Development's Co-Operative Research Programme for Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems. FX We greatfully acknowledge financial support from USDA CRIS Project 701-1265-140-11 and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Co-Operative Research Programme for Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems. All of those who deposited specimens with the International Trichinellosis Reference Center made this comparative study possible. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.07.008 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 382HG UT WOS:000261596000006 PM 18718558 ER PT J AU Saldivar, L Guerrero, FD Miller, RJ Bendele, KG Gondro, C Brayton, KA AF Saldivar, L. Guerrero, F. D. Miller, R. J. Bendele, K. G. Gondro, C. Brayton, K. A. TI Microarray analysis of acaricide-inducible gene expression in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; acaricide resistance; organophosphates; microarrays; detoxification enzymes ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; PROBE LEVEL DATA; ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT; INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; UNITED-STATES; IXODIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; NORMALIZATION AB Acaricide-inducible differential gene expression was studied in larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus using a microarray-based approach. The acaricides used were: coumaphos, permethrin, ivermectin, and amitraz. The microarrays contained over 13 000 probes, having been derived from a previously described R. microplus gene index (BmiGI Version 2; Wang et al., 2007). Relative quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, real time PCR, and serial analysis of gene expression data was used to verify microarray data. Among the differentially expressed genes with informative annotation were legumain, glutathione S-transferase, and a putative salivary gland-associated protein. C1 [Saldivar, L.; Guerrero, F. D.; Bendele, K. G.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Miller, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. [Gondro, C.] Univ New England, Inst Genet & Bioinformat, Armidale, NSW, Australia. [Brayton, K. A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov RI gondro, cedric/B-4362-2010 OI gondro, cedric/0000-0003-0666-656X FU National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES [2005-35604-15440] FX L. S. was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES grant #2005-35604-15440 (to K. A. B. and F. D. G.). The authors are grateful for the manuscript reviews and suggested revisions provided by Drs. Ala Lew and Anna Rachinsky and the anonymous reviewers assigned by this journal. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation of endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00831.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 369YF UT WOS:000260729100002 PM 18834453 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Sumerford, DV Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Coates, B. S. Sumerford, D. V. Hellmich, R. L. Lewis, L. C. TI Mining an Ostrinia nubilalis midgut expressed sequence tag (EST) library for candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; single nucleotide polymorphism ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; CDNA LIBRARIES; TRYPSIN-LIKE; BOMBYX-MORI; IDENTIFICATION; CADHERIN AB Genes expressed in lepidopteran midgut tissues are involved in digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin resistance traits. Five hundred and thirty five unique transcripts were annotated from 1745 high quality O. nubilalis larval midgut expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Full-length cDNA sequence of 12 putative serine proteinase genes and 3 partial O. nubilalis aminopeptidase N protein genes, apn1, apn3, and apn4, were obtained, and genes may have roles in plant feeding and Bt toxin resistance traits of Ostrinia larvae. The EST library was not normalized and insert frequencies reflect transcript levels under the initial treatment conditions and redundancy of inserts from highly expressed transcripts allowed prediction of putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Ten di-, tri- or tetranucleotide repeat unit microsatellite loci were identified, and minisatellite repeats were observed within the C-termini of two encoded serine proteinases. Molecular markers showed polymorphism at 28 SNP loci and one microsatellite locus, and Mendelian inheritance indicated that markers were applicable to genome mapping applications. This O. nubilalis larval midgut EST collection is a resource for gene discovery, expression information, and allelic variation for use in genetic marker development. C1 [Coates, B. S.; Sumerford, D. V.; Hellmich, R. L.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sumerford, D. V.; Hellmich, R. L.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGRU, 113 Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brad.coates@ars.usda.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [603625-4-0574] FX This research was a joint contribution from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA (project 3543). Funding also was provided by an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant 'Contribution to a framework for managing insect resistance to transgenic crops' (603625-4-0574). This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by USDA, EPA, or Iowa State University for its use. NR 77 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 607 EP 620 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00833.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 369YF UT WOS:000260729100003 PM 19133073 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Kenealy, W Lebow, PK AF Clausen, Carol A. Kenealy, William Lebow, Patricia K. TI Oxalate analysis methodology for decayed wood SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Oxalate; Oxalic acid; HPLC; Calorimetric assay; Wood decay ID BROWN-ROT FUNGI; OXALIC-ACID PRODUCTION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; WOLFIPORIA-COCOS; COPPER TOLERANCE; DEGRADATION; ACCUMULATION; PEROXIDASE; CULTURES AB Oxalate from partially decayed southern pine wood was analyzed by HPLC or colorimetric assay. Oxalate extraction efficiency, assessed by comparing analysis of whole wood cubes with ground wood, showed that both wood geometries could be extracted with comparable efficiency. To differentiate soluble oxalate from total oxalate, three extraction methods were assessed, using phosphate buffer, sulphuric acid or sodium hydroxide. Oxalate values from phosphate buffer extracts were two to three times higher than those from sulphuric acid extracts by both methods of analysis. Results for HPLC analysis were not significantly different from results for colorimetric analysis within each method of extraction. Results from sodium hydroxide extraction were inconsistent. The presence of oxalate in phosphate and sulphuric acid extracts was confirmed with oxalate decarboxylase but could not be confirmed for NaOH extracts. HPLC and the colorimetric assay remain valid methods of reporting soluble oxalic acid from decayed wood and are particularly useful for comparing relative determinations between treatments or fungal isolates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clausen, Carol A.; Kenealy, William; Lebow, Patricia K.] Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 372 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.04.001 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 373YX UT WOS:000261010500008 ER PT J AU Daly, C Halbleib, M Smith, JI Gibson, WP Doggett, MK Taylor, GH Curtis, J Pasteris, PP AF Daly, Christopher Halbleib, Michael Smith, Joseph I. Gibson, Wayne P. Doggett, Matthew K. Taylor, George H. Curtis, Jan Pasteris, Phillip P. TI Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE physiography; spatial climate; PRISM; interpolation; temperature; precipitation; rain shadow; cold air drainage; temperature inversion; coastal proximity; elevation; Daymet; WorldClim ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; WESTERN WASHINGTON; SMALL STREAMS; CLIMATE; MODEL; MOUNTAINS; TERRAIN; AREAS; INTERPOLATION; VALIDATION AB Spatial climate data sets of 1971-2000 mean monthly precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature were developed for file conterminous United States. These 30-arcsec (similar to 800-m) grids are the official spatial climate data sets of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The PRISM (Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model) interpolation method was used to develop data sets that reflected, as closely as possible, the Current slate of knowledge of spatial climate patterns in the United States. PRISM Calculates a climate-elevation regression for each digital elevation model (DEM) grid cell, and stations entering the regression are assigned weights based primarily on the physiographic similarity of the station to the grid cell. Factors considered are location, elevation, coastal proximity, topographic facet orientation, vertical atmospheric layer, topographic position, and orographic effectiveness of the terrain. Surface stations used in the analysis numbered nearly 13000 for precipitation and 10000 for temperature. Station data were spatially quality controlled, and short-period-of-record averages adjusted to better reflect the 1971-2000 period. PRISM interpolation uncertainties were estimated with cross-validation (C-V) mean absolute error (MAE) and the 70% prediction interval of the climate-elevation regression function. The two measures were not well correlated at the point level, but were similar when averaged over large regions. The PRISM data set was compared with the WorldClim and Daymet spatial climate data sets. The comparison demonstrated that using a relatively dense station data set and the physiographically sensitive PRISM interpolation process resulted in substantially improved climate grids over those of WorldClim and Daymet. The improvement varied, however, depending on the complexity of the region. Mountainous and coastal areas of the western United States, characterized by sparse data coverage, large elevation gradients, rain shadows. inversions, cold air drainage, and coastal effects, showed the greatest improvement. The PRISM data set benefited from a peer review procedure that incorporated local knowledge and data into the development process. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Daly, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, PRISM Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Curtis, Jan; Pasteris, Phillip P.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Daly, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, PRISM Grp, 2000 Kelley Engn Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM daly@nacse.org NR 59 TC 655 Z9 670 U1 16 U2 127 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 15 BP 2031 EP 2064 DI 10.1002/joc.1688 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 385JO UT WOS:000261810700004 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Kuhnle, RA AF Wren, Daniel G. Kuhnle, Roger A. TI Measurements of coupled fluid and sediment motion over mobile sand dunes in a laboratory flume SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Suspended sediment; Acoustic backscatter; Dunes ID MULTIFREQUENCY ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; BED FORMS; FLOW; TRANSPORT; SIZE; SUSPENSION; VELOCITY; CURRENTS AB The relationship between turbulent fluid motions and sediment particle motions over mobile sand dunes was investigated by using a laser Doppler velocimeter and an acoustic backscatter system in laboratory experiments performed at the USDA-ARS-National Sedimentation Laboratory. Profiles of acoustic backscatter from particles and at-a-point turbulence data were collected while translating both measurement devices downstream at the speed of mobile dune bedforms. The resulting data set was used to examine the frequency (recurrence frequency) at which the fluctuating backscatter and fluid velocity signals exceeded magnitude thresholds based on the standard deviation (a) of the local velocity and the magnitude the acoustic signal resulting from backscatter from suspended particles. The slope of the downstream and vertical velocity recurrence frequencies generally indicated a gradually increasing recurrence time with increasing elevation. The recurrence frequency for acoustic backscatter data was not strongly variable with elevation. The closest correspondence between the recurrence frequencies of sediment backscatter and vertical velocities at the la magnitude threshold was in a region defined by X/L<0.4 and y<6 cm. The downstream velocity was most closely related to backscatter in a small region at 0.4 0.05) among wallow treatments. Regardless of treatment, sows spent approximately 82% of their total time budget inside the farrowing hut and only approximately 7% of their total time budget in the wallow. A total of 428 piglets died, 219 in the control treatment and 209 in the SH treatment. The majority of piglets in both treatments died of crushing within the first 72 h after parturition, and most of the piglets had suckled. Shade kept the shallow water profile cooler during the hotter afternoon temperatures compared with the control wallows. In SH for both the shallow and deep mud profiles, temperatures were consistent throughout the day. In conclusion, sows spent a large percentage of their daily time budget inside the farrowing hut and spent only brief episodes in the wallow. Shading the wallow did not result in increased wallow use time or improvements in sow physiology and overall performance. C1 [Johnson, A. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mitloehner, F. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morrow, J. L.] Texas Tech Univ, USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McGlone, J. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Pork Ind Inst, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Johnson, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM johnsona@iastate.edu RI Johnson, Anna/E-9319-2015 OI Johnson, Anna/0000-0001-7687-0465 FU USDA-Fund for Rural America; USDA-ARS; Consolidated Nutrition and Texas Tech Animal Science Research Funds FX This work was supported by USDA-Fund for Rural America, USDA-ARS, Consolidated Nutrition and Texas Tech Animal Science Research Funds. The authors thank Jerry Smith, Greg Collins, Jeffrey Dailey, Adam Lewis, Jessica Gentry, Cathy Dobbs, and Lindsey Hulbert for animal care and technical assistance. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 86 IS 12 BP 3628 EP 3634 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1064 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 376UQ UT WOS:000261208900040 PM 18708599 ER PT J AU Burns, JC AF Burns, J. C. TI ASAS Centennial Paper: Utilization of pasture and forages by ruminants: A historical perspective SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE centennial; forage; forage-animal interface; historical; ruminant ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NUTRITIVE VALUE INDEX; VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION; KENTUCKY-31 TALL FESCUE; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; ESOPHAGEAL-FISTULA; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; REED CANARYGRASS; BERMUDAGRASS PASTURES AB Pastures, forages, and grasslands dominate the landscape across the United States and support a large ruminant population that supplies the nation with value-added animal products. A historical perspective is presented of the innovations as they occurred in the Journal of Animal Science over the past 100 yr in pasture and forage research. Consideration was given to both animal and pasture perspectives. Areas given consideration from the animal perspective were schemes for feedstuff analysis, experimental design and statistics, forage sample preservation, indirect methods of measuring intake and digestion, TDN and energy, nutritive value, harvested forage, and innovations in the grazing environment. Areas given consideration from the forage perspective were a framework for forage-animal interface research, determining pasture yield, choice of stocking method, grazing management, partitioning of forage DM, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy technology, antiquality constituents, and forage sample preservation. Finally, the importance was discussed of applying research results from the forage-animal interface to general ruminant nutrition research beyond the interface that is focused on altered diets. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 205 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 86 IS 12 BP 3647 EP 3663 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1240 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 376UQ UT WOS:000261208900043 PM 18676715 ER PT J AU Scaglia, G Swecker, WS Fontenot, JP Fiske, D Fike, JH Abaye, AO Peterson, PR Clapham, W Hall, JB AF Scaglia, G. Swecker, W. S., Jr. Fontenot, J. P. Fiske, D. Fike, J. H. Abaye, A. O. Peterson, P. R. Clapham, W. Hall, J. B. TI Forage systems for cow-calf production in the Appalachian region (vol 86, pg 2032, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Scaglia, G.; Fontenot, J. P.; Hall, J. B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Swecker, W. S., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fiske, D.] Shenandoah Valley Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Steeles Tavern, VA 24476 USA. [Fike, J. H.; Abaye, A. O.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Peterson, P. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Clapham, W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Scaglia, G (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 86 IS 12 BP 3666 EP 3666 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-86-12-3666 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 376UQ UT WOS:000261208900045 ER PT J AU Chang, CL McInnis, DO AF Chang, C. L. McInnis, D. O. TI Mating competitiveness of the adult oriental fruit fly reared as larvae in liquid vs. those raised on standard wheat-based diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera dorsalis; fruit fly diet; fruit fly rearing; Sterile Insect Technique ID DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; LIFE-HISTORY; MELON FLY; PARAMETERS; SYSTEM; STRAIN; FLIES AB Three strains (standard laboratory, dorsalis translocation white pupae (DTWP) pupal colour sexing strain and wild strain) of adult oriental fruit flies, which were reared as larvae on liquid diet (LD), mill-feed diet (MF) (Tanaka's diet) or natural host fruit diet, were evaluated for mating competitiveness in both indoor and outdoor Boller's mating cages and outdoor field cages. The Relative Sterility Index (RSI) was used as an indicator of mating capability. The RSI between standard strain adults that grew as larvae in LD and those in Tanaka's MF indicated no statistically significant difference in Boller's mating cage results after irradiation and dye marking. These results show that irradiation and dye marking had no effect on laboratory mating ability. Adults of the DTWP genetic sexing strain based on pupal colour that were reared as larvae in a LD (DTWP-LD) or MF (DTWP-MF) had a lower mating ability than the standard laboratory strain in Boller's cages, and against the wild strain in both Boller's and field cages. However, there was no statistically significant difference between irradiated DTWP-LD strains in competition with non-irradiated standard laboratory strain or DTWP-MF strain in Boller's cages. These findings indicate that (i) the quality of the DTWP sexing strain may be less capable in mating than the standard laboratory and wild strains and (ii) LD reared larvae can produce adults of equal mating ability compared with adults reared on a conventional diet. LD reared fruit flies should therefore be ready for mass scale rearing for Sterile Insect Technique programmes following the completion of other field quality control tests, including those measuring dispersal abilities. C1 [Chang, C. L.; McInnis, D. O.] USDA ARS, USPBARC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, USPBARC, 2727 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM stella.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 132 IS 9-10 BP 806 EP 811 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01335.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 389PE UT WOS:000262106200016 ER PT J AU Faria, MJ Pereira, R Dellinger, T Teal, PEA AF Faria, M. J. Pereira, R. Dellinger, T. Teal, P. E. A. TI Influence of methoprene and protein on survival, maturation and sexual performance of male Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrolysed yeast; juvenile hormone analogue; male competitiveness; mating; Mediterranean fruit fly ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATING SUCCESS; ADULT DIET; NUTRITION; FIELD; FOOD; STRAINS AB The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), like many other polyphagous tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae), preforms a lek as mating system. The sterile insect technique (SIT) requires released males to survive in the field, and to compete with wild males in attracting, courting and mating with wild females. The effects of the juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene, and the incorporation of hydrolyzed yeast protein into the adult diet, on survival, sexual maturation and sexual performance of male C. capitata were evaluated for the four possible combinations of methoprene-treated or untreated, and protein-fed or deprived flies. The incorporation of protein had a positive impact on laboratory survival and accelerates the sexual maturation of mass-reared males. In addition, in the laboratory, male sexual performance was significantly higher in treatments with methoprene. However, field cage tests with mature and protein-fed wild males and females failed to show any effects of either factor on male sexual performance. The increased survival and the earlier sexual maturation of sterile males due to the addition of protein to the adult diet can positively influence the efficacy of SIT application against C. capitata. C1 [Pereira, R.] IAEA, Joint FAO, Programme Nucl Tech Food & Agr, Insect Pest Control Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Faria, M. J.; Dellinger, T.] Univ Madeira, Dept Biol, Funchal, Portugal. [Teal, P. E. A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Pereira, R (reprint author), IAEA, Joint FAO, Programme Nucl Tech Food & Agr, Insect Pest Control Sect, Wagramerstr 5,POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM r.cardoso-pereira@iaea.org FU International Atomic Energy Agency [12863] FX We thank to John Sivinski (CMAVE, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL, USA), Jorge Hendrichs (FAO/IAEA, Vienna, Austria), and other two anonymous referees for critical reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript and Meghan Brennan (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA) for the advice in the statistical survival analyses. This project was funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency (Research Contract 12863). NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 132 IS 9-10 BP 812 EP 819 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01360.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 389PE UT WOS:000262106200017 ER PT J AU Spence, C Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA AF Spence, C. Whitehead, T. R. Cotta, M. A. TI Development and comparison of SYBR Green quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection and enumeration of sulfate-reducing bacteria in stored swine manure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dsrA; real-time PCR; sulfate-reducing bacteria; swine manure; SYBR Green ID SULFITE REDUCTASE GENES; STORAGE PITS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; DESULFOVIBRIO; EMISSIONS AB To develop and evaluate primer sets targeted to the dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (dsrA) for use in quantitative real-time PCR detection of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in stored swine manure. Degenerate primer sets were developed to detect SRB in stored swine manure. These were compared with a previously reported primer set, DSR1F+ and DSR-R, for their coverage and ability to detect SRB communities in stored swine manure. Sequenced clones were most similar to Desulfovibrio sp. and Desulfobulbus sp., and these SRB populations differed within different manure ecosystems. Sulfur content of swine diets was shown to affect the population of Desulfobulbus-like Group 1 SRB in manure. The newly developed assays were able to enumerate and discern different groups of SRB, and suggest a richly diverse and as yet undescribed population of SRB in swine manure. The PCR assays described here provide improved and efficient molecular tools for quantitative detection of SRB populations. This is the first study to show population shifts of SRB in swine manure, which are a result of either the effects of swine diets or the maturity of the manure ecosystem. C1 [Spence, C.; Whitehead, T. R.; Cotta, M. A.] USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Spence, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, FBT, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cheryl.spence@ars.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2143 EP 2152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03900.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 375PH UT WOS:000261125300043 PM 19120660 ER PT J AU Mulbry, W Kondrad, S Buyer, J AF Mulbry, Walter Kondrad, Shannon Buyer, Jeffrey TI Treatment of dairy and swine manure effluents using freshwater algae: fatty acid content and composition of algal biomass at different manure loading rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dairy; Swine; Algae; Algal turf scrubber; Fatty acid; Lipid; Energy; Rhizoclonium ID WASTE-WATER; ENERGY-PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; TURF SCRUBBER; MICROALGAE; LIPIDS; BIODIESEL; RECOVERY; SYSTEM AB An alternative to land spreading of manure effluents is to mass-culture algae on the N and P present in the manure and convert manure N and P into algal biomass. The objective of this study was to determine how the fatty acid ( FA) content and composition of algae respond to changes in the type of manure, manure loading rate, and to whether the algae was grown with supplemental carbon dioxide. Algal biomass was harvested weekly from indoor laboratory-scale algal turf scrubber ( ATS) units using different loading rates of raw and anaerobically digested dairy manure effluents and raw swine manure effluent. Manure loading rates corresponded to N loading rates of 0.2 to 1.3 g TN m(-2) day(-1) for raw swine manure effluent and 0.3 to 2.3 g TN m(-2) day(-1) for dairy manure effluents. In addition, algal biomass was harvested from outdoor pilot-scale ATS units using different loading rates of raw and anaerobically digested dairy manure effluents. Both indoor and outdoor units were dominated by Rhizoclonium sp. FA content values of the algal biomass ranged from 0.6 to 1.5% of dry weight and showed no consistent relationship to loading rate, type of manure, or to whether supplemental carbon dioxide was added to the systems. FA composition was remarkably consistent among samples and > 90% of the FA content consisted of 14: 0, 16:0, 16:1 omega 7, 16:1 omega 9, 18:0, 18:1 omega 9, 18:2 omega 6, and 18:3 omega 3. C1 [Mulbry, Walter; Kondrad, Shannon; Buyer, Jeffrey] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 306,Room 109,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.mulbry@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 29 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 11 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1085 DI 10.1007/s10811-008-9314-8 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373FI UT WOS:000260956000009 ER PT J AU Thivierge, MC Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Orellana, RA Burrin, DG Jahoor, F Davis, TA AF Thivierge, M. Carole Bush, Jill A. Suryawan, Agus Nguyen, Hanh V. Orellana, Renan A. Burrin, Douglas G. Jahoor, Farook Davis, Teresa A. TI Positive net movements of amino acids in the hindlimb after overnight food deprivation contribute to sustaining the elevated anabolism of neonatal pigs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteolysis; fasting-feeding cycles; tyrosine kinetics; hindlimb skeletal muscle; neonate ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; PERFUSED RAT HINDQUARTER; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SUPPRESS PROTEOLYSIS; METABOLIC FATES; WHOLE-BODY; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; ACTIVATION; TRANSPORT AB During the neonatal period, high protein breakdown rate is a metabolic process inherent to elevated rates of protein accretion in skeletal muscle. To determine the relationship between hindlimb net movements of essential and nonessential amino acids in the regulation of hindlimb protein breakdown during an overnight fasting-feeding cycle, we infused overnight-food-deprived 10- and 28-day-old piglets with [1-(13)C] phenylalanine and [ring-(2)H(4)] tyrosine over 7 h (during 3 h of fasting and then during 4 h of feeding). Extraction rates for aspartate and glutamate after an overnight fast were 15% and 51% in the 10-day-old compared with 6% and 25% in the 28-day-old (P < 0.05) piglets, suggesting an altered requirement for precursors of amino acids to shuttle nitrogen to the liver as early life progresses. This occurred simultaneously with marginal positive hindlimb net balance of essential amino acids after an overnight fast, with negative net release of many nonessential amino acids, such as alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and proline. This suggests that newborn muscle does not undergo significant protein mobilization after a short period of fasting in support of an elevated rate of protein accretion. Furthermore, tyrosine efflux from hindlimb breakdown between overnight fasting and feeding periods was not different in the 10-day-old piglets, for which tyrosine was limiting, but when tyrosine supply balanced requirements in the 28-day-old piglet, hindlimb efflux was increased (P = 0.01). The results of the present study indicate that proteolysis and net movements of amino acids are coordinated mechanisms that sustain the elevated rate of net protein accretion during overnight feeding-fasting cycles in the neonate. C1 [Thivierge, M. Carole] Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Inst Nutr & Hlth, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. [Suryawan, Agus; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Orellana, Renan A.; Burrin, Douglas G.; Jahoor, Farook; Davis, Teresa A.] Univ Houston, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Bush, Jill A.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX USA. RP Thivierge, MC (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Inst Nutr & Hlth, Greenburn Rd, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. EM c.thivierge@rowett.ac.uk FU National Institutes of Health [R01-AR44474, T32 HD-074451]; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-AR44474 and T32 HD-074451 and the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6-001. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1959 EP 1966 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.90352.2008 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 378AP UT WOS:000261293800035 PM 18801965 ER PT J AU Choi, IH Moore, PA AF Choi, I. H. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Effect of Various Litter Amendments on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Content of Poultry Litter SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alum; liquid alum; high acid alum; Poultry Litter Treatment; aluminum chloride; Poultry Guard; fly ash; ammonia volatilization ID REDUCING PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; BROILER PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; DUST PRODUCTION; EMISSIONS; HOUSES; MANURE; MICROORGANISMS; SULFATE; WASTES AB Ammonia volatilization from poultry manure contributes to atmospheric N pollution, negatively affects poultry performance, and decreases the fertilizer value of manure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alum [Al(2)(SO(4))(3) center dot 14H(2)O], liquid alum, high acid alum (A7), aluminum chloride (AlCl(3) center dot 6H(2)O), fly ash, Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT), and Poultry Guard (PG) litter amendments on NH(3) volatilization and N contents in litter. Two laboratory studies were conducted for 42 d each. The treatments in experiment 1, which were mixed in the upper 1 cm of litter, were 4 g of alum, 8 g of alum, 8.66 g of liquid alum, 17.3 g of liquid alum, 11.2 g of A7,22.4 g of A7, 4 g of PG, 4 g of PLT, 4 g of fly ash, and 4 g of AlCl(3)/100 g of litter. The treatments for experiment 2 were identical to experiment 1, except the fly ash treatment was dropped and an additional 4 g of alum/100 g of litter treatment was added, which was incorporated totally within the litter. The various rates of dry alum, liquid alum, and A7 significantly decreased NH3 volatilization compared with the controls, with reductions ranging from 77 to 96% for experiment 1 and from 78 to 96% for experiment 2, respectively. Poultry Litter Treatment decreased NH(3) volatilization by 76 and 87% for experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Aluminum chloride decreased NH(3) volatilization by 48 and 92% for experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Litter treated with alum, liquid alum, A7, PLT, and AlCl(3) had a lower pH and a greater N content than the controls in experiment 1 and 2. In contrast, PG and fly ash resulted in a greater pH and were ineffective in decreasing NH(3) volatilization and increasing N contents in experiment 1. However, in experiment 2, PG was effective in reducting NH(3) loss. In this study, the decreased NH(3) volatilization was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH. C1 [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Choi, I. H.] Daegu Univ, Probiot Korea Inc, Gyongsan 712714, South Korea. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM philipm@uark.edu FU Korean Government [KRF-2005-214-F00044] FX We would like to thank David Horlick and Jerry Martin, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and Suzanne Horlick and Scott Becton, University of Arkansas, for laboratory assistance. This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD; KRF-2005-214-F00044). NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00012 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 394TS UT WOS:000262471700005 ER PT J AU Johny, AK Darre, MJ Hoagland, TA Schreiber, DT Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ Venkitanarayanan, K AF Johny, A. Kollanoor Darre, M. J. Hoagland, T. A. Schreiber, D. T. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue, D. J. Venkitanarayanan, K. TI Antibacterial Effect of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in Chicken Drinking Water SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; chicken drinking water; trans-cinnamaldehyde ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; HEAT-RESISTANCE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EGG TRANSMISSION; BROILER FLOCKS; RISK-FACTORS; RAW POULTRY; COLONIZATION AB Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni are 2 major foodborne pathogens in the United States, estimated to cause more than 3 million cases of human illness annually. Chickens are the natural hosts of these bacteria, and their drinking water can be a source of S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni, contributing to the colonization of birds. In this study, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), a natural, generally recognized as safe ingredient in cinnamon oil was evaluated for its efficacy to inactivate S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni in the drinking water of chickens. Well water containing 0, 0.016, 0.03, and 0.06% TC was inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of S. Enteritidis or C. jejuni (similar to 6 log10 cells/mL). Water samples containing 1% chicken feces or feed were also included. The samples were incubated at 12.5 or 25 degrees C for 7 d and analyzed for bacterial populations on d 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. Duplicate samples of treatments and control were included, and the study was replicated 3 times. Trans-cinnamaldehyde at 0.06% inactivated Salmonella completely after 24 h in water with 1% feces at both temperatures. In water containing 1% feed, TC (0.06%) reduced S. Enteritidis to undetectable levels after 3 d at 12.5 C or 7 d at 25 C. Presence of feed or feces in water reduced the antibacterial effect (P < 0.001) of TC. The effect of TC on C. jejuni was more pronounced than that on S. Enteritidis. The TC at 0.06% completely inactivated the pathogen after 1 d of incubation at both temperatures. The presence of feces or feed did not have any effect (P > 0.001) on the antibacterial property of TC on C. jejuni. Results indicate that TC is effective in killing S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni in chicken drinking water and may decrease the likelihood that water will contribute to colonization of chickens by these pathogens. C1 [Johny, A. Kollanoor; Darre, M. J.; Hoagland, T. A.; Schreiber, D. T.; Venkitanarayanan, K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, PPPSRU, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Venkitanarayanan, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu RI Kollanoor Johny, Anup/J-3771-2015 FU USDA; CSREES National Integrated Food Safety [2006-02429] FX Funded in part by USDA, CSREES National Integrated Food Safety Program no. 2006-02429 to Venkitanarayanan and Donoghue. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00051 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 394TS UT WOS:000262471700010 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Harmel, B Patterson, MC AF Harmel, R. Daren Harmel, B. Patterson, M. C. TI On-Farm Agro-Economic Effects of Fertilizing Cropland with Poultry Litter SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE by-product utilization; profitability; environmental sustainability; water quality ID WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS INDEX; LAND APPLICATION; MANURE; MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENTS; IMPACTS; TEXAS AB The profitability of using poultry litter as a fertilizer and soil amendment in cultivated agriculture was evaluated with the hopes of determining an economically optimal fertilization strategy. The traditional commercial ( inorganic) fertilizer practice was compared with several hybrid litter and commercial N fertilization alternatives in terms of on-farm agro-economic effects. Six years of land management, crop yield, crop price, and fertilizer cost data were collected from 6 field sites in central Texas and utilized for economic analysis. Varying litter and inorganic fertilizer combinations resulted in minimal differences in corn and wheat yields; however, total fertilizer costs increased significantly as litter application rate increased ( and commercial fertilizer rate decreased) in spite of dramatic cost increases for commercial fertilizer. The greatest average annual profits were determined to occur at the 1 and 2 tons/acre (ac) litter rates with 7 to 14% profit reductions for the commercial fertilizer-only treatment and the 3 tons/ac litter treatment. At litter rates greater than 3 tons/ac, diminishing returns were observed as fertilizer costs increased with no compensating greater yields to provide offsetting revenues. It is important to note that this economically optimal annual litter rate of 1 to 2 tons/ac is also environmentally optimal according to nutrient runoff and soil nutrient data collected on-site. These results provide the scientific basis to support the use of litter as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly fertilizer alternative in this and similar regions. C1 [Harmel, R. Daren] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Harmel, B.; Patterson, M. C.] Midwestern State Univ, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM daren.harmel@ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL); US Environmental Protection Agency; Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board (TSSWCB) FX Through various funding mechanisms, including its Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program and 319 Nonpoint Source grant program in cooperation with the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board (TSSWCB) has supported this research since 2001. The vision, dedication, and appreciation of the TSSWCB for real-world, long-term research and problem solving deserves special recognition. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00039 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 394TS UT WOS:000262471700017 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Farmer, BD Hawke, JP AF Darwish, Ahmed M. Farmer, Bradley D. Hawke, John P. TI Improved Method for Determining Antibiotic Susceptibility of Flavobacterium columnare Isolates by Broth Microdilution SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC BACTERIA; FISH; DISEASES AB A simple and reproducible microdilution method was developed to test the susceptibility of the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare to antibiotics in vitro. The testing was conducted at 28 degrees C for 44-48 h at two dilations of Mueller-Hinton broth (DMHB) using a standardized inoculum, a reference isolate of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 as a quality control organism, positive and negative control wells, and standardized custom-made microliter plates. The E. coli ATCC25922 and F. columnare ATCC23463 (the,species type strain) had significantly better growth in DMHB at 1:5 (4 g/L) than at 1:7 (3 g/L). The E. coli ATCC25922 was found to be acceptable as a reference isolate and produced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values similar to those in the range published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute derived using standard Mueller-Hinton broth. The new method was used to determine the MIC of 23 F. columnare isolates (representing the three genotypes of the species) to enrofloxacin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine, and oxolinic acid. C1 [Darwish, Ahmed M.; Farmer, Bradley D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Hawke, John P.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM ahmed.darwish@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1577/H07-047.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 500QT UT WOS:000270319500001 PM 19306607 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Darwish, A Fuller, A AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Darwish, Ahmed Fuller, Adam TI Comparison of Tank Treatments with Copper Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate for Sunshine Bass with Ichthyobodosis SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The biflagellated, single-celled parasite Ichthyobodo necator can cause significant losses among fish populations, particularly those cultured in tanks. Treatments of KMnO(4) and CuSO(4) were evaluated against a naturally occurring I. necator infestation on sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops x male striped bass M. saxatilis) raised in tanks. Four-hour static treatments with 3 mg of KMnO(4)/L of water (2.5 mg/L above the determined KMnO(4) demand) or 2 mg of CuSO(4)/L of water (total alkalinity = 207 mg/L; total hardness = 95 mg/L) were randomly applied to 4 tanks/treatment (23 fish/tank); the same treatments were reapplied 2 d later. Four tanks were used as positive controls. By 2 d posttreatment (after the second treatment), only 17.4% of the untreated control fish survived, and a sample of the remaining fish was heavily infested with I. necator. All remaining control fish were dead by 5 d posttreatment. The KMnO(4) treatment significantly curtailed the initial mortality (survival = 92.4%) and slightly reduced the high parasite loads at 2 d posttreatment. However, fish mortalities increased dramatically over the next 3 d (survival at 5 d posttreatment = 37.5%), and parasite loads from sampled fish remained high. The CuSO(4) treatment was effective in significantly lowering the parasite load (almost eliminating I. necator) and maintaining a high fish survival (87.5%) by 5 d posttreatment. The findings in this study clearly demonstrate that CuSO(4) is a viable treatment for ichthyobodosis in tanks. C1 [Mitchell, Andrew J.; Darwish, Ahmed; Fuller, Adam] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1577/H07-048.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 500QT UT WOS:000270319500003 PM 19306609 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Schmelz, EA Wackers, F Ruberson, J AF Chen, Yigen Schmelz, Eric A. Waeckers, Felix Ruberson, John R. TI Cotton Plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., Defense in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant-herbivore interactions; Tritrophic interactions; Plant resistance; Direct defense; Indirect defense; Spodoptera exigua; Malvaceae; Hymenoptera; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Braconidae; Cotesia marginiventris; Optimal defense (OD) theory ID PARASITOID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; VAPOR-PHASE EXTRACTION; JASMONIC ACID; SYSTEMIC INDUCTION; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VOLATILE EMISSION AB Plants respond to insect herbivory by producing dynamic changes in an array of defense-related volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites. A scaled response relative to herbivory levels and nutrient availability would be adaptive, particularly under nutrient-limited conditions, in minimizing the costs of expressed defensive pathways and synthesis. In this study, we investigated effects of varying nitrogen (N) fertilization (42, 112, 196, and 280 ppm N) on levels of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum) phytohormones [jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA)], terpenoid aldehydes (hemigossypolone, heliocides H(1), H(2), H(3), and H(4)), and volatile production in response to beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) herbivory. Additional bioassays assessed parasitoid (Cotesia marginiventris) host-searching success in response to cotton plants grown under various N fertilizer regimes. At low N input (42 ppm N), herbivore damage resulted in significant increases in local leaf tissue concentrations of JA and volatiles and in systemic accumulation of terpenoid aldehydes. However, increased N fertilization of cotton plants suppressed S. exigua-induced plant hormones and led to reduced production of various terpenoid aldehydes in damaged mature leaves and undamaged young leaves. While increased N fertilization significantly diminished herbivore-induced leaf volatile concentrations, the parasitism of S. exigua larvae by the parasitoid C. marginiventris in field cages did not differ among N treatments. This suggests that, despite significant N fertilization effects on herbivore-induced plant defenses, at short range, the parasitoids were unable to differentiate between S. exigua larvae feeding on physiologically different cotton plants that share large constitutive volatile pools releasable when damaged by herbivores. C1 [Ruberson, John R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Schmelz, Eric A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Waeckers, Felix] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Sustainable Agr, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Chen, Yigen] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ruberson, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ruberson@uga.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X; Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 FU Georgia Cotton Commission; Cotton Incorporated; National Academy of Sciences FX The research was supported by the Georgia Cotton Commission, Cotton Incorporated, and Grant-In-Aid of Research from the National Academy of Sciences, administered by Sigma Xi, the scientific Research Society to Y. Chen. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1553 EP 1564 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9560-x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379QL UT WOS:000261411200007 PM 19020938 ER PT J AU Deram, S Nicolau, CY Perez-Martinez, P Guazzelli, I Halpern, A Wajchenberg, BL Ordovas, JM Villares, SM AF Deram, Sophie Nicolau, Christiane Y. Perez-Martinez, Pablo Guazzelli, Isabel Halpern, Alfredo Wajchenberg, Bernardo L. Ordovas, Jose M. Villares, Sandra M. TI Effects of Perilipin (PLIN) Gene Variation on Metabolic Syndrome Risk and Weight Loss in Obese Children and Adolescents SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID 11482G-GREATER-THAN-A POLYMORPHISM; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PUBERTAL CHANGES; LOCUS; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; CHILDHOOD; HAPLOTYPE; PATTERN AB Context: Genetic polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus have been investigated for their potential utility as markers for obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). We examined in obese children and adolescents (OCA) aged 7-14 yr the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the PLIN locus with anthropometric, metabolic traits, and weight loss after 20-wk multi-disciplinary behavioral and nutritional treatment without medication. Design: A total of 234 OCA [body mass index (BMI = 30.4 +/- 4.4 kg/m(2); BMI Z-score = 2.31 +/- 0.4) were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. We genotyped four SNPs (PLIN1 6209T -> C, PLIN4 11482G -> A, PLIN5 13041A -> G, and PLIN6 14995A -> T). Results: Allele frequencies were similar to other populations, PLIN1 and PLIN4 were in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.999; P < 0.001). At baseline, no anthropometric differences were observed, but minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with higher triglycerides (111 +/- 49 vs. 94 +/- 42 mg/dl; P = 0.003), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40 +/- 9 vs. 44 +/- 10 mg/dl; P = 0.003) and higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (4.0 +/- 2.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.1; P +/- 0.015). Minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with MS risk (age and sex adjusted) hazard ratio 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.9) for genotype GA and 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-9.9) for AA. After intervention, subjects carrying minor allele T at PLIN6 had increased weight loss (3.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 1.9 +/- 3.4 kg; P = 0.002) and increased loss of the BMI Z-score (0.23 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.15; P +/- 0.003). Due to group size, risk of by-chance findings cannot be excluded. Conclusion: The minor A allele at PLIN4 was associated with higher risk of MS at baseline, whereas the PLIN6 SNP was associated with better weight loss, suggesting that these polymorphisms may predict outcome strategies based on multidisciplinary treatment for OCA. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 4933-4940, 2008) C1 [Deram, Sophie; Nicolau, Christiane Y.; Guazzelli, Isabel; Halpern, Alfredo; Villares, Sandra M.] FMUSP, Lab Invest Med 25, Lab Human Nutr & Metab Dis, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Hosp Clin, Children Obes Outpatient Clin, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad Nutr, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Wajchenberg, Bernardo L.] Hosp Clin FMUSP, Endocrine Serv, BR-05403000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Wajchenberg, Bernardo L.] Hosp Clin FMUSP, Inst Heart, BR-05403000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Deram, S (reprint author), HC FMUSP, Lab Human Nutr & Metab Dis LIM 25, Ave Doutor Arnaldo 455,Room 4305, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM sophiederam@usp.br OI Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoa de Nivel Superior) (Brazil); NIH/NHLBI [HL54776]; NIH/NIDDK [DK075030]; U. S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-9001] FX We sincerely thank research subjects who participated in the study. We also thank the support of Eliana Frazzatto, Mariana Rodrigues, and Barbara Lourenco. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Sophie Deram, Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Metabolic Disease - LIM-25 of HC-FMUSP, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 455, Room 4305, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil, CEP 01246-903. E-mail: sophiederam@usp.br.; This work was supported by Grants CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoa de Nivel Superior) (Brazil), NIH/NHLBI HL54776 and NIH/NIDDK DK075030, and by contract 58-1950-9001 from the U. S. Department of Agriculture Research Service.; Disclosure Statement: The authors have nothing to disclose. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 93 IS 12 BP 4933 EP 4940 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-0947 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 379LE UT WOS:000261396900050 PM 18812483 ER PT J AU Woods, DF Reen, FJ Gilroy, D Buckley, J Frye, JG Boyd, EF AF Woods, David F. Reen, F. Jerry Gilroy, Deirdre Buckley, Jim Frye, Jonathan G. Boyd, E. Fidelma TI Rapid Multiplex PCR and Real-Time TaqMan PCR Assays for Detection of Salmonella enterica and the Highly Virulent Serovars Choleraesuis and Paratyphi C SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME; UNITED-STATES; SEROTYPE CHOLERAESUIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SUBSPECIES-I; INFECTIONS; TYPHI; FOOD; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Salmonella enterica is a human pathogen with over 2,500 serovars characterized. S. enterica serovars Choleraesuis and Paratyphi C are two globally distributed serovars. We have developed a rapid molecular-typing method to detect serovars Choleraesuis and Paratyphi C in food samples by using a comparative-genomics approach to identify regions unique to each serovar from the sequenced genomes. A Salmonella-specific primer pair based on oriC was designed as an internal control to establish accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Serovar-specific primer sets based on regions of difference between serovars Choleraesuis and Paratyphi C were designed for real-time PCR assays. Three primer sets were used to screen a collection of over 100 Salmonella strains, and both serovars Choleraesuis and Paratyphi C gave unique amplification patterns. To develop the technique for practical use, its sensitivity for detection of Salmonella spp. in a food matrix was determined by spiking experiments. The technique was also adapted for a real-time PCR rapid-detection assay for both serovars Choleraesuis and Paratyphi C that complements the current procedures for Salmonella sp. isolation and serotyping. C1 [Boyd, E. Fidelma] Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Woods, David F.; Reen, F. Jerry] Natl Univ Ireland, UCC, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. [Gilroy, Deirdre] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Cork, Ireland. [Buckley, Jim] Cork Cty Council, Vet Lab, Cork, Ireland. [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Boyd, EF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM fboyd@udel.edu RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU FIRM; Department of Agriculture and Fishery Grant; Cork Council Student Grant FX We thank those who kindly provided us with some of the strains used in this study.; This study was supported by a FIRM, Department of Agriculture and Fishery Grant, Ireland, to E. F. B. and a Cork Council Student Grant to D. F. W. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4018 EP 4022 DI 10.1128/JCM.01229-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 377JQ UT WOS:000261247900023 PM 18923008 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Luchini, ND Reynal, SM Varga, GA Ishler, VA AF Broderick, G. A. Luchini, N. D. Reynal, S. M. Varga, G. A. Ishler, V. A. TI Effect on Production of Replacing Dietary Starch with Sucrose in Lactating Dairy Cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage; nonstructural carbohydrate; sucrose; starch ID MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; CONSUMING GRASS-SILAGE; ALFALFA SILAGE; PURINE DERIVATIVES; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; NITROGEN RELEASE; CRUDE PROTEIN AB Replacing dietary starch with sugar has been reported to improve production in dairy cows. Two sets of 24 Holstein cows averaging 41 kg/d of milk were fed a covariate diet, blocked by days in milk, and randomly assigned in 2 phases to 4 groups of 6 cows each. Cows were fed experimental diets containing [dry matter (DM) basis]: 39% alfalfa silage, 21% corn silage, 21% rolled high-moisture shelled corn, 9% soybean meal, 2% fat, 1% vitamin-mineral supplement, 7.5% supplemental nonstructural carbohydrate, 16.7% crude protein, and 30% neutral detergent fiber. Nonstructural carbohydrates added to the 4 diets were 1) 7.5% corn starch, 0% sucrose; 2) 5.0% starch, 2.5% sucrose; 3) 2.5% starch, 5.0% sucrose; or 4) 0% starch, 7.5% sucrose. Cows were fed the experimental diets for 8 wk. There were linear increases in DM intake and milk fat content and yield, and linear decreases in ruminal concentrations of ammonia and branched-chain volatile fatty acids, and urinary excretion of urea-N and total N, and urinary urea-N as a proportion of total N, as sucrose replaced corn starch in the diet. Despite these changes, there was no effect of diet on microbial protein formation, estimated from total purine flow at the omasum or purine derivative excretion in the urine, and there were linear decreases in both milk/DM intake and milk N/N-intake when sucrose replaced dietary starch. However, expressing efficiency as fat-corrected milk/DM intake or solids-corrected milk/DM intake indicated that there was no effect of sucrose addition on nutrient utilization. Replacing dietary starch with sucrose increased fat secretion, apparently via increased energy supply because of greater intake. Positive responses normally correlated with improved ruminal N efficiency that were altered by sucrose feeding were not associated with increased protein secretion in this trial. C1 [Broderick, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Luchini, N. D.] Conti Grp Inc, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. [Reynal, S. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Varga, G. A.; Ishler, V. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM glen.broderick@ars.usda.gov FU Conti-Group Inc FX The authors thank Rick Walgenbach and the farm crew for harvesting and storing the feedstuffs used in these trials; Len Strozinski and the barn crew for feeding and animal care at the US Dairy Forage Center Research Farm ( Prairie du Sac, WI); Wendy Radloff and Mary Becker for assisting with sampling and laboratory analyses; Tammy K. Miller Webster for starch and total sugar analyses on TMR; and Peter Crump for assisting with statistical analyses. Partial financial support for this research from Conti-Group Inc. is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 56 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 4801 EP 4810 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1480 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 376PO UT WOS:000261195700037 PM 19038955 ER PT J AU Hall, MB Mertens, DR AF Hall, M. B. Mertens, D. R. TI Technical Note: Effect of Sample Processing Procedures on Measurement of Starch in Corn Silage and Corn Grain SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE starch; analysis; corn silage; nonfiber carbohydrate AB Methods for processing feedstuffs before analysis can affect analytical results. Effects of drying temperature ( corn silage), preservation method ( corn grain), and grinding method ( corn silage and grain) on starch analysis values were evaluated. Corn silage samples dried at 55 or 105 degrees C and grain samples dried at 55 degrees C were ground to pass the 1-mm screen of an abrasion mill or cutting mill and analyzed for free glucose and starch corrected for free glucose. Starch analyses were performed in triplicate to assess the effect of treatment on precision of starch determination. Drying at 105 degrees C decreased free glucose and tended to decrease starch detected in silage. Decreased free glucose and starch values in silages dried at 105 degrees C may have been caused by the destruction of glucose and production of Maillard products through nonenzymatic browning. Maillard products with reducing activity could potentially interfere with the glucose oxidase-peroxidase glucose detection method used. Compared with the cutting mill, grinding samples through the abrasion mill increased the precision of starch measures in silage, likely due to the effect of the finer particle size produced by the abrasion mill allowing more accurate subsampling of a more homogeneous matrix. Starch values were greater for grain ground with an abrasion mill than with a cutting mill, with the difference greater for dry-rolled than for high-moisture corn. For starch analysis of corn silage and corn grain, drying at lower temperatures (55 degrees C) in forced-air ovens and grinding through the 1-mm screen of an abrasion mill or its equivalent is recommended. C1 [Hall, M. B.; Mertens, D. R.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM MaryBeth.Hall@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 4830 EP 4833 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1183 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 376PO UT WOS:000261195700040 PM 19038958 ER PT J AU Lanzas, C Broderick, GA Fox, DG AF Lanzas, C. Broderick, G. A. Fox, D. G. TI Improved Feed Protein Fractionation Schemes for Formulating Rations with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feed protein fractionation; protein supply; nutritional model ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DETERGENT-INSOLUBLE NITROGEN; IN-SITU DISAPPEARANCE; VARYING DIETARY RATIOS; SILAGE-BASED DIETS; CRUDE PROTEIN; OMASAL FLOW; RUMINAL DEGRADATION; MILK-PRODUCTION; ALFALFA SILAGE AB Adequate predictions of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) supplies are necessary to optimize performance while minimizing losses of excess nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the original Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein System (CNCPS) protein fractionation scheme and to develop and evaluate alternatives designed to improve its adequacy in predicting RDP and RUP. The CNCPS version 5 fractionates CP into 5 fractions based on solubility in protein precipitant agents, buffers, and detergent solutions: A represents the soluble nonprotein N, B1 is the soluble true protein, B2 represents protein with intermediate rates of degradation, B3 is the CP insoluble in neutral detergent solution but soluble in acid detergent solution, and C is the unavailable N. Model predictions were evaluated with studies that measured N flow data at the omasum. The N fractionation scheme in version 5 of the CNCPS explained 78% of the variation in RDP with a root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) of 275 g/d, and 51% of the RUP variation with RMSPE of 248 g/d. Neutral detergent insoluble CP flows were overpredicted with a mean bias of 128 g/d (40% of the observed mean). The greatest improvements in the accuracy of RDP and RUP predictions were obtained with the following 2 alternative schemes. Alternative 1 used the inhibitory in vitro system to measure the fractional rate of degradation for the insoluble protein fraction in which A = nonprotein N, B1 = true soluble protein, B2 = insoluble protein, C = unavailable protein ( RDP: R(2) = 0.84 and RMSPE = 167 g/d; RUP: R2 = 0.61 and RMSPE = 209 g/d), whereas alternative 2 redefined A and B1 fractions as the non-amino-N and amino-N in the soluble fraction respectively ( RDP: R2 = 0.79 with RMSPE = 195 g/d and RUP: R2 = 0.54 with RMSPE 225 g/d). We concluded that implementing alternative 1 or 2 will improve the accuracy of predicting RDP and RUP within the CNCPS framework. C1 [Lanzas, C.; Fox, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Broderick, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lanzas, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cl272@cornell.edu OI Lanzas, Cristina/0000-0002-4039-0336 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 4881 EP 4891 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1440 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 376PO UT WOS:000261195700046 PM 19038964 ER PT J AU Nansen, C Meikle, WG Campbell, J Phillips, TW Subramanyam, B AF Nansen, Christian Meikle, William G. Campbell, James Phillips, Thomas W. Subramanyam, Bhadriraju TI A Binomial and Species-Independent Approach to Trap Capture Analysis of Flying Insects SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IPM; monitoring; sequential sampling; binomial data ID SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLANS; FARM-STORED WHEAT; PROSTEPHANUS-TRUNCATUS COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; INDIAN MEAL MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; WEST-AFRICA; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; BOSTRICHIDAE AB Traps for monitoring of flying insect pests constitute a critical part of integrated pest management strategies. However, interpretation of trap captures is hampered by 1) factors associated with the performance of traps (i.e., lure, trap design, placement); 2) an often poorly defined relationship between trap captures and population density; and 3) interpretation approaches being highly specific to a certain insect species, trapping method, or trapping environment. The main purpose of this study was to identify a trap capture interpretation approach with little sensitivity to characteristics specific to a given data set, which would allow easier comparison of trapping data sets and make it easier to standardize sampling plans across insect pests and trapping environments. Based on fits of trapping data sets to standard distributions (normal, Poisson, and negative binomial), evaluations of the index of aggregation, k, and linear regression coefficients from Taylor's power law, we concluded that these characteristics varied considerably among data sets, which means that enumerative sampling plans may not be appropriate. Across 13 trapping data sets of six insect species, we showed a consistent nonlinear relationship between average trap captures and number of traps with zero captures and that the k can be stabilized by converting trapping data into binomial data. A trap interpretation approach based on number of zero captures is both easy to use, was found to be species-independent, and means that it may be possible to establish meaningful and reliable action thresholds based on trap captures of flying insects. Although developed using trapping data from food facilities, this approach may have application to trapping data from other environments as well. C1 [Nansen, Christian] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Meikle, William G.] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. [Campbell, James] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Phillips, Thomas W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Subramanyam, Bhadriraju] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Nansen, C (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dept, Campus Box 42122, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM cnansen@ag.tamu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1728 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1719 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700001 PM 19133448 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW Allen, CT AF kim, Kyung Seok Sappington, Thomas W. Allen, Charles T. TI Genetic Profiling to Determine Potential Origins of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Captured in a Texas Eradication Zone: Endemicity, Immigration, or Sabotage? SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis grandis; population genetics; dispersal; eradication ID GRANDIS-BOHEMAN COLEOPTERA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; MARKERS; MEXICO AB Thirty-seven boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were captured in pheromone traps near Lubbock, TX, in the Southern High Plains/Caprock eradication zone during August-October 2006. No boll weevils had been captured in this zone or neighboring zones to the north earlier in the year, and only very low numbers had been captured in neighboring zones to the south and east. Therefore, the captures near Lubbock were unexpected. Five of the weevils captured the last week of August were preserved and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci for comparison with a database of genotypes for 22 boll weevil populations sampled from eight U.S. states and four locations in Mexico. The Lubbock population itself is an unlikely source, suggesting that the captured weevils probably did not originate from a low-level endemic population. Populations from eastern states, Mexico, and Big Spring, TX, can be confidently excluded as potential source regions. Although the Weslaco and Kingsville, TX, areas cannot be statistically excluded, they are unlikely sources. The most likely sources are nearby areas in New Mexico, TX, or southwest Oklahoma, or from areas of eastern Texas represented by Waxahachie and El Campo populations. Together, genetic and circumstantial evidence suggest either that the trapped boll weevils are the offspring of alone mated female that immigrated from eastern Texas earlier in the summer or that weevils originally captured near Waxahachie but now long-dead were planted in the traps by a disgruntled employee of the eradication program. C1 [kim, Kyung Seok; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Allen, Charles T.] Texas Boll Weevil Eradicat Fdn Inc, Abilene, TX 79608 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1729 EP 1736 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1729 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700002 PM 19133449 ER PT J AU Villa, JD Rinderer, TE AF Villa, Jose D. Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Inheritance of Resistance to Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Crosses Between Selected Resistant Russian and Selected Susceptible US Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Acarapis woodi; genetic resistance; honey bees; tracheal mites ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; TRACHEAL MITES; INFESTATION; STOCKS; COLONIES; RENNIE AB The pattern of inheritance of tracheal mite resistance in selected Russian bees was determined in bioassays and in samples from field colonies. Resistant colonies of Russian origin and colonies selected for high susceptibility in the United States were used to generate divergent parental populations. Seven groups of F(1) colonies were produced by crossing queens and drones from these selected resistant Russian and selected susceptible Populations. In a series of bioassays with young workers exposed in infested colonies, average mite abundance (female mites per worker) in F(1) colonies was intermediate (1.04 +/- 0.13 [mean +/- SE]) and significantly different from that of both resistant Russian (0.74 +/- 0.13) and selected susceptible (1.57 +/- 0.13) colonies. Colonies representing the three populations were established in two apiaries in July 2005. Colonies surviving with original queens after 10 mo had mite prevalences supporting the findings of the bioassay. All three resistant colonies had undetectable mite levels, whereas prevalences in four F(1) colonies ranged from 0 to 53%, and in 10 susceptible colonies ranged from 0 to 90%. Tracheal mite resistance in Russian bees is likely polygenic, but there may be a number of genes with major dominance interacting with minor genes. Use of selected Russian queens mated with Russian drones or with drones from unknown sources is beneficial for beekeeping in areas with persistent problems with tracheal mite infestation. C1 [Villa, Jose D.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM josevilla@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1756 EP 1759 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1756 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700006 PM 19133453 ER PT J AU Chen, NL Leopod, RA Boetel, MA AF Chen, Nven-Long Leopod, Roger A. Boetel, Mark A. TI Cold Storage of Adult Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Effects on Maternal and Progeny Fitness SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold storage; Gonatocerus ashmeadi; adult; maternal and progeny fitness; demographics ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; GIRAULT HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GAHAN HYMENOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; SURVIVAL; AGE; PERFORMANCE; COLEOPTERA AB Storage of Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) adults at 2, 5, and 10 degrees C showed that these parasitoids do not survive at 2 degrees C for 5 d, and exposure to 5 and 10 degrees C shortens their life span. The lethal time (LT)(50) (i.e., length of storage time for 50% wasp Survival) at 5 degrees C was 14 d for males and approximate to 29 d for females, whereas at 10 degrees C was 32 and 39 d, respectively. Effects of adult storage at 10 degrees C on other factors indicating fitness, such as fecundity, developmental time, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio, were examined on female wasps and their progeny at 10-d intervals for up to 60 d. Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), eggs were used as hosts for propagation of this wasp and for assessing its oviposition and fecundity. Increasing adult storage time decreased the length of the ovipositional period for the maternal generation, and oviposition was decreased by 90% after 60-d storage. A significant reduction in maternal lifetime fecundity occurred after 20-d storage and in the incidence of parasitism after 40 d. We also found a carryover effect caused by storage of the maternal generation that was expressed in the F(1) generation. When cold storage of the adult parents was >= 20 d, we observed delayed development, decreased fecundity, reduced longevity, and increased male production occurring in the F(1) generation. Reduced fitness of the F(1) generation was also expressed as a decrease in net reproductive rate (R(0)) and an increase in mean generation time (T(c)). However, none of these deleterious effects were evident in the F(2) progeny that descended from grandparents that had experienced cold storage. Damage caused by indirect chilling injury and/or induced maternal aging occurring during storage can account for the decreased fitness of maternal and F(1) generations. Providing that the limits of cold tolerance of G. ashmeadi as defined in this study are not exceeded, our results show that short-term cold storage of adults could be used in a mass-rearing program. C1 [Leopod, Roger A.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chen, Nven-Long; Boetel, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Leopod, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM roger.leopold@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX We thank J. Zawadzki Perez for help in Culturing the host plants and insects. We especially thank C. O'Dell for greenhouse management. This research was supported by USDA-ARS. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1760 EP 1770 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1760 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700007 PM 19133454 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, Yong-Biao TI Low Temperature Phosphine Fumigation for Postharvest Control of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Lettuce, Broccoli, Asparagus, and Strawberry SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; phosphine; quarantine control; lettuce; broccoli ID ULTRALOW OXYGEN TREATMENT; STORED-PRODUCT; INSECTS AB U.S. exported lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberries often harbor western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a quarantined pest in Taiwan, and therefore require quarantine treatment. Fumigation with diluted pure phosphine at a low temperature of 2 degrees C was studied to control western flower thrips and to determine effects on the quality of the treated products. Total thrips control was achieved in >= 18-h fumigation treatments with >= 250 ppm phosphine. One day fumigation treatment with 1,000 ppm phosphine was tested on lettuce and broccoli. One-day fumigation treatments with 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm phosphine were tested on asparagus and strawberry. Visual quality of lettuce, broccoli, and asparagus was evaluated after 2-wk posttreatment storage. Strawberry quality was evaluated immediately after fumigation and after 1-wk posttreatment storage. For all the products, there were no significant differences between the treatments and the controls in postharvest quality, and there were no injuries caused by the fumigation treatments. Therefore, phosphine fumigation at low temperature was promising for postharvest control of western flower thrips on lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberry. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM yongbiao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service FX T thank K. Duun and J. Wasson for technical assistance Tanimura & Antle Co. for providing lettuce and broccoli, and Driscoll's for providing strawberries used in the Study. I also thank Drs. T.-X. Liu, Peter Follett, and James McCreight for helpful suggestions and comments to all earlier version of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by funding from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1786 EP 1791 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1786 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700010 PM 19133457 ER PT J AU Amarasekare, KG Chong, JH Epsky, ND Mannion, CM AF Amarasekare, Kaushalya G. Chong, Juang-Horng Epsky, Nancy D. Mannion, Catharine M. TI Effect of Temperature on the Life History of the Mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; survival; reproduction; thermal constants; development thresholds ID TIME AB Effect of temperature on the life history of the mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated in the laboratory. P. marginatus was able to develop and complete its life cycle at 18, 20, 25, and 30 +/- 1 degrees C. At 15, 34, and 35 degrees C, the eggs hatched after 27.5, 5.9, and 5.5 d of incubation, respectively, but further development of the first-instar nymphs was arrested. No eggs hatched at 37 degrees C. The developmental time for egg to adult was the longest at 18 degrees C for both males and females. Approximately 80-90% of the eggs survived between 20 and 30 degrees C. The highest fecundity was at 25 degrees C with each female producing an average of 300 eggs. Adult longevity, and preoviposition and oviposition periods increased with decreasing temperature up to 25 degrees C. The proportion of females was approximate to 42% at 25 degrees C and was between 70 and 80% at 18, 20, and 30 degrees C. Adult males and females required 303.0 and 294.1 degree-days (DD), respectively, to complete their development. The estimated minimum temperature thresholds for the adult males and females were 14.5 and 13.9 degrees C, respectively. For adult males, the estimated optimum and maximum temperature thresholds were 28.7 and 31.9 degrees C; and for adult females, they were 28.4 and 32.1 degrees C, respectively. The ability of P. marginatus to develop, survive, and reproduce successfully between 18 and 30 degrees C suggests that it has the capability to develop and establish in areas within this temperature range. C1 [Amarasekare, Kaushalya G.; Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Chong, Juang-Horng] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Epsky, Nancy D.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Amarasekare, KG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM kaushalya2641@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1798 EP 1804 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1798 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700012 PM 19133459 ER PT J AU Moreno, B Macias, J Sullivan, BT Clarke, SR AF Moreno, Benjamin Macias, Jorge Sullivan, Brian T. Clarke, Stephen R. TI Field Response of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) to Synthetic Semiochemicals in Chiapas, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; endo-brevicomin; monitoring; pheromone; attractant synergist ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; ENDO-BREVICOMIN; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BARK BEETLES; ENANTIOMERS; COMPONENT; TRAP AB Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is the most serious pest of pines (Pinus spp.) in Mexico, Conspecifics are attracted to trees undergoing colonization by the aggregation pheromone frontalin, which is synergized by odors of pine oleoresin released from beetle-damaged lost tissue. Synthetic racemic frontalin combined with turpentine has been the operational bait used in traps for monitoring populations of D. frontalis in Mexico as well as the United States, Recently, racemic endo-brevicomin has been reported to be a synergist of the frontalin/turpentine bait and as an important component of the aggregation pheromone for D. frontalis populations in the United States. To determine whether racemic endo-brevicomin also might function as an aggregation synergist for the geographically isolated D. frontalis populations of Central America and Mexico, we performed a field trapping trial in Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Chiapas, Mexico, during July and August 2007. The combination of endo-brevicomin (placed either directly on the trap or 4 in away) plus racemic frontalin and turpentine caught at least 5 times more D. frontalis of both sexes than did turpentine either alone or in combination with either frontalin or endobrevicomin. The addition of endo-brevicomin to the frontalin/turpentine bait also increased the proportion of females trapped. We conclude that the addition of endo-brevicomin might substantially improve the efficiency of the frontalin/turpentine bait for monitoring of D. frontalis in Central America and Mexico. We discuss factors that reconcile our results with previous studies that reported endo-brevicomin to be an attractant antagonist for populations of D,frontalis in Mexico and Honduras. C1 [Moreno, Benjamin; Macias, Jorge] El Colegio Frontera, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Sullivan, Brian T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Clarke, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Lufkin, TX 75902 USA. RP Macias, J (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera, Km 2-5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. EM jmacias@ecosur.mx RI Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012 FU USDA-ARS; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia FX We thank to the field staff of the Lagunas de Montebello National Park for all the support and facilities provided during the trapping trials, especially Edelmi Espinosa, Roberto Castellanos and Jose Odon Nunez,. We thank to Javier Valle for statistical support and advice, and Leopoldo Cruz-Lopez and Julio Rojas for revising the final version of this manuscript, We also thank USDA-ARS Forest Service for financial support. Benjamin Moreno thanks Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia for the Master scholarship provided. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1825 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1821 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700015 PM 19133462 ER PT J AU Francese, JA Oliver, JB Fraser, I Lance, DR Yousef, N Sawyer, AJ Mastro, VC AF Francese, Joseph A. Oliver, Jason B. Fraser, Ivich Lance, David R. Yousef, Nadeer Sawyer, Alan J. Mastro, Victor C. TI Influence of Trap Placement and Design on Capture of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; visual cues; purple; prism trap; trap height ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; BILINEATUS WEBER COLEOPTERA; 2-LINED CHESTNUT BORER; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAPROXYLIC BEETLES; CERAMBYCIDAE; ATTRACTION; SCOLYTIDAE; PATTERNS; FOREST AB The key to all effective pest management program for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera Buprestidae), is a survey program equipped with tools for detecting and delimiting populations. We studied the effects of trap design, color, and placement on the efficacy of sticky traps for capturing the emerald ash borer. There were significant differences in trap catch along a transect gradient from wooded to open field conditions, with most beetles being caught along the edge, or in open fields, 15-25 in outside all ash (Fraxinus spp. L.) (Oleaceae) woodlot. Greater emerald ash borer catch occurred oil purple traps than oil red or white traps. Traps placed ill the mid-canopy of ash trees (13 m) caught significantly more beetles than those placed at ground level. We also describe a new trap design, a three-sided prism trap, which is relatively easy to assemble and deploy. C1 [Francese, Joseph A.; Lance, David R.; Sawyer, Alan J.; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Otis Lab, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. [Oliver, Jason B.; Yousef, Nadeer] Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Mcminnvile, TN 37110 USA. [Fraser, Ivich] USDA APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Francese, JA (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Otis Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. EM joe.francese@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1831 EP 1837 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1831 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700017 PM 19133464 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Cosse, AA Dunlap, C Fisher, J Koppenhoffer, AM AF Behle, R. W. Cosse, A. A. Dunlap, C. Fisher, J. Koppenhoeffer, A. M. TI Developing Wax-Based Granule Formulations for Mating Disruption of Oriental Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating disruption; oriental beetle; granule formulation; soywax; turfgrass ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; BLUEBERRIES AB Oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is a pest of turfgrass that may be controlled by applications of synthetic pheromone (Z)-/ (E)-7-tetradecen-2-one to disrupt mating. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine release profiles of pheromone from experimental wax-based granules, a proprietary wax granule, and rubber septa commonly used in pheromone traps. Rubber septa loaded with 10, 100, and 300 mu g per septum provided steady rates of pheromone release (zero-order) over 4 wk of laboratory evaluation (total = 1.1, 9.0, and 26.9 mu g/4 wk, respectively). Septa with 1,000 mu g per septum had a significant decline in the rate of pheromone release for this 4-wk exposure time (total = 119 mu g/4 wk). A large proprietary wax granule (44 mg per granule, 25% wt:wt pheromone) provided a steady rate of pheromone release (total = 2,347 mu g/4 wk per granule). Experimental granules (16 mg per granule) made of soywax with higher pheromone loads (10% wt:wt) approached zero-order release (steady state) (total = 69 mu g/4 wk per granule), whereas smaller granules (4 mg per granule) with less pheromone (0.1% wt:wt) provided first-order release profiles (decreasing rate with longer exposure time) (total = 0.35 mu g/4 wk per granule). A field trial in turfgrass demonstrated the potential of selected granular formulations to provide effective mating disruption for up to 4 wk, as measured by pheromone trap shutdown. Documenting pheromone release profiles for these experimental granules and rubber septa provides valuable information that will support future field evaluations of mating disruption as a control strategy. C1 [Behle, R. W.; Cosse, A. A.; Dunlap, C.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fisher, J.] Suterra LLC, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Koppenhoeffer, A. M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08019 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ Ave, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM robert.behle@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association; Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science FX We appreciate the technical assistance of Erica Goett and Julie Byrd (USDA-ARS-NCAUR) and Eugene Fuzy and Matthew Resnik (Rutgers University). This research was supported in part by grants from the U.S, Golf Association and the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1856 EP 1863 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1856 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700020 PM 19133467 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Harrison, HF AF Jackson, D. Michael Harrison, Howard F., Jr. TI Effects of a Killed-Cover Crop Mulching System on Sweetpotato Production, Soil Pests, and Insect Predators in South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; pitfall traps; no-till; Ipomoea batatas ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; WEED SUPPRESSION; RESISTANT; AGRICULTURE; ARTHROPODS; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; RYE AB Sweetpotatoes, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae), are typically grown on bare soil where weeds and erosion can be serious problems. Conservation tillage systems using cover crop residues as mulch can help reduce these problems, but little is known about how conservation tillage affects yield and quality of sweetpotato or how these systems impact populations of beneficial and pest insects. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, in 2002-2004 to evaluate production of sweetpotatoes in conventional tillage versus a conservation tillage system by using an oat (Avena sativa L. (Poaceae)-crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) (Fabaceae) killed-cover crop (KCC) mulch. The four main treatments were 1) conventional tillage, hand-weeded; 2) KCC, hand-weeded; 3) conventional tillage, weedy; and 4) KCC, weedy. Each main plot was divided into three subplots, whose treatments were sweetpotato genotypes: 'Ruddy', which is resistant to soil insect pests; and 'SC1149-19' and 'Beauregard', which are susceptible to soil insect pests. For both the KCC and conventional tillage systems, sweetpotato yields were higher in plots that received hand weeding than in weedy plots. Orthogonal contrasts revealed a significant effect of tillage treatment (conventional tillage versus KCC) on yield in two of the 3 yr. Ruddy remained resistant to injury by soil insect pests in both cropping systems; and it consistently had significantly higher percentages of clean roots and less damage by wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena complex, sweetpotato flea beetles, grubs, and sweetpotato weevils than the two susceptible genotypes, In general, injury to sweetpotato roots by soil insect pests was not significantly higher in the KCC plots than in the conventionally tilled plots. Also, more fire ants, rove beetles, and carabid beetle were captured by pitfall traps in the KCC plots than in the conventional tillage plots during at least 1 yr of the study. This Study suggests that a sweetpotatoes can be successfully grown under a killed-cover crop production system. C1 [Jackson, D. Michael; Harrison, Howard F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM mike.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1880 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1871 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700022 PM 19133469 ER PT J AU Unruh, T Willett, L AF Unruh, Thomas Willett, Laura TI Survey for Resistance to Four Insecticides in Myzus persicae Clones from Peach Trees and Weeds in South-Central Washington SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecticide resistance; Myzus persicae; peach; potato; integrated pest management ID POTATO APHIDS; POPULATIONS; HEMIPTERA; SULZER; METHYLATION; GENES; DNA AB The insecticides esfenvalerate, endosulfiLll, irnidacloprid, and inethainiclophos were screened against 74 clonal Populations of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), collected as fundatrices from peach (Prunus spp.) and as apterous virginoparae from various weeds near potato (Solanum spp.) fields in the Yakima Valley and Columbia Basin regions of Washington state. Response to diagnostic concentration Of four insecticide products demonstrated a bimodal pattern of survival to endosulfan (Phaser), suggesting two phenotype classes responding to this insecticide. This pattern was not observed with the other products. Moderately significant correlations in mortality of aphid clones treated with diagnostic concentrations of endosulfan versus clones treated with methamidophos and similarly with the correlation of mortalities for imidacloprid-treated versus methamidophos-treated clones suggested modest levels of cross tolerance. No significant correlations were observed with the remaining four possible comparisons. Concentration-response bioassays were conducted oil 16 clones with the four insecticides. The greatest difference between resistant and susceptible clones (expressed as the ratio of lethal concentrations producing 50% mortality; RR) was only seven-fold observed in the endosulfan-treated clones. The greatest RR was five-fold for imidacloprid, four-fold for esfenvalerate, and three-fold for methamidophos-treated clones. Only the endosulfan response is likely to be of biological significance and reflects the same cyclodiene resistance discovered in this region over a decade ago. C1 [Unruh, Thomas; Willett, Laura] ARS, USDA, Yakima, WA 98951 USA. RP Unruh, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowae Pass Rd, Yakima, WA 98951 USA. EM thomas.unruh@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Shiguang/G-7471-2012 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1919 EP 1926 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1919 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700028 PM 19133475 ER PT J AU Guedes, RNC Zhu, KY Opit, GP Throne, JE AF Guedes, R. N. C. Zhu, K. Y. Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. TI Differential Heat Shock Tolerance and Expression of Heat-Inducible Proteins in Two Stored-Product Psocids SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat stress; heat treatment; Lepinotus reticulatus; Liposcelis entomophila; heat shock proteins ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA PSOCOPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LEPINOTUS-RETICULATUS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; POPULATION-GROWTH; STRESS; GRAIN; TIME; TENEBRIONIDAE AB The recent recognition of psocids as a major concern in stored products and also the reemergence of heat treatment as a control tactic of stored-product insects led to the present investigation. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in heat shock tolerance of two species of stored-product psocids-Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae) and Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae)-and to determine whether heat shock proteins (HSPs) underlay such tolerance. Time-response bioassays were therefore carried out at increasing temperatures for both psocids. The lethal time (LT)(50) and LT(95) estimates were correlated with the expression of heat shock proteins after exposure at the same range of temperatures for 30 min. The expression of HSP was determined through Western blot analyses using HSP 70 antibody. Liposcelis entomophila was more than two-fold more tolerant than L. reticulatus for nearly all of the range of temperatures (>= 40.0 degrees C). Expression of HSP 70 was not observed for either of the psocid species, but the expression of two low-molecular-mass heat-inducible proteins (HIPs; 23 and 27 kDa) was observed in L. entomophila. The expression of these small proteins was induced by exposure to higher temperatures, and the trend wits particularly strong for HIP 27. In contrast, no expression of small heat-inducible proteins was detected in L. reticulatus, reflecting its higher susceptibility to heat treatments. The relatively high heat tolerance of L. entomophila might help explain its more common Occurrence in grain stored in warmer regions of the world. C1 [Guedes, R. N. C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Anim Biol, BR-36571 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Guedes, R. N. C.; Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.] Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Zhu, K. Y.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opit, G. P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Guedes, RNC (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Anim Biol, BR-36571 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM guedes@ufv.br NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1974 EP 1982 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-101.6.1974 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379XU UT WOS:000261430700035 PM 19133482 ER PT J AU Moffitt, LJ Stranlund, JK Osteen, CD AF Moffitt, L. Joe Stranlund, John K. Osteen, Craig D. TI Robust detection protocols for uncertain introductions of invasive species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive Species; Inspections; Uncertainty; Robustness ID MODEL AB Two important features of real-world port inspections of shipping containers for invasive species are the general absence of underlying economic considerations and the climate of severe uncertainty that surrounds the likelihood of invasive species introductions. In this article we propose and illustrate a method for determining inspection protocols that address both Of these issues. We seek inspection protocols that are robust in the sense that they maximize the value of uncertainty over which the expected loss from the introduction of uncertainty over which the expected loss from the introduction of an invasive species plus the costs of inspections do not exceed some critical value. These inspection strategies are practical and provide ready alternatives to existing protocols. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moffitt, L. Joe; Stranlund, John K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Osteen, Craig D.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Moffitt, LJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, 212B Stockbridge Hall,80 Campus Ctr Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM moffitt@resecon.umass.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [43-3AEM-4-80115]; Cooperative State Research Extansion, Education Service, US Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station [MAS00861] FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Department of Agriculture under USDA/ERS/PREISM Cooperative Agreement no. 43-3AEM-4-80115. Additional support was provided by the Cooperative State Research Extansion, Education Service, US Department of Agriculture. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station under Project no. MAS00861. This article has benefited from the helpful comments of Barry C. Field and Yakov Ben-Haim. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 SI SI BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.018 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360SU UT WOS:000260078900004 PM 17723260 ER PT J AU Davis, LM Spackman, E AF Davis, Lisa Marie Spackman, Erica TI Do Crocodilians Get the Flu? Looking for Influenza A in Captive Crocodilians SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; NORTH-AMERICA; DUCKS; INFECTION; H5N1; WATERFOWL; FLORIDA; ASSAY AB It is well established that several wild aquatic bird species serve as reservoirs for the influenza A virus. It has also been shown that the influenza A virus can be transmitted to mammalian species such as tigers and domestic cats and dogs through ingestion of infected birds. Another group of animals that should also be considered as potential hosts for the influenza A virus are the crocodilians. Many crocodilian species share aquatic environments with wild birds that are known to harbor influenza viruses. In addition, many large crocodilians utilize birds as a significant food source. Given these factors in addition to the close taxonomic proximity of aves to the crocodilians, it is feasible to ask whether crocodilian species may also harbor the influenza A virus. Here we analyzed 37 captive crocodilians from two locations in Florida (plus 5 wild bird fecal-samples from their habitat) to detect the presence of influenza A virus. Several sample types were examined. Real-time RT-PCR tests targeting the influenza A matrix gene were positive for four individual crocodilians-Alligator sinensis, Paleosuchus trigonatus, Caiman latirostris and Crocodylus niloticits. Of the seven serum samples tested with the avian influenza virus agar gel immunodiffusion assay, three showed a nonspecific reaction to the avian influenza virus antigen-A. sinensis, P. trigonatus and C. niloticus (C. latirostris was not tested). Viable virus could not be recovered from RT-PCR-positive samples, although this is consistent with previous attempts at viral isolation in embryonated chicken eggs with crocodilian viruses. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:571-580, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Davis, Lisa Marie] Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Spackman, Erica] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Davis, LM (reprint author), Appl Biosyst Inc, 850 Lincoln Ctr Dr, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. EM davislm@appliedbiosystems.com FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-039] FX Grant sponsor: USDA-ARS CRIS; Grant number: 6612-32000-039. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 309A IS 10 SI SI BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1002/jez.454 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 377AE UT WOS:000261223300002 PM 18381628 ER PT J AU Roberts, JS Kidd, DR Padilla-Zakour, O AF Roberts, John S. Kidd, David R. Padilla-Zakour, Olga TI Drying kinetics of grape seeds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diffusion; drying; equilibrium moisture content; grape seeds; thin-layer models ID SORPTION ISOTHERM; LAYER; WASTE; AIR; DEHYDRATION; VEGETABLES; POMACE; MODELS; GRAIN; OIL AB Drying of grape seeds representing waste products from white wine processing (Riesling), red wine processing (Cab Franc), and juice processing (Concord) was studied at 40, 50, and 60 degrees C and constant air velocity of 1.5 m/s. Equilibrium moisture content had a significant effect on the normalized drying curve and was determined for each grape seed at each drying temperature. Effective moisture diffusivity ranged between 1.57 and 3.96 x 10(-10) m(2)/S for Riesling seeds, 2.93-5.91 x 10(-10) m(2)/S for Concord seeds, and 3.89-8.03 x 10(-10) m(2)/S for Cab Franc seeds. The temperature dependence of the effective diffusivity followed an Arrhenius relationship, and the activation energies were 40.14 kJ/mol for Riesling seeds, 30.45 kJ/mol for Concord seeds, and 31.47 kJ/mol for Cab Franc seeds. Three thin-layer models were used to predict the drying curves: Page model, Lewis model, and the Henderson-Pabis model. All three models were found to produce accurate predictions compared to the mass average moisture loss for each grape seed variety (percent error less than 10%), and the Lewis model was shown to be an excellent model for predicting all three grape seed varieties (percent error less than 5%). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Roberts, John S.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kidd, David R.; Padilla-Zakour, Olga] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Roberts, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jsrob25@hotmail.com RI Padilla-Zakour, Olga/I-5671-2015 NR 32 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 460 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.05.030 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 339NI UT WOS:000258583900015 ER PT J AU Sabliov, CM Boldor, D Coronel, P Sanders, TH AF Sabliov, Cristina M. Boldor, Dorin Coronel, Pablo Sanders, Timothy H. TI CONTINUOUS MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF PEANUT BEVERAGES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID MILK AB The feasibility of peanut beverage sterilization by continuous microwave heating as an alternative to conventional ultrahigh temperature (UHT) system processing was studied. Dielectric properties of two products, Peanut Punch (Nestle Trinidad and Tobago Ltd., Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago) and Jamaican Irish Moss Peanut Drink (distributed by Eve Sales Co., Bronx, NY) were measured. The products had similar dielectric properties. Values for the dielectric constant (average of 60) and dielectric loss (average of 23) indicated that the two products were good candidates for rapid microwave heating. The products were processed in a 5 kW focused microwave unit, at two different flow rates, 1 and 2 L/min. The short time required to reach 130C and the uniformity of the temperature distribution indicated that microwave heating could be used as a sterilization step in a UHT process for peanut-based beverages. Further studies need to be conducted on microbiological and chemical changes of the product before continuous microwave heating can be implemented as an alternative sterilization step to conventional UHT processes of peanut beverages. C1 [Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit,Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sabliov, Cristina M.; Boldor, Dorin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Coronel, Pablo] Unilever Food & Hlth Res Inst, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit,Dept Food Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim.sanders@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0145-8892 EI 1745-4549 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 935 EP 945 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00223.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 376YI UT WOS:000261218500005 ER PT J AU Kreske, AC Bjornsdottir, K Breidt, F Hassan, H AF Kreske, Audrey C. Bjornsdottir, Kristin Breidt, Fred, Jr. Hassan, Hosni TI Effects of pH, Dissolved Oxygen, and Ionic Strength on the Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Organic Acid Solutions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR PH; REDUCTION TIMES; ACETIC-ACID; REDUCED PH; O157-H7; FOODS; TOLERANCE; CELLS AB The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to survive in acidified vegetable products is of concern because of previously documented outbreaks associated with fruit juices. A study was conducted to determine the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in organic acids at pH values typical of acidified vegetable products (pH 3.2 and 3.7) under different dissolved oxygen conditions (<= 0.05 and 5 mg/liter) and a range of ionic strengths (0.086 to 1.14). All solutions contained 20 mM gluconic acid. which was used as a noninhibitory low pH buffer to compare the individual acid effect to that of pH alone on the survival of E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 cells challenged in buffered solution with ca. 5-mg/liter dissolved oxygen (present in lap water) over a range of ionic strengths at pH 3.2 exhibited a decrease in survival over 6 h at 30 degrees C as the ionic strength was increased. Cells challenged in 40 mM protonated L-lactic and acetic acid solutions with ionic strength of 0.684 achieved a >4.7-log CFU/ml reduction at pH 3.2. However, under oxygen-limiting conditions in an anaerobic chamber. with <= 0.05-mg/liter oxygen, E. coli O157:H7 cells showed <= 1.55-log CFU/ml reduction regardless of pH, acid type, concentration, or ionic strength. Many acid and acidified foods are sold in hermetically sealed containers with oxygen-limiting conditions. Our results demonstrate that E. coli O157:H7 may survive better than previously expected from studies with acid Solutions containing dissolved oxygen. C1 [Kreske, Audrey C.; Bjornsdottir, Kristin; Breidt, Fred, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hassan, Hosni] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Breidt, Fred, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Fred.Breidt@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2404 EP 2409 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 380NR UT WOS:000261472900004 PM 19244891 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Turner, JA Buongiorno, J Zhu, SS Li, RH AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Turner, James A. Buongiorno, Joseph Zhu, Shushuai Li, Ruhong TI Some Timber Product Market and Trade Implications of an Invasive Defoliator: The Case of Asian Lymantria in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE exotic pest; timber markets; forest products; international trade ID INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; EXOTIC BARK; NEW-ZEALAND; FOREST; WOOD; INTERCEPTIONS; COLEOPTERA; GROWTH; IMPACT; COSTS AB US policy and forest product industry decisionmakers need quantitative information about the magnitude of timber product market impacts from the possible introduction of an exotic and potentially dangerous defoliating forest pest. We applied the Global Forest Products Model to evaluate the effects on the United States of an invasion by the Asian gypsy (Lymantria dispor L) and/or nun (Lymantria monacha L.) moths. Results suggest that the current ban on softwood log imports from the Russian For East has little effect, beyond what market forces alone would do, on the likelihood of the introduction of the pests in the country. However, an introduction of the pests in the United States, by the timber trade or other means, could have severe impacts on the timber product market, particularly if the United States' trading partners responded by banning imports of US logs. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhu, Shushuai] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Li, Ruhong] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us; James.Turner@scionresearch.com; jbuongio@wisc.edu; sszhu@yahoo.com; rli@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 8 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZH UT WOS:000262058600006 ER PT J AU Canton-Thompson, J Gebert, KM Thompson, B Jones, G Calkin, D Donovan, G AF Canton-Thompson, Janie Gebert, Krista M. Thompson, Brooke Jones, Greg Calkin, David Donovan, Geoff TI External Human Factors in Incident Management Team Decisionmaking and Their Effect on Large Fire Suppression Expenditures SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland fire expenditures; wildfire; wildland fire cost containment; wildland fire decisionmaking ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FOREST SERVICE; CREWS; AREA AB Large wildland fires are complex, costly events influenced by a vast array of physical, climatic, and social factors. Changing climate, fuel buildup due to post suppression, and increasing populations in the wildland-urban interface have all been blamed for the extreme fire seasons and rising suppression expenditures of recent years. With each high-cost year comes a multitude of fire cost reviews, suppression cost studies by federal oversight agencies, and new rules and regulations focused on containing or reducing suppression costs. However, largely ignored in many of these inquiries are the human factors and pressures outside (external to) the influence of the incident team managing a fire that are contributing to the problem. This article presents an in-depth examination of some external human factors that affect incident management team (IMT) decisionmaking and influence suppression costs. Data were collected during 2004 and 2005 through 48 in-depth interviews with IMT command and general staff members representative of each Geographic Area Coordination Center, a I federal agencies, and many state agencies whose employees serve on teams. External human factors identified include risk management; interaction with agency administrators; policies, regulations, and rules; resource availability; and social-political pressure. Inattention to these factors can result in policies that adversely affect IMTs charged with managing highly volatile events in a safe, timely, and cost-efficient manner. C1 [Canton-Thompson, Janie; Gebert, Krista M.; Jones, Greg; Calkin, David] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Thompson, Brooke] Management & Engn Technol Int Inc, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Donovan, Geoff] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Canton-Thompson, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jcantonthompson@fs.fed.us; kgebert@fs.fed.us; brookethompson@fs.fed.us; jgjones@fs.fed.us; decalkin@fs.fed.us; gdonovan@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 8 BP 416 EP 424 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZH UT WOS:000262058600007 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Webster, J Powers, RF Mills, J AF Zhang, Jianwei Webster, Jeff Powers, Robert F. Mills, John TI Reforestation after the Fountain Fire in Northern California: An Untold Success Story SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest fires; reforestation; carbon storage and sequestration; plant diversity ID PONDEROSA PINE; VEGETATION; FOREST AB Forest fires have been burning "hot" across the United States and particularly in the West in recent years. So, too, will the debate on postfire management strategies. In this article, we present a successful reforestation project after a catastrophic fire in 1992. Sixteen years later, most lands are covered with vigorous young forest stands. These regenerated stands have sequestered a large amount of atmospheric carbon, although still not to the level of previous stands. Furthermore, these managed stands will provide wood to consumers and support the local economy in the future. In contrast, adjacent lands without reforestation are fully occupied with shrubs and a few hardwood tree species, going through a long process of natural succession. We conclude that in this particular case active reforestation is the most effective method to quickly restore forest cover. C1 [Zhang, Jianwei; Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Webster, Jeff] Total Forestry, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. [Mills, John] Roseburg Forest Prod, Weed, CA 96094 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us; jeffw@totalforestry.net; bpowers@fs.fed.us; johnm@wmbeaty.com NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 8 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZH UT WOS:000262058600008 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Donoghue, EM Moseley, C AF Charnley, Susan Donoghue, Ellen M. Moseley, Cassandra TI Forest Management Policy and Community Well-Being in the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Northwest Forest Plan; forest communities; socioeconomic monitoring; Pacific Northwest; US Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management ID PRODUCTS AB This study uses a multiscale, multimethods approach to examine the effects of declining timber harvests on the well-being of forest communities in the Pacific Northwest as a result of the Northwest Forest Plan (the Plan). We found that the effects of declining timber harvests were variable and depended on the importance of the timber sector in a community in the late 1980s, the extent to which federal timber supported that sector, and the degree to which local residents depended on US Forest Service jobs. In addition, we found that other goods, services, and opportunities associated with federal lands declined under the Plan, further affecting communities by curtailing private and public sector business and employment opportunities. Community effects also depended on the unique circumstances of a community. A socioeconomic well-being index we developed indicated that overall, communities Within five miles of a federal forest were not doing as well as communities farther away. C1 [Charnley, Susan; Donoghue, Ellen M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Moseley, Cassandra] Univ Oregon, Ecosyst Workforce Program, Inst Sustainable Environm, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us; edonoghue@fs.fed.us; cmoseley@uoregon.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 106 IS 8 BP 440 EP 447 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZH UT WOS:000262058600010 ER PT J AU Pauly, GB Ron, SR Lerum, L AF Pauly, Gregory B. Ron, Santiago R. Lerum, Lance TI Molecular and Ecological Characterization of Extralimital Populations of Red-Legged Frogs from Western North America SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANA-AURORA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AMPHIBIANS; DISEASE; NEVADA; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; COMPLEX; RANIDAE AB Extralimital populations of red-legged frogs have recently been found on Graham Island (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, and on Chichagof Island, Alaska. Both islands are well north of the traditionally understood (or core) range of red-legged frogs in western North America. The Chichagof Island frogs are known to be introduced, and the Graham Island frogs are suspected to be introduced. However, species-level identification of these populations remains uncertain. Recent phylogeographic analyses have demonstrated that there are two species of red-legged frogs, Rana aurora and Rana draytonii, and R. aurora is more closely related to the Cascades Frog, Rana cascadae (i.e., [aurora + draytonii] is not monophyletic). Here, we compare new mtDNA sequence data from these extralimital populations to available sequences from 50 populations from the core range of red-legged frogs. These results demonstrate that both extralimital populations are the Northern Red-Legged Frog, R. aurora, and are most closely related to haplotypes found in the most northern clade of R. aurora. Further, we conduct ecological niche modeling under current conditions and future conditions that assume a global warming scenario to assess habitat suitability in southeastern Alaska and the Queen Charlotte Islands and the potential for the persistence and expansion of the extralimital populations. These analyses suggest that the extralimital populations occur in the most suitable habitat on Graham and Chichagof Islands and that suitability will increase on Graham and decrease on Chichagof Island in the future. These results are used to discuss several management options for the extralimital R. aurora. C1 [Pauly, Gregory B.; Ron, Santiago R.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pauly, Gregory B.; Ron, Santiago R.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Nat Sci Ctr, Univ Stn C0930 1, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pauly, Gregory B.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Museo Zool, Ctr Biodiversidad & Ambiente, Escuela Biol, Quito, Ecuador. [Lerum, Lance] US Forest Serv, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Pauly, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gbpauly@ucdavis.edu OI Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 668 EP 679 DI 10.1670/07-303R1.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 385WZ UT WOS:000261845600008 ER PT J AU Chu-Agor, ML Wilson, GV Fox, GA AF Chu-Agor, M. L. Wilson, G. V. Fox, G. A. TI Numerical Modeling of Bank Instability by Seepage Erosion Undercutting of Layered Streambanks SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; SLOPE INSTABILITY; RIVER; FAILURE; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; LANDSLIDES; SEDIMENT AB Undercutting, primarily considered due to fluvial mechanisms, has been reported to have a major impact on slope failure. Predicting bank collapse specifically due to seepage erosion undercutting by particle mobilization on layered streambanks has not been fully studied or modeled, even though its role in streambank erosion may be important. The limitation originates from the limited field measurements or laboratory experiments as well as the unavailability of discrete element models that can effectively simulate seepage particle mobilization, undercutting, and the corresponding mass wasting. The objective of this research was to demonstrate a procedure for incorporating seepage undercutting into bank stability models and to investigate the role of seepage undercutting on bank instability. The question to be addressed is whether seepage particle mobilization can lead to distances of undercutting that are a significant cause of bank instability. A numerical finite-element model, SEEP/W, was used to model soil-water pressure variations during seepage observed in laboratory experiments with two-dimensional soil lysimeters. Flow parameters were calibrated using measured soil-water pressure and cumulative discharge. A general limit equilibrium bank stability model (SLOPE/W) was used to simulate bank stability with and without seepage erosion undercutting by comparing the computed factor of safety, Fs, at different stages of the seepage erosion process with regard to input parameter uncertainty using Monte Carlo analysis. The percentage decrease in the mean Fs ranged between 42 and 91% as the depth of undercutting increased, dependent upon the initial stability of the bank. A stable bank (i.e., Fs>1) can quickly become unstable (i.e., Fs < 1) when seepage undercutting is considered. For stable banks, the probability of failure reached 100% when the depth of the undercutting reached approximately 30 to 50 mm under these experimental conditions. The results derived are specific to the streambank simulated but are expected to be comparable for similar layered streambank lithologies reported to occur in numerous geographical locations. This research also highlights the need to incorporate the dynamic process of seepage erosion undercutting into integrated subsurface flow and streambank stability models. C1 [Chu-Agor, M. L.; Fox, G. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Wilson, G. V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM magor@okstate.edu; gvwilson@ars.usda.gov; garey.fox@okstate.edu OI Chu, Ma Librada/0000-0003-3732-7165 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture [2005-35102-17209] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, under Award No. 2005-35102-17209. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1133 EP 1145 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:12(1133) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 372YI UT WOS:000260937800004 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Painter, TH Cline, D Armstrong, R Haran, T McDonald, K Forster, R Elder, K AF Davis, Robert E. Painter, Thomas H. Cline, Don Armstrong, Richard Haran, Terry McDonald, Kyle Forster, Rick Elder, Kelly TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Spaceborne Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; THEMATIC MAPPER; GRAIN-SIZE; COVER; RESOLUTION; RETRIEVAL AB This paper describes satellite data collected as part of the 2002/03 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include multispectral and hyperspectral optical imaging, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The CLPX multispectral optical data include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM +), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS), and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR). The spaceborne hyperspectral optical data consist of measurements acquired with the NASA Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion imaging spectrometer. The passive microwave data include observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) for Earth Observing System (EOS; AMSR-E). Observations from the Radarsat synthetic aperture radar and the SeaWinds scatterometer flown on QuikSCAT make up the active microwave data. C1 [Davis, Robert E.] USACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.; Forster, Rick] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Cline, Don] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Remote Sensing Hydrol Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Armstrong, Richard; Haran, Terry] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McDonald, Kyle] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM robert.e.davis@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise; Terrestrial Hydrology Program; Earth Observing System Program; Airborne Science Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U. S. Army Basic Research Program; National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for Wales; Science Research Investment Fund; Cardiff University; Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology FX This work was funded through the cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise, Terrestrial Hydrology Program, Earth Observing System Program, and Airborne Science Program; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U. S. Army Basic Research Program; the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); the Japan Science and Technology Corporation; and the National Assembly for Wales, Science Research Investment Fund, Cardiff University. A portion of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. More than 200 people participated in the planning and execution of CLPX 2002/03. Their efforts are very much appreciated. We would also like to thank the two anonymous and thorough reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1427 EP 1433 DI 10.1175/2008JHM926.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600019 ER PT J AU Hardy, J Davis, R Koh, Y Cline, D Elder, K Armstrong, R Marshall, HP Painter, T Saint-Martin, GC Deroo, R Sarabandi, K Graf, T Koike, T McDonald, K AF Hardy, Janet Davis, Robert Koh, Yeohoon Cline, Don Elder, Kelly Armstrong, Richard Marshall, Hans-Peter Painter, Thomas Saint-Martin, Gilles Castres Deroo, Roger Sarabandi, Kamal Graf, Tobias Koike, Toshio McDonald, Kyle TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Local Scale Observation Site SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The local scale observation site (LSOS) is the smallest study site (0.8 ha) of the 2002/03 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) and is located within the Fraser mesocell study area. It was the most intensively measured site of the CLPX, and measurements here had the greatest temporal component of all CLPX sites. Measurements made at the LSOS were designed to produce a comprehensive assessment of the snow, soil, and vegetation characteristics viewed by the ground-based remote sensing instruments. The objective of the ground-based microwave remote sensing was to collect time series of active and passive microwave spectral signatures over snow, soil, and forest, which is coincident with the intensive physical characterization of these features. Ground-based remote sensing instruments included frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars operating over multiple microwave bandwidths; the Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer (GBMR-7) operating at channels 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89 GHz; and in 2003, an L-, C-, X- and Ku-band scatterometer radar system. Snow and soil measurements included standard snow physical properties, snow wetness, snow depth transects, and soil moisture. The stem and canopy temperature and xylem sap flux of several trees were monitored continuously. Five micrometeorological towers monitored ambient conditions and provided forcing datasets for 1D snow and soil models. Arrays of pyranometers (0.3-3 mu m) and a scanning thermal radiometer (8-12 mu m) characterized the variability of radiative receipt in the forests. A field spectroradiometer measured the hyperspectral hemispherical-directional reflectance of the snow surface. These measurements, together with the ground-based remote sensing, provide the framework for evaluating and improving microwave radiative transfer models and coupling them to land surface models. The dataset is archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado. C1 [Hardy, Janet; Davis, Robert; Koh, Yeohoon] US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cline, Don] NOAA, NWS, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Armstrong, Richard; Marshall, Hans-Peter] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Painter, Thomas] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Saint-Martin, Gilles Castres; Deroo, Roger; Sarabandi, Kamal] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Graf, Tobias; Koike, Toshio] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [McDonald, Kyle] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hardy, J (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM janet.p.hardy@usace.army.mil RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010; De Roo, Roger/J-2208-2012; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637; De Roo, Roger/0000-0001-8391-2950; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; U. S. Army Basic Research Program; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Assembly for Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund, Cardiff; Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology FX This work was funded through cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program, the U. S. Army Basic Research Program, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the National Assembly for Wales, Strategic Research Investment Fund, Cardiff. A portion of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1434 EP 1442 DI 10.1175/2008JHM875.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600020 ER PT J AU Frankenstein, S Sawyer, A Koeberle, J AF Frankenstein, Susan Sawyer, Anne Koeberle, Julie TI Comparison of FASST and SNTHERM in Three Snow Accumulation Regimes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; BOREAL FOREST; STAND-SCALE; MODEL; COVER; ABLATION; BASIN; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION AB Numerical experiments of snow accumulation and depletion were carried out as well as surface energy fluxes over four Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) sites in Colorado using the Snow Thermal model (SNTHERM) and the Fast All-Season Soil Strength model (FASST). SNTHERM is a multilayer snow model developed to describe changes in snow properties as a function of depth and time, using a one-dimensional mass and energy balance. The model is intended for seasonal snow covers and addresses conditions found throughout the winter, from initial ground freezing in the fall to snow ablation in the spring. It has been used by many researchers over a variety of terrains. FASST is a newly developed one-dimensional dynamic state-of-the-ground model. It calculates the ground's moisture content, ice content, temperature, and freeze-thaw profiles as well as soil strength and surface ice and snow accumulation/depletion. Because FASST is newer and not as well known, the authors wanted to determine its use as a snow model by comparing it with SNTHERM, one of the most established snow models available. It is demonstrated that even though FASST is only a single-layer snow model, the RMSE snow depth compared very favorably against SNTHERM, often performing better during the accumulation phase. The surface energy fluxes calculated by the two models were also compared and were found to be similar. C1 [Frankenstein, Susan] USA, ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Sawyer, Anne] NOAA NWS NOHRSC, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Koeberle, Julie] Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Snow Survey Off, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Frankenstein, S (reprint author), USA, ERDC CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM susan.frankenstein@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1443 EP 1463 DI 10.1175/2008JHM865.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600021 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, J Rowlands, A Hardy, J Link, T Marks, D Essery, R Sicart, JE Ellis, C AF Pomeroy, John Rowlands, Aled Hardy, Janet Link, Tim Marks, Danny Essery, Richard Sicart, Jean Emmanuel Ellis, Chad TI Spatial Variability of Shortwave Irradiance for Snowmelt in Forests SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST; THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; COVER DEPLETION; ENERGY-BALANCE; MELT RATE; CANOPY; RADIATION; ABLATION; STANDS; MODEL AB The spatial variation of melt energy can influence snow cover depletion rates and in turn be influenced by the spatial variability of shortwave irradiance to snow. The spatial variability of shortwave irradiance during melt under uniform and discontinuous evergreen canopies at a U. S. Rocky Mountains site was measured, analyzed, and then compared to observations from mountain and boreal forests in Canada. All observations used arrays of pyranometers randomly spaced under evergreen canopies of varying structure and latitude. The spatial variability of irradiance for both overcast and clear conditions declined dramatically, as the sample averaging interval increased from minutes to 1 day. At daily averaging intervals, there was little influence of cloudiness on the variability of subcanopy irradiance; instead, it was dominated by stand structure. The spatial variability of irradiance on daily intervals was higher for the discontinuous canopies, but it did not scale reliably with canopy sky view. The spatial variation in irradiance resulted in a coefficient of variation of melt energy of 0.23 for the set of U. S. and Canadian stands. This variability in melt energy smoothed the snow-covered area depletion curve in a distributed melt simulation, thereby lengthening the duration of melt by 20%. This is consistent with observed natural snow cover depletion curves and shows that variations in melt energy and snow accumulation can influence snow-covered area depletion under forest canopies. C1 [Pomeroy, John; Ellis, Chad] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5CB, Canada. [Rowlands, Aled; Essery, Richard] Univ Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. [Hardy, Janet] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Link, Tim] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Marks, Danny] Agr Res Serv, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. [Sicart, Jean Emmanuel] Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. RP Pomeroy, J (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, 117 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5CB, Canada. EM john.pomeroy@usask.ca RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013; OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 FU NOAA GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP); U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The financial support of the NOAA GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP), U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada is greatly appreciated. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers and the guest editor for comments that improved this manuscript. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1482 EP 1490 DI 10.1175/2008JHM867.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600023 ER PT J AU Marks, D Reba, M Pomeroy, J Link, T Winstral, A Flerchinger, G Elder, K AF Marks, D. Reba, M. Pomeroy, J. Link, T. Winstral, A. Flerchinger, G. Elder, K. TI Comparing Simulated and Measured Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes over Snow under a Pine Canopy to Improve an Energy Balance Snowmelt Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIARID MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; RAIN-ON-SNOW; BOREAL FOREST; TURBULENT FLUXES; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; SIERRA-NEVADA; ALPINE REGION; LIQUID WATER; TUNDRA SITE; SURFACE AB During the second year of the NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX), an eddy covariance (EC) system was deployed at the Local Scale Observation Site (LSOS) from mid-February to June 2003. The EC system was located beneath a uniform pine canopy, where the trees are regularly spaced and are of similar age and height. In an effort to evaluate the turbulent flux calculations of an energy balance snowmelt model (SNOBAL), modeled and EC-measured sensible and latent heat fluxes between the snow cover and the atmosphere during this period are presented and compared. Turbulent fluxes comprise a large component of the snow cover energy balance in the premelt and ripening period (March-early May) and therefore control the internal energy content of the snow cover as melt accelerates in late spring. Simulated snow cover depth closely matched measured values (RMS difference 8.3 cm; Nash-Sutcliff model efficiency 0.90), whereas simulated snow cover mass closely matched the few measured values taken during the season. Over the 927-h comparison period using the default model configuration, simulated sensible heat H was within 1 W m(-2), latent heat L(nu)E within 4 W m(-2), and cumulative sublimation within 3 mm of that measured by the EC system. Differences between EC-measured and simulated fluxes occurred primarily at night. The reduction of the surface layer specification in the model from 25 to 10 cm reduced flux differences between EC-measured and modeled fluxes to 0 W m(-2) for H, 2 W m(-2) for L(nu)E, and 1 mm for sublimation. When only daytime fluxes were compared, differences were further reduced to 1 W m(-2) for L(nu)E and < 1 mm for sublimation. This experiment shows that in addition to traditional mass balance methods, EC-measured fluxes can be used to diagnose the performance of a snow cover energy balance model. It also demonstrates the use of eddy covariance methods for measuring heat and mass fluxes from snow covers at a low-wind, below-canopy site. C1 [Marks, D.; Winstral, A.; Flerchinger, G.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Reba, M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID USA. [Pomeroy, J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Link, T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Elder, K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Marks, D (reprint author), ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM ars.danny@gmail.com RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [GC03-404]; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment FX The research and analysis presented in this paper were funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, with support from the NOAA GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP) (Project GC03-404); the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; and the NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment. Special thanks go to Richard Essery and Aled Rowlands, University of Wales, Aberystwyth; Janet Hardy and Robert Davis, USACE Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; and Don Cline, NOAA National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. NR 97 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1506 EP 1522 DI 10.1175/2008JHM874.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600025 ER PT J AU Dugravot, S Backus, EA Reardon, BJ Miller, TA AF Dugravot, Sebastien Backus, Elaine A. Reardon, Brendon J. Miller, Thomas A. TI Correlations of cibarial muscle activities of Homalodisca spp. sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with EPG ingestion waveform and excretion SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electrical penetration graph; Electronic monitoring; Xylella fastidiosa; Pierce's Disease; Feeding ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; STYLET PENETRATION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SENSORY SYSTEMS; COAGULATA; HOMOPTERA; TRANSMISSION; LEAFHOPPERS; PLANTS AB Fluid flow into and out of the stylets of xylem-ingesting sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) is powered by muscles of the cibarial Pump. Such fluid flow is crucial for transmission of Xylella fastidiosa, the Pierce's Disease bacterium, yet has not been rigorously studied via electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology. We correlated EPG waveforms with electromyographically (EMG) recorded muscle potentials from the cibarial dilator muscles, which power the piston-like cibarial diaphragm. There was a 1:1 correspondence of each cycle of cibarial muscle contraction/relaxation with each plateau of EPG waveform C. Results definitively showed that the C waveform represents active ingestion, i.e. fluid flow is propelled by cibarial Muscle contraction. Moreover, each C waveform episode represents Muscular diaphragm Uplift, probably combined with a "bounce" from cuticular elasticity, to provide the suction that pulls fluid into the stylets. Fine structure of the EPG ingestion waveform represents directionality of fluid flow, supporting the primary role of streaming potentials as the electrical origin of the C waveform. Rhythmic bouts of cibarial pumping Were generally correlated with sustained production of excretory droplets. However, neither the onset nor cessation of ingestion was correlated with onset or cessation of excretion, respectively. Volume of excreta is an inexact measure of ingestion. Implications for using EPG to Understand the mechanism of X fastidiosa transmission are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Backus, Elaine A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Dugravot, Sebastien; Reardon, Brendon J.; Miller, Thomas A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sebastien.dugravot@univ-rennes1.fr; elaine.backus@ars.usda.gov; brendon.reardon@aphis.usda.gov; thomas.miller@ucr.edu RI Miller, Thomas/F-7512-2012 FU University of California Pierce's Disease Research Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the University of California Pierce's Disease Research Program. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1467 EP 1478 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.05.008 PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 383FZ UT WOS:000261660800003 PM 18789944 ER PT J AU Siracusa, MC Reece, JJ Urban, JF Scott, AL AF Siracusa, Mark C. Reece, Joshua J. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Scott, Alan L. TI Dynamics of lung macrophage activation in response to helminth infection SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nematode; hygiene hypothesis; pulmonary; alternatively activated; arginase; YM1; FIZZ1 ID ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; SELECTIVE UP-REGULATION; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; T-CELL RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; APOPTOTIC CELLS; ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB Most of our understanding of the development and phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) has been obtained from studies investigating the response of bone marrow-and peritoneal-derived cells to IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation. Comparatively little is known about the development of AAMs in the lungs, and how the complex signals associated with pulmonary inflammation influence the AAM phenotype. Here, we use Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to initiate AAM development and define the dynamics of surface molecules, gene expression, and cell function of macrophages isolated from lung tissue at different times postinfection ( PI). Initially, lung macrophages take on a foamy phenotype, up-regulate MHC and costimulatory molecules, express reduced levels of TNF and IL-12, and undergo proliferation. Cells isolated between days 8 and 15 PI adopt a dense, granular phenotype and exhibit reduced levels of costimulatory molecules and elevated levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) and PDL-2 and an increase in IL-10 expression. Functionally, AAMs isolated on days 13-15 PI demonstrate an enhanced capacity to take up and sequester antigen. However, these same cells did not mediate antigen-specific T cell proliferation and dampened the proliferation of CD3/CD28-activated CD4+ T cells. These data indicate that the alternative activation of macrophages in the lungs, although initiated by IL-4/IL-13, is a dynamic process that is likely to be influenced by other immune and nonimmune factors in the pulmonary environment. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84: 1422-1433; 2008. C1 [Siracusa, Mark C.; Reece, Joshua J.; Scott, Alan L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Scott, AL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ascott@jhsph.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U01 HL66623]; NIH Training [T32AI007417] FX This work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (U01 HL66623), NIH Training Grant T32AI007417, and the Hegner-Cort- Root Fellowship to M. C. S. We thank Jason Bailey and Anne Jedlicka ( Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Gene Array Core Facility) for assistance with microarray experiments. We also thank Egbert Hoiczyk and Janet Folmer for electron microscopy assistance. NR 70 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1422 EP 1433 DI 10.1189/jlb.0308199 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 374GR UT WOS:000261032300009 PM 18719016 ER PT J AU Patel, N Hamamouch, N Li, CY Hussey, R Mitchum, M Baum, T Wang, XH Davis, EL AF Patel, Nrupali Hamamouch, Noureddine Li, Chunying Hussey, Richard Mitchum, Melissa Baum, Thomas Wang, Xiaohong Davis, Eric L. TI Similarity and Functional Analyses of Expressed Parasitism Genes in Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; beet cyst nematode; esophageal gland cells; Heterodera glycines; Heterodera schachtii; host-parasite relationship; parasitism genes; RNA interference; secretions; soybean cyst nematode; syncytium ID NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ESOPHAGEAL GLAND-CELLS; SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANTS; HOST; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB The secreted proteins encoded by "parasitism genes" expressed within the esophageal gland cells of cyst nematodes play important roles in plant parasitism. Homologous transcripts and encoded proteins of the Heterodera glycines pioneer parasitism genes Hgsyv46, Hg4e02 and Hg5d08 were identified and similarly expressed within die esophageal glands cells of Heterodera schachtii, Constitutive expression of Hs4e02 and Hs5D08 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana did not produce any visible phenotypic changes in plant growth and development nor affect. the number of H. schachtii females that developed on roots of those plants. Constitutive;And nematode-inducible Arabidopsis expression of double-stranded RNA complementary to Hssyv46, a parasitism gene with function similar to plant CLAVATA3/ESR peptides, resulted in a significant (P <= 0.05) 36% decrease in H. schachtii female numbers and significant host-derived RNA interference-mediated silencing of Hssyv46 transcript levels in nematodes excised from those root. Significant and specific effects of Arabidopsis host-derived RNAi complementary to Hs5d08 or Hv4e02 on H. schachtii female development were not observed, however, LIP to 20% reduction in H. schachtii female numbers were observed in roots of these plants. C1 [Patel, Nrupali; Hamamouch, Noureddine; Li, Chunying; Davis, Eric L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Unit 4, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Hussey, Richard] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mitchum, Melissa] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mitchum, Melissa] Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Baum, Thomas] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Plant Protect Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Patel, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Unit 4, 840 Method Rd,Box 7903, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM eric_davis@ncsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [2005-35604-15434, 2006-35607-6601]; United Soybean Board [7214]; Agricultural Research Service of North Carolina State University FX This research was supported by grants 2005-35604-15434 and 2006-35607-6601 front the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program of the United States Department of Agriculture, grant #7214 front the United Soybean Board, and the Agricultural Research Service of North Carolina State University. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 21 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 299 EP 310 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 478QQ UT WOS:000268603300009 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Yetley, EA Lau, J AF Lichtenstein, Alice H. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Lau, Joseph TI Application of Systematic Review Methodology to the Field of Nutrition SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; CONSORT STATEMENT; HEALTH CLAIMS; QUALITY; FOOD; SUPPLEMENTATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; METAANALYSES AB Systematic reviews represent a rigorous and transparent approach to synthesizing scientific evidence that minimizes bias. They evolved within the medical community to support development of clinical and public health practice guidelines, set research agendas, and formulate scientific consensus statements. The use of systematic reviews for nutrition-related topics is more recent. Systematic reviews provide independently conducted comprehensive and objective assessments of available information addressing precise questions. This approach to summarizing available data is a useful tool for identifying the state of science including knowledge gaps and associated research needs, supporting development of science-based recommendations and guidelines, and serving as the foundation for updates as new data emerge. Our objective is to describe the steps for performing systematic reviews and highlight areas unique to the discipline of nutrition that are important to consider in data assessment. The steps involved in generating systematic reviews include identifying staffing and planning for outside expert input, forming a research team, developing an analytic framework, developing and refining research questions, defining eligibility criteria, identifying search terms, screening abstracts according to eligibility criteria, retrieving articles for evaluation, constructing evidence and summary tables, assessing methodological quality and applicability, and synthesizing results including performing meta-analysis, if appropriate. Unique and at times challenging, nutrition-related considerations include baseline nutrient exposure, nutrient status, bioequivalence of bioactive compounds, bioavailability, multiple and interrelated biological functions, undefined nature of some interventions, and uncertainties in intake assessment. Systematic reviews are a valuable and independent component of decision-making processes by groups responsible for developing science-based recommendations and policies. J. Nutr. 138. 2297-2306, 2008. C1 [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Yetley, Elizabeth A.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lau, Joseph] Tufts Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Tufts Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [290-02-0022]; U.S. Department of Health and Human Service; Office of Dietary Supplements; NIH FX Supported by Contract No. 290-02-0022 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, with funding from the Office of Dietary Supplements, the NIH. The authors of this report are responsible for its content. Statements in the report should not be construed as an endorsement by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the NIH, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 12 BP 2297 EP 2306 DI 10.3945/jn.108.097154 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 374IZ UT WOS:000261038300002 PM 19022948 ER PT J AU Kalmbach, RD Choumenkovitch, SE Troen, AP Jacques, PE D'Agostino, R Selhub, J AF Kalmbach, Renee D. Choumenkovitch, Silvina E. Troen, Aron P. Jacques, Paul E. D'Agostino, Ralph Selhub, Jacob TI A 19-Base Pair Deletion Polymorphism in Dihydrofolate Reductase Is Associated with Increased Unmetabolized Folic Acid in Plasma and Decreased Red Blood Cell Folate SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; DIETARY-FOLATE; SPINA-BIFIDA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; BREAST-CANCER; DHFR PROMOTER; RISK-FACTOR; INTRON 1 AB Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes the reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate (THF). A 19-bp noncoding deletion allele maps to intron 1, beginning 60 bases from the splice donor site, and has been implicated in neural tube defects and cancer, presumably by influencing folate metabolism. The functional impact of this polymorphism has not yet been demonstrated. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of the DHFR mutation with respect to folate status and assess influence of folic acid intake on these relations. The relationship between DHFR genotype and plasma concentrations of circulating folic acid, total folate, total homocysteine, and concentrations of RBC folate was determined in 1215 subjects from the Framingham Offspring Study. There was a significant interaction between DHFR genotype and folic acid intake with respect to the prevalence of high circulating unmetabolized folic acid (defined as >85th percentile). Folic acid intake of 500 mu g/d increased the prevalence of high circulating unmetabolized folic acid in subjects with the deletion (del/del genotype (47.0%) compared with the wild type WT)/del (21.4%) and wild type (WT)/WT genotypes (24.4%) (P for interaction = 0.03). Interaction between the DHFR polymorphism and folic acid intake was also seen with respect to RBC folate (P for interaction = 0.01). When folic acid intake was <250 mu g/d, the del/del genotype was associated with significantly lower RBC folate (732.3 nmol/L) compared with the WT/WT genotype (844.4 nmol/L). Our results suggest the del/del polymorphism in DHFR is a functional polymorphism, because it limits assimilation of folic acid into cellular folate stores at high and low folic acid intakes. J. Nutr. 138: 2323-2327, 2008. C1 [Kalmbach, Renee D.; Choumenkovitch, Silvina E.; Troen, Aron P.; Jacques, Paul E.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jacob.selhub@tufts.edu FU USDA [1950-51520-008-00D, 2006-35200-17198]; Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH [N01-HC-25195] FX Supported in part by the USDA under agreement no.1950-51520-008-00D, USDA grant 2006-35200-17198 and the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH (contract no. N01-HC-25195). Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily effect the view of the USDA. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 12 BP 2323 EP 2327 DI 10.3945/jn.108.096404 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 374IZ UT WOS:000261038300006 PM 19022952 ER PT J AU Fu, XY Wang, XD Mernitz, H Wallin, R Shea, MK Booth, SL AF Fu, Xueyan Wang, Xiang-Dong Mernitz, Heather Wallin, Reidar Shea, M. Kyla Booth, Sarah L. TI 9-Cis Retinoic Acid Reduces 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol-Induced Renal Calcification by Altering Vitamin K-Dependent gamma-Carboxylation of Matrix gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid Protein in AM Male Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLA PROTEIN; ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION; BLOOD-COAGULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; RATS; MENAQUINONE-4; CELLS; BONE; HYPERVITAMINOSIS; PHYLLOQUINONE AB Matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein, is involved in regulation of tissue calcification. We previously reported that 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) mitigates 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)(2)D3]-induced renal calcification in a 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung cancer A/J male mouse model. This raised the question if the mechanism(s) undedying this calcification involves vitamin K. We assessed expression and vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxylation of MGP and vitamin K concentrations [phylloquinone (PK), as well as its conversion product, menaquinone-4 (MK-4)] in tissues obtained from NNK-injected A/J male mice fed 1,25(OH)(2)D3 (2.5 mu g/kg diet; D group) +/- RA (15 mg/kg diet) for 20 wk. Renal calcification was only observed in the D group (2/10; 20% of the group). Renal MGP mRNA and uncarboxylated MGP (ucMGP) increased in response to D (P < 0.05) but not in responseto RA or RA + D. In contrast, gamma-carboxylated MGP increased to 2.2-fold of the control in responseto D + RA (P< 0.05) but not in responsetc, RA or D alone. Although all diets contained equal amounts of PK, the kidney MK-4 concentration was higher in the D group (P < 0.05) and lower in the RA group (P < 0.05) compared with the RA+D or control groups. Renal PK concentrations were lower in the RA and RA+D groups than in the control and D groups (P < 0.05). These data suggest that 9-cis RA mitigated 1,25(OH)(2)D3-induced renal calcification by modifying the 1,25(OH)(2)D3-induced increase in ucMGP. The mechanisms by which 9-cis RA and 1,25(OH)2D3 alter vitamin K concentrations warrant further investigation. J. Nutr. 138: 2337-2341, C1 [Fu, Xueyan; Wang, Xiang-Dong; Mernitz, Heather; Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wallin, Reidar] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707, 58-1950-51000-064] FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement nos, 58-1950-7-707 and 58-1950-51000-064. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 12 BP 2337 EP 2341 DI 10.3945/jn.108.093724 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 374IZ UT WOS:000261038300008 PM 19022954 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Chao, WH Crivello, NA D'Anci, KE Shukitt-Hale, B Smith, DE Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Troen, Aron M. Chao, Wei-Hsun Crivello, Natalia A. D'Anci, Kristen E. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Smith, Don E. Selhub, Jacob Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI Cognitive Impairment in Folate-Deficient Rats Corresponds to Depleted Brain Phosphatidylcholine and Is Prevented by Dietary Methionine without Lowering Plasma Homocysteine SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL MEMORY PERFORMANCE; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CHOLINE DEFICIENCY; WATER MAZE; METHOTREXATE TREATMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE AB Poor folate status is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. Although impaired brain methylation activity and homocysteine toxicity are widely thought to account for this association, how folate deficiency impairs cognition is uncertain. To better define the role of folate deficiency in cognitive dysfunction, we fed rats folate-deficient diets (0 mg FA/kg diet) with or without supplemental L-methionine for 10 wk, followed by cognitive testing and tissue collection for hematological and biochemical analysis. Folate deficiency with normal methionine impaired spatial memory and learning; however, this impairment was prevented when the folate-deficient diet was supplemented with methionine. Under conditions of folate deficiency, brain membrane content of the methylated phospholipid phosphatidylcholine was significantly depleted, which was reversed with supplemental methionine. In contrast, neither elevated plasma homocysteine nor brain S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations predicted cognitive impairment and its prevention by methionine. The correspondence of cognitive outcomes to changes in brain membrane phosphatidylcholine content suggests that altered phosphatidylcholine and possibly choline metabolism might contribute to the manifestation of folate deficiency-related cognitive dysfunction. J. Nutr. 138: 2502-2509, 2008. C1 [Troen, Aron M.; Chao, Wei-Hsun; Crivello, Natalia A.; D'Anci, Kristen E.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Smith, Don E.; Selhub, Jacob; Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aron.troen@tufts.edu FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [T32 DK007651] FX Supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. K. E. D. was supported by the NIH Training grant T32 DK007651. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 66 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 12 BP 2502 EP 2509 DI 10.3945/jn.108.093641 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 374IZ UT WOS:000261038300033 PM 19022979 ER PT J AU Kobza, KA Chalseeda, K Sarath, G Takacs, JM Zempleni, J AF Kobza, Keyna A. Chalseeda, Kittichal Sarath, Gautarn Takacs, James M. Zempleni, Janos TI Biotinyl-methyl 4-(amidomethyl)benzoate is a competitive inhibitor of human biotinidase SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biotinidase; Biotinyl-methyl 4-amidomethyl benzoate; Histones; Inhibitors ID HUMAN-SERUM BIOTINIDASE; MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY; HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE; HISTONE H4; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CELLS; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; GENE; LOCALIZATION AB Posttranslational modification of histories by biotinylation can be catalyzed by both biotinidase (BTD) and holocarboxylase synthetase. Biotinylation of histories is an important epigenetic mechanism to regulate gene expression, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling. The role of BTD in histone biotinylation is somewhat ambiguous, given that BTD also catalyzes removal of the biotin tag from histories. Here, we sought to develop BTD inhibitors for future studies of the role of BTD in altering chromatin structure. We adopted an existing colorimetric BTD assay for use in a novel 96-well plate format to pen-nit high-throughput screening of potential inhibitors. Biotin analogs were chemically synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit human BTD. Seven of these compounds inhibited BTD by 26-80%. Biotinyl-methyl 4-(amidomethyl)benzoate had the largest effect on BTD, causing an 80% inhibition at 1 mM concentration. Enzyme kinetics studies were conducted to determine V(max), K(m) and K(i) for the seven inhibitors; kinetics were consistent with the hypothesis that biotinyl-methyl 4-(amidomethyl)benzoate and the other compounds acted by competitive inhibition of BTD. Finally, biotinyl-methyl 4-(amidomethyl) benzoate did not affect biotin transport in human cells, suggesting specificity in regard to biotin-related processes. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kobza, Keyna A.; Zempleni, Janos] Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chalseeda, Kittichal; Takacs, James M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sarath, Gautarn] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sarath, Gautarn] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu OI Chaiseeda, Kittichai/0000-0002-3405-5718 FU University of Nebraska; NIH [DK 063945, ES 015206]; USDA [2006-35200-17138]; NSF EPSCoR [EPS-0346476, EPS-0701892] FX This study was a contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and was supported in part by funds provided through the Hatch Act. Additional support was provided by NIH Grants DK 063945 and ES 015206, USDA Grant 2006-35200-17138 and by NSF EPSCoR Grants EPS-0346476 and EPS-0701892. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 12 BP 826 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.11.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 377LW UT WOS:000261253700005 PM 18479898 ER PT J AU Ragozo, AMA Yai, LEO Oliveira, LN Dias, RA Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF Ragozo, A. M. A. Yai, L. E. O. Oliveira, L. N. Dias, R. A. Dubey, J. P. Gennari, S. M. TI SEROPREVALENCE AND ISOLATION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII FROM SHEEP FROM SAO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; OVINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PARANA STATE; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; GUARAPUAVA; OOCYSTS; CATTLE AB Sheep are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, but little is known of ovine toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed in sera of 495 sheep from 36 countries of Sao Paulo state. Brazil, using the modified agglutination test (MAT titer >= 1:25); 120 (24.2%) sheep tested positive. Samples of brain, heart, and diaphragm of 85 seropositive sheep were pooled, digested in pepsin, and bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissue homogenated of 16 sheep, and the isolated were designated TgShBr 1-16. Six of the 16 T. gondii isolated killed 100% of infected mice. Results indicate that asymptomatic sheep can harbour mouse-virulent T. gondii; hence, they can serve as a source of infection for humans. C1 [Ragozo, A. M. A.; Yai, L. E. O.; Oliveira, L. N.; Dias, R. A.; Dubey, J. P.; Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Prevent Vet Med & Anim Hlth, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Dias, Ricardo/D-5977-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo; Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa FX We thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo for financial support for the project and the fellowship to A.M.A. Ragozo and L.N. Oliviera, and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa for the fellowhip to S.M. Gennari. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1263 DI 10.1645/GE-1641.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 395OR UT WOS:000262533900014 PM 18576886 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Miska, KB Jenkins, MC Barfield, RC Lillehoj, H AF Fetterer, R. H. Miska, K. B. Jenkins, M. C. Barfield, R. C. Lillehoj, H. TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SERPIN FROM EIMERIA ACERVULINA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; TENELLA; SEQUENCE; COCCIDIOSIS; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; INHIBITOR-1; SUPERFAMILY AB Serpins are serine protease inhibitors that are widely distributed in metazoans, but they have not been characterized previously in Eimeria spp. A serpin from Eimeria acervulina was cloned, expressed, and characterized. Random screening of an E. acervulina sporozoite cDNA library identified a single clone (D14) whose coding region shared high similarity to consensus structure of serpins. Clone D14 contained an entire open reading frame consisting of 1,245 nucleotides that encode a peptide of 413 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 45.5 kDa and containing a signal peptide 28 residues. By Western blot analysis, polyclonal antiserum to the recombinant serpin (rbSp) recognized a major 55-kDa protein band in unsporulated oocysts and in oocysts sporulated up to 24 hr (fully sporulated). The anti-rbSp detected bands of 55 and 48 kDa in sporozoites (SZ) and merozoites (MZ), respectively. Analysis of MZ secretion products revealed a single protein of 48 kDa that may correspond to secreted serpin. By immunostaining, the serpin was located in granules distributed throughout both the SZ and MZ, but granuled seemed to be concentrated in the parasites' anterior. Analysis of the structure predicts that the E. acervulina serpin should be an active inhibitor. However, rbSp was without inhibitory activity against common serine proteases. By Western blot analysis, the endogenous serpin in MZ extracts did not form the expected high-molecular-weight complex when coincubated with either trypsin or subtilisin. The results demonstrate that E. acervulina contains a serpin gene and expresses a protein with structural properties similar to an active serine protease inhibitor. Although the function of E. acervulina serpin remains unknown, the results further suggest that serpin is secreted by the parasite where it may be involved in cell invasion and other basic developmental processes. C1 [Fetterer, R. H.; Miska, K. B.; Jenkins, M. C.; Barfield, R. C.; Lillehoj, H.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM raymond.fetterer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1265-31320-072-00D] FX We are grateful for the expert technical assistance of Gary Wilkins and Carolyn Parker. We thank J. Whisstock for advice and comments useful in preparation of this manuscript. We are also indebted to M. Shirley for granting permission to use the E. tenella genome sequence available at the Sanger Institute website. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project number 1265-31320-072-00D. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1274 DI 10.1645/GE-1559.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 395OR UT WOS:000262533900016 PM 18576851 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Wouda, W Muskens, J AF Dubey, J. P. Wouda, W. Muskens, J. TI FATAL INTESTINAL COCCIDIOSIS IN A THREE-WEEK-OLD BUFFALO CALF (BUBALUS BUBALUS) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRST-GENERATION SCHIZONTS; SECOND ASEXUAL GENERATION; EIMERIA-AUBURNENSIS; SPORULATED OOCYSTS; LIFE-CYCLE; CALVES; ZUERNII; BOVIS AB The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus) is important to the economy of several countries, especially in Asia and South America. Little is known regarding the impact of coccidiosis in buffaloes. Cattle and buffaloes are considered to have common species of Eimeria, but critical cross-gransmission have not been made because it is difficult to raise these hosts coccidian free. Clinical coccidiosis was confirmed post mortem in a 22-day-old buffalo calf that died after a 3- to 4-day illness. Oocysts morphologically identical to Eimeria bareillyi were found in the feces and in sections of small intestine. Oocysts were often pyriform. Sometimes with asymmetrical sides. The shorter end was flattened and approximately 5-6 mu m wide. Unsporulated oocysts in feces were 23.2-29.5 x 16.5-22 mu m, with an average of 27.2 x 19.3 mu m. Schizonts, gomonts, and oocysts were indentified in sections of small intestine where they were located in enterocystes of the jejunum and ileum. No coccidian stages were seen in sections of colon. This is one of the first confirmed cases of clinical coccidiosis in water buffalo. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Wouda, W.; Muskens, J.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1294 DI 10.1645/GE-1660.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 395OR UT WOS:000262533900019 PM 18576888 ER PT J AU Hartley, J Booth, R Slocombe, RF Dubey, JP AF Hartley, J. Booth, R. Slocombe, R. F. Dubey, J. P. TI Lethal Toxoplasmosis in an Aviary of Kakarikis (Cyanoramphus Spp.) in Australia SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANARIES; BIRDS AB A small Outbreak of fatal toxoplasmosis is described in 6 kakariki (Cyanoramphus spp.) in an aviary in Australia. Toxoplasma gondii-like tachyzoites were found associated with necrosis in intestine. spleen, liver, and kings. Tachyzoites reacted positively with T. gondii-specific polyclonal antibodies. This is the first report of toxoplasmosis in kakariki C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hartley, J.] Taronga Zoo, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. [Booth, R.] Healesville Sanctuary, Healesville 3777, Australia. [Slocombe, R. F.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1425 DI 10.1645/GE-1619.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 395OR UT WOS:000262533900041 PM 18576878 ER PT J AU Sasai, K Fetterer, RH Lillehoj, H Matsuura, S Constantinoiu, CC Matsubayashi, M Tani, H Baba, E AF Sasai, Kazumi Fetterer, Raymond H. Lillehoj, Hyun Matsuura, Satomi Constantinoiu, Constantin C. Matsubayashi, Makoto Tani, Hiroyuki Baba, Eiichiroh TI Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies that Recognize the Eimeria tenella Microneme Protein MIC2 SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCCIDIOSIS; VACCINATION; POULTRY; PARASITES; INVASION; IMMUNITY AB The apicomplexan pathogens of Eimeria tenella cause coccidiosis, ill intestinal disease of chickens that has a major economic impact on the poultry industry. Members of Apicomplexa share an assortment of unique secretory organelles (rhoptries, micronemes, and dense granules) that mediate invasion of host cells and the formation and modification of the parasitophorous vacuole. Among these, microneme protein 2 front E. tenella (EtMIC2) has a putative function in parasite adhesion to the host cell to initiate file invasion process. To investigate the role of EtMIC2 in host parasite interactions, the production and characterization of 12 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against recombinant EtMIC2 proteins is described. In an immunofluoresence assay, all mabs reacted with molecules belonging to the apical complex of sporozoites and merozoites of L tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima. By Western blot analysis, the mabs identified it developmentally regulated protein of 42 kDa corresponding, to EtMIC2 and cross-reacted with Proteins in developmental stages of F. acervulina. Collectively these Mails are useful tools for the detailed investigation of, file Characterization of EtMIC-2-related proteins ill Eimeria species. C1 [Fetterer, Raymond H.; Lillehoj, Hyun] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matsubayashi, Makoto] Osaka Yuhigaoka Gakuen Jr Coll, Dept Food & Nutr, Tennoji Ku, Osaka 5430073, Japan. [Sasai, Kazumi; Matsuura, Satomi; Constantinoiu, Constantin C.; Tani, Hiroyuki; Baba, Eiichiroh] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Vet Internal Med, Div Vet Sci, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM raymond.fetterer@ars.usda.gov RI Constantinoiu, Constantin/I-3978-2013 OI Constantinoiu, Constantin/0000-0001-5836-776X NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1434 DI 10.1645/GE-1558.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 395OR UT WOS:000262533900045 PM 18576850 ER PT J AU Burton, JD Pedersen, MK Coble, HD AF Burton, James D. Pedersen, Marianne K. Coble, Harold D. TI Effect of Cyclanilide on Auxin Activity SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Cyclanilide; IAA; Auxin transport; Plant growth regulators ID NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID-BINDING; TRANSPORT INHIBITORS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE; ROOT GRAVITROPISM; PLANT-GROWTH; PIN PROTEINS; ABSCISSION; EFFLUX AB Cyclanilide is a plant growth regulator that is registered for use in cotton at different stages of growth, to either suppress vegetative growth (in combination with mepiquat chloride) or accelerate senescence (enhance defoliation and boll opening, used in combination with ethephon). This research was conducted to study the mechanism of action of cyclanilide: its potential interaction with auxin (IAA) transport and signaling in plants. The activity of cyclanilide was compared with the activity of the auxin transport inhibitors NPA and TIBA. Movement of [3H]IAA was inhibited in etiolated corn coleoptiles by 10 mu M cyclanilide, NPA, and TIBA, which demonstrated that cyclanilide affected polar auxin transport. Although NPA inhibited [3H]IAA efflux from cells in etiolated zucchini hypocotyls, cyclanilide had no effect. NPA did not inhibit the influx of IAA into cells in etiolated zucchini hypocotyls, whereas cyclanilide inhibited uptake 25 and 31% at 10 and 100 mu M, respectively. Also, NPA inhibited the gravitropic response in tomato roots (85% at 1 mu M) more than cyclanilide (30% at 1 mu M). Although NPA inhibited tomato root growth (30% at 1 mu M), cyclanilide stimulated root growth (165% of control at 5 mu M). To further characterize cyclanilide action, plasma membrane fractions from etiolated zucchini hypocotyls were obtained and the binding of NPA, IAA, and cyclanilide studied. Cyclanilide inhibited the binding of [3H]NPA and [3H]IAA with an IC(50) of 50 mu M for both. NPA did not affect the binding of IAA, nor did IAA affect the binding of NPA. Kinetic analysis indicated that cyclanilide is a noncompetitive inhibitor of both NPA and IAA binding, with inhibition constants (K (i)) of 40 and 2.3 mu M, respectively. These data demonstrated that cyclanilide interacts with auxin-regulated processes via a mechanism that is distinct from other auxin transport inhibitors. This research identifies a possible mechanism of action for cyclanilide when used as a plant growth regulator. C1 [Burton, James D.; Pedersen, Marianne K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coble, Harold D.] ARS, USDA, OPMP, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Burton, JD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jim_burton@ncsu.edu NR 63 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00344-008-9062-7 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 371TT UT WOS:000260854900004 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Fedorka-Cray, P Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Cox, JM AF Bailey, J. S. Fedorka-Cray, P. Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. Cox, J. M. TI DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER FROM BROILER CARCASS RINSE SAMPLES UTILIZING THE TECRA VISUAL IMMUNOASSAY (VIA) SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETAIL CHICKEN; SALMONELLA SEROVARS; SPP.; ENUMERATION; JEJUNI; ASSAY; AGAR; COLI AB Poultry meat is considered to be a major vector of transmission of Campylobacter, either directly, through consumption of poorly prepared product or cross-contamination, or indirectly, through introduction of the bacterium into the food production environment. Efficient detection of Campylobacter is intrinsic to the management of the pathogen during poultry production. The TECRA Campylobacter Visual Immunoassay (CAMVIA) protocol, enrichment in a proprietary TECRA Campylobacter enrichment broth followed by an ELISA, was compared with a conventional cultural method, with enrichment in Bolton medium (containing lysed horse blood), followed by plating onto Campy-cefex agar. Of the 398 broiler carcass rinses tested from 19 commercial processing plants, a total of 350 carcasses (88%) were found to be positive for Campylobacter by at least one method. The TECRA CAMVIA yielded 317 Campylobacter-positive results, four of which were false positive and 22 of which were false negative, while conventional enrichment and plating detected the bacterium in only 280 samples with 48 false negatives. These data demonstrate that the TECRA CAMVIA has a statistically higher sensitivity and specificity than a conventional culture procedure using Bolton broth as the enrichment. C1 [Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bailey, J. S.; Fedorka-Cray, P.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Un, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Cox, J. M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem Engn & Ind Chem, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Richardson, LJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jason.richardson@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2008.00142.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 378ZZ UT WOS:000261365100009 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Pan, F Paoli, GC Xiao, YH Sheng, HH Shi, XM AF Fan, Yiling Pan, Feng Paoli, George C. Xiao, Yonghong Sheng, Haihui Shi, Xianming TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIPLEX PCR METHOD FOR DETECTION OF THE GENES ENCODING 16S rRNA, COAGULASE, METHICILLIN RESISTANCE AND ENTEROTOXINS IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MUPIROCIN RESISTANCE; RAPID DETECTION; TOXIN GENES; MECA GENE; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; STRAINS; VIRULENCE AB A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of the genes encoding methicillin resistance (mecA), SEs A, B and C (sea, seb and sec), coagulase (coa), and 16S rRNA. The primers for amplification of the 16S rRNA gene were specific for Staphylococcus spp., and the primers for coa were specific for Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the results, the multiplex PCR was accomplished at an optimal Mg(2) (+)concentration of 1.0 mM and at an annealing temperature of 56C. This multiplex PCR method was performed with 71 strains of S. aureus and 51 strains of six other bacterial species. Among the S. aureus strains tested, 40.0% (28/71) were found to contain the mecA gene. One of the 28 mecA(+)strains was not resistant to methicillin. The sea, seb and sec genes were present in 47.9% (34/71), 5.6% (4/71) and 8.5% (6/71) of S. aureus strains, respectively. The sensitivity of this multiplex PCR method was approximately 104.5 pg of genomic DNA per reaction, which was equivalent to an estimated 2.4 x 10(3) cfu of S. aureus or 3.64 x 10(4) copies of genome equivalent. C1 [Fan, Yiling; Pan, Feng; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Dept Food Sci, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Fan, Yiling; Pan, Feng; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Paoli, George C.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Xiao, Yonghong] Peking Univ, Inst Clin Pharmacol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Haihui] Shanghai Biochip Co Ltd, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Shi, XM (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Dept Food Sci, 800 Dong Chuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM xmshi@sjtu.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006BAK02A14]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai municipality [071422011, 07dz19508] FX This research was jointly supported by Grant No. 2006BAK02A14 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and Grant Nos. 071422011 and 07dz19508 from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai municipality. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 394 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2008.00144.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 378ZZ UT WOS:000261365100011 ER PT J AU Talegawkar, SA Johnson, EJ Carithers, TC Herman, AT Bogle, ML Tucker, KL AF Talegawkar, Sameera A. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Carithers, Teresa C. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Bogle, Margaret L. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Serum Carotenoid and Tocopherol Concentrations Vary by Dietary Pattern among African Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BREAST-CANCER; FRAMINGHAM NUTRITION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; WOMEN AB Background Intakes and biochemical concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols have been associated with chronic diseases. Objective To describe dietary patterns in Jackson Heart Study participants and to determine if biochemical measurements of antioxidants differ across these. Design Cross-sectional analysis of data for 373 African-American men and women (age 35 to 80 years), participating in the Diet and Physical Activity Substudy of the Jackson Heart Study. Methods Dietary intake was assessed with a region specific food frequency questionnaire. Patterns were defined by cluster analysis of food groups, as percent of energy intake. Results Four dietary patterns were identified: fast food, Southern, prudent, and juice. Individuals in the fast-food pattern (n = 153) had significantly lower serum concentrations of lutein plus zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin; those in the Southern cluster (n=99) had significantly lower serum a-carotene; and those in the prudent (n=63) and juice (n = 58) clusters had significantly higher serum a-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin (P<0.05) relative to those in at least one other cluster (all P<0.05). The juice cluster also had higher serum a-tocopherol concentrations relative to the fast-food cluster. Conclusions Diets high in fast foods, snacks, soft drinks, and meat were associated with relatively low concentrations of carotenoids and a-tocopherol. This pattern contained the largest number of participants, and could contribute to the extensive health disparities seen in this region. C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Carithers, Teresa C.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.] ARS, USDA, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Institutes of Health [N0-1-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, N01-HC-95172]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6251-53000-003-00D, 58-1950-7-707] FX This research was supported by National Institutes of Health contracts nos. N0-1-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, and N01-HC-95172 that were provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities and by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service grants no. 6251-53000-003-00D and no. 58-1950-7-707. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 108 IS 12 BP 2013 EP 2020 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.004 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 381ES UT WOS:000261519000021 PM 19027404 ER PT J AU Layne, JE Sampson, SE Mallio, CJ Hibberd, PL Griffith, JL Das, SK Flanagan, WJ Castaneda-Sceppa, C AF Layne, Jennifer E. Sampson, Susan E. Mallio, Charlotte J. Hibberd, Patricia L. Griffith, John L. Das, Sai Krupa Flanagan, William J. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen TI Successful Dissemination of a Community-Based Strength Training Program for Older Adults by Peer and Professional Leaders: The People Exercising Program SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE strength training; older adults; community-based; exercise ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PROMOTION PROGRAM; PARTICIPATION; PREVENTION; ADHERENCE; TRIAL; WOMEN AB The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine the feasibility of a model for disseminating community-based strength training programs for older adults through leadership training of laypersons or "peers" and health and fitness professionals. The intervention consisted of a progressive strength training, balance, and flexibility exercise program and a leader training and certification workshop. Feasibility was defined as 75% or more of individuals who completed leader training establishing or teaching at least two 12-week strength training classes within 1 year. Program dissemination was quantified as the number of classes established between January 2005 and December 2006. Demographic characteristics and health status of leaders and program participants were evaluated. Two hundred forty-four leaders (peers, n=149; professionals, n=95) were trained and certified. Seventy-nine percent of all leaders (n=193) met the feasibility criteria of establishing or teaching strength training classes. There was no difference in the percentage of peer leaders (80%, n=119) and professional leaders (78%, n=74) who established or taught classes (P=.71) despite significant differences in their demographic and health profiles. Ninety-seven self-sustaining strength training classes were established in senior and community centers, and 2,217 older adults (women, n=1,942; men, n=275) aged 50 to 97 with multiple chronic medical conditions enrolled. In conclusion, training peer and professional leaders is a feasible and successful model for disseminating a community strength training program for older adults. Widespread dissemination of this program has significant public health implications for increasing physical activity participation by older adults. C1 [Layne, Jennifer E.] Fdn Informed Med Decis Making, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Flanagan, William J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Griffith, John L.] Tufts Med Ctr, Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Layne, JE (reprint author), Fdn Informed Med Decis Making, 40 Court St, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM jlayne@fimdm.org FU USDA Research Service [58-1950-9-00]; Vermont Department of Health, Division of Health Improvement; Vermont Department of Health, Division of Health Surveillance (Arthritis Program); New Hampshire Celebrates Wellness/ New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services FX We are grateful to the leaders and program participants for their dedication and commitment to the study. We would like to thank Nancy Doyle Ryan and regional program coordinators Ronnie Friedman, Sharon Gouveia, Jean Jacques, and Kim Kennedy for their significant contributions to all aspects of the program, without which this study would not be possible; Gregory Cloutier for his expertise in exercise instruction and photography; Lynn Bairos Wilson for her assistance in implementing the study; Jean McCandless, Mary West, Mary Kerwin, Nancy Lynch, Amy Guthrie, Suzanne Kelley, Jill Nye-McKeown, and Roger Fielding for promoting the program; and Miriam Nelson, Ronenn Roubenoff, Dianne Kelleher, Susan Stephen, and Susan Pratt for their involvement in the initial stages of the project. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or any of the funding sources.; Conflict of Interest: This work was supported in part by USDA Research Service agreement 58-1950-9-00; the Vermont Department of Health, Division of Health Improvement; the Vermont Department of Health, Division of Health Surveillance (Arthritis Program); and New Hampshire Celebrates Wellness/ New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services.; Author Contributions: Drs. Layne and Castaneda-Sceppa, Ms. Mallio, and Ms. Sampson were involved in the study concept and design. Dr. Layne, Ms. Sampson, Ms. Mallio, and Mr. Flanagan participated in acquisition of subjects and data. Drs. Layne, Griffith, Hibberd, Das, and Castaneda-Sceppa performed analysis and interpretation of data. Dr. Layne drafted the manuscript. Drs. Hibberd, Griffith, Das, and Castaneda-Sceppa critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.; Sponsor's Role: The sponsors were not involved in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2323 EP 2329 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02010.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 378ZP UT WOS:000261364100022 PM 19112654 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Kramer, M Zhang, AJ Wang, SF Debboun, M AF Klun, Jerome A. Kramer, Matthew Zhang, Aijun Wang, Shifa Debboun, Mustapha TI A QUANTITATIVE IN VITRO ASSAY FOR CHEMICAL MOSQUITO-DETERRENT ACTIVITY WITHOUT HUMAN BLOOD CELLS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi; N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; ATP; mosquito biting; isolongifolenone; CPDA-1 ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; CALLICARPA-AMERICANA; ATP; PHAGOSTIMULANTS; CULICIDAE AB We report that an aqueous solution containing 10(-3) M adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) can effectively replace transfusable human red blood cells in an in vitro Klun and DEbboun bioassay system for evaluating chemicals for mosquito feeding-deterrent activity, using either Aedes aegypti or Anopoheles stephensi. These species fed with similar avidity through collagen membrane covering aqueous 10(-3) M ATP plus CPDA-1 or red blood cells in CPDA-1 supplemented with ATP. In a 2nd experiment, we evaluated the feeding-deterrent activity of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide and a newly discovered natural product chemical, (-)-isolongifolenone, against these 2 mosquito species. We found that the feeding-deterrent efficacy of the 2 chemicals was similar whether the feeding stimulant was red blood cells supplemented with ATP or ATP alone with CPDA-1. Since the use of human red blood cells in bioassays raises important health and logistic issues, aqueous ATP with CPDA-1 is a reasonable alternative to human blood cells for routine in vitoro chemical screening. C1 [Klun, Jerome A.; Zhang, Aijun] ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shifa] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Debboun, Mustapha] USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Hlth Serv,Med Zool Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.2987/08-5755.1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388GJ UT WOS:000262008000006 PM 19181057 ER PT J AU Polsomboon, S Grieco, JP Achee, NL Chauhan, KR Tanasinchayakul, S Pothikasikorn, J Chareonviriyaphap, T AF Polsomboon, Suppaluck Grieco, John P. Achee, Nicole L. Chauhan, Kamlesh R. Tanasinchayakul, Somchai Pothikasikorn, Jinrapa Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap TI BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF CATNIP (NEPETA CATARIA) BY TWO SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES, AEDES AEGYPTI AND ANOPHELES HARRISONI, IN THAILAND SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Behavioral responses; irritancy; repellency; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles harrisoni; catnip ID MALARIA VECTORS; OIL COMPONENTS; REPELLENCY; AVOIDANCE; LAMIACEAE; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB An investigation of the biological effect of catnip oil (Nepeta cataria L.) on the behavioral response of field collected Aedes aegypti and Anopheles harrisoni was conducted using an automated excito-repellency test system. Aedes aegypti showed significantly higher escape rates from the contact chamber at 5% catnip oil compared to other concentrations (P < 0.05). With Anopheles harrisoni a high escape response was seen at 2.5% catnip oil from the contact chamber, while in the noncontact chamber a higher escape response was observed at a concentration of 5%. Results showed that this compound exhibits both irritant and repellent actions. C1 [Polsomboon, Suppaluck; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Grieco, John P.; Achee, Nicole L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Chauhan, Kamlesh R.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tanasinchayakul, Somchai] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. [Pothikasikorn, Jinrapa] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Chareonviriyaphap, T (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RI Chareonviriyaphap, Teeraphap /B-9632-2009 FU Thailand Research Fund; Kasetsart University Development Institute; Deployed War Fighter Protection Program FX We thank the Thailand Research Fund, the Kasetsart University Development Institute, and the Deployed War Fighter Protection Program for financial support. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.2987/08-5760.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388GJ UT WOS:000262008000007 PM 19181058 ER PT J AU Amoo, AOJ Xue, RD Qualls, WA Quinn, BP Bernier, UR AF Amoo, A. O. J. Xue, Rui-De Qualls, W. A. Quinn, B. P. Bernier, U. R. TI RESIDUAL EFFICACY OF FIELD-APPLIED PERMETHRIN, d-PHENOTHRIN, AND RESMETHRIN ON PLANT FOLIAGE AGAINST ADULT MOSQUITOES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; mortality; mosquito traps; plant foliage; gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy ID L-LACTIC ACID; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; PYRETHRINS; CULICIDAE; TOXICITY; DIPTERA; AEGYPTI; CAGES AB Backpack sprayer applications of permethrin. d-phenothrin, and resmethrin to vegetation and plants at Anastasia Island. St. Augustine, FL, were evaluated for duration of residual efficacy against adult mosquitoes. All treatments produced 100% mortality (24 h) of mosquitoes in test cages placed within the vegetation. At 48 h and 1 wk posttreatment, insecticide treatments resulted in 70-100% reduction of adult mosquitoes caught by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps baited with 1-octen-3-ol. Insecticide residues in excised leaves from both treated and control areas of the study sites were evaluated to 1 wk postapplication. Both d-phenothrin and resmethrin produced nearly this level of mortality for a much shorter duration of <48 h postapplication, with residual effects dropping significantly thereafter. Average insecticide concentrations in leaves were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, and some correlation was observed between chemical and biological results. C1 [Quinn, B. P.; Bernier, U. R.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Amoo, A. O. J.; Xue, Rui-De; Qualls, W. A.] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. RP Bernier, UR (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU U.S. Department of Defense FX The authors are grateful to Ken Daniel, James Wynn, Kay Gaines, Mike Smith, and Patrick Kendrick for their technical help during the Course of the study. Bob Wamser of the Anastasia State Park. St Augustine, FL, is greatly appreciated for his effort at getting permission to use the facility. The authors also thank Natasha Elejalde, 7 Greg Allen, and Nathan Newlon for technical Support with sample processing. This is a research report only and does lot Constitute all endorsement by the Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County. Florida, nor the United States Department of Agriculture for any of the commercial products Mentioned in this report. This Study was partly Supported by the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Force Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.2987/08-5783.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388GJ UT WOS:000262008000012 PM 19181063 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Walker, TW Fritz, BK Gwinn, T Smith, VL Szumlas, D Quinn, B Lan, Y Huang, Y Sykes, D AF Hoffmann, W. C. Walker, T. W. Fritz, B. K. Gwinn, T. Smith, V. L. Szumlas, D. Quinn, B. Lan, Y. Huang, Y. Sykes, D. TI SPRAY CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMAL FOGGING EQUIPMENT TYPICALLY USED IN VECTOR CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Atomization; droplet size; sprayer; thermal fogger; vector control ID ULTRA-LOW VOLUME; ADULT MOSQUITOS; MALATHION; AEROSOLS; FOGS AB Droplet size spectra from different sprayers used to generate insecticide-laden fogs for controlling flying insects were measured by a laser diffraction instrument and Teflon-coated slides. The objectives of this work were to present not only information on spray-system droplet size generated by different sprayers, but to compare methodologies by which other similar systems can be evaluated and give applicatiors sprayer-system performance data. Data from 45 replicated spray tests, comprising 11 sprayers and 5 pesticides. showed a wide range in the droplet size spectra produced. The volume median diameter measurementes ranged from 2.6 to 75.7 mu m for diesel-diluted sprays and from 27.9 to 59.9 mu m for water-diluted sprays. Similarly, the percent volume <20 mu m ranged between 12.0-100% and 8.5-30.7% , for diesel and water-diluted sprays, respectively. The droplet sizes measured by the swinging slide and laser diffraction methods were not consistent. The information presented aids users in sprayer selection and operation to produce the specific droplet size spectra required for a particular application. C1 [Hoffmann, W. C.; Fritz, B. K.; Lan, Y.; Huang, Y.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Walker, T. W.; Smith, V. L.; Szumlas, D.] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Gwinn, T.] ADAPCO, Sanford, FL 32773 USA. [Quinn, B.] USDA ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Sykes, D.] B&G Chem & Equipment Co, Dallas, TX 75334 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU U.S. Department of Defense FX This study was Supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). The authors would also like to thank the equipment and chemical manufacturers for their participation the project. The authors Would like to acknowledge M. Thornton for her assistance with the collection and analyses of the Teflon-coated slide data. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 550 EP 559 DI 10.2987/08-5779.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388GJ UT WOS:000262008000013 PM 19181064 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Rubio-Palis, Y AF Clark, Gary G. Rubio-Palis, Yasmin TI MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL AND BIOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA-AN 18TH SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Mosquitoes; dengue; malaria; West Nile virus; mosquito control; bionomics; insecticide resistance; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex; Triatoma; Rhodnius ID ABSTRACTS AB The 18th Annual Latin American symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 74th Annual Meeting in Sparks, NY, in March 2008. The principal objective, as for the previous 17 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 35 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as posters by participants from 5 countries in Latin America and Puerto Rico. Topics addressed in the symposium included surveillance, chemical and biological control, insecticide resistance, and repellency of Aedes aegypti; distribution, behavior, transmission of West Nile virus, and control of Culex; bionomics, ecology, and chemical and biological control of Anopheles vectors of malaria; insecticide resistance; and studies of Triatoma and Rhodnius. C1 [Clark, Gary G.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Univ, CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Rubio-Palis, Yasmin] Minist Salud, Direcc Salud Ambiental, Caracas, Aragua, Venezuela. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Univ, CMAVE, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 571 EP 582 DI 10.2987/08-5810.1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388GJ UT WOS:000262008000016 PM 19181067 ER PT J AU Hogsette, JA Hanafi, HA Bernier, UR Kline, DL Fawaz, EY Furman, BD Hoel, DF AF Hogsette, Jerome A. Hanafi, Hanafi A. Bernier, Ulrich R. Kline, Daniel L. Fawaz, Emad Y. Furman, Barry D. Hoel, David F. TI DISCOVERY OF DIURNAL RESTING SITES OF PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES IN A VILLAGE IN SOUTHERN EGYPT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Habitats; backpack aspirator; phlebotomus papatasi; Sergentomyia schwetzi; Aswan ID SANDFLIES AB In an attempt to find diurnal resting sites of adult phlebotomine sand flies, potential phlebotomine adult habitats were aspirated in the village of Bahrif in Aswan, Egypt. During this survey, sand flies were aspirated from low (30-45 cm high) irregular piles of mud bricks found under high date palm canonpies between the village and the Nile River. There were 5 males and 7 females of Phlebotomus Papatasi and 3 males of Sergentomyia schwetzi. Six of the 7 aspirated females were engorged with blood. A total of 78 sand flies was captured on 3 glue boards placed overnight on the ground next to the mud bricks. Attempts to aspirate sand flies from adjacent walls and plants were unsuccessful. The identification of dirunal resting sites in less structured habitats may ultimately lead to more effective adult sand fly control. C1 [Hogsette, Jerome A.; Bernier, Ulrich R.; Kline, Daniel L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hanafi, Hanafi A.; Fawaz, Emad Y.; Furman, Barry D.] US Navy Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Hoel, David F.] USN, Navy Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Hogsette, JA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU U.S. Department of Defense; Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX We thank S.S. El-Hossary for identification of the sand flies at NAMRU-3. This Study was partly supported by the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. Two Coauthors are military service members and 5 coauthors are employees of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of our official duties. Title 17 U.S,C. 105 provides that -Copyright protection Under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 601 EP 603 DI 10.2987/08-5789.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388GJ UT WOS:000262008000023 PM 19181074 ER PT J AU Sun, G McNulty, SG Myers, JAM Cohen, EC AF Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. Myers, Jennifer A. Moore Cohen, Erika C. TI Impacts of Multiple Stresses on Water Demand and Supply Across the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; land use change; regional modeling; water demand; water supply ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WITHDRAWALS; IRRIGATION; BALANCE AB Assessment of long-term impacts of projected changes in climate, population, and land use and land cover on regional water resource is critical to the sustainable development of the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to fully budget annual water availability for water supply (precipitation - evapotranspiration + groundwater supply + return flow) and demand from commercial, domestic, industrial, irrigation, livestock, mining, and thermoelectric uses. The Water Supply Stress Index and Water Supply Stress Index Ratio were developed to evaluate water stress conditions over time and across the 666 eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code basins in the 13 southeastern states. Predictions from two Global Circulation Models (CGC1 and HadCM2Sul), one land use change model, and one human population model, were integrated to project future water supply stress in 2020. We found that population increase greatly stressed water supply in metropolitan areas located in the Piedmont region and Florida. Predicted land use and land cover changes will have little effect on water quantity and water supply-water demand relationship. In contrast, climate changes had the most pronounced effects on regional water supply and demand, especially in western Texas where water stress was historically highest in the study region. The simulation system developed by this study is useful for water resource planners to address water shortage problems such as those experienced during 2007 in the study region. Future studies should focus on refining the water supply term to include flow exchanges between watersheds and constraints of water quality and environmental flows to water availability for human use. C1 [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.; Myers, Jennifer A. Moore; Cohen, Erika C.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ge_sun@ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1457 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00250.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000008 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Hobbins, MT Ramirez, JA AF Brown, Thomas C. Hobbins, Michael T. Ramirez, Jorge A. TI Spatial Distribution of Water Supply in the Coterminous United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water supply; evapotranspiration; runoff; forests ID REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIP; HYDROLOGY; MODEL AB Available water supply across the contiguous 48 states was estimated as precipitation minus evapotranspiration using data for the period 1953-1994. Precipitation estimates were taken from the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM). Evapotranspiration was estimated using two models, the Advection-Aridity model and the Zhang model. The evapotranspiration models were calibrated using precipitation and runoff data for 655 hydrologically undisturbed basins, and then tested using estimates of natural runoff for the 18 water resource regions (WRR) of the 48 contiguous states. The final water supply coverage reflects a mixture of outputs from the two evapotranspiration models. Political, administrative, and land cover boundaries were mapped over the coverage of mean annual water supply. Across the entire study area, we find that 53% of the water supply originates on forested land, which covers only 29% of the surface area, and that 24% originates on federal lands, including 18% on national forests and grasslands alone. Forests and federal lands are even more important in the West (the 11 western contiguous states), where 65% of the water supply originates on forested land and 66% on federal lands, with national forests and grasslands contributing 51%. C1 [Brown, Thomas C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hobbins, Michael T.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Ramirez, Jorge A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM thomas.brown@colostate.edu RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014 OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1474 EP 1487 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00252.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000010 ER PT J AU Shigaki, F Kleinman, PJA Schmidt, JP Sharpley, AN Allen, AL AF Shigaki, Francirose Kleinman, Peter J. A. Schmidt, John P. Sharpley, Andrew N. Allen, Arthur L. TI Impact of Dredging on Phosphorus Transport in Agricultural Drainage Ditches of the Atlantic Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; nutrients; transport and fate; water conservation ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; SORPTION; RIVER AB Drainage ditches can be a key conduit of phosphorus (P) between agricultural soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and local surface waters, including the Chesapeake Bay. This study sought to quantify the effect of a common ditch management practice, sediment dredging, on fate of P in drainage ditches. Sediments from two drainage ditches that had been monitored for seven years and had similar characteristics (flow, P loadings, sediment properties) were sampled (0-5 cm) after one of the ditches had been dredged, which removed fine textured sediments (clay = 41%) with high organic matter content (85 g/kg) and exposed coarse textured sediments (clay = 15%) with low organic matter content (2.2 g/kg). Sediments were subjected to a three-phase experiment (equilibrium, uptake, and release) in recirculating 10-m-long, 0.2-m-wide, and 5-cm-deep flumes to evaluate their role as sources and sinks of P. Under conditions of low initial P concentrations in flume water, sediments from the dredged ditch released 13 times less P to the water than did sediments from the ditch that had not been dredged, equivalent to 24 mg dissolved P. However, the sediments from the dredged ditch removed 19% less P (76 mg) from the flume water when it was spiked with dissolved P to approximate long-term runoff concentrations. Irradiation of sediments to destroy microorganisms revealed that biological processes accounted for up to 30% of P uptake in the coarse textured sediments of the dredged ditch and 18% in the fine textured sediments of the undredged ditch. Results indicate that dredging of coastal plain drainage ditches can potentially impact the P buffering capacity of ditches draining agricultural soils with a high potential for P runoff. C1 [Shigaki, Francirose] Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Agr Sci & Environm, Maranhao, Brazil. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Schmidt, John P.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Allen, Arthur L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Shigaki, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Agr Sci & Environm, Campus 4, Maranhao, Brazil. EM francirose@yahoo.com.br NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1500 EP 1511 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00254.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000012 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT Rawles, SD AF Gaylord, T. Gibson Barrows, Frederic T. Rawles, Steven D. TI Apparent Digestibility of Gross Nutrients from Feedstuffs in Extruded Feeds for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; FISH-MEAL; INGREDIENTS; COLLECTION; DIETS; AVAILABILITIES; REPLACEMENT; QUALITY; GROWTH AB The current experiment was performed to determine apparent protein and energy digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients by the fecal stripping technique using extruded diets. The ingredients tested included five fish meals, three terrestrial animal by-products, five plant protein concentrates, four plant meals, and seven low-protein plant ingredients. Protein digestibility differed among fish meals and ranged from 90% for fair and average quality menhaden meal to 97% for anchovy meal. Protein apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) in plant concentrates ranged from a low of 89% for rice protein concentrate to a high of 100% for wheat gluten meal. Apparent protein digestibility was lower in plant meals than fish meals with a low of 70% for flaxseed meal to a high of 89% for soybean meal. Low-protein plant meals had generally lower protein ADC from 64% for rice bran to 85% for whole wheat. A similar pattern for energy ADCs was observed; ADCs ranged from 106% for anchovy meal to 32% for whole wheat. In the current trial, divergent protein and energy ADC values were obtained most notably in ingredients known to be high in fiber or have very high starch content. The comparability of ingredients/diets processed by cold pelleting or extrusion thus appears questionable at this juncture. C1 [Gaylord, T. Gibson; Barrows, Frederic T.] USDA ARS PWA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Rawles, Steven D.] USDA ARS SPA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gaylord, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS PWA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service Project [5366-21310-003-00D] FX We thank ARS technicians April M. Teague, Rebecca Jacobs, and Lorrie Van Tassel, ARS SCEP student, G. Scott Snyder, and University of Idaho personnel Mike Casten, and Lucas Porter for their assistance with this study. This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service Project number 5366-21310-003-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00220.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 379AG UT WOS:000261365900014 ER PT J AU Carroll, JE Pound, JM Miller, JA Kramer, A AF Carroll, J. E. Pound, J. M. Miller, J. A. Kramer, A. TI Reduced interference by gray squirrels with 4-poster deer treatment bait stations by using timed-release bait SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE White-tailed deer; corn bait; acaricide; blacklegged tick; lone star tick; 4-poster ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; STAR TICKS ACARI; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; MEDIUM-SIZED MAMMALS; SOUTHERN NEW-YORK; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODIDAE; DISEASE AB When white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, feed on corn bait dispensed by 4-poster tick control devices, they rub against paint rollers impregnated with acaricide. Gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, also feed on the corn bait in the feeding troughs of 4-posters, but in doing so, leave abundant corn fragments and meal that impede the flow of uneaten corn into the troughs. Large accumulations of fragments and meal adversely affect the operation of 4-posters and their use by deer. A battery-operated closure mechanism controlled by a photo sensor was developed to block the flow of corn into the troughs during the day when squirrels are active and deer infrequently visit 4-posters. The effectiveness of the diurnal corn restriction (DCR) concept and restriction mechanism was tested in a field trial at a tick-infested site in Maryland. DCR effectively eliminated accumulation of whole corn, partially eaten corn and corn meal in corn troughs associated with squirrel feeding. At the same time, deer usage of 4-posters was not diminished. Journal of Vector Ecology 33 (2): 325-332. 2008. C1 [Carroll, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, A.] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pound, J. M.; Miller, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Carroll, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 395LB UT WOS:000262524500015 PM 19263853 ER PT J AU Fraver, S Jonsson, BG Jonsson, M Esseen, PA AF Fraver, Shawn Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Mari Esseen, Per-Anders TI Demographics and disturbance history of a boreal old-growth Picea abies forest SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendrochronology; Late-successional forest; Mortality; Permanent plot; Rotated sigmoid diameter distribution; Wood-decay fungi; Woody debris ID HEMLOCK-HARDWOOD FORESTS; TREE MORTALITY; NORWAY SPRUCE; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; REGENERATION DYNAMICS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; CENTRAL-SWEDEN; DEAD WOOD; PATTERNS; STANDS AB Question: To what extent do tree growth, mortality, and long-term disturbance patterns affect stand structure and composition of an old-growth Picea abies forest? Location: Boreal Sweden. Methods: We linked data from three 50 m x 50 m permanent plots established in 1986 with dendrochronology data to evaluate tree growth and mortality over an 18-year period and to describe a several-hundred-year disturbance history for this forest type. Results: Averaged over all diameters, P. abies trees had an annual mortality rate of 0.60%; however, diameter had a striking effect on both growth and mortality, with trees of intermediate diameters (ca. 20-30 cm) showing faster growth and lower mortality. Their increased vigor gave rise to a diameter distribution resembling the 'rotated sigmoid' (not reverse-J) proposed for such conditions, and it led to a deficit of snags of intermediate diameters. Slow-growing trees had an increased likelihood of dying. Although recruitment occurred in most decades over the past 400 years, two prominent recruitment peaks occurred (mid 1700s and 1800s), neither of which appeared to cause a shift in tree species composition. The lack of fire evidence suggests that fire was not responsible for these recruitment peaks. Conclusions: Taken together, these results depict a rather impassive system, where canopy trees die slowly over decades. Field observations suggest that fungal infections, mediated by wind, account for much of the mortality during these periods of relative quiescence. However, these periods are at times punctuated by moderate-severity disturbances that foster abundant recruitment. C1 [Fraver, Shawn] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar; Jonsson, Mari] Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Nat Sci, S-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. [Esseen, Per-Anders] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM sfraver@fs.fed.us; bengt-gunnar.jonsson@miun.se; mari.jonsson@miun.se; per-anders.esseen@emg.umu.se FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Municipality of Sundsvall (Sweden); Northern Research Station; USDA Forest Service FX We thank Brittany Armstrong-Gordon and Mats Rydgard for assistance in the field. The manuscript was improved through discussions with John Bradford, Timo Kuuluvainen, Craig Lorimer, and Brain Palik. Support was provided by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Municipality of Sundsvall (Sweden), and the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 52 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 789 EP 798 DI 10.3170/2008-8-18449 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 416JK UT WOS:000264001900006 ER PT J AU Li, R Mock, R Huang, Q Abad, J Hartung, J Kinard, G AF Li, R. Mock, R. Huang, Q. Abad, J. Hartung, J. Kinard, G. TI A reliable and inexpensive method of nucleic acid extraction for the PCR-based detection of diverse plant pathogens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE CTAB; Extraction; Total nucleic acids; Plant pathogens; PCR-based detection ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CONVENTIONAL RT-PCR; REAL-TIME PCR; SWEET-POTATO; HIGH-QUALITY; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; SENSITIVE DETECTION; SPOT-VIRUS; RNA AB A reliable extraction method is described for the preparation of total nucleic acids from at least ten plant genera for subsequent detection of plant pathogens by PCR-based techniques. The method combined a modified CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) extraction protocol with a semi-automatic homogenizer (FastPrep (R) instrument) for rapid sample processing and low potential of cross contamination. The method was applied to sample preparation for PCR-based detection of 28 different RNA and DNA viruses, six viroids, two phytoplasmas and two bacterial pathogens from a range of infected host plants including sweet potato, small fruits and fruit trees. The procedure is cost-effective and the qualities of the nucleic acid preparations are comparable to those prepared by commonly used commercial kits. The efficiency of the procedure permits processing of numerous samples and the use of a single nucleic acid preparation for testing both RNA and DNA genomes by PCR, making this an appealing method for testing multiple pathogens in certification and quarantine programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, R.; Mock, R.; Kinard, G.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Q.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Abad, J.] USDA APHIS PPQ PHP, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hartung, J.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ruhui.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 77 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.09.008 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 385UJ UT WOS:000261838800007 PM 18848583 ER PT J AU Atkins, A Heard, DJ Mertins, JW Kimbro, J Greiner, EC AF Atkins, Adrienne Heard, Darryl J. Mertins, James W. Kimbro, Jason Greiner, Ellis C. TI HYPERPLASTIC DERMATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ACARIASIS IN A SIAMANG (SYMPHALANGUS SYNDACTYLUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Hylobates syndactylus; Symphalangus syndactylus; Psorergates cercopitheci; psorergatic mange; Psorobia; siamang ID PSORERGATIC MANGE; MACACA-ARCTOIDES; MITES; SKIN; IVERMECTIN; MYOBIIDAE; MONKEY AB A 36-yr-old male captive siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) was evaluated for mange in the form of generalized alopecia, flaky skin, and pruritus of 1 mo duration. Multiple skin scrapings and biopsies revealed high numbers of trombidiiform mites identified as Psorobia (formerly Psorergates) sp. near cercopitheci (Acarina: Psorergatidae) based on morphologic characteristics. Prolonged repetitive treatment with ivermectin killed the mites and resolved the clinical signs. Psorergatid mites should be considered as a cause of dry flaky skin in even long-term captive siamangs or other primates. This is the first record of psorergatid mites from a primate host in the family Hylobatidae. C1 [Atkins, Adrienne; Heard, Darryl J.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Kimbro, Jason; Greiner, Ellis C.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Mertins, James W.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Parasitol & Clin Pathol Sect,Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Atkins, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM atkinsa@vetmed.ufl.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 638 EP 641 DI 10.1638/2007-0056.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 383WY UT WOS:000261706300019 PM 19110709 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Corella, D AF Ordovas, Jose M. Corella, Dolores TI Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: the role of adipose tissue SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE metabolic syndrome; obesity; atherosclerosis; genetics ID FATTY-ACID-METABOLISM; PERILIPIN PLIN LOCUS; GENOME-WIDE SEARCH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENETIC-VARIATION; 11482G-GREATER-THAN-A POLYMORPHISM; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OBESITY RISK; WEIGHT-LOSS AB The metabolic syndrome comprises a set of metabolic and physiological risk factors associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk. The expression of each one of its major factors (hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance) has been found to be the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, one of them, obesity, may play a major role in triggering the metabolic syndrome by interacting with genetic variants at candidate genes for dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In support of this hypothesis, several studies at several candidate genes, mainly adipokines and perilipin, have already demonstrated the significance of these interactions; however, the information and its solidity are still very limited and in many cases, replication studies are still lacking in the literature. Therefore, more studies with better epidemiological design and standardized adiposity measures are needed to estimate the contribution of body weight and fat distribution to the genetic predisposition to the metabolic syndrome, the most common CVD risk factor in industrialized societies. C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.; Corella, Dolores] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH/NHLBI [HL54776]; NIH/NIDDK [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-9-001]; CIBER [CBO/6/03]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) FX This study was supported by grants NIH/NHLBI HL54776 and NIH/NIDDK DK075030, and by contract 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service and by CIBER (CBO/6/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 SU 111 BP S10 EP S14 DI 10.1038/ki.2008.517 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 376PV UT WOS:000261196400004 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV Yesilonis, ID Szlavecz, K Csuzdi, C Hornung, E Korsos, Z Russell-Anelli, J Giorgio, V AF Pouyat, Richard V. Yesilonis, Ian D. Szlavecz, Katalin Csuzdi, Csaba Hornung, Elizabeth Korsos, Zoltan Russell-Anelli, Jonathan Giorgio, Vincent TI Response of forest soil properties to urbanization gradients in three metropolitan areas SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baltimore; Budapest; Calcium; Copper; Heavy metals; Lead; New York; Urban soil; Urbanization gradient ID URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT; LAND-USE; BULK DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; STANDS; NITROGEN; REGION; LEAD AB We investigated the effects of urban environments on the chemical properties of forest soils in the metropolitan areas of Baltimore, New York, and Budapest. We hypothesized that soils in forest patches in each city will exhibit changes in chemistry corresponding to urbanization gradients, but more strongly with various urban metrics than distance to the urban core. Moreover, differences in parent material and development patterns would differentially affect the soil chemical response in each metropolitan area. Results showed that soil chemical properties varied with measures of urban land use in all three cities, including distance to the urban core, which was an unexpected result. Moreover, the results showed that the spatial extent and amount of change was greater in New York than in Baltimore and Budapest for those elements that showed a relationship to the urbanization gradient (Pb, Cu, and to a lesser extent Ca). The spatial relationship of the soil chemical properties to distance varied from city to city. In New York, concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Ca decreased to approximately background concentrations at 75 km from the urban core. By contrast, concentrations of these elements decreased closer to the urban core in Baltimore and Budapest. Moreover, a threshold was reached at about 75% urban land use above which concentrations of Pb and Cu increased by more than twofold relative to concentrations below this threshold. Results of this study suggest that forest soils are responding to urbanization gradients in all three cities, though characteristics of each city (spatial pattern of development, parent material, and pollution sources) influenced the soil chemical response. C1 [Pouyat, Richard V.; Yesilonis, Ian D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Csuzdi, Csaba] Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, Systemat Zool Res Grp HAS, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. [Csuzdi, Csaba; Korsos, Zoltan] Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, Dept Zool, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. [Hornung, Elizabeth] Szent Istvan Univ, Inst Biol, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. [Russell-Anelli, Jonathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban & Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Giorgio, Vincent] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5200 Westland Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM rpouyat@fs.fed.us RI Csuzdi, Csaba/A-8619-2010; Hornung, Elisabeth/E-5216-2011; Elisabeth, Hornung/S-4172-2016; OI Csuzdi, Csaba/0000-0002-0319-7836; Hornung, Elisabeth/0000-0002-9227-2673; Elisabeth, Hornung/0000-0002-9227-2673; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 FU US Forest Service's Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit [NE-4952]; National Science Foundation [DEB 97-14853]; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Environmental Protection Agency [R-82818204] FX We thank B. Hanlon for her comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding support was provided by the US Forest Service's Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit (NE-4952), Syracuse, NY; Baltimore Ecosystem Study grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 97-14853); and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (R-82818204). NR 40 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1187 EP 1203 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9288-6 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 385CL UT WOS:000261790600005 ER PT J AU Moreau, R Nes, WD Bach, T Parish, E Zawistowski, J AF Moreau, Robert A. Nes, W. David Bach, Thomas J. Parish, Edward J. Zawistowski, Jerzy TI Recent Advances in Sterol Research Presented at the 99th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo in Seattle Washington, May 2008 SO LIPIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Moreau, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Nes, W. David] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bach, Thomas J.] CNRS, Inst Biol Mol Plantes, F-67083 Strasbourg, France. [Parish, Edward J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zawistowski, Jerzy] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Moreau, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1091 EP 1093 DI 10.1007/s11745-008-3262-6 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 377YH UT WOS:000261287800001 PM 19031092 ER PT J AU Pan, ZL Shih, C McHugh, TH Hirschberg, E AF Pan, Zhongli Shih, Connie McHugh, Tara H. Hirschberg, Edward TI Study of banana dehydration using sequential infrared radiation heating and freeze-drying SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Banana; Drying; Infrared; Hot air; Quality; Drying rate; Temperature; Structure ID AIR; STRAWBERRIES; MICROWAVE; SLICES AB The drying and quality characteristics of banana slices processed with a sequential infrared radiation and freeze-drying (SIRFD) method were investigated. Cavendish bananas slices with 5 mm thickness were predehydrated using IR heating at each one of three radiation intensities, 3000, 4000, and 5000 W/m(2) or hot air at 62.8 degrees C. The predehydrated samples with 20% and 40% weight reductions obtained using 4000 W/m(2) IR intensity were then further dried using freeze-drying for various times to determine the effect of predehydration on the drying rate during freeze-drying. To improve the quality of dried banana chips, the banana slices were also treated with a dipping solution containing 10 g/l ascorbic acid and 10 g/l citric acid before the IR predehydration. Control samples were produced using regular freeze-drying without the predehydration. The quality characteristics of dried banana chips, including color, thickness shrinkage and crispness, were evaluated. The predehydration results showed that the drying rate of IR heating was significantly higher than the hot air drying and increased with the increase of IR intensity. For example, it took 10 and 38 min to achieve 40% weigh reduction by using IR at 4000 W/m(2) and hot air drying, respectively. However, the banana slices with IR predehydration dried slower during freeze-drying compared to the samples without predehydration, which was due to texture changes that occurred during the predehydration. Acid dipping improved product color and also reduced freeze-drying time compared to non-dipped samples. It has been concluded that SIRFD can be used for producing high crispy banana chips and additional acid dipping improved product color and reduced required freeze-drying time. (C) 2008 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli; Shih, Connie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hirschberg, Edward] Innovat Foods Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov FU Innovative Foods Inc. [58-3K95-5-1089] FX The authors thank Delilah F Wood and Donald A. Olson, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, for their support in SEM study and experiments and partial financial support from Innovative Foods Inc. under the CRADA project No. 58-3K95-5-1089. NR 23 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1944 EP 1951 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.01.019 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 358DO UT WOS:000259897100028 ER PT J AU Shi, JL Pan, ZL McHugh, TH Wood, D Hirschberg, E Olson, D AF Shi, Junling Pan, Zhongli McHugh, Tara H. Wood, Delilah Hirschberg, Edward Olson, Don TI Drying and quality characteristics of fresh and sugar-infused blueberries dried with infrared radiation heating SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blueberries; Drying; Infrared radiation heating; Quality; Sugar infusion; Temperature ID VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L.; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT; ONION SLICES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; DEHYDRATION; MICROWAVE; MODEL; CARROT; FRUITS AB We evaluated the finished product quality and infrared (IR) drying characteristics of fresh and sugar-infused blueberries dried with a catalytic infrared (CIR) dryer. IR drying tests were conducted at four product temperatures (60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees C) to evaluate the drying rate and the color and texture of the finished product. Fresh blueberries dried with convective hot air drying at 60 degrees C were used as control for comparison. The experimental data of moisture changes during IR drying were modeled with eight different models, including Page, modified Page, Thompson, Newton, Wang and Singh, and Henderson and Pabis, and two models developed in this study. The Thompson model showed the best fit to all experimental data. The CIR drying produced firmer-texture products with much reduced drying time compared with hot air drying. For fresh blueberries, CIR drying conserved drying time by 44% at 60 degrees C. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 2.24 x 10(-10) to 16.4 x 10(-10) m(2)/s and from 0.61 x 10(-10) to 3.84 x 10(-10) m(2)/s for fresh and sugar-infused blueberries, respectively. (C) 2008 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.; Olson, Don] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Shi, Junling] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Shi, Junling; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wood, Delilah] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hirschberg, Edward] Innovat Foods Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zlpan@ucdavis.edu NR 64 TC 73 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 EI 1096-1127 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1962 EP 1972 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.01.003 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 358DO UT WOS:000259897100030 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW Burke, PW Jojola, S Nolte, DL AF Witmer, Gary W. Burke, Patrick W. Jojola, Susan Nolte, Dale L. TI A live trap model and field trial of a nutria (Rodentia) multiple capture trap SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE coypu; multiple capture trap; Myocastor coypus; nutria; Rodentia; trapping ID HERBIVORES; COYPUS; IMPACT C1 [Witmer, Gary W.; Burke, Patrick W.; Jojola, Susan; Nolte, Dale L.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gary.W.Witmer@aphis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 352 EP 354 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2008.032 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 391KO UT WOS:000262232400012 ER PT J AU Frye, JG Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson, CR Rose, M AF Frye, Jonathan G. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Jackson, Charlene R. Rose, Markus TI Analysis of Salmonella enterica with Reduced Susceptibility to the Third-Generation Cephalosporin Ceftriaxone Isolated from US Cattle During 2000-2004 SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NORTH-AMERICA; ANIMAL ORIGIN; RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; NEWPORT; SPP. AB Over the past decade enteric bacteria in Europe, Africa, and Asia have become increasingly resistant to cephalosporin antimicrobial agents. This is largely due to the spread of genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes that can inactivate many cephalosporins. Recently, these resistance mechanisms have been identified in Salmonella isolated from humans in the United States. Due to the potential for transmission of resistant bacteria to humans via food animals, Salmonella animal isolates were monitored for ESBL production. During 2000-2004, Salmonella cattle slaughter isolates (n = 3,984) were tested, and 97 (2.4%,) of these were found to have decreased susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] >32 mu g/ml) to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone. The majority of these were serotypes Newport (58) and Agona (14), some of which were genetically indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. None of the isolates had an ESBL phenotype; all were susceptible to the fourth-generation cephalosporins cefepime and cefquinome. PCR and sequence analysis for resistance genes detected the bla(CMY-2) gene in 93 isolates and the bla(TEM-1) gene in 12 isolates; however, neither gene encodes an ESBL. These data indicate that bovine Salmonella isolates from the United States with decreased susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone do not exhibit an ESBL phenotype and most contain the bla(CMY-2) gene. C1 [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rose, Markus] Intervet Innovat GmbH, Schwabenheim, Rheinland Pfalz, Germany. RP Frye, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jonathan.frye@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1089/mdr.2008.0844 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 397XP UT WOS:000262696000002 PM 19025468 ER PT J AU Harris, S AF Harris, Susan TI Emerging roles of vitamin D: More reasons to address widespread vitamin D insufficiency SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D LEVELS; RISK C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Harris, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.harris@tufts.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 359 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2008.08.010 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 386XM UT WOS:000261915900001 PM 18840460 ER PT J AU Ceglia, L AF Ceglia, Lisa TI Vitamin D and skeletal muscle tissue and function SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Vitamin D; Skeletal muscle; Vitamin D receptor; Osteomalacic myopathy ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; CHRONIC RENAL-FAILURE; D-RECEPTOR GENOTYPE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CULTURED MYOBLASTS; OLDER-PEOPLE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 RECEPTORS; 1-ALPHA,25(OH)(2)-VITAMIN D-3 AB This review aims to summarize Current knowledge on the role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle tissue and function, Vitamin D deficiency can cause a myopathy of varying severity. Clinical studies have indicated that vitamin D status is positively associated with muscle strength and physical performance and inversely associated with risk of falling, Vitamin D supplementation has shown to improve tests of muscle function, reduce falls. and possibly impact on muscle fiber composition and morphology in vitamin D deficient older adults. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action on muscle tissue include genomic and non-genomic effects via a receptor present in muscle cells. Genomic effects are initiated by binding of 1,25-diliydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] to its nuclear receptor, which results in changes in gene transcription of mRNA and subsequent protein synthesis. Non-genomic effects of vitamin D are rapid and mediated through a cell surface receptor. Knockout mouse models of the vitamin D receptor provide insight into understanding the direct effects of vitamin D on muscle tissue. Recently, VDR polymorphisms have been described to affect muscle function. Parathyroid hormone which is strongly linked with vitamin D status also may play a role in muscle function: however, distinguishing its role from that of vitamin D has yet to be fully clarified. Despite the enormous advances in recent decades, further research is needed to fully characterize the exact underlying mechanisms of vitamin D action on muscle tissue and to understand how these cellular changes translate into clinical improvements in physical performance. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ceglia, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lisa.ceglia@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 76 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2008.07.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 386XM UT WOS:000261915900007 PM 18727936 ER PT J AU Buell, JS Dawson-Hughes, B AF Buell, Jennifer S. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Vitamin D and neurocognitive dysfunction: Preventing "D"ecline? SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Vitamin D; Cognitive function; Cognition; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Neurodegenerative diseases; Nutrition; Aging ID D-RECEPTOR GENE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; HOMEBOUND ELDERLY POPULATION; NEGATIVE ENDOCRINE REGULATOR; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB A preponderance of evidence supports a role for vitamin D beyond the classical function in mineral homeostasis. Epidemiologic investigations have revealed a beneficial role of vitamin D in Muscle function, cardiovascular health, diabetes, and cancer prevention. More recently, studies have suggested a potential beneficial role of vitamin D in cognitive function. Vitamin D exhibits functional attributes that may prove neuroprotective through antioxidative mechanisms, neuronal calcium regulation, immunomodulation, enhanced nerve conduction and detoxification mechanisms. Compelling evidence supports a beneficial role for the active form of vitamin D in the developing brain as well as in adult brain function. The vitamin D receptor and biosynthetic and degradative pathways for the hydroxylation of vitamin D have been found in the rodent brain; more recently these findings have been confirmed in humans. The vitamin D receptor and catalytic enzymes are colocalized in the areas of the brain involved in complex planning, processing, and the formation of new memories. These findings potentially implicate vitamin D in neurocognitive function. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Buell, Jennifer S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG021790-05] NR 105 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 386XM UT WOS:000261915900008 PM 18579197 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Zhang, BL AF Zhang, Yaqin Zhang, Baolin TI TRAIL Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells Is Associated with Constitutive Endocytosis of Death Receptors 4 and 5 SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND; MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; LIPID RAFTS; SELECTIVE MUTANTS; DECOY RECEPTORS; THERAPY; SIGNAL; PROTEIN; DR5; APO2L/TRAIL AB Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its agnostic antibodies, which are being evaluated clinically as anticancer therapies, selectively kill cancer cells through the death receptors DR4 and DR5. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by occurring resistance in tumor cells. Here, we compared the apoptotic response of a panel of six human breast cancer cell lines with recombinant human TRAIL and antibodies to DR4 or DR5. Despite their total mRNA and protein expression, TRAIL death receptors, with a higher frequency in DR4, are absent on cell surface in some cell lines. Loss of cell surface expression of DR4 or DR5 accounts for resistance to their corresponding antibody and, importantly, correlates with a decreased sensitivity to TRAIL. TRAIL resistance occurs when both receptors are absent on cell surface regardless of alterations in Bcl-2 family proteins or caspases. Furthermore, inhibition of endocytosis by pharmacologic inhibitors or disruption of clathrin-dependent endocytosis signaling components (adaptor protein 2 and clathrin) restores cell surface expression of the death receptors and sensitize TRAIL-resistant cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. DR4 endocytosis appears to be mediated by its cytoplasmic domain EAQC(337)LL. The results show that TRAIL death receptors undergo constitutive endocytosis in some breast cancer cells. Loss of cell surface expression of DR4 and DR5 could be evaluated as a biomarker for TRAIL resistance in breast tumors. Moreover, the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway could be a potential target for therapeutics to overcome tumor resistance to TRAIL receptor-targeted therapies. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(12):1861-71) C1 [Zhang, Yaqin; Zhang, Baolin] USDA, Div Therapeut Prot, Off Biotechnol Prod, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zhang, BL (reprint author), USDA, Div Therapeut Prot, Off Biotechnol Prod, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, 29 Lincoln Dr,Bldg 29A,Room 2A01,HFD-122, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Baolin.zhang@fda.hhs.gov FU Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Fund FX Grant support: Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Fund. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 44 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1861 EP 1871 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0313 PG 11 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 385OZ UT WOS:000261824800007 PM 19074831 ER PT J AU Schwaninger, HR AF Schwaninger, Heidi R. TI Global mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and biogeographic history of the antitropically and longitudinally disjunct marine bryozoan Membranipora membranacea L. (Cheilostomata): Another cryptic marine sibling species complex? SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Marine phylogeography; Bryozoa; COI; Mitochondrial DNA; Maximum likelihood; Maximum parsimony; Bayesian; Dispersal; Antitropical; Membranipora; Sibling species ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-URCHINS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SOUTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; CELLEPORELLA-HYALINA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE AB The origin of disjunct distributions in high dispersal marine taxa remains an important evolutionary question as it relates to the formation of new species in an environment where barriers to gene flow are not always obvious. To reconstruct the relationships and phylogeographic history of the antitropically and longitudinally disjunct bryozoan Membranipora membranacea populations were surveyed with mtDNA cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences across its cosmopolitan range. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian genealogies revealed three deep clades in the North Pacific and one monophyletic clade each in the southeast Pacific (Chile), southwest Pacific (Australia/New Zealand), North Atlantic and southeast Atlantic (South Africa). Human-mediated dispersal has not impacted M. membranacea's large-scale genetic structure. M. membranacea did not participate in the trans-arctic interchange. Episodic long-distance dispersal, combined with climatic vicariance can explain the disjunct distribution. Dispersal led southward across the tropics perhaps 13 mya in the East Pacific and again northwards perhaps 6 mya in the Eastern Atlantic to colonize the North Atlantic from the South, and along the West Wind Drift to colonize Australia. The clades differentiated over evolutionary time in their respective ocean region, potentially forming a sibling species complex. The taxonomic status of the clades is discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwaninger, Heidi R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schwaninger, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, 630W N St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM hs16@cornell.edu FU Andrew Mellon Foundation; Luce Fellowship; Roosevelt Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; Cornell Graduate School; Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation [DEB-9423868, IBN-9408229] FX For samples I thank G. Bruntse, J. Cancino, S. Eisner, D. Gordon, S. Hageman, C.D. Harvell, E. Hunter, M. Lindegarth, C. McFadden, C. Nielsen, A. Noerrevang, E. Fernandez-Pulpeiro, M. Ridgway, L. Roberson, J. Schaeffer and J. Winston. I further thank the South Australian Department of Fisheries for permitting collections in the Marine Reserve at Port Noarlunga jetty and the South Australian Museum for supporting these collections. For technical advice I thank J. Winston (the distribution of Membranipora spp. could not have been compiled without her expertise, investment of precious time, and cabinets full of pertinent literature), P. Taylor (for expert advice on the fossil record), S. Bogdanovicz, B. Normark, S. France (who suggested the primers that worked), S. Schneider (who helped with Arlequin and AMOVA), M. Cummings. For valuable comments on this manuscript I thank my committee C. D. Harvell, R. Harrison and C. Aquadro, as well as J. Labate, M. Luckow, A. Kohn, J. Andras and anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by Grants to HRS from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, a Luce Fellowship, the Roosevelt Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, the Cornell Graduate School, multiple grants from Sigma Xi, National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant #DEB-9423868 and the National Science Foundation grant IBN-9408229 to C.D. Harvell. This paper is based on material submitted in partial fulfillment of a Ph.D. at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and a Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic relationships performed during the Workshop on Molecular Evolution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. NR 161 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 893 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.016 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 383BA UT WOS:000261647900017 PM 18799135 ER PT J AU Anducho-Reyes, MA Cognato, AI Hayes, JL Zuniga, G AF Anducho-Reyes, Miguel A. Cognato, Anthony I. Hayes, Jane L. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Phylogeography of the bark beetle Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins (Coleoptera:Curculionidae: Scolytinae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus mexicanus; Divergence time; Range expansion; Nucleotide diversity; Nested clade phylogeographic analysis ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA COLEOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; PONDEROSA PINE; CURCULIONIDAE; HAPLOTYPES AB Dendroctonus mexicanus is polyphagous within the Pinus genus and has a wide geographical distribution in Mexico and Guatemala. We examined the pattern of genetic variation across the range of this species to explore its demographic history and its phylogeographic pattern. Analysis of the mtDNA sequences of 173 individuals from 25 Mexican populations allowed to us identify 53 geographically structured haplo-types. High haplotype and low nucleotide diversities and Tajima's D indicate that D. mexicanus experienced rapid population expansion during its dispersal across mountain systems within its current range. The nested clade phylogeographic analysis indicates that the phylogeographic pattern of D. mexicanus is explained by continuous dispersion among lineages from the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. However, we also observed isolation events among haplotypes from the Cofre de Perote/Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt/Sierra Madre Oriental and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt/Sierra Madre del Sur, which is consistent with the present conformation of mountain systems in Mexico and the emergence of geographical barriers during the Pleistocene. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Anducho-Reyes, Miguel A.; Zuniga, Gerardo] IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Cognato, Anthony I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hayes, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Zuniga, G (reprint author), IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Prol Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N,Col Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM capotezu@hotmail.com FU CGPI [20051200]; CONACyT [44887-Q, 124628]; USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank R. Cisneros, J.E. Macias Samano, and A. Olivo for their assistance in the field; and J.E. Macias Samano, Fabian Vargas, Enrico Ruiz, Ismael Ferrusquia-Villafranca, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by CGPI (20051200) and CONACyT (44887-Q) research Grant to G. Zuniga, and by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. M.A. Anducho-Reyes was a CONACyT fellow (124628). Preliminary results of this study were presented at the annual meeting of Entomological Society of America, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, December 2005. NR 77 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 930 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.005 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 383BA UT WOS:000261647900019 PM 18824110 ER PT J AU Bolton, MD Kolmer, JA Xu, WW Garvin, DF AF Bolton, Melvin D. Kolmer, James A. Xu, Wayne W. Garvin, David F. TI Lr34-Mediated Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat: Transcript Profiling Reveals a High Energetic Demand Supported by Transient Recruitment of Multiple Metabolic Pathways SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE beta-oxidation; GABA; gene expression; glycolysis; PDH bypass; TCA cycle ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE; DEPENDENT GENE-EXPRESSION; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSE GENES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; BREAD WHEAT; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE AB The wheat gene Lr34 confers partial resistance to all races of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust. However, the biological basis for the exceptional durability of Lr34 is unclear. We used the Affymetrix GeneChip Wheat Genome Array to compare transcriptional changes of near-isogenic lines of Thatcher wheat in a compatible interaction, an incompatible interaction conferred by the resistance gene Lr1, and the race-nonspecific response conditioned by Lr34 3 and 7 days postinoculation (dpi) with P. triticina. No differentially expressed genes were detected in Lr1 plants at either timepoint whereas, in the compatible Thatcher interaction, differentially expressed genes were detected only at 7 dpi. In contrast, differentially expressed genes were identified at both timepoints in P. triticina-inoculated Lr34 plants. At 3 dpi, upregulated genes associated with Lr34-mediated resistance encoded various defense and stress-related proteins, secondary metabolism enzymes, and transcriptional regulation and cellular-signaling proteins. Further, coordinated upregulation of key genes in several metabolic pathways that can contribute to increased carbon flux through the tricarboxylic cycle was detected. This indicates that Lr34-mediated resistance imposes a high energetic demand that leads to the induction of multiple metabolic responses to support cellular energy requirements. These metabolic responses were not sustained through 7 dpi, and may explain why Lr34 fails to inhibit the pathogen fully but does increase the latent period. C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.; Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kolmer, James A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Xu, Wayne W.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM David.Garvin@ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1515 EP 1527 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-12-1515 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 394IT UT WOS:000262441100001 PM 18986248 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Chen, YL Fujioka, FM AF Yang, Yang Chen, Yi-Leng Fujioka, Francis M. TI Effects of Trade-Wind Strength and Direction on the Leeside Circulations and Rainfall of the Island of Hawaii SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE FLOW; MESOSCALE SPECTRAL MODEL; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; AIR-FLOW; FROUDE-NUMBER; PART I; CLOUD DISTRIBUTIONS; ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; DIURNAL-VARIATION AB The leeside circulations and weather of the island of Hawaii were studied from the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) land surface model simulations for eight strong (similar to 7.9 m s(-1)) and eight weak (similar to 5.2 m s(-1)) trade-wind days and for five days with southeasterly trades (similar to 7.1 m s(-1)) during summer 2004. The objective is to investigate the effects of trade-wind strength and directions on the leeside circulations and rainfall and the modification of these effects by the land surface thermal forcing. For the small wake on the lee side of the Kohala Mountains (1700 m, lower than the trade-wind inversion at 2000 m) over northern Hawaii, the hydraulic jump is present with stronger down-slope winds and warmer and drier conditions on the lee side and a weaker westerly reversed flow offshore when trades are stronger. In contrast, the westerly reversed flow along the large wake axis off the central Kona leeside coast (behind massive mountains with tops >4000 m) is 1-1.5 m s(-1) stronger and 200-300 m deeper with higher moisture content when trades are stronger. Over the Kona slopes, the daytime thermally direct circulation cell is more significant when trades are stronger because of descending airflow aloft with less cloudiness. In the evening, the convergence between the westerly reversed flow offshore along the wake axis and the offshore/katabatic flow in the Kona coastal region is more significant with higher evening rainfall when trades are stronger. During the day, the lee side of the Kohala Mountains is characterized by a reversed flow (similar to 4 m s(-1)) merging with sea-breeze circulations along the coast. When trades are stronger, the convergence between the anabatic winds and the descending flow from the upper slopes is greater. However, the simulated cloud water there is less under strong trades because of warmer and drier conditions due to significant adiabatic descent in the lee. At night, when trades are stronger, the combined downslope/katabatic flow prevails without a reversed flow offshore. Under a southeasterly trade-wind flow with a lower trade-wind inversion (1.5 km), the westerly reversed flow is shallower; the adiabatic descent aloft on the southwestern leeside areas is more significant with warmer temperatures (0.5 K), a larger negative potential vorticity maximum [0.2 potential vorticity units (PVU),1 PVU = 10(-6) K m(2) s(-1) kg(-1)], and a more pronounced anticyclonic vortex offshore. The westerly reversed flow off the Kona coast shifts northward. C1 [Yang, Yang; Chen, Yi-Leng] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fujioka, Francis M.] USDA, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Chen, YL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yileng@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0140387]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [05-JV-11272165-015]; University of Hawaii; Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC) FX We thank the NCAR MM5 group for the applications of the MM5-LSM, the anonymous reviewers for their comments, and D. Henderson for editing the text. We also thank Dr. W.-C. Lee of NCAR for his comments. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0140387 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Cooperative Research Agreement 05-JV-11272165-015. We thank the University of Hawaii and the Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC) for their support of this project. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 4799 EP 4818 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2365.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000016 ER PT J AU Palmer, J Lindner, D Volk, T AF Palmer, Jonathan M. Lindner, Daniel L. Volk, Thomas J. TI Ectomycorrhizal characterization of an American chestnut (Castanea dentata)-dominated community in Western Wisconsin SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE American chestnut; Chromelosporium; Cryphonectria parasitica; Ectomycorrhizae; Eastern hardwood forests ID PINE PINUS MURICATA; CASTANEA-DENTATA; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; FUNGAL DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; FOREST; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; SPECIFICITY; OAK AB Circa 1900, a farmer from the eastern US planted 11 American chestnut (Castanea dentata) seeds on a newly established farm near West Salem in western Wisconsin. These trees were very successful, producing a large stand of over 6,000 trees. Since this area is well outside the natural range of chestnut, these trees remained free from chestnut blight until 1987. In the West Salem stand, chestnuts are the dominant species of a mixed forest community, reminiscent of the chestnut-oak ecosystems of pre-1900 Appalachia. To identify putative mycorrhizal associates of chestnut in this unique forest, our approach was twofold: (1) an extensive fruiting body survey was conducted for four seasons that yielded approximately 100 putative mycorrhizal species and (2) a belowground molecular approach was used to generate DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region from ectomycorrhizae. Unexpectedly, chestnut did not appear to be the dominant underground ectomycorrhizal-forming plant species. This study highlights the need to identify the plant host species when conducting belowground molecular-based surveys and provides preliminary identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with a disjunct stand of American chestnut. C1 [Palmer, Jonathan M.; Volk, Thomas J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Palmer, J (reprint author), 3465 Microbial Sci,1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM palmer3@wisc.edu RI Palmer, Jonathan/A-3890-2009 OI Palmer, Jonathan/0000-0003-0929-3658 FU American Chestnut Foundation; Graduate Student Research Service and Education Leadership FX We would like to thank the Dolores Rhyme and Ron Bockenhauer families for allowing access to the West Salem chestnut site. We thank Daniel Kinney, Sean Westmoreland, Nik Zitomer, Adam Gusse, Kelsea Jewel, and Bernadette O'Reilly, participants of the 2001 Smith foray and 2005 NAMA foray, for their help with collections, especially Andrew Methven, Karen Nakasone, James Scott, Rosanne Healy, Bart Buyck, Patrick Leacock, Wyatt Gaswick, and Heather Hallen-Adams. Michael Abler and Meredith Thomsen reviewed an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was partially funded by the American Chestnut Foundation and the Graduate Student Research Service and Education Leadership Grant Program at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s00572-008-0200-7 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 397QZ UT WOS:000262678500004 PM 18807258 ER PT J AU Meer, RKV Preston, CA Hefetz, A AF Meer, Robert K. Vander Preston, Catherine A. Hefetz, Abraham TI Queen regulates biogenic amine level and nestmate recognition in workers of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Formicidae; Octopamine; Dopamine; Modulation; Aggression ID CAMPONOTUS-FELLAH; OCTOPAMINE; BEHAVIOR; TROPHALLAXIS; BRAIN AB Nestmate recognition is a critical element in social insect organization, providing a means to maintain territoriality and close the colony to parasites and predators. Ants detect the colony chemical label via their antennae and respond to the label mismatch of an intruder with aggressive behavior. In the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, worker ability to recognize conspecific nonnestmates decreases if the colony queen is removed, such that they do not recognize conspecific nonnestmates as different. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of the colony queen influences the concentration of octopamine, a neuromodulator, in worker ants, which in turn has an effect on nestmate recognition acuity in workers. We demonstrate that queenless workers exhibit reduced brain octopamine levels and reduced discriminatory acuteness; however, feeding queenless workers octopamine restored both. Dopamine levels are influenced by honeybee queen pheromones; however, levels of this biogenic amine were unchanged in our experiments. This is the first demonstration of a link between the presence of the colony queen, a worker biogenic amine, and conspecific nestmate recognition, a powerful expression of colony cohesion and territoriality. C1 [Meer, Robert K. Vander; Preston, Catherine A.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hefetz, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Meer, RKV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23Rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bob.vandermeer@ars.usda.gov RI Hefetz, Abraham/I-3853-2015 FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2003367] FX We thank Michele Custer and Terry Krueger for technical support and Drs. Allan, Valles, and Choi for reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported in part by US-Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant No. 2003367. The experiments presented in this paper comply with the current laws of the US. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1155 EP 1158 DI 10.1007/s00114-008-0432-6 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 363UT UT WOS:000260293100006 ER PT J AU Donald, PA Patananan, AN Cerna, CA Simmons, T Castro, N Wilgar, JL Goheen, C AF Donald, P. A. Patananan, A. N. Cerna, C. A. Simmons, T. Castro, N. Wilgar, J. L. Goheen, C. TI PROTEIN COMPARISON OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE POPULATIONS USING SDS-PAGE SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Heterodera glycines; SCN; variability AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) represents one of the most serious threats to predictable soybean yield in the United States. Originally discovered in North Carolina during 1954, intraspecific SCN population variability was soon noted. To reduce SCN crop damage, multiple agriculture techniques have been exploited. Of these, resistant varieties and rotation to non host crops have been the most effective in reducing the SCN egg population density. However, no single strategy is effective due to variation in SCN populations, lack of complete resistance, and economics of non host crop production. Although it is well accepted that dissimilarities in virulence phenotypes are not associated with any morphological distinctions, knowledge of biochemical characterization of SCN populations is lacking. Therefore, the protein profiles of eggs from four SCN populations were differentiated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Out of 25 protein bands ranging in molecular weight from 40 to 200 kDa, no differences were observed among any of the populations. These results suggest that eggs from SCN populations differing in virulence phenotypes have similar proteins at the resolution of SDS-PAGE. C1 [Donald, P. A.] ARS USDA CGRPU, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Patananan, A. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Cerna, C. A.; Simmons, T.; Castro, N.; Wilgar, J. L.; Goheen, C.] Battelle NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Donald, PA (reprint author), ARS USDA CGRPU, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM pat.donald@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board FX Thanks to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science for support through the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program and to Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board for partial funding. Thanks to Karen Wieda, Royace Aikin, and Dale Johns as well as Rick Zanger for use of equipment and to Barb Michaud, Gordon White, and David Lane for technical and greenhouse assistance. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V10PP UT WOS:000207476200004 ER PT J AU Werner-Keiss, N Garten, W Richt, JA Porombka, D Algermissen, D Herzog, S Baumgaertner, W Herden, C AF Werner-Keiss, N. Garten, W. Richt, J. A. Porombka, D. Algermissen, D. Herzog, S. Baumgaertner, W. Herden, C. TI Restricted expression of Borna disease virus glycoprotein in brains of experimentally infected Lewis rats SO NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borna disease virus; brain; glycoprotein; Lewis rat; neurotropism; persistence ID STRAND RNA VIRUS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; MATRIX PROTEIN; P56 PROTEIN; CELLS; REPLICATION; POLYMERASE; SEQUENCE AB Aim: Borna disease virus (BDV) induces a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS) accompanied by a non-purulent meningoencephalitis. BDV-infection of Lewis rats provides an important model to investigate basic principles of neurotropism, viral persistence and resulting dysfunctions. To date, the in vivo strategies of BDV to persist in the CNS are not fully understood. Viral glycoproteins are main targets of the antiviral defence implicating a controlled expression in case of persistent infections. Therefore, we analysed the expression profiles of the BDV-glycoprotein (BDV-GP) and corresponding BDV-intron II RNA in experimentally infected rat brains, focusing on their spatio-temporal occurrence, regional, cellular and intracellular locations. Methods: This was carried out by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The expression pattern of the most abundantly expressed BDV-nucleoprotein (BDV-N) served as a reference. Results: BDV-N mRNA was detected preferentially in the cytoplasm of neurones, whereas BDV-intron II mRNA was found predominantly in the nucleus of brain cells. The genomic RNA was restricted to the nucleus. Expression of BDV-GP was significantly lower than BDV-N expression and mainly limited to cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus. BDV-GP was restricted to larger neurones; BDV-N occurred also in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Conclusions: The expression profiles of BDV-GP, BDV-N and their mRNAs are significantly different, indicating that BDV-GP expression is regulated in vivo. This might be achieved by restricted nuclear export and/or maturation of BDV-intron II mRNA or limited translation as a viral mechanism to escape from the immune response and enable persistence in the CNS. C1 [Werner-Keiss, N.; Porombka, D.; Algermissen, D.; Baumgaertner, W.; Herden, C.] Univ Vet Med Hanover, Inst Pathol, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. [Garten, W.] Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Werner-Keiss, N.] Univ Giessen, Inst Vet Pathol, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Herzog, S.] Univ Giessen, Inst Virol, D-6300 Giessen, Germany. [Richt, J. A.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Herden, C (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Hanover, Inst Pathol, Bunteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. EM christiane.herden@tiho-hannover.de NR 64 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-1846 J9 NEUROPATH APPL NEURO JI Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 BP 590 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.00940.x PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 374UZ UT WOS:000261070500003 PM 18282160 ER PT J AU Snyder, SA Kilgore, MA Taff, SJ Schertz, JM AF Snyder, Stephanie A. Kilgore, Michael A. Taff, Steven J. Schertz, Joseph M. TI Estimating a Family Forest Landowner's Likelihood of Posting against Trespass SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE family forests; hunting; access; recreation; logit model ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; RURAL LANDOWNERS; PRIVATE FORESTS; ACCESS POLICIES; UNITED-STATES; EAST TEXAS; OWNERS; LANDS; MANAGEMENT; MONTANA AB Hunters and other recreators face challenges to gain access to private forestland in the United States because of an increasing number of landowners posting their land. A landowners' decision to post their land is influenced by a variety of factors, including landowner characteristics, hunter behavior, and parcel attributes. We used a logit model to help understand why family forest landowners in Minnesota post their land against public trespass. Factors that increased the likelihood of posting included younger owners, a perception that allowing access would interfere with one's own hunting, a perception that allowing access would result in damage to one's property, hunting as the primary reason for forestland ownership, larger parcel size, having a management plan, higher property values, and a high percentage of surrounding area open to public hunting. Implications of increased posting by family forest owners on hunting access and wildlife management are discussed. C1 [Snyder, Stephanie A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kilgore, Michael A.; Schertz, Joseph M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Taff, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Snyder, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; mkilgore@umn.edu; sjtaff@umn.edu; Scher166@umn.edu FU Bladin Foundation, the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MN-42-049] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Bladin Foundation, the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (Project MN-42-049), and the US Forst Service, Northern Research Station. We are greatful to Paul Gobster and John Schelhas for providing comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 180 EP 185 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZO UT WOS:000262059500002 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, Don C. TI Practical Extension of a Lake States Tree Height Model SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE champion trees; eastern white pine; NIRM; nonlinear model ID GROWTH; LIMITS; CURVES AB By adapting data from national and state champion lists and the predictions of an existing height model, an exponential function was developed to improve tree height estimation. As a case study, comparisons between the original and redesigned model were made with eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). For example, the heights predicted by the new design varied by centimeters from the original until the pines were more than 25 cm dbh, after which the differences increased notably. On a very good site (50-year base age site index [SI(50)] = 27.4 m) at the upper end of the range of basal area (BA; 68.9 m(2)/ha) for the region, the redesigned model predicted a champion-sized eastern white pine (actual measurements: 97.0 cm dbh, 50.9 m tall) to be 51.3 m tall, compared with 38.8 m using the original formulation under the same conditions. The NORTHWDS Individual Response Model (NIRM) individual tree model further highlighted the influence of these differences with long-term simulations of eastern white pine height. On a moderate site (SI(50) = 18.7 m) with intermediate (BA = 15 m(2)/ha) stand density, NIRM results show that the original model consistently predicts heights to be 20-30% lower for mature white pine. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 186 EP 194 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZO UT WOS:000262059500003 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA AF Westfall, James A. TI Differences in Computed Individual-Tree Volumes Caused by Differences in Field Measurements SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE quality assurance; measurement error; forest inventory; estimation ID ERROR AB Individual-tree volumes are primarily predicted using volume equations that rely on measured tree attributes. In the northeastern United States, the Forest Inventory and Analysis program determines tree volume using dbh, bole height, proportion of cull, and species information. These measurements are subject to variability due to a host of factors. The sensitivity of the volume equations were assessed in relation to changes in each of the input variables. Additionally, data from 3,345 frees that were independently remeasured were used to assess differences in gross and net volumes between operational and audit measurements. Evaluations were conducted for dbh, bole height, and proportion of cull classes, across 18 different species groups. Differences in bole height and proportion cull measurements were found to contribute the most to volume differences. Surprisingly, frees with relatively short bole heights were affected more than trees having taller bole heights. Differences in dbh and species identification contributed little to the volume differences. An analysis of the full data set across all realized volume differences showed no statistical bias in either gross or not volume. These results show the influence that specific field measurements have on accurate estimation of volume, which may be useful for targeting specific attributes where additional training or refined measurement protocols could improve consistency. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 388ZO UT WOS:000262059500004 ER PT J AU Pachon, H Stolzfus, RJ Glahn, RP AF Pachon, Helena Stolzfus, Rebecca J. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Chicken thigh, chicken liver, and iron-fortified wheat flour increase iron uptake in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Iron uptake; Meat; Iron-fortified food; In vitro digestion; Caco-2 cells; Bioavailability ID ASCORBIC-ACID; CULTURE MODEL; WEANING FOOD; ABSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; HUMANS; MEAT; AVAILABILITY; PREDICTS; CEREAL AB The objective of this study was to test meat and fortified-food combinations to identify those that optimize iron uptake in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model, a proxy for iron bioavailability. Four experiments tested combinations of meats such as chicken (blood, spleen, liver, thigh), beef (cube steak), and fish (whole-fish meal) with iron-fortified foods (rice cereal, maize-soy flour, wheat flour). Chicken liver, thigh, spleen, blood, or fish meal increased the Caco-2 cell iron uptake from these combined with rice cereal (P < .05). Chicken liver, thigh, blood, and beef increased the Caco-2 cell iron uptake from these combined with wheat flour (P < .05). Chicken liver and thigh were tested further. Compared with the liver or thigh alone, adding fortified foods to these meats did not increase the Caco-2 cell iron uptake (P >= .05). Adding either meat to the 3 fortified foods increased the Caco-2 cell iron uptake of the fortified foods (P < .05). Chicken liver, chicken thigh, and wheat flour were selected for an infant porridge because the combinations with the highest Caco-2 cell iron uptake were chicken thigh + wheat flour, chicken liver + wheat flour, and chicken liver + maize-soy flour, and wheat flour was the least expensive fortified food sold in the target population. Per unit of iron, the chicken thigh + wheat flour and chicken liver + wheat flour combinations resulted in the highest bioavailable iron. In the proportion of 3:1 fortified food:meat examined, meat increases the bioavailability of iron-fortified foods, but iron-fortified foods do not enhance total iron bioavailability when added to meat. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pachon, Helena; Stolzfus, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pachon, H (reprint author), Ctr Int Agr Trop, Apartado Aereo 6713, Cali, Colombia. EM h.pachon@cgiar.org FU PHS HHS [5 T32 K07158-28] NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 12 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.09.003 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 385OL UT WOS:000261823400006 PM 19083498 ER PT J AU Mein, JR Lian, F Wang, XD AF Mein, Jonathan R. Lian, Fuzhi Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Biological activity of lycopene metabolites: implications for cancer prevention SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE biological activity; cancer prevention; lycopene metabolites ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR; SMOKE-EXPOSED FERRETS; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; BETA-CAROTENE; PROSTATE-CANCER; VITAMIN-A; OXIDATIVE METABOLITES AB While early studies focused on the potential roles in health and disease of provitamin A carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, research over the past decade has provided a framework for our understanding of the functions of non-provitamin A carotenoids such as lycopene, especially in regards to its association with a reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases, including cancer. Recent data suggests that lycopene metabolites may possess specific biological activities on several important cellular signaling pathways and molecular targets. Carotenoid metabolites may have more important biological roles than their parent compounds in human health and disease. This notion has been reinforced by the observation of both beneficial and detrimental effects of carotenoid metabolites in cancer prevention. C1 [Mein, Jonathan R.; Lian, Fuzhi; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu RI Lian, Fuzhi/F-9083-2015 OI Lian, Fuzhi/0000-0002-0733-579X FU NIH [R01CA104932]; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This material is based upon work supported by NIH Grant R01CA104932 and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions,. findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author( s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH or the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 135 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 66 IS 12 BP 667 EP 683 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00120.x PG 17 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 375HO UT WOS:000261105000001 PM 19019036 ER PT J AU Bray, MS AF Bray, Molly S. TI Implications of Gene-Behavior Interactions: Prevention and Intervention for Obesity SO OBESITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gene-Nutrition and Gene-Nutrition and Gene-Physical Activitity Interactions in the Etiology of Obesity Workshop CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Bethesda, MD SP NIH, Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NCI Div Nutr Sci, NIH Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst ID LOW-CALORIE DIET; BETA(3)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR GENE; LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE; EARLY-ONSET OBESITY; WEIGHT-LOSS; FRAMESHIFT MUTATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MORBID-OBESITY; LEPTIN LEVELS; FAT MASS AB A vast body of research exists to demonstrate that obesity is a complex disorder with a strong genetic basis and a multifactorial etiology. Yet despite the overwhelming evidence that genes play an important role in the development of obesity, many people argue that the increasing prevalence of obesity is simply due to an abundance of palatable food and a dearth of opportunities for physical exercise. While activity and eating behaviors contribute substantially to the development of obesity, considering these to be the only etiologic factors is directly contradictory to what is now known about how eating and energy balance are regulated. Our understanding of the molecular processes controlling eating behavior, in particular, has accelerated exponentially in the last 10 years, and this is one area in which obesity genetics has made great progress. Our challenge is to understand more fully how genetic variation may interact with behavioral factors to influence the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Although exercise and diet strategies are used routinely for obesity treatment, there is a huge variability in how individuals respond to these interventions. There is also a substantial amount of evidence that such responses may also be regulated by genes. Understanding gene response relationships is the key to developing more efficacious intervention and prevention programs for obesity. C1 [Bray, Molly S.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bray, Molly S.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bray, MS (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mbray@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK062148, R01 DK062148, R01 DK062148-06S1] NR 95 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 SU 3 BP S72 EP S78 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.522 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 379ON UT WOS:000261406200013 PM 19037218 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, Jose M. TI Genotype-Phenotype Associations: Modulation by Diet and Obesity SO OBESITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gene-Nutrition and Gene-Nutrition and Gene-Physical Activitity Interactions in the Etiology of Obesity Workshop CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Bethesda, MD SP NIH, Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NCI Div Nutr Sci, NIH Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst ID LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE GENE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION SURVIVORS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; BODY-MASS INDEX; BLOOD-PRESSURE; NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS; ENDOTHELIN-1 GENE; APOE GENOTYPE AB Changes in diet are likely to reduce chronic disorders, but after decades of active research and heated discussion, the question still remains: what is the optimal diet to achieve this elusive goal? Is it a low-fat diet, as traditionally recommended by multiple medical societies? Or a high monounsaturated fat (MUFA) diet as predicated by the Mediterranean diet? Perhaps a high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) diet based on the cholesterol-lowering effects? The right answer may be all of the above but not for everybody. A well-known phenomenon in nutrition research and practice is the dramatic variability in interindividual response to any type of dietary intervention. There are many other factors influencing response, and they include, among many others, age, sex, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking as well as genetic factors that will help to identify vulnerable populations/ individuals that will benefit from a variety of more personalized and mechanistic-based dietary recommendations. This potential could and needs to be developed within the context of nutritional genomics that in conjunction with systems biology may provide the tools to achieve the holy grail of dietary prevention and therapy of chronic diseases and cancer. This approach will break with the traditional public health approach of "one size fits all."The current evidence based on nutrigenetics has begun to identify subgroups of individuals who benefit more from a low-fat diet, whereas others appear to benefit more from high MUFA or PUFA diets. The continuous progress in nutrigenomics will allow some time in the future to provide targeted gene-based dietary advice. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL72524, HL54776, R01 HL054776, R01 HL054776-09A1, R01 HL054776-10, U01 HL072524, U01 HL072524-06]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK075030, R01 DK075030, R01 DK075030-01A1, R01 DK075030-03] NR 79 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 SU 3 BP S40 EP S46 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.515 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 379ON UT WOS:000261406200007 PM 19037211 ER PT J AU Alarcon, R Waser, NM Ollerton, J AF Alarcon, Ruben Waser, Nickolas M. Ollerton, Jeff TI Year-to-year variation in the topology of a plant-pollinator interaction network SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID FLOWER VISITOR WEBS; ASYMMETRIC SPECIALIZATION; COEVOLUTIONARY NETWORKS; FOOD-WEB; ABUNDANCE; BIODIVERSITY; NESTEDNESS; ASSEMBLAGE; ECOLOGY; SIZE AB Vigorous discussion of the degree of specialization in pollination interactions, combined with advances in the analysis of complex networks, has revitalized the study of entire plant-pollinator communities. Noticeably rare, however, are attempts to quantify temporal variation in the structure of plant-pollinator networks, and to determine whether the status of species as specialists or generalists is stable. Here we show that network structure varied through time in a montane meadow community from southern California, USA, in that pollinator species did not form the same links with plant species across years. Furthermore, composition of the generalized core group of species in the network varied among summers, as did the identity of those species involved in relationships that appeared to be reciprocally specialized within any one summer. These differences appear to be related to severe drought conditions experienced in the second summer of the 3 year study. In contrast to this variation, the pollinator community remained similarly highly nested in all three summers, even though species were packed into the nested matrix differently from year to year. These results suggest that plant-pollinator networks vary in detail through time, while retaining some basic topological properties. This dynamic aspect of community-scale interactions has implications for both ecological and evolutionary inferences about pollination mutualisms. C1 [Alarcon, Ruben; Waser, Nickolas M.] Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA. [Alarcon, Ruben; Waser, Nickolas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ollerton, Jeff] Univ Northampton, Sch Appl Sci, Northampton NN2 7AL, England. RP Alarcon, R (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ralarcon@email.arizona.edu RI Ollerton, Jeff/I-3946-2012 OI Ollerton, Jeff/0000-0002-0887-8235 NR 59 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 13 U2 112 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2008 VL 117 IS 12 BP 1796 EP 1807 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16987.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 385DM UT WOS:000261793300006 ER PT J AU Houlahan, JE Cottenie, K Cumming, GS Currie, DJ Findlay, CS Gaedke, U Legendre, P Magnuson, JJ McArdle, BH Stevens, RD Woiwod, IP Wondzell, SM AF Houlahan, J. E. Cottenie, K. Cumming, G. S. Currie, D. J. Findlay, C. S. Gaedke, U. Legendre, P. Magnuson, J. J. McArdle, B. H. Stevens, R. D. Woiwod, I. P. Wondzell, S. M. TI The utility of covariances: a response to Ranta et al SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS C1 [Houlahan, J. E.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Cottenie, K.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Cumming, G. S.] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Currie, D. J.; Findlay, C. S.] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Gaedke, U.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, DE-14415 Potsdam, Germany. [Legendre, P.] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Magnuson, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McArdle, B. H.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Stevens, R. D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Woiwod, I. P.] Rothamsted Res, Plant & Invertebrate Ecol Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Wondzell, S. M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Houlahan, JE (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, POB 5050, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. EM jeffhoul@unbsj.ca RI Cumming, Graeme/B-6551-2008; OI Cumming, Graeme/0000-0002-3678-1326; Currie, David J./0000-0002-4906-2363; Cottenie, Karl/0000-0001-9498-8483 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2008 VL 117 IS 12 BP 1912 EP 1913 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17078.x PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 385DM UT WOS:000261793300019 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, B Lovera, D Nuss, H Wise, C Ning, B Teitel, C Clark, BS Toennessen, T Green, B Bogle, ML Kaput, J AF McCabe-Sellers, Beverly Lovera, Dalia Nuss, Henry Wise, Carolyn Ning, Baitang Teitel, Candee Clark, Beatrice Shelby Toennessen, Terri Green, Bridgett Bogle, Margaret L. Kaput, Jim TI Personalizing Nutrigenomics Research through Community Based Participatory Research and Omics Technologies SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA; INTERNATIONAL HAPMAP PROJECT; DIETARY-INTAKE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FOOD INSECURITY; HEALTH; NUTRITION; POPULATION; MEDICINE; GENOME AB Personal and public health information are often obtained from studies of large population groups. Risk factors for nutrients, toxins, genetic variation, and more recently, nutrient-gene interactions are statistical estimates of the percentage reduction in disease in the population if the risk were to be avoided or the gene variant were not present. Because individuals differ in genetic makeup, lifestyle, and dietary patterns than those individuals in the study population, these risk factors are valuable guidelines, but may not apply to individuals. Intervention studies are likewise limited by small sample sizes, short time frames to assess physiological changes, and variable experimental designs that often preclude comparative or consensus analyses. A fundamental challenge for nutrigenomics will be to develop a means to sort individuals into metabolic groups, and eventually, develop risk factors for individuals. To reach the goal of personalizing medicine and nutrition, new experimental strategies are needed for human study designs. A promising approach for more complete analyses of the interaction of genetic makeups and environment relies on community-based participatory research (CBPR) methodologies. CBPR's central focus is developing a partnership among researchers and individuals in a community that allows for more in depth lifestyle analyses but also translational research that simultaneously helps improve the health of individuals and communities. The USDA-ARS Delta Nutrition Intervention Research program exemplifies CBPR providing a foundation for expanded personalized nutrition and medicine research for communities and individuals. C1 [Wise, Carolyn; Ning, Baitang; Teitel, Candee; Toennessen, Terri; Green, Bridgett; Kaput, Jim] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly; Lovera, Dalia; Nuss, Henry; Bogle, Margaret L.] USDA ARS, Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Clark, Beatrice Shelby] Boys Girls & Adults Community Dev Center, Marvell, AR 72366 USA. RP Kaput, J (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM James.Kaput@fda.hhs.gov FU USDA; ARS [6251-53000-004-00D]; FDA National Center for Toxicological Research; Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine FX We are indebted to members of the Lower Delta Mississippi communities who collaborate with us. This research is supported in part by USDA, ARS# 6251-53000-004-00D, and the FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine. This manuscript was written by Jim Kaput, Beverly McCabe-Sellers, Margaret Bogle, and edited by Carolyn Wise and Dalia Lovera. Henry Nuss, Candee Teitel, Bridgett Green, Baitang Ning, Terri Toennessen, and Beatrice Clark Shelby contributed to discussions on implementation and conducting biomedical research projects through CBPR activities. This work includes contributions from, and was reviewed by, the FDA. This work has been approved for publication by this agency but it does not necessarily reflect official agency policy. NR 92 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1089/omi.2008.0041 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 384KU UT WOS:000261744500006 PM 19040372 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Braun, U Groenewald, JZ Crous, PW AF Dugan, F. M. Braun, U. Groenewald, J. Z. Crous, P. W. TI Morphological plasticity in Cladosporium sphaerospermum SO PERSOONIA LA English DT Article DE actin; Cladosporium; Davidiella; EF-1 alpha; ITS; morphology; wood-inhabiting ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENERGY-SOURCE; SOLE CARBON AB A morphologically distinct isolate of Cladosporium sphaerospermum from a North American patent collection, referenced as Cladosporium lignicola in the patent, was examined. Generic affinity was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic examination of conidiogenous loci and conidial hila. Species identity as C. sphaerospermum was indicated by DNA sequence data derived from actin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes, and the internal transcribed spacer region. The isolate broadens the morphological limits of C. sphaerospermam by production of obclavate, occasionally transversely septate conidia with subrostrate conidiogenous apices ('alternarioid' con id a), and by production of conidia larger than those in prior standard descriptions. Type material of C. lignicola was re-examined and compared with the North American fungus, from which it is morphologically distinct. The decision to reduce C. lignicola to synonymy under C. herbarum was confirmed. C1 [Dugan, F. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Germplasm Testing & Res S, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Braun, U.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol Geobot & Bot Garten, Herbarium, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Groenewald, J. Z.; Crous, P. W.] CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Germplasm Testing & Res S, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM fdugan@wsu.edu RI Groenewald, Johannes/F-4667-2011; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU RIJKSHERBARIUM PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9514, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-5850 J9 PERSOONIA JI Persoonia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.3767/003158508X334389 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 393SD UT WOS:000262392300003 PM 20396574 ER PT J AU Modolo, JR Stachissini, AVM Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Langoni, H Padovani, CR Barrozo, LV Leite, BLS AF Modolo, Jose R. Stachissini, Anee V. M. Gennari, Solange M. Dubey, Jitender P. Langoni, Helio Padovani, Carlos R. Barrozo, Ligia V. Leite, Barbara L. S. TI Frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in sera of goats of the State Sao Paulo and its relationship with flock management SO PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Neospora caninum; occurrence; goats; dogs; epidemiological variables; reproductive problems; geographic distribution ID SIMULTANEOUS CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; INFECTION; ABORTIONS AB In order to assess the frequency of dairy goats seropositive for Neospora caninum in the state of Sao Paulo, and its relationship with age, sex, presence of dogs and reproductive problems in goat pens, serum samples were obtained from 923 goats of both sexes older than 3 months of age. Samples were collected in 17 properties located in different municipalities. Neospora agglutination test (NATe"25) was used to determine the presence of Neospora caninum in all animals. Epidemiological and reproductive data were obtained through a questionnaire which was administered in all goat pens. Significance level was set at 5% for all statistical tests. N. caninum positivity rate was 19.77%. Only one of the properties had no seropositive animal revealing N. caninum diffusion in the state. Seropositivity frequency did not correlate with sex, age, or reproductive problems. However, the presence of dogs was associated with a higher frequency of N. caninum seropositivity. A choroplethic map with hatch patterns showing the geographical distribution of goats seropositive for Neospora caninum may considerably contribute to geographic epidemiological studies and the development of disease control strategies. C1 [Modolo, Jose R.; Stachissini, Anee V. M.; Langoni, Helio; Leite, Barbara L. S.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Gennari, Solange M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dubey, Jitender P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Padovani, Carlos R.; Barrozo, Ligia V.] UNESP, Inst Biociencias, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Modolo, JR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Cx Postal 524, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br RI Langoni, Helio/D-2376-2010; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Padovani, Carlos Roberto/A-3656-2013; Barrozo, Ligia/C-5185-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Padovani, Carlos Roberto/0000-0002-7719-9682; Barrozo, Ligia/0000-0001-7322-6789 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU REVISTA PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA PI RIO JANEIRO PA EMBRAPA-SAUDE ANIMAL, KM47 SEROPEDICA, 23851-970 RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SN 0100-736X EI 1678-5150 J9 PESQUI VET BRASIL JI Pesqui. Vet. Bras. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 12 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 419EL UT WOS:000264201800006 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT AF Kroeger, Robert Moore, Matt T. TI Utilization of common ditch vegetation in the reduction of fipronil and its sulfone metabolite SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fipronil; vegetation; mitigation; wetland; mesocosm ID HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY; AMPHIASCUS-TENUIREMIS; INSECTICIDE FIPRONIL; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; ATRAZINE; SOILS AB BACKGROUND: Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, and its oxidative sulfone metabolite are two potential pollutants from treated rice and cotton production. A consequence of these pollutants occurring in surface runoff is degradation of downstream aquatic ecosystems. Utilization of primary intercept drainage ditches as management practices to reduce fipronil concentrations and loads has not been examined. This study used ditch mesocosms planted with monospecific stands of common emergent wetland vegetation to determine if certain plant species were more proficient in fipronil mitigation. RESULTS: Three replicates of four plant species were compared against a non-vegetated control to determine differences in water column outflow concentrations (mu g L(-1)) and loads (mu g). There were no significant differences between vegetated and control treatments in outflow concentrations (F = 0.35, P = 0.836) and loads (F = 0.35, P = 0.836). The range of fipronil reduction was 28-45% for both concentration and load. Unlike fipronil, fipronil sulfone concentrations and load increased by 96-328%. CONCLUSION: The increase in fipronil sulfone was hypothesized as a direct consequence of oxidation of fipronil within each mesocosm. The type of ditch vegetation had no effect on fipronil reduction. Future research needs to examine initial concentrations and hydraulic retention times to examine potential changes in reduction capacities. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Kroeger, Robert] Univ Mississippi, Field Stn, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. [Moore, Matt T.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), POB 1263, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kroger@olemiss.edu FU NRCS Plant Materials Center, Coffeville, MS; University of Mississippi Field Station, Abbeville, MS FX Thanks go to Lisa Brooks, Rani Menon, Clint Helms and Ben McNeely for sample collection and preparation. Plant specimens were gratefully harvested from the NRCS Plant Materials Center, Coffeville, MS, and from the University of Mississippi Field Station, Abbeville, MS. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1212 EP 1217 DI 10.1002/ps.1619 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 377BP UT WOS:000261227000002 PM 18561151 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Chen, J Zhu, YC Ma, CY Huang, Y Shen, JL AF Wang, Yanhua Chen, Jin Zhu, Yu Cheng Ma, Chongyong Huang, Yue Shen, Jinliang TI Susceptibility to neonicotinoids and risk of resistance development in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St(a)over-circlel) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nilaparvata lugens; susceptibility; neonicotinoid; buprofezin; fipronil ID IMIDACLOPRID RESISTANCE; TAIWAN; INSECTICIDES; PESTS; STAL AB BACKGROUND: In recent years, outbreaks of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), have occurred more frequently in China. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of N. lugens to neonicotinoids and other insecticides in major rice production areas in China. RESULTS: Results indicated that substantial variations in the susceptibility to different insecticides existed in N. lugens. Field populations had developed variable resistance levels to neonicotinoids, with a high resistance level to imidacloprid (RR: 135.3-301.3-fold), a medium resistance level to imidaclothiz (RR: 35-41.2-fold), a low resistance level to thiamethoxam (up to 9.9-fold) and no resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiacloprid (RR < 3-fold). Further examinations indicated that a field population had developed medium resistance level to fipronil (up to 10.5-fold), and some field populations had evolved a low resistance level to buprofezin. In addition, N. lugens had been able to develop 1424-fold resistance to imidacloprid in the laboratory after the insect was selected with imidacloprid for 26 generations. CONCLUSION: Long-term use of imidacloprid in a wide range of rice-growing areas might be associated with high levels of resistance in N. lugens. Therefore, insecticide resistance management strategies must be developed to prevent further increase in resistance. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wang, Yanhua; Chen, Jin; Ma, Chongyong; Huang, Yue; Shen, Jinliang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insec, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yanhua] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov; jlshen@njau.edu.cn FU Ministry of Agriculture in China FX The authors are grateful to Dr Xinzhi Ni (USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA), Dr Xuming Liu (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS), Dr Yigen Chen (University of Georgia, Tifton, GA) and Sandy West (USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS) for valuable suggestions and critical review of the early version of the manuscript. The study was partially supported by the Research Project of the Ministry of Agriculture in China for Replacing High-toxicity Pesticides. NR 33 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1278 EP 1284 DI 10.1002/ps.1629 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 377BP UT WOS:000261227000010 PM 18680157 ER PT J AU Guedes, RNC Campbell, JF Arthur, FH Opit, GP Zhu, KY Throne, JE AF Guedes, Raul Narciso C. Campbell, James F. Arthur, Frank H. Opit, George P. Zhu, Kun Yan Throne, James E. TI Acute lethal and behavioral sublethal responses of two stored-product psocids to surface insecticides SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Psocoptera; differential selectivity; mobility; repellence; beta-cyfluthrin; chlorfenapyr; pyrethrins ID STRUCTURAL TREATMENTS; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; SPECIES PSOCOPTERA; RESIDUAL EFFICACY; LIPOSCELIDIDAE; GRAIN; CONCRETE; CYFLUTHRIN; COLEOPTERA; AUSTRALIA AB BACKGROUND: The psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae) are emerging pests of stored products. Although their behavior, particularly their high mobility, may contribute to the reported relatively low efficacy of insecticides against them, studies to investigate this have not been conducted. The present study aimed to assess the label rate efficacy of three commercial insecticides (P-cyfluthrin, chlorfenapyr and pyrethrins) applied on concrete surfaces against L. bostrychophila and L. entomophila, and also their sublethal effect on the mobility of these species. RESULTS: The synthetic insecticides beta-cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr showed high short-term efficacy (LT(95) <= 15 h) against both psocid species, unlike the natural pyrethrins (LT(95) >= 4 days). Liposcelis bostrychophila was slightly more tolerant (>= 1.2x) than L. entomophila to all three insecticides. Behavioral assays with fully sprayed and half-sprayed concrete arenas indicated that the insecticides reduced the mobility of both species. Pyrethrins seem to elicit weak repellence in L. bostrychophila. CONCLUSION: beta-Cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr were effective against both psocid species, but not pyrethrins. The mobility of both species does not seem to play a major role in the differential selectivity observed, but the lower mobility of L. bostrychophila may be a contributing factor to its higher insecticide tolerance. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Guedes, Raul Narciso C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Guedes, Raul Narciso C.; Campbell, James F.; Arthur, Frank H.; Opit, George P.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Opit, George P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Zhu, Kun Yan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Guedes, RNC (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM guedes@ufv.br RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU BASF Chemical Corp Research Triangle Park, NC; Bayer CropScience Kansas City, MO; MGK Co Minneapolis, MN; Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); USDA-GMPRC; KSU Entomology Department; Federal University of Vicosa; Kansas State University; Oklahoma State University or the US Department of Agriculture; Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station [08-315-j] FX The authors thank BASF Chemical Corp. (Research Triangle Park, NC), Bayer CropScience (Kansas City, MO) and MGK Co. (Minneapolis, MN) for providing the insecticides used in the study. Appreciation is also expressed to the Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), USDA-GMPRC and the KSU Entomology Department for the financial and structural support provided for the present study. The comments and suggestions provided by Drs PJ Collins and JP Santos in an early draft of the manuscript were also greatly appreciated. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Federal University of Vicosa, Kansas State University, Oklahoma State University or the US Department of Agriculture. This manuscript is contribution No. 08-315-j from the Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1314 EP 1322 DI 10.1002/ps.1634 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 377BP UT WOS:000261227000014 PM 18683906 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, J. A. TI Acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll fluorescence; mesophyll conductance to CO(2); photosynthetic electron transport; species differences; triose phosphate utilization ratio ID CONTRASTING GROWTH TEMPERATURES; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; BIOCHEMICALLY BASED MODEL; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; INTERNAL CONDUCTANCE; SPINACH LEAVES; CO2 DIFFUSION; IN-VIVO; DEPENDENCE; C-3 AB Plants differ in how much the response of net photosynthetic rate ( P(N)) to temperature ( T) changes with the T during leaf development, and also in the biochemical basis of such changes in response. The amount of photosynthetic acclimation to T and the components of the photosynthetic system involved were compared in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea to determine how well A. thaliana might serve as a model organism to study the process of photosynthetic acclimation to T. Responses of single-leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to CO(2) concentration measured over the range of 10-35 degrees C for both species grown at 15, 21, and 27 degrees C were used to determine the T dependencies of maximum rates of carboxylation ( V(Cmax)), photosynthetic electron transport ( J(max)), triose phosphate utilization rate ( TPU), and mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide ( g'(m)). In A. thaliana, the optimum T of P(N) at air concentrations of CO(2) was unaffected by this range of growth T, and the T dependencies of V(Cmax), J(max), and g'(m) were also unaffected by growth T. There was no evidence of TPU limitation of PN in this species over the range of measurement conditions. In contrast, the optimum T of P(N) increased with growth T in B. oleracea, and the T dependencies of V(Cmax), J(max), and g'(m), as well as the T at which TPU limited P(N) all varied significantly with growth T. Thus B. oleracea had much a larger capacity to acclimate photosynthetically to moderate T than did A. thaliana. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, B-001,BARC W 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s11099-008-0088-7 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 382BF UT WOS:000261579100006 ER PT J AU Tremblay, A Li, SX Scheffler, BE Matthews, BF AF Tremblay, Arianne Li, Shuxian Scheffler, Brian E. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI Laser capture microdissection and expressed sequence tag analysis of uredinia formed by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian soybean rust; Unisequence; Pathogen; Plant; Glycine max; Gene expression ID GENE-EXPRESSION; AVIRULENCE GENE; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; PHOSPHOLIPASE-B; PROTEIN-KINASE; GLYCINE-MAX; PLANT-CELLS; PATHOGEN AB Soybean is one of the top five agricultural products in the United States. Soybean rust is caused by the obligate fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, an exotic pathogen in the U. S. Extensive screening of soybean germplasm has not identified soybean with resistance to all of the different isolates of Asian soybean rust. A biotechnological approach may help to broaden resistance of soybean to this fungus. Using laser capture microdissection, we isolated uredinia formed by P. pachyrhizi on the under side of leaves, extracted the RNA and constructed a cDNA library. A total of 925 cDNAs were sequenced from the library, contigs were formed, and homology searches were conducted to determine the identity of the genes. Forty-one unisequences with significant similarities (e-value <= 10(-5)) to sequences deposited in the NCBI non-redundant protein databases were identified. Sixteen had similarities to known genes encoding proteins involved in different cellular functions such as energy production, cellular communication/signal transduction, and transcription; twenty-four represented genes encoding hypothetical proteins or proteins with unknown function. Ten unisequences of unknown protein function included conserved domains from InterPro databases. Of the 41 unisequences, 61% were similar to fungal sequences. RT-PCR was used to explore the expression pattern of seventeen rust genes, revealing some targeted for additional study of control of P. pachyrhizi in soybean. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tremblay, Arianne; Matthews, Benjamin F.] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Shuxian] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Tremblay, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arianne.tremblay@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU United Soybean Board [7258]; United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors greatly appreciate the continued support provided by the United Soybean Board under grant 7258. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing speci. c information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. The authors greatly appreciate careful reading and critical comments of the manuscript provided by Dr. LeslieWanner, United States Department of Agriculture and editing of the manuscript provided by Dr. Andrea Skantar, United States Department of Agriculture. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2009.06.001 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 503XJ UT WOS:000270575000008 ER PT J AU Wenninger, EJ Hall, DG AF Wenninger, Erik J. Hall, David G. TI Importance of multiple mating to female reproductive output in Diaphorina citri SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; citrus greening disease; fecundity; huanglongbing; polyandry; reproductive biology ID EGG-PRODUCTION; PSYLLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; INSECTS; BIOLOGY; DISEASE; FLORIDA; AGE AB The importance of multiple mating to female reproductive output in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is evaluated by grouping individual females with one or three males for 24 h (short duration) or 2 weeks (long duration) and examining oviposition over 18-19 days. For the short-duration treatments, females lay more eggs per day when grouped with multiple males, whereas females in the long-duration treatments lay more eggs when paired with one male. When held for 24 h with one or three males, females show a decline in fecundity beginning 10 and 15 days after mating, respectively. Total fecundity is relatively high for females paired with one male for 2 weeks, but fecundity is low and mortality high when females are held with three males for 2 weeks. In treatments in which females are held with males for 2 weeks, oviposition increases dramatically in the days after removal of males. For females paired with a male for 24 h and re-paired for 24 h, 9 days later, fecundity remains high throughout the 18-19-day observation period. Egg fertility does not differ among treatments, but varies over time in a manner that is similar among treatments. The present study demonstrates that, in D. citri, females require multiple matings over time to achieve high reproductive output, but oviposition is constrained by the presence of males. C1 [Wenninger, Erik J.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Wenninger, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM erik.wenninger@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2008.00633.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 375HV UT WOS:000261105700005 ER PT J AU Liu, JG Stipanovic, RD Bell, AA Puckhaber, LS Magill, CW AF Liu, Jinggao Stipanovic, Robert D. Bell, Alois A. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Magill, Clint W. TI Stereoselective coupling of hemigossypol to form (+)-gossypol in moco cotton is mediated by a dirigent protein SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dirigent protein; Moco cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; Malvaceae; (+)-Gossypol; Gossypol biosynthesis; Hemigossypol; Oxidative coupling; Peroxidase; Stereoselectivity ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; (-)-GOSSYPOL; BIOSYNTHESIS; TISSUES; LIGNAN; PLANT AB The terpenoid gossypol, a secondary metabolite found in the cotton plant, is synthesized by a free radical dimerization of hemigossypol. Gossypol exists as an atropisomeric mixture because of restricted rotation around the central binaphthyl bond. The dimerization of hemigossypol is regiospecific in cotton. In the case of some moco cotton, the dimerization also exhibits a high level of stereoselectivity. The mechanism that controls this stereoselective dimerization is poorly understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that a dirigent protein controls this stereoselective dimerization process. A partially purified protein preparation from cotton flower petals, which by itself is unable to convert hemigossypol to gossypol, converts hemigossypol with a 30% atropisomeric excess into (+)-gossypol when combined with an exogenous laccase, which by itself produces racemic gossypol. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, Jinggao; Stipanovic, Robert D.; Bell, Alois A.; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Magill, Clint W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Liu, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jinggao.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 18 SI SI BP 3038 EP 3042 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.007 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 391DJ UT WOS:000262213200008 PM 18639908 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, J. B. TI Serotomide and safflomide modulate forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation via 5-HT1 receptor SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Serotomide; Safflomide; Coffee; 5-HT1 receptor; cAMP; Renal epithelial (OK) cells; Forskolin ID INDOLE ALKALOIDS; L.; MICE; INHIBITION; EXTRACT; SEEDS; DERIVATIVES; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Serotomide (trans-N-caffeoylserotonin) and safflomide (trans-N-caffeoyltryptamine) belong to serotonin-derived phenylpropenoid amides found in plants. In this paper, serotomide and safflomide were investigated to determine their effects on serotonin receptor 5-HT1 in the renal epithelial (OK) cells, due to their structural similarity to 5-HT1 receptor ligands. At the concentration of 10 mu M, serotomide was able to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in the OK cells by 31% (p<0.019). The inhibition was repressed by Nan-190 and spiperone (5-HT1 antagonists), suggesting that serotomide suppresses cAMP formation via binding to 5-HT1 receptors in the OK cells. Meanwhile, safflomide could not inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation at the same concentration (10 mu M). but repress the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP by scrotonin agonists (e.g., scrotonin and 8-OH-DPAT) by 31% (p<0.018), suggesting that safflomide may block 5-HT1 receptors in a similar way to Nan-190 and spiperone. All together the data indicate that serotomide and safflomide may be potent compounds that respectively act to activate and to block 5-HT1 receptors on OK cells. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Bldg 307C,Rm 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.04.009 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 386VF UT WOS:000261910000010 PM 18524559 ER PT J AU Jurjevic, Z Rains, GC Wilson, DM Lewis, WJ AF Jurjevic, Zeljko Rains, Glen C. Wilson, David M. Lewis, W. Joe. TI Volatile metabolites associated with one aflatoxigenic and one nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain grown on two different substrates SO PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA LA English DT Article DE mycotoxins; fungi; corn; peanut; MVOCs ID FUNGAL VOLATILES; GRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; INDICATORS; SPOILAGE; STORAGE; UNIQUE; MOLDS; WHEAT; CORN AB Aflatoxigenic and non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains were grown on corn and on peanut substrates. Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) were collected by trapping headspace volatiles using thermal desorption tubes (TDT) packed with Tenax (R) TA and Carbotrap (TM) B. Samples were collected at various fungal growth stages. Trapped compounds were thermally desorbed from the adsorbent tubes, separated by gas chromatography, and identified by mass spectrometry. The fungal stage did not have many differences in the MVOCs but the concentrations of some volatiles changed over time depending on the substrate. Volatiles that were associated with both the aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain and the nontoxigenic strain on both substrates included: ethanol, 1-propanol, butanal, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methylfuran, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, propanoic acid-2-methyl-ethyl-ester, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, benzaldehyde, 3-octarione, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and octane. Volatiles that were associated only with the aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain included: dimethyl disulfide and nonanal. Volatiles that were associated only with the nontoxigenic A. flavus strain included: hexanal, 1-hexanol, 1-octene-3-ol, 1-octen-3-one and 2-pentyl furan. C1 [Jurjevic, Zeljko; Rains, Glen C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Wilson, David M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lewis, W. Joe.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Jurjevic, Z (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM zjurjevic@emsl.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MEDITERRANEAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL UNION PI FLORENCE PA C/O DIPARTIMENTO DI BIOTECNOLOGIE AGRARIE, P LE DELLE CASCINE 28, FLORENCE, 50144, ITALY SN 0031-9465 J9 PHYTOPATHOL MEDITERR JI Phytopathol. Mediterr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 411NO UT WOS:000263656500009 ER PT J AU Thowthampitak, J Shaffer, BT Prathuangwong, S Loper, JE AF Thowthampitak, J. Shaffer, B. T. Prathuangwong, S. Loper, J. E. TI Role of rpfF in Virulence and Exoenzyme Production of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Pustule of Soybean SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HD-GYP DOMAIN; PLANT-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; CELL COMMUNICATION; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; BIOFILM FORMATION; CAMPESTRIS; MUTANTS; SIGNAL; GENES AB Ten strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, the causal agent of bacterial pustule of soybean, which were isolated from various soybean growing regions of Thailand, produced an extracellular diffusible factor (DSF) related to a well-characterized quorum sensing molecule produced by other Xanthomonas spp. Genomic DNA of the 10 strains of X. axonopodis pv. glycines contained rpfF, a gene encoding for the biosynthesis of the DSF in X. campestris pv. campestris. The rpfF gene from one strain of X. axonopodis pv. glycines was fully sequenced, and the 289 aa product is closely related to RpfF of other Xanthomonas spp. (95 to 98% identical). Three independently generated rpfF mutants of X. axonopodis pv. glycines strain No12-2 were defective in the production of a DSF, as expected if rpfF encodes for DSF biosynthesis in X. axonopodis pv. glycines. The rpfF mutants of X. axonopodis pv. glycines exhibited reduced virulence on soybean and produced less than wild-type levels of extracellular polysaccharide and the extracellular enzymes carboxylmethylcellulase, protease, endo-beta-1,4-mannanase, and pectate lyase. Transcripts for three genes that encode for the extracellular enzymes protease. endoglucanase, and pectate lyase were at lower abundance in an rpfF mutant than in the parental strain of X. axonopodis pv. glycines. These results indicate that X. axonopodis pv. glycines produces a diffusible signal related to the DSF of X. campestris pv. campestris, which contributes to virulence and exoenzyme production by this phytopathogenic bacterium. C1 [Thowthampitak, J.; Prathuangwong, S.] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Shaffer, B. T.; Loper, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Prathuangwong, S (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. EM agrsdp@ku.ac.th OI Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 FU Thailand Research Fund FX We thank S. Lindow for providing the DSF biosensor, K. Hockett for constructing the rpfF mutants of X. axonopodis pv. glycines, V. Stockwell for assistance in statistical analysis of the virulence data, M. Henkels and C. Baker for preparing the figures, and the Center for Genomic Research and Biocomputing Core Laboratories, Oregon State University for sequencing and bioanalyzer services. This research was supported by a fellowship to J. Thowtharnpitak from the Royal Golden Jubilee program of the Thailand Research Fund. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1252 EP 1260 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-12-1252 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 407TC UT WOS:000263386200001 PM 18999999 ER PT J AU Wang, X Jia, Y Shu, QY Wu, D AF Wang, X. Jia, Y. Shu, Q. Y. Wu, D. TI Haplotype Diversity at the Pi-ta Locus in Cultivated Rice and Its Wild Relatives SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blast resistance gene; Oryza spp. ID DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; FLAX RUST RESISTANCE; MAP-BASED CLONING; BLAST RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; ORYZA-SATIVA; AVIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; PERONOSPORA-PARASITICA AB The Pi-ta gene in rice confers resistance to races of Magnaporthe oryzae that contain AVR-Pita. Pi-ta encodes a predicted cytoplasmic receptor protein with a nucleotide-binding site and a leucine-rich domain. A panel of 51 Oryza accessions or AA genome species Oryza sativa, O. glaberrima, O. rufipogon, O. nivara, and O. barthii, anti CC genome species species O. officinalis were sequenced to investigate the diversity present in the exon and intron regions of the Pi-ta gene. Two major clades were identified, consisting of 16 different sequences with numerous insertion and deletions. Only one Pi-ta resistance allele was identified despite DNA sequences revealing 16 Pi-ta variants. Most differences were identified in the intron region, and obvious Selection of any motif was not observed in the coding region of Pi-ta variants. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of seedlings revealed that all Pi-ta variants were expressed with or without pathogen inoculation. The 15 Pi-ta variants can be translated into nine proteins highly similar to the Pi-ta protein. Resistance to M. oryzae expressing AVR-Pita correlates with alanine and susceptibility correlates with serine at position 918 of Pi-ta in most accessions examined. These data confirm that a single amino acid controlling resistance Specificity underlies the evolution of resistance of Pi-ta genes in rice. C1 [Wang, X.; Jia, Y.] ARS, USDA, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Wang, X.] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Nucl Agr Sci, IAEA Collaborating Ctr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, X.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, DB NRRC, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov RI Shu, Qing-Yao/C-4859-2008 OI Shu, Qing-Yao/0000-0002-9201-0593 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service [NP301]; Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center; National Science Foundation [0638820]; Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board FX This material is based on work partially supported by NP301 "Genomic Characterization of Rice Germplasm" of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center and National Science Foundation grant no.0638820, and Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board supported project "Development of Molecular Strategies to Control Rice Blast Disease." We thank M. Lin for help with disease evaluation; K. Gubrij for designing primers and PCR amplification; K. Pratt and R. Clemons for excellent technical support; W. Yan, H. Rockleman, D. Gealy, and H. Black for providing red rice biotypes; F. N. Lee for helpful discussions on disease evaluations; S. McCouch, K. Olsen, A. Caicedo, S. Brooks, and S. Lee for their critical reviews; M. H. Jia for the verification of rice accessions using SSR marker analysis and proofreading of the manuscript; and Asia Rice Travel Grant Foundation, U.S.A. for supporting X. Wang's partial traveling expenses. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1305 EP 1311 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-12-1305 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 407TC UT WOS:000263386200007 PM 19000005 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Cortez, AA Anchieta, AG Gulati-Sakhuja, A Hladky, LL AF Wintermantel, William M. Cortez, Arturo A. Anchieta, Amy G. Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju Hladky, Laura L. TI Co-Infection by Two Criniviruses Alters Accumulation of Each Virus in a Host-Specific Manner and Influences Efficiency of Virus Transmission SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMATO-CHLOROSIS-VIRUS; PALLIDOSIS-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; YELLOWS-VIRUS; STRAWBERRY; DISEASE; CLOSTEROVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME AB Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), family Closteroviridae, genus Crinivirus, cause interveinal chlorosis. leaf brittleness, and limited necrotic flecking or bronzing oil tomato leaves. Both viruses cause a decline in plant vi-or and reduce fruit yield, and are emerging as serious production problems for field and greenhouse tomato growers in many parts of the world. The viruses have g been found together in tomato, indicating that infection by one Crinivirus sp. does not prevent infection by a second. Transmission efficiency and virus persistence in the vector varies significantly among the four different whitefly vectors of ToCV: Bemisia tabaci biotypes A and B, Trialeurodes abutilonea, and T vaporariorum. Only T. vaporariorum can transmit TICV. In order to elucidate the effects of co-infection on Crinivirus sp. accumulation and transmission efficiency, we established Physcalis wrightii and Nicotiana benthamiana source plants, containing either TICV or ToCV alone or both Viruses together. Vectors were allowed to feed separately on all virus Sources, as well as virus-free plants, then were transferred to Young plants of both host species. Plants were tested by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and results indicated host-specific differences in accumulation by TICV and ToCV and alteration of accumulation patterns during coinfection compared with single infection. In N. benthamiana, TICV titers increased during co-infection compared with levels in single infection, while ToCV titers decreased. However, in P. wrightii, titers of both TICV and ToCV decreased during mixed infection compared with single infection, although to different degrees. Vector transmission efficiency of both viruses corresponded with virus concentration in the host in both single and mixed infections. This illustrates that Crinivirus epidemiology is impacted not only by vector transmission specificity and incidence of hosts but also by interactions between viruses and efficiency of accumulation in host plants. C1 [Wintermantel, William M.; Cortez, Arturo A.; Anchieta, Amy G.; Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju; Hladky, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. EM bill.wintermantel@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research [5305-22000-010-OOD] FX This project was supported using funds provided through United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project number 5305-22000-010-OOD and the California Tomato Commission. We thank I. E. Tzanetakis and R. C. Larsen for critical review of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1340 EP 1345 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-12-1340 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 407TC UT WOS:000263386200012 PM 19000010 ER PT J AU Resendes, ML Bryla, DR Eissenstat, DM AF Resendes, Maryann L. Bryla, David R. Eissenstat, David M. TI Early events in the life of apple roots: variation in root growth rate is linked to mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungal colonization SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Fine root production; Malus domestica; Root-fungal interactions; Soil pathogens ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL; GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS; CONCORD GRAPE; SOIL; INFECTION; PLANTS; RHIZOSPHERE; RESPONSES; SURVIVORSHIP AB Early events of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungal colonization in newly-emerging roots of mature apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees were characterized to determine the relationship of these events to fine root growth rate and development. New roots were traced on root windows to measure growth and then collected and stained to quantify microscopically the presence of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungal structures. Most new roots were colonized by either mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal fungi but none less 25 days old were ever internally colonized by both. Compared to nonmycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal colonization was associated with faster growing roots and roots that grew for a longer duration, leading to longer roots. While either type of fungi was observed in roots as soon as 3 days after root emergence, intraradical colonization by mycorrhizal fungi was generally faster (peaking at 7 to 15 days) than that by nonmycorrhizal fungi and often occurred more frequently in younger roots. Only 15 to 35% of the roots had no fungal colonization by 30 days after emergence. This study provides the first detailed examination of the early daily events of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungal colonization in newly emerging roots under field conditions. We observed marked discrimination of roots between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungi and provide evidence that mycorrhizal fungi may select for faster growing roots and possibly influence the duration of root growth by non-nutritional means. C1 [Resendes, Maryann L.; Bryla, David R.; Eissenstat, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu FU The Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture; National Science Foundation [IBN-9596050, IOB 06-13832] FX We thank Sarah Bowen, Autumn Sabo, and Yadong Li for technical assistance and Tom Forge for useful suggestions on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from The Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation (IBN-9596050; IOB 06-13832). NR 51 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2008 VL 313 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9690-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 373HL UT WOS:000260961600014 ER PT J AU Rommens, CM Richael, CM Yan, H Navarre, DA Ye, JS Krucker, M Swords, K AF Rommens, Caius M. Richael, Craig M. Yan, Hua Navarre, Duroy A. Ye, Jingsong Krucker, Michele Swords, Kathy TI Engineered native pathways for high kaempferol and caffeoylquinate production in potato SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chlorogenic acid; flavonoids; flavonols; metabolic engineering; potato; transgenic plants ID ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; SUCROSE-SPECIFIC INDUCTION; CHLOROGENIC ACID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; ASCORBIC-ACID; CANCER RISK; GENE FAMILY AB Flavonols and caffeoylquinates represent important groups of phenolic antioxidants with health-promoting activities. The genetic potential of potato (Solanum tuberosum) to produce high levels of these dietary compounds has not been realized in currently available commodity varieties. In this article, it is demonstrated that tuber-specific expression of the native and slightly modified MYB transcription factor gene StMtf1(M) activates the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Compared with untransformed controls, transgenic tubers contained fourfold increased levels of caffeoylquinates, including chlorogenic acid (CGA) (1.80 mg/g dry weight), whilst also accumulating various flavonols and anthocyanins. Subsequent impairment of anthocyanin biosynthesis through silencing of the flavonoid-3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'h) gene resulted in the accumulation of kaempferol-rut (KAR) to levels that were approximately 100-fold higher than in controls (0.12 mg/g dry weight). The biochemical changes were associated with increased expression of both the CGA biosynthetic hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (Hqt) gene and the upstream chorismate mutase (Cm) and prephenate dehydratase (Pdh) genes. Field trials indicated that transgenic lines produced similar tuber yields to the original potato variety Bintje. Processed products of these lines retained most of their phenylpropanoids and were indistinguishable from untransformed controls in texture and taste. C1 [Rommens, Caius M.; Richael, Craig M.; Yan, Hua; Ye, Jingsong; Krucker, Michele; Swords, Kathy] JR Simplot Co, Simplot Plant Sci, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99359 USA. RP Rommens, CM (reprint author), JR Simplot Co, Simplot Plant Sci, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM crommens@simplot.com NR 67 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 9 BP 870 EP 886 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00362.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 374YM UT WOS:000261079600002 PM 18662373 ER PT J AU Luo, M Liu, J Lee, RD Guo, BZ AF Luo, M. Liu, J. Lee, R. D. Guo, B. Z. TI Characterization of gene expression profiles in developing kernels of maize (Zea mays) inbred Tex6 SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Aspergillus flavus; developing kernels; aflatoxin; resistance genes; gene expression ID SEED DEVELOPMENT; PROTEINS; STRESS; CORN; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTOME; ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES; PATTERNS AB Maize inbred Tex6 is resistant to several pests. The objectives of this study were to characterize gene expression profiles in Tex6 kernels and identify unique genes that expressed up- or down-ward in developing kernels in the later stages. Because of the resistance of Tex6 kernels, we reasoned that it would be an interesting candidate for microarray study. By using maize microarray, we analysed gene expression profiles in developing kernels from 25 DAP (days after pollination) to 45 DAP. A total of 8497 positive array spots were detected with unique IDs, in which 4247 genes were detected in all samples. The trends of total expressed genes were decreasing when kernels were maturing. Expression patterns of some genes in several metabolic pathways, including starch, lipid and storage proteins, were analysed. In comparison with 25 DAP, expressions of 211 gene features were significantly different at 45 DAP (P < 0.05), which will be used to produce a macroarray for germplasm assessment and evaluation. The real-time qRT-PCR was used to validate microarray study. C1 [Luo, M.; Guo, B. Z.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Luo, M.; Lee, R. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Liu, J.] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM baozhu.guo@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-6602-1-213, 58-6602-6-121]; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn FX We thank Ernest Harris and Kippy Lewis for technical assistance and Don White of University of Illinois at Urbana for providing Texa seeds. This research is supported by USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6602-1-213 and 58-6602-6-121 with the University of Georgia, and partially supported by funds provided by Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 127 IS 6 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01538.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 376UF UT WOS:000261207800005 ER PT J AU Saha, S Jenkins, JN Wu, J McCarty, JC Stelly, DM AF Saha, S. Jenkins, J. N. Wu, J. McCarty, J. C. Stelly, D. M. TI Genetic analysis of agronomic and fibre traits using four interspecific chromosome substitution lines in cotton SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE chromosome substitution lines; cotton; fibre traits; agronomic traits ID GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L.; UPLAND COTTON; QTL ANALYSIS; HIRSUTUM L.; QUALITY; INTROGRESSION; TOPCROSSES; CULTIVARS; YIELD; WHEAT AB Backcrossed chromosome substitution lines (CS-B) have been developed with a homologous pair of chromosomes or chromosome arms of Gossypium barbadense (3-79) germplasm substituted for the homologous Gossypium hirsutum(TM-1) chromosomes or chromosome segments. We report on agronomic and fibre trait performance of four backcrossed chromosome or chromosome arm substitution lines including chromosomes 01, 11sh (chromosome 11 short arm), 12 sh and 26 Lo (chromosome 26 long arm). Data for agronomic and fibre traits were collected from replicated field experiments at two different locations in 2 years, and analysed under an additive dominance genetic model. CS-B 12sh had higher, while CS-B 01 and CS-B 26Lo had lower boll weight than TM-1. The presence of significant negative additive effects for micronaire with CS-B 01 and significant positive additive effects for elongation and fibre strength with CS-B 11sh suggested the substituted chromosome arms of 3-79 in these CS-B lines were more likely carrying genes causing these effects. Results revealed that several CS-B lines had significant homozygous and heterozygous dominance effects for different agronomic and fibre traits suggesting that specific CS-B lines may be useful for improving agronomic and fibre traits in hybrid cottons. These CS-B lines also provide novel genetic resources for improving upland cotton germplasm. C1 [Saha, S.; Jenkins, J. N.; McCarty, J. C.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wu, J.] USDA ARS, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Stelly, D. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ssaha@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 FU [SC 29501] FX We appreciate the help of Drs Russell Hayes and Osman A. Gutierrez and Ms. Lillie Hendrix for assisting in the field experiments. We also thank Drs Jodi Scheffler, USDA/ARS, Stoneville, MS, and Todd Campbell, USDA/ARS, Costal Plains Soils, Water and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, for providing valuable suggestions on the manuscript. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 127 IS 6 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01532.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 376UF UT WOS:000261207800011 ER PT J AU Romano, GB Scheffler, JA AF Romano, G. B. Scheffler, J. A. TI Lowering seed gossypol content in glanded cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE cotton; glanding; gossypol ID UPLAND COTTON; TOBACCO BUDWORM; PIGMENT GLANDS; INHERITANCE; LEVEL; PLANT; RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; PERFORMANCE; BARBADENSE AB Cottonseed is a rich source of high quality protein, but its value as an animal feed is limited by gossypol, a toxic polyphenolic compound contained in glands located throughout the plant. This compound helps protect the plant from pests. Totally glandless varieties have been developed, but not adopted as these plants are left vulnerable to pests. This study describes a breeding strategy to decrease the levels of gossypol in the seed while maintaining a high enough concentration of toxin in vegetative plant parts to offer protection from pests. Preliminary studies indicated that crosses between varieties with different gland densities and distributions produced a range of glanding patterns. By selecting within the resulting progeny, we have identified F(7) generation progeny that have < 0.30% total gossypol in the seed, while still possessing glands at critical locations on the vegetative plant parts. These new lines will be a valuable source of germplasm for developing low seed gossypol varieties. Seed from these varieties would provide a new source of inexpensive protein for animal feeding rations. C1 [Romano, G. B.; Scheffler, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Scheffler, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jodi.scheffler@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 127 IS 6 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01545.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 376UF UT WOS:000261207800012 ER PT J AU Goldman, JJ AF Goldman, J. J. TI The use of ISSR markers to identify Texas bluegrass interspecific hybrids SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Poa arachnifera; PCR; DNA fingerprint ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RAPD MARKERS; AFLP; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVARS; PCR AB Seventeen ISSR primers were screened on Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera), Kentucky bluegrass (P. pratensis), Canadian bluegrass (P. compressa), Argentine bluegrass (P. ligularis), cv. 'Sherman' (P. secunda), putative Texas x Kentucky (TK) (P. arachnifera xP. pratensis) hybrids and hybrids involving Texas, Canadian, and Sherman bluegrass [(P. arachnifera x P. compressa) x (P. arachnifera xP. secunda)], to determine whether they could be used to produce robust and reproducible DNA fingerprints and identify interspecific hybrids. Nine of the 17 primers consistently produced robust fingerprints and nine 2-way primer combinations were also selected. DNA fingerprints were highly reproducible and the majority of the selected primers (16/18) amplified hybrid profiles using two putative TK full-sib hybrids. Combined with a rapid DNA extraction protocol, the ISSR technique enabled a fast and practical way to detect F(1) interspecific hybrids early in the breeding programme and could also be useful for other applications that require DNA-based markers. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Goldman, JJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM jason.goldman@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 127 IS 6 BP 644 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01526.x PG 3 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 376UF UT WOS:000261207800016 ER PT J AU Wang, HZ Boavida, LC Ron, M McCormick, S AF Wang, Huanzhong Boavida, Leonor C. Ron, Mily McCormick, Sheila TI Truncation of a Protein Disulfide Isomerase, PDIL2-1, Delays Embryo Sac Maturation and Disrupts Pollen Tube Guidance in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; OVULE DEVELOPMENT; ZEA-MAYS; IN-VITRO; GENE; FAMILY; CELL; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Pollen tubes must navigate through different female tissues to deliver sperm to the embryo sac for fertilization. Protein disulfide isomerases play important roles in the maturation of secreted or plasma membrane proteins. Here, we show that certain T-DNA insertions in Arabidopsis thaliana PDIL2-1, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), have reduced seed set, due to delays in embryo sac maturation. Reciprocal crosses indicate that these mutations acted sporophytically, and aniline blue staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that funicular and micropylar pollen tube guidance were disrupted. A PDIL2-1-yellow fluorescent protein fusion was mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and was expressed in all tissues examined. In ovules, expression in integument tissues was much higher in the micropylar region in later developmental stages, but there was no expression in embryo sacs. We show that reduced seed set occurred when another copy of full-length PDIL2-1 or when enzymatically active truncated versions were expressed, but not when an enzymatically inactive version was expressed, indicating that these T-DNA insertion lines are gain-of-function mutants. Our results suggest that these truncated versions of PDIL2-1 function in sporophytic tissues to affect ovule structure and impede embryo sac development, thereby disrupting pollen tube guidance. C1 [McCormick, Sheila] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ron, Mily/A-4619-2011; Boavida, Leonor/A-5722-2011 OI Boavida, Leonor/0000-0001-6555-0685 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program [0211742]; USDA Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00]; Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award; U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; [FI-391-2006] FX We thank David M. Ferrari for yeast strain BK203-15B (Mat a, ura3, leu2, his3, trp1, pdi:: leu2) and control constructs. We thank Roger Tsien (University of California, San Diego) for providing the tdTomato gene. The ER marker construct in the pKar6 vector was generously provided by Robert Blanvillain and Patrick Gallois (unpublished data). We thank Yan Zhang and Monica Alandete-Saez for discussions throughout the course of this work. We thank UC-Berkeley undergraduate research apprentice program students Trong Lee, John Yoon, and Kenny Chung for technical assistance and David Hantz and Julie Calfas for greenhouse care. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program Grant 0211742 and by USDA Current Research Information System 5335-21000-030-00D. M. R. was partially supported by Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award FI-391-2006 from BARD, the U. S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 9 U2 24 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3300 EP 3311 DI 10.1105/tpc.108.062919 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 400IQ UT WOS:000262861700014 PM 19050167 ER PT J AU Valdes-Lopez, O Arenas-Huertero, C Ramirez, M Girard, L Sanchez, F Vance, CP Reyes, JL Hernandez, G AF Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo Arenas-Huertero, Catalina Ramirez, Mario Girard, Lourdes Sanchez, Federico Vance, Carroll P. Reyes, Jose Luis Hernandez, Georgina TI Essential role of MYB transcription factor: PvPHR1 and microRNA: PvmiR399 in phosphorus-deficiency signalling in common bean roots SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; microRNA regulation; transcription factors ID PHOSPHATE-STARVATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT-RESPONSES; STRESS; GENE; ACQUISITION; HOMEOSTASIS; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION AB Phosphorus (P), an essential element for plants, is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth. A few transcription factor (TF) genes involved in P-starvation signalling have been characterized for Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. Crop production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important legume for human consumption, is often limited by low P in the soil. Despite its agronomic importance, nothing is known about transcriptional regulation in P-deficient bean plants. We functionally characterized the P-deficiency-induced MYB TF TC3604 (Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Common Bean Gene Index v.2.0), ortholog to AtPHR1 (PvPHR1). For its study, we applied RNAi technology in bean composite plants. PvPHR1 is a positive regulator of genes implicated in P transport, remobilization and homeostasis. Although there are no reports on the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNA) in bean, we demonstrated that PvmiR399 is an essential component of the PvPHR1 signalling pathway. The analysis of DICER-like1 (PvDCL1) silenced bean composite plants suppressed for accumulation of PvmiR399 and other miRNAs suggested that miR399 is a negative regulator of the ubiquitin E2 conjugase: PvPHO2 expression. Our results set the basis for understanding the signalling for P-starvation responses in common bean and may contribute to crop improvement. C1 [Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo; Ramirez, Mario; Girard, Lourdes; Hernandez, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Arenas-Huertero, Catalina; Sanchez, Federico; Reyes, Jose Luis] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Vance, Carroll P.] Agr Res Serv, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Ap Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@ccg.unam.mx RI Reyes, Jose/D-7331-2013; OI Reyes, Jose L./0000-0001-5129-9741 FU Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico/UNAM [IN211607]; USDA-FAS [MX161]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico [200048] FX This work was supported in part by PAPIIT grant IN211607 from Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico/UNAM, and grant USDA-FAS MX161. O.V.L. is a PhD student from Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and a recipient of a studentship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico (200048). We are grateful to Xochitl Alvarado-Affantrager (IBt-UNAM) for assistance in confocal microscopy; Victor M. Bustos (CCG-UNAM) for plant maintenance; Roger Y. Tsien (UCSD) for providing the red fluorescent protein - tdTomato - reporter gene; and Michael Dunn (CCG-UNAM) for critically reviewing the manuscript. NR 46 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1834 EP 1843 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01883.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 374YN UT WOS:000261079700010 PM 18771575 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Kosta, KL Glenn, DL Phillips, JG AF Peterson, G. L. Kosta, K. L. Glenn, D. L. Phillips, J. G. TI Utilization of Soil Solarization for Eliminating Viable Tilletia indica Teliospores from Arizona Wheat Fields SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID KARNAL BUNT; UNITED-STATES; SURVIVAL; PATHOGENS; MICROORGANISMS; PHYTOPHTHORA; POPULATIONS; FUMIGATION; MANAGEMENT; DISEASES AB Studies were conducted in Arizona to determine the efficacy of soil solarization for killing teliospores of the soilborne fungal wheat pathogen Tilletia indica. In a replicated study conducted in each of 3 years, T indica teliospores and bunted wheat kernels were buried in a Karnal bunt-infested wheat field at depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm. Replicate samples were removed from under a clear plastic solarization cover at 7-day intervals and the number of viable teliospores determined. A rapid decline in teliospore viability occurred at all treatment depths over 38 days, with efficacy comparable with methyl bromide protocols using clear plastic sheeting. Initial viability rates of 43, 71, and 82% germination were reduced to 0.1, 7.7, and 0.2% after 38 days (across all depths) in 2003, 2005, and 2006. respectively. Mean daily maximum soil temperatures at 5 and 20 cm under clear plastic in 2003, 2005, and 2006 were 67, 53 and 60 degrees C and 43, 38, and 43 degrees C, respectively. Under Current United States Department of Agriculture disease management strategies, the method may be useful for the rapid deregulation of Karnal bunt-affected fields. C1 [Peterson, G. L.; Glenn, D. L.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Kosta, K. L.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Phillips, J. G.] USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM gary.peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1604 EP 1610 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1604 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700002 ER PT J AU Nitzan, N Cummings, TF Johnson, DA Miller, JS Batchelor, DL Olsen, C Quick, RA Brown, CR AF Nitzan, Nadav Cummings, Tom F. Johnson, Dennis A. Miller, Jeff S. Batchelor, Dallas L. Olsen, Chris Quick, Richard A. Brown, Charles R. TI Resistance to Root Galling Caused by the Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea in Potato SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP SUBTERRANEA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; WALLR LAGERH; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; SEVERITY; DISEASE; RUSSET AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum) selections (clones and commercial cultivars) were examined for resistance to root galling, caused by the powdery scab pathogen Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea in seven field trials conducted between 2003 and 2007 in the states of Washington and Idaho. Four industry reference cultivars-Shepody, Russet Burbank, Russet Ranger, and Umatilla Russet-were used as susceptible standards. Every year, selections less susceptible than the standards were considered resistant and progressed to the next season. Selections that did not demonstrate resistance in at least two consecutive trials were discarded. Eight potato selections were more resistant to root galling than the susceptible standards in two or more trials: PA98NM38-1 was more resistant than the susceptible standards in 5 of 5 trials, PO94A009-10 in 4 of 5 trials, PA95B2-4 and PA98N5-2 in 3 of 5 trials, POR00HG5-1 in 2 of 5 trials. PO94A009-7 in 3 of 4 trials, PO94A012-2 in 2 of 3 trials, and Summit Russet in 2 of 2 trials. POR00HG5-1 has Solanum hougasii in its ancestry, while the other selections have the Mexican wild species Solanum bulbocastanum and the commercial cultivar Summit Russet appearing in their ancestry. Summit Russet is the most plausible source of resistance. C1 [Nitzan, Nadav; Quick, Richard A.; Brown, Charles R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Cummings, Tom F.; Johnson, Dennis A.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Miller, Jeff S.] Miller Res LLC, Rupert, ID 83350 USA. [Olsen, Chris] LJ Olsen Inc, Othello, WA 99344 USA. [Batchelor, Dallas L.] Weather Or Not, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1643 EP 1649 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1643 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700007 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Wintermantel, WM Bledsoe, M AF Ling, Kai-Shu Wintermantel, William M. Bledsoe, Michael TI Genetic Composition of Pepino mosaic virus Population in North American Greenhouse Tomatoes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Potexvirus; Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum muricatum ID GENOMIC RNA; SEED TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE; ISOLATE; RESISTANCE; DISTINCT; PROTEIN; PEPMV; PERU AB In just a few short years, pepino mosaic disease has quickly become endemic in greenhouse tomatoes around the world. Although three genotypes of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) were identified in the United States, genetic composition of PepMV in greenhouse tomato crops in North America has not been determined. In this study, genetic variability and population structure of PepMV were evaluated through nucleotide sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of two genomic regions (helicase domain and TGB2-3) derived from 91 cDNA clones that were derived from 31 field-collected samples. These samples were collected from several major greenhouse tomato facilities in five states in the United States and two provinces in Canada. All four major genotypes of PepMV (EU, US1, US2, and CH2) were found in North America. Three distinct genotypes (EU, US 1, and US2) were found in mixed infection in samples collected from Arizona and Colorado, two genotypes (EU and CH2) in Texas, and a single genotype (EU) in Alabama and California and the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario in Canada. The complexity of population genetics of PepMV in the United States poses an additional challenge to the greenhouse tomato industry because a tomato cultivar with durable resistance to multiple genotypes of PepMV may be harder to develop. C1 [Ling, Kai-Shu] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Wintermantel, William M.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1683 EP 1688 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1683 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700013 ER PT J AU Ling, KS AF Ling, Kai-Shu TI Pepino mosaic virus on Tomato Seed: Virus Location and Mechanical Transmission SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE indicator plant; potexvirus; seed health assay ID GENOMIC RNA; ISOLATE; SEQUENCE; DISTINCT; PROTEIN; ELISA; PERU; SIZE AB In just a few years, Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has become a major threat to greenhouse tomato production around the world. Although tomato seed is suspected to spread the disease, its importance as an initial virus inoculum for PepMV has not been established. To determine the potential for seed transmission, a tomato seed lot highly contaminated with PepMV was used for large-scale seedling grow-out tests. None of 10,000 grow-out seedlings was infected as determined by symptom expression, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or infectivity assay on Nicotiana benthamiana. Even though PepMV was not seed transmitted oil tomato, the virus was effectively transmitted to tomato and N. benthamiana seedlings through mechanical transmission with seed extract. To examine the exact location where PepMV particles accumulated on the tomato seed, seed coats and embryos were carefully isolated and tested separately by ELISA, real-time RT-PCR, and bioassay on N. benthamiana. PepMV was detected in the seed coat fraction in both immature and mature tomato seeds, but not in the embryo. However, in N. benthamiana, the virus was neither seedborne nor seed-transmitted, Because PepMV is seedborne in tomato, efficient mechanical transmission of PepMV from the virus-contaminated tomato seed to seedlings could initiate a disease epidemic in a new tomato growing area. Thus, it is important to plant certified tomato seed that has been tested free of PepMV. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1701 EP 1705 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1701 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700016 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE AF Martin, R. R. Tzanetakis, I. E. TI First Report of Rosa multiflora cryptic virus in Rosa multiflora in the Eastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; GENOME CHARACTERIZATION C1 [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Tzanetakis, I. E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1706 EP 1706 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1706B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700018 ER PT J AU Carris, LM Castlebury, LA Zale, J AF Carris, L. M. Castlebury, L. A. Zale, J. TI First Report of Tilletia pulcherrima Bunt on Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in Texas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Carris, L. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Castlebury, L. A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zale, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Carris, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1707 EP 1707 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1707C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700022 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ Lartey, RT AF Caesar, A. J. Lartey, R. T. TI First Report of Crown Gall Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Euphorbia esula/virgata in Europe. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Caesar, A. J.; Lartey, R. T.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1710 EP 1710 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1710A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700029 ER PT J AU Zale, J Freshour, L Agarwal, S Sorochan, J Ownley, BH Gwinn, KD Castlebury, LA AF Zale, J. Freshour, L. Agarwal, S. Sorochan, J. Ownley, B. H. Gwinn, K. D. Castlebury, L. A. TI First Report of Rust on Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Caused by Puccinia emaculata in Tennessee. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID IDENTIFICATION C1 [Zale, J.; Freshour, L.; Agarwal, S.; Sorochan, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ownley, B. H.; Gwinn, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Castlebury, L. A.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zale, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1710 EP 1710 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1710B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 403FO UT WOS:000263068700030 ER PT J AU Innes, RW Ameline-Torregrosa, C Ashfield, T Cannon, E Cannon, SB Chacko, B Chen, NWG Couloux, A Dalwani, A Denny, R Deshpande, S Egan, AN Glover, N Hans, CS Howell, S Ilut, D Jackson, S Lai, HS Mammadov, J del Campo, SM Metcalf, M Nguyen, A O'Bleness, M Pfeil, BE Podicheti, R Ratnaparkhe, MB Samain, S Sanders, I Segurens, B Sevignac, M Sherman-Broyles, S Thareau, V Tucker, DM Walling, J Wawrzynski, A Yi, J Doyle, JJ Geffroy, V Roe, BA Maroof, MAS Young, ND AF Innes, Roger W. Ameline-Torregrosa, Carine Ashfield, Tom Cannon, Ethalinda Cannon, Steven B. Chacko, Ben Chen, Nicolas W. G. Couloux, Arnaud Dalwani, Anita Denny, Roxanne Deshpande, Shweta Egan, Ashley N. Glover, Natasha Hans, Christian S. Howell, Stacy Ilut, Dan Jackson, Scott Lai, Hongshing Mammadov, Jafar del Campo, Sara Martin Metcalf, Michelle Nguyen, Ashley O'Bleness, Majesta Pfeil, Bernard E. Podicheti, Ram Ratnaparkhe, Milind B. Samain, Sylvie Sanders, Iryna Segurens, Beatrice Sevignac, Mireille Sherman-Broyles, Sue Thareau, Vincent Tucker, Dominic M. Walling, Jason Wawrzynski, Adam Yi, Jing Doyle, Jeff J. Geffroy, Valerie Roe, Bruce A. Maroof, M. A. Saghai Young, Nevin D. TI Differential Accumulation of Retroelements and Diversification of NB-LRR Disease Resistance Genes in Duplicated Regions following Polyploidy in the Ancestor of Soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; MAX L. MERR.; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GLYCINE-MAX; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MAIZE GENOME; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; EVOLUTION AB The genomes of most, if not all, flowering plants have undergone whole genome duplication events during their evolution. The impact of such polyploidy events is poorly understood, as is the fate of most duplicated genes. We sequenced an approximately 1 million-bp region in soybean (Glycine max) centered on the Rpg1-b disease resistance gene and compared this region with a region duplicated 10 to 14 million years ago. These two regions were also compared with homologous regions in several related legume species (a second soybean genotype, Glycine tomentella, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Medicago truncatula), which enabled us to determine how each of the duplicated regions (homoeologues) in soybean has changed following polyploidy. The biggest change was in retroelement content, with homoeologue 2 having expanded to 3-fold the size of homoeologue 1. Despite this accumulation of retroelements, over 77% of the duplicated low-copy genes have been retained in the same order and appear to be functional. This finding contrasts with recent analyses of the maize (Zea mays) genome, in which only about one-third of duplicated genes appear to have been retained over a similar time period. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that the homoeologue 2 region is located very near a centromere. Thus, pericentromeric localization, per se, does not result in a high rate of gene inactivation, despite greatly accelerated retrotransposon accumulation. In contrast to low-copy genes, nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat disease resistance gene clusters have undergone dramatic species/homoeologue-specific duplications and losses, with some evidence for partitioning of subfamilies between homoeologues. C1 [Innes, Roger W.; Ashfield, Tom; Dalwani, Anita; Howell, Stacy; del Campo, Sara Martin; Metcalf, Michelle; Podicheti, Ram; Wawrzynski, Adam] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ameline-Torregrosa, Carine; Cannon, Ethalinda; Cannon, Steven B.; Chacko, Ben; Denny, Roxanne; Young, Nevin D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cannon, Ethalinda] Iowa State Univ, Virtual Real Applicat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, Nicolas W. G.; Sevignac, Mireille; Thareau, Vincent; Geffroy, Valerie] Univ Paris 11, INRA, CNRS, Inst Biotechnol Plantes,UMR 8618, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Couloux, Arnaud; Samain, Sylvie; Segurens, Beatrice] Genoscope Commissariat Energie Atom Ctr Natl Sequ, F-91057 Evry, France. [Deshpande, Shweta; Lai, Hongshing; O'Bleness, Majesta; Sanders, Iryna; Yi, Jing; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Egan, Ashley N.; Ilut, Dan; Pfeil, Bernard E.; Sherman-Broyles, Sue; Doyle, Jeff J.] Cornell Univ, LH Bailey Hortorium, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glover, Natasha; Mammadov, Jafar; Nguyen, Ashley; Ratnaparkhe, Milind B.; Tucker, Dominic M.; Maroof, M. A. Saghai] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hans, Christian S.; Jackson, Scott; Walling, Jason] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pfeil, Bernard E.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Ratnaparkhe, Milind B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Innes, RW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM rinnes@indiana.edu RI Pfeil, Bernard/C-1108-2008; Innes, Roger/A-5244-2010; OI Pfeil, Bernard/0000-0001-8179-2270; Ilut, Daniel/0000-0001-7497-9109; Chen, Nicolas/0000-0002-7528-4656 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321664, DEB-0516673]; Genoscope/Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-Centre National de Sequencage; Microsoft Corporation; Advanced Center for Genome Technology FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (grant no. DBI-0321664 to R.W.I., M.A.S.M., N.D.Y., B.A.R., and J.J.D.) and by a grant from Genoscope/Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-Centre National de Sequencage (to V.G.). A.N.E. was supported by a National Science Foundation Systematics Award (grant no. DEB-0516673).; We thank Randy Shoemaker, Barbara Baker, and Chris Pires for serving on the advisory committee for this project. We also thank Randy Shoemaker for help with screening of BAC libraries. We thank Mounier Elharam and Jennifer Lewis at the University of Oklahoma's Advanced Center for Genome Technology for contributing to the DNA sequencing on the ABI3730 and Steve Kenton, Shaoping Lin, and Ying Fu for their helpful discussions on sequencing through difficult regions. Computer support was provided by the Indiana University Information Technology Services Research Database Complex, the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation, and the fAdvanced Center for Genome Technology. NR 107 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 1740 EP 1759 DI 10.1104/pp.108.127902 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 380YH UT WOS:000261501500003 PM 18842825 ER PT J AU Wawrzynski, A Ashfield, T Chen, NWG Mammadov, J Nguyen, A Podicheti, R Cannon, SB Thareau, V Ameline-Torregrosa, C Cannon, E Chacko, B Couloux, A Dalwani, A Denny, R Deshpande, S Egan, AN Glover, N Howell, S Ilut, D Lai, HS del Campo, SM Metcalf, M O'Bleness, M Pfeil, BE Ratnaparkhe, MB Samain, S Sanders, I Segurens, B Sevignac, M Sherman-Broyles, S Tucker, DM Yi, J Doyle, JJ Geffroy, V Roe, BA Maroof, MAS Young, ND Innes, RW AF Wawrzynski, Adam Ashfield, Tom Chen, Nicolas W. G. Mammadov, Jafar Nguyen, Ashley Podicheti, Ram Cannon, Steven B. Thareau, Vincent Ameline-Torregrosa, Carine Cannon, Ethalinda Chacko, Ben Couloux, Arnaud Dalwani, Anita Denny, Roxanne Deshpande, Shweta Egan, Ashley N. Glover, Natasha Howell, Stacy Ilut, Dan Lai, Hongshing del Campo, Sara Martin Metcalf, Michelle O'Bleness, Majesta Pfeil, Bernard E. Ratnaparkhe, Milind B. Samain, Sylvie Sanders, Iryna Segurens, Beatrice Sevignac, Mireille Sherman-Broyles, Sue Tucker, Dominic M. Yi, Jing Doyle, Jeff J. Geffroy, Valerie Roe, Bruce A. Maroof, M. A. Saghai Young, Nevin D. Innes, Roger W. TI Replication of Nonautonomous Retroelements in Soybean Appears to Be Both Recent and Common SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME SIZE; GLYCINE-MAX; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; LTR RETROTRANSPOSONS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PLANT GENOMES; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWERING PLANTS AB Retrotransposons and their remnants often constitute more than 50% of higher plant genomes. Although extensively studied in monocot crops such as maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), the impact of retrotransposons on dicot crop genomes is not well documented. Here, we present an analysis of retrotransposons in soybean (Glycine max). Analysis of approximately 3.7 megabases (Mb) of genomic sequence, including 0.87 Mb of pericentromeric sequence, uncovered 45 intact long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons. The ratio of intact elements to solo LTRs was 8: 1, one of the highest reported to date in plants, suggesting that removal of retrotransposons by homologous recombination between LTRs is occurring more slowly in soybean than in previously characterized plant species. Analysis of paired LTR sequences uncovered a low frequency of deletions relative to base substitutions, indicating that removal of retrotransposon sequences by illegitimate recombination is also operating more slowly. Significantly, we identified three subfamilies of nonautonomous elements that have replicated in the recent past, suggesting that retrotransposition can be catalyzed in trans by autonomous elements elsewhere in the genome. Analysis of 1.6 Mb of sequence from Glycine tomentella, a wild perennial relative of soybean, uncovered 23 intact retroelements, two of which had accumulated no mutations in their LTRs, indicating very recent insertion. A similar pattern was found in 0.94 Mb of sequence from Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Thus, autonomous and nonautonomous retrotransposons appear to be both abundant and active in Glycine and Phaseolus. The impact of nonautonomous retrotransposon replication on genome size appears to be much greater than previously appreciated. C1 [Wawrzynski, Adam; Ashfield, Tom; Podicheti, Ram; Dalwani, Anita; Howell, Stacy; del Campo, Sara Martin; Metcalf, Michelle; Innes, Roger W.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Chen, Nicolas W. G.; Thareau, Vincent; Sevignac, Mireille; Geffroy, Valerie] Univ Paris 11, INRA, CNRS, Inst Biotechnol Plantes,UMR 8618, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Mammadov, Jafar; Nguyen, Ashley; Glover, Natasha; Ratnaparkhe, Milind B.; Tucker, Dominic M.; Maroof, M. A. Saghai] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.; Ameline-Torregrosa, Carine; Cannon, Ethalinda; Chacko, Ben; Denny, Roxanne; Young, Nevin D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Ethalinda] Iowa State Univ, Virtual Real Applicat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Couloux, Arnaud; Samain, Sylvie; Segurens, Beatrice] Genoscope CEA Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. [Deshpande, Shweta; Lai, Hongshing; O'Bleness, Majesta; Sanders, Iryna; Yi, Jing; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Egan, Ashley N.; Ilut, Dan; Pfeil, Bernard E.; Sherman-Broyles, Sue; Doyle, Jeff J.] Cornell Univ, LH Bailey Hortorium, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pfeil, Bernard E.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Ratnaparkhe, Milind B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Innes, RW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM rinnes@indiana.edu RI Pfeil, Bernard/C-1108-2008; Innes, Roger/A-5244-2010; OI Pfeil, Bernard/0000-0001-8179-2270; Ilut, Daniel/0000-0001-7497-9109; Chen, Nicolas/0000-0002-7528-4656 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321664]; Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sequencage; Microsoft Corporation; ACGT; [DEB-0516673] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Research Program grant no. DBI-0321664 to R. W. I., M. A. S. M., N.D.Y., B. A. R., and J.J.D. and Systematics award no. DEB-0516673 to A.N.E.) and by Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sequencage (grant to V. G.).; We thank Randy Shoemaker, Barbara Baker, and Chris Pires for serving on the advisory committee for this project. We thank Mounier Elharam and Jennifer Lewis at the University of Oklahoma's Advanced Center for Genome Technology (ACGT) for contributing to the DNA sequencing on the ABI 3730s and Steve Kenton, Shaoping Lin, and Ying Fu for their helpful discussions on sequencing through difficult regions. Computer support was provided by the Indiana University Information Technology Services Research Database Complex, the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation, and the ACGT. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 1760 EP 1771 DI 10.1104/pp.108.127910 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 380YH UT WOS:000261501500004 PM 18952860 ER PT J AU Wang, P Zhou, DM Kinraide, TB Luo, XS Li, LZ Li, DD Zhang, HL AF Wang, Peng Zhou, Dongmei Kinraide, Thomas B. Luo, Xiaosan Li, Lianzhen Li, Dandan Zhang, Hailin TI Cell Membrane Surface Potential (psi(0)) Plays a Dominant Role in the Phytotoxicity of Copper and Arsenate SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS; ACUTE TOXICITY; METALS; PH; BIOAVAILABILITY; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; SODIUM AB Negative charges at cell membrane surfaces (CMS) create a surface electrical potential (psi(0)) that affects ion concentrations at the CMS and consequently affects the phytotoxicity of metallic cations and metalloid anions in different ways. The zeta potentials of root protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum), as affected by the ionic environment of the solution, were measured and compared with the values of psi(0) calculated with a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. The mechanisms for the effects of cations (H(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), and K(+)) on the acute toxicity of Cu(2+) and As(V) to wheat were studied in terms of psi(0). The order of effectiveness of the ions in reducing the negativity of psi(0) was H(+) > Ca(2+) approximate to Mg(2+) > Na(+) approximate to K(+). The calculated values of psi(0) were proportional to the measured zeta potentials (r(2) = 0.93). Increasing Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) activities in bulk-phase media resulted in decreased CMS activities of Cu(2+) ({Cu(2+)}(0)) and increased CMS activities of As(V) ({As(V)}(0)). The 48-h EA50{Cu(2+)}(b) ({Cu(2+)} in bulk-phase media accounting for 50% inhibition of root elongation over 48 h) increased initially and then declined, whereas the 48-h EA50{As(V)}(b) decreased linearly. However, the intrinsic toxicity of Cu(2+) (toxicity expressed in terms of {Cu(2+)}(0)) appeared to be enhanced as psi(0) became less negative and the intrinsic toxicity of As(V) appeared to be reduced. The psi(0) effects, rather than site- specific competitions among ions at the CMS (invoked by the biotic ligand model), may play the dominant role in the phytotoxicities of Cu(2+) and As(V) to wheat. C1 [Wang, Peng; Zhou, Dongmei; Luo, Xiaosan; Li, Lianzhen; Li, Dandan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Wang, Peng; Luo, Xiaosan; Li, Lianzhen; Li, Dandan] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Kinraide, Thomas B.] ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Zhang, Hailin] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Peng/C-2936-2009; Zhou, Dong-Mei/F-3197-2010; LUO, Xiao-San/D-9374-2011; Wang, Peng/E-2008-2012 OI LUO, Xiao-San/0000-0003-4314-7216; Wang, Peng/0000-0001-8622-8767 FU National Natural Science Foundation [40671095]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KXCX3-SW-435]; Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Program on Soil Biosystems and Agro-Product Safety [CXTD-Z2005-4-1] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ( grant no. 40671095), the Knowledge Innovative Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( grant no. KXCX3-SW-435), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Program on Soil Biosystems and Agro-Product Safety ( grant no. CXTD-Z2005-4-1). NR 26 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 2134 EP 2143 DI 10.1104/pp.108.127464 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 380YH UT WOS:000261501500031 PM 18829983 ER PT J AU Gronwald, JW Miller, SS Vance, CP AF Gronwald, John W. Miller, Susan S. Vance, Carroll P. TI Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase: Evidence for two isoforms SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; cell wall; myo-inositol oxidation pathway; pyrophosphorylase; UDP-glucuronic acid; UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; GLUCURONIC ACID PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; CASTOR-OIL SEEDS; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; GALACTURONIC ACID; PLANTS; PURIFICATION; ENDOSPERM; TURNOVER AB Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (AtUSP, EC 2.7.7.64) is a broad substrate pyrophosphorylase that exhibits activity with GlcA-1-P, Gal-1-P and Glc-1-P. Immunoblots using polyclonal antibodies raised to recombinant AtUSP demonstrated the presence of two USP isoforms of approximately 70 kDa (USP1) and 66 kDa (USP2) in crude extracts of Arabidopsis tissues. The 66 kDa isoform was not the result of proteolytic cleavage of USP1 during extraction. Trypsin digestion of bands on SDS gels corresponding to the location of the two isoforms followed by tandem mass spectrometry confirmed that USP peptides were present in both bands. Both USP isoforms were detected in the cytosol as determined by immunoblots of cellular fractions obtained by differential centrifugation. However, some USP1 was also detected in the microsomal fraction. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AtUSP antibodies removed USP activity (UDP-GlcA -> GlcA-1-P) measured in floret extracts. These results indicate that USP is the only pyrophosphorylase that utilizes UDP-GlcA as a substrate and suggest that it serves as the terminal enzyme of the myo-inositol oxidation pathway Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Gronwald, John W.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gronwald, John W.; Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM john.gronwald@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1101 EP 1105 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.07.001 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 381QZ UT WOS:000261552300011 PM 18768324 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, James H. TI Breeding biologies, seed production and species-rich bee guilds of Cleome lutea and Cleome serrulata (Cleomaceae) SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Brassicaceae; Capparaceae; pollination; seedling fitness; self-compatibility ID BRASSICACEAE; CAPPARACEAE; PLANTS AB The summer-blooming annual forbs Cleome lutea and Cleome serrulata (Cleomaceae) are native across the US Intermountain West and Rocky Mountains, respectively. Their farmed seed is sought to help rehabilitate western rangelands in those regions. This study of the reproductive biologies and pollinator faunas of C. lutea and C. serrulata is the first for this cosmopolitan family, the sister family to the Brassicaceae. Unlike the S-allele self-incompatibility systems of some Brassicaceae, both species of Cleome were found to be self-fertile and capable of some autogamy. Compared with selfing, outcrossing did not enhance seed set, seed viability or seedling vigor for either species (in fact, selfed progeny were more robust). Large, openly visited plants yielded > 20 000 seeds each. Like several species of the sister family Capparaceae, flowers of both species first shed their pollen, secreted nectar and became receptive nocturnally. Although no nocturnal visitors were found, both Cleome species attracted a diverse array of diurnal native bees, wasps and butterflies. Among the many floral generalist bees that work Cleome flowers for pollen and nectar are two managed agricultural pollinators, Apis mellifera and Megachile rotundata. These observations bode well for pollinating C. lutea and C. serrulata in small commercial seed fields. It appears that diverse wild bees would benefit from the addition of native Cleome to restoration seed mixes, with the objective of sustaining native pollinator faunas during the first few years of postfire plant community rehabilitation. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jim.cane@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0913-557X J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL JI Plant Spec. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2008.00224.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369WI UT WOS:000260724200002 ER PT J AU Palmer, NA Sattler, SE Saathoff, AJ Funnell, D Pedersen, JF Sarath, G AF Palmer, Nathan A. Sattler, Scott E. Saathoff, Aaron J. Funnell, Deanna Pedersen, JeVery F. Sarath, Gautam TI Genetic background impacts soluble and cell wall-bound aromatics in brown midrib mutants of sorghum SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Brown midrib; Double-mutant; Lignin; Phenolics; Sorghum bicolor; Thioacidolysis ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; BMR-12 GENES; MAIZE; DIGESTIBILITY; SWITCHGRASS; EXPRESSION AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench) BMR-6 and BMR-12 encode cinnamylalcohol dehydrogenase and caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, respectively. We have evaluated the impact of two bmr alleles, bmr-6 and bmr-12, respectively, on soluble and wall-bound aromatics in near isogenic, wild-type (WT), bmr-6, bmr-12 and double-mutant (DM; bmr-6 and bmr-12) plants in two genetic backgrounds, RTx430 and Wheatland. Immunoblots confirmed that COMT protein was essentially absent in bmr-12 and DM plants, but was present in bmr-6 and WT plants. In contrast, although CAD activity was not detected in bmr-6 and DM plants, proteins crossreacting to anti-CAD sera were found in stem extracts from all genotypes. In both sorghum backgrounds, WT plants had lowest amounts of free aromatics, higher levels of cell wall-bound pCA and FA esters and guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) lignins. Soluble aromatics and cell wall phenolic ester content in Wheatland DM plants resembled that of Wheatland bmr-6 plants, whereas in the RTx430 background, levels of these components in the DM plants more closely resembled those observed in bmr-12 plants. In both backgrounds, bmr-6 plants exhibited reduced levels of G, S, and H lignins relative to WT, and increased incorporation of G-indene into lignin. In bmr-12 plants, there was greater incorporation of G- and 5-hydroxyguaiacyl (5-OHG) lignin into cell walls. Histochemical staining of internode sections from Wheatland plants indicated that apparent lignification of cortical sclerenchyma and vascular bundle fibers was greatest and most uniform in WT plants. Relative staining intensity of these tissues was decreased in bmr-6, followed by bmr-12 plants. DM plants exhibited poor staining of cortical sclerenchyma and vascular bundle fibers. C1 [Palmer, Nathan A.; Sattler, Scott E.; Saathoff, Aaron J.; Funnell, Deanna; Pedersen, JeVery F.; Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Palmer, Nathan A.; Sattler, Scott E.; Saathoff, Aaron J.; Pedersen, JeVery F.; Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Funnell, Deanna] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, East Campus,314 Biochem Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gautam.Sarath@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2008 VL 229 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s00425-008-0814-1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 383SA UT WOS:000261692500009 PM 18795321 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Durst, RW Wrolstad, R De Jong, W AF Brown, C. R. Durst, R. W. Wrolstad, R. De Jong, W. TI Variability of Phytonutrient Content of Potato in Relation to Growing Location and Cooking Method SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Breeding; Carotenoids; Lutein; Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); Solanum; Zeaxanthin AB Potato has a defined complement of metabolites that contribute to the human diet. Among these are the carotenoids and anthocyanins. Carotenoids are found in all potatoes in the flesh. White-fleshed varieties have 50 to 100 mu g per 100 g fresh weight (FW), while moderately yellow-fleshed varieties will generally possess from 100 to 350 mu g per 100 g FW. The more intensely yellow-fleshed genotypes, which may look orange, at the higher extremes are at levels above 1,000 mu g per 100 g FW. The highest level published is 2,600 mu g per 100 g FW in diploid germplasm derived from South American Papa Amarilla cultivars. Potato generally has predominantly lutein, a xanthophyll which is also found in the human retina, and must be obtained in the diet. The genotypes with extremely high levels of total carotenoids have zeaxanthin, an isomer of lutein, which is also present in the human retina. Anthocyanins are present in red-or purple-skinned and fleshed varieties. Total anthocyanins range from 1.5 mg to 48 mg per 100 g FW in a solidly pigmented purple-skinned, purple-fleshed breeding line. The degree of pigmentation in the flesh appears to be under polygenic control. Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances. The level of total anthocyanins is correlated with antioxidant level (r=0.94, P<0.001). Several methods of cooking interacted with genotypes in the antioxidant level remaining after cooking compared to raw potatoes. No method of cooking completely eliminated antioxidant activity, while boiling appeared to increase it compared to raw potato in the case of the most highly pigmented clone. C1 [Brown, C. R.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Durst, R. W.] Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wrolstad, R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [De Jong, W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s11540-008-9115-0 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V24MC UT WOS:000208413500005 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Widyaratne, GP Thacker, PA AF Leytem, A. B. Widyaratne, G. P. Thacker, P. A. TI Phosphorus Utilization and Characterization of Ileal Digesta and Excreta from Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Varying in Cereal Grain, Phosphorus Level, and Phytase Addition SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; phosphorus; phytate; phytase; cereal ID MICROBIAL PHYTASE; PHYTIC ACID; POULTRY; LITTER; BARLEY; SOILS; DIGESTIBILITY; SOLUBILITY; RUNOFF; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Both intrinsic and exogenous phytase in poultry feeds can alter phytate utilization and the solubility of P excreted. This experiment determined the effects of feeding diets varying in cereal grain, P concentration and phytase addition on phytate and P utilization and P characterization of ileal digesta and excreta. Twelve treatments, consisting of diets based on corn, wheat, barley, or high fat-low lignin oat and 3 P treatments (low P with 0.30% nonphytate P; low P + 1,000 phytase units of phytase; high P with 0.45% nonphytate P), were fed to 300 broilers using a factorial design. Fresh excreta were collected at 20 and 21 d and ileal digesta was collected at 21 d. Ileal digesta and excreta were analyzed for total P, phytate P and Ca, with P composition determined by solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Excreta samples were also analyzed for water soluble P (WSP). Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for phytate P and total P ranged from 0.03 to 0.42 and 0.56 to 0.71, respectively. Diets supplemented with phytase had greater phytate P hydrolysis than unsupplemented diets. Apparent total tract digestibility coefficients for phytate P and total P ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 and 0.43 to 0.61, respectively. Across cereal grains, there was almost a 3-fold increase in total tract phytate P hydrolysis with phytase supplementation. The P composition of ileal digesta was predominantly phytate P (70 to 88% of total P), whereas excreta phytate P ranged from 26 to 76% of total P. Excreta WSP ranged from 3.2 to 7.5 g kg(-1) and was least for the barley diets. There was a 25% reduction in excreta WSP from the high P to the low P + phytase diets and a 37% reduction from the high P to the low P diets. As cereal grain had little influence on phytate digestibility, it is unlikely that intrinsic phytase in grain has much influence on phytate utilization by poultry. Both total P and WSP in excreta were reduced by the low P diet and the low P + phytase diet, irrespective of cereal grain, which reduces the risk of P transfer to water bodies when excreta are applied to land as fertilizer. C1 [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Widyaratne, G. P.; Thacker, P. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM April.Leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2466 EP 2476 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00043 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 382JE UT WOS:000261601300006 PM 19038801 ER PT J AU Fahey, AG Cheng, HW AF Fahey, A. G. Cheng, H. W. TI Group Size and Density Effects on Physical Indices and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Two Genetic Lines of White Leghorn Layers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE group size; subpopulation T cell; hematology; body weight; chicken ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; GROUP SELECTION; SOCIAL STRESS; LAYING HENS; BODY-WEIGHT; CHICKENS; RESPONSES; ADAPTATION; CORTICOSTERONE; PRODUCTIVITY AB Social stress resulting from varied group sizes with density in caging systems is a common problem that affects bird welfare in the poultry industry in the United States. To examine whether there is a genetic basis for variations in response to group size and density, 2 genetic strains of White Leghorn hens were used in this study: HGPS, a line selected for high group productivity and survivability in multiple-bird cages and DXL (Dekalb XL), a commercial line individually selected for production. Birds from each line were housed in either 4-bird cages (542 cm(2)/bird) or 10-bird cages ( 434 cm(2)/bird) from 17 to 60 wk of age. Blood samples, BW, and adrenal weight were collected from the birds at 30, 45, and 60 wk of age (n = 12, respectively) after euthanasia. Subsets of T cells (CD4(+) and CD8(+)) were measured by flow cytometry. Hematological parameters were collected from blood smears. Results showed that there were no significant differences for BW, the relative adrenal glands, and the heterophil: lymphocyte ratio between and across lines after the treatments (P > 0.05, respectively). Compared with DXL birds, the HGPS birds had a greater ratio of CD4(+): CD8(+) at 30 and 45 wk of age. There was an age-associated decrease in CD4(+) cells in all groups from 45 to 60 wk of age. However, an age-related decrease in CD8(+) cells from 45 to 60 wk was found in the DXL birds only. The unique changes in T-cell subpopulations and the ratio of CD4+: CD8+ may suggest that HGPS birds had a greater cell-mediated immunity than DXL birds. The genetic basis of variations in immunity may correlate with the line-unique ability of birds to cope in social environments and their survivability. C1 [Fahey, A. G.; Cheng, H. W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fahey, A. G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wcheng@purdue.edu OI Fahey, Alan/0000-0002-4594-5767 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2500 EP 2504 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00407 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 382JE UT WOS:000261601300010 PM 19038805 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Kwanyuen, P Thacker, P AF Leytem, A. B. Kwanyuen, P. Thacker, P. TI Nutrient Excretion, Phosphorus Characterization, and Phosphorus Solubility in Excreta from Broiler Chicks Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Wheat Distillers Grains with Solubles SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distillers dried grain with solubles; broiler; phosphorus; nitrogen; phytate ID POULTRY LITTER; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; DRIED GRAINS; MANURE; SOILS; DIGESTIBILITY; RUNOFF; PERFORMANCE; SPECIATION AB Increased interest in ethanol production in North America has led to increased production of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the majority of which are fed to livestock. To determine the impact of including wheat DDGS in broiler diets on nutrient excretion and P characterization and solubility, 125 one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed wheat-and soybean meal-based diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% wheat DDGS. There were 5 replicate pens per treatment, with 5 birds per pen arranged in a randomized block design. Apparent retention of both N and P were determined by using the indicator method. Nutrients excreted per kilogram of DM intake were also calculated. Characterization of excreta P was determined by (31)P-solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and water-soluble P (WSP) was determined by extraction of excreta with deionized water. The apparent retention of both N (P < 0.001) and P (P < 0.008) decreased linearly with increasing inclusion rates of DDGS from 0 to 20%. The nutrient output per kilogram of DM intake increased linearly with increased DDGS inclusion rate for N (P < 0.04), P (P < 0.0001), and WSP (P < 0.0003). As the inclusion rate of DDGS increased, the P concentration in excreta increased (P < 0.008), whereas excreta phytate P concentrations decreased (P < 0.01), which led to an increase in WSP and the fraction of total P that was soluble. Because the inclusion of DDGS in poultry diets increased N and P output, as well as the solubility of P excreted, care should be taken when including high levels of DDGS in poultry diets, because increases in N and P excretion are a concern from an environmental standpoint. C1 [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Kwanyuen, P.] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Thacker, P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM April.Leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2505 EP 2511 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00052 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 382JE UT WOS:000261601300011 PM 19038806 ER PT J AU Sethi, PK McMurtry, JP Pesti, GM Edwards, HM Aggrey, SE AF Sethi, P. K. McMurtry, J. P. Pesti, G. M. Edwards, H. M., Jr. Aggrey, S. E. TI Physiological Responses to Divergent Selection for Phytate Phosphorus Bioavailability in a Randombred Chicken Population SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE divergent selection; phytate phosphorus bioavailability; thyroid hormone; insulin-like growth factor; glucagon ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; DIETARY PHOSPHORUS; IGF-I; INSULIN; AVAILABILITY; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB An investigation was conducted to study insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine (T(4)) levels in a chicken population divergently selected for P bioavailability (PBA). There were differences in growth and feed efficiency between the 2 lines. Concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, and T3 were significantly greater in the high PBA line compared with the low PBA line, whereas the reverse was true for glucagon. There were no correlations between IGF-I and II and PBA in either line, suggesting that the line differences may be the result of factors other than PBA. Glucagon and IGF-I have different relationships with feed conversion ratio in the high PBA line compared with the low PBA line. There was a significant correlation between PBA and T(3) in the low line and between PBA and T(4) in the high PBA line. Thyroid hormone levels may be an indirect indicator of PBA in growing chickens. The genes in the thyroid hormone pathway may be key in the identification of genes associated with PBA. C1 [Sethi, P. K.; Pesti, G. M.; Edwards, H. M., Jr.; Aggrey, S. E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McMurtry, J. P.] USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aggrey, SE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM saggrey@uga.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2512 EP 2516 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00190 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 382JE UT WOS:000261601300012 PM 19038807 ER PT J AU Shearer, GC Newman, JW AF Shearer, Gregory C. Newman, John W. TI Lipoprotein lipase releases esterified oxylipins from very low-density lipoproteins SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Oxylipin; Oxylipid; Eicosanoid; Octadecanoid; VLDL; LpL; Lipoprotein lipase; Hyperlipidemia; Metabolic profiling ID BLOOD-PLASMA PROTEINS; SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION; 9-HYDROXYOCTADECADIENOIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; OXIDIZED LDL; HUMAN-SERUM; PRODUCTS; BINDING AB We previously demonstrated that defects in lipoprotein metabolism alter the distribution of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lipoprotein particles. If these oxidation products are released by lipoprotein lipase (LpL), then their delivery to peripheral tissues with bulk lipids could influence cellular function. Using 26-week-old normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic Zucker rats, we measured PUFA alcohols, epoxides, diols, ketones, and triols (i.e. oxylipins) in esterified and non-esterified fractions of whole plasma, VLDL, and LpL-generated VLDL-lipolysates. Whole plasma, VLDL, and lipolysate oxylipin profiles were distinct and altered by hyperlipidemia. While >90% of the whole plasma oxylipins were esterified, the fraction of each oxylipin class in the VLDL varied: 46% of alcohols, 30% of epoxides, 19% of diols, <10% of ketones, and <1 % triols. Whole plasma was dominated by arachidonate alcohols, while the linoleate alcohols, epoxides, and ketones showed an increased prevalence in VLDL. LpL-mediated VLDL lipolysis of PUFA alcohols, diols and ketones was detected and the relative abundance of oxygenated linoleates was enhanced in the lipolysates, relative to their corresponding VLDL. In summary esterified oxylipins were seen to be LpL. substrates with heterogeneous distributions among lipoprotein classes. Moreover, oxylipin distributions are changes within the context of obesity-associated dyslipidemia. These results support the notion that the VLDL-LpL axis may facilitate the delivery of plasma oxylipins to the periphery. The physiological implications of these findings are yet to be elucidated: however, these molecules are plausible indicators of systemic oxidative stress, and could report this status to the peripheral tissues. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shearer, Gregory C.] Dept Vet Affairs No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Mather, CA USA. [Shearer, Gregory C.] UC Davis, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Davis, CA USA. [Newman, John W.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Newman, John W.] UC Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. RP Shearer, GC (reprint author), Sanford Res USD, Metab & Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 E 21st St, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. EM greg.shearer@usd.edu FU Department of Veteran's Affairs (USA); USDA [5306-51530-016-OOD]; NIEHS [R37 ES02710]; NIH/NIDDK UC Davis Clinical Nutrition Research Unit [P30 DK35747]; [P42 ES04699] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. George Kaysen for the use of facilities and resources instrumental to the completion of this research. This research was supported in part by the research service of the Department of Veteran's Affairs (USA), and USDA, ARS Project # 5306-51530-016-OOD. Additional support was provided by the NIEHS (R37 ES02710), NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program (P42 ES04699) and the NIH/NIDDK UC Davis Clinical Nutrition Research Unit (P30 DK35747). GCS and JWN contributed equally to this research. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.09.023 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 388BH UT WOS:000261994800005 PM 19042114 ER PT J AU Crumpacker, M Crumpacker, JM AF Crumpacker, Martha Crumpacker, Jill M. TI The US Federal Senior Executive Service (SES) and Gender Diversity: Would Proposed Legislation Enhancing the Representational Diversity of Selection Panels Necessarily Increase the Number of Female Appointments to the SES? SO PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Diversity; Gender; Selection; Senior Executive Service; SES; Senior Executive Service Diversity Assurance Act; Talent Management AB The number of women in senior government positions has steadily increased over the past 30 years, but the percentage of women in the Senior Executive Service (SES) of the federal government continues to lag behind the percentages of women in both the civilian labor force and the federal government workforce. During 2007-2008, congressional leaders introduced the SES Diversity Assurance Act to increase the number of women and minorities in the SES. This Article discusses whether the provisions of the proposed legislation that address initial selection into the SES, as presented, would achieve the intended result of increasing gender diversity in the SES. C1 [Crumpacker, Martha; Crumpacker, Jill M.] Washburn Univ, Sch Business, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [Crumpacker, Jill M.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Crumpacker, M (reprint author), POB 4006, Topeka, KS 66604 USA. EM martha.crumpacker@washburn.edu; jmcrumpacker@aol.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1617 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0091-0260 J9 PUBLIC PERS MANAGE JI Public Personnel Manage. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 417 EP 433 PG 17 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 427HV UT WOS:000264771300004 ER PT J AU Hanson, JD Franzluebbers, A AF Hanson, Jon D. Franzluebbers, Alan TI Principles of integrated agricultural systems SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hanson, Jon D.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan] USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Hanson, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, 1701 10th Ave,SW,POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM jonhanson@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1017/S174217050800241X PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500001 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD Tanaka, DL Sassenrath, G AF Hendrickson, John R. Hanson, J. D. Tanaka, Donald L. Sassenrath, Gretchen TI Principles of integrated agricultural systems: Introduction to processes and definition SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE agricultural production systems; hierarchy; dynamic-integrated agricultural production systems ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; FARMING SYSTEMS; LIVESTOCK; CROPS; TRANSITION; BENEFITS AB Agriculture has been very successful in addressing the food and fiber needs of today's world population. However, there are increasing concerns about the economic, environmental and social costs of this success. Integrated agricultural systems may provide a means to address these concerns while increasing sustainability. This paper reviews the potential for and challenges to integrated agricultural systems, evaluates different agricultural systems in a hierarchical systems framework. and provides definitions and examples for each of the systems. This paper also describes the concept of dynamic-integrated agricultural systems and calls for the development of principles to use in developing and researching integrated agricultural systems. The concepts in this paper have arisen from the first in a series of planned workshops to organize common principles. criteria and indicators across physiographic regions in integrated agricultural systems. Integrated agricultural systems have multiple enterprises that interact in space and time, resulting In a synergistic resource transfer among enterprises. Dynamic-integrated agricultural systems have multiple enterprises managed in a dynamic manner. The key difference between dynamic-integrated agricultural systems and integrated agricultural systems is in management philosophy. In an integrated agricultural system, management decisions, Such as type and amount of commodities to produce. are predetermined. In a dynamic-integrated system, decisions are made at the most opportune time using the best available knowledge. We developed a hierarchical scheme for agricultural systems ranging from basic agricultural production systems. which are the simplest system with no resource flow between enterprises, to dynamic-integrated agricultural systems. As agricultural systems Move LIP in the hierarchy, their complexity, amount of management needed, and sustainability also increases. A key aspect of sustainability is the ability to adapt to future challenges. We argue that sustainable systems need built-in flexibility to achieve this goal. C1 [Hendrickson, John R.; Hanson, J. D.; Tanaka, Donald L.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Sassenrath, Gretchen] Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM hendricj@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 28 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1017/S1742170507001718 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500002 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Dawson, J Kreuter, UP Hendrickson, M Halloran, JM AF Archer, David W. Dawson, Julie Kreuter, Urs P. Hendrickson, Mary Halloran, John M. TI Social and political influences on agricultural systems SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE social; political; agriculture; sustainability ID BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Agricultural systems are Situated within social and political environments that have tremendous influence on how they operate. If agricultural systems are to be Sustainable, it is critical to understand how they are influenced by social and political factors. An expert panel approach was used to identify and rank the importance of social and political factors on agricultural systems in the US and to provide some insights into their impacts, interactions and mechanisms of influence. The panel identified a wide range of social and political factors that affect agricultural systems. The factors were divided into three categories: internal social factors, external social factors and political factors. Factors from each of the three categories were highly ranked, indicating that no single category dominated the others. Although there were contrasting views about the importance of some factors, there was strong consensus about many of them. Globalization and low margins that require increased scale and efficiency were identified as the two most important factors affecting agricultural systems. Several newly emerging factors were identified as well as factors needing further research. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is imperative to help guide scientific research so that beneficial discoveries are accepted and used, and to ensure that policy decisions enhance the future sustainability of agricultural production. C1 [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Dawson, Julie] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kreuter, Urs P.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Hendrickson, Mary] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Halloran, John M.] USDA ARS, Orono, ME USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM archer@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Kreuter, Urs/F-7669-2011; OI Hendrickson, Mary/0000-0003-2984-4082; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1017/S174217050700169X PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500003 ER PT J AU Sassenrath, GF Heilman, P Lusche, E Bennett, GL Fitzgerald, G Klesius, P Tracy, W Williford, JR Zimba, PV AF Sassenrath, G. F. Heilman, P. Lusche, E. Bennett, G. L. Fitzgerald, G. Klesius, P. Tracy, W. Williford, J. R. Zimba, P. V. TI Technology, complexity and change in agricultural production systems SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE technology; sustainability; technological drivers; genetic improvements; mechanization; conservation systems; information systems ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; ADOPTION; FOOD; MODEL AB Technological advances have contributed to impressive yield gains and have greatly altered US agriculture. Selective breeding and directed molecular techniques address biological shortcomings of plants and animals and overcome environmental limitations. Improvements in mechanization. particularly of power sources and harvest equipment, reduce labor requirements and increase productivity and worker safety. Conservation systems, often designed to overcome problems introduced from other technologies, reduce negative impacts on soil and water and improve the environmental sustainability of production systems. Advances in information systems. largely developed in other disciplines and adapted to agriculture. are only beginning to impact US production practices. This paper is the fourth in the series of manuscripts exploring drivers of US agricultural systems. While development of technology is still largely driven by a need to address a problem. adoption is closely linked with other drivers of agricultural systems, most notably social, political and economic. Here we explore the processes of innovation and adoption of technologies and how they have shaped agriculture. Technologies have increased yield and net output, and have also resulted in decreased control by producers. increased intensification. specialization and complexity of production. greater dependence on non-renewable resources, increased production inputs and hence decreased return, and ail enhanced reliance on future technology. Future technologies will need to address emerging issues in land use. decline in work force and societal support of fanning, global competition, changing social values in both taste and convenience of food, and increasing concerns for food safety and the environment. The challenge for farmers and researchers is to address these issues and develop technologies that balance the needs of producers with the expectations of society and create economically and environmentally sustainable production systems, C1 [Sassenrath, G. F.; Williford, J. R.] USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Heilman, P.] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Lusche, E.; Tracy, W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bennett, G. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Fitzgerald, G.] Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. [Klesius, P.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Zimba, P. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sassenrath, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Gretchen.Sassenrath@ars.usda.gov RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 68 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 33 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1017/S174217050700213X PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500004 ER PT J AU Halloran, JM Archer, DW AF Halloran, J. M. Archer, D. W. TI External economic drivers and US agricultural production systems SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE specialization; industrialization; economic incentives; Farm Bill; price and income supports; integrated systems; diversification; market structure and concentration; contracts; demand; strategic alliances ID PROGRAM PAYMENTS; SUSTAINABILITY; MARKET; IMPACT; FARMS AB US agriculture operates in a market driven economy, although government policies can have influence on what farmers produce and how the), produce it. As with other businesses, agricultural producers respond to economic incentives and disincentives, and make decisions to maximize their welfare; usually measured as net income. We examined how external economic drivers shape the type of agricultural systems that producers adopt. Specifically, we considered the influence of technological advancements, income supports embodied in farm legislation, and changes in market structure and consumer demand. Changes in technology have often favored large-scale and specialized operations. Many of the technological advancements have required large-scale production units to justify the investment. Often the technology has been commodity specific. However, there is some evidence that more diversified production units might be able to achieve economics of both scale and scope. The influence of commodity Support programs has been ambiguous. As farm legislation has evolved to decouple production decisions from program benefits, the incentives to specialize in program crops (crops that receive price and/or income benefits under federal legislation, such as corn, other grains and oil seeds) have diminished. However, wealth and risk effects. albeit small, may have promoted or inhibited the adoption of a more integrated system. The ability of producers to adopt more integrated systems has been primarily influenced by their natural resource base and proximity to markets. Changes in market structure, channels and consumer demand in the past five decades have been dramatic with consolidation and specialization in both production and marketing sectors. However, the diversity of consumer demand has also created opportunities for more integrated farm operations. There is an increasing number of consumers who have become concerned about how and where their food hits been produced. Markets for organic, locally produced. free range and the like are expected to grow. While price and income Supports may have been biased towards specialization (as these programs were targeted to specific commodities), the reduction in risk associated with the programs, has enabled producers to expand the number and diversity of their production enterprises. Furthermore, through the use of strategic alliances, cooperation among producers on it regional basis may eventually lead to greater integration and diversification than could be achieved for the individual farm operation. C1 [Halloran, J. M.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Archer, D. W.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Halloran, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM John.Halloran@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1017/S1742170508002287 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500005 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Liebig, MA Sassenrath, GF AF Hendrickson, J. R. Liebig, M. A. Sassenrath, G. F. TI Environment and integrated agricultural systems SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Shannon's diversity index; environmental limitations; sustainability; climatic change ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; SOUTHEASTERN USA; GRAIN-SORGHUM; NITROGEN; STANDS; MANURE AB Modern agriculture has done an excellent job producing food, feed and fiber for the world's growing population, but there are concerns regarding its continued ability to do so. especially with the world's limited resources. To adapt to these challenges, future agricultural systems will need to he diverse, complex and integrated. Integrated agricultural systems have many of these properties, but how they are shaped by the environment and how they shape the environment is still unclear. In this paper, we used commonly available county-level data and literature review to answer two basic questions. First, are there environmental limitations to the adoption of integrated agricultural systems? Second. do integrated agricultural systems have a lower environmental impact than more specialized systems? We focused on the Great Plains to answer these questions. Because of a lack of farm-level data. we used county-level surrogate indicators. The indicators selected were percent land base in pasture and crop diversity along a precipitation gradient in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas. Evaluated over the. four-state region, neither indicator had a strong relationship with precipitation. In the Dakotas, both percent pasture land and crop diversity suggested greater potential for agricultural integration at the mid-point of the precipitation gradient, but there was no clear trend for Kansas and Nebraska. Integrated agricultural systems have potential to reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment despite concerns with nutrient management. Despite advantages, current adoption of integrated agricultural systems appears to be limited. Future integrated agricultural systems need to work with environmental limitations rather than overcoming them and be capable of enhancing environmental quality. C1 [Hendrickson, J. R.; Liebig, M. A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Sassenrath, G. F.] USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM john.hendrickson@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1017/S1742170508002329 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500006 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, J Sassenrath, GF Archer, D Hanson, J Halloran, J AF Hendrickson, J. Sassenrath, G. F. Archer, D. Hanson, J. Halloran, J. TI Interactions in integrated US agricultural systems: The past, present and future SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dynamic-integrated production systems; economic drivers; social/political drivers; environmental drivers; technological drivers; system adaptability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMERICAN AGRICULTURE; SUSTAINABILITY; UPDATE AB During the 20th century, American agriculture underwent dramatic changes. At the beginning, farms were more diverse, dependent on animal traction, on-farm inputs and income and, after initial land grants, nearly independent of government policy. However. external issues. such as government policies, mechanization, fossil fuel costs, increased consolidation and vertical integration of markets and increased societal awareness of the environment and concern with farming practices, have Substantially altered the structure of agriculture. These external issues are significant drivers of agriculture and we grouped them into social/political, economic. environmental and technological drivers. Previous papers have examined specific effects of these drivers. Our objective is to examine how these drivers interact and influence today's agricultural systems. We developed four categories: (1) Commodity Crop Production. (2) Supply Chain Livestock Production, (3) Organic Production and (4) Extensive Livestock Production. to describe major current agricultural systems. These categories were developed as major and contrasting systems but do not represent all of American agriculture. Although it is not possible to predict the future, interactions among the various drivers will affect these systems differently. By examining multiple scenarios, We conclude the highly specialized systems (Nos. 1 and 2) are highly Vulnerable to future changes, and that developing adaptive capacity is critical for dealing with new uncertainty. Sustainable agricultural systems will need balance among various domains to be able to adapt and survive. We suggest that the concept of dynamic-integrated agricultural systems may he the best way to meet this goal because of its ability to consider multiple goals and flexible producer decision-making. C1 [Hendrickson, J.; Hanson, J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Sassenrath, G. F.] Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Archer, D.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Halloran, J.] Univ Maine, New England Plant Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA ARS, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hendrickson, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM hendricj@mandan.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 314 EP 324 DI 10.1017/S1742170507001998 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500007 ER PT J AU Hanson, JD Hendrickson, J Archer, D AF Hanson, J. D. Hendrickson, John Archer, Dave TI Challenges for maintaining sustainable agricultural systems in the United States SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE agricultural; trends; challenges; sustainability; ecosystem; service; commercialization ID FUTURE; NEED AB During the 20th century, US agriculture underwent vast transformations. The number of farmers has decreased, more farmers are relying on off-farm income, agriculture's proportion of the US GDP has declined. and a minority of non-metro Counties in the US Lire farming dependent. Agriculture's evolution Will Continue and we have identified key trends and future challenges to effectively manage our changing agricultural system. Eight Current trends in US agriculture were identified. These included: (1) increased land degradation; (2) competing land uses; (3) focus on single ecosystem serviced (4) increase in farm size: (5) movement toward commercialization; (6) genetic engineering; (7) global markets and (8) changing social structure. Future trends likely to affect agriculture include: (1) diminishing and increasingly volatile farm incomes: (2) reduced government involvement in food regulation; (3) continued transition from farming to agribusiness; (4) land-use will become a major issue: (5) increasing animal protein consumption in the US; (6) increased public input Oil livestock production practices: (17) increasing urbanization of historically rural US counties; (8) increased public concern over food safety (9) increased medicinal production from agriculture; (10) new tastes, markets and Opportunities will emerge. We further postulated that future challenges facing US agriculture might include: (1) competitive pressures; (2) Sustainable development: (3) resource conservation: and (4) research and development. Integrated agricultural systems may be flexible enough to address these challenges. However, robust principles will be needed to design adaptable integrated agricultural systems. We present a nonexclusive list of preliminary principles under the four general categories of (1) economics and economic policies: (2) environmental, (3) social and political; and (4) technological. C1 [Hanson, J. D.; Hendrickson, John] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Archer, Dave] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Hanson, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, 1701 10th Ave,SW,POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM jon@mandan.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1017/S1742170507001974 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 386QU UT WOS:000261898500008 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Rhoades, CC Heneghan, L AF Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Rhoades, Charles C. Heneghan, Liam TI A Striking Profile: Soil Ecological Knowledge in Restoration Management and Science SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE land use legacies; restoration; soil; soil ecology; soil fauna AB Available evidence suggests that research in terrestrial restoration ecology has been dominated by the engineering and botanical sciences. Because restoration science is a relatively young discipline in ecology, the theoretical framework for this discipline is under development and new theoretical offerings appear regularly in the literature. In reviewing this literature, we observed an absence of in-depth discussion of how soils, and in particular the ecology of soils, can be integrated into the developing theory of restoration science. These observations prompted us to assess the current role of soil ecological knowledge in restoration research and restoration practice. Although soils are universally regarded as critical to restoration success, and much research has included manipulations of soil variables, we found that better integration of soil ecological principles could still contribute much to the practice of ecosystem restoration. Here we offer four potential points of departure for increased dialog between restoration ecologists and soil ecologists. We hope to encourage the view that soil is a complex, heterogeneous, and vital entity and that adoption of this point of view can positively affect restoration efforts worldwide. C1 [Callaham, Mac A., Jr.] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rhoades, Charles C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Heneghan, Liam] Depaul Univ, Inst Nat & Culture, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcallaham@fs.fed.us FU U. S. Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station; U. S. Forest Service-Southern Research Station; DePaul University FX Discussions with R. Boerner, D. Coleman, L. Egerton-Warburton, J. Ehrenfeld, J. Jastrow, D. Karlan, M. Miller, G. Mueller, D. Richter, D. Wise, and several other colleagues who participated in workshop, symposium, or conference but who are not authors of articles in the special section have materially improved our thinking on the problem of incorporating soil ecology into restoration planning. We wish to acknowledge the financial support of the U. S. Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station and U. S. Forest Service-Southern Research Station. We also wish to thank DePaul University for financial support as well as for hosting the conference leading to this special section. We gratefully acknowledge the insightful comments of those who reviewed the articles appearing here, and we thank the editorial staff of Restoration Ecology for their assistance throughout the process. R. Hobbs, editor in chief, gave an excellent plenary address at the conference in Chicago and encouraged our efforts to publish these proceedings. Finally, we thank S. Yates, managing editor, for her hard work, guidance, and patience as the final product finally came to be. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00490.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377TJ UT WOS:000261273200010 ER PT J AU Heneghan, L Miller, SP Baer, S Callaham, MA Montgomery, J Pavao-Zuckerman, M Rhoades, CC Richardson, S AF Heneghan, Liam Miller, Susan P. Baer, Sara Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Montgomery, James Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell Rhoades, Charles C. Richardson, Sarah TI Integrating Soil Ecological Knowledge into Restoration Management SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ecosystem processes; feedbacks; soil ecology ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; SURFACE MINE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FOOD WEBS; DIVERSITY AB The variability in the type of ecosystem degradation and the specificity of restoration goals can challenge restorationists' ability to generalize about approaches that lead to restoration success. The discipline of soil ecology, which emphasizes both soil organisms and ecosystem processes, has generated a body of knowledge that can be generally useful in improving the outcomes of restoration despite this variability. Here, we propose that the usefulness of this soil ecological knowledge (SEK) for restoration is best considered in the context of the severity of the original perturbation, the goals of the project, and the resilience of the ecosystem to disturbance. A straightforward manipulation of single physical, chemical, or biological components of the soil system can be useful in the restoration of a site, especially when the restoration goal is loosely defined in terms of the species and processes that management seeks to achieve. These single-factor manipulations may in fact produce cascading effects on several ecosystem attributes and can result in unintended recovery trajectories. When complex outcomes are desired, intentional and holistic integration of all aspects of the soil knowledge is necessary. We provide a short roster of examples to illustrate that SEK benefits management and restoration of ecosystems and suggest areas for future research. C1 [Heneghan, Liam; Montgomery, James; Richardson, Sarah] Depaul Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Miller, Susan P.] Millroad Ecol Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Baer, Sara] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Callaham, Mac A., Jr.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rhoades, Charles C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Heneghan, L (reprint author), Depaul Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM lhenegha@depaul.edu FU National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on the article. L. Heneghan gratefully acknowledges the support of National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center during the preparation of this article. NR 121 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 608 EP 617 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00477.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377TJ UT WOS:000261273200011 ER PT J AU Barton, CD Andrews, DM Kolka, RK AF Barton, Christopher D. Andrews, Danielle M. Kolka, Randall K. TI Performance standards for wetland restoration and creation SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE argillic soil horizon; Carolina bay; restoration; wetland hydroperiod; wetland soils ID PINE FLATWOODS; COASTAL-PLAIN; CAROLINA; HYDROLOGY; FLORIDA; FOREST AB Carolina bays are shallow depression wetlands found in the southeastern United States that have been severely altered by human activity. The need to restore these complex and diverse systems is well established, but our limited understanding of wetland hydrologic processes in these systems hinders our ability to assess the effectiveness of bay restoration efforts. Carolina bays exhibit a wide range of moisture regimes from seasonally saturated to semipermanently inundated. Differing physicochemical properties of soils within bay interiors may control bay hydrology. However, previous efforts to establish relationships between soil characteristics and bay hydrology have been inconclusive. An assessment of soil and hydroperiod was initiated in 16 bays designated to be restored and 6 bays that were not restored (reference). Soil morphology was described, and permanent monitoring wells were installed at each site. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine relationships between the soil physicochemical characteristics and the bay hydroperiod for restored and reference bays in both pre- and postrestoration periods. A significant relationship (r(2) = 0.75, p = 0.02) between prerestoration hydroperiod and clay content in the argillic horizon (Bt) of the reference bays was observed. This relationship was then used to evaluate hydroperiod change in the restored bays from the postrestoration period. The relationship accurately identified sites that exhibited high prerestoration hydroperiods and did not need hydrologic restoration (n = 4) and effectively showed sites that exhibited substantial increases in hydroperiod due to the restoration activities (n = 7). C1 [Barton, Christopher D.; Andrews, Danielle M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Barton, CD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 203 Thomas Poe Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM barton@uky.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U. S. Forest Service-Savannah River [DE-IA09-00SR22188]; U. S. Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research; University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory FX This work was funded by the U. S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U. S. Forest Service-Savannah River (Financial Assistance Award DE-IA09-00SR22188). Additional support was provided by the U. S. Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research and the University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. Special thanks to D. De Steven, R. Sharitz, C. Trettin, J. Singer, J. Blake, S. Czapka, and A. Davis. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 668 EP 677 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00480.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377TJ UT WOS:000261273200018 ER PT J AU Seo, KW Son, Y Rhoades, CC Noh, NJ Koo, JW Kim, JG AF Seo, Kyung Won Son, Yowhan Rhoades, Charles C. Noh, Nam Jin Koo, Jin Woo Kim, Jeong-Gyu TI Seedling Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation of Candidate Woody Species for Revegetating Korean Mine Spoils SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heavy metal contamination; metalliferous mining; minelands; phytoremediation; reclamation; spoils; tailings ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NATIVE TREES; TAILINGS; FOREST; VEGETATION; PLANTATIONS; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY; SUCCESS; ANTS AB Selecting plant species that can overcome harsh soil and microclimatic conditions and speed the recovery of degraded minelands remains a worldwide restoration challenge. This study evaluated the potential of three woody species and various organic and inorganic fertilization treatments for revegetating abandoned metalliferous mines in Korea. We compared survival, growth, and heavy metal uptake of species common to Korean minelands in two spoil types and a reference forest soil. Substrate type and fertilization both influenced seedling growth and metal concentrations substantially, but they had little effect on seedling survival. Fertilization increased the growth of all three species when grown in mine spoils but influenced the growth of seedlings grown in forest soil only marginally. Initial seedling survival and growth indicate that the study species can tolerate the heavy metal concentrations and other soil constraints of metalliferous spoil types. We estimate that plants can stabilize 2-22% of various heavy metals contained in spoil materials into plant biomass during 20 years of plantation growth. Combined with the erosion control and site amelioration benefits of mineland reforestation, stabilization of heavy metals in forest biomass justifies this treatment on abandoned Korean metalliferous mines. C1 [Seo, Kyung Won; Son, Yowhan; Noh, Nam Jin; Koo, Jin Woo; Kim, Jeong-Gyu] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Rhoades, Charles C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Son, Y (reprint author), Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM yson@korea.ac.kr FU Korea Ministry of Environment "Eco-technopia 21 project''; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation "A3 Foresight Program.'' FX This study was financially supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment "Eco-technopia 21 project'' and by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation "A3 Foresight Program.'' We gratefully acknowledge comments from S. Yates, K. Williams, and two anonymous reviewers that improved the clarity and accuracy of the article. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 702 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00485.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377TJ UT WOS:000261273200021 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Soto, MV Ewel, JJ AF Gutierrez-Soto, Marco V. Ewel, John J. TI Water use in four model tropical plant associations established in the lowlands of Costa Rica SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Cedrela odorata; Heliconia imbricata; Euterpe oleracea; Hyeronima alchorneoides; monoculture; polyculture; tropical agro-ecosystem design; water isotopes ID NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-WATER; STABLE ISOTOPES; DRY FOREST; TREES; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; RESOURCES AB We examined soil water use patterns of four model plant associations established in the North Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica by comparing the stable hydrogen isotope composition, delta D, in xylem sap and in soil water at different depths, under rainy and dry conditions. Four 5-year-old model plant associations composed of 2 tree species (Hyeronima alchorneoides and Cedrela odorata) having different architecture and phenology were studied. Average tree height was 8.9 and 7.6 m, respectively. Each tree species was grown in monoculture and in polyculture with 2 perennial monocotyledons (Euterpe oleracea and Heliconia imbricata). Maximum rooting depth at the time of 8D determination was similar to 2 m for almost all species. Most roots of all species were concentrated in the upper soil layers. Stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(s)) was higher in the deciduous C. odorata than in the evergreen H. alchorneoides; within each species, gs did not differ when the trees were grown in mono or in polyculture. During the rainy season, gradients in soil water delta D were not observed. Average rainy season xylem sap &D did not differ among members of the plant combinations tested (-30 parts per thousand), and was more similar to 8D values of shallow soil water. Under dry conditions, volumetric soil water content declined from 50 to similar to 35%, and modest gradients in soil water &D were observed. Xylem sap delta D obtained during dry conditions was significantly lower than rainy season values. Xylem sap &D of plants growing in the four associations varied between-9 and-22 parts per thousand, indicating that shallow water was predominantly absorbed during the dry period too. Differences in xylem sap 8D of trees and monocots were also detected, but no significant patterns emerged. The results suggest that: a) the plant associations examined extracted water predominantly from shallow soil layers (<1 m), b) the natural isotopic variation in soil and plant water at the study site was low, and c) the plant mixes obtain water from more than a single soil layer simultaneously. Temporal factors were important in determining the competition and complementary relations observed among the trees and the perennial monocots. Under the prevailing environmental conditions, water use in these plant associations was determined largely by species-specific attributes such as biomass allocation to fine roots, phenology, and canopy architecture, and to a lesser extent by water limitations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1947-1957. Epub 2008 December 12. C1 [Gutierrez-Soto, Marco V.] Univ Costa Rica, Estn Expt Agr Fabio Baudrit, Alajuela, Costa Rica. [Ewel, John J.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Gutierrez-Soto, MV (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Estn Expt Agr Fabio Baudrit, POB 183-4050, Alajuela, Costa Rica. EM surdo26@racsa.co.cr; jackewel@ufl.edu FU International Foundation for Science (Sweden) [D/2462-1]; U.S. National Science Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; U.S.D.A. Forest Service FX This research was supported by grant D/2462-1 from the International Foundation for Science (Sweden) to MarcoV. Gutierrez-Soto, and support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service to J.J. Ewel. We acknowledge the assistance of Miguel Cifuentes, Ankila Hiremath, Seth Bigelow, and Proyecto Huertos staff at La Selva Biological Station, OTS. Juan Carlos Rodriguez, Lorena Hernandez and Adriana Murillo helped with sample distillation at CIPRONA, Chemistry Department, University of Costa Rica. Instituto Meteorologico Nacional de Costa Rica provided climatic data for La Selva and neighboring sites. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1947 EP 1957 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 434IK UT WOS:000265268200028 PM 19419093 ER PT J AU Schutte, BJ Regnier, EE Harrison, SK AF Schutte, Brian J. Regnier, Emilie E. Harrison, S. Kent TI The association between seed size and seed longevity among maternal families in Ambrosia trifida L. populations SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia trifida; Asteraceae; phenotypic variation; seed-bank persistence; seedling emergence timing; seed size ID GIANT RAGWEED; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; PRIMARY DORMANCY; WEED PROBLEMS; PERSISTENCE; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; PLANTS; SHAPE; CORN AB In temperate plant communities, seed size is often inversely related to seed longevity at the species level. We tested if the inverse relationship between seed size and seed longevity holds among individuals within populations of Ambrosia trifida L. (Asteraceae), a summer annual agricultural weed in the eastern United States Corn Belt that typically emerges in two successive flushes: one before 1 May and one after 1 May. The effects of maternal phenotype on seed morphology, seed weight, late emergence (emergence after 1 May) and seedbank persistence were determined in two 1-year experiments. All seeds were collected from individuals at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. Sixty seeds per collection were used in the analysis. Despite fluctuating environmental conditions during seed development, seed weight within maternal families remained constant for different maturation times. Differences among families constituted 69% of total variation in seed weight, whereas differences within maternal families composed 31% of the variation in seed weight. Percentage late emergence and percentage seed-bank persistence varied among maternal families. In four maternal families, either 0% or 100% of seedlings emerged after 1 May, but a majority of other maternal families produced seedlings both before and after 1 May. Seed-bank persistence rates ranged from 1 to 51% among maternal families. Percentage late emergence and percentage seed-bank persistence were inversely related to maternal-family mean seed weight in 2006, but not in 2005. These results suggest that the inverse relationship between seed size and seed longevity occurs among individuals of a population, but is affected by the environment. C1 [Schutte, Brian J.; Regnier, Emilie E.; Harrison, S. Kent] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schutte, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM brian.schutte@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (USDA-CSREES-NRI) FX This research was funded in part by the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (USDA-CSREES-NRI) Weedy and Invasive Species Program. Salaries and research support were provided by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University. Journal article no. 08-09. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 32 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1017/S0960258508082974 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 394FI UT WOS:000262430900003 ER PT J AU Zabaloy, MC Lehman, RM Frey, SD Garland, JL AF Zabaloy, Maria C. Lehman, R. Michael Frey, Serita D. Garland, Jay L. TI Optimization of an oxygen-based approach for community-level physiological profiling of soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil testing; BD oxygen biosensor system; Community-level physiological profiling (CLPP); Soil slurry; N limitation; Fungal respiration ID SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION PATTERNS; CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL BIOMASS; MICROTITER PLATE; DIVERSITY; AVAILABILITY; AGGREGATION; INHIBITION; GRASSLAND AB Current approaches for rapid assessment of carbon source utilization by whole soil communities (i.e., community-level physiological profiling or CLPP) provide a limited, biased view of microbial communities with little connection to in situ activities. We developed an alternative CLPP approach based upon fluorometric detection of dissolved oxygen consumption in a microtiter platform which offers flexible manipulation of experimental factors. In the attempt to reduce oxygen re-dissolution, the wells were filled with liquid to very near the top and sealed. We found that filling the wells with 240 vs. 150 pi of sample improved the sensitivity of the system to discern both the response to a substrate amendment as low as 10 mg l(-1) and un-amended, endogenous respiration. The preparation of a soil slurry facilitates inoculation into the microplate. Disruption of soil samples had a limited effect on the endogenous respiration in comparison to intact soil microbags in a 24-well microplate. Storage time (up to 33 days) reduced the level of activity in intact soil microbags but not in disrupted samples. A microcosm fertilization experiment was set to study the effects of N availability on the respiratory response in the plates. The use of soil organic carbon (SOC) and amended C-substrates (50 mg l(-1)) was increased by the addition of nitrogen (N) in the plate, and appeared N-limited shortly after microcosm fertilization. The addition of the eukaryotic inhibitor cycloheximide delayed the initial increase in fluorescence (time to minimum response) of several C sources (casein, acetate, asparagine, coumaric acid), varying among soils, which could be explained by the fungal use of these compounds. However, the extent of the inhibition caused by cycloheximide did not increase at higher fungal to bacteria ratios as estimated by PLFA analysis, indicating that the direct estimation of the fungal biomass from cycloheximide addition is not feasible. This paper provides an optimized, standardized protocol for soil analysis, and sets the basis for further validation studies that will continue to define the underlying capabilities/biases of this approach. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garland, Jay L.] Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Frey, Serita D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lehman, R. Michael] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Zabaloy, Maria C.] S Natl Univ, Dept Agron, Ctr Renewable Resources Semiarid Reg CERZOS, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Garland, JL (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM jay.l.garland@nasa.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 FU USDA CREES NRI FX This study was partially supported by an USDA CREES NRI Soil Processes Progam Award. Maria C. Zabaloy holds a fellowship from CONICET (Argentina). We thank Martin De Lucia (UNS), Mel Knorr (UNH), John Catechis and Shea Dunifon (Dynamac, KSC) for assisting us with soil sampling and analysis. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2960 EP 2969 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.015 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 381GX UT WOS:000261524900007 ER PT J AU Jung, WK Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Kremer, RJ AF Jung, Won Kyo Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Kremer, Robert J. TI Contrasting grain crop and grassland management effects on soil quality properties for a north-central Missouri claypan soil landscape SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE claypan soils; conservation reserve program; cropping system; landscape; soil quality ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NO-TILL; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; AGGREGATE STABILITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; BULK-DENSITY; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB Crop management has the potential to either enhance or degrade soil quality, which in turn impacts on crop production and the environment. Few studies have investigated how crop management affects soil quality over different landscape positions. The objective of the present study was to investigate how 12 years of annual cropping system (ACS) and conservation reserve program (CRP) practices impacted soil quality indicators at summit, backslope and footslope landscape positions of a claypan soil in north-central Missouri. Claypan soils are particularly poorly drained because of a restrictive high-clay subsoil layer and are vulnerable to high water erosion. Three replicates of four management systems were established in 1991 in a randomized complete block design, with landscape position as a split-block treatment. The management systems were investigated: (1) annual cropping system 1 (ACS1) was a mulch tillage (typically >= 30% of soil covered with residue after tillage operations) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation system, (2) annual cropping system 2 (ACS2) was a no-till corn-soybean rotation system, (3) annual cropping system 3 (ACS3) was a no-till corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system, with a cover crop following wheat, (4) CRP was a continuous cool-season grass and legume system. In 2002, soil cores (at depths of 0-7.5, 7.5-15 and 15-30 cm) were collected by landscape position and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological soil quality properties. No interactions were observed between landscape and crop management. Relative to management effects, soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly increased with 12 years of CRP management, but not with the other management systems. At the 0-7.5-cm soil depth in the CRP system, SOC increased over this period by 33% and soil total nitrogen storage increased by 34%. Soil aggregate stability was approximately 40% higher in the no-till management systems (ACS2 and ACS3) than in the tilled system (ACS1). Soil aggregation under CRP management was more than double that of the three grain-cropping systems. Soil bulk density at the shallow sampling depth was greater in ACS3 than in ACS1 and ACS2. In contrast to studies on other soil types, these results indicate only minor changes to claypan soil quality after 12 years of no-till management. The landscape had minor effects on the soil properties. Of note, SOC was significantly lower in the 7.5-15-cm soil depth at the footslope compared with the other landscape positions. We attribute this to wetter and more humid conditions at this position and extended periods of high microbial activity and SOC mineralization. We conclude that claypan soils degraded by historical cropping practices will benefit most from the adoption of CRP or CRP-like management. C1 [Kitchen, Newell R.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.; Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jung, Won Kyo] Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM newell.kitchen@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 960 EP 971 DI 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00314.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 382OQ UT WOS:000261615700015 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Fouss, JL Prior, SA AF Kornecki, T. S. Fouss, J. L. Prior, S. A. TI A portable device to measure soil erosion/deposition in quarter-drains SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil erosion; portable erosion meter; quarter-drain; surface drainage ID PROFILE METER; ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS AB Assessment of soil loss/deposition from quarter-drains (drainage ditches perpendicular to furrows) at specific locations or determining sediment transport within ditch systems following a rainfall event is difficult and time consuming. Automatic samplers are stationary and usually located at the end of plots to assess total sediment loss from a whole area. However, to quantify changes to cross-sectional areas at specific points within a ditch system, a portable measuring tool is required. To precisely assess soil erosion along the length of a quarter-drain, a portable device was designed and tested under typical field conditions. One person can effectively operate the device and because of its low cost, it is ideal for cases where budget constraints exist. The tool can measure depths up to 500 mm and easily be modified for usage with large ditches. The device was successfully employed in the spring and summer of 2003 and 2004 where it was utilized after rainfall events to assess soil erosion/deposition from quarter-drains on sugarcane fields in southern Louisiana. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Prior, S. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Fouss, J. L.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00181.x PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 375JA UT WOS:000261108800011 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Perera, OP Groot, A Hernandez, G Teran-Vargas, AP AF Blanco, Carlos A. Perera, Omaththage P. Groot, Astrid Hernandez, Gerardo Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. TI Paternity Allocation in a Mutant Heliothis virescens Colony SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPERM PRECEDENCE; TOBACCO BUDWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH; FEMALES; COMPETITION; POLYANDRY; NOCTUIDAE; DETERMINANTS; BUTTERFLIES AB Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), females can copulate multiple times creating the possibility for sperm competition. We used a colony lacking wild pigmentation on the wings (albino-type) for an experiment in which females double mated. Females copulated 2 days apart with two, 2-day-old males, one albino-type and one wild-type, or in the opposite sequence. A third of the females produced offspring from the first mate, and this group was significantly biased toward producing albino-type compared to wild-type progeny. A fourth of the females produced offspring from the second male exclusively and within this group was a significant bias toward wild-type compared to albino-type progeny. Almost half of the females produced offspring sired in equal proportions by both males simultaneously or in alternated paternities throughout all the reproductive life. These results suggest that regardless of the order in which moths mated, wild-type sperm had potential superior competitiveness. Therefore, sperm precedence is not the main driving force behind the paternity allocation mechanism in this strain of tobacco budworm. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Perera, Omaththage P.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Groot, Astrid] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hernandez, Gerardo] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Ixtapalapa, Dept Matemat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Groot, Astrid/A-8954-2013 OI Groot, Astrid/0000-0001-9595-0161 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.4.253 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390XQ UT WOS:000262197400001 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Sechler, A Claflin, LE Vidaver, AK Jones, JB Agarkova, I Ignatov, A Dickstein, E Ramundo, BA AF Schaad, Norman W. Postnikova, Elena Sechler, Aaron Claflin, Larry E. Vidaver, Anne K. Jones, Jeffrey B. Agarkova, Irina Ignatov, Alexander Dickstein, Ellen Ramundo, Bruce A. TI Reclassification of subspecies of Acidovorax avenae as A. Avenae (Manns 1905) emend., A. cattleyae (Pavarino, 1911) comb. nov., A. citrulli Schaad et al., 1978) comb. nov., and proposal of A. oryzae sp nov. SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acidovorax; Taxonomy; 16S and ITS sequencing; AFLP; Phenotypic tests; DNA/DNA reassociation; Emendation ID PSEUDOMONAS-AVENAE; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; CAUSAL AGENT; SEQUENCE; SYNONYMY; KONJACI; DISEASE; COMPLEX; STRIPE; MILLET AB The bacterium Acidovorax avenae causes disease in a wide range of economically important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, including corn, rice, watermelon, anthurium, and orchids. Genotypic and phenotypic relatedness among strains of phytopathogenic A. avenae subsp. avenae. A. avenae subsp. citrulli, A. avenae subsp. cattleyae and A. konjaci, as well as all other Acidovorax species, including A. facilis, the type strain of Acidovorax, was determined. The 16s rDNA sequencing confirmed previous studies showing the environmental species to be very distant from the phytopathogenic species. DNA/DNA reassociation assays on the different strains of A. avenae revealed four (A, B, C, and D) distinct genotypes. Taxon A included six A. avenae subsp. avenae strains from corn that had a mean reciprocal similarity of 81%; taxon B included six A. avenae subsp. avenae strains from rice that had a mean reciprocal similarity of 97%; taxon C contained 11 A. avenae subsp. citrulli strains from cucurbits (cantaloupe, watermelon, and pumpkin) that had a mean reciprocal similarity of 88%, and taxon D contained four A. avenae subsp. cattleyae strains from orchids that had a mean similarity of 98%. The mean reciprocal relatedness between taxa A, 13, C, and D was less than 70%. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer region, as well as AFLP analysis, revealed the same four taxa. All four were easily differentiated phenotypically from each other and from all other recognized Acidovorax species. Strains of A. avenae did not contain 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, which was found in all other species. On the basis of these and previous genetic and phenotypic results, we propose an emendation of the species A. avenae. A. avenae subsp. citrulli (C strains) and A. avenae subsp. cattleyae (D strains) should be elevated to species rank as A. citrulli and A. cattleyae, respectively. We further propose a new taxon for the B strains, A. oryzae sp. nov. with FC-143(T) = ICPB 30003(T) = ICMP 3960(T) = ATCC 19882(T) as the type strain. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Schaad, Norman W.; Postnikova, Elena; Sechler, Aaron] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Claflin, Larry E.; Ramundo, Bruce A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Vidaver, Anne K.; Agarkova, Irina] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jones, Jeffrey B.; Dickstein, Ellen] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ignatov, Alexander] Ctr Bioengn RAS, Moscow, Russia. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/L-3438-2013 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0003-2948-753X NR 56 TC 58 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6-8 BP 434 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.09.003 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 385UV UT WOS:000261840000003 PM 18993005 ER PT J AU Hu, SW Bai, GH Carver, B Zhang, DD AF Hu, Sheng-Wu Bai, Gui-Hua Carver, Brett F. Zhang, Da-Dong TI Diverse origins of aluminum-resistance sources in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; TOLERANCE GENE; BREAD WHEAT; MALATE TRANSPORTER; CULTIVAR ATLAS-66; ACID SOILS; ALMT1 GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint for wheat production in acidic soils. Wheat producers now routinely use Al-resistant cultivars as one cost-effective means to reduce risks associated with acidic soils. To date, diverse Al-resistant materials have been identified, but their genetic relationship has not been well characterized. A total of 57 wheat accessions, including the majority of the parents of Al-resistant accessions we identified in a previous study, were evaluated for Al resistance and analyzed with 49 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 4 markers for Al-activated malate transporter (ALMT1). Pedigree and principle coordinate analysis (PCA) both separated Al-resistant accessions into four groups labeled according to common ancestry or geographical origin: US-Fultz, Polyssu, Mexican and Chinese. Al resistance in the four groups may have three independent origins given their distinct geographic origins and gene pools. Fultz originated in the USA as a major ancestor to soft red winter wheat, Polyssu originated in Brazil as a major source of Al resistance used in most genetic studies worldwide, and the Chinese group originated in China. Based on ALMT1 marker haplotypes, the Al resistance in the Polyssu and Mexico groups was likely derived from Polyssu, while most Al-resistant cultivars developed in the USA most likely inherited most of Al resistance from Fultz. Fultz was released about 50 years earlier than Polyssu. Norin 10 likely played a pivotal role in passing Al-resistant gene(s) from Fultz to better adapted, semi-dwarf wheat cultivars developed in the USA. Further characterization of Al resistance in the three different sources could reveal multiple Al-resistant mechanisms in wheat. C1 [Bai, Gui-Hua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hu, Sheng-Wu; Bai, Gui-Hua; Zhang, Da-Dong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hu, Sheng-Wu] NW A&F Univ, Coll Agron, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service; Coordinated Agricultural Project [2006-55606-16629] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. J. Yu, Dr. P. St. Amand and Dr. L. Zhou from the USDA Small Grain Genotyping Center at Kansas State University for their technical assistance in marker data analysis. This project is partly funded by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. This is contribution No. 08-171-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 118 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0874-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 371OM UT WOS:000260840600003 PM 18787805 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Chao, S Anderson, J AF Liu, Sixin Chao, Shiaoman Anderson, James A. TI New DNA markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; STORAGE PROTEINS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; GLU-B1 LOCUS; PCR MARKERS; D-GENOME; GENE; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; ALLELE AB End-use quality is one of the priorities of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. Even though quality is a complex trait, high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins play a major role in determining the bread making quality of wheat. DNA markers developed from the sequences of HMW glutenin genes were reported in several previous studies to facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, most of the previously available markers are dominant and amplify large DNA fragments, and thus are not ideal for high throughput genotyping using modern equipment. The objective of this study was to develop and validate co-dominant markers suitable for high throughput MAS for HMW glutenin subunits encoded at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci. Indels were identified by sequence alignment of allelic HMW glutenin genes, and were targeted to develop locus-specific co-dominant markers. Marker UMN19 was developed by targeting an 18-bp deletion in the coding sequence of subunit Ax2* of Glu-A1. A single DNA fragment was amplified by marker UMN19, and was placed onto chromosome 1AL. Sixteen wheat cultivars with known HMW glutenin subunits were used to validate marker UMN19. The cultivars with subunit Ax2* amplified the 362-bp fragment as expected, and a 344-bp fragment was observed for cultivars with subunit Ax1 or the Ax-null allele. Two co-dominant markers, UMN25 and UMN26, were developed for Glu-D1 by targeting the fragment size polymorphic sites between subunits Dx2 and Dx5, and between Dy10 and Dy12, respectively. The 16 wheat cultivars with known HMW glutenin subunit composition were genotyped with markers UMN25 and UMN26, and the genotypes perfectly matched their subunit types. Using an Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzer, four F(2) populations segregating for the Glu-A1 or Glu-D1 locus were successfully genotyped with primers UMN19, UMN25 and UMN26 labeled with fluorescent dyes. C1 [Liu, Sixin; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu NR 35 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 118 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0886-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 371OM UT WOS:000260840600015 PM 18797838 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Amirav, A Fialkov, AB Alon, T Martos, PA de Kok, A Fernandez-Alba, AR AF Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Amirav, Aviv Fialkov, Alexander B. Alon, Tal Martos, Perry A. de Kok, Andre Fernandez-Alba, Amadeo R. TI Identification and confirmation of chemical residues in food by chromatography-mass spectrometry and other techniques SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Confirmation; Food; Gas chromatography; Identification; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Method validation; Pesticide residue; Qualitative analysis; Tandem mass spectrometry ID SUPERSONIC MOLECULAR-BEAMS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; DRUG RESIDUES; GC-MS; ACRYLAMIDE; SOFTWARE; CRITERIA AB A quantitative answer cannot exist in analysis without a qualitative component to give enough confidence that the result meets the analytical needs (i.e. the result relates to the analyte and not something else). just as a quantitative method must typically undergo an empirical validation process to demonstrate that it is fit for purpose, qualitative methods should also empirically demonstrate that they are suitable to meet the analytical needs. However, thorough qualitative method validation requires analysis of a great number of samples (possibly more than can be reasonably done), which is generally avoided due to the time and the effort involved. Instead, mass spectrometry (MS) is generally assumed to be the gold standard for qualitative methods, and its results are typically unquestioned. For example, a system was developed by European regulators of veterinary drug residues in food animals (2002/657/EC), in which the number of identification points given in MS analyses depends on the general degree of selectivity of the MS technique used. This well-defined approach gives a definite answer for decision-makers, so it has grown in popularity. However, the identification-points system is not scientific. The reality is that each situation requires information gathering and careful deductive thinking on the part of the analyst to make MS identifications. Rather than devise arbitrary requirements that need to be met by an unthinking analyst, we remind the analytical community that confirmation can be given only if two or more independent analyses are in agreement, preferably using orthogonally selective (independent) chemical mechanisms. In this article, we discuss the proper use of terminology, highlight the identification power of various MS techniques, demonstrate how MS identifications can fail if precautions are not taken, and re-assert the value of basic confirmation practices, qualitative method validation, information checklists, routine quality-control procedures, and blind proficiency-test analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Amirav, Aviv; Fialkov, Alexander B.; Alon, Tal] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Martos, Perry A.] Univ Guelph, Lab Serv, Guelph, ON N1H 8J7, Canada. [de Kok, Andre] Pesticides & Mycotoxins Anal R&D Grp, Chem Lab, VWA Food & Consumer Prod Safety Author, NL-1018 BK Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Fernandez-Alba, Amadeo R.] Univ Almeria, Dept Hydrogeol & Analyt Chem, Almeria 04071, Spain. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov FU Israel Science Foundation [1172/07]; James Franck Center for Laser Matter Interaction Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Ministry of Science, Culture, Sport of the State of Israel; Karlsruhe Research Center (FZK), Germany FX We thank Lutz Alder, David Heller, Eugenia Soboleva, Charles Stafford and Stephen Stein for their participation in discussions. This research was supported in part by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1172/07). This research was further supported by the James Franck Center for Laser Matter Interaction Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA, and a grant from the Ministry of Science, Culture, Sport of the State of Israel, and Karlsruhe Research Center (FZK), Germany. NR 63 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1070 EP 1090 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2008.10.004 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 386GM UT WOS:000261870300015 ER PT J AU Serapiglia, MJ Minocha, R Minocha, SC AF Serapiglia, Michelle J. Minocha, Rakesh Minocha, Subhash C. TI Changes in polyamines, inorganic ions and glutamine synthetase activity in response to nitrogen availability and form in red spruce (Picea rubens) SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acidic deposition; nitrogen assimilation ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; POPLAR CELLS; METABOLISM; AMMONIUM; STRESS; SATURATION; SEEDLINGS; ALUMINUM AB We analyzed effects of nitrogen availability and form on growth rates, concentrations of: polyamines and inorganic ions and glUtarnine synthetase activity in in-vitro-cultured red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) cells. Growth rates, concentrations of polyamines and glutamine synthetase activity declined when either the amount of nitrate or the total amount of N in the Culture medium was reduced. When total N in the medium was increased, cell mass increased without significant changes in glutamine synthetase activity or polyamine concentration. Reductions in the amount of nitrate or total N in the culture medium resulted in increased accumulations of Ca, Mn and Zn in the cells, and K accumulation decreased in response to decreasing nitrate:ammonium ratios. The data indicate that changes in total N availability as well as the forms of N play important roles in the physiological responses of in-vitro-grown red spruce cells that mimic the observed responses of forest trees to soil N deficiency and N fertilization. C1 [Serapiglia, Michelle J.; Minocha, Subhash C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Rakesh] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, SC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM sminocha@unh.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1793 EP 1803 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 377XA UT WOS:000261284300004 PM 19193562 ER PT J AU McClenahan, SD Burek, KA Beckmen, KB Knowles, NJ Neill, JD Romero, CH AF McClenahan, Shasta D. Burek, Kathy A. Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Knowles, Nick J. Neill, John D. Romero, Carlos H. TI Genomic characterization of novel marine vesiviruses from Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) from Alaska SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caliciviridae; Vesivirus; Steller sea lion; Novel genotypes; Full genomes ID CALICIVIRUS CAPSID PRECURSOR; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA; PRIMATE CALICIVIRUS; 1ST ISOLATION; PROTEIN GENE; PAN-PANISCUS; SWINE VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION AB Marine vesiviruses were isolated in cell culture from oral and rectal swabs and vesicular fluid from Alaskan Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus). Further characterization by RT-PCR, complete genomic sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses are most closely related to the marine vesiviruses, but are distinct viruses and represent two novel genotypes. The complete genome of these two SSL isolates was sequenced after cloning their viral cDNA. The genomes were found to be 8302 and 8305 nucleotides in length, organized in three open reading frames and contained 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of 19 and 180 nucleotides, respectively. The complete genomes of both SSL viruses were most closely related to each other and shared 83.0% nucleotide identity. Using the very limited number of complete genomic vesivirus sequences available in the NCBI database, these novel SSL vesiviruses seem most closely related to vesicular exanthema of swine virus-A48 and least related to rabbit vesivirus and walrus calicivirus. Specific antiserum against some evolutionary closer marine vesiviruses did not neutralize these isolates supporting the novel nature of these SSL viruses. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McClenahan, Shasta D.; Romero, Carlos H.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Burek, Kathy A.; Knowles, Nick J.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Knowles, Nick J.] Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Surrey, England. [Neill, John D.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Romero, CH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, 2015 SW 16th Ave,Bldg 1017, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM romeroc@vetmed.ufl.edu FU University of Florida [6402-181-L0-C]; Center for Biological Defense, University of South Florida [6402-181-L0-C]; Office of Naval Research [DAAD13-01-C-0043]; Marine Mammal Health Program; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce [782-1889] FX This research was funded by sub agreement No. 6402-181-L0-C between the University of Florida and the Center for Biological Defense, University of South Florida, under contract No. DAAD13-01-C-0043 of the Office of Naval Research. SDM was funded by the Marine Mammal Health Program and the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida. Tissues, lesions, and swabs from Steller sea lions were harvested under permit numbers 358-1564-03 and 782-1889 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce. We would like to acknowledge the original source of the SMSV serotypes, Dr. Alvin W. Smith from the Laboratory of Calicivirus Studies, Corvallis, Oregon. We also thank Dr. Kim Green and Dr. Stanislav Sosnovtsev of the National Institutes of Health for their advice and technical assistance in various aspects of our work. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.08.002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 382EC UT WOS:000261586900004 PM 18765261 ER PT J AU Borca, MV Gudmundsdottir, I Fernandez-Sainz, IJ Holinka, LG Risatti, GR AF Borca, Manuel V. Gudmundsdottir, Ingigerdur Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio J. Holinka, Lauren G. Risatti, Guillermo R. TI Patterns of cellular gene expression in swine macrophages infected with highly virulent classical swine fever virus strain Brescia SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Classical swine fever virus; Virulence; Pathogenesis; Swine macrophages; Gene expression; Host cells ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; N-PRO; DENDRITIC CELLS; LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; E-RNS; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION; STIMULATORY FACTOR AB Experimental exposure of swine to highly virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain Brescia causes an invariably fatal disease of all infected animals by 8-14 days post-infection. Host mechanisms involved in this severe outcome of infection have not been clearly established. To understand these mechanisms, we analyzed the response of primary cultured swine macrophages, a CSFV primary target cell, to infection with Brescia strain. Steady state levels of mRNA accumulation were assessed for 58 genes involved in modulation of the host immune response, at 24 and 48 h post-infection (hpi), by means of quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR analysis (qrt-PCR). Eighteen genes showed altered expression upon infection with CSFV strain Brescia including: cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-12p35): cytokine receptors (IL-2R alpha, IL-12R beta, and TGF-beta IIIR); chemokines (IL-8, AMCF-1, AMCF-2, MCP-2. and RANTES); interferons (INF alpha and INF beta); and toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR5, TLR9, and TLR10). Although these genes are associated with mechanisms of innate immune response and antiviral activity, their altered expression does not curtail CSFV Brescia growth kinetics and virus yield in swine macrophages. Data gathered here suggests that the observed gene expression profile might explain immunological and pathological changes associated with virulent CSFV infections. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gudmundsdottir, Ingigerdur; Risatti, Guillermo R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06498 USA. [Borca, Manuel V.; Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio J.; Holinka, Lauren G.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Risatti, GR (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 N Eagleville Rd,Unit 3089, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRI) at the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), US Department of Agriculture [2006-01614] FX This study was partially supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRI) at the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), US Department of Agriculture (Proposal # 2006-01614). We thank Ms Melanie Prarat for editing this manuscript. NR 78 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.08.009 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 382EC UT WOS:000261586900011 PM 18796318 ER PT J AU Sekyiamah, K Kim, H McConnell, LL Torrents, A Ramirez, M AF Sekyiamah, Kweku Kim, Hyunook McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba Ramirez, Mark TI Identification of Seasonal Variations in Volatile Sulfur Compound Formation and Release from the Secondary Treatment System at a Large Wastewater Treatment Plant SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhabition and Conference CY 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE Reduced sulfur compound; volatile sulfur compound; dimethylsulfide; dimethyldisulfide; odor; wastewater treatment ID GC-MS IDENTIFICATION; PHILADELPHIA; SEPTICITY AB The purpose of this study was to identify, quantify, and determine source locations of significant volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) associated with the activated sludge treatment process at a large wastewater treatment plant. Flux chamber and wastewater headspace sampling techniques were used to capture odorous gases followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Olfactometric analysis corroborated the results from the chemical analysis. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) concentrations in wastewater were strongly correlated with sludge blanket depth [DMDS: r = 0.86 (p < 0.001, df = 24) and DMS: r = 0.72 ( p < 0.001, df = 24)]. A strong statistical correlation also was established between concentrations of these two odorants in the gas samples and the recognition odor concentration [DMS: r = 0.85 (p < 0.001, df = 13) and DMDS: r = 0.81 (p < 0.001, df = 13)]. Results indicate that settled sludge in the anoxic environment of the secondary sedimentation basin is the most important contributor to the formation of VSCs in the activated sludge treatment system. Water Environ. Res., 80, 2261 ( 2008). C1 [Sekyiamah, Kweku] PBS&J, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. [Kim, Hyunook] Univ Seoul, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ramirez, Mark] Dist Columbia Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC USA. RP Sekyiamah, K (reprint author), PBS&J, 12101 Indian Creek Court, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. EM ksekyiamah@gmail.com RI Kim, Hyunook/C-9316-2012 OI Kim, Hyunook/0000-0003-1256-480X NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 2261 EP 2267 DI 10.2175/106143008X304677 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 384BM UT WOS:000261718600009 PM 19146104 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, TJ Scott, SA Ormsbee, PC Zinck, JM AF Rodhouse, Thomas J. Scott, Shonene A. Ormsbee, Patricia C. Zinck, Jan M. TI FIELD IDENTIFICATION OF MYOTIS YUMANENSIS AND MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS: A MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Myotis yumanensis; Myotis lucifugus; Chiroptera; bats; Oregon; identification ID VESPERTILIONID BATS AB Myotis lucifigus and Myotis yumanensis are 2 species of bats subject to potentially high rates of misidentification because they are often difficult to differentiate in the hand under field conditions. We tested the utility of a suite of external morphological characteristics frequently cited in regional keys to differentiate the 2 species in the field. Forearm length, dorsal pelage sheen, ear color, and forehead slope were examined from 101 bats captured in central Oregon during 2002-2003. Post hoc genetic analysis was performed on tissue samples collected from the 101 bats to confirm identification. Forearm lengths overlapped considerably between species. Only 18% of M. yumanensis and 17% of M. lucifugus were correctly identified with probability >= 95% using forearm length alone. Pelage sheen, ear color, and forehead slope successfully identified 96%, 82%, and 77% of individual bats, respectively. When forearm length was considered together with other traits, identification rates ranged from 92% to 20%. Ability to correctly identify M. yumanensis was 2-6 times greater than for M. lucifugus. Pelage sheen was useful in our study; however, using this character required a subjective decision from the observer, and the result often contradicted other characters for species identification stated in regional keys. For these reasons, we recommend that morphological features be used judiciously and only as supportive criteria for field identification in combination with voucher echolocation calls and genetic confirmation. C1 [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Cent Oregon Community Coll, Bend, OR 97701 USA. [Scott, Shonene A.; Zinck, Jan M.] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Ormsbee, Patricia C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Cent Oregon Community Coll, 2600 NW Coll Way, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM tom_rod-house@nps.gov OI Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory and Monitoring Program; Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; USDA Forest Service; K. Hyde of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument FX This project was conducted as part of several larger projects that were supported by the National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, the Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, and the USDA Forest Service. K. Hyde of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument provided additional support and funding. We are grateful for the substantial field support provided by M. McCaffrey and M. Smith and for laboratory support provided by D. Duffield, B. Hull, and L. Patrick. We thank the associate editor, 2 anonymous reviewers, and T. Weller for their many helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.3398/1527-0904-68.4.437 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395AU UT WOS:000262495200002 ER PT J AU DeWoody, J Rowe, CA Hipkins, VD Mock, KE AF DeWoody, Jennifer Rowe, Carol A. Hipkins, Valerie D. Mock, Karen E. TI "PANDO" LIVES: MOLECULAR GENETIC EVIDENCE OF A GIANT ASPEN CLONE IN CENTRAL UTAH SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE aspen; clone; microsatellite ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; AMERICAN ASPENS; QUAKING ASPEN; ELEVATED CO2; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; MARKERS AB While clones of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides, Miehx.) in the Intermountain West of North America are expected to be large, one putative genet in central Utah, identified from morphological evidence, has garnered particular attention for its size, even gaining the nickname "Pando" (Latin for "I spread"). In order to determine if a single genetic individual coincides with the morphological boundary of "Pando," we sampled 209 stems on a 50-m grid throughout the putative clone for analysis at 7 microsatellite loci. We have identified a single genetic entity concurrrent with that described from morphological characteristics. Spatial analyses indicate that the clone covers approximately 43.6 ha. Surprisingly, an additional 40 genotypes were identified adjacent to the putative clone, indicating that genet diversity may be high in the stand as a whole. In confirming the existence of the "Pando" clone, we suggest that this organism will provide valuable opportunities to study important biological processes such as clonal growth, somatic mutation, and senescence. C1 [DeWoody, Jennifer; Hipkins, Valerie D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Rowe, Carol A.; Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP DeWoody, J (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Bldg 62,Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England. EM j.dewoody@soton.ac.uk RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011; DeWoody, James/C-4909-2008 OI DeWoody, James/0000-0002-7315-5631 FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Community University Research Initiative; Utah State University ADVANCE Program FX We thank Ricardo Hernandaz, Kristin Motz, Robert C. Saich, Brian and Anna Cardall, Sean Kelly, Olivia Salmon, and the Mock family (Jon, Jerrell, and Kelton) for assistance with sample collections and in the laboratory We also thank Bob Campbell and Dale Bartos for their encouragement and support. This study was funded in part by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, the Community University Research Initiative, and the Utah State University ADVANCE Program. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 37 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.3398/1527-0904-68.4.493 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395AU UT WOS:000262495200008 ER PT J AU Lapolla, JS Burwell, C Brady, SG Miller, DR AF Lapolla, John S. Burwell, Chris Brady, Sean G. Miller, Douglass R. TI A new ortheziid (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from Australia associated with Acropyga myops Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and a key to Australian Ortheziidae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE mealybug; trophobiosis; trophophoresy ID SCALE INSECTS AB A peculiar new genus of Ortheziidae is described from Queensland, Australia. Acropygorthezia williamsi LaPolla & Miller, n. gen. & sp. was discovered in two localities in the nests of Acropyga myops. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the adult female, adult male, first-instar nymph, prepupa, and pupa; descriptions only are provided for the second- and third-instar nymphs. Prior to this study, Acropyga ants were known to enter into trophobiotic relationships only with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Therefore, this study represents the first non-mealybug association between a scale insect and Acropyga. The new ortheziid genus has a number of unusual morphological attributes: no definite wax plates; no ovisac; an anal ring lacking setae and pores, located dorsally in the middle of the abdomen; simple, large metasternal and mesosternal apophyses; numerous spines over the body, and various instars that are so similar that they are difficult to separate. These characteristics may represent adaptations to its relationship with ants. A key is provided to the Australian Ortheziidae. C1 [Lapolla, John S.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21251 USA. [Burwell, Chris] Queensland Museum, Biodivers Program, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Miller, Douglass R.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lapolla, JS (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21251 USA. EM jlapolla@towson.edu; chris.burwell@qm.qld.gov.au; bradys@si.edu; dmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov FU NSF [EF-0431330] FX We give special thanks to Nate Hardy, University of California, Davis, for first diagnosing this unusual scale insect as an ortheziid. We are grateful to Nit Malikul, Systematic Entomology Laboratory for preparing the slide-mounted specimens. Jeff Wright ( Queensland Museum) kindly provided us with photos of ants and scales. We thank the Brisbane City Council for supporting the initial field surveys that ultimately led to the discovery of Acropygorthezia. We thank Gary Miller and Matt Buffington of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Douglas J. Williams, Natural History Museum, London, Penny Gullan and Nate Hardy, University of California, Davis for detailed reviews of the manuscript. SGB is supported by NSF grant EF-0431330. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 1 PY 2008 IS 1946 BP 55 EP 68 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 380GN UT WOS:000261454300003 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Rhee, HJ Elliot, WJ AF Foltz, Randy B. Rhee, Hakjun Elliot, William J. TI Modeling changes in rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; forestry; sediment depletion; overland flow; simulation; Idaho ID UNPAVED MOUNTAIN ROADS; DYNAMIC ERODIBILITY; NORTHERN THAILAND; SEDIMENT; EROSION; DETACHMENT; KINEROS2; RUNOFF; SOIL AB This study investigated the effect of cumulative overland flow on rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads in central Idaho. Rill erodibility decreased exponentially with increasing cumulative overland flow depth; however, critical shear stress did not change. The study demonstrated that road erodibility on the studied road changes over the course of one or more consecutive overland flow events. Therefore, model simulations that fail to take into consideration this change will probably over-estimate sediment yields. An exponential function describing the relationship between rill erodibility and cumulative overland flow depth is presented as a basis for future model development for simulating erosion on native surface roads. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Foltz, Randy B.; Elliot, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Rhee, Hakjun] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 24 BP 4783 EP 4788 DI 10.1002/hyp.7092 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 376YM UT WOS:000261218900010 ER PT J AU Perumal, R Nimmakayala, P Erattaimuthu, SR No, EG Reddy, UK Prom, LK Odvody, GN Luster, DG Magill, CW AF Perumal, Ramasamy Nimmakayala, Padmavathi Erattaimuthu, Saradha R. No, Eun-Gyu Reddy, Umesh K. Prom, Louis K. Odvody, Gary N. Luster, Douglas G. Magill, Clint W. TI Simple sequence repeat markers useful for sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) and related species SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROSATELLITE ISOLATION; GENUS PERONOSCLEROSPORA; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; PEARL-MILLET; DNA; VARIABILITY; MAIZE AB Background: A recent outbreak of sorghum downy mildew in Texas has led to the discovery of both metalaxyl resistance and a new pathotype in the causal organism, Peronosclerospora sorghi. These observations and the difficulty in resolving among phylogenetically related downy mildew pathogens dramatically point out the need for simply scored markers in order to differentiate among isolates and species, and to study the population structure within these obligate oomycetes. Here we present the initial results from the use of a biotin capture method to discover, clone and develop PCR primers that permit the use of simple sequence repeats (microsatellites) to detect differences at the DNA level. Results: Among the 55 primers pairs designed from clones from pathotype 3 of P. sorghi, 36 flanked microsatellite loci containing simple repeats, including 28 (55%) with dinucleotide repeats and 6 (11%) with trinucleotide repeats. A total of 22 microsatellites with CA/AC or GT/TG repeats were the most abundant (40%) and GA/AG or CT/TC types contribute 15% in our collection. When used to amplify DNA from 19 isolates from P. sorghi, as well as from 5 related species that cause downy mildew on other hosts, the number of different bands detected for each SSR primer pair using a LI-COR-DNA Analyzer ranged from two to eight. Successful cross-amplification for 12 primer pairs studied in detail using DNA from downy mildews that attack maize (P. maydis & P. philippinensis), sugar cane (P. sacchari), pearl millet (Sclerospora graminicola) and rose (Peronospora sparsa) indicate that the flanking regions are conserved in all these species. A total of 15 SSR amplicons unique to P. philippinensis (one of the potential threats to US maize production) were detected, and these have potential for development of diagnostic tests. A total of 260 alleles were obtained using 54 microsatellites primer combinations, with an average of 4.8 polymorphic markers per SSR across 34 Peronosclerospora, Peronospora and Sclerospora spp isolates studied. Cluster analysis by UPGMA as well as principal coordinate analysis (PCA) grouped the 34 isolates into three distinct groups (all 19 isolates of Peronosclerospora sorghi in cluster I, five isolates of P. maydis and three isolates of P. sacchari in cluster II and five isolates of Sclerospora graminicola in cluster III). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to extensively develop SSR markers from Peronosclerospora genomic DNA. The newly developed SSR markers can be readily used to distinguish isolates within several species of the oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases. Also, microsatellite fragments likely include retrotransposon regions of DNA and these sequences can serve as useful genetic markers for strain identification, due to their degree of variability and their widespread occurrence among sorghum, maize, sugarcane, pearl millet and rose downy mildew isolates. C1 [Perumal, Ramasamy; Erattaimuthu, Saradha R.; Magill, Clint W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Odvody, Gary N.] Texas Agrilife Sci, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. [No, Eun-Gyu] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nimmakayala, Padmavathi; Reddy, Umesh K.] W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Prom, Louis K.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Luster, Douglas G.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Disease Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Magill, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rperumal@ag.tamu.edu; padma@wvstateu.edu; saradha64@neo.tamu.edu; e-no@tamu.edu; ureddy@wvstateu.edu; Louis.Prom@ARS.USDA.GOV; g-odvody@tamu.edu; doug.luster@ars.usda.gov; c-magill@tamu.edu FU Texas Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported by a USDA cooperative agreement and a Texas Cropping System grant from the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD NOV 29 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 77 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-9-77 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 390VO UT WOS:000262192000001 PM 19040756 ER PT J AU Vivoni, ER Moreno, HA Mascaro, G Rodriguez, JC Watts, CJ Garatuza-Payan, J Scott, RL AF Vivoni, Enrique R. Moreno, Hernan A. Mascaro, Giuseppe Rodriguez, Julio C. Watts, Christopher J. Garatuza-Payan, Jaime Scott, Russell L. TI Observed relation between evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the North American monsoon region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; FLUXES AB Soil moisture control on evapotranspiration is poorly understood in ecosystems experiencing seasonal greening. In this study, we utilize a set of multi-year observations at four eddy covariance sites along a latitudinal gradient in vegetation greening to infer the ET-theta relation during the North American monsoon. Results reveal significant seasonal, interannual and ecosystem variations in the observed ET-theta relation directly linked to vegetation greening. In particular, monsoon-dominated ecosystems adjust their ET-theta relation, through changes in unstressed ET and plant stress threshold, to cope with differences in water availability. Comparisons of the observed relations to the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset reveal large biases that increase where vegetation greening is more significant. The analysis presented here can be used to guide improvements in land surface model parameterization in water-limited ecosystems. Citation: Vivoni, E. R., H. A. Moreno, G. Mascaro, J. C. Rodriguez, C. J. Watts, J. Garatuza-Payan, and R. L. Scott (2008), Observed relation between evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the North American monsoon region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22403, doi:10.1029/2008GL036001. C1 [Vivoni, Enrique R.; Moreno, Hernan A.; Mascaro, Giuseppe] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Rodriguez, Julio C.] Univ Sonora, Dept Agr & Ganaderia, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Watts, Christopher J.] Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Vivoni, ER (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 801 Leroy Pl,MSEC 244, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM vivoni@nmt.edu RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012; Mascaro, Giuseppe/K-5504-2013; Moreno, Hernan/H-2337-2014 OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459; Mascaro, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4516-1206; Moreno, Hernan/0000-0003-2731-3210 FU NOAA [GC07-019]; NSF [OISE 0553852] FX We are thankful for funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office (GC07-019) and NSF IRES Program (OISE 0553852). NR 14 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 22 AR L22403 DI 10.1029/2008GL036001 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 377IE UT WOS:000261244100008 ER PT J AU Martinez-Villaluenga, C Bringe, NA Berhow, MA de Mejia, EG AF Martinez-Villaluenga, Cristina Bringe, Neal A. Berhow, Mark A. de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez TI beta-Conglycinin Embeds Active Peptides That Inhibit Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in Vitro SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-Conglycinin; glycinin; soy peptides; alcalase hydrolysis; 3T3-L1 adipocytes ID INSULIN SENSITIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNITED-STATES; ADIPONECTIN; PROTEIN; SOYBEANS; SOY; WEIGHT; DIET AB Obesity is a worldwide health concern because it is a well-recognized predictor of premature mortality. The objective was to identify soybean varieties that have improved potential to inhibit fat accumulation in adipocytes by testing the effects of soy hydrolysates having a range of protein subunit compositions on lipid accumulation and adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that differences in the protein distribution of 15 soy genotypes led to different potentials for the reduction of fat accumulation. The inhibition of lipid accumulation of soy alcalase hydrolysates in 3T3-L1 adipocytes ranged from 29 to 46%. Soy hydrolysates made from genotypes with 45.3 +/- 3.3% of total protein as beta-conglycinin, on average, showed significantly higher inhibition of lipid accumulation compared to those with 24.7 +/- 1.5% of extracted total protein as beta-conglycinin. Moreover, after in vitro simulated digestion with pepsin-pancreatin of the soy alcalase hydrolysates, 86% of the original activity remained. Adiponectin expression was induced in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 15 soy hydrolysates up to 2.49- and 2.63-fold for high and low molecular weight adiponectin, respectively. The inhibition of lipid accumulation calculated from a partial least squares (PLS) analysis model correlated well with experimental data (R(2) = 0.91). In conclusion, it was feasible to differentiate soy varieties on the basis of the potential of their proteins to reduce fat accumulation using a statistical model and a cell-based assay in vitro. Furthermore, beta-conglycinin embeds more peptides than glycinin subunits that inhibit lipid accumulation and induce adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, soy ingredients containing beta-conglycinin may be important food components for the control of lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. C1 [Martinez-Villaluenga, Cristina; de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bringe, Neal A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Berhow, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP de Mejia, EG (reprint author), 228 ERML,MC-051,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM edemejia@illinois.edu OI Martinez-Villaluenga, Cristina/0000-0002-1155-6464 FU Monsanto Co., USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and, Extension Service (CSREES) [AG 2005-34505-15767]; European Community under a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship FX Received for review July 18, 2008. Revised manuscript received September 9, 2008. Accepted September 18, 2008. This work was supported by the Monsanto Co., USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and, Extension Service (CSREES), AG 2005-34505-15767 Future Foods IL to E.G.M. and the European Community under a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship for Career Development (to C.M.-V.). Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the products, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 22 BP 10533 EP 10543 DI 10.1021/jf802216b PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PR UT WOS:000261056700016 PM 18947234 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Cheng, V Rimando, AM Shukitt-Hale, B AF Joseph, James A. Fisher, Derek R. Cheng, Vivian Rimando, Agnes M. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Cellular and Behavioral Effects of Stilbene Resveratrol Analogues: Implications for Reducing the Deleterious Effects of Aging SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polyphenolics; pterostilbene; memory; learning; oxidative stress; inflammation ID AGE-RELATED DEFICITS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; COS-7 CELLS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FISCHER-344 RATS; PTEROSTILBENE AB Research suggests that polyphenolic compounds contained in fruits and vegetables that are rich in color may have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present studies determined if stilbene (e.g., resveratrol) compounds would be efficacious in reversing the deleterious effects of aging in 19 month old Fischer 344 rats. Experiment I utilized resveratrol and six resveratrol analogues and examined their efficacies in preventing dopamine-induced decrements in calcium clearance following oxotremorine-induced depolarization in COS-7 cells transfected with M1 muscarinic receptors (MAChR) that we have shown previously to be sensitive to oxidative stressors. Experiment II utilized the most efficacious analogue (pterostilbene) from experiment I and fed aged rats a diet with a low (0.004%) or a high (0.016%) concentration of pterostilbene. Results indicated that pterostilbene was effective in reversing cognitive behavioral deficits, as well as dopamine release, and working memory was correlated with pterostilbene levels in the hippocampus. C1 [Joseph, James A.; Fisher, Derek R.; Cheng, Vivian; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] Tufts Univ, ARS, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, ARS, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jim.joseph@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 22 BP 10544 EP 10551 DI 10.1021/jf802279h PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PR UT WOS:000261056700017 PM 18954071 ER PT J AU Clare, DA Gharst, G Maleki, SJ Sanders, TH AF Clare, Debra A. Gharst, Greg Maleki, Sohelia J. Sanders, Timothy H. TI Effects of Transglutaminase Catalysis on the Functional and Immunoglobulin Binding Properties of Peanut Flour Dispersions Containing Casein SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Peanut proteins; peanut flour; transglutaminase; casein; rheology; antibody reactivity; IgE binding ID AND/OR SALT CONCENTRATION; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CROSS-LINKING; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; PROTEIN ISOLATE; ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; WHEY PROTEINS; ARA H-1; GELS AB The functionality of light roasted peanut flour (PF) dispersions containing supplemental casein (CN) was altered after polymerization with microbial transglutaminase (TGase). The formation of high molecular weight covalent cross-links was observed with likely development of PF-PF, PF-CN, and CN-CN polymers based on Western blotting patterns visualized using antiserum directed against Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, or casein. The gelling temperature of TGase-treated PF dispersions containing 2.5% CN was significantly raised compared to the nontreated PF-CN control solutions. Furthermore, the gel strength and water holding capacity of cross-linked PF-CN test samples containing 5% CN was increased, while the yield stress and apparent viscosity were lowered compared to control dispersions. The immunological staining patterns were also changed where, in some cases, IgE binding to TGase-treated PF-CN fractions appeared less reactive compared to equivalent polymeric PF dispersions lacking supplemental CN and non-cross-linked PF-CN samples. Perhaps, covalent modification masked IgE peanut protein binding epitopes, at least to some degree, on an individual patient basis. Casein proved to be an effective cosubstrate with PF for creating Tgase modified PF-CN dispersions for use as a novel high protein food ingredient. C1 [Clare, Debra A.; Gharst, Greg] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maleki, Sohelia J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Sanders, Timothy H.] USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Clare, DA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM debra_clare@ncsu.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 22 BP 10913 EP 10921 DI 10.1021/jf801641d PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PR UT WOS:000261056700071 PM 18975960 ER PT J AU Guttieri, MJ Souza, EJ Sneller, C AF Guttieri, Mary J. Souza, Edward J. Sneller, Clay TI Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Wheat Flour Wire-Cut Cookie Making SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabinoxylan; arabinogalactan; pentosans; flour; pastry quality ID SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITIES; WATER UNEXTRACTABLE SOLIDS; END-USE QUALITY; GLUTEN PROTEIN; INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT; EXTRACT VISCOSITY; DOUGH PROPERTIES; PENTOSANS; ARABINOXYLANS; HARDNESS AB Nonstarch polysaccharides in wheat flour have significant capacity to affect the processing quality of wheat flour dough and the finished quality of wheat flour products. Most research has focused on the effects of arabinoxylans (AX) in bread making. This study found that water-extractable AX and arabinogalactan peptides can predict variation in pastry wheat quality as captured by the wire-cut cookie model system. The sum of water-extractable AX plus arabinogalactan was highly predictive of cookie spread factor. The combination of cookie spread factor and the ratio of water-extractable arabinose to xylose predicted peak force of the three-point bend test of cookie texture. C1 [Souza, Edward J.] USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Guttieri, Mary J.; Sneller, Clay] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM edward.souza@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [3607-43440-005-00] FX We thank Kraft-Nabisco for partial financial support of this research and acknowledge the support of USDA-ARS Project 3607-43440-005-00. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 22 BP 10927 EP 10932 DI 10.1021/jf801677a PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PR UT WOS:000261056700073 PM 18942832 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Laparra, Jose Moises Glahn, Raymond P. Miller, Dennis D. TI Bioaccessibility of Phenols in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Iron (Fe) Availability to Caco-2 Cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polyphenols; bioaccessibility; iron bioavailability; Caco-2 ID BIOAVAILABILITY; MODEL; POLYPHENOLS; GENOTYPES; ACIDS; ZINC AB Samples of common and biofortified beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), both raw and cooked (autoclaved at 120 degrees C for 20 min) were analyzed for their polyphenol composition. Polyphenols were identified via HPLC-UWdiode array detection. Cooking favored the extraction of polyphenols without the need of a hydrolysis step, a fact that is of interest because this is the usual form in which beans are consumed. The main differences between white and colored beans were the presence of free kaempferol (13.5-29.9 mu g g(-1)) and derivatives (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) (12.5-167.5 mu g g(-1)), only in red and black beans. An in vitro digestion (pepsin, pH2; pancreatin-bile extract, pH 7) was applied to beans to estimate bioaccessibility of individual polyphenols. Kaempferol from seed coats exhibited high bioaccessibility (45.4-62.1 %) and a potent inhibitor effect on Fe uptake at concentrations ranging from 0.37 to 1.30 mu M. Caco-2 cell ferritin formation was used to evaluate Fe uptake. Cell Fe uptake was significant only from white beans. C1 [Laparra, Jose Moises] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jml259@cornell.edu OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 22 BP 10999 EP 11005 DI 10.1021/jf802537t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PR UT WOS:000261056700084 PM 18983154 ER PT J AU Stockli, R Rutishauser, T Dragoni, D O'Keefe, J Thornton, PE Jolly, M Lu, L Denning, AS AF Stoeckli, R. Rutishauser, T. Dragoni, D. O'Keefe, J. Thornton, P. E. Jolly, M. Lu, L. Denning, A. S. TI Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; VEGETATION LEAF-AREA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; LAND-COVER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SPRING PHENOLOGY; PLANT PHENOLOGY; VAPOR EXCHANGE AB Predicting the global carbon and water cycle requires a realistic representation of vegetation phenology in climate models. However most prognostic phenology models are not yet suited for global applications, and diagnostic satellite data can be uncertain and lack predictive power. We present a framework for data assimilation of Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to constrain empirical temperature, light, moisture and structural vegetation parameters of a prognostic phenology model. We find that data assimilation better constrains structural vegetation parameters than climate control parameters. Improvements are largest for drought-deciduous ecosystems where correlation of predicted versus satellite-observed FPAR and LAI increases from negative to 0.7-0.8. Data assimilation effectively overcomes the cloud- and aerosol-related deficiencies of satellite data sets in tropical areas. Validation with a 49-year-long phenology data set reveals that the temperature-driven start of season (SOS) is light limited in warm years. The model has substantial skill (R = 0.73) to reproduce SOS inter-annual and decadal variability. Predicted SOS shows a higher inter-annual variability with a negative bias of 5-20 days compared to species-level SOS. It is however accurate to within 1-2 days compared to SOS derived from net ecosystem exchange (NEE) measurements at a FLUXNET tower. The model only has weak skill to predict end of season (EOS). Use of remote sensing data assimilation for phenology model development is encouraged but validation should be extended with phenology data sets covering mediterranean, tropical and arctic ecosystems. C1 [Stoeckli, R.] MeteoSwiss, Climate Serv, Climate Anal, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. [Stoeckli, R.; Lu, L.; Denning, A. S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Atmospher Sci Programme, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Jolly, M.] US Forest Serv, RMRS, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [O'Keefe, J.] Harvard Univ, Fisher Museum, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Rutishauser, T.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Oeschger Ctr Climate Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Thornton, P. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Terr Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Stoeckli, R.] NASA, Earth Observ, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Stockli, R (reprint author), MeteoSwiss, Climate Serv, Climate Anal, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, Krahbuhlstr 58, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. EM reto.stoeckli@meteoswiss.ch RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875 FU NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) [NNG06CG42G]; Science System and Application Inc. [2207-06-016]; NASA [NAS5-02041] FX The NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) grant No. NNG06CG42G is the main funding source of this study. Computing resources were mainly provided by sub-contract 2207-06-016 issued by Science System and Application Inc. through NASA contract NAS5-02041. The MODIS Science Team and the MODIS Science Data Support Team provided the MOD15A2 and the MOD12Q1 data. Meteorological predictor data have been provided by the site PI's and their teams participating in the CarboEurope IP, AmeriFlux and LBA projects as part of FLUXNET: Marc Aubinet (Vielsalm), Christian Bernhofer (Tharandt), Riccardo Valentini (Castelporziano and Collelongo), Tuomas Laurila (Kaamanen), Timo Vesala (Hyytiala), Maria Jose Sanz (El Saler), Serge Rambal (Puechabon), Andre Granier (Sarrebourg), Mike Goulden (Santarem Km83), Steven Wofsy (Santarem Km67 and BOREAS NSA Old Black Spruce), Hans Peter Schmid (Morgan Monroe State Forest), Brian Amiro (BOREAS NSA Old Black Spruce), Lawrence Flanagan (Lethbridge), Tilden Meyers (Fort Peck and Bondville), Bill Munger (Harvard Forest) and Russ Monson (Niwot Ridge), Kyaw Paw U (Wind River) and Dennis Baldocchi (Tonzi and Vaira Ranch). The first author is grateful to Arif Albaryrak (NASA/GSFC GMAO) for his advice and comments on the ensemble data assimilation methodology. NR 114 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G4 AR G04021 DI 10.1029/2008JG000781 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 377IQ UT WOS:000261245300003 ER PT J AU Gailbreath, KL Taus, NS Cunha, CW Knowles, DP Li, H AF Gailbreath, Katherine L. Taus, Naomi S. Cunha, Cristina W. Knowles, Donald P. Li, Hong TI Experimental infection of rabbits with ovine herpesvirus 2 from sheep nasal secretions SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ovine herpesvirus 2; Malignant catarrhal fever; Rabbits; Experimental infection ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; BISON BISON-BISON; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; CATTLE; PCR; OUTBREAK; HAMSTERS; ASSAY AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a generally fatal disease that primarily occurs in ruminants and is caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses. Outside of Africa MCF is mainly caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) which is carried subclinically by sheep. Cell-free virus is present in nasal secretions of shedding sheep and aerosol is the primary mode of transmission. Although OvHV-2 has never been propagated in vitro, experimental infection involving intranasal nebulization with nasal secretions from shedding sheep has been used to induce MCF in cattle and bison. This method of inoculation has never been tested in rabbits, which are the primary small animal model. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rabbits become infected with OvHV-2 after intranasal nebulization with cell-free virus from sheep nasal secretions and whether they develop MCF with consistent gross and histologic lesions. Five of eight rabbits became infected, showed clinical signs and developed histologic lesions typical of MCF including multisystemic vasculitis and perivascular lymphoid accumulation. These lesions are similar to those reported in rabbits infected by intravenous injection with tissues from clinically affected animals containing cell-associated virus. Viral DNA and mRNA transcripts of a structural viral protein were present in tissues from affected rabbits suggesting that viral replication occurred, although the significance in terms of pathogenesis is unknown. This work demonstrates that OvHV-2 infection of rabbits by intranasal nebulization is a potentially useful model that mimics the natural route of infection and may be used to study viral replication and pathogenesis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gailbreath, Katherine L.; Taus, Naomi S.; Cunha, Cristina W.; Knowles, Donald P.; Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gailbreath, Katherine L.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gailbreath, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF,POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM katherine@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS CWU [5348-32000-018-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CWU 5348-32000-018-00D. We thank Jan Keller, Shirley Elias, Lori Fuller, and Emma Karel for excellent technical assistance and animal care and Lindsay Oaks and Gary Haldorson for useful technical advice. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.035 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368AT UT WOS:000260594400007 PM 18539411 ER PT J AU Fosgate, GT Tavornpanich, S Hunter, D Pugh, R Sterle, JA Schumann, KR Eberling, AJ Beckham, TR Martin, BM Clarke, NP Adams, LG AF Fosgate, G. T. Tavornpanich, S. Hunter, D. Pugh, R. Sterle, J. A. Schumann, K. R. Eberling, A. J. Beckham, T. R. Martin, B. M. Clarke, N. P. Adams, L. G. TI Diagnostic specificity of a real-time RT-PCR in cattle for foot-and-mouth disease and swine for foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever based on non-invasive specimen collection SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease; Classical swine fever; RT-PCR; Specificity; Surveillance ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ASSAY; VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; VALIDATION; SAMPLES AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are highly contagious and can cause great economic losses when introduced into disease-free regions. Accurate estimates of diagnostic specificity (Sp) are important when considering the implementation of surveillance for these agents. The purpose of this study was to estimate diagnostic Sp of a real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR assay developed for detection of FMDV in cattle and domestic swine and CSFV in domestic swine based on non-invasive specimen collection. One thousand and eighty-eight range beef cattle were sampled from thirteen geographic locations throughout Texas. One thousand and one hundred market hogs and cull sows were sampled. Results for both FMDV and CSFV were considered positive if amplification occurred at or before 40 PCR cycles, inconclusive between 40 and 45 cycles and negative otherwise. Ten cattle had nonspecific PCR amplifications for FMDV, but none were classified as positive and only one as inconclusive. Specificity (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 100% (99.7, 100). There were 19 nonspecific PCR amplifications for FMDV in sampled swine with 1 classified as positive, 6 as inconclusive, and 12 as negative. Specificity (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 99.9% (99.5, 100). There were 21 nonspecific PCR amplifications for CSFV, and 1 was classified as positive. Specificity (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 99.9% (99.5, 100). These assays have high Sp, but nonspecific PCR amplifications can occur. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fosgate, G. T.; Tavornpanich, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hunter, D.; Pugh, R.; Adams, L. G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sterle, J. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schumann, K. R.; Eberling, A. J.; Beckham, T. R.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab,Vet Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Martin, B. M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Clarke, N. P.; Adams, L. G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Homeland Secur, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim & Zoonot Dis Def, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Clarke, N. P.; Adams, L. G.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Fosgate, GT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gfosgate@cvm.tamu.edu FU Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-1940-3-321]; Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC); USDA; CSREES; NRI [2005-35204-16087] FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Dr. Brandon Dominguez and all TAEREC and slaughter plant personnel for their kind assistance with this research. Funding for this project provided by Specific Cooperative Agreement Contract No. 58-1940-3-321, The Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) and USDA, CSREES, NRI Award No. 2005-35204-16087. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.016 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368AT UT WOS:000260594400017 PM 18499360 ER PT J AU Crowdus, CA Marsh, AE Saville, WJ Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Granstrom, DE Howe, DK AF Crowdus, Carolyn A. Marsh, Antoinette E. Saville, Willliam J. Lindsay, David S. Dubey, J. P. Granstrom, David E. Howe, Daniel K. TI SnSAG5 is an alternative surface antigen of Sarcocystis neurona strains that is mutually exclusive to SnSAG1 SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Sarcocystis; Diagnosis; Vaccine; Apicomplexa; Coccidia; Strain diversity ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SEA OTTER; FAMILY; MEROZOITES; PROTEINS; SERUM AB Sarcocystis neurona is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Previous work has identified a gene family of paralogous surface antigens in S. neurona called SnSAGs. These surface proteins are immunogenic in their host animals, and are therefore candidate molecules for development of diagnostics and vaccines. However, SnSAG diversity exists in strains of S. neurona, including the absence of the major surface antigen gene SnSAG1. Instead, sequence for an alternative SnSAG has been revealed in two of the SnSAG I-deficient strains. Herein, we present data characterizing this new surface protein, which we have designated SnSAG5. The results indicated that the protein encoded by the SnSAG5 sequence is indeed a surface-associated molecule that has characteristics consistent with the other SAGs identified in S. neurona and related parasites. Importantly, Western blot analyses of a collection of S. neurona strains demonstrated that 6 of 13 parasite isolates express SnSAG5 as a dominant surface protein instead of SnSAG1. Conversely, SnSAG5 was not detected in SnSAG1-positive strains. One strain, which was isolated from the brain of a sea otter, did not express either SnSAG1 or SnSAG5. Genetic analysis with SnSAG5-specific primers confirmed the presence of the SnSAG5 gene in Western blot-positive strains, while also suggesting the presence of a novel SnSAG sequence in the SnSAG1-deficient, SnSAG5-deficient otter isolate. The findings provide further indication of S. neurona strain diversity, which has implications for diagnostic testing and development of vaccines against EPM as well as the population biology of Sarcocystis cycling in the opossum definitive host. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Crowdus, Carolyn A.; Howe, Daniel K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Marsh, Antoinette E.; Saville, Willliam J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lindsay, David S.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Granstrom, David E.] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP Howe, DK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dkhowe2@uky.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 FU Amerman Family Foundation; Fort Dodge Animal Health FX This research was made possible through funds provided by the Amerman Family Foundation, Fort Dodge Animal Health, and gifts from various donors. Published as Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station article number 08-14-077. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.012 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 374AV UT WOS:000261015500005 PM 18829171 ER PT J AU Mcrae, BH Schumaker, NH McKane, RB Busing, RT Solomon, AM Burdick, CA AF McRae, Brad H. Schumaker, Nathan H. McKane, Robert B. Busing, Richard T. Solomon, Allen M. Burdick, Connie A. TI A multi-model framework for simulating wildlife population response to land-use and climate change SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land-use change; Alternative future landscape; Habitat change; Population dynamics; Spatially-explicit population model ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS; MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; SONG SPARROWS; MODELS; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS; DYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES; DISPERSAL AB Reliable assessments of how human activities will affect wildlife populations are essential for making scientifically defensible resource management decisions. A principle challenge of predicting effects of proposed management, development, or conservation actions is the need to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic factors, including land-use and climate change, that interact to affect wildlife habitat and populations through time. Here we demonstrate how models of land-use, climate change, and other dynamic factors can be integrated into a coherent framework for predicting wildlife population trends. Our framework starts with land-use and climate change models developed for a region of interest. Vegetation changes through time under alternative future scenarios are predicted using an individual-based plant community model. These predictions are combined with spatially explicit animal habitat models to map changes in the distribution and quality of wildlife habitat expected under the various scenarios. Animal population responses to habitat changes and other factors are then projected using a flexible, individual-based animal population model. As an example application, we simulated animal population trends under three future land-use scenarios and four climate change scenarios in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. We chose two birds with contrasting habitat preferences for our simulations: winter wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes), which are most abundant in mature conifer forests, and song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which prefer more open, shrubby habitats. We used climate and land-use predictions from previously published studies, as well as previously published predictions of vegetation responses using FORCLIM, an individual-based forest dynamics simulator. Vegetation predictions were integrated with other factors in PATCH, a spatially explicit, individual-based animal population simulator. Through incorporating effects of landscape history and limited dispersal, our framework predicted population changes that typically exceeded those expected based on changes in mean habitat suitability alone. Although land-use had greater impacts on habitat quality than did climate change in our simulations, we found that small changes in vital rates resulting from climate change or other stressors can have large consequences for population trajectories. The ability to integrate bottom-up demographic processes like these with top-down constraints imposed by climate and land-use in a dynamic modeling environment is a key advantage of our approach. The resulting framework should allow researchers to synthesize existing empirical evidence, and to explore complex interactions that are difficult or impossible to capture through piecemeal modeling approaches. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [McRae, Brad H.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Schumaker, Nathan H.; McKane, Robert B.; Burdick, Connie A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Busing, Richard T.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Solomon, Allen M.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Mcrae, BH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM bmcrae@tnc.org FU US EPA; NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara FX We are grateful to Sue Pierson and Barb Rosenbaum for their help processing GIS data. Josh Lawler, Thorsten Wiegand, Soren Nielsen, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on draft versions. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US EPA. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. The conclusions and opinions are solely those of the authors and are not necessarily the views of the Agency. B. McRae was partially supported as a Postdoctoral Associate at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 80 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.001 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377ZW UT WOS:000261291900007 ER PT J AU Graves, AD Holsten, EH Ascerno, ME Zogas, KP Hard, JS Huber, DPW Blanchette, RA Seybold, SJ AF Graves, Andrew D. Holsten, Edward H. Ascerno, Mark E. Zogas, Kenneth P. Hard, John S. Huber, Dezene P. W. Blanchette, Robert A. Seybold, Steven J. TI Protection of spruce from colonization by the bark beetle, Ips perturbatus, in Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Antiaggregation pheromones; Bark beetles; Coleoptera; Conifer; Conophthorin; (E)-7-Methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane; Interruption; Ips concinnus; Ips perturbatus; Lutz spruce; Methyl jasmonate; 3-Oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)-cyclopentaneacetic acid, methyl ester; Non-host volatiles (NHV); Pheromones; Picea x lutzii; Scolytidae; Semiochemicals; Verbenone; 4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; METHYL JASMONATE; LODGEPOLE PINE; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; NORWAY SPRUCE; PICEA-ABIES; DEFENSE RESPONSES; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; NONHOST VOLATILES; LEAF VOLATILES AB Field bioassays were conducted in south-central Alaska in a stand of Lutz spruce, Picea x lutzii, to determine whether a semiochemical interruptant (verbenone and trans-conophthorin) and/or a defense-inducing plant hormone (methyl jasmonate, MJ) could be used to protect individual standing trees from bark beetle attack. During two experiments (initiated in May 2004 and 2005, respectively), attacks by Ips perturbatus on standing trees were induced by using a three-component aggregation pheromone (ipsenol, cis-verbenol, and ipsdienol) and prevented by using the interruptant. In 2005, treatments from 2004 were repeated and additional treatments were evaluated by using MJ spray or injection with and without the interruptant. Aggregation began before 3 or 7 June, and attack density was monitored through 3 or 16 August. During both years, tree mortality caused by I. perturbatus was recorded twice (in August, and in May of the following year). In both experiments, attack density was greatest on trees baited with the three-component attractive pheromone, but was significantly reduced by addition of the semiochemical interruptant to trees baited with the attractant. There were no significant differences in attack density between attractant + interruptant-treated trees and unbaited trees. In 2004, mortality was highest among attractant-baited trees, whereas addition of the interruptant significantly reduced the level of initial (10 week post-treatment) and final (54 week post-treatment) mortality. In 2005, no significant reduction in attack density occurred on trees baited with the attractant when MJ was sprayed or injected. The highest initial (10.6 week post-treatment) and final (49.4 week post-treatment) mortality was observed among trees that had been injected with MJ and baited with the attractant. Mortality at the final assessment was significantly lower in all other treatment groups. As in 2004, addition of the interruptant to attractant-baited trees significantly reduced the level of final mortality compared to attractant-baited trees. MJ was not attractive or interruptive to L perturbatus or associated bark beetles in a flight trapping study. However, MJ-treated trees (sprayed or injected) exuded copious amounts of resin on the bark surface. Anatomical analyses of felled trees from four treatment groups [Tween (solvent)sprayed, MJ-sprayed, Tween-injected, and MJ-injected + attractant baited] showed that treatment with MJ increased the number and size of resin ducts produced following treatment. These analyses also revealed a reduction in radial growth in MJ-treated trees. Our results show that during both years, treatment with a simple, two-component interruptant system of verbenone and trans-conophthorin significantly reduced L perturbatus attack density and tree mortality on attractant-baited trees and provided a full year of protection from bark beetle attack. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huber, Dezene P. W.; Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Graves, Andrew D.; Ascerno, Mark E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Holsten, Edward H.; Zogas, Kenneth P.; Hard, John S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Blanchette, Robert A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Inst, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sseybold@fs.fed.us OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 FU Forest Health Protection, State and Private Forestry, Region 10, Anchorage AK, the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW); Human Frontier Science Program [RGY0382]; Cooperative Agreement [04-CA-11100000-201] FX We thank Harold Thistle (USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV) for providing generous financial assistance for this project, which was also supported in part by Forest Health Protection, State and Private Forestry, Region 10, Anchorage AK, the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW), and a grant to SJS from the Human Frontier Science Program (Grant #RGY0382). Work between the USDA Forest Service and the University of Minnesota was coordinated and supported through Cooperative Agreement #04-CA-11100000-201 between the USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry, Region 10, and the University of Minnesota. We are also grateful to Jorg Bohlmann (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC) and David Wakarchuk (Synergy Semiochemicals, Corp., Burnaby, BC) for helpful discussion and advice on formulation of MJ for application to trees. We thank Nancy Grulke, USDA Forest Service PSW, Riverside, CA for a critical review of an earlier draft of the manuscript; Joel Jurgens, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology for assistance with SEM techniques; Dominique Collet, Sterling, AK, for identification of willows; and Julie Tillman, Davis, CA, for assistance with graphics. NR 80 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 11 BP 1825 EP 1839 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.008 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 375LQ UT WOS:000261115800003 ER PT J AU Amichev, BY Burger, JA Rodrigue, JA AF Amichev, Beyhan Y. Burger, James A. Rodrigue, Jason A. TI Carbon sequestration by forests and soils on mined land in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields of the US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil organic carbon; Mine soils; Biogeochemistry of C; Forest productivity; Site quality; Coal mining ID UNITED-STATES; BUDGET; PRODUCTIVITY; MINESOILS; BIOMASS; STORAGE; POOLS; MODEL; OHIO AB Carbon (C) accreditation of forest development projects is one approach for sequestering atmospheric CO(2), under the provisions of the Kyoto protocol. The C sequestration potential of reforested mined land is not well known. The purpose of this work was to estimate and compare the ecosystem C content in forests established on surface, coal-mined and non-mined land. We used existing tree, litter, and soil C data for fourteen mined and eight adjacent, non-mined forests in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields to determine the C sequestration potential of mined land reclaimed prior to the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977). We developed statistically significant and biologically reasonable models for ecosystem C across the spectrum of site quality and stand age. On average, the highest amount of ecosystem Con mined land was sequestered in pine stands (148 Mg ha(-1)), followed by hardwood (130 Mg ha(-1)) and mixed stands (118 Mg ha(-1)). Non-mined hardwood stands sequestered 210 Mg C ha-1, which was about 62% higher than the average of all mined stands. Our mined land response surface models of C sequestration as a function of site quality and age explained 59, 39, and 36% of the variation of ecosystem C in mixed, pine, and hardwood stands, respectively. In pine and mixed stands, ecosystem C increased exponentially with the increase of site quality, but decreased with age. In mined hardwood stands, ecosystem C increased asymptotically with age, but it was not affected by site quality. At rotation age (60 yr), ecosystem C in mined hardwood stands was less on high quality sites, but similar for low quality sites compared to non-mined hardwood stands, The overall results indicated that the higher the original forest site quality, the less likely C sequestration potential was restored, and the greater the disparity between pre- and post-mining C sequestration stocks. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Amichev, Beyhan Y.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Burger, James A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rodrigue, Jason A.] USDA Forest Serv, Bradford, PA 16701 USA. RP Amichev, BY (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, 5D34 Agr Bldg,51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM beyhan.amichev@usask.ca OI Amichev, Beyhan/0000-0002-7453-4115 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-PS26-02NT41422]; Office of Surface Mining FX We would like to thank the Powell River Project, the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-PS26-02NT41422), and the Office of Surface Mining for financial support of this study. Special thanks go to those people involved in the location of study sites, including C. Ashby, A. Boyer, F. Brenner, D. Burger, B. Gray, R. Gullic, T. Probert,J. Skousen, J. Vimmerstedt, and D. Williamson; and to our colleagues at Virginia Tech, K. Hollandsworth, R. Oderwald, S. Zedaker, and C. Zipper, for their technical assistance. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 11 BP 1949 EP 1959 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.020 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 375LQ UT WOS:000261115800014 ER PT J AU Clements, CB Zhong, SY Bian, XD Heilman, WE Byun, DW AF Clements, Craig B. Zhong, Shiyuan Bian, Xindi Heilman, Warren E. Byun, Daewon W. TI First observations of turbulence generated by grass fires SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL THERMAL PLUME; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DYNAMICS; IMAGERY; SPREAD; HEAT; FUEL AB Wildland fires radically modify the atmospheric boundary layer by inducing strong fire-atmosphere interactions. These interactions lead to intense turbulence production in and around the fire front. Two field experiments were conducted in tall-grass fuels to quantify turbulence generation during the passage of wind-driven fire fronts. Observations showed that the measured turbulence generated by the fires was five times greater than the turbulence in the ambient environment. The production of the turbulence at the surface near the fire front was caused by increased variance of the ambient wind, while the buoyancy was strongest at higher levels within the fire plume. Immediately after the fire front passage, turbulence kinetic energy decreased to ambient levels and was associated with strong downdrafts that occurred behind the fire front. C1 [Clements, Craig B.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Byun, Daewon W.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Inst Multidimens Air Qual Studies, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Clements, CB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM clements@met.sjsu.edu FU Houston Coastal Center; EPA [R82906801] FX We thank Mark Kramer and George Regmond from the Armond Bayou Nature Center for conducting the two experimental burns, Tim Becker from the Houston Coastal Center for helping with the experimental setup and fuel treatments around the prairie, the many students and staff that helped execute both the Pilot Study and the FireFlux field experiments, Dr. Glenn Aumann for his support and use of the Houston Coastal Center for this research, Dr. Scott Goodrick from the USDA Southern Research Station and Dr. Brian Potter from the USDA Pacific Northwest Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory for their support of this research, Ms. Laura Hightower for her photography support, Mr. Ju Li from the Beijing Institute for Urban Meteorology for the initial data postprocessing while visiting the University of Houston, and the three anonymous reviewers of this paper for their excellent comments and suggestions regarding this research. This work is partially supported by a research grant from the Houston Coastal Center and EPA grant R82906801. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the USDA Forest Service. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 113 AR D22102 DI 10.1029/2008JD010014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 375WP UT WOS:000261144800001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AP Holden, AS Patterson, LA McMeeking, GR Kreidenweis, SM Malm, WC Hao, WM Wold, CE Collett, JL AF Sullivan, A. P. Holden, A. S. Patterson, L. A. McMeeking, G. R. Kreidenweis, S. M. Malm, W. C. Hao, W. M. Wold, C. E. Collett, J. L., Jr. TI A method for smoke marker measurements and its potential application for determining the contribution of biomass burning from wildfires and prescribed fires to ambient PM2.5 organic carbon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PULSED-AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; GAS-PHASE; LEVOGLUCOSAN; AEROSOL; WOOD; TRACERS AB Biomass burning is an important source of particulate organic carbon (OC) in the atmosphere. Quantifying this contribution in time and space requires a means of routinely apportioning contributions of smoke from biomass burning to OC. Smoke marker (for example, levoglucosan) measurements provide the most common approach for making this determination. A lack of source profiles for wildfires and prescribed fires and the expense and complexity of traditional smoke marker measurement methods have thus far limited routine estimates of these contributions to ambient aerosol concentrations and regional haze. We report here on the collection of source profiles for combustion of numerous wildland fuels and on the development of an inexpensive and robust technique for routine smoke marker measurements. Hi-Volume filter source samples were collected during two studies at the Fire Science Laboratory in Missoula, MT in 2006 and 2007. Levoglucosan (and other carbohydrates) were measured in these samples using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Results of this analysis along with water-soluble potassium, OC, and elemental carbon are presented. The results show that emissions of levoglucosan are fairly correlated with OC with an average ratio of 0.031 mu g C/mu g C. Further, there was a definite pattern that emerged based on fuel component burned with the typical levoglucosan/OC ratio of branches > straw > needles > leaves. Additionally, this carbohydrate measurement method appears to provide fingerprint information about the type of fuel burned that could help constrain profiles chosen for aerosol source apportionment and lead to a better determination of source contributions from biomass burning. C1 [Sullivan, A. P.; Holden, A. S.; Patterson, L. A.; McMeeking, G. R.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; Collett, J. L., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hao, W. M.; Wold, C. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sullivan, AP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sullivan@atmos.colostate.edu RI McMeeking, Gavin/A-7679-2008; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI McMeeking, Gavin/0000-0001-9782-3713; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU Joint Fire Science Program; National Park Service FX This work was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program and National Park Service. The authors would also like to thank Dr. L. R. Mazzoleni and R. Cullin for help with collecting the samples during FLAME I and Dr. G. Engling for his help during FLAME I and II. We thank Dr. B. A. Schichtel for providing the samples from the IMPROVE Radiocarbon Study. We also thank Dr. J. A. Cox for all her help and advice about the HPAEC-PAD system. Lastly, we want to acknowledge M. Chandler, J. Chong, D. Davis, Dr. G. Engling, E. Garrell, Dr. G. Gonzalez, S. Grace, J. Hinkley, R. Jandt, R. Moore, S. Mucci, R. Olson, Dr. K. Outcalt, J. Reardon, Dr. K. Robertson, P. Spaine, and Dr. D. Weise for providing the fuels used during FLAME I and II. NR 33 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 113 AR D22302 DI 10.1029/2008JD010216 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 375WP UT WOS:000261144800004 ER PT J AU Haney, LJ Coors, JG Lorenz, AJ Raman, DR Anex, RP Scott, MP AF Haney, Lisa J. Coors, James G. Lorenz, Aaron J. Raman, D. Raj Anex, Robert P. Scott, M. Paul TI Development of a fluorescence-based method for monitoring glucose catabolism and its potential use in a biomass hydrolysis assay SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article ID BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE; ZEA-MAYS L; ETHANOL; SORGHUM; MAIZE; FERMENTATION; PROTEIN; LIGNIN AB Background: The availability and low cost of lignocellulosic biomass has caused tremendous interest in the bioconversion of this feedstock into liquid fuels. One measure of the economic viability of the bioconversion process is the ease with which a particular feedstock is hydrolyzed and fermented. Because monitoring the analytes in hydrolysis and fermentation experiments is time consuming, the objective of this study was to develop a rapid fluorescence-based method to monitor sugar production during biomass hydrolysis, and to demonstrate its application in monitoring corn stover hydrolysis. Results: Hydrolytic enzymes were used in conjunction with Escherichia coli strain CA8404 (a hexose and pentose-consuming strain), modified to produce green fluorescent protein (GFP). The combination of hydrolytic enzymes and a sugar-consuming organism minimizes feedback inhibition of the hydrolytic enzymes. We observed that culture growth rate as measured by change in culture turbidity is proportional to GFP fluorescence and total growth and growth rate depends upon how much sugar is present at inoculation. Furthermore, it was possible to monitor the course of enzymatic hydrolysis in near real-time, though there are instrumentation challenges in doing this. Conclusion: We found that instantaneous fluorescence is proportional to the bacterial growth rate. As growth rate is limited by the availability of sugar, the integral of fluorescence is proportional to the amount of sugar consumed by the microbe. We demonstrate that corn stover varieties can be differentiated based on sugar yields in enzymatic hydrolysis reactions using post-hydrolysis fluorescence measurements. Also, it may be possible to monitor fluorescence in realtime during hydrolysis to compare different hydrolysis protocols. C1 [Scott, M. Paul] ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Haney, Lisa J.] Syngenta Seeds Inc, Bloomington, IL USA. [Coors, James G.; Lorenz, Aaron J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Raman, D. Raj; Anex, Robert P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lisa.haney@syngenta.com; jgcoors@wisc.edu; alorenz@wisc.edu; rajraman@iastate.edu; rpanex@iastate.edu; paul.scott@ars.usda.gov FU Iowa State University Agronomy Department Endowment; USDA-DOE; NRCS [68-3A75-4-137]; USDA-ARS [3781] FX LJH was supported by the Iowa State University Agronomy Department Endowment. AJL was supported by the USDA-DOE grant 'Integrated Feedstock Supply Systems for Corn Stover Biomass', NRCS 68-3A75-4-137. The funding organizations had no role in study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. This paper is a joint contribution from the Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, and project no. 3781 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA 50011. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 1 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-1-17 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 522NU UT WOS:000272005800001 PM 19019221 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Palti, Y Gahr, SA Vallejo, RL AF Rexroad, Caird E., III Palti, Yniv Gahr, Scott A. Vallejo, Roger L. TI A second generation genetic map for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Review ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; 1ST-GENERATION LINKAGE MAP; REPEAT-ENRICHED LIBRARIES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; RADIATION HYBRID MAP; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; HUMAN GENOME; DINUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES AB Background: Genetic maps characterizing the inheritance patterns of traits and markers have been developed for a wide range of species and used to study questions in biomedicine, agriculture, ecology and evolutionary biology. The status of rainbow trout genetic maps has progressed significantly over the last decade due to interest in this species in aquaculture and sport fisheries, and as a model research organism for studies related to carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. We constructed a second generation genetic map for rainbow trout using microsatellite markers to facilitate the identification of quantitative trait loci for traits affecting aquaculture production efficiency and the extraction of comparative information from the genome sequences of model fish species. Results: A genetic map ordering 1124 microsatellite loci spanning a sex-averaged distance of 2927.10 cM (Kosambi) and having 2.6 cM resolution was constructed by genotyping 10 parents and 150 offspring from the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture ( NCCCWA) reference family mapping panel. Microsatellite markers, representing pairs of loci resulting from an evolutionarily recent whole genome duplication event, identified 180 duplicated regions within the rainbow trout genome. Microsatellites associated with genes through expressed sequence tags or bacterial artificial chromosomes produced comparative assignments with tetraodon, zebrafish, fugu, and medaka resulting in assignments of homology for 199 loci. Conclusion: The second generation NCCCWA genetic map provides an increased microsatellite marker density and quantifies differences in recombination rate between the sexes in outbred populations. It has the potential to integrate with cytogenetic and other physical maps, identifying paralogous regions of the rainbow trout genome arising from the evolutionarily recent genome duplication event, and anchoring a comparative map with the zebrafish, medaka, tetraodon, and fugu genomes. This resource will facilitate the identification of genes affecting traits of interest through fine mapping and positional cloning of candidate genes. C1 [Rexroad, Caird E., III; Palti, Yniv; Gahr, Scott A.; Vallejo, Roger L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. EM caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov; ypalti@ars.usda.gov; sgahr@ars.usda.gov; rvallejo@ars.usda.gov NR 103 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 74 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-9-74 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 390VL UT WOS:000262191700001 PM 19019240 ER PT J AU Chen, F Liu, LS Cooke, PH Hicks, KB Zhang, JW AF Chen, Feng Liu, LinShu Cooke, Peter H. Hicks, Kevin B. Zhang, Jinwen TI Performance Enhancement of Poly(lactic acid) and Sugar Beet Pulp Composites by Improving Interfacial Adhesion and Penetration SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WOOD FLOUR COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GREEN COMPOSITES; BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS; CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ECO-COMPOSITES; FIBER; POLYPROPYLENE AB Sugar beet pulp (SBP), the residue from the sugar extraction process, contains abundant dietary fibers and is mainly used for feedstuff. In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and SBP composites were prepared using a twin screw extruder. The phase structure, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption of the composites were studied. The molecular weight change of PLA in the composites was also studied. Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as a coupling agent and resulted in significant increases in mechanical properties and water, resistance. The tensile strength. of the PLA/SBP (70/30 w/w) composite was only 56.9% that of neat PLA, but it was increased to 80.3% with the addition of 0.5% pMDI and further increased to 93.8% at 2% pMDI. With 50% SBP and 2% pMDI, the tensile strength of the composite was 87.8% of that of neat PLA. The microstructure of the composites indicated that the addition of pMDI greatly improved the wettability of the SBP particles by PLA and increased the penetration of PLA into the porous SBP. Consequently, the failure of the composites in mechanical testing changed from extensive debonding without pMDI to progressive rupture of the SBP particles with pMDI. C1 [Liu, LinShu; Cooke, Peter H.; Hicks, Kevin B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Chen, Feng; Zhang, Jinwen] Washington State Univ, Mat Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Feng; Zhang, Jinwen] Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM LinShu.Liu@ars.usda.gov; jwzhang@wsu.edu RI Chen, Feng/A-9314-2013; Zhang, Jinwen/G-8674-2014 OI Zhang, Jinwen/0000-0001-8828-114X NR 38 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 22 BP 8667 EP 8675 DI 10.1021/ie800930j PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 372GB UT WOS:000260889000021 ER PT J AU Druka, A Druka, I Centeno, AG Li, HQ Sun, ZH Thomas, WTB Bonar, N Steffenson, BJ Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A Wise, RP Close, TJ Potokina, E Luo, ZW Wagner, C Schweizer, GF Marshall, DF Kearsey, MJ Williams, RW Waugh, R AF Druka, Arnis Druka, Ilze Centeno, Arthur G. Li, Hongqiang Sun, Zhaohui Thomas, William T. B. Bonar, Nicola Steffenson, Brian J. Ullrich, Steven E. Kleinhofs, Andris Wise, Roger P. Close, Timothy J. Potokina, Elena Luo, Zewei Wagner, Carola Schweizer, Guenther F. Marshall, David F. Kearsey, Michael J. Williams, Robert W. Waugh, Robbie TI Towards systems genetic analyses in barley: Integration of phenotypic, expression and genotype data into GeneNetwork SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; POWDERY MILDEW; GENOME-WIDE; RESISTANCE; MAP; PLANTS; LEVEL; IDENTIFICATION; ARCHITECTURE AB Background: A typical genetical genomics experiment results in four separate data sets; genotype, gene expression, higher-order phenotypic data and metadata that describe the protocols, processing and the array platform. Used in concert, these data sets provide the opportunity to perform genetic analysis at a systems level. Their predictive power is largely determined by the gene expression dataset where tens of millions of data points can be generated using currently available mRNA profiling technologies. Such large, multidimensional data sets often have value beyond that extracted during their initial analysis and interpretation, particularly if conducted on widely distributed reference genetic materials. Besides quality and scale, access to the data is of primary importance as accessibility potentially allows the extraction of considerable added value from the same primary dataset by the wider research community. Although the number of genetical genomics experiments in different plant species is rapidly increasing, none to date has been presented in a form that allows quick and efficient on-line testing for possible associations between genes, loci and traits of interest by an entire research community. Description: Using a reference population of 150 recombinant doubled haploid barley lines we generated novel phenotypic, mRNA abundance and SNP-based genotyping data sets, added them to a considerable volume of legacy trait data and entered them into the GeneNetwork http://www.genenetwork.org. GeneNetwork is a unified on-line analytical environment that enables the user to test genetic hypotheses about how component traits, such as mRNA abundance, may interact to condition more complex biological phenotypes (higher-order traits). Here we describe these barley data sets and demonstrate some of the functionalities GeneNetwork provides as an easily accessible and integrated analytical environment for exploring them. Conclusion: By integrating barley genotypic, phenotypic and mRNA abundance data sets directly within GeneNetwork's analytical environment we provide simple web access to the data for the research community. In this environment, a combination of correlation analysis and linkage mapping provides the potential to identify and substantiate gene targets for saturation mapping and positional cloning. By integrating datasets from an unsequenced crop plant (barley) in a database that has been designed for an animal model species (mouse) with a well established genome sequence, we prove the importance of the concept and practice of modular development and interoperability of software engineering for biological data sets. C1 [Centeno, Arthur G.; Li, Hongqiang; Sun, Zhaohui; Williams, Robert W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Druka, Arnis; Druka, Ilze; Thomas, William T. B.; Bonar, Nicola; Marshall, David F.; Waugh, Robbie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Genet Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Druka, Ilze] Univ Abertay, Sch Comp & Creat Technol, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. [Steffenson, Brian J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ullrich, Steven E.; Kleinhofs, Andris] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Potokina, Elena; Luo, Zewei; Kearsey, Michael J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Wagner, Carola] Univ Giessen, Dept Plant Breeding, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Schweizer, Guenther F.] Bavarian State Res Ctr Agr, Dep Genome Anal, Inst Crop Prod & Plant Breeding, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Williams, RW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM Arnis.Druka@scri.ac.uk; ilzedr@hotmail.com; acenteno@utmem.edu; hli7@utmem.edu; zsun@utmem.edu; William.Thomas@scri.ac.uk; Nicola.Bonar@scri.ac.uk; bsteffen@umn.edu; ullrich@wsu.edu; andyk@wsu.edu; rpwise@iastate.edu; timothy.close@ucr.edu; e.potokina@vir.nw.ru; z.luo@bham.ac.uk; mail@carolawagner.de; guenther.schweizer@LfL.bayern.de; David.Marshall@scri.ac.uk; m.j.kearsey@bham.ac.uk; rwilliam@nb.utmem.edu; Robbie.Waugh@scri.ac.uk RI Marshall, David/F-2471-2011; Potokina, Elena/B-1211-2014 OI Marshall, David/0000-0001-9309-2570; FU BBSRC/SEERAD [SCR/910/04] FX This work was supported by the BBSRC/SEERAD response mode grant SCR/910/04 to Robbie Waugh and Mike Kearsey. GeneNetwork is funded Thanks to Kazuhiro Sato at the Barley Germplasm Center, Okayama University for providing the Steptoe x Morex population for the grain morphometric analysis. Beth Tacke and Howard Casper are acknowledged for the DON tests. The authors are also thankful to an anonymous reviewer for illustrating the potential of functional mapping for efficiently establishing associations between existing QTL, as well as for novel QTL discovery. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 73 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-9-73 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 403MD UT WOS:000263085800001 PM 19017390 ER PT J AU Mondego, JMC Carazzolle, MF Costa, GGL Formighieri, EF Parizzi, LP Rincones, J Cotomacci, C Carraro, DM Cunha, AF Carrer, H Vidal, RO Estrela, RC Garcia, O Thomazella, DPT de Oliveira, BV Pires, ABL Rio, MCS Araujo, MRR de Moraes, MH Castro, LAB Gramacho, KP Goncalves, MS Neto, JPM Neto, AG Barbosa, LV Guiltinan, MJ Bailey, BA Meinhardt, LW Cascardo, JCM Pereira, GAG AF Mondego, Jorge M. C. Carazzolle, Marcelo F. Costa, Gustavo G. L. Formighieri, Eduardo F. Parizzi, Lucas P. Rincones, Johana Cotomacci, Carolina Carraro, Dirce M. Cunha, Anderson F. Carrer, Helaine Vidal, Ramon O. Estrela, Raissa C. Garcia, Odalys Thomazella, Daniela P. T. de Oliveira, Bruno V. Pires, Acassia B. L. Rio, Maria Carolina S. Araujo, Marcos Renato R. de Moraes, Marcos H. Castro, Luis A. B. Gramacho, Karina P. Goncalves, Marilda S. Neto, Jose P. Moura Neto, Aristoteles Goes Barbosa, Luciana V. Guiltinan, Mark J. Bailey, Bryan A. Meinhardt, Lyndel W. Cascardo, Julio C. M. Pereira, Goncalo A. G. TI A genome survey of Moniliophthora perniciosa gives new insights into Witches' Broom Disease of cacao SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Review ID THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEIN; PATHOGEN CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CAUSAL AGENT; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS AB Background: The basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of Witches' Broom Disease (WBD) in cacao (Theobroma cacao). It is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that colonizes the apoplast of cacao's meristematic tissues as a biotrophic pathogen, switching to a saprotrophic lifestyle during later stages of infection. M. perniciosa, together with the related species M. roreri, are pathogens of aerial parts of the plant, an uncommon characteristic in the order Agaricales. A genome survey (1.9 x coverage) of M. perniciosa was analyzed to evaluate the overall gene content of this phytopathogen. Results: Genes encoding proteins involved in retrotransposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) resistance, drug efflux transport and cell wall degradation were identified. The great number of genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (1.15% of gene models) indicates that M. perniciosa has a great potential for detoxification, production of toxins and hormones; which may confer a high adaptive ability to the fungus. We have also discovered new genes encoding putative secreted polypeptides rich in cysteine, as well as genes related to methylotrophy and plant hormone biosynthesis (gibberellin and auxin). Analysis of gene families indicated that M. perniciosa have similar amounts of carboxylesterases and repertoires of plant cell wall degrading enzymes as other hemibiotrophic fungi. In addition, an approach for normalization of gene family data using incomplete genome data was developed and applied in M. perniciosa genome survey. Conclusion: This genome survey gives an overview of the M. perniciosa genome, and reveals that a significant portion is involved in stress adaptation and plant necrosis, two necessary characteristics for a hemibiotrophic fungus to fulfill its infection cycle. Our analysis provides new evidence revealing potential adaptive traits that may play major roles in the mechanisms of pathogenicity in the M. perniciosa/cacao pathosystem. C1 [Mondego, Jorge M. C.; Carazzolle, Marcelo F.; Costa, Gustavo G. L.; Formighieri, Eduardo F.; Parizzi, Lucas P.; Rincones, Johana; Cotomacci, Carolina; Vidal, Ramon O.; Estrela, Raissa C.; Garcia, Odalys; Thomazella, Daniela P. T.; de Oliveira, Bruno V.; Rio, Maria Carolina S.; Araujo, Marcos Renato R.; de Moraes, Marcos H.; Pereira, Goncalo A. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Carraro, Dirce M.] Hosp AC Camargo Fund Antonio Prudente, Lab Genom & Biol Mol, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cunha, Anderson F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genoma & Hemoglobina, HEMOCENTRO, BR-13084878 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Carrer, Helaine] USP, ESALQ, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Pires, Acassia B. L.; Cascardo, Julio C. M.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Genom & Expressao Gen, Dept Genet & Biol Mol, BR-45650000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Castro, Luis A. B.] Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Gramacho, Karina P.] CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, BR-45600970 Itabuna, BA, Brazil. [Goncalves, Marilda S.; Neto, Jose P. Moura] Univ Fed Bahia, Mol Biol Lab, Fac Farm, BR-40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Neto, Aristoteles Goes] UEFS, LAPEM, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-44031460 Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil. [Barbosa, Luciana V.] Univ Fed Bahia, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Biol Geral, Inst Biol, BR-40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Guiltinan, Mark J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bailey, Bryan A.; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] USDA, ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pereira, GAG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Inst Biol, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM jmcmondego@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; mcarazzo@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; glacerda@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; eduformi@gmail.com; lucas@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; johanarp@unicamp.br; caca@unicamp.br; dirce.carraro@hcancer.org.br; anderf@unicamp.br; hecarrer@esalq.usp.br; vidal@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; raissa@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; odalys@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; danitt@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; bvo@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; acassia@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; scatolin@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; marcos.araujo@griaulebiometrics.com; mhmoraes@lge.ibi.unicamp.br; lbarreto@mct.gov.br; karina@cepec.gov.br; mari@bahia.fiocruz.br; jpneto@cpqgm.fiocruz.br; agoesnt@uefs.br; veiga@ufba.br; mjg9@psu.edu; bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov; lyndel.meinhardt@ars.usda.gov; cascardo@uesc.br; goncalo@unicamp.br RI Goncalves, Marilda/B-5904-2014; Rincones, Johana/I-6337-2013; carraro, dirce/C-9179-2009; Goes-Neto, Aristoteles/A-6955-2013; 2, INCT/G-6506-2013; Costa, Gustavo/B-6312-2009; Vidal, Ramon/C-3127-2011; Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella/C-6503-2012; de Toledo Thomazella, Daniela/D-2750-2012; Formighieri, Eduardo/F-2993-2012; Carrer, Helaine/C-3159-2012; Cabrera, Odalys/D-2845-2013; Rio, Maria/I-8900-2012; Bioetanol, Inct/I-1068-2013 OI carraro, dirce/0000-0001-5667-1418; Gramacho, Karina/0000-0003-4037-1554; Goes-Neto, Aristoteles/0000-0002-7692-6243; Carrer, Helaine/0000-0002-9329-1841; NR 136 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 548 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-548 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 417VJ UT WOS:000264106300001 PM 19019209 ER PT J AU Larue, RS Jonsson, SR Silverstein, KAT Lajoie, M Bertrand, D El-Mabrouk, N Hotzel, I Andresdottir, V Smith, TPL Harris, RS AF Larue, Rebecca S. Jonsson, Stefan R. Silverstein, Kevin A. T. Lajoie, Mathieu Bertrand, Denis El-Mabrouk, Nadia Hoetzel, Isidro Andresdottir, Valgerdur Smith, Timothy P. L. Harris, Reuben S. TI The artiodactyl APOBEC3 innate immune repertoire shows evidence for a multi-functional domain organization that existed in the ancestor of placental mammals SO BMC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-VIRUS REPLICATION; HUMAN LINE-1 RETROTRANSPOSITION; CYTIDINE DEAMINASE APOBEC3H; HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; INDUCED NUCLEAR FACTORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL FACTOR; IN-VIVO; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN AB Background: APOBEC3 (A3) proteins deaminate DNA cytosines and block the replication of retroviruses and retrotransposons. Each A3 gene encodes a protein with one or two conserved zinc-coordinating motifs (Z1, Z2 or Z3). The presence of one A3 gene in mice (Z2-Z3) and seven in humans, A3A-H (Z1a, Z2a- Z1b, Z2b, Z2c- Z2d, Z2e-Z2f, Z2g-Z1c, Z3), suggests extraordinary evolutionary flexibility. To gain insights into the mechanism and timing of A3 gene expansion and into the functional modularity of these genes, we analyzed the genomic sequences, expressed cDNAs and activities of the full A3 repertoire of three artiodactyl lineages: sheep, cattle and pigs. Results: Sheep and cattle have three A3 genes, A3Z1, A3Z2 and A3Z3, whereas pigs only have two, A3Z2 and A3Z3. A comparison between domestic and wild pigs indicated that A3Z1 was deleted in the pig lineage. In all three species, read-through transcription and alternative splicing also produced a catalytically active double domain A3Z2-Z3 protein that had a distinct cytoplasmic localization. Thus, the three A3 genes of sheep and cattle encode four conserved and active proteins. These data, together with phylogenetic analyses, indicated that a similar, functionally modular A3 repertoire existed in the common ancestor of artiodactyls and primates (i. e., the ancestor of placental mammals). This mammalian ancestor therefore possessed the minimal A3 gene set, Z1-Z2-Z3, required to evolve through a remarkable series of eight recombination events into the present day eleven Z domain human repertoire. Conclusion: The dynamic recombination-filled history of the mammalian A3 genes is consistent with the modular nature of the locus and a model in which most of these events (especially the expansions) were selected by ancient pathogenic retrovirus infections. C1 [Larue, Rebecca S.; Jonsson, Stefan R.; Harris, Reuben S.] Univ Minnesota, Beckman Res Ctr Genome Engn, Inst Mol Virol, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Jonsson, Stefan R.; Andresdottir, Valgerdur] Univ Iceland, Inst Expt Pathol, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Silverstein, Kevin A. T.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Canc Ctr, Biostat & Bioinformat Grp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lajoie, Mathieu; Bertrand, Denis; El-Mabrouk, Nadia] Univ Montreal, DIRO, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hoetzel, Isidro] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, Timothy P. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Breeding & Genet Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Harris, RS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Beckman Res Ctr Genome Engn, Inst Mol Virol, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM larue005@umn.edu; stefanjo@hi.is; silve023@umn.edu; mathieu.lajoie@gmail.com; dbertran78@gmail.com; mabrouk@iro.umontreal.ca; ihotzel@mac.com; valand@hi.is; Tim.Smith@ars.usda.gov; rsh@umn.edu FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Searle Scholarship and a University of Minnesota McKnight Land; NIH [AI064046] FX We thank L. Beach, H. Malik, M. Murtaugh and M. Stenglein for valuable feedback. We thank K. Tennill and R. Godtel for assistance with BAC DNA sequencing, D. Shiroma and S. Fahrenkrug for help identifying pig BAC clones, M. Stenglein for several expression plasmids, M. Titus for use of her microscope, L. Hartman for pig and sheep samples, C. Knutson for cow samples, J. Zimmerman and R. Molina for peccary blood, P. Krauseman for peccary brain tissue and M. Ruen and O. Holland for opossum samples. R. LaRue is a member of the University of Minnesota CMB Graduate Program. S. Jonsson was the 2004-2005 Val Bjornson Icelandic Exchange Scholarship recipient. M. Lajoie was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research studentship. D. Bertrand and N. El-Mabrouk were supported by grants from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. R. Harris was supported in part by a Searle Scholarship and a University of Minnesota McKnight Land Grant Assistant Professorship. This work was also supported by NIH grant AI064046. The University of Minnesota Advanced Genetic Analysis Facility assisted with DNA sequencing. NR 94 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2199 J9 BMC MOL BIOL JI BMC Mol. Biol. PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 104 DI 10.1186/1471-2199-9-104 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 391UH UT WOS:000262258400001 PM 19017397 ER PT J AU Yoshinaga, N Aboshi, T Abe, H Nishida, R Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH Mori, N AF Yoshinaga, Naoko Aboshi, Takako Abe, Hiroaki Nishida, Ritsuo Alborn, Hans T. Tumlinson, James H. Mori, Naoki TI Active role of fatty acid amino acid conjugates in nitrogen metabolism in Spodoptera litura larvae SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE volicitin; insect physiology; plant defense; glutamine; insect-produced elicitors ID VOLICITIN-RELATED COMPOUNDS; PLANT VOLATILES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; LEPIDOPTERAN CATERPILLARS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; NATURAL ENEMIES; MEAL PROTEIN; L-GLUTAMINE; HERBIVORE; ELICITOR AB Since the first fatty acid amino acid conjugate (FAC) was isolated from regurgitant of Spodoptera exigua larvae in 1997 [volicitin: N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine], their role as elicitors of induced responses in plants has been well documented. However, studies of the biosyntheses and the physiological role of FACs in the insect have been minimal. By using (14)C-labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, and linolenic acid in feeding studies of Spodoptera litura larvae, combined with tissue analyses, we found glutamine in the midgut cells to be a major source for biosynthesis of FACs. Furthermore, 20% of the glutamine moiety of FACs was derived from glutamic acid and ammonia through enzymatic reaction of glutamine synthetase (GS). To determine whether FACs improve GS productivity, we studied nitrogen assimilation efficiency of S. litura larvae fed on artificial diets containing (15)NH(4)Cl and glutamic acid. When the diet was enriched with linolenic acid, the nitrogen assimilation efficiency improved from 40% to >60%. In the lumen, the biosynthesized FACs are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glutamine, which are reabsorbed into tissues and hemolymph. These results strongly suggested that FACs play an active role in nitrogen assimilation in Lepidoptera larva and that glutamine containing FACs in the gut lumen may function as a form of storage of glutamine, a key compound of nitrogen metabolism. C1 [Yoshinaga, Naoko; Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yoshinaga, Naoko; Aboshi, Takako; Abe, Hiroaki; Nishida, Ritsuo; Mori, Naoki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Div Appl Life Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Alborn, Hans T.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jht2@psu.edu; mokurin@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; National Research Initiative [2006-35607-16950]; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension service,; U.S. Department of Agriculture; [15580090]; [18580053]; [19580122] FX We thank Dr. Y. Nakagawa and Dr. M. Yamasaki for technical help and Dr. Irmgard Seidl-Adams for critical reading of the manuscript. This work carried out in part at the Radioisotope Research Center of Kyoto University and was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 15580090, 18580053, and 19580122; by the 21st-century COE program for Innovative Food and Environmental Studies Pioneered by Entomomimetic Sciences from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; and by Grant 2006-35607-16950 from National Research Initiative, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 46 BP 18058 EP 18063 DI 10.1073/pnas.0809623105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 377BB UT WOS:000261225600088 PM 18997016 ER PT J AU Tobin, GJ Trujillo, JD Bushnell, RV Lin, G Chaudhuri, AR Long, JX Barrerad, J Pena, L Grubman, MJ Nara, PL AF Tobin, Gregory J. Trujillo, Jessie D. Bushnell, Ruth V. Lin, George Chaudhuri, A. Ray Long, Jinxue Barrerad, Jose Pena, Lindomar Grubman, Marvin J. Nara, Peter L. TI Deceptive imprinting and immune refocusing in vaccine design SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Immune refocusing; Deceptive imprinting; Vaccine design ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; SURFACE ENVELOPE; AVIAN INFLUENZA; DNA VACCINES; HEMAGGLUTININ AB A large number of the world's most widespread and problematic pathogens evade host immune responses by inducing strain-specific immunity to immunodominant epitopes with high mutation rates capable of altering antigenic profiles. The immune system appears to be decoyed into reacting to these immunodominant epitopes that offer little cross protection between serotypes or subtypes. For example, during HIV-1 infection, the immune system reacts strongly to the V1, V2, and/or V3 loops of the Surface envelope glycoprotein but not to epitopes that afford broad protection against strain variants. Similarly, the host mounts strain-specific immunity to immunodominant epitopes of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein. A large number of pathogens appear to exploit this weakness in the host immune system by focusing antigenic attention upon highly variable epitopes while avoiding surveillance toward more highly conserved receptor binding sites or other essential functional domains. Because the propensity of the immune system to react against immunodominant strain-specific epitopes appears to be genetically hard-wired, the phenomenon has been termed "deceptive imprinting." In this review, the authors describe observations related to deceptive imprinting in multiple systems and propose strategies for overcoming this phenomenon in the design of vaccines capable of inducing protection against highly variable pathogens. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tobin, Gregory J.; Bushnell, Ruth V.; Lin, George; Chaudhuri, A. Ray; Long, Jinxue; Nara, Peter L.] Biol Mimet Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Trujillo, Jessie D.] Utah State Univ, Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lin, George] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Barrerad, Jose; Pena, Lindomar; Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Nara, Peter L.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Nara, Peter L.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Adv Host Def Immunobiot & Translat Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Tobin, GJ (reprint author), Biol Mimet Inc, 124 Byte Dr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM tobin@bmi-md.com; nara@bmi-md.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI 44364-01, R43 AI055221-01, R43 AI48972-01/02] NR 66 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 49 SI SI BP 6189 EP 6199 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.080 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 379AO UT WOS:000261366900005 PM 18852005 ER PT J AU Koop, BF von Schalburg, KR Leong, J Walker, N Lieph, R Cooper, GA Robb, A Beetz-Sargent, M Holt, RA Moore, R Brahmbhatt, S Rosner, J Rexroad, CE McGowan, CR Davidson, WS AF Koop, Ben F. von Schalburg, Kristian R. Leong, Jong Walker, Neil Lieph, Ryan Cooper, Glenn A. Robb, Adrienne Beetz-Sargent, Marianne Holt, Robert A. Moore, Richard Brahmbhatt, Sonal Rosner, Jamie Rexroad, Caird E., III McGowan, Colin R. Davidson, William S. TI A salmonid EST genomic study: genes, duplications, phylogeny and microarrays SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; EVOLUTION; DATABASE; FISH; ONCORHYNCHUS; SALAR; GENERATION; LIBRARY AB Background: Salmonids are of interest because of their relatively recent genome duplication, and their extensive use in wild fisheries and aquaculture. A comprehensive gene list and a comparison of genes in some of the different species provide valuable genomic information for one of the most widely studied groups of fish. Results: 298,304 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Atlantic salmon (69% of the total), 11,664 chinook, 10,813 sockeye, 10,051 brook trout, 10,975 grayling, 8,630 lake whitefish, and 3,624 northern pike ESTs were obtained in this study and have been deposited into the public databases. Contigs were built and putative full-length Atlantic salmon clones have been identified. A database containing ESTs, assemblies, consensus sequences, open reading frames, gene predictions and putative annotation is available. The overall similarity between Atlantic salmon ESTs and those of rainbow trout, chinook, sockeye, brook trout, grayling, lake whitefish, northern pike and rainbow smelt is 93.4, 94.2, 94.6, 94.4, 92.5, 91.7, 89.6, and 86.2% respectively. An analysis of 78 transcript sets show Salmo as a sister group to Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus within Salmoninae, and Thymallinae as a sister group to Salmoninae and Coregoninae within Salmonidae. Extensive gene duplication is consistent with a genome duplication in the common ancestor of salmonids. Using all of the available EST data, a new expanded salmonid cDNA microarray of 32,000 features was created. Cross-species hybridizations to this cDNA microarray indicate that this resource will be useful for studies of all 68 salmonid species. Conclusion: An extensive collection and analysis of salmonid RNA putative transcripts indicate that Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon and charr are 94-96% similar while the more distant whitefish, grayling, pike and smelt are 93, 92, 89 and 86% similar to salmon. The salmonid transcriptome reveals a complex history of gene duplication that is consistent with an ancestral salmonid genome duplication hypothesis. Genome resources, including a new 32 K microarray, provide valuable new tools to study salmonids. C1 [Koop, Ben F.; von Schalburg, Kristian R.; Leong, Jong; Walker, Neil; Lieph, Ryan; Cooper, Glenn A.; Robb, Adrienne; Beetz-Sargent, Marianne] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Holt, Robert A.; Moore, Richard] BC Canc Agcy, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. [Brahmbhatt, Sonal; Rosner, Jamie] Prostate Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada. [Rexroad, Caird E., III] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [McGowan, Colin R.; Davidson, William S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Koop, Ben F.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. RP Koop, BF (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. EM bkoop@uvic.ca; krvs@uvic.ca; jong@uvic.ca; nwalker@uvic.ca; handsomryan@gmail.com; gac@uvic.ca; arobb@uvic.ca; marianbs@uvic.ca; rholt@bcgsc.ca; rmoore@bcgsc.ca; Sonal.Brahmbhatt@vch.ca; Jamie.Rosner@vch.ca; caird.rexroadIII@ARS.USDA.GOV; cmcgowan@icywaters.com; wdavidso@sfu.ca RI Koop, Ben/A-8151-2008; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Holt, Robert/C-3303-2009 OI Koop, Ben/0000-0003-0045-5200; FU Genome Canada; Genome British Columbia; NSERC FX We would like to thank Dr. John Taylor for his critical reviews of earlier manuscripts. For their help in laboratory efforts we gratefully acknowledge Matt Rise, Niko Rebenich, Stacy So, Stuart Jantzen, Meagan Auger, Ashley Conroy, Rebecca Wagner, Alan Wardroper, and Peter Hunt. For their support gathering samples we thank Drs. Robert Devlin, Craig Primmer, Louis Bernatchez, Rachael Ritchie and Vanya Ewart. The authors also wish to thank Anne Haegert and Robert Bell of the Prostate Centre Microarray Facility, Vancouver, Canada for their help with microarray development. This research was supported by Genome Canada and Genome British Columbia. Bioinformatics support was also provided through NSERC funds. NR 44 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 34 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 17 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 545 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-545 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 403UM UT WOS:000263107500003 PM 19014685 ER PT J AU Milian-Suazo, F Harris, B Diaz, CA Torres, CR Stuber, T Ojeda, GA Loredo, AM Soria, MP Payeur, JB AF Milian-Suazo, Feliciano Harris, Beth Diaz, Camila Arriaga Torres, Cecilia Romero Stuber, Tod Ojeda, Genoveva Alvarez Loredo, Alberto Morales Soria, Martina Perez Payeur, Janet B. TI Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis: Usefulness in international trade SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Animal health; Bovine Tuberculosis; Molecular epidemiology; M. bovis; Tuberculosis ID NEW-ZEALAND; TUBERCULOSIS; ANIMALS; STRAINS; MEXICO; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISM; HUMANS; CATTLE AB Tuberculosis (TB) represents a barrier for free trade of livestock between Mexico and the United States of America (US). In spite of efforts from Mexico to export TB-free animals, some of those found with TB lesions in slaughterhouses in the US are traced back to that country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine, through molecular epidemiology, the most probable source of infection for cattle found with TB lesions in the US. Ninety M. bovis isolates, 50 from Mexico obtained from cattle in 8 different states, and 40 from the US from cattle, deer, elk and feral pigs from 7 different states were included in the study. All samples were analyzed in both laboratories, Mexico and the US, following the same protocol for molecular analysis by spoligotyping. Twenty-seven clusters, ranging from 1 to 18 genetically similar strains were found. Some clustering by country was observed, strains from cattle and deer in Michigan in the US fell into the same cluster, suggesting transmission between species. These results, combined with epidemiological information suggest that despite of the possibility that some animals with lesions in the US come from Mexico as false negatives, the US has its own source of infection, must probably in dairy cattle and wildlife. Genetic diversity of isolates from Mexico was larger than that in the US, which could be a consequence of the endemic status of the disease and the indiscriminate movement of animals between regions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Milian-Suazo, Feliciano; Soria, Martina Perez] CENIDFA INIFAP, Programa Nacl Epidemiol, Ajuchitlan 76280, Qro, Mexico. [Harris, Beth; Stuber, Tod; Payeur, Janet B.] Natl Vet Serv Lab APHIS USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Diaz, Camila Arriaga; Torres, Cecilia Romero] CENID Microbiol INIFAP, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ojeda, Genoveva Alvarez; Loredo, Alberto Morales] Campo Expt Teheran, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Milian-Suazo, F (reprint author), Cerro Acambay 110,Colinas Cimatario, Queretaro 76090, Qro, Mexico. EM milian.feliciano@inifap.gob.mx FU CONACYT-Mexico [SAGARPA-2003-CO1-122] FX Supported by CONACYT-Mexico, Project No. SAGARPA-2003-CO1-122. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 17 PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.04.004 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 363ST UT WOS:000260287700005 PM 18524398 ER PT J AU Venegas, B Wolfson, MR Cooke, PH Chong, PLG AF Venegas, Berenice Wolfson, Marla R. Cooke, Peter H. Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau TI High Vapor Pressure Perfluorocarbons Cause Vesicle Fusion and Changes in Membrane Packing SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL LIQUID VENTILATION; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; LAURDAN FLUORESCENCE; LIPID-MEMBRANES; DRUG-DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; PERFLUBRON; SUPERLATTICE AB Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) hold great promise for biomedical applications. However, relatively little is known about the impact of these chemicals on membranes. We used unilamellar vesicles to explore the effects of PFCs on membrane packing and vesicle stability. Four clinically relevant PFCs with varying vapor pressures (PP1, 294 mbar; PP2, 141 mbar; PP4, 9.6 mbar; and PP9, 2.9 mbar) were examined. Microscopy imaging and spectroscopic measurements suggest that PFCs, especially those with high vapor pressures, lead to vesicle fusion within hours. Upon exposure to PP1 and PP2 for 72 h, vesicles retained a spherical shape, but the size changed from similar to 200 nm to similar to 20-40 mu m. In addition, membrane packing underwent marked changes during this timeframe. A significant decrease in water content in the lipid polar headgroup regions occurred during the first 1-2-h exposure to PFCs, followed by a steady increase in water content over time. Possible mechanisms were proposed to explain these dramatic structural changes. The finding that chemically inert PFCs exhibited fusogenic activity and marked changes in membrane surface packing is novel, and should be considered when using PFCs for biomedical applications. C1 [Venegas, Berenice; Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Wolfson, Marla R.] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Wolfson, Marla R.] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chong, PLG (reprint author), Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 3420 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM pchong02@temple.edu FU American Heart Association [0255082N]; Pennsylvania Department of Health; National Science Foundation [DMR-0706410] FX We are thankful for support from the American Heart Association (P.L.G.C.: grant 0255082N), the Pennsylvania Department of Health (P.L.G.C., M.R.W.), and the National Science Foundation (P.L.-G.C.: DMR-0706410). NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 10 BP 4737 EP 4747 DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.133496 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 366YK UT WOS:000260519300025 PM 18689464 ER PT J AU Mello, CR Viola, MR Norton, LD Silva, AM Weimar, FA AF Mello, C. R. Viola, M. R. Norton, L. D. Silva, A. M. Weimar, F. A. TI Development and application of a simple hydrologic model simulation for a Brazilian headwater basin SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Hydrology prediction; Land-use change; Soil use planning; Water yield ID LAND-USE CHANGE; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; RIVER-BASIN; SOIL; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; IMPACTS; BALANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; AFFORESTATION AB Physically based hydrologic models for watersheds are important tools to support water resources management and predict hydrologic impacts produced by land-use change. Grande River Basin is located in southern Minas Gerais State, and the Grande River is the main tributary of Basin which has 2080 km(2) draining into the Camargos Hydropower Plant Reservoir (CEMIG - "Minas Gerais State Energy Company"). The objectives of this work were: 1) to create a semi-physically based hydrologic model in semi-distributed to sub-basins approach and based on GIS and Remote Sensing tools and, 2) to simulate the hydrologic responses of the Grande River Basin, thus creating an important tool for management and planning of water resources for region. The hydrologic model is based on the SCS Curve Number (SCS-CN) and MGB/IPH models, and structured into three hydrologic components: estimation of the flow components (quick runoff, hortonian and base flows), propagation into the respective soil reservoirs (surface, sub-surface and shallow saturated zone) and propagation into the channels. Precipitation and discharge data sets were obtained from the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA). Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data were obtained from the Brazilian National Meteorological Institute (INMET). In order to estimate actual evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, soil moisture and satellite image interpretation of actual land-use were applied. The long-term hydrologic data series were structured for period between 1990 and 2003. The calibration and validation process was carried out by evaluating the behavior of the Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (C-NS), obtained from three different combinations of calibration and validation years. This allowed us to evaluate the model performance to simulate years in which El Nino (EN) and La Nina (LN) events were registered (1997-1998 and 1999-2000, respectively). The combinations of calibration and validation years were: the first 7 years to calibrate and remaining 6 years to validate: the first 9 years to calibrate and remaining 4 years to validate; and first 11 years to calibrate and the last 2 years to validate. The statistical precision showed that the model was able to simulate the hydrologic impacts. including years of EN and LN events, with CNS scores greater than 0.70 in both situations. The evaluation of the C-NS scores showed small variation in the coefficient as the years of validation decreased. In addition, the model was also able to simulate the hydrologic impacts of land-use change in the Grande River Basin, based on the C-NS scores of 0.80 for different combinations of validation periods. The hydrologic impacts in Grande River Basin produced from grassland area converted to eucalyptus under three specific scenarios were evaluated, which predicted annual runoff mean reductions of up to 17.8%. due to an increase in evapotranspiration rate for the eucalyptus plantation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mello, C. R.; Viola, M. R.; Silva, A. M.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Engn, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Norton, L. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Weimar, F. A.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Forest Sci, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. RP Mello, CR (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Engn, CP 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. EM crmello@ufla.br RI de Mello, Carlos/G-5821-2012; Viola, Marcelo/F-7019-2012 OI de Mello, Carlos/0000-0002-6033-5342; FU CNPQ; CNPQ/CT-Hidro FX The authors thank CNPQ and CNPQ/CT-Hidro for financial support of this research and scholarships to the first, second and fourth authors. Furthermore, we would like to thank the Brazilian Water Agency (ANA) and Brazilian National Meteorology Institute (INMET) for data sets used in this research. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which surely improved the paper. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2008.07.002 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 377LE UT WOS:000261251900001 ER PT J AU An, S Zheng, F Zhang, F Van Pelt, S Hamer, U Makeschin, F AF An, Shaoshan Zheng, Fenli Zhang, Feng Van Pelt, Scott Hamer, Ute Makeschin, Franz TI Soil quality degradation processes along a deforestation chronosequence in the Ziwuling area, China SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Accelerated soil erosion; Deforestation; Soil quality; Loess Plateau; Soil enzyme activities; Wet aggregate stability ID LOESS PLATEAU; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; LAND-USE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NUTRIENT LOSS; CARBON; EROSION; STABILIZATION; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Accelerated erosion caused by deforestation and soil degradation has become the primary factor limiting sustainable utilization of soil resources on the Loess Plateau of Northwestern China. We studied the physical, chemical, and microbiological processes of soil degradation along a chronosequence of deforestation in the Ziwuling area of northwestern Shaanxi province. The results indicated that soil wet aggregate stability, mean aggregate diameter decreased with years following deforestation. Accelerated erosion resulted in soil nutrient loss, and a decrease in soil enzyme activities including notable losses of total soil N, organic C, alkaline phosphatase activity, and invertase activity. During the early time period, the rates of total soil N, organic C, alkaline phosphatase activity, and invertase activity decreasing were rapid and gradually decreased with deforestation years. Increased use of nitrogen fertilizers made determination of soil quality based on measured NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N inconclusive. The differences in measured parameters between the topsoil and subsoil horizons decreased with time since deforestation, and we concluded that soil erosion was the primary process responsible for the degradation of measured soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [An, Shaoshan; Zheng, Fenli; Zhang, Feng] NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [An, Shaoshan; Zheng, Fenli; Zhang, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [An, Shaoshan; Zheng, Fenli; Zhang, Feng] Minist Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Van Pelt, Scott] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Hamer, Ute; Makeschin, Franz] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Soil Sci & Site Ecol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. RP Zheng, F (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM flzh@ms.iswc.ac.cn RI Hamer, Ute/J-5519-2016 OI Hamer, Ute/0000-0002-3845-3983 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407201]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40701095]; Innovation Team Plan of Northwest A F University [01140202] FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB407201), National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (40701095) and the Innovation Team Plan of Northwest A & F University (01140202). The authors express their sincere thanks to the reviewers and issue editor of the journal for their valuable comments, suggestions, and revisions of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 3 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2008.07.003 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 377LE UT WOS:000261251900002 ER PT J AU Phillips, JD Marion, DA Turkington, AV AF Phillips, Jonathan D. Marion, Daniel A. Turkington, Alice V. TI Pedologic and geomorphic impacts of a tornado blowdown event in a mixed pine-hardwood forest SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Bioturbation; Biomechanical effects; Tree uprooting; Biogeomorphology; Forest disturbance; Blowdown ID OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; MOUND MICRORELIEF; SOIL FORMATION; USA; BIOTURBATION; TREETHROW; REGOLITH; WINDTHROW; WISCONSIN; PATTERNS AB Biomechanical effects of trees on soils and surface processes may be extensive in forest environments. Two blowdown sites caused by a November 2005 tornado in the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas allowed a case study examination of bioturbation associated with a specific forest blowdown event, as well as detailed examination of relationships between tree root systems, soils, and underlying bedrock. The sites occur within mixed shortleaf pine and hardwood forests. More than 95% of trees in the severe blowdown areas were either uprooted or suffered trunk break. with uprooting more common than breakage. Within the most heavily damaged areas all uprooted trees were pines, while all trees left standing were hardwoods. Root wads of uprooted trees had a mean surface area of about 3 m(2) and volume of about 2 m(3), though individual sizes were quite variable. Nearly 4% of the ground surface area was affected by uprootings, with a soil volume equivalent to a disturbance of the entire surface area to a depth of 2.4 cm. Tree size (as measured by diameter at breast height) was significantly related to the area and volume of root wads (R(2)=0.55, 0.71, respectively), with volume of uprooted soil varying as diameter to the similar to 3 power, suggesting that the timing of blowdown events relative to tree age or growth stage significantly influences the area of disturbance and the mass and volume of material involved. In 93% of cases the roots of the uprooted trees contacted or penetrated the underlying bedrock, and in all those cases bedrock was quarried by uprooting. Only 11% of the tree throws showed evidence of general lateral root turning at the soil-bedrock interface; in most cases roots penetrated bedrock along joints. The propensity for tree roots to penetrate bedrock joints, facilitate weathering, and excavate bedrock during uprooting supports the idea that tree roots play a predominant role in locally deepening soils. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Jonathan D.; Marion, Daniel A.; Turkington, Alice V.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Tobacco Rd Res Team, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Marion, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Tobacco Rd Res Team, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jdp@uky.edu OI Marion, Daniel/0000-0002-5871-8969 FU USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station FX This work was supported by cost-share funding from the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. "Johnny Ouachita" Davenport assisted with fieldwork. Ken Luckow, Donnie Robertson, Annetta Cox, and Mark Adams (USDA Forest Service) and John Lewis (National Weather Service) provided data and technical assistance. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 3 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2008.07.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 377LE UT WOS:000261251900005 ER PT J AU Fornero, JJ Rosenbaum, M Cotta, MA Angenent, LT AF Fornero, Jeffrey J. Rosenbaum, Miriam Cotta, Michael A. Angenent, Largus T. TI Microbial Fuel Cell Performance with a Pressurized Cathode Chamber SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCREASED POWER PRODUCTION; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; BIOCATHODE; MEMBRANES; CATION AB Microbial fuel cell (MFC) power densities are often constrained by the oxygen reduction reaction rate on the cathode electrode. One important factor for this is the normally low solubility of oxygen in the aqueous cathode solution, which creates mass transport limitation and hinders oxygen reduction at the electrocatalyst (platinum, Pt). Here, we increased the air pressure in the cathode chamber to increase the solubility and consequently the availability of oxygen, which is a function of the partial pressure. Under stable anode and cathode conditions, an MFC was tested with an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) and a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) at atmospheric pressure, +17.24 kPa (2.5 psig), and +34.48 kPa (5.0 psig) overpressure of air. The cell potential at an external resistance of 100 Omega increased from 0.423 to 0.553 V by increasing the cathode pressure from atmospheric pressure to 17.24 kPa for an MFC with AEM, and this resulted in a 70% increase in the power density (4.29 vs 7.29 W/m(3)). In addition, the MFC produced 66-108% more power with AEM in comparison to CEM under the same operating conditions. We discussed the mechanisms that explain this. Results from this study demonstrate that higher MFC power densities can be realized by increasing the cathode air pressure if the membrane oxygen diffusion to the anode can be controlled. C1 [Fornero, Jeffrey J.; Rosenbaum, Miriam; Angenent, Largus T.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Rosenbaum, Miriam; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Angenent, Largus T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Angenent, LT (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, 1 Brookings Dr,CB 1180, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM la249@cornell.edu RI Rosenbaum, Miriam/E-5317-2011; OI Rosenbaum, Miriam/0000-0002-4566-8624; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU Washington University in St. Louis; Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit; USDA; Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois; National Science Foundation [0645021] FX The financial support for this work was provided through a specific collaborative agreement between Washington University in St. Louis and the Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois and the National Science Foundation through Grant No. 0645021. We thank Sarah Dryden and anonymous reviewers for critically evaluating the manuscript. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 22 BP 8578 EP 8584 DI 10.1021/es8015292 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372SF UT WOS:000260921400065 PM 19068851 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Karr, J Parris, A Legendre, B AF Eggleston, Gillian Karr, Jacob Parris, Anthony Legendre, Benjamin TI Viability of an enzymatic mannitol method to predict sugarcane deterioration at factories SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mannitol enzymatic method; sugarcane deterioration; sugarcane consignments; Leuconostoc; factory juices; bacterial infections; raw sugar ID OPTIMIZATION; VARIETIES; DEXTRAN AB The delivery of consignments of deteriorated sugarcane to factories can detrimentally affect multiple process units, and even lead to a factory shut-down. An enzymatic factory method was used to measure mannitol, a major degradation product of sugarcane Leuconostoc deterioration in the US, in press (consignment) and crusher juices collected across the 2004 processing season at a Louisiana factory. Weather conditions varied markedly across the season causing periods of the delivery of deteriorated sugarcane to the factory. A strong polynomial relationship existed between mannitol and haze dextran (R-2 = 0.912) in press and crusher juices. Mannitol concentrations were usually higher than haze and monoclonal antibody dextran concentrations, which indicates: (i) the usefulness and higher sensitivity of mannitol to better predict sugarcane deterioration from Leuconostoc and other bacteria than dextran, and (ii) the underestimation by sugar industry personnel of the relatively large amounts of mannitol present in deteriorated sugarcane that can affect processing. Greater than similar to 2500 ppm/%Brix mannitol in juice predicts downstream processing problems. The enzymatic method is quantitative and could be used in a sugarcane payment formula. Approximately >300 ppm/%Brix haze dextran in raw sugar indicated that the majority of the crystals were elongated. Approximately >600 ppm/%Brix antibody dextran indicated when elongated crystals were predominant in the raw sugar. The enzymatic mannitol method underestimates mannitol in raw sugars. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eggleston, Gillian; Karr, Jacob] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Parris, Anthony] Iberia Sugar Coop Inc, New Iberia, LA 70562 USA. [Legendre, Benjamin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 111 IS 2 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.088 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 330YW UT WOS:000257979700031 PM 26047453 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Mohamed, AA Biresaw, G Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, V. L. Mohamed, A. A. Biresaw, G. Willett, J. L. TI Mechanical Properties of Green Composites with Polycaprolactone and Wheat Gluten SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; composites; extrusion; injection molding; mechanical properties ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYESTER BLENDS; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE); BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOPLASTICS; POLYMERS; PROTEIN AB Wheat gluten (WG) was incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) (up to 50% w/w) as a filler to form a biodegradable polymer composite. A microscopic examination showed a well-dispersed particle-matrix system. The composite was evaluated for its tensile properties. The tensile strength of the composite decreased linearly with increasing WG content from 20 (0%, WG) to 6 MPa (50% WG). However, the reduction of the tensile strength did not fit the Nicolais-Narkis model, and this indicated that some adhesion between WG and PCL occurred. High elongation (>900%) was observed in PCL-WG composites with up to 20% WG; it decreased to 400% with 35% WG and finally to less than 100% with 40-50% WG. There was a particle-induced transition at a calculated critical volume of 0.3 corresponding to 30% WG by weight with respect to PCL. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 2218-2226, 2008 C1 [Finkenstadt, V. L.; Mohamed, A. A.; Biresaw, G.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Finkenstadt, VL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM victoria.finkenstadt@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 BP 2218 EP 2226 DI 10.1002/app.28446 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 356CC UT WOS:000259755300041 ER PT J AU Gilmore, MS Wilson, EH Barrett, N Civco, DL Prisloe, S Hurd, JD Chadwick, C AF Gilmore, Martha S. Wilson, Emily H. Barrett, Nels Civco, Daniel L. Prisloe, Sandy Hurd, James D. Chadwick, Cary TI Integrating multi-temporal spectral and structural information to map wetland vegetation in a lower Connecticut River tidal marsh SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Coastal wetlands; Image classification; LiDAR; Phragmites australis; QuickBird; Spectroradiometer; Vegetation monitoring ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS EXPANSION; NEW-JERSEY MEADOWLANDS; SALT-MARSH; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; COASTAL WETLANDS; DISCRIMINATION; REFLECTANCE; BIOMASS AB This study examines the effectiveness of using multi-temporal satellite imagery, field spectral data, and LiDAR top of canopy data to classify and map the common plant communities of the Ragged Rock Creek marsh, located near the mouth of the Connecticut River. Visible to near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra were measured in the field over the 2004-2006 growing seasons to assess the phenological variability of the dominant marsh plant species, Spartina patens, Phragmites australis and Typha spp. Phragmites was best distinguished from other species by its high NIR response late in the growing season. Typha spp. had a high red/green ratio and S. patens had a unique green/blue ratio relative to other species throughout the bulk of the growing season. The field spectra and single date (2004) LiDAR canopy height data were used to define an object-oriented classification methodology for the three plant communities in multi-temporal QuickBird multispectral imagery collected over the same time interval. The classification was validated using an extensive field inventory of marsh species. Overall maximum fuzzy accuracy for the classification was 97% for Phragmites, 63% for Typha spp. and 80% for S. patens meadows and improved to 97%, 76%. and 92%, respectively, using a fuzzy acceptable match measure. This study demonstrated the importance of the timing of image acquisition for the identification of targeted plant species in a heterogeneous marsh. These datasets and protocols may provide coastal resource managers, municipal officials and researchers a set of recommended guidelines for remote sensing data collection for marsh inventory and monitoring. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilmore, Martha S.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Wilson, Emily H.; Prisloe, Sandy; Chadwick, Cary] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Land Use Educ & Res CLEAR, Dept Extens, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Haddam, CT 06438 USA. [Barrett, Nels] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Tolland, CT 06084 USA. [Civco, Daniel L.; Hurd, James D.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Land Use Educ & Res CLEAR, Dept Nat Resource Management & Engn, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Gilmore, MS (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 265 Church St, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM mgilmore@wesleyan.edu; emily.wilson@uconn.edu; nels.barrett@ct.usda.gov; daniel.civco@uconn.edu; sandy.prisloe@uconn.edu; james.hurd_jr@uconn.edu; cary.chadwick@uconn.edu RI Gilmore, Martha/G-5856-2011 FU EPA Long Island Sound Research Program [LI97100901]; CT DEP Long Island Sound License Plate Program FX This study was funded by the EPA Long Island Sound Research Program, grant LI97100901. A portion of the data was provided by the NOAA Coastal Services Center Coastal Remote Sensing Project and the Institute for the Application of Geospatial Technology. The 2006 field work was funded by the CT DEP Long Island Sound License Plate Program. We very much appreciate the contributions of Bill Moorhead and Joel Labella in the field and the careful reviews provided by the referees and the editors of this special issue. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 13 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 SI SI BP 4048 EP 4060 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.020 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 369GV UT WOS:000260683500006 ER PT J AU Nielsen, EM Prince, SD Koeln, GT AF Nielsen, Eric M. Prince, Stephen D. Koeln, Gregory T. TI Wetland change mapping for the US mid-Atlantic region using an outlier detection technique SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Wetlands; Mid-Atlantic US; Chesapeake Bay; Change detection; Marsh degradation; Resistant z-score; Phragmites australis ID THEMATIC MAPPER; LANDSAT-TM; COASTAL WETLANDS; INVENTORY MAPS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLASSIFICATION; PHOTOGRAPHY; MARSHES; IMAGERY; THREATS AB Although the impacts of wetland loss are often felt at regional scales, effective planning and management require a comparative assessment of local needs, costs, and benefits. Satellite remote sensing can provide spatially explicit, synoptic land cover change information to support such an assessment. However, a common challenge in conventional remote sensing change detection is the difficulty of obtaining phenologically and radiometrically comparable data from the start and end of the time period of interest. An alternative approach is to use a prior land cover classification as a surrogate for historic satellite data and to examine the self-consistency of class spectral reflectances in recent imagery. We produced a 30-meter resolution wetland change probability map for the U.S. mid-Atlantic region by applying an outlier detection technique to a base classification provided by the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). Outlier-resistant measures - the median and median absolute deviation - were used to represent spectral reflectance characteristics of wetland class populations, and formed the basis for the calculation of a pixel change likelihood index. The individual scene index values were merged into a consistent region-wide map and converted to pixel change probability using a logistic regression calibrated through interpretation of historic and recent aerial photography. The accuracy of a regional change/no-change map produced from the change probabilities was estimated at 89.6%, with a Kappa of 0.779. The change probabilities identify areas for closer inspection of change cause, impact, and mitigation potential. With additional work to resolve confusion resulting from natural spatial heterogeneity and variations in land use, automated updating of NWI maps and estimates of areal rates of wetland change may be possible. We also discuss extensions of the technique to address specific applications such as monitoring marsh degradation due to sea level rise and mapping of invasive species. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nielsen, Eric M.; Prince, Stephen D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20942 USA. [Koeln, Gregory T.] MDA Fed Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Nielsen, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, USDA, 2222 W 2300 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM emnielsen@fs.fed.us RI CHEN, YU/F-8600-2011 FU U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program; George Mason University; NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center; National Science Foundation [BSR-8702333-06, DEB-9211772, DEB-9411974, DEB-008038] FX This work was partly supported by the U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program, George Mason University, and the NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. The staff at the NWI office in St. Petersburg, Florida, particularly Kim Santos, helped us immensely by locating and sharing vintage NWI aerial photography. Statistical analysis was done primarily using R (http://www.R-project.org), and particular use was made of the PresenceAbsence package, developed by Elizabeth Freeman of the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station in Ogden, Utah. Some data used in this publication were provided by the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER project, supported by National Science Foundation grants BSR-8702333-06, DEB-9211772, DEB-9411974 and DEB-008038. Special thanks to Nancy Thomas of the University of Maryland for many helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 SI SI BP 4061 EP 4074 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.017 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 369GV UT WOS:000260683500007 ER PT J AU Lang, MW Kasischke, ES Prince, SD Pittman, KW AF Lang, Megan W. Kasischke, Eric S. Prince, Stephen D. Pittman, Kyle W. TI Assessment of C-band synthetic aperture radar data for mapping and monitoring Coastal Plain forested wetlands in the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SAR; ENVISAT ASAR; ERS; Wetlands, Swamp; Forest; Hydroperiod; Hydrology; Ecosystem management ID SAR DATA; ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN; INVENTORY MAPS; LANDSAT-TM; ERS-1 SAR; BACKSCATTER; INUNDATION; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Multi-temporal C-band SAR data (C-HH and C-VV), collected by ERS-2 and ENVISAT satellite systems, are compared with field observations of hydrology (i.e., inundation and soil moisture) and National Wetland Inventory maps (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) of a large forested wetland complex adjacent to the Patuxent and Middle Patuxent Rivers, tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Multi-temporal C-band SAR data were shown to be capable of mapping forested wetlands and monitoring hydroperiod (i.e., temporal fluctuations in inundation and soil moisture) at the study site, and the discrimination of wetland from upland was improved with 10 m digital elevation data. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the multi-temporal SAR data sets and to isolate the dominant temporal trend in inundation and soil moisture (i.e., relative hydroperiod). Significant positive, linear correlations were found between the first principal component and Percent area flooded and soil moisture. The correlation (r(2)) between the first principal component (PC1) of multi-temporal C-HH SAR data and average soil moisture was 0.88 (p=<.0001) during the leaf-off season and 0.87 (p=<.0001) during the leaf-on season, while the correlation between PC1 and average percent area inundated was 0.82 (p=<.0001) and 0.47 (p=.0016) during the leaf-off and leaf-on seasons, respectively. When compared to field data, the SAR forested wetland maps identified areas that were flooded for 25% of the time with 63-96% agreement and areas flooded for 25% of the time with 44-89% agreement, depending on polarization and time of year. The results are encouraging and justify further studies to attempt to quantify the relative SAR-derived hydroperiod classes in terms of physical variables and also to test the application of SAR data to more diverse landscapes at a broader scale. The present evidence suggests that the SAR data will significantly improve routine wooded wetland mapping. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lang, Megan W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kasischke, Eric S.; Prince, Stephen D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pittman, Kyle W.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Lang, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Megan.Lang@gmail.com FU NASA Earth System Science Fellowship; Mid-Atlantic Regional Earth Science Applications Center FX This research was conducted while the lead author was a graduate student at the University of Maryland under the supervision of Eric Kasischke. It was supported by a NASA Earth System Science Fellowship and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Earth Science Applications Center. ERS and ENVISAT data were provided by the European Space Agency (ENVISAT AO GRANT 733). The authors would like to thank Robert Adamski, David Asbury, Justin Goldstein, Greg Gude, Khaliah Harmon, Jamison Howard, Jonah Juliano, Binesh Maharjan, Aaron Moss, Josh Slay, Jason Spires, Traci Thompson, Chris Whong, and Nate Workman for assistance in the field. The Vegetation Canopy Lidar group at the University of Maryland graciously loaned their Trimble GPS. Special thanks goes to Holiday Obrecht and the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for providing access and support for field data collection. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution and support of Philip Townsend. The USDA Agricultural Research Service supported the writing and editing of this manuscript. Dr. Martha Anderson reviewed the manuscript and provided many helpful insights. The authors would like to thank the guest editors, Ned Gardiner, Scott Goetz, and Joshua Viers, as well as three anonymous reviewers, for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 63 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 11 SI SI BP 4120 EP 4130 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.026 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 369GV UT WOS:000260683500012 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS Park, DW Lee, SH Han, JY Shin, JH Park, MS Kim, JK AF Hong, Yeong Ho Lillehoj, Hyun S. Park, Dong Woon Lee, Sung Hyen Han, Jae Yong Shin, Ji Hye Park, Myeung Sun Kim, Jin-Kyoo TI Cloning and functional characterization of chicken interleukin-17D SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IL-17D; Chicken; Cytokine; Local immune response ID IL-17 CYTOKINE FAMILY; GENE-EXPRESSION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CUTTING EDGE; T-CELLS; RECEPTOR; NEUTROPHILS; MEMBERS AB The chicken interleukin-17D was cloned from a testis cDNA library prepared from the Korean native chicken. The full-length chicken IL-17D (chIL-17D) cDNA consisted of a 348 nucleotide sequence encoding an open reading frame of 116 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 13.3 kDa. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of chIL-17D with hornologous proteins from human, mouse and opossum revealed 64%, 53% and 76% identity, respectively, including six conserved cysteine residues present in the mammalian polypeptides. The chlL-17D gene transcript was expressed in a wide range of tissues, and highest levels were in pancreas, thymus and lung. Following Eimeria maxima infection, levels of the chlL-17D mRNA were Up-regulated in the intestinal jejunum, bursa, lung, and spleen but decreased in the thymus. Infected chickens also expressed greater levels of chlL-17D mRNA in CD4(+), CD8(+) and TCRI(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes while decreased expression was seen in TCR2(+) cells. Treatment of CHCC-OU2 fibroblasts with chlL-17D recombinant protein induced the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Collectively, these results Suggest that chL-17D has structural and functional similarities to mammalian IL-17Ds and that it plays an important role in local gut innate immune responses during experimental coccidiosis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hong, Yeong Ho; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Park, Dong Woon; Lee, Sung Hyen] Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Han, Jae Yong] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Anim Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Shin, Ji Hye] Avicore Biotechnol Inst Inc, Gunpo City 435050, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Park, Myeung Sun; Kim, Jin-Kyoo] Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Chang Won 641773, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ARS.USDA.GOV FU USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service [2005-01812]; Rural Development Administration; Republic of Korea FX This project is, in part, funded by USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant #2005-01812 (U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network) and the BioGreen 21 program of the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The authors thank Dr. Erik P. Lillehoj for editorial comments. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.06.002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 375QE UT WOS:000261127600001 PM 18649949 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL Pevzner, IY Kaiser, P Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, Christina L. Pevzner, Igal Y. Kaiser, Pete Kogut, Michael H. TI Profiling pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression levels as a novel method for selection of increased innate immune responsiveness SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemokine; Chicken; Cytokine; Innate immunity; Selection ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; FED REPRESENTATIVE 1957; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; PLATELET PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; ORGAN INVASION; MAREKS-DISEASE; CARRIER-STATE AB Previous studies using F1 reciprocal crosses and two parental lines of broilers show the sire is instrumental in determining the ill vitro leukocyte function and cytokine/chemokine profile. Since the innate immune response is the primary means young chickens have to protect themselves, we hypothesize utilizing a novel genomics approach to select sires based on an elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profile. By identifying sires with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin [IL]-1 beta and IL-6) and chemokine (CXCLi2 and CCLi2) mRNA expression levels, we expect the progeny will also have elevated profiles. We characterized the pro-inflarnmatory cytokine and chemokine profile of 119 sires using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and identified two populations with inherently high and low mRNA expression levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, CXCLi2, and CCLi2. Select high and low sires were then used to produce progeny for the second phase of the trial. Blood samples were collected from 214 progeny and the cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression levels determined. Progeny from high sires had significantly (P <= 0.02) higher cytokine (IL-1 beta and IL-6) and chemokine (CXCLi2 and CCLi2) mRNA expression levels compared to progeny from low sires. We have identified a broiler population of sires with higher and lower than average pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine rnRNA expression levels and used them to produce progeny with similar profiles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swaggerty, Christina L.; Kogut, Michael H.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Pevzner, Igal Y.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. [Kaiser, Pete] Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Swaggerty, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM christi.swaggerty@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Poultry & Egg Association [612] FX The authors thank Dr. Laura Ripley and Mrs. Lisa Rothwell for technical assistance and Mr. Chad Dalton for collecting the blood samples. Experiments were conducted according to regulations established by USDA animal care committee and overseen by Dr. J.A. Byrd, attending veterinarian. Mention of conitnercial products is for the sole purpose of providing specific information and not a recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. Experiments were funded, in part, by the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association (MHK and CLS, project #612). NR 49 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.06.005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 375QE UT WOS:000261127600005 PM 18656269 ER PT J AU Moulana, M Evenhuis, J Albertino, M Godwin, U Kountikov, EI Stuge, TB Wilson, M Bengten, E Miller, NW McConnell, TJ AF Moulana, Mohadetheh Evenhuis, Jason Albertino, Mark Godwin, Ulla Kountikov, Evgueni I. Stuge, Tor B. Wilson, Melanie Bengten, Eva Miller, Norman W. McConnell, Thomas J. TI Characterization of anti-channel catfish MHC class II beta monoclonal antibodies SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Major histocompatibility complex; Monoclonal antibody; Peripheral blood leukocytes ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX L.; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST FISH; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL LINES AB This Study characterizes four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) developed against the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II beta chain of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Immunoprecipitations using catfish clonal B cells revealed that each of these mAbs immunoselected proteins of approximately 32 and 36 K-D, which are of the appropriate sizes for MHC class II alpha and beta chains. respectively. Cell distribution studies using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) combined with RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that MHC class II beta is expressed at a high density on catfish clonal macrophage, B and T cell lines, oil alloantigen stimulated leukocytes, and oil lipopolysaccharide-induced B-cell blasts. Collectively. these results demonstrate the potential importance of these antibodies as reagents ill future Studies dealing With the functional role of MHC class II molecules in immune recognition of self from non-self. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moulana, Mohadetheh; Kountikov, Evgueni I.; Stuge, Tor B.; Wilson, Melanie; Bengten, Eva; Miller, Norman W.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Evenhuis, Jason] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Albertino, Mark; Godwin, Ulla; McConnell, Thomas J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Bengten, E (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM ebengten@microbio.umsmed.edu OI McConnell, Thomas/0000-0003-3176-4938; Stuge, Tor B/0000-0002-6933-8419 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1AI-19530]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2006-35204-16880] FX This work Was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RO1AI-19530) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (2006-35204-16880). NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.06.012 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 375QE UT WOS:000261127600014 PM 18676026 ER PT J AU Karcher, EL Johnson, CS Beitz, DC Stabel, JR AF Karcher, E. L. Johnson, C. S. Beitz, D. C. Stabel, J. R. TI Osteopontin immunoreactivity in the ileum and ileocecal lymph node of dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Osteopontin; Granulomas ID JOHNES-DISEASE; CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; GRANULOMAS; RECEPTORS; LESIONS; CATTLE AB Osteopontin (Opn), a highly acidic glycoprotein, promotes cellular adhesion and recruitment and has been shown to be upregulated in the granulomas of mycobacterial infections. Johne's disease, Caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is associated with granulomatous enteritis. The objective of this experiment was to identify Opn in the ileum and ileocecal lymph node (ICN) of dairy cows naturally infected with MAP and to compare the frequency and intensity of staining between noninfected healthy controls, subclinical and clinical cows. Sections from these three groups of animals were selected from a tissue archive. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the location and expression of Opn. The frequency and intensity of staining was also reported. Confirmation of acid-fast bacilli in the tissue sections was achieved by the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Within the ileal tissue. macrophages. lymphocytes, and plasma cells stained positive for Opn. Clinical cows expressed Opn at a greater frequency in the lamina propria. Control and subclinical cows did not have areas of granulomatous inflammation but cells staining for Opn were equally intense for the three groups. The frequency of staining for Opn in the ICN was not affected by MAP infection. Results of this study confirm for the first time. the expression of Opn in the ileum and ICN of MAP-infected cattle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stabel, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Karcher, E. L.; Beitz, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Johnson, C. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.030 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 375QE UT WOS:000261127600016 PM 18620757 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Heath, LS Ducey, MJ AF Zheng, Daolan Heath, Linda S. Ducey, Mark J. TI Identifying grain-size dependent errors on global forest area estimates and carbon studies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATE; LANDSCAPE; AMAZONIA; FLUXES; SCALE; CYCLE AB Satellite-derived coarse-resolution data are typically used for conducting global analyses. But the forest areas estimated from coarse-resolution maps (e. g., 1 km) inevitably differ from a corresponding fine-resolution map (such as a 30-m map) that would be closer to ground truth. A better understanding of changes in grain size on area estimation will improve our ability to quantify bias and uncertainty, and provide more accurate estimates of forest area and associated carbon stocks and fluxes. We simulated that global forest area estimated from a 1-km land-cover map (the most practical and finest resolution currently used for global applications) was 947,573 km 2 less than that of its corresponding 30-m map (excluding Antarctic and Greenland). This amount of forest could produce 0.57 +/- 0.01 petagrams of carbon per year (PgC/yr) as NPP or 0.11 +/- 0.002 PgC/yr as NEP equivalent to 4% of the 2.9 PgC/yr missing carbon sink in the 1990s. The most significant underestimation of forest area was in the temperate zone (the more uncertain region regarding the "missing carbon sink'') while a relatively small overestimation occurred in the tropic zone as the grain size of satellite-derived land-cover maps increases from 30 m to 1 km. Citation: Zheng, D., L. S. Heath, and M. J. Ducey (2008), Identifying grain-size dependent errors on global forest area estimates and carbon studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21403, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035746. C1 [Zheng, Daolan; Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 215 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM daolan.zheng@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU USDA Forest Service; Northern Research Station [05-DG-11242343-074] FX This study is supported by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station through grant 05-DG-11242343-074. We thank M. Friedl and D. J. Sulla-Menashe at Boston University for providing us an assembled global MODIS 2001 land-cover map. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 21 AR L21403 DI 10.1029/2008GL035746 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 373RX UT WOS:000260991300005 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Surabhi, GK Gao, W Reddy, KR AF Singh, Shardendu K. Surabhi, Giridara-Kumar Gao, W. Reddy, K. Raja TI Assessing genotypic variability of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) to current and projected ultraviolet-B radiation SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cowpea; Phenolics; Photosynthesis; Response index; Screening; Ultraviolet-B ID 3 TROPICAL LEGUMES; UV-B; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NM RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; OZONE DEPLETION; CROP PLANTS; RESPONSES; FIELD AB The current and projected terrestrial ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation affects growth and reproductive potential of many crops. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.), mostly grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions may already be experiencing critical doses of UV-B radiation due to a thinner ozone column in those regions. Better understanding of genotypic variability to UV-B radiation is a prerequisite in developing genotypes tolerant to current and projected changes in UV-B radiation. An experiment was conducted in sunlit, controlled environment chambers to evaluate the sensitivity of cowpea genotypes to a range of UV-B radiation levels. Six cowpea genotypes [Prima, California Blackeye (CB)-5, CB-27, CB-46, Mississippi Pinkeye (MPE) and UCR-193], representing origin of different geographical locations, were grown at 30/22 degrees C day/night temperature from seeding to maturity. Four biologically effective ultraviolet-B radiation treatments of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 kJ m(-2) d(-1) were imposed from eight days after emergence to maturity. Significant genotypic variability was observed for UV-B responsiveness of eighteen plant attributes measured. The magnitude of the sensitivity to UV-B radiation also varied among cowpea genotypes. Plants from all genotypes grown in elevated UV-B radiation were significantly shorter in stem and flower lengths and exhibited lower seed yields compared to the plants grown under control conditions. Most of the vegetative parameters, in general, showed a positive response to UV-B, whereas the reproductive parameters exhibited a negative response showing the importance of reproductive characters in determining tolerance of cultivars to UV-B radiation. However, all cultivars, except MPE, behaved negatively to UV-B when a combined response index was derived across parameters and UV-B levels. Based on the combined total stress response index (C-TSRI) calculated as sum of individual vegetative, physiological and reproductive component responses over the UV-B treatments, the genotypes were classified as tolerant (MPE), intermediate (CB-5, CB-46 and UCR-193) and sensitive (CB-27 and Prima) to UV-B radiation. The differences in sensitivity among the cowpea genotypes emphasize the need for selecting or developing genotypes with tolerance to current and projected UV-B radiation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, Shardendu K.; Surabhi, Giridara-Kumar; Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gao, W.] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring Network, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 32 Creelman St,Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@pss.msstate.edu RI Surabhi, Giridara-Kumar/A-7688-2009; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Surabhi, Giridara Kumar/0000-0003-2668-890X; Singh, Shardendu/0000-0001-7437-330X FU Department of Energy; USDA-UV-B Monitoring Program at Colorado State University, CO; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences; Mississippi State University; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station [J11332] FX This research was funded in part by the Department of Energy, and USDA-UV-B Monitoring Program at Colorado State University, CO. We also thank Drs. Harry Hodges, Valtcho Jeliazkov, David Nagel and Krishna Reddy for their comments and suggestions. We thank Dr. Jeff Ehlers, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, CA, USA for providing seed. This article is a contribution from the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Paper No. J11332. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD NOV 13 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.07.002 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 377QR UT WOS:000261266200003 PM 18723366 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Chao, WS Suttle, JC Thimmapuram, J Anderson, JV AF Horvath, David P. Chao, Wun S. Suttle, Jeffrey C. Thimmapuram, Jyothi Anderson, James V. TI Transcriptome analysis identifies novel responses and potential regulatory genes involved in seasonal dormancy transitions of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; POTATO-TUBERS; AUXIN TRANSPORT; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; COLD-ACCLIMATION; METHYL JASMONATE; CAMBIAL MERISTEM; GROWTH CESSATION AB Background: Dormancy of buds is a critical developmental process that allows perennial plants to survive extreme seasonal variations in climate. Dormancy transitions in underground crown buds of the model herbaceous perennial weed leafy spurge were investigated using a 23 K element cDNA microarray. These data represent the first large-scale transcriptome analysis of dormancy in underground buds of an herbaceous perennial species. Crown buds collected monthly from August through December, over a five year period, were used to monitor the changes in the transcriptome during dormancy transitions. Results: Nearly 1,000 genes were differentially-expressed through seasonal dormancy transitions. Expected patterns of gene expression were observed for previously characterized genes and physiological processes indicated that resolution in our analysis was sufficient for identifying shifts in global gene expression. Conclusion: Gene ontology of differentially-expressed genes suggests dormancy transitions require specific alterations in transport functions (including induction of a series of mitochondrial substrate carriers, and sugar transporters), ethylene, jasmonic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid responses, and responses to stress (primarily oxidative and cold/drought). Comparison to other dormancy microarray studies indicated that nearly half of the genes identified in our study were also differentially expressed in at least two other plant species during dormancy transitions. This comparison allowed us to identify a particular MADS-box transcription factor related to the DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes from peach and hypothesize that it may play a direct role in dormancy induction and maintenance through regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T. C1 [Horvath, David P.; Chao, Wun S.; Anderson, James V.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. [Suttle, Jeffrey C.] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. [Thimmapuram, Jyothi] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. EM david.horvath@ars.usda.gov; wun.chao@ars.usda.gov; jeffrey.suttle@ars.usda.gov; jyothit@uiuc.edu; james.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We would like to thank Drs. Michael Campbell, Anne Fennell, and those at HortResearch (Marion Wood, Eric Walton, Robert Schaffer, and others) for graciously sharing their data with us prior to publishing. We would also like to thank Drs. Antje Rohde, and Anne Fennell for constructive suggestions in writing this manuscript. This work was entirely funded by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 74 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 536 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-536 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 390WE UT WOS:000262193600001 PM 19014493 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Lin, LZ Robbins, RJ Finley, JW Banuelos, GS Harnly, JM AF Luthria, Devanand L. Lin, Long-Ze Robbins, Rebecca J. Finley, John W. Banuelos, Gary S. Harnly, James M. TI Discriminating between Cultivars and Treatments of Broccoli Using Mass Spectral Fingerprinting and Analysis of Variance-Principal Component Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Broccoli; Brassica oleracea; spectral fingerprinting; analysis of variance; principal component analysis; ANOVA-PCA; direct injection mass spectrometry ID PLANT MATERIALS; METABOLOMICS; SELENIUM; SPECTROMETRY; TOOL AB Metabolite fingerprints, obtained with direct injection mass spectrometry (MS) with both positive and negative ionization, were used with analysis of variance-principal components analysis (ANOVA-PCA) to discriminate between cultivars and growing treatments of broccoli. The sample set consisted of two cultivars of broccoli, Majestic and Legacy, the first grown with four different levels of Se and the second grown organically and conventionally with two rates of irrigation. Chemical composition differences in the two cultivars and seven treatments produced patterns that were visually and statistically distinguishable using ANOVA-PCA. PCA loadings allowed identification of the molecular and fragment ions that provided the most significant chemical differences. A standardized profiling method for phenolic compounds showed that important discriminating ions were not phenolic compounds. The elution times of the discriminating ions and previous results suggest that they were common sugars and organic acids. ANOVA calculations of the positive and negative ionization MS fingerprints showed that 33% of the variance came from the cultivar, 59% from the growing treatment, and 8% from analytical uncertainty. Although the positive and negative ionization fingerprints differed significantly, there was no difference in the distribution of variance. High variance of individual masses with cultivars or growing treatment was correlated with high PCA loadings. The ANOVA data suggest that only variables with high variance for analytical uncertainty should be deleted. All other variables represent discriminating masses that allow separation of the samples with respect to cultivar and treatment. C1 [Luthria, Devanand L.; Lin, Long-Ze; Robbins, Rebecca J.; Harnly, James M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Finley, John W.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Banuelos, Gary S.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM d.luthria@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health FX Received for review May 22, 2008. Revised manuscript received July 15, 2008. Accepted July 29, 2008. This research was supported by the Agriculture Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 21 BP 9819 EP 9827 DI 10.1021/jf801606x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 369DX UT WOS:000260675600016 PM 18841983 ER EF