FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Edmond, C Shigaki, T Ewert, S Nelson, MD Connorton, JM Chalova, V Noordally, Z Pittman, JK AF Edmond, Clare Shigaki, Toshiro Ewert, Sophie Nelson, Matthew D. Connorton, James M. Chalova, Vesela Noordally, Zeenat Pittman, Jon K. TI Comparative analysis of CAX2-like cation transporters indicates functional and regulatory diversity SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; barley; calcium and manganese transport; cation/proton antiporter; regulation; tomato ID CA2+/H+ ANTIPORTER CAX1; MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE; ARABIDOPSIS CAX1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; VACUOLAR TRANSPORTERS; MANGANESE TRANSPORT; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; ION HOMEOSTASIS; SALT TOLERANCE AB Internal compartmentalization of metals is an important metal tolerance mechanism in many organisms. In plants and fungi, sequestration into the vacuole is a major detoxification mechanism for metals. Cation transport into the vacuole can be mediated by CAX (cation exchanger) transporters. The Arabidopsis thaliana AtCAX2 transporter was shown previously to transport Ca2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+. To assess the conservation of the functional and regulatory characteristics of CAX2-like transporters in higher plants, we have characterized AtCAX2 orthologues from Arabidapsis (AtCAX5), tomato (LeCAX2) and barley (HvCAX2). Substrate specificity and regulatory activity were assessed using a yeast heterologous-expression assay. Each CAX could transport. Ca2+ and Mn2+ into the yeast vacuole, but they each had different cation transport kinetics. Most notably, there was variation in the regulation of the transporters. As found with AtCAX2 previously, only expression of all N-terminally truncated form of AtCAX5 in yeast was able to mediate Ca2+ and Mn2+ transport, indicating that activity may be controlled by ail autoregulatory region at the N-terminus. In contrast, either full-length or truncated LeCAX2 could efficiently transport Ca2+, although Mn2+ transport was controlled by the N-terminus. HvCAX2 did not appear to possess an N-terminal regulatory domain. Expression of AtCAX2 was not significantly modulated by metal stress; however, AtCAX5 and HvCAX2 were transcriptionally up-regulated by high Mn2+ treatment, and by Ca2+ and Na+ stress respectively. It is therefore apparent that, despite the high sequence identity between plant CAX2 orthologues, there is significant diversity in their functional characteristics, particularly with regard to regulatory mechanisms. C1 [Edmond, Clare; Ewert, Sophie; Nelson, Matthew D.; Connorton, James M.; Noordally, Zeenat; Pittman, Jon K.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. [Shigaki, Toshiro; Chalova, Vesela] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pittman, JK (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Michael Smith Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. EM jon.pittman@manchester.ac.uk OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/B502152/11]; National Science Foundation [0209777] FX This work was supported by a David Phillips Fellowship from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant number BB/B502152/11(to J. K. P.). T. S. was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (grant number 0209777). NR 40 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 20 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 EI 1470-8728 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 418 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1042/BJ20081814 PN 1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 407BF UT WOS:000263337900014 PM 18950291 ER PT J AU Fan, ZM Wagschal, K Lee, CC Kong, Q Shen, KA Maiti, IB Yuan, L AF Fan, Zhanmin Wagschal, Kurt Lee, Charles C. Kong, Que Shen, Katherine A. Maiti, Indu B. Yuan, Ling TI The Construction and Characterization of Two Xylan-Degrading Chimeric Enzymes SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE enzyme engineering; biomass conversion; bioenergy; bifunctional enzymes ID ARTIFICIAL BIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME; ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; BETA-XYLOSIDASE; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; WHEAT ARABINOXYLAN; FUSION PROTEINS; HYDROLYSIS; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION AB Degradation of xylan requires several enzymes. Two chimeric enzymes, xyln-ara and xyln-xylo, were constructed by linking the catalytic portion of a xylanase (xyln) to either an arabinofuranosidase (ara) or a xylosidase (xylo) with a flexible peptide linker. The recombinant parental enzymes and chimeras were produced in E. coli at high levels and purified for characterization of their enzymatic and kinetic properties as well as activities on natural substrates. The chimeras closely resemble the parental enzymes or their mixtures with regard to protein properties. They share similar temperature profiles and have similar catalytic efficiencies as the parental enzymes when assayed using Substrates 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside or 2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. The chimeras also show unique enzymatic characteristics. In xylanase activity assays using Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan, while the parental xylanase has a pH optimum of pH 8, the chimeras showed shifted pH optima as a consequence of significantly increased activity at pH 6 (the optimal pH for ara and xylo). Both chimeras exhibited additive effects of the parental enzymes when assayed at wide ranges of pH and temperatures. The xyln-xylo chimera had the same activities as the xyln/xylo mixture in hydrolyzing the natural substrates oat spelt xylan and wheat arabinoxylan. Compared to the xyln/ara mixture, the xyln-ara chimera released the same amounts of xylose from oat spelt xylan and similar to 30% more from wheat arabinoxylan at pH 6. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of generating bifunctional enzymes for the improvement of xylan bioconversion. C1 [Fan, Zhanmin; Kong, Que; Shen, Katherine A.; Yuan, Ling] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Fan, Zhanmin; Kong, Que; Shen, Katherine A.; Maiti, Indu B.; Yuan, Ling] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Wagschal, Kurt; Lee, Charles C.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Yuan, L (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. FU US Department of Agriculture [2006-35504-17413] FX This work was supported by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture to L.Y. (2006-35504-17413). NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 684 EP 692 DI 10.1002/bit.22112 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 396NK UT WOS:000262598200004 PM 18828173 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Gorsich, SW Liu, ZL AF Slininger, Patricia J. Gorsich, Steven W. Liu, Zonglin L. TI Culture Nutrition and Physiology Impact the Inhibitor Tolerance of the Yeast Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lignocellulose hydrolysate fermentation; amino acids; minerals; ethanol; furfural; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; furan methanol; furan-2,5-dimethanol; viable cell survival ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; BATCH FERMENTATION; FERMENTING YEAST; ETHANOL; CONVERSION; KINETICS; NITROGEN; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 is one of the natural yeasts best able to utilize biomass because it is able to ferment hexoses and the pentose, xylose, to economically recoverable concentrations of ethanol. To test the impact of Culture conditions on inhibitor tolerance, inhibitors were spiked to growing or stationary-phase P. stipitis supplied either glucose or xylose and varying nitrogen and mineral compositions; then the ensuing specific death rate response was measured. Resistance of glucose- or xylose-grown cells to inhibitors was generally greater in stationary-phase cells than log-phase cells, despite a greater exposure of stationary cells to ethanol. Consistent with this, the specific productivity of detoxification products, furan methanol or furan-2,5-dimethanol, from respective spikes of furfural or HMF increased as cultures progressed into stationary phase. However, when xylose was the substrate, ethanol resistance behaved uniquely and was greater for log-than stationary-phase cells. Amino acid enrichment of the growth medium significantly enhanced ethanol tolerance if xylose was the carbon Source, but had no impact if glucose Supplied carbon. Regardless of the carbon source, amino acid enrichment of the culture medium enhanced the ability of cells to resist furfural and HMF exposure. Mineral compositions tested had little impact on inhibitor resistance except stationary-phase xylose-grown cells were more susceptible to inhibitor exposure when magnesium sulfate was excessive. Observed tolerance optimization based on specific death rate as a function Of Culture physiological state, carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral composition provides new knowledge supporting process designs to convert biomass to ethanol using P. stipitis. C1 [Slininger, Patricia J.; Liu, Zonglin L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gorsich, Steven W.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pat.slininger@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 778 EP 790 DI 10.1002/bit.22110 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 396NK UT WOS:000262598200014 PM 18823052 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Martin, RR AF Lee, Jungmin Martin, Robert R. TI Influence of grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV-2 and-3) on the fruit composition of Oregon Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir: Phenolics SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Grape quality; Phenolics; Biotic stress ID ANTHOCYANINS; BERRY; POLYPHENOLS; CULTIVARS; INFECTION; COMPLEX; YIELD; WINES AB Some of the 10 known grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaVs) have negative impacts upon vine productivity and grape quality, though these negative influences are dependent on factors Such as GLRaV strain, cultivar, clone, rootstock, and vine age. This is the first study to report on GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3 infected vines, with regard to phenolic compounds, and other fruit maturity indices, of 'Pinot noir' grapes, compared to berries from adjacent vines free of GLRaVs (same vineyards). Three different rootstock/scion combinations were included in this study. Clusters were collected for two growing seasons from commercial vineyards in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, and each vine sampled was tested for GLRaV-1, -2, -3 and Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (RSPaV). All sampled vines were infected with RSPaV. Grapevine leafroll associated virus-infected vines tested positive for GLRaV-2 or GLRaV-3. Overall, fruit infected with GLRaV-2 and -3 had reduced percent soluble solids, decreased individual and total anthocyanins, and increased skin and pulp weight for all three 'Pinot noir' rootstock/sci on combinations examined. Vitis riparia rootstock/'Pinot noir' clone 114 scion combination appeared to be the most sensitive to GLRaV-3 infection, having significant reduction of all five anthocyanins, total phenolics, and total tannins, with an increased cluster weight and 100-berry weight. No clear trends were observed in the polyphenolics analysed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] PWA, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Resl Unit, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, JM (reprint author), PWA, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Resl Unit, 29603 U 1 Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; bob.martin@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 4 BP 889 EP 896 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.065 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358CG UT WOS:000259893600019 ER PT J AU Prom-u-thai, C Glahn, RP Cheng, ZQ Fukai, S Rerkasem, B Huang, LB AF Prom-u-thai, Chanakan Glahn, Raymond P. Cheng, Zhiqiang Fukai, Shu Rerkasem, Benjavan Huang, Longbin TI The bioavailability of iron fortified in whole grain parboiled rice SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Parboiled rice; Bioavailability; Fe uptake; Caco-2 cell; Fortified rice ID TROPICAL MAIZE VARIETIES; CELL-CULTURE MODEL; FISH SAUCE; FOOD; ABSORPTION; ZINC; EDTA; MICRONUTRIENTS; DIGESTION; GENOTYPES AB The present study was to evaluate the bioavailability of iron (Fe) fortified in parboiled rice grain, expressed as Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells after in vitro digestion. The bioavailability of Fe-fortified in the rice grain was closely and positively correlated with increasing concentrations of Fe in the grains of the three cultivars (r=0.96 The uptakes of the Fe-fortified in parboiled rice milled for 120s (34.2, 47.7 and 107 ng ferritin mg protein(-1) in three cultivars, respectively) were well above those of the unfortified raw (6.1, 4.9 and 5.7 ng ferritin mg; protein(-1)) or parboiled rice (4.7, 3.6 and 4.4 ng ferritin mg protein(-1)), the high Fe rice line IR68144-2B-3-2-2 (4.0 ng ferritin mg protein(-1)) and popular jasmine rice cultivar KDML 105 (3.9 ng ferritin mg protein(-1)). Increasing milling time and rinsing the Fe-fortified parboiled rice decreased Fe bioavailability, due to their negative effects on total Fe concentrations in the parboiled rice grains, but uptakes were still well above that of their unfortified raw or parboiled rice grains. Rinsing or washing the Fe-fortified and milled rice grains decreased the bioavailability to 85 ng ferritin mg protein(-1) in the YRF cultivar, compared to about 100 ng ferritin ring protein(-1) in its non-rinsed grains. Dilute acid-extractable (DAE) Fe was linearly, positively correlated with the uptake of Fe assessed by the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell technique (r = 0.90**),which can be used as a rapid method for optimizing levels of bioavailable Fe to be fortified in the parboiled rice by parboiled-rice mills if this Fe-fortification technique should be adopted in south and southeast Asia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prom-u-thai, Chanakan; Fukai, Shu] Univ Queensland, Sch Land Crop & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Glahn, Raymond P.; Cheng, Zhiqiang] Robert W Holly Ctr Hlth & Agr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Prom-u-thai, Chanakan; Rerkasem, Benjavan] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agron, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Huang, Longbin] Univ Queensland, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Prom-u-thai, C (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Land Crop & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM chanakan@uq.edu.au RI Minerals Institute, Sustainable/F-8043-2010; Huang, Longbin/F-6376-2011 FU IRRI [IR68144-2B-3-2-2]; Thai Rice Department [KDML 105] FX We would like to thank Dr Russell Reinke and all assistants at Yanco Agriculture Institute, NSW, Australia for their help in the field experiment and parboiled rice mill operators in central Thailand for their information on parboiled rice process and sample collections. Seeds of IR68144-2B-3-2-2 were provided by IRRI and KDML 105 by the Thai Rice Department. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 4 BP 982 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.020 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358CG UT WOS:000259893600034 ER PT J AU Madej, MA Sutherland, DG Lisle, TE Pryor, B AF Madej, Mary Ann Sutherland, Diane G. Lisle, Thomas E. Pryor, Bonnie TI Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Storage; Flume; Aggradation; Degradation ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; HETEROGENEOUS SEDIMENT; ALLUVIAL CHANNEL; BEDLOAD SHEETS; TRANSPORT; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; WAVE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; AGGRADATION AB At the reach scale, a channel adjusts to sediment supply and flow through mutual interactions among channel form, bed particle size, and flow dynamics that govern river bed mobility. Sediment can impair the beneficial uses of a river, but the timescales for studying recovery following high sediment loading in the field setting make flume experiments appealing. We use a flume experiment, coupled with field measurements in a gravel-bed river, to explore sediment transport, storage, and mobility relations under various sediment supply conditions. Our flume experiment modeled adjustments of channel morphology, slope, and armoring in a gravel-bed channel. Under moderate sediment increases, channel bed elevation increased and sediment output increased, but channel planform remained similar to pre-feed conditions. During the following degradational cycle, most of the excess sediment was evacuated from the flume and the bed became armored. Under high sediment feed, channel bed elevation increased, the bed became smoother, mid-channel bars and bedload sheets formed, and water surface slope increased. Concurrently, output increased and became more poorly sorted. During the last degradational cycle, the channel became armored and channel incision ceased before all excess sediment was removed. Selective transport of finer material was evident throughout the aggradational cycles and became more pronounced during degradational cycles as the bed became armored. Our flume results of changes in bed elevation, sediment storage, channel morphology, and bed texture parallel those from field surveys of Redwood Creek, northern California, which has exhibited channel bed degradation for 30 years following a large aggradation event in the 1970s. The flume experiment suggested that channel recovery in terms of reestablishing a specific morphology may not occur, but the channel may return to a state of balancing sediment supply and transport capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sutherland, Diane G.; Lisle, Thomas E.; Pryor, Bonnie] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov; dsutherland@fs.fed.us; tel7001@humboldt.edu; bonnie@northernhydrology.com OI Pryor, Bonnie/0000-0002-4396-1739 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.07.017 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399NT UT WOS:000262807300001 ER PT J AU Byars, JA Jong, L AF Byars, Jeffrey A. Jong, Lei TI Flow Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Defatted Soy Flour SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; defatted soy flour; elastomers; rheology ID CARBON-BLACK; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; ELASTOMER COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; SHELL AB The linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with defatted soy flour (DSF) were studied. DSF is an abundant, renewable commodity, and its rigid nature makes it Suitable as a reinforcement phase in rubber composites. At small strain, the elastic modulus of a 30% filled composite was about 20 times higher than the unfilled rubber. Greater reinforcement was observed for carbon black filled composites than for DSF filled composites at filler concentrations of 10 and 20%. At high strain, values of the relaxation Modulus dropped more rapidly for highly filled DSF composites. At high shear rates in a capillary viscometer, a small reinforcement effect remained for all composites, and lower die swell was observed for DSF composites. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 2049-2055, 2009 C1 [Byars, Jeffrey A.; Jong, Lei] USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byars, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jeffrey.byars@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 2049 EP 2055 DI 10.1002/app.29187 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 386QE UT WOS:000261896900073 ER PT J AU de los Santos, T Diaz-San Segundo, F Zhu, J Koster, M Dias, CCA Grubman, MJ AF de los Santos, Teresa Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna Zhu, James Koster, Marla Dias, Camila C. A. Grubman, Marvin J. TI A Conserved Domain in the Leader Proteinase of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Required for Proper Subcellular Localization and Function SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; ALPHA/BETA-INTERFERON; POLIOVIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CLEAVAGE SITE; PIAS PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; PROTEASE AB The leader proteinase (L(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is involved in antagonizing the innate immune response by blocking the expression of interferon (IFN) and by reducing the immediate-early induction of IFN-beta mRNA and IFN-stimulated genes. In addition to its role in shutting off cap-dependent host mRNA translation, L(pro) is associated with the degradation of the p65/RelA subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Bioinformatics analysis suggests that L(pro) contains a SAP (for SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS) domain, a protein structure associated in some cases with the nuclear retention of molecules involved in transcriptional control. We have introduced a single or a double mutation in conserved amino acid residues contained within this domain of L(pro). Although three stable mutant viruses were obtained, only the double mutant displayed an attenuated phenotype in cell culture. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that L(pro) subcellular distribution is altered in cells infected with the double mutant virus. Interestingly, nuclear p65/RelA staining disappeared from wild-type (WT) FMDV-infected cells but not from double mutant virus-infected cells. Consistent with these results, NF-kappa B-dependent transcription was not inhibited in cells infected with double mutant virus in contrast to cells infected with WT virus. However, degradation of the translation initiation factor eIF-4G was very similar for both the WT and the double mutant viruses. Since L(pro) catalytic activity was demonstrated to be a requirement for p65/RelA degradation, our results indicate that mutation of the SAP domain reveals a novel separation-of-function activity for FMDV L(pro). C1 [de los Santos, Teresa; Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna; Zhu, James; Koster, Marla; Dias, Camila C. A.; Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP de los Santos, T (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM teresa.delossantos@ars.usda.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Department of Agriculture; CRIS Project [1940-32000-052-00D] FX We thank Z. Lu for technical assistance with DNA sequencing. This study was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of F.D.-S.S. and C. C. A. D.) and by CRIS Project no. 1940-32000-052-00D, ARS, USDA (T. D. L. S., J. Z., and M. J. G.). NR 49 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1800 EP 1810 DI 10.1128/JVI.02112-08 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 400AK UT WOS:000262840200026 PM 19052079 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Waters, WR AF Palmer, Mitchell V. Thacker, Tyler C. Waters, W. Ray TI Histology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the bovine palatine tonsil with special emphasis on reticular epithelium SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Histology; Lymphoid tissue; M-cell; Tonsil; Ultrastructure ID FOLLICLE-ASSOCIATED EPITHELIUM; M-CELLS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; DENDRITIC CELLS; MUCOSAL DISEASE; T-LYMPHOCYTES; SIRP-ALPHA AB The paired palatine tonsils, located at the junction of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, are ideally positioned to sample antigens entering through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsillar epithelium. To better understand the cellular composition of this important epithelial layer, palatine tonsils were collected from six, 7-month-old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained more B-cells, CD4+, CD8+, CD11c+, CD172a+ and gamma/delta TCR+ cells than non-reticular epithelium, with B-cells, CD4+ cells and CD11c+ cells being most numerous. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified an interrupted basement membrane and vascular elements within the epithelium, as well as cells with characteristics morphologically consistent with cells identified as M-cells in other species. Bovine palatine tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as potential M-cell-like cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing and initiation of immune responses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Palmer, Mitchell V.; Thacker, Tyler C.; Waters, W. Ray] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mitchell.palmer@ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 FU Veterinary Services; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; USDA FX The authors thank Theresa Anspach, Jason Crabtree, Jay Steffen, Doug Ewing, and Todd Holtz for animal care and Bart Olthoff, Jessica Pollock, Rachel Huegel, Mike Howard, Shelly Zimmerman, Judith Stasko, Michele Fenneman, and Virginia Montgomery for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This project was funded in part by Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.336 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 407YG UT WOS:000263399600011 PM 19084280 ER PT J AU MacKinnon, KM He, H Swaggerty, CL McReynolds, JL Genovese, KJ Duke, SE Nerren, JR Kogut, MH AF MacKinnon, K. M. He, H. Swaggerty, C. L. McReynolds, J. L. Genovese, K. J. Duke, S. E. Nerren, J. R. Kogut, M. H. TI In ovo treatment with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides decreases colonization of Salmonella enteriditis in broiler chickens SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CpG-ODN; Innate immunity; Salmonella enteriditis; In ovo; Chicken ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; NEONATAL CHICKENS; AVIAN MACROPHAGE; HUMORAL RESPONSE; LETHAL CHALLENGE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BACTERIAL-DNA; HETEROPHILS AB Induction of the innate immune response in newly hatched chickens is important for limiting infections with bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis (SE). CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) can stimulate the innate immune response of young chickens. Therefore, we examined the effectiveness of CpG-ODN administered in ovo on intestinal colonization by SE and the ability to modulate the function of heterophils in young chickens. Heterophils were isolated from 2-day-old chickens and were stimulated with heat-killed SE (HK-SE) or PMA for oxidative burst and HK-SE or live SE for degranulation assays. CpG-ODN treatment had no effect on heterophil oxidative burst when stimulated with HK-SE or PMA. However, HK-SE and live SE increased degranulation (P < 0.01) in heterophils from CpG-ODN-treated birds compared to PBS-treated controls. In a second experiment, chickens were orally infected with SE on day 10 post-hatch and cecal contents were collected 6 days later for assessment of SE intestinal colonization. CpG-ODN treatment reduced SE colonization by greater than 10-fold (P < 0.001) compared to PBS-injected control birds. Overall, we show for the first time that CpG-ODN given in ovo stimulates innate immune responsiveness of chicken heterophils and increases resistance of young chickens to SE colonization. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacKinnon, K. M.; He, H.; Swaggerty, C. L.; McReynolds, J. L.; Genovese, K. J.; Duke, S. E.; Nerren, J. R.; Kogut, M. H.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP MacKinnon, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kmackinn@vt.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 407YG UT WOS:000263399600022 PM 19019459 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Shigaki, T Mei, H Guo, YQ Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD AF Zhao, Jian Shigaki, Toshiro Mei, Hui Guo, Ying-qing Cheng, Ning-Hui Hirschi, Kendal D. TI Interaction between Arabidopsis Ca2(+)/H+ Exchangers CAX1 and CAX3 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ION HOMEOSTASIS; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; CA2+/H+ ANTIPORTER; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; ABC TRANSPORTER; SALT TOLERANCE; CROSS-TALK; OAT ROOTS; YEAST AB In plants, high capacity tonoplast cation/H+ antiport is mediated in part by a family of CAX (cation exchanger) transporters. Functional association between CAX1 and CAX3 has previously been inferred; however, the nature of this interaction has not been established. Here we analyze the formation of "hetero-CAX" complexes and their transport properties. Co-expressing both CAX1 and CAX3 mediated lithium and salt tolerance in yeast, and these phenotypes could not be recapitulated by expression of deregulated versions of either transporter. Coincident expression of Arabidopsis CAX1 and CAX3 occurs during particular stress responses, flowering, and seedling growth. Analysis of cax1, cax3, and cax1/3 seedlings demonstrated similar stress sensitivities. When plants expressed high levels of both CAXs, alterations in transport properties were evident that could not be recapitulated by high level expression of either transporter individually. In planta coimmunoprecipitation suggested that a protein-protein interaction occurred between CAX1 and CAX3. In vivo interaction between the CAX proteins was shown using a split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system and gel shift assays. These findings demonstrate cation exchange plasticity through hetero-CAX interactions. C1 [Zhao, Jian; Shigaki, Toshiro; Guo, Ying-qing; Cheng, Ning-Hui; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mei, Hui; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 9018,Campus Mail Stop BCM 320, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.edu OI Zhao, Jian/0000-0002-4416-7334 FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001]; National Science Foundation [90344350]; United States Department of Agriculture [2005-34402-17121] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6001, National Science Foundation Grant 90344350, and United States Department of Agriculture Grant 2005-34402-17121, Designing Foods for Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 13 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 7 BP 4605 EP 4615 DI 10.1074/jbc.M804462200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 404ET UT WOS:000263134400060 PM 19098009 ER PT J AU Wiens, GD Dale, OB AF Wiens, Gregory D. Dale, Ole Bendik TI Renibacterium salmoninarum p57 antigenic variation is restricted in geographic distribution and correlated with genomic markers SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Renibacterium salmoninarum; msa gene P57; Antigenic variation; Exact tandem repeat locus; ETR ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; PROTEIN P57; MSA GENES; VIRULENCE; PATHOGEN; FISH; SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; INFECTION AB The 57 kDa protein (p57) is an important diagnostic antigen that is implicated in the pathogenesis of salmonid bacterial kidney disease. Little is known about the nature and extent of antigenic variation in p57. Previously, we reported that p57 produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum Strain 684 contains a mutation that disrupts monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4C11 binding. In the present study, we examined MAb binding to a panel of 23 additional R. salmoninarum isolates obtained from diverse geographic locations to examine the prevalence of this variant and whether additional variability exists within other p57 epitopes. Six p57-specific MAbs (4C11, 4D3, 3H1, 4H8, 4D10 and 1A1) were used to probe dot and western blots to determine the relative expression, size and cellular association of p57. Full-length p57 was produced by all isolates, and for each isolate, the protein was associated with the bacterial cell surface. The epitopes recognized by 4 MAbs, 4D3, 4H8, 3H1 and 1A1, were conserved among all strains tested. The 4C11 epitope was absent in 5 of 8 strains originating from Norway, while the 4D10 epitope was partially disrupted in one isolate from British Columbia, Canada. The 5 Norwegian antigenic-variant strains appeared to be clonally related as they shared the following characteristics: one tandem repeat in the ETRA locus, a Sequovar-4 16-23S rRNA intervening DNA sequence, a larger XhoI fragment in the msa1 5' region, and absent msa3 gene. These results indicate that limited antigenic and genomic variation exists between strains and this variation appears geographically restricted in distribution. C1 [Wiens, Gregory D.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Dale, Ole Bendik] Natl Vet Inst, Oslo, Norway. RP Wiens, GD (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM greg.wiens@ars.usda.gov RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014; OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education Service [2004-00619]; Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project [1930-32000-002] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education Service proposal number 2004-00619 and Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 1930-32000-002 'Host-pathogen and environmental interactions in cool and cold water aquaculture'. We thank B. Wiens for a critical review of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 12 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.3354/dao02002 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 419NZ UT WOS:000264227600005 PM 19326793 ER PT J AU Hnasko, R Bruederle, CE AF Hnasko, Robert Bruederle, Cathrin E. TI Inoculation of Scrapie with the Self-Assembling RADA-Peptide Disrupts Prion Accumulation and Extends Hamster Survival SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Intracerebral inoculation of 263K Scrapie brain homogenate (PrPsc) with a self-assembling RADA-peptide (RADA) significantly delayed disease onset and increased hamster survival. Time of survival was dependent on the dose of RADA and pre-incubation with PrPsc prior to inoculation. RADA treatment resulted in the absence of detectable PrPsc at 40 d followed by an increased rate of PrPsc accumulation at 75 d up to sacrifice. In all PrPsc inoculated animals, clinical symptoms were observed similar to 10 d prior to sacrifice and brains showed spongiform degeneration with Congo red positive plaques. A time-dependent increase in reactive gliosis was observed in both groups with more GFAP detected in RADA treated animals at all time points. The PrP protein showed dose-dependent binding to RADA and this binding was competitively inhibited by Congo Red. We conclude that RADA disrupts the efficacy of prion transmission by altering the rate of PrPsc accumulation. This is the first demonstration that a self-assembling biomolecular peptide can interact with PrPsc, disrupt the course of Scrapie disease process, and extend survival. C1 [Hnasko, Robert; Bruederle, Cathrin E.] USDA ARS, PWA, WRRC, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Hnasko, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, WRRC, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM Robert.Hnasko@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Program in AnimalHealth [5325-32000-008-00D] FX This work was supported and administered under the USDA-ARS National Program in AnimalHealth (CRIS # 5325-32000-008-00D). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. The funding agency has approved the publication of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 12 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 AR e4440 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004440 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437JQ UT WOS:000265484200006 PM 19212437 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Torkzaban, S Leij, F Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT AF Bradford, Scott A. Torkzaban, Saeed Leij, Feike Simunek, Jiri van Genuchten, Martinus T. TI Modeling the coupled effects of pore space geometry and velocity on colloid transport and retention SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; LINEAR SHEAR-FLOW; FILTRATION THEORY; MICROSPHERE DEPOSITION; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB Recent experimental and theoretical work has demonstrated that pore space geometry and hydrodynamics can play an important role in colloid retention under unfavorable attachment conditions. Conceptual models that only consider the average pore water velocity and a single attachment rate coefficient are therefore not always adequate to describe colloid retention processes, which frequently produce nonexponential profiles of retained colloids with distance. In this work, we highlight a dual-permeability model formulation that can be used to account for enhanced colloid retention in low-velocity regions of the pore space. The model accounts for different rates of advective and dispersive transport, as well as first-order colloid retention and release in fast and slow velocity regions of the pore space. The model also includes provisions for the exchange of colloids from fast to slow regions in the aqueous phase and/or on the solid phase. A sensitivity analysis performed with the dual-permeability model parameters indicated that low rates of advective transport to low-velocity regions had a pronounced influence on colloid retention profiles, especially near the inlet. The developed model provided a good description of measured colloid breakthrough curves and retention profiles that were collected for a variety of conditions. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed; Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Leij, Feike] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [van Genuchten, Martinus T.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Mech Engn, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 FU USDA-ARS; NRI [NRI 2006-02541]; EPA [IAG DW-12-92189901-0] FX This research was supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS, by a grant from NRI (NRI 2006-02541), and by an interagency agreement with the EPA (IAG DW-12-92189901-0). Mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA. NR 82 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 12 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W02414 DI 10.1029/2008WR007096 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 406ZF UT WOS:000263332700002 ER PT J AU Valappil, ZA Fan, XT Zhang, HQ Rouseff, RL AF Valappil, Zareena Azhu Fan, Xuetong Zhang, Howard Q. Rouseff, Russell L. TI Impact of Thermal and Nonthermal Processing Technologies on Unfermented Apple Cider Aroma Volatiles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cloudy apple juice; triangle tests ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ORANGE JUICE; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; UV INACTIVATION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; QUALITY; DEGRADATION; ODORS; MODEL; COMPONENTS AB Aroma composition and microbial quality of identical lots of apple cider treated by pulsed electric field (PEF), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), or thermal pasteurization stored at 4 degrees C were compared at 0 and 4 weeks. Conditions were optimized to achieve identical 5 log reductions in Escherichia coli K12 for each treatment. PEF and thermal pasteurization maintained acceptable microbial quality for 4 weeks, but UV samples fermented after 2 weeks. Twenty-eight volatiles were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and odor activity values (OAV) determined. OAVs of 69:hexyl acetate, 41:hexanal, 25:2-methylbutyl acetate, 23:2-methyl ethyl butyrate, and 14:2-(E)-hexenal were observed for the control cider. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of these odorants were observed between treated apple ciders only after 4 weeks of storage. Thermal samples lost 30% of the major ester and aldehyde volatiles during storage with significant decreases (p < 0.05) in butyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexanal, and 2-(E)-hexenal. In UV cider, hexanal and 2-(E)-hexenal were completely lost after 4 weeks of storage. Microbial spoilage in UV cider after 4 weeks of storage was chemically confirmed by the detection of the microbial metabolite 1,3-pentadiene. PEF cider lost <2% of its total ester and aldehydes after 4 weeks of storage and was preferred by 91% of the sensory panel over thermally treated cider. C1 [Valappil, Zareena Azhu; Rouseff, Russell L.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Valappil, Zareena Azhu; Fan, Xuetong; Zhang, Howard Q.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rouseff, RL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM rlr@crec.ifas.ufl.edu RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 924 EP 929 DI 10.1021/jf803142d PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 402WC UT WOS:000263042800021 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Kim, WS Jang, S Kerley, MS AF Krishnan, Hari B. Kim, Won-Seok Jang, Sungchan Kerley, Monty S. TI All Three Subunits of Soybean beta-Conglycinin Are Potential Food Allergens SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allergen; beta-conglycinin; IgE reactivity; glycoprotein; soybeans ID SENSITIVE PATIENTS; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; GLYCININ G1; ARA H-3; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; ASTHMA; SERA; RATS AB Soybeans are recognized as one of the "big 8" food allergens. IgE antibodies from soybean-sensitive patients recognize more than 15 soybean proteins. Among these proteins only the a-subunit of beta-conglycinin, but not the highly homologous alpha'- and beta-subunits, has been shown to be a major allergenic protein. The objective of this study was to examine if the alpha'- and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin can also serve as potential allergens. Immunoblot analysis using sera collected from soybean-allergic patients revealed the presence of IgE antibodies that recognized several soy proteins including 72, 70, 52, 34, and 21 kDa proteins. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis of trypsin-digested 72, 70, and 52 kDa proteins indicated that these proteins were the alpha'-, alpha-, and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin, respectively. Additionally, purified alpha'-, alpha-, and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin were recognized by IgE antibodies present in the soybean-allergic patients. The IgE reactivity to the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin was not abolished when this glycoprotein was either deglycosylated using glycosidases or expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. The results suggest that in addition to the previously recognized a-subunit of beta-conglycinin, the alpha'- and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin also are potential food allergens. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.; Kim, Won-Seok; Jang, Sungchan] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kerley, Monty S.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 30 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1021/jf802451g PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 402WC UT WOS:000263042800023 PM 19138084 ER PT J AU Ishida, BK Chapman, MH AF Ishida, Bety K. Chapman, Mary H. TI Carotenoid Extraction from Plants Using a Novel, Environmentally Friendly Solvent SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carotenoids; extraction; ethyl lactate; lycopene; trans-lycopene; cis-lycopene; tetra-cis lycopene; beta-carotene; lutein; isomerization; environmentally friendly ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BETA-CAROTENE; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; TANGERINE TOMATOES; CIS-LYCOPENE; LIPOIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT; HUMANS; PLASMA; CONSUMPTION AB Few environmentally friendly solvents are available to extract carotenoids for use in foods. The most effective known solvents are products of the petroleum industry and toxic for human consumption. Yet carotenoid extracts are desirable for use in dietary supplements and as additives to enhance the health benefits of processed foods. Ethyl lactate is an excellent solvent to extract both trans- and cis-lycopene isomers from dried tomato powder, the extraction efficiency of which is enhanced by the addition of the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and alpha-lipoic acid, both of which are known to benefit human health. It is also useful to extract lutein and beta-carotene from dried powders prepared from white corn and carrots. Because of its low flammability and its origin as a byproduct of the corn and soybean industries, it is more advantageous than ethyl acetate, which is a petroleum product. C1 [Ishida, Bety K.; Chapman, Mary H.] ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM betty.ishida@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.1021/jf8026292 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 402WC UT WOS:000263042800039 PM 19138083 ER PT J AU McDaneld, TG Smith, TPL Doumit, ME Miles, JR Coutinho, LL Sonstegard, TS Matukumalli, LK Nonneman, DJ Wiedmann, RT AF McDaneld, Tara G. Smith, Timothy P. L. Doumit, Matthew E. Miles, Jeremy R. Coutinho, Luiz L. Sonstegard, Tad S. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Nonneman, Dan J. Wiedmann, Ralph T. TI MicroRNA transcriptome profiles during swine skeletal muscle development SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; GENE-REGULATION; SMALL RNAS; C-ELEGANS; IDENTIFICATION; APOPTOSIS; MIR-206; PREDICTION; DROSOPHILA AB Background: MicroRNA (miR) are a class of small RNAs that regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation of protein encoding transcripts. To evaluate the role of miR in skeletal muscle of swine, global microRNA abundance was measured at specific developmental stages including proliferating satellite cells, three stages of fetal growth, day-old neonate, and the adult. Results: Twelve potential novel miR were detected that did not match previously reported sequences. In addition, a number of miR previously reported to be expressed in mammalian muscle were detected, having a variety of abundance patterns through muscle development. Muscle-specific miR-206 was nearly absent in proliferating satellite cells in culture, but was the highest abundant miR at other time points evaluated. In addition, miR-1 was moderately abundant throughout developmental stages with highest abundance in the adult. In contrast, miR-133 was moderately abundant in adult muscle and either not detectable or lowly abundant throughout fetal and neonate development. Changes in abundance of ubiquitously expressed miR were also observed. MiR-432 abundance was highest at the earliest stage of fetal development tested (60 day-old fetus) and decreased throughout development to the adult. Conversely, miR-24 and miR-27 exhibited greatest abundance in proliferating satellite cells and the adult, while abundance of miR-368, miR-376, and miR-423-5p was greatest in the neonate. Conclusion: These data present a complete set of transcriptome profiles to evaluate miR abundance at specific stages of skeletal muscle growth in swine. Identification of these miR provides an initial group of miR that may play a vital role in muscle development and growth. C1 [McDaneld, Tara G.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Miles, Jeremy R.; Nonneman, Dan J.; Wiedmann, Ralph T.] USDA, ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Doumit, Matthew E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Coutinho, Luiz L.] Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Sonstegard, Tad S.] USDA, ARS, Betsville Area, Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM tara.mcdaneld@ars.usda.gov; tim.smith@ars.usda.gov; mdoumit@uidaho.edu; jeremy.miles@ars.usda.gov; llcoutin@esalq.usp.br; tads@anri.barc.usda.gov; lakshmi.matukumalli@ars.usda.gov; dan.nonneman@ars.usda.gov; ralph.wiedmann@ars.usda.gov RI Miles, Jeremy/A-7572-2009; Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012 NR 59 TC 74 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 77 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-77 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 418CE UT WOS:000264124000002 PM 19208255 ER PT J AU Radtke, PJ Amateis, RL Prisley, SP Copenheaver, CA Chojnacky, DC Pittman, JR Burkhart, HE AF Radtke, Philip J. Amateis, Ralph L. Prisley, Stephen P. Copenheaver, Carolyn A. Chojnacky, David C. Pittman, Judd R. Burkhart, Harold E. TI Modeling production and decay of coarse woody debris in loblolly pine plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Biogeochemical cycle; Detritus; Forest inventory and analysis; Understory fuels; Nutrient cycle ID UNITED-STATES; DEAD WOOD; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST FLOOR; DYNAMICS; VARIABLES; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB Forest management can have large impacts on the production and yield of coarse woody debris (CWD) in terrestrial ecosystems, yet few modeling tools exist to inform such efforts. The goal here was to develop a set of prediction equations for use in conjunction with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) modeling and inventory systems to estimate CWD yields at scales ranging from individual trees to whole plantations. Permanent field plots from a 21-year study of thinning effects on plantation growth and yield across the commercial range of the species in the southern United States were surveyed to obtain sample data on CWD volume, density, and mass. Measured CWD properties were combined with inventory records of tree mortality over the study duration to characterize CWD production, decay and yield in a series of prediction equations. The resulting equations predict CWD attributes of dead trees including dry weight (kg) and fraction of standing versus downed woody material based on the time since death (years), tree diameter at breast height (cm) and height (m) at time of death and geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude. A stand-level equation predicts total CWD yield (Mg ha(-1)) for thinned or unthinned stands based on plantation age, stem density (trees ha(-1)), and the average height of dominant and codominant trees (m). Piece-level equations predict dry density (kg m(-3)) or nitrogen concentration (%) of CWD pieces based on their position (standing or down), ordinal decay classes, and latitude. The tree and stand-level prediction equations are designed for use in GIS or growth and yield modeling systems. The piece-level equations are designed to be used in inventory applications that survey CWD. The equations should facilitate the accurate and facile determination of mass, carbon, and nitrogen contents of CWD in planted loblolly pine forests of the southern United States. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Radtke, Philip J.; Amateis, Ralph L.; Prisley, Stephen P.; Copenheaver, Carolyn A.; Pittman, Judd R.; Burkhart, Harold E.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Chojnacky, David C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Radtke, PJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pradtke@vt.edu RI Radtke, Philip/F-9899-2012; OI Radtke, Philip/0000-0002-8921-8406 FU NRI [2003-35101-13582]; USDA CSREES FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Labially Pine Growth and Yield Research Cooperative at Virginia Tech for its support of this research. The research was also supported by NRI award #2003-35101-13582 from USDA CSREES. Helpful comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Noah Adams, Evan Fitzpatrick, and Christine Shook, who assisted with data collection. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 3 BP 790 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.001 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405IE UT WOS:000263215700004 ER PT J AU Coop, JD Schoettle, AW AF Coop, Jonathan D. Schoettle, Anna W. TI Regeneration of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) three decades after stand-replacing fires SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cronartium ribicola; Facilitation; Five-needle pine; Nurse object; Pike-San Isabel National Forest; Pinus albicaulis; Rocky Mountain National Park; Succession ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; BIRD-DISPERSED PINE; BLISTER RUST; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; CLARK NUTCRACKER; 1ST REPORT; HISTORY; TREE; MICROCLIMATE AB Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) are important high-elevation pines of the southern Rockies that are forecast to decline due to the recent spread of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) into this region. Proactive management strategies to promote the evolution of rust resistance and maintain ecosystem function require an improved understanding of the role of disturbance on the population dynamics of both species and environmental conditions that favor seedling establishment. We examined patterns of bristlecone and limber pine regeneration across the perimeters of three, 29-year-old, high-severity burns in northern, central, and southern Colorado: Ouzel, Badger Mountain, and Maes Creek, respectively. Both species exhibited a very protracted regeneration response to these fires. Bristlecone pine regeneration was concentrated near burn edges and beneath surviving seed sources. This spatial pattern is consistent with limitations incurred by wind-dispersal, also borne out by the low occurrence of seedling clusters. Relative to unburned stands, the absolute abundance of bristlecone pine generally increased only on plots retaining some surviving trees. Limber pine regeneration pattern varied between sites: high in the burn interior at Ouzel, concentrated at burn edges at Badger, and mostly in unburned stands at Maes. Clark's Nutcracker dispersal of limber pine in each study area was indicated by high seedling distance from possible seed sources and high frequencies of clustered stems. Except at Ouzel, the absolute abundance of limber pine decreased in burns. Across sites, establishment by both species was boosted by nearby nurse objects (rocks, fallen logs, and standing tree trunks), a relationship that extended out at least as far as the closest three such objects, usually found within 50 cm. Fire decreased the frequency of Pedicularis but increased Castilleja and Ribes species (alternate hosts of white pine blister rust), though only one species, R. cereum, was positively associated with either pine species. We conclude that regeneration of bristlecone and limber pine may benefit from natural disturbance or proactive management creating appropriately sized openings and microtopographic structure (e.g., abundant fallen logs); however, beneficial responses may require many decades to be achieved. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coop, Jonathan D.; Schoettle, Anna W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Coop, JD (reprint author), Western State Coll Colorado, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. EM jonathancoop@hotmail.com FU Mountain Studies Institute to Koren Nydick; [CS 05-CS-11221616-204] FX We thank Rob Massatti and Schuyler Timmons for outstanding assistance with field data collection. We thank Rudy King for providing feedback on study design, suggestions for statistical analysis and comments on the manuscript, and Dennis Ferguson for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The manuscript also benefitted from review by William Baker and an anonymous reviewer. This research was funded through a cooperative agreement from the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station to the Mountain Studies Institute to Koren Nydick (CS# 05-CS-11221616-204). NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 3 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.034 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405IE UT WOS:000263215700015 ER PT J AU Busse, MD Riegel, GM AF Busse, Matt D. Riegel, Gregg M. TI Response of antelope bitterbrush to repeated prescribed burning in Central Oregon ponderosa pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Purshia tridentata; Mule deer habitat; Wildlife habitat; Fire risk; Wildfire ID PURSHIA-TRIDENTATA; FIRE; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE; FUELS AB Antelope bitterbrush is a dominant shrub in many interior ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. How it responds to prescribed fire is not well understood, yet is of considerable concern to wildlife and fire managers alike given its importance as a browse species and as a ladder fuel in these fire-prone forests. We quantified bitterbrush cover, density, and biomass in response to repeated burning in thinned ponderosa pine forests. Low- to moderate-intensity spring burning killed the majority of bitterbrush plants on replicate plots. Moderately rapid recovery of bitterbrush density and cover resulted from seedling recruitment plus limited basal sprouting. Repeated burning after I I years impeded the recovery of the bitterbrush community. Post-fire seed germination following the repeated burns was 3-14-fold lower compared to the germination rate after the initial burns, while basal sprouting remained fairly minor. After 15 years, bitterbrush cover was 75-92% lower on repeated-burned compared to unburned plots. Only where localized tree mortality resulted in an open stand was bitterbrush recovery robust. By controlling bitterbrush abundance, repeated burning eliminated the potential for wildfire spread when simulated using a customized fire behavior model. The results suggest that repeated burning is a successful method to reduce the long-term fire risk imposed by bitterbrush as an understory ladder fuel in thinned pine stands. Balancing the need to limit fire risk yet provide adequate bitterbrush habitat for wildlife browse will likely require a mosaic pattern of burning at the landscape scale or a burning frequency well beyond 11 years to allow a bitterbrush seed crop to develop. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Busse, Matt D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Riegel, Gregg M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Reg, Area Ecol Program, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us; griegel@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 3 BP 904 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.026 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405IE UT WOS:000263215700016 ER PT J AU Pangle, L Vose, JM Teskey, RO AF Pangle, Luke Vose, James M. Teskey, Robert O. TI Radiation use efficiency in adjacent hardwood and pine forests in the southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Radiation use efficiency; Aboveground net primary productivity; Deciduous forest; Pinus strobus L. ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS; INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZED STANDS; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; STEMWOOD GROWTH AB The efficiency with which trees convert photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to biomass has been shown to be consistent within stands of an individual species, which is useful for estimating biomass production and carbon accumulation. However, radiation use efficiency (F) has rarely been measured in mixed-species forests, and it is unclear how species diversity may affect the consistency of E, particularly across environmental gradients. We compared aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), intercepted photosynthetically active solar radiation (IPAR), and radiation use efficiency (epsilon = ANPP/IPAR) between a mixed deciduous forest and a 50-year-old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) plantation in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Average ANPP was similar in the deciduous forest (11.5 Mg ha(-1) y(-1)) and pine plantation (10.2 Mg ha(-1) y(-1)), while F, was significantly greater in the deciduous forest (1.25 g MJ(-1)) than in the white pine plantation (0.63 g MJ(-1)). Our results demonstrate that late-secondary hardwood forests can attain similar ANPP as mature P. strobus plantations in the southern Appalachians, despite substantially less annual IPAR and mineral-nitrogen availability, suggesting greater resource-use efficiency and potential for long-term carbon accumulation in biomass. Along a 260 m elevation gradient within each forest there was not significant variation in F. Radiation use efficiency may be stable for specific forest types across a range of environmental conditions in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and thus useful for generating estimates of ANPP at the scale of individual watersheds. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pangle, Luke; Teskey, Robert O.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Pangle, L (reprint author), 1661 SW 49th St,Apt 125, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lukepangle@gmail.com FU UGA/USDA Forest Service Cooperative [SRS04CA11330140129] FX We would like to thank Ron Hendrick for providing a critical review of an earlier version of the manuscript. Patrick Bussell provided extensive assistance in the analytical chemistry laboratory which was greatly appreciated. Also, thanks to Mary Anne McGuire, Jason Nedlo, Bruno Furtado, Aaron joslin, Nina Wurzburger, and Mike Murphy for aiding in a variety of ways. This research was supported by the UGA/USDA Forest Service Cooperative Agreement number SRS04CA11330140129. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 3 BP 1034 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.004 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405IE UT WOS:000263215700030 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA West, JB Hobbie, SE Reich, PB AF Dijkstra, Feike A. West, Jason B. Hobbie, Sarah E. Reich, Peter B. TI Antagonistic effects of species on C respiration and net N mineralization in soils from mixed coniferous plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Antagonistic effects; Boreal forest; Mixture; Monoculture; Net N mineralization; SOM decomposition; Synergistic effects; Tree species ID LEAF-LITTER MIXTURES; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BOREAL FORESTS; DECOMPOSITION RATES; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; PRODUCTIVITY; EQUATIONS; BIOMASS AB Mixtures of litter from different plant species often show non-additive effects on decomposition and net N release (i.e., observed effects in mixtures differ from predictions based on litter of the component species), with positive non-additive (i.e., synergistic effects) being most common. Although large amounts of C and N reside in soil organic matter that contribute significantly to the overall C and N cycle, only a few studies have compared species monoculture vs. mixture effects on soil C and N dynamics. We studied the interactive effects of black spruce (Picea mariana), tamarack (Larix laricina), and white pine (Pinus strobus) on soil C respiration and net N mineralization in a plantation in northern Minnesota, USA. The trees were planted in monoculture and in all three possible two-species combinations (mixtures). After 10 years, we measured aboveground plant biomass and soil C respiration and net N mineralization rates in long-term (266 days) and short-term (13 days) laboratory incubations, respectively. Soil C respiration and net N mineralization were significantly lower in mixtures with tamarack than would be predicted from the monocultures of the two component species. Possibly, mixing of lignin rich litter from black spruce or white pine with N rich litter from tamarack suppressed the formation of lignolytic enzymes or formed complexes highly resistant to microbial degradation. However, these antagonistic effects on soil C respiration and net N mineralization in mixtures with tamarack did not result in reduced aboveground biomass in these plots after 10 years of growth. It remains to be seen if these antagonistic effects will affect long-term forest productivity and dynamics in boreal forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.; West, Jason B.; Hobbie, Sarah E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI West, Jason/G-8833-2012; Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018; West, Jason/0000-0002-7811-8020; Hobbie, Sarah/0000-0001-5159-031X FU Wilderness Research Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; NSF LTER [DEB-0080382] FX This research was supported by the Wilderness Research Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy and the NSF LTER Program (DEB-0080382) We thank Adrien Finzi and Tracy Gartner. for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank Rebecca Montgomery and Jeff Eickhoff for their assistance in the field and laboratory. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 3 BP 1112 EP 1118 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.014 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 405IE UT WOS:000263215700039 ER PT J AU Martinez, D Challacombe, J Morgenstern, I Hibbett, D Schmoll, M Kubicek, CP Ferreira, P Ruiz-Duenas, FJ Martinez, AT Kersten, P Hammel, KE Wymelenberg, AV Gaskell, J Lindquist, E Sabat, G BonDurant, SS Larrondo, LF Canessa, P Vicuna, R Yadav, J Doddapaneni, H Subramanian, V Pisabarro, AG Lavin, JL Oguiza, JA Master, E Henrissat, B Coutinho, PM Harris, P Magnuson, JK Baker, SE Bruno, K Kenealy, W Hoegger, PJ Kues, U Ramaiya, P Lucash, S Salamov, A Shapiro, H Tu, H Chee, CL Misra, M Xie, G Teter, S Yaver, D James, T Mokrejs, M Pospisek, M Grigoriev, IV Brettin, T Rokhsar, D Berka, R Cullen, D AF Martinez, Diego Challacombe, Jean Morgenstern, Ingo Hibbett, David Schmoll, Monika Kubicek, Christian P. Ferreira, Patricia Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco J. Martinez, Angel T. Kersten, Phil Hammel, Kenneth E. Wymelenberg, Amber Vanden Gaskell, Jill Lindquist, Erika Sabat, Grzegorz BonDurant, Sandra Splinter Larrondo, Luis F. Canessa, Paulo Vicuna, Rafael Yadav, Jagjit Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Subramanian, Venkataramanan Pisabarro, Antonio G. Lavin, Jose L. Oguiza, Jose A. Master, Emma Henrissat, Bernard Coutinho, Pedro M. Harris, Paul Magnuson, Jon Karl Baker, Scott E. Bruno, Kenneth Kenealy, William Hoegger, Patrik J. Kuees, Ursula Ramaiya, Preethi Lucash, Susan Salamov, Asaf Shapiro, Harris Tu, Hank Chee, Christine L. Misra, Monica Xie, Gary Teter, Sarah Yaver, Debbie James, Tim Mokrejs, Martin Pospisek, Martin Grigoriev, Igor V. Brettin, Thomas Rokhsar, Dan Berka, Randy Cullen, Dan TI Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus Postia placenta supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cellulose; fenton; lignin; cellulase; brown-rot ID BROWN-ROT BASIDIOMYCETE; DEGRADING HEME PEROXIDASES; ARYL-ALCOHOL OXIDASE; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; OXALIC-ACID; WHITE-ROT; CELLULOSE; DEGRADATION; SEQUENCE AB Brown-rot fungi such as Postia placenta are common inhabitants of forest ecosystems and are also largely responsible for the destructive decay of wooden structures. Rapid depolymerization of cellulose is a distinguishing feature of brown-rot, but the biochemical mechanisms and underlying genetics are poorly understood. Systematic examination of the P. placenta genome, transcriptome, and secretome revealed unique extracellular enzyme systems, including an unusual repertoire of extracellular glycoside hydrolases. Genes encoding exo-cellobiohydrolases and cellulose-binding domains, typical of cellulolytic microbes, are absent in this efficient cellulose-degrading fungus. When P. placenta was grown in medium containing cellulose as sole carbon source, transcripts corresponding to many hemicellulases and to a single putative beta-1-4 endoglucanase were expressed at high levels relative to glucose-grown cultures. These transcript profiles were confirmed by direct identification of peptides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Also up-regulated during growth on cellulose medium were putative iron reductases, quinone reductase, and structurally divergent oxidases potentially involved in extracellular generation of Fe(II) and H(2)O(2). These observations are consistent with a biodegradative role for Fenton chemistry in which Fe( II) and H(2)O(2) react to form hydroxyl radicals, highly reactive oxidants capable of depolymerizing cellulose. The P. placenta genome resources provide unparalleled opportunities for investigating such unusual mechanisms of cellulose conversion. More broadly, the genome offers insight into the diversification of lignocellulose degrading mechanisms in fungi. Comparisons with the closely related white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium support an evolutionary shift from white-rot to brown-rot during which the capacity for efficient depolymerization of lignin was lost. C1 [Kersten, Phil; Hammel, Kenneth E.; Gaskell, Jill; Cullen, Dan] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Martinez, Diego; Challacombe, Jean; Misra, Monica; Xie, Gary; Brettin, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Martinez, Diego] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hibbett, David] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Schmoll, Monika; Kubicek, Christian P.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Res Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Ferreira, Patricia; Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco J.; Martinez, Angel T.] CSIC, Ctr Invest Biol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wymelenberg, Amber Vanden] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lucash, Susan; Salamov, Asaf; Shapiro, Harris; Tu, Hank; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Rokhsar, Dan] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Sabat, Grzegorz; BonDurant, Sandra Splinter] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Biotechnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Larrondo, Luis F.; Canessa, Paulo; Vicuna, Rafael] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago 8331010, Chile. [Yadav, Jagjit; Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Subramanian, Venkataramanan] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Pisabarro, Antonio G.; Lavin, Jose L.; Oguiza, Jose A.] Univ Publ Navarra, Genet & Microbiol Res Grp, Pamplona 31006, Spain. [Master, Emma] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. [Henrissat, Bernard; Coutinho, Pedro M.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Henrissat, Bernard; Coutinho, Pedro M.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Harris, Paul; Ramaiya, Preethi; Teter, Sarah; Yaver, Debbie; Berka, Randy] Novozymes Inc, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Magnuson, Jon Karl; Baker, Scott E.; Bruno, Kenneth] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kenealy, William] Mascoma Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Hoegger, Patrik J.; Kuees, Ursula] Univ Gottingen, Busgen Inst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [James, Tim] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mokrejs, Martin; Pospisek, Martin] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, CR-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@wisc.edu RI Kues, Ursula/B-8280-2008; Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Pospisek, Martin/A-9100-2008; Pisabarro, Antonio/K-3622-2014; Master, Emma/O-3554-2014; Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco/L-9837-2015; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016; Lavin, Jose Luis/J-7892-2013; OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; Pisabarro, Antonio/0000-0001-6987-5794; Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco/0000-0002-9837-5665; Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109; Lavin, Jose Luis/0000-0003-0914-3211; Mokrejs, Martin/0000-0002-2521-4473; Schmoll, Monika/0000-0003-3918-0574; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X; Martinez, Angel T/0000-0002-1584-2863; Kues, Ursula/0000-0001-9180-4079 FU U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396]; University of Wisconsin [DE-FG02-87ER13712]; Forest Products Laboratory; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services [2007-35504-18257]; National Institutes of Health [GM060201]; Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas ( Madrid) [NMP2-2006-026456]; Ministry of Education Czech Republic [LC06066] FX We thank Sally Ralph (FPL) for preparation of ball-milled aspen. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344; Los Alamos National Laboratory Contract DE-AC02-06NA25396; University of Wisconsin Grant DE-FG02-87ER13712; Forest Products Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services Grant 2007-35504-18257; National Institutes of Health Grant GM060201 ( to University of New Mexico); Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas ( Madrid) EU-project NMP2-2006-026456; Ministry of Education Czech Republic Grant LC06066. NR 33 TC 266 Z9 286 U1 5 U2 144 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 10 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1954 EP 1959 DI 10.1073/pnas.0809575106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 405VO UT WOS:000263252500052 PM 19193860 ER PT J AU Morse, AM Peterson, DG Islam-Faridi, MN Smith, KE Magbanua, Z Garcia, SA Kubisiak, TL Amerson, HV Carlson, JE Nelson, CD Davis, JM AF Morse, Alison M. Peterson, Daniel G. Islam-Faridi, M. Nurul Smith, Katherine E. Magbanua, Zenaida Garcia, Saul A. Kubisiak, Thomas L. Amerson, Henry V. Carlson, John E. Nelson, C. Dana Davis, John M. TI Evolution of Genome Size and Complexity in Pinus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Genome evolution in the gymnosperm lineage of seed plants has given rise to many of the most complex and largest plant genomes, however the elements involved are poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: Gymny is a previously undescribed retrotransposon family in Pinus that is related to Athila elements in Arabidopsis. Gymny elements are dispersed throughout the modern Pinus genome and occupy a physical space at least the size of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. In contrast to previously described retroelements in Pinus, the Gymny family was amplified or introduced after the divergence of pine and spruce ( Picea). If retrotransposon expansions are responsible for genome size differences within the Pinaceae, as they are in angiosperms, then they have yet to be identified. In contrast, molecular divergence of Gymny retrotransposons together with other families of retrotransposons can account for the large genome complexity of pines along with protein-coding genic DNA, as revealed by massively parallel DNA sequence analysis of Cot fractionated genomic DNA. Conclusions/Significance: Most of the enormous genome complexity of pines can be explained by divergence of retrotransposons, however the elements responsible for genome size variation are yet to be identified. Genomic resources for Pinus including those reported here should assist in further defining whether and how the roles of retrotransposons differ in the evolution of angiosperm and gymnosperm genomes. C1 [Morse, Alison M.; Davis, John M.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Peterson, Daniel G.; Magbanua, Zenaida] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Islam-Faridi, M. Nurul; Smith, Katherine E.; Kubisiak, Thomas L.; Nelson, C. Dana] USDA Forest Serv So Res Stn, Saucier, MS USA. [Garcia, Saul A.; Amerson, Henry V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC USA. [Carlson, John E.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Morse, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jmdavis@ufl.edu OI Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-0274-5968 FU USDA Forest Service-Southern Research Station [SRS 00-CA-11330126-016]; NSF [DBI-0421717]; USDA-CSREES [2006-34506-17290] FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service-Southern Research Station (Agreement SRS 00-CA-11330126-016 to JMD and AMM), NSF DBI-0421717 (to DGP, CDN and MNI-F) and USDA-CSREES 2006-34506-17290 (to DGP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 AR e4332 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004332 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437JL UT WOS:000265483600001 PM 19194510 ER PT J AU Pillai, SPS Pantin-Jackwood, M Jadhao, SJ Suarez, DL Wang, L Yassine, HM Saif, YM Lee, CW AF Pillai, S. P. S. Pantin-Jackwood, M. Jadhao, S. J. Suarez, D. L. Wang, L. Yassine, H. M. Saif, Y. M. Lee, C. -W. TI Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Breeder turkeys; H3N2; Triple reassortants; Influenza ID A VIRUSES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; SWINE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION; PIGS AB Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from turkeys in the United States since 2003. These TR H3N2 virus infections have been associated with drastic declines in egg production in breeder turkeys although co-infection with multiple agents could have been responsible for exacerbating the clinical signs. In this study, we experimentally confirmed that TR H3N2 influenza virus alone can cause drastic reduction/complete cessation of egg production and pathology of the reproductive tract in 26-week-old breeder turkeys. We confirmed high levels of virus replication and abundant distribution Of avian specific alpha 2,3 sialic acid-galactose receptors ill the oviduct of these turkeys. Although 2-6-week-old turkeys are routinely used for pathogenicity and vaccine protection studies, the low levels of viral shedding and asymptomatic infections in this age group often pose difficulty in interpretation of results. Our study shows that breeder turkeys Should be used to assess the potential pathogenicity of TR H3N2 viruses and the viral titers and pathology of the oviduct as well as egg production data can be good measures of protection following in vivo challenge in vaccine efficacy Studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Pillai, S. P. S.; Wang, L.; Yassine, H. M.; Saif, Y. M.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Pillai, S. P. S.; Wang, L.; Yassine, H. M.; Saif, Y. M.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, M.; Jadhao, S. J.; Suarez, D. L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM lee.2854@osu.edu RI Wang, Leyi/G-9448-2014 OI Wang, Leyi/0000-0001-5813-9505 FU Midwest Poultry Consortium FX The authors are grateful to Megan Strother and Keumsuk Hong for their technical assistance with animal handling and real time RT-PCR. This study was supported in part by grants from Midwest Poultry Consortium to C.WL and Y.M.S. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 6 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.076 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 408FV UT WOS:000263421800003 PM 19071183 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Wells, A Casey, P Miller, JE AF Burke, J. M. Wells, A. Casey, P. Miller, J. E. TI Garlic and papaya lack control over gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Garlic; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Goats; Haemonchus contortus; Lambs; Papaya ID PLANT CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; IN-VITRO; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; EFFICACY AB Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) continue to hinder small ruminant production because of anthelmintic resistance and lack of effective products for GIN control in organic production. The objective of this Study was to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available certified organic garlic product, fresh garlic juice, or garlic bulbs as an anthelmintic to control GIN in goats and papaya seeds for GIN control in lambs. In the first experiment, weaned meat goat kids were administered water or a commercial garlic juice product (n = 7/treatment). In the second experiment, kids were administered water, fresh garlic juice, or fed garlic bulbs (n = 9 or 10/treatment). In a third experiment, lambs were administered nothing or papaya seed in water (n = 12/treatment), Naturally infected goats were Supplemented with bermudagrass hay and corn/soybean supplement in the first experiment or maintained on bermudagrass pasture ill the second experiment or lambs grazed mixed grasses in the third. Blood and fecal samples were collected oil Days 0, 7, and 14 after administration of treatment to examine changes ill blood packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg Counts (FEC). PCV and FEC were similar by Day 14 between kids treated with a commercial garlic juice and water ill the first experiment. Similarly, PCV was not different among treatment groups in the second experiment. FEC of the garlic juice group was lower than the other two groups on Day 0, but was similar among groups by Day 14. Deworming was required in one goat within each treatment group by Day 7 and in three kids in the garlic juice group and two in the garlic bulb group by Day 14. No changes in PCV OF FEC were apparent in response to papaya seed compared With untreated lambs. Based oil the alternative plant products used in this Study, garlic or papaya seed is not recommended as an aid to control GIN in goats or lambs. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Wells, A.; Casey, P.] Heifer Int, Heifer Ranch, Perryville, AR 72126 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CSREES IOP [2005-51300-02392] FX This research was supported by USDA CSREES IOP (Project No. 2005-51300-02392). The authors greatly appreciate the efforts of J. Cherry, L. Rowland, and R. Stengle. A special thanks to the Volunteers at Heifer International that participated in this project. The Southern Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (www.scsrpc.org) played a role in the need for this project and its interpretation. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 159 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.021 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 406QB UT WOS:000263308900012 PM 19019552 ER PT J AU Mangwende, T Wang, ML Borth, W Hu, J Moore, PH Mirkov, TE Albert, HH AF Mangwende, Tichaona Wang, Ming-Li Borth, Wayne Hu, John Moore, Paul H. Mirkov, T. Erik Albert, Henrik H. TI The P0 gene of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus encodes an RNA silencing suppressor with unique activities SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE P0; PTGS; RNA silencing; Suppressor; Cell death phenotype; Poleroviruses; Systemic PTGS ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; INTERFERING RNA; MESSENGER-RNA; HC-PRO; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; TRANSGENE; PATHWAY; DICER-LIKE-4; DEGRADATION AB The Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) P0, a member of the highly heterologous proteins of poleroviruses, is a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and has additional activities not seen in other PO proteins. The PO protein in previously tested poleroviruses (Beet western yellows virus and Cucurbit aphidborne yellows virus), suppresses local, but not systemic, PTGS induced by both sense GFP and inverted repeat GF using its F-box-like domain to mediate destabilization of the Argonaute1 protein. We now report that the SCYLV PO protein not only suppressed local PTGS induced by sense GFP and inverted repeat GF in Nicotiana benthamiana, but also triggered a dosage dependent cell death phenotype in infiltrated leaves and suppressed systemic sense GFP-PTGS. Deletion of the first 15 N-terminal amino acid residues of SCYLV PO abolished suppression of both local and systemic PTGS and the induction of cell death. In contrast, only systemic PTGS and cell death were lost when the 15 C-terminal amino acid residues were deleted. We conclude that the 15 C-terminal amino acid residue region of SCYLV PO is necessary for suppressing systemic PTGS and inducing cell death, but is not required for suppression of local PTGS. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mirkov, T. Erik] Texas A&M Univ, ArgiLife Res Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Mangwende, Tichaona; Wang, Ming-Li] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Borth, Wayne; Hu, John] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Moore, Paul H.; Albert, Henrik H.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Mirkov, TE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, ArgiLife Res Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, 2415 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tmangwende@gmail.com; Mwang@harc-hspa.com; borth@hawaii.edu; johnhu@hawaii.edu; paul.moore@ars.usda.gov; e-mirkov@tamu.edu; HENRIK.ALBERT@PIONEER.COM FU cooperative agreement [CA 58-3020-8-134]; USDA-ARS; HARC; USDA-CSREES Tropical/ Subtropical Agricultural Research [2005-34135-16381] FX We thank Jim Carr, Eva Ahrendt, Triton Peltier and Joe Molina for excellent technical work. This work was partially supported by a cooperative agreement (No. CA 58-3020-8-134) between USDA-ARS and HARC, and in part by a grant from the USDA-CSREES Tropical/ Subtropical Agricultural Research (Award No. 2005-34135-16381). NR 63 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 384 IS 1 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.10.034 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 402US UT WOS:000263039200008 PM 19046592 ER PT J AU Holinka, LG Fernandez-Sainz, I O'Donnell, V Prarat, MV Gladue, DP Lu, Z Risatti, GR Borca, MV AF Holinka, L. G. Fernandez-Sainz, I. O'Donnell, V. Prarat, M. V. Gladue, D. P. Lu, Z. Risatti, G. R. Borca, M. V. TI Development of a live attenuated antigenic marker classical swine fever vaccine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Classical Swine Fever Virus; Live attenuated vaccines; Marker vaccines; Antigenic marker; Genetic marker; Attenuation; Virulence; Glycoproteins; Serology; Immunization; DIVA strategy; Protection ID ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN E2; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; PROTECTS PIGS; E-RNS; CSFV; PESTIVIRUS; CHALLENGE; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY AB Until recently strategies for controlling Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) involve either prophylactic vaccination or non-vaccination with elimination of infected herds depending on the epidemiological situation of the affected geographical area. Marker vaccines allowing distinction between naturally infected from vaccinated swine could complement "stamping out" measures. Here we developed a double antigenic marker live attenuated CSFV strain FIagT4v obtained by combining two genetic determinants of attenuation. FIagT4v harbors a positive antigenic marker, synthetic Flag (R) epitope, introduced via a 19mer insertion in E1 glycoprotein; and a negative marker resulting from mutations of the binding site of monoclonal antibody WH303 (mAbWH303) epitope in E2 glycoprotein. Intranasal or intramuscular administration of FIagT4v protected swine against virulent CSFV Brescia strain at early (2 or 3 days), and late (28 days) time post-inoculation. FIagT4v induced antibody response in pigs reacted strongly against the Flag epitope but failed to inhibit binding of mAbWH303 to a synthetic peptide representing the WH303 epitope. These results constitute a proof-of-concept for rationally designing a CSFV antigenically marked live attenuated virus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Holinka, L. G.; Fernandez-Sainz, I.; O'Donnell, V.; Prarat, M. V.; Gladue, D. P.; Borca, M. V.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [O'Donnell, V.; Risatti, G. R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lu, Z.] DHS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; ignacio.fernandez-sainz@ars.usda.gov; vivian.odonnell@ars.usda.gov; melanie.prarat@ars.usda.gov; douglas.gladue@ars.usda.gov; zlu@dhs.gov; guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 384 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.10.039 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 402US UT WOS:000263039200015 PM 19046591 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CPJ Branfireun, BA Kolka, RK AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Branfireun, Brian A. Kolka, Randall K. TI Methylmercury dynamics at the upland-peatland interface: Topographic and hydrogeochemical controls SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MERCURY METHYLATION; SULFATE STIMULATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ACID-RAIN; HOT-SPOTS; WATER; FLOW; REDUCTION; WETLAND AB Peatlands are important environments for the transformation of atmospherically deposited inorganic mercury into the bioaccumulative form, methylmercury (MeHg), which may accumulate in downstream aquatic biota, particularly in fish. In recent research, it was suggested that MeHg production and/or accumulation "hot spots" at the upland-peatland interface were the result of upland fluxes of sulfate and labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into the peatland margin. Along the upland-peatland interface, spatial heterogeneity of "hot spots" was thought to be a result of variations in upland hydrologic interaction with the peatland margin. This hypothesis was tested in this study. Pore water MeHg, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were compared in peatland plots at the base of both topographically concave and linear upland subcatcments in Minnesota. Subcatchment contributing areas were 3-8 times larger in the peatland plots adjacent to areas of concave upland topography. Peat pore water MeHg concentrations were significantly higher in these plots. Fluxes of water, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the upland hillslope into the peatland margin were also generally much larger than those from below areas of concave upland topography. Taken together, these results suggest that watershed geomorphology plays an important role in controlling chemical fluxes into peatland margins and consequently MeHg production and accumulation. It may thus be possible to delineate areas of high MeHg production and/or accumulation in certain watersheds by using high-resolution topographic data. The resulting MeHg "hot spots" may be important for locally foraging biota and for downstream loading, especially in the spring and fall. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Mitchell, CPJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM carl.mitchell@utoronto.ca RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of D. Kyllander and C. Dorrance (USFS) for field assistance at the Marcell Experimental Forest, M. Dalva and Tim Moore (McGill University) for the analysis of dissolved organic carbon samples, and S. Wanigaratne for laboratory assistance at the University of Toronto. We gratefully acknowledge improvements made to this paper by comments from D. Fitzgerald, C. Eckley, and L. Fenton. Comments from C. Driscoll, Water Resour. Res. editors, and two anonymous reviewers enhanced the quality of this paper. Financial support for this project was provided through a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant to B. A. B. and an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship to C.P.J.M. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W02406 DI 10.1029/2008WR006832 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 404VG UT WOS:000263180500001 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Boateng, AA Klasson, KT AF Lima, Isabel M. Boateng, Akwasi A. Klasson, K. Thomas TI Pyrolysis of Broiler Manure: Char and Product Gas Characterization SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ADSORPTION; REMOVAL; WASTE; PLANT AB Value-added materials produced from broiler manure can be a renewable alternative to its problematic disposal. Pyrolysis of broiler manure (litter and cake) produces char, bio-oil, and biogas. In this study broiler manure chars were characterized for their ability to adsorb selected metal ions. Char yields for pelletized broiler manure slowly pyrolyzed at 700 and 800 degrees C for 1h ranged between 29.6% and 33.5%. Surface areas for the broiler litter and cake decreased with pyrolysis temperature with 238 and 318 m(2)/g and 199 and 261 m(2)/g for 700 and 800 degrees C, respectively. Broiler manure chars removed significantly more metal ions from solution (up to 0.91 mmol/g Cu(2+) and 0.96 mmol/g Zn(2+)) when compared to chars produced from coal, wood, or coconut shells (up to 0.0 mmol/g Cu(2+) and 0.10 mmol/g Zn(2+)). Composition of the biogas generated during fast pyrolysis between 700-900 degrees C, as a measurement of its energy potential, was also determined. The major components of the noncondensable gas produced during fast pyrolysis of broiler manure, included CO, CO(2), low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, and H(2). Except for CO, noncondensable gases increased with pyrolysis temperature. C1 [Lima, Isabel M.; Klasson, K. Thomas] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wynelmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM isabel.lima@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 4 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1292 EP 1297 DI 10.1021/ie800989s PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 400TY UT WOS:000262892800032 ER PT J AU Spencer, JL Hibbard, BE Moeser, J Onstad, DW AF Spencer, Joseph L. Hibbard, Bruce E. Moeser, Joachim Onstad, David W. TI Behaviour and ecology of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; crop rotation resistance; maize; mating; movement; nutritional ecology; ovipostion; semiochemicals; Zea mays ID EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; HYDROXAMIC ACID CONTENT; RESISTANT TRANSGENIC CORN; ALTERNATIVE HOST PLANTS; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; SOYBEAN FIELDS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; FEEDING STIMULANTS AB 1 The western corn rootworm (WCR) is a historic pest with a legacy of resistance and behavioural plasticity. Its behaviour and nutritional ecology are important to rootworm management. The success of the most effective and environmentally benign rootworm management method, annual crop rotation, was based on an understanding of rootworm behaviour and host-plant relationships. Enthusiastic adoption of crop rotation, provided excellent rootworm management, but also selected for behavioural resistance to this cultural control. 2 Though well-studied, significant gaps in WCR biology remain. Understanding the topics reviewed here (mating behaviour, nutritional ecology, larval and adult movement, oviposition, alternate host use, and chemical ecology) is a starting point for adapting integrated pest management and insect resistance management (IRM) to an expanding WCR threat. A presentation of significant questions and areas in need of further study follow each topic. 3 The expansion of WCR populations into Europe exposes this pest to new environmental and regulatory conditions that may influence its behaviour and ecology. Reviewing the state of current knowledge provides a starting point of reference for researchers and pest management decision-makers in North America and Europe. 4 The trend toward increasing adoption of transgenic maize will place an increasing premium on understanding WCR behaviour. IRM plans designed to promote sustainable deployment of transgenic hybrids are grounded on assumptions about WCR movement, mating and ovipositional behaviour. Preserving the utility of new and old management options will continue to depend on a thorough understanding of WCR biology, even as the ecological circumstances and geography of WCR problems become more complex. C1 [Spencer, Joseph L.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sect Ecol Entomol, Div Biodivers & Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Moeser, Joachim] Univ Gottingen, Dept Crop Sci, Entomol Sect, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Onstad, David W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Spencer, JL (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sect Ecol Entomol, Div Biodivers & Ecol Entomol, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM spencer1@uiuc.edu RI Spencer, Joseph/B-6876-2012 OI Spencer, Joseph/0000-0003-4757-563X FU European Union [SSPE-CT- 2006-022623] FX This work was funded, in part, by the European Union, as part of the DIABR-ACT project: 'Harmonise the strategies for fighting Diabrotica virgifera virgifera' (SSPE-CT- 2006-022623). NR 190 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00399.x PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 395HN UT WOS:000262515300003 ER PT J AU Meinke, LJ Sappington, TW Onstad, DW Guillemaud, T Miller, NJ Judith, K Nora, L Furlan, L Jozsef, K Ferenc, T AF Meinke, Lance J. Sappington, Thomas W. Onstad, David W. Guillemaud, Thomas Miller, Nicholas J. Judith Komaromi Nora Levay Furlan, Lorenzo Jozsef Kiss Ferenc Toth TI Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) population dynamics SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Development; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; diapause; Europe; invasiveness; maize; North America; population dynamics; seasonality; western corn rootworm; Zea mays ID CHRYSOMELIDAE LARVAL INJURY; INSECT RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; ILLINOIS COMMERCIAL MAIZE; YELLOW STICKY TRAPS; 4 TILLAGE SYSTEMS; TIME-STEP MODEL; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; TRANSGENIC CORN; IOWA CORNFIELDS; CROP-ROTATION AB 1 The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major insect pest of field maize, Zea mays L. Larvae can cause substantial injury by feeding on maize roots. Larval feeding may destroy individual roots or root nodes, and reduce plant growth, stability, and yield. Costs associated with managing corn rootworms in continuous maize are annually one of the largest expenditures for insect management in the United States Corn Belt. 2 Even though D. virgifera virgifera has been studied intensively for over 50 years, there is renewed interest in the biology, ecology, and genetics of this species because of its ability to rapidly adapt to management tactics, and its aggressive invasive nature. 3 This article provides a comprehensive review of D. virgifera virgifera population dynamics, specifically: diapause, larval and adult development, seasonality, spatial and temporal dynamics at local and landscape scales, invasiveness in North America and Europe, and non-trophic interactions with other arthropods. 4 Gaps in current knowledge are identified and discussed especially within the context of challenges that scientists in North America and Europe are currently facing regarding pest dynamics and the need to develop appropriate management strategies for each geographic area. C1 [Meinke, Lance J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sappington, Thomas W.; Miller, Nicholas J.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Onstad, David W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Guillemaud, Thomas] UNSA Sophia Antipolis, Ctr INRA, UMR INRA UNSA ROSE 1112, F-06930 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Judith Komaromi; Nora Levay; Jozsef Kiss; Ferenc Toth] Szent Istvan Univ, Inst Plant Protect, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. [Furlan, Lorenzo] Univ Padua, AGRIPOLIS, Dept Environm Agron & Crop Prod, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. RP Meinke, LJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lmeinke1@unl.edu RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012; OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644; Furlan, Lorenzo/0000-0003-4021-4532 FU European Union [FP6-2004-SSP-4-022623] FX This review arose from discussions during a meeting held in Nice, France in March 2007 and organized by the INRA of Sophia Antipolis. This meeting was funded by the European Union as part of the DIABR-ACT project (FP6-2004-SSP-4-022623). We thank Stephan Vidal, coordinator of the project, for his efforts to facilitate the process. We also thank Tim Nowatzki for sharing his unpublished data with us. NR 237 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00419.x PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 395HN UT WOS:000262515300004 ER PT J AU Miller, NJ Guillemaud, T Giordano, R Siegfried, BD Gray, ME Meinke, LJ Sappington, TW AF Miller, Nicholas J. Guillemaud, Thomas Giordano, Rosanna Siegfried, Blair D. Gray, Michael E. Meinke, Lance J. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Genes, gene flow and adaptation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; evolution; genetics; insecticide resistance; western corn rootworm ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; ILLINOIS COMMERCIAL MAIZE; POPULATION-GENETICS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT; CROP-ROTATION; CHRYSOMELIDAE POPULATIONS; DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES; PARATHION RESISTANCE; SEASONAL OVIPOSITION AB 1 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera has emerged as a major pest of cultivated maize, due to a combination of its high capacity to inflict economic damage, adaptability to pest management techniques and invasiveness. 2 This review presents a survey of the current state of knowledge about the genetics of D. v. virgifera. In addition, the tools and resources currently available to Diabrotica geneticists are identified, as are areas where knowledge is lacking and research should be prioritized. 3 A substantial amount of information has been published concerning the molecular phylogenetic relationships of D. v. virgifera to other chrysomelids. 4 There is a growing literature focused on the population genetics and evolution of the species. Several adaptations to anthropogenic selection pressure have been studied, with resistance to synthetic insecticides providing some particularly well-characterized examples. 5 A notable deficiency is a lack of studies directed toward the formal genetics of D. v. virgifera. C1 [Miller, Nicholas J.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gray, Michael E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Giordano, Rosanna] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Biodivers & Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Siegfried, Blair D.; Meinke, Lance J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Guillemaud, Thomas] Ctr INRA UNSA Sophia Antipolis, UMR INRA UNSA ROSE 1112, F-06930 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Miller, NJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nicholas.miller@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644 FU European Union FX This review arose from discussions during a meeting held in Nice, France in March 2007 that was funded by the European Union as part of the DIABR-ACT project. We are indebted to Susan Ratcliffe, Hugh Robertson, Spencer Johnston and Gene Robinson for sharing their unpublished data with us. NR 126 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00398.x PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 395HN UT WOS:000262515300005 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF Benjamin, JG AF Nielsen, David C. Vigil, Merle F. Benjamin, Joseph G. TI The variable response of dryland corn yield to soil water content at planting SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Corn (Zea mays L.); Soil water; Grain yield ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEM; ROTATION; AVAILABILITY; POPULATION; SIMULATION; SORGHUM; MILLET; CARBON AB Farmers in the central Great Plains want to diversify crop rotations from the traditional monoculture system of winter wheat-fallow. Corn (Zea mays L.) could work well as a rotation crop, but inputs are expensive and farmers would like to know the chances of producing a certain yield before investing in seed, fertilizer, herbicides, etc. information on the yield response of corn to available soil water at planting could help guide the crop choice decision regarding corn. This study was conducted to determine if a predictive relationship exists between dryland corn yield and available soil water at planting time and, if such a relationship exists, to use it to assess the risk in obtaining profitable yields. Yield and soil water data from 10 years of a dryland crop rotation study at Akron, CO were analyzed by linear regression to determine predictive relationships. The yield-soil water content production function was highly variable, with values ranging from 0.0 to 67.3 kg ha(-1) per mm of available soil water in the 0 to 1.8 In soil profile at planting. The differences in yield response to soil water were related to the amount and timing of precipitation that fell during the corn growing season. Because dryland corn yield is highly dependent on precipitation during reproductive and grain-filling stages, soil water content at corn planting cannot be used alone to reliably determine whether corn should be planted in a flexible rotational system. The predictive relationships developed in this study indicate that under typical amounts of available soil water at corn planting, profitable corn production under dryland conditions is a risky and speculative activity in the central Great Plains of the United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nielsen, David C.; Vigil, Merle F.; Benjamin, Joseph G.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.08.011 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 391NO UT WOS:000262240200016 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Shipitalo, MJ AF Owens, Lloyd B. Shipitalo, Martin J. TI Runoff quality evaluations of continuous and rotational over-wintering systems for beef cows SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Vegetative cover; Surface runoff; Sediment loss; Surface N loss ID SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA; NUTRIENT LOSSES; STREAMBANK STABILITY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; GRAZED GRASSLAND; NORTHERN-IRELAND; PASTURE PROGRAM; GRAZING ANIMALS; DRAINAGE WATER AB Over-wintering cattle out of doors can be detrimental to the areas that cattle occupy and cause increased runoff, sediment loss, and nutrient transport. Two systems of over-wintering cattle were evaluated for their environmental impacts over a 12-year period, November 1974-October 1986. In one system, beef cows were moved on 6-7 day intervals among four pastures during the summer growing season (May-October), rotated through bayed areas to eat fall regrowth, and rotated through these areas to feed on the hay made in those areas. In another system, cows were rotated weekly during summer and then fed hay in one winter area during the dormant season (November-April). Vegetative cover in the continuous wintering area frequently decreased to less than 50% by late winter/early spring while it remained at or near 100% in the rotational system. Monthly runoff averages were greater from the continuous wintering system than the rotational wintering system in 9 out of 12 months (annual runoff of 120.4 and 37.5 mm, respectively). Sediment loss was also greater from the continuous system than the rotational wintering system (2.68 and 0.24 Mg ha(-1) annual averages, respectively). Surface runoff losses of N were greater during the dormant season (13.2 and 6.7 kg N ha(-1) annual averages for the continuous and rotational wintering systems, respectively) than the growing season (4.6 and 1.3 kg N ha(-1) annual averages, respectively). Runoff, sediment, and N losses were less with this rotational wintering system than with the continuous occupancy wintering system, but the animal occupancy rate was also much greater in the continuous system compared with the rotational system (1497 and 1860 cow days ha(-1) compared with 528 and 576 cow days ha(-1)). Although a direct comparison cannot be made between these two systems because of differences in vegetation, stocking rate, and fertilization, the rotational wintering system that was evaluated appears to be sustainable. However, more land area per cow was necessary than with the continuous wintering system that was evaluated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Owens, Lloyd B.; Shipitalo, Martin J.] ARS, USDA, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed,POB 488, Coshocton, OH USA. EM Iloyd.owens@ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 129 IS 4 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.003 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 402OE UT WOS:000263022200015 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Belesky, DP AF Feldhake, Charles M. Belesky, D. P. TI Photosynthetically active radiation use efficiency of Dactylis glomerata and Schedonorus phoenix along a hardwood tree-induced light gradient SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cloudiness; Forage; Growth; Shade; Solar angle ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN REGION; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; EMULATED SILVOPASTURE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; LEAF NITROGEN; EASTERN USA; SHADE; INTERCEPTION; CULTIVARS AB Photosynthetically active radiation use efficiency (PARUE) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) was determined. Leaf mass was harvested for canopies at different shade levels when each reached 20 cm height with 5 cm residue for regrowth to simulate grazing. Total incident PAR at each site was summed for the growth period (S-PAR). Values for PARUE were calculated from dried leaf mass divided by S-PAR. The more highly shaded plants reached 20 cm at lower S-PAR. While overall leaf mass decreased linearly with shade induced decreases in S-PAR, PARUE increased exponentially. The coefficients for the equations representing this exponential increase vary for forage species and may represent a useful index for characterizing forage response to silvopastoral systems. C1 [Feldhake, Charles M.; Belesky, D. P.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM charlie.feldhake@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 75 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9175-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 404BZ UT WOS:000263127000007 ER PT J AU Young, MF Glahn, RP Ariza-Nieto, M Inglis, J Olbina, G Westerman, M O'Brien, KO AF Young, Melissa F. Glahn, Raymond P. Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia Inglis, Jeremy Olbina, Gordana Westerman, Mark O'Brien, Kimberly O. TI Serum hepcidin is significantly associated with iron absorption from food and supplemental sources in healthy young women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FLESHED SWEET-POTATO; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; PRO-HEPCIDIN; BODY IRON; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN; INFLAMMATION; ANEMIA AB Background: Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis, but to date no studies have examined the effect of hepcidin on iron absorption in humans. Objective: Our objective was to assess relations between both serum hepcidin and serum prohepcidin with nonheme-iron absorption in the presence and absence of food with the use of dual stable-iron-isotope techniques. Design: The study group included 18 healthy nonpregnant women. Women received in random order a supplemental iron source (7.6 mg FeSO(4) providing 0.9 mg (58)Fe as FeSO(4)) and 6.8 mg 57 Fe ferrous sulfate tracer administered with a nonheme food source [orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP): 1.4 mg native Fe]. Iron absorption was determined by analyzing blood samples taken 14 d after dosing with the use of magnetic sector thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Serum hepcidin was assessed by a new competitive serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for the refolded, mature 25-amino acid form, and serum prohepcidin was assessed by an ELISA specific for amino acids 28-47 of the hepcidin prohormone. Results: In these women, iron absorption averaged 14.71 +/- 10.7% from the supplemental iron compared with 3.63 +/- 6.5% from the OFSP. Absorption of nonheme iron assessed in the presence (P = 0.038) and absence (P = 0.0296) of food was significantly associated with serum hepcidin but was not significantly related to serum prohepcidin. Conclusion: Serum hepcidin, but not prohepcidin, was inversely associated with iron absorption from supplemental and food-based nonheme-iron sources in iron-replete healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 533-8. C1 [Young, Melissa F.; Inglis, Jeremy; O'Brien, Kimberly O.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.; Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia] Agr Res Serv, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Olbina, Gordana; Westerman, Mark] Intrins LifeSci LLC, La Jolla, CA USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, MVR 340, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM koo4@cornell.edu OI Inglis, Jeremy/0000-0002-3868-3041 FU Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences [3995979, 399410] FX Supported by an agreement with Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, under USDA/CSREES 3995979 and 399410. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26589 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 396RL UT WOS:000262608700010 PM 19073788 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2008 Annual Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc ID PLASMA VITAMIN-B-12; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; FOLIC-ACID; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; HIGH PREVALENCE; OLDER-PEOPLE; COBALAMIN; MALABSORPTION; POPULATION; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB In considering the vitamin B-12 fortification of flour, it is important to know who is at risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency and whether those individuals would benefit from flour fortification. This article reviews current knowledge of the prevalence and causes of vitamin B-12 deficiency and considers whether fortification would improve the status of deficient subgroups of the population. In large surveys in the United States and the United Kingdom, approximate to 6% of those aged >= 60 y are vitamin B-12 deficient (plasma vitamin B-12 <148 pmol/L), with the prevalence of deficiency increasing with age. Closer to 20% have marginal status (plasma vitamin B-12: 148-221 pmol/L) in later life. In developing countries, deficiency is much more common, starting in early life and persisting across the life span. Inadequate intake, due to low consumption of animal-source foods, is the main cause of low serum vitamin B-12 in younger adults and likely the main cause in poor populations worldwide; in most studies, serum vitamin B-12 concentration is correlated with intake of this vitamin. In older persons, food-bound cobalamin malabsorption becomes the predominant cause of deficiency, at least in part due to gastric atrophy, but it is likely that most elderly can absorb the vitamin from fortified food. Fortification of flour with vitamin B-12 is likely to improve the status of most persons with low stores of this vitamin. However, intervention studies are still needed to assess efficacy and functional benefits of increasing intake of the amounts likely to be consumed in flour, including in elderly persons with varying degrees of gastric atrophy. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(suppl): 693S-6S. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 693S EP 696S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26947A PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 396RL UT WOS:000262608700036 PM 19116323 ER PT J AU Selhub, J Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH AF Selhub, Jacob Morris, Martha Savaria Jacques, Paul F. Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI Folate-vitamin B-12 interaction in relation to cognitive impairment, anemia, and biochemical indicators of vitamin B-12 deficiency SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2008 Annual Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; UNITED-STATES; COBALAMIN; MACROCYTOSIS; POPULATION; FLOUR AB Previous reports on pernicious anemia treatment suggested that high folic acid intake adversely influences the natural history of vitamin B-12 deficiency, which affects many elderly individuals. However, experimental investigation of this hypothesis is unethical, and the few existing observational data are inconclusive. With the use of data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we evaluated the interaction between high serum folate and low vitamin B-12 status [ie, plasma vitamin B-12, 148 pmol/L or methylmalonic acid (MMA). 210 nmol/L] with respect to anemia and cognitive impairment. With subjects having both plasma folate <= 59 nmol/L and normal vitamin B-12 status as the referent category, odds ratios for the prevalence of anemia compared with normal hemoglobin concentration and impaired compared with unimpaired cognitive function were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.7) and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.9), respectively, for those with low vitamin B-12 status but normal serum folate and 4.9 (95% CI: 2.3, 10.6) and 5.0 (95% CI: 2.7, 9.5), respectively, for those with low vitamin B-12 status and plasma folate > 59 nmol/L. Among subjects with low vitamin B-12 status, mean circulating vitamin B-12 was 228 pmol/L for the normal-folate subgroup and 354 pmol/L for the high-folate subgroup. We subsequently showed increases in circulating homocysteine and MMA concentrations with increasing serum folate among NHANES participants with serum vitamin B-12, 148 pmol/L, whereas the opposite trends occurred among subjects with serum vitamin B-12 >= 148 pmol/L. These interactions, which were not seen in NHANES III before fortification, imply that, in vitamin B-12 deficiency, high folate status is associated with impaired activity of the 2 vitamin B-12-dependent enzymes, methionine synthase and MMA-coenzyme A mutase. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(suppl): 702S-6S. C1 [Selhub, Jacob; Morris, Martha Savaria; Jacques, Paul F.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,8th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jacob.selhub@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R03 AG021536-01] NR 39 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 702S EP 706S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26947C PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 396RL UT WOS:000262608700038 PM 19141696 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Laslett, LJ AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Laslett, Lawrence J. TI Selenium supplementation does not improve vascular responsiveness in healthy North American men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brachial artery; nutrition; endothelium ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE DEFICIENCY; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; SERUM SELENIUM; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-E AB Hawkes WC, Laslett LJ. Selenium supplementation does not improve vascular responsiveness in healthy North American men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H256-H262, 2009. First published November 26, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00935.2008.-Selenium is an essential trace nutrient required for the synthesis of selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, the major forms of selenium in the endothelium that have important functions relevant to inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Selenium deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death in animals, and a low selenium status is associated with cardiovascular disease in humans. Endothelial dysfunction, measured as the impaired flow-mediated vasorelaxation of the brachial artery, is a reliable indicator of future cardiovascular disease risk in healthy individuals. To test whether selenium supplementation affects endothelial function, we conducted a randomized, placebocontrolled trial in healthy men who were administered 300 mu g of selenium a day as high-selenium yeast for 48 wk. Brachial artery responsiveness to transient occlusion was assessed at baseline and after 24 and 48 wk of supplementation. The supplementation increased the selenium concentration by more than half in blood plasma and erythrocytes. However, there was no effect of selenium on arterial diameter or blood flow rate before or after transient occlusion or on the maximum dilated diameter after the administration of nitroglycerin. This study indicates that selenium supplementation is not likely to improve endothelial function or peripheral arterial responsiveness in healthy North American men receiving adequate selenium from their diets. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, ARS, USDA,Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Laslett, Lawrence J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, ARS, USDA,Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [5306-51530009-00D] FX This research was supported by the USDA CRIS Project No. 5306-51530009-00D. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 EI 1522-1539 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 296 IS 2 BP H256 EP H262 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00935.2008 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 399DK UT WOS:000262780400003 PM 19036851 ER PT J AU Brown, C Mojtahedi, H Crosslin, J James, S Charlton, B Novy, R Love, S Vales, M Hamm, P AF Brown, C. R. Mojtahedi, H. Crosslin, J. M. James, S. Charlton, B. Novy, R. G. Love, S. L. Vales, M. I. Hamm, P. TI Characterization of Resistance to Corky Ringspot Disease in Potato: A Case for Resistance to Infection by Tobacco Rattle Virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Breeding; Virus resistance; Spraing; Latent infection; Stubby root nematode; Paratrichodorus; Solanum; Germplasm ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CULTIVARS; TUBERS; FLORIDA AB Corky ringspot disease (spraing) is incited by the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) transmitted by stubby root nematode (Paratrichodorus spp.). The resulting damage consists of internal and skin surface necrotic blemishes which render the tubers unmarketable. Resistance to the disease has been extensively documented in breeding programs. High levels of resistance are known for a number of varieties and breeding lines. Because tubers that are symptomless but virus infected have been documented, the nature of resistance is a point of debate. In two field locations where a total of 1,259 tubers of resistant breeding lines were RT-PCR tested, 5.6 and 2.0% of symptomless tubers gave positive PCR tests in the different fields. Nearly all of these were from three clones that would have been classified as susceptible by symptoms in later testing. Taken as a whole 58% of the symptomatic tubers gave positive PCR tests. Standard commercial susceptible cultivars showed 34% symptomless tubers with positive PCR results. We have shown here that tubers of most resistant lines are not positive for the virus when asymptomatic tubers are tested by RT-PCR, while symptomatic tubers are mostly positive. Within selected resistant materials, clones with the highest level of asymptomatic positives also showed susceptible responses as assessed by visual ranking in later tests. Although RT-PCR fails to amplify from symptomatic tubers in some cases, the results of this study suggest that most resistant breeding lines do not test positive as latent carriers of the virus. Therefore, lack of symptoms appears to be an expression of resistance to infection by TRV. C1 [Brown, C. R.; Mojtahedi, H.; Crosslin, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA USA. [Novy, R. G.] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID USA. [James, S.] Oregon State Univ, COES, Madras, OR USA. [Charlton, B.] Oregon State Univ, KES, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Vales, M. I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Love, S. L.] Univ Idaho, AREC, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Hamm, P.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR USA. RP Brown, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 86 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9061-z PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 403FX UT WOS:000263069600006 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Hagerty, A Emmert, S Munyaneza, J AF Pantoja, Alberto Hagerty, Aaron M. Emmert, Susan Y. Munyaneza, Joseph E. TI Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Associated with Potatoes in Alaska: Species Composition, Seasonal Abundance, and Potential Phytoplasma Vectors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cicadellidae; Phytoplasma vectors; Potato; Leafhoppers; Agriculture; Population dynamics; Alaska ID PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; BEET LEAFHOPPER; COLUMBIA BASIN; ASTER YELLOWS; WASHINGTON; DISEASES; HEMIPTERA; MANAGEMENT; COLOMBIA; OREGON AB Leafhopper transmitted phytoplasma diseases are an emerging problem for potato and vegetable producers in the conterminous US. Due to its geographical isolation and climatic constraints, Alaska is considered relatively free of diseases and insect pests; therefore growers in the state are exploring the potential of producing seed potato for export. However, the biology of agricultural insect pests in the circumpolar region is lacking or poorly understood. Research conducted from 2004 to 2006 in the main potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production areas of Alaska resulted in the identification of 41 leafhopper species associated with agricultural settings. Twenty species were identified from sweep net samples and adhesive cards in association with potato. Two species, Davisonia snowi (Dorst) and Macrosteles fascifrons (StAyenl), made up approximately 60% of the total number of individuals collected, representing 34 and 26%, respectively. Both species, M. fascifrons and D. snowi generally arrived in fields by late May to early June and numbers peaked by late June to July, but in all years M. fascifrons populations peaked earlier than D. snowi. Twenty-three percent of the specimens were immature or could not be identified. Three of the species collected [Balclutha punctata (Fabricius), M. fascifrons, and Scaphytopius acutus (Say)] are known vectors of phytoplasmas of potatoes and other agricultural crops or have the potential to cause mechanical damage to potatoes. This report represents the first extensive study of cicadellids from potatoes in Alaska. C1 [Pantoja, Alberto; Hagerty, Aaron M.; Emmert, Susan Y.] ARS, USDA, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Munyaneza, Joseph E.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subarct Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffap2@uaf.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 86 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9063-x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 403FX UT WOS:000263069600008 ER PT J AU Horrocks, SM Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Horrocks, S. M. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI incidence and ecology of Campylobacter jejuni and coli in animals SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Review DE Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacteriosis; Foodborne pathogen; Food safety ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; FETUS SUBSP FETUS; BROILER-CHICKENS; IN-VITRO; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; BEEF-CATTLE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SELECT NITROCOMPOUNDS AB Since its initial emergence in the 1970s, Campylobacter has become one of the most common causative agents of bacterial foodborne illness. Campylobacter species readily colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of domestic, feral and wild animals and while they rarely cause clinical disease in food animals, they can produce severe acute gastroenteritis in humans. Prevalence of Campylobacter in food animals can exceed 80% thus challenging processors to employ post-harvest pathogen reduction strategies. Reduction of pathogens before arrival to the abattoir is also of interest because the implementation of pre-harvest interventions may compliment existing post-harvest control techniques to further diminish possible retail sources of infection. Such multiple hurdle approaches that simultaneously utilize pre- and post-harvest control techniques are expected to be the most effective approach for decreasing human illness associated with foodborne pathogens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Horrocks, S. M.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ricke, S. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, IFSE, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 148 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD FEB-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.09.001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 430II UT WOS:000264982400003 PM 18849005 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD Callaway, TR Chalova, VI McReynolds, JL Hume, ME Dunkley, CS Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, K. D. Callaway, T. R. Chalova, V. I. McReynolds, J. L. Hume, M. E. Dunkley, C. S. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Foodborne Salmonella ecology in the avian gastrointestinal tract SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Review DE Salmonella; Avian gastrointestinal tract; Ecology; Pathogenesis ID ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; FED ALFALFA CRUMBLES; COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS; HEP-2 CELL ASSOCIATION; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; SIGMA-FACTOR SIGMA(S); WHITE LEGHORN HENS; FED-BATCH CULTURE AB Foodborne Salmonella continues to be a major cause of salmonellosis with Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium considered to be responsible for most of the infections. Investigation of outbreaks and sporadic cases has indicated that food vehicles such as poultry and poultry by-products including raw and uncooked eggs are among the most common sources of Salmonella infections. The dissemination and infection of the avian intestinal tract remain somewhat unclear. In vitro incubation of Salmonella with mammalian tissue culture cells has shown that invasion into epithelial cells is complex and involves several genetic loci and host factors. Several genes are required for the intestinal phase of Salmonella invasion and are located on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI 1). Salmonella pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the effects of environmental stimuli on gene expression influence bacterial colonization and invasion. Furthermore, significant parameters of Salmonella including growth physiology, nutrient availability, pH, and energy status are considered contributing factors in the GI tract ecology. Approaches for limiting Salmonella colonization have been primarily based on the microbial ecology of the intestinal tract. In vitro studies have shown that the toxic effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) to some Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella, have resulted in a reduction in population. In addition, it has been established that native intestinal microorganisms such as Lactobacilli provide protective mechanisms against Salmonella in the ceca. A clear understanding of the key factors involved in Salmonella colonization in the avian GI tract has the potential to lead to better approach for more effective control of this foodborne pathogen. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunkley, K. D.; Chalova, V. I.; Dunkley, C. S.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Callaway, T. R.; McReynolds, J. L.; Hume, M. E.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, IFSE, Dept Poultry Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu FU USDA-NRI [2001-02675, 2002-02614]; US Poultry and Egg Association [485]; Texas Agricultural Experimental Station [H8311]; USDA Food Safety Consortium; University of Arkansas FX This review was supported with funds from USDA-NRI Grants #2001-02675 and #2002-02614, US Poultry and Egg Association Grant 485, Hatch Grant H8311 administered by Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, and an USDA Food Safety Consortium Grant, University of Arkansas. NR 222 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD FEB-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.05.007 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 430II UT WOS:000264982400004 PM 18577459 ER PT J AU Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG St Clair, JB AF Gerson, Elizabeth A. Kelsey, Rick G. St Clair, J. Bradley TI Genetic variation of piperidine alkaloids in Pinus ponderosa: a common garden study SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SPRUCE PICEA; LUPINUS-ARGENTEUS; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; OREGON; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; HYPOTHESES; HERBIVORES AB Previous measurements of conifer alkaloids have revealed significant variation attributable to many sources, environmental and genetic. The present study takes a complementary and intensive, common garden approach to examine genetic variation in Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa alkaloid production. Additionally, this study investigates the potential trade-off between seedling growth and alkaloid production, and associations between topographic/climatic variables and alkaloid production. Piperidine alkaloids were quantified in foliage of 501 nursery seedlings grown from seed sources in west-central Washington, Oregon and California, roughly covering the western half of the native range of ponderosa pine. A nested mixed model was used to test differences among broad-scale regions and among families within regions. Alkaloid concentrations were regressed on seedling growth measurements to test metabolite allocation theory. Likewise, climate characteristics at the seed sources were also considered as explanatory variables. Quantitative variation from seedling to seedling was high, and regional variation exceeded variation among families. Regions along the western margin of the species range exhibited the highest alkaloid concentrations, while those further east had relatively low alkaloid levels. Qualitative variation in alkaloid profiles was low. All measures of seedling growth related negatively to alkaloid concentrations on a natural log scale; however, coefficients of determination were low. At best, annual height increment explained 19.4 % of the variation in ln(total alkaloids). Among the climate variables, temperature range showed a negative, linear association that explained 41.8 % of the variation. Given the wide geographic scope of the seed sources and the uniformity of resources in the seedlings' environment, observed differences in alkaloid concentrations are evidence for genetic regulation of alkaloid secondary metabolism in ponderosa pine. The theoretical trade-off with seedling growth appeared to be real, however slight. The climate variables provided little evidence for adaptive alkaloid variation, especially within regions. C1 [Gerson, Elizabeth A.; Kelsey, Rick G.; St Clair, J. Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rkelsey@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1093/aob/mcn228 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398FK UT WOS:000262717800006 PM 19010800 ER PT J AU Welch, TJ Evenhuis, J White, DG McDermott, PF Harbottle, H Miller, RA Griffin, M Wise, D AF Welch, Timothy J. Evenhuis, Jason White, David G. McDermott, Patrick F. Harbottle, Heather Miller, Ron A. Griffin, Matt Wise, David TI IncA/C Plasmid-Mediated Florfenicol Resistance in the Catfish Pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter ID SALMONICIDA SUBSP-SALMONICIDA; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANIMALS C1 [Welch, Timothy J.; Evenhuis, Jason] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [White, David G.; McDermott, Patrick F.; Harbottle, Heather; Miller, Ron A.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Griffin, Matt; Wise, David] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Welch, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim.welch@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 845 EP 846 DI 10.1128/AAC.01312-08 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 397EY UT WOS:000262646500076 PM 19029319 ER PT J AU D'Anci, KE Watts, KL Kanarek, RB Taylor, HA AF D'Anci, Kristen E. Watts, Kara L. Kanarek, Robin B. Taylor, Holly A. TI Low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets. Effects on cognition and mood SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Diet; Low-carbohydrate diet; Cognition; Macronutrients; Hunger; Mood; Attention; Vigilance; Memory; Carbohydrate; Glucose; Glycogen ID WORKING-MEMORY; KETOGENIC DIET; MEAL COMPOSITION; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; PREOCCUPYING COGNITIONS; CONFECTIONERY SNACK; ENERGY-INTAKE; PERFORMANCE; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIA AB To examine how a low-carbohydrate diet affects cognitive performance, women participated in one of two weight-loss diet regimens. Participants self-selected a low-carbohydrate (n = 9) or a reduced-calorie balanced diet similar to that recommended by the American Dietetic Association (ADA diet) (n = 10). Seventy-two hours before beginning their diets and then 48 h, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after starting, participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks assessing visuospatial memory, vigilance attention, memory span, a food-related paired-associates a food Stroop, and the Profile of Moods Scale (POMS) to assess subjective mood. Results showed that during complete withdrawal of dietary carbohydrate, low-carbohydrate dieters performed worse on memory-based tasks than ADA dieters. These impairments were ameliorated after reintroduction of carbohydrates. Low-carbohydrate dieters reported less confusion (POMS) and responded faster during an attention vigilance task (CPT) than ADA dieters. Hunger ratings did not differ between the two diet conditions. The present data show memory impairments during low-carbohydrate diets at a point when available glycogen stores would be at their lowest. A commonly held explanation based on preoccupation with food would not account for these findings. The results also suggest better vigilance attention and reduced self-reported confusion while on the low-carbohydrate diet, although not tied to a specific time point during the diet. Taken together the results suggest that weight-loss diet regimens differentially impact cognitive behavior. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [D'Anci, Kristen E.; Watts, Kara L.; Kanarek, Robin B.; Taylor, Holly A.] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Medford, MA 02148 USA. [D'Anci, Kristen E.] Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Taylor, HA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Medford, MA 02148 USA. EM holly.taylor@tufts.edu NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD FEB PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2008.08.009 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 395IK UT WOS:000262517600015 PM 18804129 ER PT J AU Eaton, RW Sandusky, P AF Eaton, Richard W. Sandusky, Peter TI Biotransformations of 2-Methylisoborneol by Camphor-Degrading Bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION; GEOSMIN; DEGRADATION AB Many camphor-degrading bacteria that are able to transform 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) have been identified. Three of these strains have been examined in detail. Rhodococcus ruber T1 metabolizes camphor through 6-hydroxycamphor but converts 2-MIB to 3-hydroxy-2-MIB. Pseudomonas putida G1, which metabolizes camphor through 5-hydroxycamphor, converts MIB primarily to 6-hydroxy-2-MIB. Rhodococcus wratislaviensis DLC-cam converts 2-MIB through 5-hydroxy-2-MIB to 5-keto-2-MIB. Together, these three strains produce metabolites resulting from hydroxylation at all of the three available secondary carbons on the six-member ring of 2-MIB. C1 [Eaton, Richard W.] ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Sandusky, Peter] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Eaton, RW (reprint author), ARS, SRRC, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM richard.eaton@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1128/AEM.02126-08 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 397VK UT WOS:000262690100004 PM 19060161 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Leathers, TD AF Cote, Gregory L. Leathers, Timothy D. TI Insoluble glucans from planktonic and biofilm cultures of mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofilms; Glucans; Polysaccharide; Leuconostoc; Mutan; Dextran ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRAIN; DEXTRANS AB Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 produces the soluble exopolysaccharides alternan and dextran in planktonic cultures. Mutants of this strain are available that are deficient in the production of alternan, dextran, or both. Our recent work demonstrated that biofilms from mutant strains contained insoluble polysaccharides. We now find that the insoluble polysaccharides are composed of d-glucose polymers with contiguous sequences of alpha(1 -> 3) and alpha(1 -> 6) linkages. In addition, planktonic cultures of the wild type also produce this insoluble mixture in association with the cell mass. This material is similar to the insoluble glucan matrix known as mutan formed by cariogenic strains of streptococci. The production of insoluble mutan-like glucans may be more widespread among Leuconostoc spp. than previously recognized. C1 [Cote, Gregory L.; Leathers, Timothy D.] USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM greg.cote@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 82 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1767-9 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 396IZ UT WOS:000262586700016 PM 19011853 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT AF Gaylord, T. Gibson Barrows, Frederic T. TI Multiple amino acid supplementations to reduce dietary protein in plant-based rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, feeds SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Nutrition; Amino acid; Protein; Plant-based feeds ID LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; IDEAL PROTEIN; GROWING-PIGS; PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENTS; PATTERN; PLASMA; LEVEL; MEAL AB Reducing dietary protein in trout feeds will reduce production costs if growth performance can be maintained. A study was conducted to determine if balancing plant-based diets oil all available amino acid basis to the profile Of trout muscle would result in equal performance with a reduction in total protein level. The diets were formulated to contain either 45 or 35% intact crude protein (45CP and 35CP diets, respectively). To these basal diets, lysine. methionine, threonine and glycine were Supplemented to be equivalent to 450 g/kg protein from rainbow trout muscle (45AA and 35AA, respectively) oil all available amino acid basis. A fifth diet was formulated to contain 35% crude protein from plant proteins and Supplemented as for the 35AA diet but only with lysine, methionine and threonine (35AA-Gly), The diets were fed to apparent satiation to triplicate ranks of 25, 20 g rainbow trout for a period of 12-weeks. Amino acid supplementation improved weight gain by 11% in the 45AA diet over the 45CP diet and by 11.6 and 15% in the 35AA and 35AA-Gly diets relative to the 35CP diet. Feed conversion ratio was poorest for the 35CP diet compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiencies were improved in the 35AA and 35AA-Gly dietary treatments compared to the 45CP treatment. Intraperitoneal fat ratio decreased with amino acid Supplementation at both crude protein levels. Muscle ratio increased by 10% when amino acids were Supplemented to the 45CP diet and by an average of 13.6% when amino acids were supplemented to the 35CP diet. Amino acid Supplementation reduced the retention efficiency of lysine with no affects on methionine and threonine. Retention efficiencies of isoleucine and leucine were increased by amino acid supplementation at both basal protein levels. Glycine Supplementation had no beneficial effects on fish performance. In conclusion, dietary Crude protein content of plant-based diets for rainbow trout call be reduced from 46 to 41.5% by supplementing lysine, methionine, and threonine with no reduction in growth and an improvement in protein retention efficiency and muscle ratio. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gaylord, T. Gibson; Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, SGPGRU, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn,PWA, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Gaylord, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SGPGRU, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn,PWA, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM Gibson.Gaylord@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/AgricultUral Research Service Project Numbers [5366-21310-002-00D] FX We wish to thank ARS technicians April M. Teague and Lorrie Van Tassel, ARS SCEP student, G. Scott Snyder, and University of Idaho personnel Mike Casten and Lucas Porter for their assistance with this study. This Study was funded by the USDA/AgricultUral Research Service Project Numbers 5366-21310-002-00D. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 287 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.037 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 402OY UT WOS:000263024200026 ER PT J AU An, SH Wang, SJ Stanley, D Song, QS AF An, Shiheng Wang, Songjie Stanley, David Song, Qisheng TI IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL BURSICON-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR, md13379, IN THE HOUSE FLY Musca domestica SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE recombinant bursicon; Sgf11; real-time PCR; functional analysis; cuticle sclerotization ID CUTICLE-HARDENING HORMONE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; IMAGINAL ECDYSIS; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; BLOWFLIES; GENES AB Bursicon is a neuropeplide that regulates cuticle sclerotization (hardening and tanning) and wing expansion in insects via a G-protein coupled receptor. The hormone consists of alpha and beta subunits. In the presents study, we cloned bursicon alpha and beta genes in the house fly Musca domestica using 3' and 5' RACE and expressed the recombinant bursicon (rbursicon) heterodimer in mammalian 293 cells and insect Highfive(TM) cells. The rbursicon displayed a strong bursicon activity in the neck-ligated house fly assay. Using rbursicon, we identified and cloned a novel bursicon-regulated gene in M. domestica encoding a transcriptional regulator homologous to ataxin-7-like3 in human, CG13379 in Drosophila and sgf11 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We named the gene md13379. Both ataxin-7-like3 and sgf11 are a novel subunit of the SAGA (Spt-ADA-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase) complex that is involved in regulation of gene transcription. Real-time PCR analysis of temporal response profile revealed that the level of md13379 transcript was upregulated by 6.6 fold 1 h after rbursicon. injection, which correlates well with, the cuticle sclerotization. process observed in the rbursicon-injected. The composite data suggest that md13379 plays a role in. regulating the expression, of genes involved in the cuticle sclerotization process. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [An, Shiheng; Wang, Songjie; Song, Qisheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Song, QS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM songq@missouri.edu FU NSF [0446036] FX This research was supported by grant from NSF (0446036). This article reports the results of research only and mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by the USDA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 70 IS 2 BP 106 EP 121 DI 10.1002/arch.20283 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 397SU UT WOS:000262683200003 PM 18980233 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC French, R AF Stenger, Drake C. French, Roy TI Wheat streak mosaic virus genotypes introduced to Argentina are closely related to isolates from the American Pacific Northwest and Australia SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; SEED TRANSMISSION; ACERIA-TOSICHELLA; TRITIMOVIRUS; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; LINEAGES; SEQUENCE; DYNAMICS AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) was first detected in Argentina in 2002. Comparison of 78 WSMV coat protein sequences revealed that three Argentine isolates were closely related to isolates from the American Pacific Northwest (APNW) and Australia. Complete sequences were determined for one Argentine isolate, four APNW isolates, and three additional isolates from other regions of the USA. Comparison of these eight new sequences with five previously sequenced isolates of WSMV confirmed close affinity of WSMV from Argentina with APNW isolates. Collectively, these results indicate concurrent establishment of the same WSMV lineage in both Argentina and Australia. C1 [Stenger, Drake C.; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Rd, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 154 IS 2 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0297-1 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 407GR UT WOS:000263352100017 PM 19132286 ER PT J AU Hughes, NM Johnson, DM Akhalkatsi, M Abdaladze, O AF Hughes, Nicole M. Johnson, Daniel M. Akhalkatsi, Maia Abdaladze, Otar TI Characterizing Betula litwinowii Seeding Microsites at the Alpine-Treeline Ecotone, Central Greater Caucasus Mountains, Georgia SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Sediment Budgets in Cold Environments Workshop CY SEP 15-19, 2007 CL Abisko, SWEDEN ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOTOINHIBITION; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA; PICEA-ENGELMANNII; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; REGENERATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; LINE AB Seedling establishment is an important factor dictating the altitudinal limits of treeline species. Factors which affect seedling mortality and survival, however, have yet to be fully characterized, especially for deciduous treeline species. Here we describe microsite characteristics of successfully established Betula litwinowii seedlings at the alpine-treeline ecotone. Possible harmful effects of sky exposure on seedling physiology (i.e. photoinhibition of photosynthesis) were also examined, as well as possible facilitative effects of co-occurring Rhododendron caucasicum shrubs on northern slopes and microtopographical depressions (mainly watercourses) in ridgetop meadows. On northern slopes, seedling density was highest in newly exposed soils, with 90% of the youngest seedlings (<2 cm) occurring in patches of rocky, bare, or moss-covered soils within the Rhododendron thicket. R. caucasicum was not a significant source of shade for B. litwinowii, as most seedlings were established 0.25-0.5 m away from the nearest shrub, and shade cover generated by R. caucasicum was observed in only 1% of seedlings at midday. On ridgetops, density of B. litwinowii was sixfold higher inside microtopographical depressions compared to Outside. Sky exposure of seedlings within depressions was similar to northern slopes, ranging from 50% to 87%. Across all microsites, seedlings were most abundant under 70-87% sky exposure. This preference for open microsites, combined with the observation that sustained photoinhibition of photosynthesis (F(v)/F(m) < 0.65) was observed only in the most open microsites (i.e. >80% sky exposure), suggests that sky exposure is likely not a significant factor affecting seedling mortality in B. litwinowii, in contrast to results reported for conifer and broadleaf evergreen species at treeline. A higher photosynthetic capacity and it deciduous life history may provide both tolerance and avoidance to the physiological stresses associated with high sky exposure for B. litwinowii seedlings, and other factors, Such as soil moisture, more likely account for Successful establishment within microtopographical depressions and R. caucasicum thickets. C1 [Hughes, Nicole M.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Reynolda Stn, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Johnson, Daniel M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Akhalkatsi, Maia; Abdaladze, Otar] Ilia Chavchavadze State Univ, Fac Life Sci, GE-0105 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Akhalkatsi, Maia; Abdaladze, Otar] Ilia Chavchavadze State Univ, Tbilisi Bot Garden, GE-0105 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Akhalkatsi, Maia; Abdaladze, Otar] Ilia Chavchavadze State Univ, Inst Bot, GE-0105 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Hughes, NM (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Reynolda Stn, POB 7325, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM hughnm5@wfu.edu; danieljohnson@fs.fed.us; orchisge@yahoo.com; otarabdaladze@yahoo.com RI Akhalkatsi, Maia/B-2187-2008; Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011 OI Akhalkatsi, Maia/0000-0002-9770-7840; Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1657/1938-4246(08-021)[HUGHES]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 406RQ UT WOS:000263313000012 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Wyckhuys, KAG Desneux, N AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Wyckhuys, Kris A. G. Desneux, Nicolas TI Population responses by Orius insidiosus to vegetational diversity SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; Biological control; Conservation; Habitat diversity; Orius insidiosus; Weed ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HEMIPTERA; OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION; APHIS-GLYCINES MATSUMURA; INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; NATURAL ENEMIES; BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS; SOYBEAN APHID; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; ILLINOIS CORNFIELD AB The abundance of different life stages of Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and its prey were recorded in vegetationally diverse (soybean and agronomic weeds) and monoculture (soybean only) fields. Orius insidiosus adults and nymphs were more abundant in diversified plots than in monocultures. A similar number of O. insidiosus eggs were found in the two treatments, but twice as many eggs were laid on non-crop plants than on soybeans within the vegetationally diverse plots. Prey densities were equivalent in the two treatments. In olfactometer assays, na < ve O. insidiosus females were unresponsive to odors from three weed species (morning glory, redroot pigweed and velvetleaf). The current results, coupled with previous experimental observations, lead us to believe that higher abundance of O. insidiosus in vegetationally diverse habitats could be related to improved fitness of the predator, which in turn is related to certain plant qualities (e.g., nutrition, plant architecture, etc.). Proximal cues are likely more influential to oviposition decisions by O. insidiosus females than volatile signals. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.] Univ Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Hort Res Ctr, Colombes, France. [Desneux, Nicolas] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov RI Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013 NR 56 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s10526-008-9165-x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 389VQ UT WOS:000262123000015 ER PT J AU Joung, JG Fei, ZJ AF Joung, Je-Gun Fei, Zhangjun TI Identification of microRNA regulatory modules in Arabidopsis via a probabilistic graphical model SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PLANT MICRORNAS; TARGET GENES; TRANSLATIONAL INHIBITION; THALIANA; PREDICTION; ELEMENTS; MIRNAS; INFORMATION AB Motivation: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in gene regulation and are regarded as key components in gene regulatory pathways. Systematically understanding functional roles of miRNAs is essential to de. ne core transcriptional units regulating key biological processes. Here, we propose a method based on the probabilistic graphical model to identify the regulatory modules of miRNAs and the core regulatory motifs involved in their ability to regulate gene expression. Results: We applied our method to datasets of different sources from Arabidopsis consisting of miRNA-target pair information, upstream sequences of miRNAs, transcriptional regulatory motifs and gene expression profiles. The graphical model used in this study can efficiently capture the relationship between miRNAs and diverse conditions such as various developmental processes, thus allowing us to detect functionally correlated miRNA regulatory modules involved in specific biological processes. Furthermore, this approach can reveal core transcriptional elements associated with their miRNAs. The proposed method found clusters of miRNAs, as well as putative regulators controlling the expression of miRNAs, which were highly related to diverse developmental processes of Arabidopsis. Consequently, our method can provide hypothetical miRNA regulatory circuits for functional testing that represent transcriptional events of miRNAs and transcriptional factors involved in gene regulatory pathways. C1 [Joung, Je-Gun; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zf25@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0501778] FX Funding: National Science Foundation (DBI-0501778 to Z.F.). NR 53 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn626 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 401RL UT WOS:000262959500015 PM 19056778 ER PT J AU Ramirez, RA Henderson, DR Riga, E Lacey, LA Snyder, WE AF Ramirez, Ricardo A., II Henderson, Donna R. Riga, Ekaterini Lacey, Lawrence A. Snyder, William E. TI Harmful effects of mustard bio-fumigants on entomopathogenic nematodes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Green manure; Bio-fumigant; Galleria mellonella; Colorado potato beetle; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Brassica juncea; Entomopathogen; Heterorhabditis Potato; Steinernema ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; COLUMBIA BASIN; GREEN MANURE; 1ST REPORT; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SUPPRESSION; COLEOPTERA; STEINERNEMATIDAE AB Mustard (Brassica and Sinapis spp.) green manures tilled into the soil preceding potato crops act as bio-fumigants that are toxic to plant-parasitic nematodes, providing an alternative to synthetic soil fumigants. However, it is not known whether mustard green manures also kill beneficial entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) that contribute to the control of pest insects. We used sentinel insect prey (Galleria mellonella larvae) to measure EPN infectivity in Washington State (USA) potato fields that did or did not utilize mustard green manures. We found a trend toward lower rates of EPN infection in fields, where mustard green manures were applied, compared to those not receiving this cultural control method. In a series of bioassays we then tested whether the application of two mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars, differing in glucosinolate levels, disrupted the abilities of a diverse group of EPN species to infect insect hosts. Mustard-exposure trials were conducted first in laboratory arenas where EPNs were exposed to mustard extracts suspended in water, and then in larger microcosms in the greenhouse where EPNs were exposed to green manure grown, chopped, and incorporated into field soil. In all trials we used G. mellonella larvae as hosts and included multiple EPN species in the genera Steinernema (Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri, and Steinernema riobrave) and Heterorhabditis (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis marelatus, and Heterorhabditis megidis). In the laboratory, EPN infection rates were lower in arenas receiving mustard extracts than the control (water), and lower still when EPNs were exposed to extracts from plants with high versus low glucosinolate levels. Results were nearly identical when mustard foliage was soil-incorporated into greenhouse microcosms, except that the negative effects of mustards on EPNs developed more slowly in soil. Significantly, in arenas of both types one EPN species, S. feltiae, appeared to be relatively unaffected by mustard exposure. Together, our results suggest that the use of mustard bio-fumigants for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes has the potential to interfere with the biocontrol of insect pests using EPNs. Thus, it may be difficult to combine these two approaches in integrated pest management programs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramirez, Ricardo A., II; Snyder, William E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Henderson, Donna R.; Riga, Ekaterini] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Riga, Ekaterini] Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Lacey, Lawrence A.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Ramirez, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, 166 FSHN,POB 646382, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ricarrami@wsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture's Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program [2004-113]; College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Centre [0485]; Department of Plant Pathology and IAREC WSU-Prosser [WNP00542]; Washington State University, Pullman, Washington [99164-6430] FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture's Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program (Grant No. 2004-113). E. Riga is supported by the College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Centre, PPNS No. 0485, Department of Plant Pathology and IAREC WSU-Prosser, Project No. WNP00542, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.10.010 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 399SI UT WOS:000262819200007 ER PT J AU Arora, A Dien, B Belyea, R Wang, P Singh, V Tumbleson, M Rausch, K AF Arora, Amit Dien, Bruce S. Belyea, Ronald L. Wang, Ping Singh, Vijay Tumbleson, M. E. Rausch, Kent D. TI Thin stillage fractionation using ultrafiltration: resistance in series model SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Thin stillage; Flux; Resistance; Fouling; Ultrafiltration ID PERMEATE FLUX; BATCH CELL; JUICE; MEMBRANES; SEPARATION; PRESSURE; DECLINE; FLOW AB The corn based dry grind process is the most widely used method in the US for fuel ethanol production. Fermentation of corn to ethanol produces whole stillage after ethanol is removed by distillation. It is centrifuged to separate thin stillage from wet grains. Thin stillage contains 5-10% solids. To concentrate solids of thin stillage, it requires evaporation of large amounts of water and maintenance of evaporators. Evaporator maintenance requires excess evaporator capacity at the facility, increasing capital expenses, requiring plant slowdowns or shut downs and results in revenue losses. Membrane filtration is one method that could lead to improved value of thin stillage and may offer an alternative to evaporation. Fractionation of thin stillage using ultrafiltration was conducted to evaluate membranes as an alternative to evaporators in the ethanol industry. Two regenerated cellulose membranes with molecular weight cut offs of 10 and 100 kDa were evaluated. Total solids (suspended and soluble) contents recovered through membrane separation process were similar to those from commercial evaporators. Permeate flux decline of thin stillage using a resistance in series model was determined. Each of the four components of total resistance was evaluated experimentally. Effects of operating variables such as transmembrane pressure and temperature on permeate flux rate and resistances were determined and optimum conditions for maximum flux rates were evaluated. Model equations were developed to evaluate the resistance components that are responsible for fouling and to predict total flux decline with respect to time. Modeling results were in agreement with experimental results (R (2) > 0.98). C1 [Arora, Amit; Wang, Ping; Singh, Vijay; Tumbleson, M. E.; Rausch, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Belyea, Ronald L.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rausch, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arora4@illinois.edu; vsingh@illinois.edu; krausch@illinois.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) [IDA CF07I-012-1-SEN]; National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL; [SCA 58-3620-2-149] FX We thank Larry Pruiett for his technical assistance. The Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) provided partial funding through the External Competitive Grants Program (project IDA CF07I-012-1-SEN). Partially funded through a Specific Cooperative Agreement (SCA 58-3620-2-149) with the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s00449-008-0240-6 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 395XB UT WOS:000262555700008 PM 18594866 ER PT J AU Khare, SK Kumar, A Kuo, TM AF Khare, Sunil K. Kumar, Anand Kuo, Tsung Min TI Lipase-catalyzed production of a bioactive fatty amide derivative of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioactive lipid; Fatty amide; Lipase; Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB); 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; AMMONIOLYSIS; COMPOUND AB Enzymatic syntheses of fatty amides are of considerable interest due to their wide ranging industrial applications in detergents, shampoo, cosmetics and surfactant formulations. Amidation reaction of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was investigated for direct amidation of carboxylic acid in organic solvent. CALB-mediated production of a novel secondary amide was carried out by reacting the hydroxy oleic acid derivative, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), with N-methylethanol amine in organic solvent medium. A single, new product peak corresponding to the secondary amide of DOD (D2AM) was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The production of D2AM was achieved in high yields (95%) after 72 h at 50 degrees C in a CALB-catalyzed reaction that contained 100 IU enzyme activity, 50 mM DOD, and 100 mM N-methylethanol amine in isoamyl alcohol. The new fatty amide D2AM displayed potent antimicrobial activity towards Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumonae). D2AM also exhibited antioxidative activity by its alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging effects. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khare, Sunil K.; Kumar, Anand] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. [Kuo, Tsung Min] ARS, USDA, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Khare, SK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. EM skhare@rocketmail.com FU Department of Biotechnology (Government of India) FX It is with great sadness, I need to share that the senior author of this manuscript Dr. Tsung Min Kuo died Oil June 12th 2008 after battling cancer for the last couple of years. The paper is dedicated to him. S.K.K. gratefully acknowledges a visiting fellowship provided by the Department of Biotechnology (Government of India) and institutional support by Prof. Jack C. Huang, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL and Dr. Cletus P. Kurtzman, NCAUR, Peoria, IL, USA to carry out this work. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1482 EP 1485 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.011 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 381XL UT WOS:000261569100071 PM 18793843 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH El-Mashad, HM Pan, JM Jenkins, BM AF Zheng, Yi Pan, Zhongli Zhang, Ruihong El-Mashad, Hamed M. Pan, Jinming Jenkins, Bryan M. TI Anaerobic digestion of saline creeping wild ryegrass for biogas production and pretreatment of particleboard material SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saline biomass; Creeping wild ryegrass; Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Particleboard ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; STRAW AB The objective of this research was to develop an integrated process to produce biogas and high-quality particleboard using saline creeping wild ryegrass (CWR), Leymus triticoides through anaerobic digestion (AD). Besides producing biogas, AD also serves as a pretreatment method to remove the wax layer of CWR for improving binding capability and then the residue is used to produce high-quality particleboard. CWR was digested for three time periods, 15. 22, and 33 days with the volatile solid (VS) loading of 10 g-VS/L-sludge and the food to microorganism (F/M) ratio of 1.41. The highest biogas yield after digestion for 33 days was 251 mL/g-VS, which is corresponded to energy of 8419 BTU/kg-dry CWR. The highest methane content of biogas was 63%. Compared with particleboards manufactured from Urea formaldehyde (UF) and untreated CWR, the mechanical and long-term (24 h) water resistance properties of particleboards made from UF and 33-day AD CWR residue were statistically significantly improved, except for modulus of elasticity (MOE). For example, the modulus of rupture (MOR) was increased by 39%. The results indicated that the integrated process could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for producing bioenergy and particleboard with agricultural residues. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Yi; Pan, Zhongli; Zhang, Ruihong; Pan, Jinming; Jenkins, Bryan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [El-Mashad, Hamed M.] El Mansoura Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Engn, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. [Pan, Jinming] Zhejiang Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yizheng@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Water Resources [4600002991] FX The authors would like to thank Red Rock Ranch for providing the creeping wild ryegrass for this research. The funding support for this research was partially provided by a research grant from California Department of Water Resources (Grant No. 4600002991). NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1582 EP 1588 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.048 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 386EL UT WOS:000261865000011 PM 18977136 ER PT J AU Dewar, RC Franklin, O Makela, A McMurtrie, RE Valentine, HT AF Dewar, Roderick C. Franklin, Oskar Makela, Annikki McMurtrie, Ross E. Valentine, Harry T. TI Optimal Function Explains Forest Responses to Global Change SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adaptation; global change; modeling; optimization; resource availability ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON GAIN; LEAF-AREA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; FACE EXPERIMENTS; PLANT-GROWTH; MODELS; ALLOCATION AB Plant responses to global changes in carbon dioxide (CO(2)), nitrogen, and water availability are critical to future atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, hydrology; and hence climate. Our understanding of those responses is incomplete, however. Multiple-resource manipulation experiments and empirical observations have revealed a diversity of responses, as well as some consistent patterns. But vegetation models-currently dominated by complex numerical simulation models-have yet to achieve a consensus among their predicted responses, let alone offer a coherent explanation of the observed ones. Here the propose an alternative approach based on relatively simple optimization models (OMs). We highlight the results of three recent forest OMs, which together explain a remarkable range of observed forest responses to altered resource availability. We conclude that OMs now offer a simple yet powerful approach to predicting the responses of forests-and, potentially; other plant types-to global change. We recommend ways in which OMs could be developed further in this direction. C1 [Dewar, Roderick C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Franklin, Oskar] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Makela, Annikki] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [McMurtrie, Ross E.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Valentine, Harry T.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. RP Dewar, RC (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM roderick.dewar@anu.edu.au RI Dewar, Roderick/C-9304-2009; OI Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 FU TERACC [0090238]; Academy of Finland [206307]; Australian Research Council; Australian Department of Climate Change; US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program [DE-FG02-96ER62291] FX We are grateful for financial support from TERACC (NSF grant 0090238), the Academy of Finland (MereGrowth Project, grant 206307), and INRA for modeling workshops in Sydney, 13-17 November 2006, and Biarritz, 27-29 November 2007. R. E. M. and O. F acknowledge support received from the Australian Research Council, the Australian Department of Climate Change, and the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program (grant DE-FG02-96ER62291). We thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 66 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.2.6 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 404ON UT WOS:000263162800010 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Nunnally, MS Cote, GL AF Leathers, Timothy D. Nunnally, Melinda S. Cote, Gregory L. TI Modification of alternan by dextranase SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Alternan; Dextranase; Gum arabic; Modified alternan; Viscosity ID PULLULAN; MUTANTS AB Alternan is a unique glucan with a backbone structure of alternating alpha-(1 -> 6) and alpha-(1 -> 3) linkages. Previously, we isolated strains of Penicillium sp. that modify native, high molecular weight alternan in a novel bioconversion process to a lower molecular weight form with solution viscosity properties similar to those of commercial gum arabic. The mechanism of this modification was unknown. Here, we report that these Penicillium sp. strains secrete dextranase during germination on alternan. Furthermore, alternan is modified in vitro by commercial dextranases, and dextranase-modified alternan appears to be identical to bioconversion-modified alternan. This is surprising, since alternan has long been considered to be resistant to dextranase. Results suggest that native alternan may have localized regions of consecutive alpha-(1 -> 6) linkages that serve as substrates for dextranase. Dextranase treatment of native alternan, particularly with GRAS enzymes, may have practical advantages for the production of modified alternan as a gum arabic substitute. C1 [Leathers, Timothy D.; Nunnally, Melinda S.; Cote, Gregory L.] ARS, USDA, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Tim.Leathers@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 31 IS 2 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10529-008-9866-3 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 389VV UT WOS:000262123500018 PM 18931826 ER PT J AU Gomez, NN Venette, RC Gould, JR Winograd, DF AF Gomez, N. N. Venette, R. C. Gould, J. R. Winograd, D. F. TI A unified degree day model describes survivorship of Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different constant temperatures SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peru; invasion; chronological age; life table; physiological age; senescence ID LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; PEST; APHIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA; FECUNDITY; DECOLORA; TORTRICIDAE; DEMOGRAPHY AB Predictions of survivorship are critical to quantify the probability of establishment by an alien invasive species, but survival curves rarely distinguish between the effects of temperature on development versus senescence. We report chronological and physiological age-based survival curves for a potentially invasive noctuid, recently described as Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons, collected from Peru and reared on asparagus at six constant temperatures between 9.7 and 34.5 degrees C. Copitarsia spp. are not known to occur in the United States but are routinely intercepted at ports of entry. Chronological age survival curves differ significantly among temperatures. Survivorship at early age after hatch is greatest at lower temperatures and declines as temperature increases. Mean longevity was 220 (+/- 13 SEM) days at 9.7 degrees C. Physiological age survival curves constructed with developmental base temperature (7.2 degrees C) did not correspond to those constructed with a senescence base temperature (5.9 degrees C). A single degree day survival curve with an appropriate temperature threshold based on senescence adequately describes survivorship under non-stress temperature conditions (5.9-24.9 degrees C). C1 [Venette, R. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gomez, N. N.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Gould, J. R.; Winograd, D. F.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rvenette@fs.fed.us FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35605-15403] FX The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35605-15403. We thank James Carey, Vincent Jones and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous drafts of this paper and John Stanovick for assistance with statistical analyses. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1017/S0007485308006111 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 416PX UT WOS:000264019100007 PM 19006579 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG Richardson, AD McGuire, KJ Hayhoe, K AF Huntington, Thomas G. Richardson, Andrew D. McGuire, Kevin J. Hayhoe, Katharine TI Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States: recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; RIVER-ICE HYDROLOGY; NEW-ENGLAND; SOIL-MOISTURE; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WARMER WORLD; SUGAR MAPLE AB We review twentieth century and projected twenty-first century changes in climatic and hydrologic conditions in the northeastern United States and the implications of these changes for forest ecosystems. Climate warming and increases in precipitation and associated changes in snow and hydrologic regimes have been observed over the last century, with the most pronounced changes occurring since 1970. Trends in specific climatic and hydrologic variables differ in their responses spatially (e. g., coastal vs. inland) and temporally (e. g., spring vs. summer). Trends can differ depending on the period of record analyzed, hinting at the role of decadal-scale climatic variation that is superimposed over the longer-term trend. Model predictions indicate that continued increases in temperature and precipitation across the northeastern United States can be expected over the next century. Ongoing increases in growing season length (earlier spring and later autumn) will most likely increase evapotranspiration and frequency of drought. In turn, an increase in the frequency of drought will likely increase the risk of fire and negatively impact forest productivity, maple syrup production, and the intensity of autumn foliage coloration. Climate and hydrologic changes could have profound effects on forest structure, composition, and ecological functioning in response to the changes discussed here and as described in related articles in this issue of the Journal. C1 [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Huntington, Thomas G.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU US Geological Survey funds; NASA [NNH04AA66I, NNH08AI57I] FX This work was supported, in part, by US Geological Survey funds for climate research and, in part, by funds provided to T. Huntington by NASA grants (NNH04AA66I and NNH08AI57I). This work was produced in collaboration with the Northeastern States Research Cooperative, as a part of the NE Forests 2100 project. We thank Peter Groffman (Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York), Justin Sheffield (Princeton University), and Glenn Hodgkins (US Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, for their insights that contributed to the manuscript. We also thank all of the scientists who contributed to the climate and hydrologic analysis performed for the Northeast Climate Impact Analysis, whose collective works contributed to climate and hydrologic projections. NR 131 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 76 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1139/X08-116 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431IH UT WOS:000265054300001 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Rustad, LE Boyer, EW Christopher, SF Driscoll, CT Fernandez, IJ Groffman, PM Houle, D Kiekbusch, J Magill, AH Mitchell, MJ Ollinger, SV AF Campbell, John L. Rustad, Lindsey E. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Christopher, Sheila F. Driscoll, Charles T. Fernandez, Ivan J. Groffman, Peter M. Houle, Daniel Kiekbusch, Jana Magill, Alison H. Mitchell, Myron J. Ollinger, Scott V. TI Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE CONSUMPTION; CLAIR WATERSHED DUCHESNAY; LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; TRACE GAS FLUXES; HARDWOOD FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AB A critical component of assessing the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems involves understanding associated changes in the biogeochemical cycling of elements. Evidence from research on northeastern North American forests shows that direct effects of climate change will evoke changes in biogeochemical cycling by altering plant physiology, forest productivity, and soil physical, chemical, and biological processes. Indirect effects, largely mediated by changes in species composition, length of growing season, and hydrology, will also be important. The case study presented here uses the quantitative biogeochemical model PnET-BGC to test assumptions about the direct and indirect effects of climate change on a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Modeling results indicate an overall increase in net primary production due to a longer growing season, an increase in NO3- leaching due to large increases in net mineralization and nitrification, and slight declines in mineral weathering due to a reduction in soil moisture. Future research should focus on uncertainties, including the effects of (1) multiple simultaneous interactions of stressors (e. g., climate change, ozone, acidic deposition); (2) long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on vegetation; (3) changes in forest species composition; (4) extreme climatic events and other disturbances (e. g., ice storms, fire, invasive species); and (5) feedback mechanisms that increase or decrease change. C1 [Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Christopher, Sheila F.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.; Kiekbusch, Jana] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Houle, Daniel] Direct Rech Forestiere, Minist Ressources Nat & Faune Quebec, Ste Foy, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Magill, Alison H.; Ollinger, Scott V.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative; US Forest Service; Northern Research Station; Newtown Square, Pennsylvania; National Science Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This study was funded by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative and the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. Measured data for Hubbard Brook were provided by Gene E. Likens through financial support from the National Science Foundation and The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Hubbard Brook is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research program. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service. We acknowledge the NCAR/DOEPCM and UKMetHadCM3 modeling groups for making available the atmosphere-ocean general circulation model data. We also acknowledge Ed Maurer and Katharine Hayhoe for the statistical downscaling; ATMOS Research & Consulting for data analysis and graphics; and the Union of Concerned Scientists for support of this work. NR 172 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 9 U2 105 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 264 EP 284 DI 10.1139/X08-104 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431IH UT WOS:000265054300005 ER PT J AU Mohan, JE Cox, RM Iverson, LR AF Mohan, Jacqueline E. Cox, Roger M. Iverson, Louis R. TI Composition and carbon dynamics of forests in northeastern North America in a future, warmer world SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Review ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; INCREASED NITROGEN DEPOSITION; IVY TOXICODENDRON RADICANS; SIMULATED WINTER THAW; LAND-USE HISTORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED SPRUCE; WHITE-PINE; LONG-TERM AB Increasing temperatures, precipitation extremes, and other anthropogenic influences (pollutant deposition, increasing carbon dioxide) will influence future forest composition and productivity in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. This synthesis of empirical and modeling studies includes tree DNA evidence suggesting tree migrations since the last glaciation were much slower, at least under postglacial conditions, than is needed to keep up with current and future climate warming. Exceedances of US and Canadian ozone air quality standards are apparent and offset CO2-induced gains in biomass and predispose trees to other stresses. The deposition of nitrogen and sulfate in the northeastern United States changes forest nutrient availability and retention, reduces reproductive success and frost hardiness, causes physical damage to leaf surfaces, and alters performance of forest pests and diseases. These interacting stresses may increase future tree declines and ecosystem disturbances during transition to a warmer climate. Recent modeling work predicts warmer climates will increase suitable habitat (not necessarily actual distribution) for most tree species in the northeastern United States. Species whose habitat is declining in the northeastern United States currently occur in Canadian forests and may expand northward with warming. Paleoecological studies suggest local factors may interact with, even overwhelm, climatic effects, causing lags and thresholds leading to sudden large shifts in vegetation. C1 [Mohan, Jacqueline E.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mohan, Jacqueline E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cox, Roger M.] Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Iverson, Louis R.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Mohan, JE (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jmohan@uga.edu RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0620443]; National Institute for Climate Change Research funding through the Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64157] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative. J. E. Mohan and data from Harvard Forest were supported by Long-term Ecological Research funding through the National Science Foundation (DEB-0620443 to J. Melillo), and by National Institute for Climate Change Research funding through the Department of Energy (DE-FC02-06ER64157). We acknowledge the insight and helpful comments of Doug Maynard; Lindsey Rustad; two anonymous reviewers; a guest associate editor; and Caroline Simpson of Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Atlantic Forestry Centre, for much of the formatting of the original submission. NR 177 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 44 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 213 EP 230 DI 10.1139/X08-185 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431IH UT WOS:000265054300002 ER PT J AU Dukes, JS Pontius, J Orwig, D Garnas, JR Rodgers, VL Brazee, N Cooke, B Theoharides, KA Stange, EE Harrington, R Ehrenfeld, J Gurevitch, J Lerdau, M Stinson, K Wick, R Ayres, M AF Dukes, Jeffrey S. Pontius, Jennifer Orwig, David Garnas, Jeffrey R. Rodgers, Vikki L. Brazee, Nicholas Cooke, Barry Theoharides, Kathleen A. Stange, Erik E. Harrington, Robin Ehrenfeld, Joan Gurevitch, Jessica Lerdau, Manuel Stinson, Kristina Wick, Robert Ayres, Matthew TI Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Review ID BEECH BARK DISEASE; WOOLLY ADELGID HOMOPTERA; TENT CATERPILLAR LEPIDOPTERA; FRANGULA-ALNUS RHAMNACEAE; ARMILLARIA ROOT-ROT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CELASTRUS-ORBICULATUS; GLOSSY BUCKTHORN; EASTERN HEMLOCK; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3-5 degrees C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on "nuisance'' species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species' responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner), two pathogens (armillaria root rot (Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.) Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios. C1 [Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Theoharides, Kathleen A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Pontius, Jennifer] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Orwig, David; Stinson, Kristina] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Garnas, Jeffrey R.; Stange, Erik E.; Ayres, Matthew] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Rodgers, Vikki L.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Brazee, Nicholas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cooke, Barry] No Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Ehrenfeld, Joan] Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Gurevitch, Jessica] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lerdau, Manuel] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lerdau, Manuel] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wick, Robert] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Dukes, JS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dukes@stanfordalumni.org RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Lerdau, Manuel/E-7320-2011; OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Lerdau, Manuel/0000-0003-1864-0834; Garnas, Jeff/0000-0002-9956-9875 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation [DEB-0546670]; US Department of Energy's National Institute FX We thank Bonnie Campbell for assistance with the manuscript. This manuscript was produced with support from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative, as a part of the NE Forests 2100 project. JSD received support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0546670) and from the US Department of Energy's National Institute for Climatic Change Research. NR 181 TC 155 Z9 160 U1 21 U2 213 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 231 EP 248 DI 10.1139/X08-171 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431IH UT WOS:000265054300003 ER PT J AU Fabio, ES Arthur, MA Rhoades, CC AF Fabio, Eric S. Arthur, Mary A. Rhoades, Charles C. TI Influence of moisture regime and tree species composition on nitrogen cycling dynamics in hardwood forests of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; SOIL INTERACTIONS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; CANOPY TREE; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; AMERICAN CHESTNUT; N MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION; WATERSHEDS AB Understanding how natural factors interact across the landscape to influence nitrogen (N) cycling is an important focus in temperate forests because of the great inherent variability in these forests. Site-specific attributes, including local topography, soils, and vegetation, can exert important controls on N processes and retention. Seasonal monitoring of N cycling dynamics was carried out for 2 years in deciduous forest stands that differed in soil moisture status and geologic substrate, and thus, in tree species composition to determine the effects of tree species composition, mediated by moisture and soil chemistry, on N cycling. Geologic substrate influenced soil and soil leachate chemistry but did not appear to affect N cycling in the upper 10 cm. Moisture status was strongly correlated with tree species composition, which was significantly related to N cycling parameters. Sugar maple was associated with high net nitrification rates and soil solution NO(3) concentrations, whereas in oak stands nitrification was low and soil solution NO3 was at or near detection limits. Tree species composition in the understory suggests that sugar maple may be increasing in mesic sites and that oak regeneration in all sites is very limited, and a shift in species composition could result in changes to N retention and export. C1 [Fabio, Eric S.; Arthur, Mary A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Rhoades, Charles C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fabio, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esf56@cornell.edu FU Mammoth Cave National Park Division of Science and Resource Management FX Funding and logistical support for this research was provided by a cooperative agreement with the Mammoth Cave National Park Division of Science and Resource Management, under the direction of Mark DePoy. We thank Daniel Bowker, Michele Webber, Sarah Hill, Autumn Foushee, Keith Ellum, and Jessi Lyons for help in the field and the laboratory. We are indebted to Millie Hamilton, who performed all N mineralization and soil solution analyses. University of Kentucky Regulatory Services performed the analyses for soil texture, total C and N, and exchangeable nutrients. We would also like to thank Cindy Prescott and two anonymous reviewers for providing important comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study (No. 09-09-011) is connected with a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1139/X08-182 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431IH UT WOS:000265054300009 ER PT J AU Goates, BJ Mercier, J AF Goates, Blair J. Mercier, Julien TI Effect of biofumigation with volatiles from Muscodor albus on the viability of Tilletia spp. teliospores SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofumigation; Muscodor; Tilletia; smut; bunt; grain; volatile ID FUNGUS; WHEAT; ENDOPHYTE; TRITICI; PLANT; BUNT AB Volatile organic compounds produced by the fungus Muscodor albus inhibit or kill numerous fungi. The effect of these volatiles was tested on dormant and physiologically active teliospores of the smut fungi Tilletia horrida, Tilletia indica, and Tilletia tritici, which cause kernel smut of rice, Karnal bunt of wheat, and common bunt of wheat, respectively. Reactivated rye grain culture of M. albus was used to fumigate dormant teliospores in dry Petri dishes and physiologically active teliospores on water agar for up to 5 days at 22 degrees C. Teliospores of all 3 species were incapable of germination when fumigated on agar for 5 days. When T. tritici on agar was fumigated only during the initial 48 h of incubation, viability was reduced by 73%-99%. Fumigation of dry loose teliospores of T. tritici caused a 69%-97% loss in viability, whereas teliospores within intact sori were not affected. Dormant teliospores of T. horrida and T. indica were not affected by M. albus volatiles. It appears that M. albus has potential as a seed or soil treatment for controlling seedling-infecting smuts where infection is initiated by germinating teliospores prior to seedling emergence. The volatiles were not effective for postharvest control of teliospores under conditions used in these experiments. C1 [Goates, Blair J.] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Mercier, Julien] AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Goates, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Blair.Goates@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1139/W08-104 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 439CQ UT WOS:000265605600013 PM 19295653 ER PT J AU Van Donkersgoed, J Bohaychuk, V Besser, T Song, XM Wagner, B Hancock, D Renter, D Dargatz, D AF Van Donkersgoed, Joyce Bohaychuk, Valerie Besser, Thomas Song, Xin-Ming Wagner, Bruce Hancock, Dale Renter, David Dargatz, David TI Occurrence of foodborne bacteria in Alberta feedlots SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BEEF-CATTLE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; PREVALENCE; SALMONELLA; PETRIFILM; FECES AB The occurrence of generic Escherichia coli, E coli O157, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in cattle manure, beef carcasses, catch basin water, and soils receiving manure application was determined in 21 Alberta feedlots. In cattle manure, generic E coli (98%, 2069/2100) and Campylobacter (76%, 1590/2100) were frequently detected; E. coli O157 (7%, 143/2 100) and Salmonella (1%, 20/2100) were less frequently detected. Samples from beef carcasses in the cooler following Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point interventions yielded only 1 isolate each of generic E coli and Campylobacter (1/1653) and no Salmonella (0/1653). Catch basin water specimens were positive for generic E coli in both the spring (62%, 13/21) and the fall (52%, 11/21). Other bacteria were detected only in the spring water specimens, including E coli O157 (29%, 6/21), Salmonella (5%, 1/21), and Campylobacter (52%, 11/21). Generic E coli was frequently isolated from soil specimens (30%, 27/88), but E coli O157 was not found in soil samples obtained in the spring and was only occasionally detected in the fall samples (9%, 3/32). Salmonella were occasionally found in the soil specimens collected in the spring (3%, 2/56), but not in the fall season (0/32). Campylobacter jejuni was frequent in cattle manure (66%, 1070/1623), but rare in carcass and environmental samples. E. coli O157 and Salmonella were rarely detected in cattle or the environment. Generic E coli and Salmonella were rarely detected on carcasses. C1 [Van Donkersgoed, Joyce] Dr Joyce Van Donkersgoed Vet Serv Inc, Coaldale, AB T1M 1M3, Canada. [Bohaychuk, Valerie] Alberta Agr & Food, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2, Canada. [Besser, Thomas; Hancock, Dale] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Song, Xin-Ming] Vaccine & Infect Dis Org, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. [Wagner, Bruce; Dargatz, David] USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Renter, David] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Van Donkersgoed, J (reprint author), Dr Joyce Van Donkersgoed Vet Serv Inc, Box 253, Coaldale, AB T1M 1M3, Canada. EM donkersg@telusplanet.net RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 FU Alberta Livestock Development Fund,; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute; Alberta Beef Producers FX Funding was provided by the Alberta Livestock Development Fund, Alberta Agricultural Research Institute, Alberta Beef Producers. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 166 EP 172 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 410NZ UT WOS:000263585800009 PM 19412396 ER PT J AU Choi, MY Raina, A Vander Meer, R AF Choi, Man-Yeon Raina, Ashok Vander Meer, Robert K. TI PBAN/pyrokinin peptides in the central nervous system of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PBAN; Neuropeptide; Central nervous system; Immunocytochemistry; Fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Insecta) ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-EARWORM MOTH; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; PBAN-LIKE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LOCUSTAMYOTROPIN-LIKE; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES AB The pyrokinin/pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family of peptides found in insects is characterized by a 5-amino-acid C-terminal sequence, FXPRLamide. The pentapeptide is the active core required for diverse physiological functions, including the stimulation of pheromone biosynthesis in female moths, muscle contraction, induction of embryonic diapause, melanization, acceleration of puparium formation, and termination of pupal diapause. We have used immunocytochemical techniques to demonstrate the presence of pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Polyclonal antisera against the C-terminal end of PBAN have revealed the location of the peptide-producing cell bodies and axons in the central nervous system. Immunoreactive material is detectable in at least three groups of neurons in the subesophageal ganglion and corpora cardiaca of all adult sexual forms. The ventral nerve cord of adults consists of two segmented thoracic ganglia and four segmented abdominal ganglia. Two immunoreactive pairs of neurons are present in the thoracic ganglia, and three neuron pairs in each of the first three abdominal ganglia. The terminal abdominal ganglion has no immunoreactive neurons. PBAN immunoreactive material found in abdominal neurons appears to be projected to perisympathetic organs connected to the abdominal ganglia. These results indicate that the fire ant nervous system contains pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides, and that these peptides are released into the hemolymph. In support of our immunocytochemical results, significant pheromonotropic activity is found in fire ant brain-subesophageal ganglion extracts from all adult fire ant forms (queens, female and male alates, and workers) when extracts are injected into decapitated females of Helicoverpa zea. This is the first demonstration of the presence of pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides and pheromonotropic activity in an ant species. C1 [Choi, Man-Yeon; Vander Meer, Robert K.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Raina, Ashok] ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Choi, MY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM mychoi@ars.usda.gov; Bob.VanderMeer@ars.usda.gov OI Choi, Man-Yeon/0000-0003-0769-380X FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2003367] FX This research was supported in part by a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant ( no. 2003367). NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 335 IS 2 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00441-008-0721-6 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 399FB UT WOS:000262784700013 PM 19002499 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Wang, GS Pan, XJ Gleisner, R AF Zhu, J. Y. Wang, G. S. Pan, X. J. Gleisner, R. TI Specific surface to evaluate the efficiencies of milling and pretreatment of wood for enzymatic saccharification SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Specific surface; Bioprocessing; Enzymatic saccharification/hydrolysis; Feedstock processing; Size reduction; Disk and hammer milling; Cellulosic ethanol ID CORN STOVER; PARTICLE-SIZE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; STEAM EXPLOSION; CHIP SIZE; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULOSE; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE; SOFTWOOD AB Sieving methods have been almost exclusively used for feedstock size-reduction characterization in the biomass refining literature. This study demonstrates a methodology to properly characterize specific surface of biomass substrates through two dimensional measurement of each fiber of the substrate using a wet imaging technique. The methodology provides more information than sieving methods about biomass substrate. The measured dimensions of individual fibers were used to estimate the substrate external surface based on a cylinder model. The substrate specific surface and mechanical milling energy consumption were then correlated to enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield. Results indicated that the developed methodology is effective in differentiating various size-reduction and chemical pretreatment processes in terms of cellulose to glucose conversion efficiency and size-reduction energy consumption. Thermomechanical disk milling (DM-I), exposing cellulose, is more effective than a high pressure thermomechanical disk milling (DM-II), exposing lignin, in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. However, DM-I is more energy intensive than DM-II. Both DMs that produce fibers are more efficient in enzymatic hydrolysis than hammer milling that produces fiber bundles. Chemical pretreatment not only increased cellulose conversion, but also reduced mechanical milling energy consumption. The present methodology identified the sulfite pretreatment C as the most efficient pretreatment in terms of glucose yield and milling energy consumption. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, R.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Wang, G. S.] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin Key Lab Pulp & Paper, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.; Pan, X. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI mei, chaoqun/B-9857-2011 NR 43 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 EI 1873-4405 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2008.09.026 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 402LD UT WOS:000263014300006 ER PT J AU Shen, J Ordovas, JM AF Shen, Jian Ordovas, Jose M. TI Impact of Genetic and Environmental Factors on hsCRP Concentrations and Response to Therapeutic Agents SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PLASMA CRP LEVELS; BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC-SYNDROME AB BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an instrumental role in all stages of atherosclerosis. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a systemic inflammatory marker, has been gaining recognition as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both baseline hsCRP concentrations and drug-induced hsCRP changes are highly variable and potentially subject to genetic regulation. CONTENT: This review summarizes the current studies examining the effect of genetic and environmental factors on baseline plasma hsCRP concentrations, with a main focus on C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related (CRP) genetic polymorphisms and various dietary components that affect hsCRP concentrations. We also address the association of CRP genetic variations with CVD risk, a relationship that may support or refute the causality of CRP in the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, we discuss the impact of CRP genetic polymorphisms on hsCRP changes in response to 3-week fenofibrate treatment in the genetic intervention of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. SUMMARY: Genetic variants on the CRP locus and other loci and dietary and lifestyle factors are responsible for the interindividual variability of plasma hsCRP concentrations. CRP genetic variants further influence differing plasma hsCRP response after 3-week fenofibrate treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome. Future studies focusing on the influence and interaction of genetic variation on the hsCRP response to dietary and other behavior modification as well as drug treatment could have important implications for the development of more personalized preventive and therapeutic approaches to reduce CVD. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Shen, Jian; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU US Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Research Service) [58-19509-001]; NIH-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [U 01 HL72524]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides; NIH-NHLBI [R 01 HL54776]; US Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Research Service) FX This study was supported by contract 58-19509-001 from the US Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Research Service) and by NIH-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides, and grant NIH-NHLBI R 01 HL54776. J. Shen, US Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Research Service). NR 91 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.117754 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 401ED UT WOS:000262921300009 PM 19074515 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ AF Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Myocardial Infarction in a 72-Year-Old Woman with Low LDL-C and Increased hsCRP: Implications for Statin Therapy Commentary SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Med, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 374 EP 375 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.120584 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 401ED UT WOS:000262921300023 ER PT J AU Lildballe, DL Hardlei, TF Allen, LH Nexo, E AF Lildballe, Dorte L. Hardlei, Tore F. Allen, Lindsay H. Nexo, Ebba TI High concentrations of haptocorrin interfere with routine measurement of cobalamins in human serum and milk. A problem and its solution SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress of Laboratory Medicine CY MAY 15-17, 2008 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE cobalamin; cobinamide; haptocorrin; human milk; transcobalamin ID BINDING-PROTEINS; TRANSCOBALAMIN; VITAMIN-B12; PLASMA; ANTIBODY; BLOOD; WOMEN AB Background: Human milk and occasional serum samples contain high concentrations of unsaturated haptocorrin, which influence accurate measurement of cobalamins. Methods: Cobalamins in serum samples spiked with increasing amounts of unsaturated haptocorrin were measured employing the Centaur, Cobas and Architect analysers. Cobinamide-coated EAH sepharose was employed for pretreatment of the samples. Human milk samples were collected from 24 healthy mothers. Haptocorrin was measured by ELISA. Results: The measured concentration of cobalamins either increased ( Centaur analyser) or decreased Architect, Cobas analysers) significantly for haptocorrin > 10 nM, and was 220%, 52% or 45% of the expected values in a serum sample containing 50 nM haptocorrin. Following pretreatment with cobinamide-sepharose, the expected cobalamin concentration was obtained ( Centaur). The milk samples contained 4.5-180 nM haptocorrin. In samples containing > 10 nM haptocorrin (n=19), the median concentration of cobalamins decreased from 1.3 nM to 0.67 nM after pretreatment with cobinamide-sepharose. Conclusions: Haptocorrin in concentrations above 10 nM influences measurement of cobalamins giving rise to falsely elevated or decreased results. Removal of unsaturated haptocorrin by pretreatment with cobinamidesepharose solves the problem. C1 [Lildballe, Dorte L.; Hardlei, Tore F.; Nexo, Ebba] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Allen, Lindsay H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lildballe, DL (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Norrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM dorla@as.aaa.dk NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2009.047 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 411NN UT WOS:000263656400011 PM 19191724 ER PT J AU Koh, SJ Jang, YS Hyun, YJ Park, JY Song, YD Shin, KK Chae, JS Kim, BK Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Koh, Soo Jeong Jang, Yangsoo Hyun, Yae Jung Park, Ju Yeon Song, Young Duk Shin, Kyung-Kyun Chae, Jey Sook Kim, Byung-Keuk Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Jong Ho TI Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-572C -> G promoter polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Koreans SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; JAPANESE WOMEN; GENE; PREVENTION; PLASMA; -174G-GREATER-THAN-C; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HYPERTENSION AB Increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We investigated the association of IL-6 gene polymorphisms with T2DM and circulating levels of IL-6 in Koreans. A total of 1477 subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 476 T2DM patients were included. We examined IL-6 -174G -> C, -572C -> G, -597G -> A and -1363G -> T promoter region polymorphisms. The main outcome measures were the odds ratio (OR) on T2DM risk and serum concentrations of IL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Homozygosity for the rare G allele IL-6 -572C -> G was associated with a higher risk of T2DM [OR 1.69 (95%CI 1.11-2.58), P = 0.015]. Serum IL-6 concentrations were associated with the IL-6 -572C -> G genotype in control subjects (G/G: 2.33 +/- 0.41: C/G: 1.53 +/- 0.09: C/C: 1.72 +/- 0.08 ng/l, P = 0.023). Also in the control group, subjects homozygous for the rare G allele showed significantly higher concentrations of hs-CRP than C/C and C/G carriers (G/G: 13.6 +/- 2.9: C/G: 9.2 +/- 0.6: C/C: 7.8 +/- 0.4 mg/l, P = 0.003). The C-allele at the IL-6 -174 SNP was very rare (< 0.01) and -597G -> A and -1363G -> T were monomorphic in this population. Our data demonstrate that the IL-6 -572G/G genotype is associated with higher serum IL-6 and hs-CRP concentrations and with increased risk for T2DM. C1 [Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Res Inst Sci Ageing, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Koh, Soo Jeong; Hyun, Yae Jung; Park, Ju Yeon; Chae, Jey Sook; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo; Kim, Byung-Keuk] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Div Cardiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Park, Ju Yeon; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Brain Korea Project 21, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Song, Young Duk] Ilsan Hosp, Natl Hlth Insurance Corp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Goyang, Kyungki Prov, South Korea. [Shin, Kyung-Kyun] Pochon CHA Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Res Inst Sci Ageing, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korean Government Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea (MOST) [M10642120002-06N4212-00210]; National Research Laboratory [R0A-2005-000-10144-0]; Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea;; Korea Health 21 R&D Projects, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Seoul, Korea [A000385, A050376]; Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-9-001] FX We thank the following for support: (i) Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant, the Korean Government Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea (MOST) (M10642120002-06N4212-00210); (ii) the National Research Laboratory Project (R0A-2005-000-10144-0), Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; (iii) Korea Health 21 R&D Projects, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Seoul, Korea (A000385, A050376); (iv) Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University; and (v) grant 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 70 IS 2 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03315.x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 397BI UT WOS:000262636500010 PM 18573122 ER PT J AU Overturf, K Gaylord, TG AF Overturf, Ken Gaylord, T. Gibson TI Determination of relative protein degradation activity at different life stages in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Protein degradation; Gene expression; Enzyme activity; Growth ID MUSCLE GROWTH; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; TERM STARVATION; FISH-MEAL; EXPRESSION; LIVER; TURNOVER; CALPAIN AB Rainbow trout were reared from 5 g to similar to 400 g on a diet formulated to supply the required protein from either fishmeal or plant proteins. The fish were sampled at every weight doubling and liver and muscle samples were obtained. From these tissue samples RNA and protein were isolated and analyzed for the expression of a number of muscle regulatory and protein degradation genes and enzymatic activity for proteins involved in the caspase, calpain, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways for protein proteolysis. Only MyoD2 showed significant differences in expression between the two diets, while no significant changes over the course of the experiment were determined for MyoD2 or the other muscle factors. For the degradation genes significant changes in expression were determined for calpain1 and calpastatin. Calpastatin also showed a significant increase in expression over the course of the experiment in the muscle of fish fed a fishmeal diet and significant decrease in expression in the liver of fish fed the fishmeal based diet. Differences in proteasome enzyme activity were found between diets in the liver and muscle of fish and for caspase-3 activity in muscle. Significant changes in activity over the course of the experiment were noted for proteasome and calpain activity in the liver and muscle. These findings suggest that diets replacing fishmeal with plant material can have some effects on protein turnover in muscle and that some degradation pathways are differentially regulated during the growth of rainbow trout. Published by Elsevier Inc. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM Ken.Overturf@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 152 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.10.012 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 404GY UT WOS:000263140700007 PM 19038357 ER PT J AU Sanford, MP Manley, PN Murphy, DD AF Sanford, Monte P. Manley, Patricia N. Murphy, Dennis D. TI Effects of Urban Development on Ant Communities: Implications for Ecosystem Services and Management SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ants; ecosystem services; forest management; Lake Tahoe; service-providing units; water infiltration; urbanization ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY; FOREST; URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENT; RESILIENCE; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE AB Research that connects the effects of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystem services is lacking. Ants perform multifarious ecological functions that stabilize ecosystems and contribute to a number of ecosystem services. We studied responses of ant communities to urbanization in the Lake Tahoe basin by sampling sites along a gradient of urban land development. We sampled ant communities, measured vegetation characteristics, quantified human activities, and evaluated ant-community responses by grouping ants into service-providing units (SPUs), defined as a group of organisms and their populations that perform specific ecosystem services, to provide an understanding of urbanization impacts on biodiversity and their delivery of ecosystem services. Species richness and abundance peaked at intermediate levels of urban development, as did the richness of 3 types of ant SPUs (aerators, decomposers, and compilers). With increasing land development aerator and decomposer ants significantly declined in abundance, whereas compiler ants significantly increased in abundance. Competing models demonstrated that precipitation was frequently among the strongest influences on ant community structure; however, urban development and human activities also had a strong, negative influence on ants, appearing in most models with Delta AIC(c) < 2 for species richness and abundance patterns of SPUs and generalists. Response diversity was observed within SPUs, which suggests that the corresponding ecosystem services were maintained until development reached 30-40%. Our data provide evidence that ecosystem functions, such as water infiltration and soil productivity, may be diminished at sites subject to greater levels of urbanization and that conserving ant communities and the ecosystem services they provide could be an important target in land-use planning and conservation efforts. C1 [Sanford, Monte P.; Murphy, Dennis D.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Manley, Patricia N.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Sanford, MP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol 316, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM monte.sanford@gmail.com FU Tahoe Regional Planning Agency; U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act; Nevada Biodiversity Initiative; Nevada Department of State Lands; Harvey and Annette Whittemore Conservation Research Fund FX We thank S. Parks for helping to create the urban development model, K. Heckmann for collecting much of the plant data, P. S. Ward for verifying all ant species, and H. Briggs, L. Campbell, J. Megalizzi, S. Merideth, L. Niell, M. J. Sanford, E. Sarnat, M. Schlesinger, and T. Thayer for assistance in this research project. The research was funded by the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act, Nevada Biodiversity Initiative, Nevada Department of State Lands, and the Harvey and Annette Whittemore Conservation Research Fund. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01040.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394RO UT WOS:000262465500018 PM 18778268 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Mosjidis, JA Morris, JB Chen, ZB Barkley, NA Pederson, GA AF Wang, M. L. Mosjidis, J. A. Morris, J. B. Chen, Z. B. Barkley, N. A. Pederson, G. A. TI Evaluation of Lespedeza germplasm genetic diversity and its phylogenetic relationship with the genus Kummerowia SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Lespedeza; Kummerowia; Germplasm; SSR; Genetic diversity; Phylogeny ID 2 FLAVANONES; ROOT BARK; INFECTION; CAPITATA; HAY AB The genetic diversity of the genus Lespedeza is not well known and the phylogenetic relationship of Lespedeza with the genus Kummerowia is unclear. We report the first study in which polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from Medicago, cowpea and soybean were used to assess the genetic diversity of the USDA Lespedeza germplasm collection and clarify its phylogenetic relationship with the genus Kummerowia. Phylogenetic analysis partitioned 44 Lespedeza accessions into three main groups some of which were species-specific and eight subgroups. This data set revealed some misidentified accessions, and indicated that the two species in the genus Kummerowia are closely related to the genus Lespedeza. Morphological reexamination was used to correct the misidentified accessions within the genus Lespedeza. Our results demonstrated that phylogenetic analysis with morphological reexamination provides a more complete approach to classify accessions in plant germplasm collection and conservation. C1 [Wang, M. L.; Morris, J. B.; Barkley, N. A.; Pederson, G. A.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Chen, Z. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9524-2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 414LL UT WOS:000263865100007 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Navo, KW Stihler, CW AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Navo, Kirk W. Stihler, Craig W. TI Intraspecific comparison of population structure, genetic diversity, and dispersal among three subspecies of Townsend's big-eared bats, Corynorhinus townsendii townsendii, C-t. pallescens, and the endangered C-t. virginianus SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus; Mitochondrial DNA; Microsatellite DNA; Endangered species; Genetic diversity ID SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NYCTALUS-NOCTULA; VESPERTILIONID BATS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELE FREQUENCY; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; MACRODERMA-GIGAS; PLECOTUS-AURITUS; MIGRATORY BAT AB Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii, is distributed broadly across western North America and in two isolated, endangered populations in central and eastern United States. There are five subspecies of C. townsendii; C. t. pallescens, C. t. australis, C. t. townsendii, C. t. ingens, and C. t. virginianus with varying degrees of concern over the conservation status of each. The aim of this study was to use mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA data to examine genetic diversity, population differentiation, and dispersal of three C. townsendii subspecies. C. t. virginianus is found in isolated populations in the eastern United States and was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in 1979. Concern also exists about declining populations of two western subspecies, C. t. pallescens and C. t. townsendii. Using a comparative approach, estimates of the genetic diversity within populations of the endangered subspecies, C. t. virginianus, were found to be significantly lower than within populations of the two western subspecies. Further, both classes of molecular markers revealed significant differentiation among regional populations of C. t. virginianus with most genetic diversity distributed among populations. Genetic diversity was not significantly different between C. t. townsendii and C. t. pallescens. Some populations of C. t. townsendii are not genetically differentiated from populations of C. t. pallescens in areas of sympatry. For the western subspecies gene flow appears to occur primarily through male dispersal. Finally, geographic regions representing significantly differentiated and genetically unique populations of C. townsendii virginianus are recognized as distinct evolutionary significant units. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.] USDA, APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Genet Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Piaggio, Antoinette J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Navo, Kirk W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Monte Vista, CO 81144 USA. [Stihler, Craig W.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Genet Lab, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Toni.J.Piaggio@aphis.usda.gov FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Grant; American Society of Mammalogists Committee on Grants-in-Aid; University of Colorado Museum William Henry Burt Grant; University of Colorado Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Colorado Chapter of the Wildlife Society Grant FX Lab work for this research was primarily done at the University of Colorado, Boulder by AJP. We would like to thank the following institutions and individuals for tissue samples: Coleccion Regional Durango (Vertebrados), CIIDIR Durango, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Celia Lopez-Gonzalez; Colorado Division of Wildlife, Bats/Inactive Mines Project, Tom Ingersoll, Carole Wilkey, Lea Bonewell, Nancy Olson, Cyndi Mosch; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Traci Wethington; Museum of Southwestern Biology; USGS BRD, Michael Bogan, Ernie Valdez; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Robert Currie and Heather Bell; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; Josh Johnson; Rick Reynolds; Rafael Avila-Flores. We also thank David Armstrong, Robert Guralnick, Susan Perkins, and Kate Huyvaert for their review and comments. This study was partially supported by the Colorado Division of Wildlife, the American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Grant, the American Society of Mammalogists Committee on Grants-in-Aid, the University of Colorado Museum William Henry Burt Grant, the University of Colorado Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and a Colorado Chapter of the Wildlife Society Grant. NR 75 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9542-0 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 414LL UT WOS:000263865100013 ER PT J AU Chuck, G Candela, H Hake, S AF Chuck, George Candela, Hector Hake, Sarah TI Big impacts by small RNAs in plant development SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; CUP-SHAPED-COTYLEDON; FLORAL ORGAN IDENTITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSLATIONAL INHIBITION; HOMEOTIC CONTROL; CELL FATE; MICRORNA; GENES; MAIZE AB The identification and study of small RNAs, including microRNAs and trans-acting small interfering RNAs, have added a layer of complexity to the many pathways that regulate plant development. These molecules, which function as negative regulators of gene expression, are now known to have greatly expanded roles in a variety of developmental processes affecting all major plant structures, including meristems, leaves, roots, and inflorescences. Mutants with specific developmental phenotypes have also advanced our knowledge of the biogenesis and mode of action of these diverse small RNAs. In addition, previous models on the cell autonomy of microRNAs may have to be revised as more data accumulate supporting their long distance transport. As many of these small RNAs appear to be conserved across different species, knowledge gained from one species is expected to have general application. However, a few surprising differences in small RNA function seem to exist between monocots and dicots regarding meristem initiation and sex determination. Integrating these unique functions into the overall scheme for plant growth will give a more complete picture of how they have evolved as unique developmental systems. C1 [Chuck, George] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gchuck@nature.berkeley.edu RI Candela, Hector/C-5563-2012 OI Candela, Hector/0000-0002-3050-4408 FU DOE [DE-A102-08ER15962] FX This work was supported by DOE grant DE-A102-08ER15962. We thank China Lunde for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 57 TC 111 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 30 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.09.008 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 401XB UT WOS:000262974900014 PM 18980858 ER PT J AU Kahl, S Elsasser, TH Li, CJ AF Kahl, S. Elsasser, T. H. Li, C. -J. TI Variability in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, and xanthine oxidase responses to endotoxin challenge in heifers: Effect of estrous cycle stage SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Estrous cycle; Endotoxin; Nitric oxide; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID TYROSINE NITRATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CYTOKINE CASCADE; SEX-HORMONES; TNF-ALPHA; PROGESTERONE; MODULATION; ESTRADIOL; SYNTHASE; PLASMA AB The severity of host response to some disease agents differs between sexes and this dimorphism has been attributed to the immunomodulating effects of steroid hormones. Our objective was to determine in heifers whether the phase of estrous cycle affected immune response mediators after endotoxin challenge (LPS, 2.5 mu g/kg BW, i.v.). Sixteen beef heifers (426 +/- 9 kg) were reproductively synchronized with the two-injection protocol of dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse (R), Pfizer) to establish diestrus and estrus stages of the estrous cycle. Heifers were challenged with LPS on day 3 (E. estrus: n = 8) or day 10 (ID, diestrus. it = 8) after the last i.m. injection of Lutalyse (R). In all heifers, plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) peaked 2 h after LPS treatment (P < 0.01) and returned to basal level by 7 h. However. the integrated TNF-alpha response (area under the time x concentration curve. AUC) was greater in E than in D (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of nitrate + nitrite (NO(x), an estimate of NO production) increased (P < 0.01) in all heifers at 7 and 24 h after LPS: plasma NO(x) AUC after LPS was greater in E than D (P < 0.01). Plasma xanthine oxidase activity (XO. a mediator of superoxide production) responses were also greater in E than D (P < 0.05). A companion LPS challenge study in steers validated that the protocol for and use of Lutalyse (R) did not affect any of the immune parameters Studied in heifers in response to LPS. Results indicate that the underlying physiological attributes of the estrus and diestrus phases of the estrous Cycle Constitute a major source of variability in the magnitude of proinflammatory response to bacterial toxins like LPS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kahl, S.; Elsasser, T. H.; Li, C. -J.] Animal & Nat Res Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, ARS,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kahl, S (reprint author), Animal & Nat Res Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, ARS,BARC E, Bldg 200,Room 211E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stanislaw.kahl@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.10.006 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 396JX UT WOS:000262589100003 PM 19054643 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Moffet, CA Williams, CJ Hardegree, SP Clark, PE AF Pierson, Frederick B. Moffet, Corey A. Williams, C. Jason Hardegree, Stuart P. Clark, Patrick E. TI Prescribed-fire effects on rill and interrill runoff and erosion in a mountainous sagebrush landscape SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Erosion; infiltration; fire; rangeland; runoff; sagebrush; water repellent soils ID SOIL-EROSION; SEMIARID HILLSLOPE; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; OVERLAND-FLOW; FOREST-FIRE; RANGELAND; RAINFALL; WILDFIRE; INFILTRATION; HYDROLOGY AB Changing fire regimes and prescribed-fire use in invasive species management on rangelands require improved understanding of fire effects on runoff and erosion from steeply sloping sagebrush-steppe. Small (0-5 m(2)) and large (32.5 m(2)) plot rainfall simulations (85 mm h(-1), I h) and concentrated flow methodologies were employed immediately following burning and I and 2 years post-fire to investigate infiltration, runoff and erosion from interrill (rainsplash, sheetwash) and rill (concentrated flow) processes on unburned and burned areas of a steeply sloped sagebrush site on coarse-textured soils. Soil water repellency and vegetation were assessed to infer relationships in soil and vegetation factors that influence runoff and erosion. Runoff and erosion from rainfall simulations and concentrated flow experiments increased immediately following burning. Runoff returned to near pre-burn levels and sediment yield was greatly reduced with ground cover recovery to 40 per cent I year post-fire. Erosion remained above pre-burn levels on large rainfall simulation and concentrated flow plots until ground cover reached 60 per cent two growing seasons post-fire. The greatest impact of the fire was the threefold reduction of ground cover. Removal of vegetation and ground cover and the influence of pre-existing strong soil-water repellency increased the spatial continuity of overland flow, reduced runoff and sediment filtering effects of vegetation and ground cover, and facilitated increased velocity and transport capacity of overland flow. Small plot rainfall simulations suggest ground cover recovery to 40 per cent probably protected the site from low-return-interval storms, large plot rainfall and concentrated flow experiments indicate the site remained susceptible to elevated erosion rates during high-intensity or long duration events until ground cover levels reached 60 per cent. The data demonstrate that the persistence of fire effects on steeply-sloped, sandy sagebrush sites depends on the time period required for ground cover to recover to near 60 per cent and on the strength and persistence of 'background' or fire-induced soil water repellency. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Pierson, Frederick B.; Williams, C. Jason; Hardegree, Stuart P.; Clark, Patrick E.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Moffet, Corey A.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fred.pierson@ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1002/esp.1703 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 407ZF UT WOS:000263402100003 ER PT J AU Guedot, C Bosch, J Kemp, WP AF Guedot, Christelle Bosch, Jordi Kemp, William P. TI Relationship between body size and homing ability in the genus Osmia (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae) SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flight distance; foraging range; homing range; Osmia; pollen dispersal ID HOME RANGE SIZE; FORAGING RANGES; BEES; DISTANCE; ORIENTATION; LANDSCAPES; APIDAE AB 1. The maximum homing ability of female bees, that is, their capacity to return to the nest after being displaced a certain distance, is considered to be an estimate of their maximum foraging distance. 2. The present study provides data on homing ability and body weight for Osmia lignaria and combines them with data for five other congenerics, O. rufa, O. cornuta, O. pedicornis, O. cornifrons, and O. emarginata for analysis. These species are important pollinators of spring-flowering plants, and some have been developed as commercial crop pollinators. 3. It is shown that homing ability is positively and linearly related to body weight (r(2) = 0.81; P = 0.01). 4. These results should be of use in selecting Osmia species as potential crop pollinators and establishing adequate buffer distances around genetically modified crops. C1 [Guedot, Christelle] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bosch, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF Ecol, Bellaterra, Spain. [Kemp, William P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND USA. RP Guedot, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM christelle.guedot@ars.usda.gov OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01054.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 394SM UT WOS:000262468000020 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Safford, HD Crimmins, M Thode, AE AF Miller, J. D. Safford, H. D. Crimmins, M. Thode, A. E. TI Quantitative Evidence for Increasing Forest Fire Severity in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE California; fire ecology; fire severity; burn severity; Sierra Nevada; Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment; relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NORMALIZED BURN RATIO; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; LANDSAT DATA; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION; AREA AB Recent research has concluded that forest wildfires in the western United States are becoming larger and more frequent. A more significant question may be whether the ecosystem impacts of wildfire are also increasing. We show that a large area (approximately 120000 km 2) of California and western Nevada experienced a notable increase in the extent of forest stand-replacing ("high severity'') fire between 1984 and 2006. High severity forest fire is closely linked to forest fragmentation, wildlife habitat availability, erosion rates and sedimentation, post-fire seedling recruitment, carbon sequestration, and various other ecosystem properties and processes. Mean and maximum fire size, and the area burned annually have also all risen substantially since the beginning of the 1980s, and are now at or above values from the decades preceding the 1940s, when fire suppression became national policy. These trends are occurring in concert with a regional rise in temperature and a long-term increase in annual precipitation. A close examination of the climate-fire relationship and other evidence suggests that forest fuels are no longer limiting fire occurrence and behavior across much of the study region. We conclude that current trends in forest fire severity necessitate a re-examination of the implications of all-out fire suppression and its ecological impacts. C1 [Safford, H. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Miller, J. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. [Safford, H. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crimmins, M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thode, A. E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Safford, HD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM hughsafford@fs.fed.us FU USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Fire and Aviation Management staff FX This study was funded by the USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Fire and Aviation Management staff. Jim Baldwin, Brandon Collins, Dave Schmidt, Carl Skinner, Scott Stephens, and Neil Willets provided early reviews. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Carl Key supplied CBI plot data from Yosemite National Park for comparison of classification accuracies. NR 78 TC 250 Z9 255 U1 13 U2 107 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 16 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9201-9 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200002 ER PT J AU Collins, BM Miller, JD Thode, AE Kelly, M van Wagtendonk, JW Stephens, SL AF Collins, Brandon M. Miller, Jay D. Thode, Andrea E. Kelly, Maggi van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Stephens, Scott L. TI Interactions Among Wildland Fires in a Long-Established Sierra Nevada Natural Fire Area SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Wildland fire use; WFU; Prescribed natural fire; Fire management; Fire ecology; Fire severity; Self-limiting; Fire policy ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSAT TM; VEGETATION INDEXES; WILDERNESS AREAS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR WEST AB We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short-and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. C1 [Collins, Brandon M.; Kelly, Maggi; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Jay D.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 94318 USA. RP Collins, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bcollins@nature.berkeley.edu OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 FU USDA/USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program FX We thank Tadashi Moody for his hard work in starting this project. We also thank Andy Amacher for the helpful discussions on our data analysis. This project was funded by the USDA/USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 91 TC 109 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200009 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Wemple, BC Jamison, AE Fredriksen, G Shanley, JB Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW Campbell, JL AF Ross, Donald S. Wemple, Beverley C. Jamison, Austin E. Fredriksen, Guinevere Shanley, James B. Lawrence, Gregory B. Bailey, Scott W. Campbell, John L. TI A Cross-Site Comparison of Factors Influencing Soil Nitrification Rates in Northeastern USA Forested Watersheds SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acidic deposition; ammonification; nitrogen transformations; conifers; Acer saccharum; Picea rubens; soil calcium ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; NET NITRIFICATION; N MINERALIZATION; NEW-YORK; INORGANIC NITROGEN; TEMPERATE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS AB Elevated N deposition is continuing on many forested landscapes around the world and our understanding of ecosystem response is incomplete. Soil processes, especially nitrification, are critical. Many studies of soil N transformations have focused on identifying relationships within a single watershed but these results are often not transferable. We studied 10 small forested research watersheds in the northeastern USA to determine if there were common factors related to soil ammonification and nitrification. Vegetation varied between mixed northern hardwoods and mixed conifers. Watershed surface soils (Oa or A horizons) were sampled at grid or transect points and analyzed for a suite of chemical characteristics. At each sampling point, vegetation and topographic metrics (field and GIS-based) were also obtained. Results were examined by watershed averages (n = 10), seasonal/watershed averages (n = 28), and individual sampling points (n = 608). Using both linear and tree regression techniques, the proportion of conifer species was the single best predictor of nitrification rates, with lower rates at higher conifer dominance. Similar to other studies, the soil C/N ratio was also a good predictor and was well correlated with conifer dominance. Unlike other studies, the presence of Acer saccharum was not by itself a strong predictor, but was when combined with the presence of Betula alleghaniensis. Topographic metrics (slope, aspect, relative elevation, and the topographic index) were not related to N transformation rates across the watersheds. Although found to be significant in other studies, neither soil pH, Ca nor Al was related to nitrification. Results showed a strong relationship between dominant vegetation, soil C, and soil C/N. C1 [Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wemple, Beverley C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Jamison, Austin E.] Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage, Blue Ridge Div, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Fredriksen, Guinevere] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Northern States Research Cooperative [02CA11242343 110]; USDA Hatch fund [VT-PS-00912] FX This work was supported by the Northern States Research Cooperative (USDA award 02CA11242343 110) and USDA Hatch funds (VT-PS-00912). Numerous undergraduate students assisted with the field and laboratory efforts, including Abby Boak, Graham Burkhart, Shea Hagy, Rachel Hanish, Joe Ibrahim, Natalia Fajardo, Audrey Leduc, Isaac Paul, Lilah Ross, Chris Savastio, Stacy Thompson, Will Wheeler, Jason Wiener, and Kristin Williams. Cooperators at the research sites include Nancy Burt, Kathy Donna, and Hal Bell of theUSForest Service at Lye; Ralph Perron of the US Forest Service at Cone Pond; Jon Denner of the USGS at Sleepers and Brush Brook; and Tom Suleski of the USGS at Buck Creek and Lye. NR 85 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 158 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9214-4 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200012 ER PT J AU Nuckolls, AE Wurzburger, N Ford, CR Hendrick, RL Vose, JM Kloeppel, BD AF Nuckolls, April E. Wurzburger, Nina Ford, Chelcy R. Hendrick, Ronald L. Vose, James M. Kloeppel, Brian D. TI Hemlock Declines Rapidly with Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation: Impacts on the Carbon Cycle of Southern Appalachian Forests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; eastern hemlock; hemlock woolly adelgid; litter fall; O horizon; root biomass; soil respiration; southern Appalachians ID EASTERN HEMLOCK; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; NEW-ENGLAND; SOIL RESPIRATION; GAP MODELS; DYNAMICS; ROOT; CONSEQUENCES; HOMOPTERA; STANDS AB The recent infestation of southern Appalachian eastern hemlock stands by hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is expected to have dramatic and lasting effects on forest structure and function. We studied the short-term changes to the carbon cycle in a mixed stand of hemlock and hardwoods, where hemlock was declining due to either girdling or HWA infestation. We expected that hemlock would decline more rapidly from girdling than from HWA infestation. Unexpectedly, in response to both girdling and HWA infestation, hemlock basal area increment (BAI) reduced substantially compared to reference hardwoods in 3 years. This decline was concurrent with moderate increases in the BAI of co-occurring hardwoods. Although the girdling treatment resulted in an initial pulse of hemlock needle inputs, cumulative litter inputs and O horizon mass did not differ between treatments over the study period. Following girdling and HWA infestation, very fine root biomass declined by 20-40% in 2 years, which suggests hemlock root mortality in the girdling treatment, and a reduction in hemlock root production in the HWA treatment. Soil CO(2) efflux (E (soil)) declined by approximately 20% in 1 year after both girdling and HWA infestation, even after accounting for the intra-annual variability of soil temperature and moisture. The reduction in E (soil) and the concurrent declines in BAI and standing very fine root biomass suggest rapid declines in hemlock productivity from HWA infestation. The accelerated inputs of detritus resulting from hemlock mortality are likely to influence carbon and nutrient fluxes, and dictate future patterns of species regeneration in these forest ecosystems. C1 [Ford, Chelcy R.; Vose, James M.] USDA Forest Serv SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Nuckolls, April E.; Hendrick, Ronald L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wurzburger, Nina] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kloeppel, Brian D.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Ford, CR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM crford@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 FU USDA Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research [NSF-DEB0218001] FX This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research grant NSF-DEB0218001 and the University of Georgia's D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources. We thank Patrick Bussell, Daniel Markewitz, Amanda Newman, Lee Ogden, Dale Porterfield, Kate Seader, and Larry West for their advice and assistance. We thank R. Cobb and C. Maier for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9215-3 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411SY UT WOS:000263672100001 ER PT J AU Uselman, SM Qualls, RG Lilienfein, J AF Uselman, Shauna M. Qualls, Robert G. Lilienfein, Juliane TI Production of Total Potentially Soluble Organic C, N, and P Across an Ecosystem Chronosequence: Root versus Leaf Litter SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE belowground production; dissolved organic carbon (DOC); dissolved organic nitrogen (DON); dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP); fine root litter; temperate forest primary succession ID WEATHERING CHRONOSEQUENCE; CONIFEROUS FOREST; TEMPERATE FORESTS; CARBON ALLOCATION; MATTER ACCRETION; FINE ROOTS; MT. SHASTA; SOILS; NITROGEN; NUTRIENTS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays several important roles in forest ecosystem development, undergoing chemical, physical and/or biological reactions that affect ecosystem nutrient retention. Very few studies have focused on gross rates of DOM production, and we know of no study that has directly measured DOM production from root litter. Our objectives were to quantify major sources of total potentially water-soluble organic matter (DOM(tps)) production, with an emphasis on production from root litter, to quantify and compare total potentially soluble organic C, N, and P (DOC(tps), DON(tps), and DOP(tps)) production, and to quantify changes in their production during forest primary succession and ecosystem development at the Mt. Shasta Mudflows ecosystem chronosequence. To do so, we exhaustively extracted freshly senesced root and leaf and other aboveground litter for DOC(tps), DON(tps), and DOP(tps) by vegetation category, and we calculated DOM(tps) production (g m(-2) y(-1)) at the ecosystem level using data for annual production of fine root and aboveground litter. DOM production from throughfall was calculated by measuring throughfall volume and concentration over 2 years. Results showed that DOM(tps) production from root litter was a very important source of DOM(tps) in the Mount Shasta mudflow ecosystems, in some cases comparable to production from leaf litter for DON(tps) and larger than production from leaf litter for DOP(tps). Total DOC(tps) and DON(tps) production from all sources increased early in succession from the 77- to the 255-year-old ecosystem. However, total DOP(tps) production across the ecosystem chronosequence showed a unique pattern. Generally, the relative importance of root litter for total fine detrital DOC(tps) and DON(tps) production increased significantly during ecosystem development. Furthermore, DOC(tps) and DON(tps) production were predominantly driven by changes in biomass production during ecosystem development, whereas changes in litter solubility due to changes in species composition had a smaller effect. We suggest that DOM(tps) production from root litter may be an important source of organic matter for the accumulation of SOM during forest ecosystem development. C1 [Uselman, Shauna M.] Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Uselman, Shauna M.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Lilienfein, Juliane] Synergy Resource Solut Inc, Belgrade, MT 59714 USA. RP Uselman, SM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM uselman@unr.nevada.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies [DEB 9974062]; Graduate Student Association of the University of Nevada-Reno Merit Research Grant; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; Soil Science Society of America, Nevada FX We would like to thank Peter Van Susteren and the U. S. F. S. McCloud Ranger Station, without whose support this project would not have been possible. Thanks to Cheyenne Menkee for laboratory and Ben Rowe for field assistance. Research was funded by a National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies Grant (DEB 9974062), Graduate Student Association of the University of Nevada-Reno Merit Research Grant, and in part by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Additional support provided by Soil Science Society of America, Nevada, Pacific Region, and National Garden Clubs, Nevada Women's Fund, and USA Funds to S. M. U. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 240 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9220-6 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411SY UT WOS:000263672100005 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Hughes, RF Varga, TA Knapp, DE Kennedy-Bowdoin, T AF Asner, Gregory P. Hughes, R. Flint Varga, Timothy A. Knapp, David E. Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty TI Environmental and Biotic Controls over Aboveground Biomass Throughout a Tropical Rain Forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE airborne remote sensing; alien invasive species; biological invasion; carbon storage; Hawaii; lidar; light detection and ranging; substrate age; tropical forest; vegetation structure ID ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; CANOPY STRUCTURE; FOOTPRINT LIDAR; CARBON; GRADIENT; AMAZON; DYNAMICS; FUSION; HAWAII; BRAZIL AB The environmental and biotic factors affecting spatial variation in canopy three-dimensional (3-D) structure and aboveground tree biomass (AGB) are poorly understood in tropical rain forests. We combined field measurements and airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) to quantify 3-D structure and AGB across a 5,016 ha rain forest reserve on the northeastern flank of Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii Island. We compared AGB among native stands dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha found along a 600-1800 m elevation/climate gradient, and on three substrate-age classes of 5, 20, and 65 kyr. We also analyzed how alien tree invasion, canopy species dominance and topographic relief influence AGB levels. Canopy vertical profiles derived from lidar measurements were strong predictors (r (2) = 0.78) of AGB across sites and species. Mean AGB ranged from 48 to 363 Mg ha(-1) in native forest stands. Increasing elevation corresponded to a 53-84% decrease in AGB levels, depending upon substrate age. Holding climate constant, changes in substrate age from 5 to 65 kyr corresponded to a 23-53% decline in biomass. Invasion by Psidium cattleianum and Ficus rubiginosa trees resulted in a 19-38% decrease in AGB, with these carbon losses mediated by substrate age. In contrast, the spread of former plantation tree species Fraxinus uhdei corresponded to a 7- to 10-fold increase in biomass. The effects of topographic relief at both local and regional scales were evident in the AGB maps, with poorly drained terrain harboring 76% lower biomass than forests on well-drained relief. Our results quantify the absolute and relative importance of environmental factors controlling spatial variation in tree biomass across a rain forest landscape, and highlight the rapid changes in carbon storage incurred following biological invasion. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.; Varga, Timothy A.; Knapp, David E.; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu; fhughes@fs.fed.us; tsvarga@stanford.edu; deknapp@stanford.edu; tbowdoin@stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 46 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 261 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9221-5 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 411SY UT WOS:000263672100006 ER PT J AU Guedot, C Horton, DR Landolt, PJ AF Guedot, Christelle Horton, David R. Landolt, Peter J. TI Attraction of male winterform pear psylla to female-produced volatiles and to female extracts and evidence of male-male repellency SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Homoptera; Psyllidae; sex attraction; mate location; olfactometer; whole-body extracts ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; INSECT HYDROCARBONS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; DIAPHORINA-CITRI; MATING-BEHAVIOR; DIAPAUSE; SEASONALITY; RECOGNITION; BUTTERFLIES AB Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), is a major pest of commercial pears in North America and Europe. Olfactometer trials have shown that males of both the summer and winter morphotype are attracted to female-infested host material. Additional work with the summer morphotype has shown that males are attracted to females even in the absence of the host plant, which is evidence that female C. pyricola produce a volatile sex attractant. Here, we describe similar results with the winterform, confirming for this morphotype that the female psylla rather than the infested host material is the source of the attractant. Male winterforms displayed attraction to odors from live females in the absence of the host plant, freshly killed females, and female whole body extracts. The female whole body extracts were at least as attractive as a comparable number of live females, suggesting that we were successful at extracting the components of the attractant with this procedure. All previous olfactometer trials with C. pyricola used the insect as the attractant source; the current study is the first to demonstrate that volatile chemicals isolated from the female insect were attractive to male conspecifics. Winterform males were also assayed to odors produced by conspecific males. We found that male psylla avoided volatile odors from live males, freshly killed males, or whole body extracts of males. To our knowledge, these results are the first indication that males of any member of the Psyllidae avoid odors associated with conspecific males. C1 [Guedot, Christelle; Horton, David R.; Landolt, Peter J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Guedot, C (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM christelle.guedot@ars.usda.gov FU USA - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [US-4048-07]; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-35302-17475]; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission [PR-05-504] FX Assistance from Merilee Bayer and Deb Broers in collecting and maintaining insects and conducting the olfactometer trials was greatly appreciated. We are also grateful to Erik Wenninger, David Hall, Victoria Soroker, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This research was supported by Research Grant Award no. US-4048-07 from the USA - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, USDA-CSREES-NRI, 2006-35302-17475, and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission (PR-05-504). NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 130 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00807.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 392PM UT WOS:000262314600008 ER PT J AU Dilling, C Lambdin, P Grant, J Rhea, R AF Dilling, Carla Lambdin, Paris Grant, Jerome Rhea, Rusty TI Community Response of Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock to Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil Treatments SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern hemlock; canopy arthropods; imidacloprid; horticultural oil; hemlock woolly adelgid ID WOOLLY ADELGID HOMOPTERA; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CANOPY ARTHROPODS; TOPICAL TOXICITY; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; COCCINELLIDAE; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATORS; HERBIVORY AB The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, is an invasive species reducing the populations of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis L. Carriere, throughout the eastern United States. Systemic imidacloprid and horticultural oil are the primary chemicals used to control infestations of this invasive pest; however, the impact of these two chemicals oil nontarget canopy insects is unknown. This study was initiated in November 2005 to assess the effects of (1) imidacloprid soil drench, (2) imidacloprid soil injection, (3) imidacloprid tree injections, and (4) horticultural oil applications on multiple levels of organization (composition, overall specimen abundance and species richness, guild specimen abundance and species richness, and individual species) within the phytophagous and transient canopy insect community. Community composition differed significantly among treatments based on analysis of similarity. Mean species richness and specimen abundance were significantly reduced by one or more treatments. Soil drench applications significantly reduced species richness for the detritivore and phytophaga guilds. Furthermore, specimen abundance for species in the detritivore, fungivore, phytophaga, scavenger, and transient phytophaga guilds was significantly lower in the soil drench treatment. This trend was consistent in all insect guilds examined, with the exception of the hematophaga guild that was not significantly lower than for species oil the control trees. Of the 293 species documented to be associated with eastern hemlocks, 33 species were found to be directly effected by one or more of the chemical treatments. C1 [Dilling, Carla; Lambdin, Paris; Grant, Jerome] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rhea, Rusty] Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Lambdin, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM plambdin@utk.edu FU USDA Forest Service FX We thank D. Paulsen (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN) for assistance with field experiments, C. Dietrich (Illinois Natural History Survey) and E. Mockford (Illinois State University) for identification of specimens, A. Reed (Statistical Consulting Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN) for statistical assistance, personnel at the Tellico Plains Ranger Station (Cherokee National Forest) for assistance in setting up the test sites, and the USDA Forest Service for financial support of this project. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1603/022.038.0108 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300009 PM 19791598 ER PT J AU Klepzig, KD Adams, AS Handelsman, J Raffa, KF AF Klepzig, K. D. Adams, A. S. Handelsman, J. Raffa, K. F. TI Symbioses: A Key Driver of Insect Physiological Processes, Ecological Interactions, Evolutionary Diversification, and Impacts on Humans SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE symbiosis; insects; microorganisms; bark beetles; context dependency ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; BARK BEETLES; SIREX-NOCTILIO; LOBLOLLY-PINE; IPS-PINI; PHENOLIC METABOLITES; OPHIOSTOMA-PILIFERUM; BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS AB Symbiosis is receiving increased attention among all aspects of biology because of the unifying themes it helps construct across ecological, evolutionary, developmental, semiochemical, and pest management theory. Insects show a vast array of symbiotic relationships with a wide diversity of microorganisms. These relationships may confer a variety of benefits to the host (macrosymbiont), such as direct or indirect nutrition, ability to counter the defenses of plant or animal hosts, protection from natural enemies, improved development and reproduction, and communication, Benefits to the microsymbiont (including a broad range of fungi, bacteria, mites, nematodes, etc.) often include transport, protection from antagonists, and protection from environmental extremes. Symbiotic relationships may be mutualistic, commensal, competitive, or parasitic. In many cases, individual relationships may include both beneficial and detrimental effects to each partner during various phases of their life, histories or as environmental conditions change. The outcomes of insect-microbial interactions are often strongly mediated by other symbionts and by features of the external and internal environment. These outcomes can also have important effects on human well being and environmental quality, by affecting agriculture, human health, natural resources, and the impacts of invasive species. We argue that, for many systems, our understanding of symbiotic relationships will advance most rapidly where context dependency and Multipartite membership are integrated into existing conceptual frameworks. Furthermore, the contribution of entomological studies to overall symbiosis theory will be greatest where preoccupation with strict definitions and artificial boundaries is minimized, and integration of emerging molecular and quantitative techniques is maximized. We highlight symbiotic relations involving bark beetles to illustrate examples of the above trends. C1 [Klepzig, K. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Adams, A. S.; Raffa, K. F.] Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Handelsman, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Klepzig, KD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kklepzig@fs.fed.us FU USDA [CSRFhS 00116016]; NSF [DEB 0314215, DFB 0316522]; UW-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences FX Support was provided by USDA CSRFhS 00116016, NSF DEB 0314215, NSF DFB 0316522,and UW-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. This manuscript benefited from the constructive inputs of an anonymous referee and M. Ayres, Dartmouth College. We thank the Editor-in-Chief, E. A. Cameron, for assistance in establishing the Insect-Symbion Interactions subject area in Environmental Entomology and for inviting a series of review papers to introduce the area. This synthesis is dedicated to the memory of S. Barras, who pioneered beetle-microbial symbioses and inspired much of our work. NR 128 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 65 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1603/022.038.0109 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300010 PM 19791599 ER PT J AU Prado, SS Golden, M Follett, PA Daugherty, MP Almeida, RPP AF Prado, Simone S. Golden, Mary Follett, Peter A. Daugherty, Matthew P. Almeida, Rodrigo P. P. TI Demography of Gut Symbiotic and Aposymbiotic Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Southern green stink bug; Buchnera; Heteroptera; symbiosis ID GREEN STINK BUG; APHIDS ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; HETEROPTERA; NYMPHAL; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; SCOTT AB Nezara viridula L. is a highly polyphagous and cosmopolitan pentatomid stink bug. Despite its economic importance, aspects of its biology are poorly understood. N. vhidula has one primary bacterium associated with its gastric caeca, which females provide to offspring by smearing it on the surface of eggs during oviposition. We studied the impact of three temperatures and egg mass surface sterilization on N. viridula's nymphal development rate and reproductive performance. Our results show that maintenance of the symbiont is affected both by temperature and egg mass surface sterilization. We detected the symbiont in 100, 84, and 8.3% of the untreated control insects at 20, 25, and 30 degrees C, respectively, by using polymerase chain reaction. In insects originated from surface sterilized egg masses, the symbiont was never detected at 20 or 30 degrees C and was detected in only I of 21 insects at 25 degrees C, Nymphal mean development time decreased with increasing temperature, but there were no differences between the sterilized and control treatments. Sterilized insects at 20 degrees C lived longer than insects in any other treatment but never laid eggs. Life table analysis of N. viridula adults showed that net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and gross reproductive rate were not significantly different among treatments except at 20 degrees C for the Surface sterilized treatment. Mean generation time, however, was significantly longer at 20 degrees C (70.96 +/- 4.43 d), regardless of the surface sterilization treatment. Our results highlight the effect that temperature has on the maintenance of this symbiosis and its relationship with N. viridula host's development and reproduction. C1 [Daugherty, Matthew P.; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Prado, Simone S.; Golden, Mary] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Follett, Peter A.] ARS, USDA, US Pacifiic Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Almeida, RPP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rodrigo@nature.berkeley.edu FU CNPq-Brazil FX We thank M. Wright and D. Rubinoff for discussions and helpful comments on the manuscript. S.S.P. had a fellowship from CNPq-Brazil; this work is part of S.S.P.'s PhD dissertation. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1603/022.038.0112 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300013 PM 19791602 ER PT J AU Wille, BD Hartman, GL AF Wille, B. D. Hartman, G. L. TI Two Species of Symbiotic Bacteria Present in the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean aphid; bacterial symbiont; Buchnera aphidicola; Arsenophonus ID ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; PEA APHID; BUCHNERA; ARSENOPHONUS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; INSECTS AB Aphids, which feed solely on plant phloem sap, have developed symbiotic associations with bacteria that provide them with the amino acids that axe lacking in phloem. Three soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Mat samura) populations were screened for the presence of Buchnera aphidicola and three common species of secondary aphid symbionts (Serratia symbiotica, Hamiltonella defensa, and Regiella insecticola). Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction and subsequent DNA sequencing showed the presence of two species of symbiotic bacteria present in all three soybean aphid populations tested: B. aphidicola and Arsenophonus sp. Although Buchnera is commonly found in aphids, Arsenophonus is most commonly found in whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), making the soybean aphid unique among aphids that have been tested for the presence of Arsenophonus. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wille, B. D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu FU Illinois Soybean Association; North Central Soybean Research Program; United Soybean Board FX This research was supported by the Illinois Soybean Association, North Central Soybean Research Program, and the United Soybean Board. We thank C. B. Hill and J. Hauden-shield (Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), respectively, for suggestions about rearing aphid clones and for redrawing of figures; Dr. Moran (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona) for aphid DNA samples to use as positive controls; and Drs. Berenbaum (Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and Domier (Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) for comments and suggestions for this research. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1603/022.038.0113 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300014 PM 19791603 ER PT J AU Ranger, CM Singh, AP Frantz, JM Canas, L Locke, JC Reding, ME Vorsa, N AF Ranger, Christopher M. Singh, Ajay P. Frantz, Jonathan M. Canas, Luis Locke, James C. Reding, Michael E. Vorsa, Nicholi TI Influence of Silicon on Resistance of Zinnia elegans to Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphid population fitness; phenolics; peroxidase; green peach aphid; Myzus persicae ID POWDERY MILDEW; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANT DEFENSE; WHEAT PLANTS; GRAIN APHID; CUCUMBER; ACCUMULATION; RICE; PHYTOALEXINS; PERFORMANCE AB Studies were conducted to examine the effect of treating Zinnia elegans Jacq. with soluble silicon on the performance of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Z. elegans plants were irrigated every 2 d throughout the duration of the experiment with a nutrient solution amended with potassium silicate (K(2)SiO(2)), or a nutrient solution without K(2)SiO(2). Length of the prereproductive period and survivorship of M. persicae were not affected by K(2)SiO(2) treatment, but total cumulative fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) were slightly reduced on Z. elegans plants receiving soluble silicon. Quantification of silicon content in leaf tissues using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) confirmed significantly higher silicon concentrations in plants treated with K(2)SiO(2) compared with control plants. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis was used to identify and quantify phenolic acids and flavonols in leaf tissue of Z. elegans. Compared with untreated control plants, significant elevations in 5-caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid, and rutin were detected in leaves of Z. elegans plants treated with K(2)SiO(2), but none of seven other phenolics were significantly affected. Similarly, a slight elevation in guaiacol peroxidase activity was detected in plants treated with K(2)SiO(2). Overall, these results indicate treatment of Z. elegans with soluble silicon provides a modest increase in resistance levels to M. persicae, which may be caused in part by defense-related compounds. C1 [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.] ARS, Hort Insect Res Lab, Applicat Technol Res Unit, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Singh, Ajay P.; Vorsa, Nicholi] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan M.; Locke, James C.] ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, USDA, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Canas, Luis] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ranger, CM (reprint author), ARS, Hort Insect Res Lab, Applicat Technol Res Unit, USDA, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM christopher.ranger@ars.usda.gov RI Canas, Luis/A-5651-2012; Li, Shiguang/G-7471-2012 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1603/022.038.0116 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300017 PM 19791606 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Byers, JA AF Blackmer, Jacquelyn L. Byers, John A. TI Lugus spp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) Host-Plant Interactions with Lesquerella fendleri, (Brassicaceae), a New Crop in the Arid Southwest SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE western tarnished plant bug; visual cues; olfactometer; natural enemies; phenylacetaldehyde ID METHYL SALICYLATE; BENEFICIAL INSECTS; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; VISUAL RESPONSES; VOLATILES; FIELD; ATTRACTANT; HEMIPTERA; TRAPS; BUG AB Lesquerella fendleri is a new crop being cultivated in the arid Southwest for the hydroxy fatty acids found in its seed oils; however, little is know about the agricultural pests that will affect the seed production of this crop or the role the crop may have as a possible source or sink for current agricultural pests in the Arizona landscape. In the early spring, lygus bugs, some of our most important agricultural pests, are normally found in relatively small numbers on weeds; however, as lesquerella production increases, it may serve as an important early-season host for lygns. Here we present results from olfactometer bioassays that showed a significant attraction by Lygus hesperus females to volatiles associated with flowering lesquerella, Headspace volatiles of flowering lesquerella were collected and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) was found to be the major component, followed by benzaldehyde and Z-3- hexenyl acetate. In the field, we examined the Lygus spp. complex, as well as the prevalence of other herbivores and select predators, and monitored their responses to unbaited sticky traps of various colors and PAA-baited green and blue sticky traps. Green, blue, and clear sticky traps captured significantly more Lygus spp, (L. elisus in particular) than opaque yellow and red traps, but PAA-baited blue and green traps did not capture more lygus than unbaited traps. Collops spp., however, were collected in higher numbers on PAA-baited traps, suggesting that this compound might provide a means of recruiting and/or retaining this particular natural enemy. C1 [Blackmer, Jacquelyn L.; Byers, John A.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM john.Byers@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1603/022.038.0120 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300021 PM 19791610 ER PT J AU Boiteau, G Meloche, F Vincent, C Leskey, TC AF Boiteau, G. Meloche, F. Vincent, C. Leskey, T. C. TI Effectiveness of Glues Used for Harmonic Radar Tag Attachment and Impact on Survival and Behavior of Three Insect Pests SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesives; bonding; cyanoacrylate; behavior; ethological software ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; PLUM CURCULIO; TRACKING; COLEOPTERA; ADULTS; PENETRATION; MOVEMENT; BEETLES; DESIGN AB The ability of three cyanoacrylate glues to ensure a durable bond between the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), or the corn rootworms (Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and Northern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis Smith and Lawrence) and the harmonic radar tag without impact on behavior and survival was assessed as part of a study on the use of harmonic radar technology to track these insect pests. Droplets of 0.1 mg of Krazy Glue, Loctite, and Bowman FSA applied to the pronotum bad no effect on the survival of the Colorado potato beetle or plum curculio after 5 and 7 d, but caused > 40% mortality after only 4 h with both the western and northern corn rootworms. The three glues created an effective bond lasting 4-5 d between the harmonic radar tag and the Colorado potato beetle in > 85% of cases and the plum curculio in almost 50% of cases. There was no detectable impact of the glue treatment on feeding or walking behavior of the Colorado potato beetle. Analysis of the same behaviors with the plum curculio showed no impact on the ability to walk on a vertical surface, the speed of travel, or the duration of travel. There was no significant impact on feeding by female plum curculio but indication that males treated with Krazy Glue fed less. Overall, results quantified the effectiveness of the cyanoacrylate glues at providing a durable bond with no significant impact on mobility or behavior of the Colorado potato beetle or plum curculios. However, the toxicity of the glues against the corn rootworms suggests that similar toxicity or sublethal effects may exist with other insects. C1 [Boiteau, G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Stn, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. [Meloche, F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Vincent, C.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. [Leskey, T. C.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Boiteau, G (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Stn, 850 Lincoln Rd,POB 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. EM boiteaug@agr.gc.ca NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1603/022.038.0121 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300022 PM 19791611 ER PT J AU Northfield, TD Mizell, RF Paini, DR Andersen, PC Brodbeck, BV Riddle, TC Hunter, WB AF Northfield, Tobin D. Mizell, Russell F., III Paini, Dean R. Andersen, Peter C. Brodbeck, Brent V. Riddle, T. Charles Hunter, Wayne B. TI Dispersal, Patch Leaving, and Distribution of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging behavior; marginal value theorem; spatial analysis of distance indices ID XYLEM FLUID; AMINO-ACIDS; HOST PLANTS; COAGULATA; LEAFHOPPER; FASTIDIOSA; HOMOPTERA; PATTERNS; VECTORS; DISEASE AB Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and related species have caused millions of dollars in damage to southern California vineyards in recent years through the vectoring of Pierce's disease. However, the effects of surrounding vegetation on the dispersal and distribution of H. vitripennis are poorly understood. Therefore, the relationship between dispersal rates and patch quality was tested, as well as the basic predictions of the marginal value theorem. Additional experiments were conducted to compare the H. vitripennis distribution in all isolated crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) patch and a L. indica patch bordering two alternative host patches, In mark-release-recapture tests, H. vitripennis dispersed farther from the release point in a patch of low-quality host plants (Prunus persica) than in patches of high-quality host plants (L. indica). In addition, H. vitripennis remained in L. indica patches longer than in P. persica patches and adjusted patch residence times in P. persica in correlation with known changes in plant physiology. These data suggest that H. vitripennis follows the basic predictions of marginal value theorem. In distribution tests, H. vitripennis were more abundant in the patch center than patch edges in the isolated L. indica patch, but in a patch bordering cottonwood (Populus sp.) and peach (P. persica), H. vitripennis numbers were generally higher along the edges of the patch. These data suggest that alternate hosts bordering cropping systems may be important to the spatial dynamics of H. vitripennis, Implications of these spatial observations oil the biology of H. vitripennis and potential control methods are discussed. C1 [Northfield, Tobin D.; Mizell, Russell F., III; Andersen, Peter C.; Brodbeck, Brent V.; Riddle, T. Charles] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Paini, Dean R.] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Hunter, Wayne B.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Northfield, TD (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM tnorthfield@wsu.edu RI Paini, Dean/C-2341-2009; Northfield, Tobin/I-2323-2013 OI Northfield, Tobin/0000-0002-0563-485X FU California Department of Food and Agriculture; Pierce's Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Management Program FX We thank J. Blackmer, S. Reitz, the anony-rnows reviewers, mid the subject editor for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This work was supported by a grant front the California Department of Food and Agriculture, Pierce's Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Management Program. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1603/022.038.0123 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300024 PM 19791613 ER PT J AU Wenninger, EJ Stelinski, LL Hall, DG AF Wenninger, Erik J. Stelinski, Lukasz L. Hall, David G. TI Roles of Olfactory Cues, Visual Cues, and Mating Status in Orientation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Four Different Host Plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; kairomones; citrus greening disease; attractants; olfaction ID ADULT ASIAN CITRUS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; HOMOPTERA; FLORIDA; DISEASE; BIOLOGY; PEAR; CICADELLIDAE; PREFERENCE; TRIOZIDAE AB Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an important world,,vide pest of citrus that vectors bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) responsible for huanglongbing (citrus greening disease). We examined the behavioral responses of mated mid unmated D. citri of both sexes to odors from host plants in a Y-tube olfactometer, with and without visual cues. The host plants tested were 'Duncan' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Maefayden), sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), navel orange (C. sinensis L.), and Murraya paniculata L. Jack. Responses varied by plant species, psyllid sex and mating status, and the presence of a visual Cue. Evidence of attraction generally was stronger in females and in mated individuals of both sexes relative to virgins. The presence of a visual cue typically enhanced attractiveness of olfactory cues; in no case did unmated individuals show evidence of attraction to host plant odors in the absence ON visual cue. In the absence of visual cues, mated females and males showed evidence of attraction only to odors from sour orange and navel orange, respectively. Psyllids exhibited anemotactic responses when assayed with plant odors alone but showed strong evidence of attraction only when olfactory and visual cues were combined, suggesting that olfactory cues facilitate orientation to host plants but may be insufficient alone. Antennal responses to citrus volatiles were confirmed by electroantennogram. The results reported here provide evidence that D. citri uses olfactory and visual cues in orientation to host plants and suggest the possibility of using plant volatiles in monitoring and management of this pest. C1 [Wenninger, Erik J.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Stelinski, LL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM stelinski@ufl.edu RI Stelinski, Lukasz/A-6362-2008 NR 45 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 35 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1603/022.038.0128 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300029 PM 19791618 ER PT J AU Miller, NJ Dorhout, DL Rice, ME Sappington, TW AF Miller, Nicholas J. Dorhout, David L. Rice, Marlin E. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Range Expansion in Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): No Evidence for a Recent Population Bottleneck SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Striacosta albicosta; NADH dehydrogenase 1; biological invasion; Zea mays ID ALBICOSTA SMITH LEPIDOPTERA; CHAIN-REACTION PRIMERS; CORN; EVOLUTION; INVASIONS; PEST; MICROSATELLITES; COMPILATION; SIMILARITY; MANAGEMENT AB The western bean cutworm, Shiacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a pest of both corn and dry bean crops. At the beginning of the 21st century, the species began to extend its range out of the Great Plains, eastward through the Corn Belt. This rapid range expansion is remarkable because the species distribution had been stable for at least the previous half century, despite the apparent abundance of suitable habitat (i.e., cornfields) immediately to the east. We hypothesized that if the western bean cutworm had to overcome a stable barrier to movement before starting the current range expansion, it probably experienced a genetic bottleneck in doing so. To test this hypothesis, variation in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase one (ND1) gene was studied in populations from Wyoming, Nebraska, and Iowa. No differences in overall genetic diversity or haplotype frequencies indicative of a bottleneck were observed between the recently founded populations in Iowa and the established populations in Wyoming and Nebraska. This result suggests that the Sudden loss of an ecological exclusion mechanism, allowing the species to move east in appreciable numbers, is more likely to have triggered the range expansion than the surmounting of an extrinsic barrier to movement. The nature of this mechanism is unknown but might be related to recent changes in corn farming practices and technology. C1 [Miller, Nicholas J.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, CICGRU, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dorhout, David L.; Rice, Marlin E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, NJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, CICGRU, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nicholas.miller@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1603/022.038.0134 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 409UW UT WOS:000263532300035 PM 19791624 ER PT J AU Wachal, DJ Banks, KE Hudak, PF Harmel, RD AF Wachal, David J. Banks, Kenneth E. Hudak, Paul F. Harmel, R. Daren TI Modeling erosion and sediment control practices with RUSLE 2.0: a management approach for natural gas well sites in Denton County, TX, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RUSLE 2.0; Gas well; Erosion; Sediment; Best management practice ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; CONSTRUCTION SITES; CONTROL PRODUCTS; PERFORMANCE; BLANKETS; COMPOST; REMOVAL; RUNOFF; YIELDS; AREAS AB Sediment yields from natural gas well sites in Denton County, TX, USA can be substantial and warrant consideration of appropriate erosion and sediment control best management practices (BMPs). Version 2 of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE 2.0) was used to predict sediment yields and evaluate the efficiency of BMPs for multiple combinations of different land surface conditions (soil erodibility and slope) commonly found at gas well sites in the area. Annual average sediment yield predictions from unprotected site conditions ranged from 12.1 to 134.5 tonnes per hectare per year (t/ha/yr). Sediment yield predictions for 1, 2, 5, and 10-year design storms ranged from 8.1 to 20.6 t/ha. When site conditions were modeled with BMPs, predicted sediment yields were 52-93% less. A comparison of modeled efficiency values to a review of laboratory and field data suggests that modeled (theoretical) sediment yield results with BMPs are likely best case scenarios. This study also evaluated BMPs in the context of site management goals and implementation cost, demonstrating a practical approach for the application of RUSLE 2.0 for managing soil loss and understanding the importance of selecting appropriate site-specific BMPs for disturbed site conditions. C1 [Wachal, David J.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Banks, Kenneth E.] Div Environm Qual, Denton, TX USA. [Hudak, Paul F.] Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Harmel, R. Daren] ARC, USDA, Temple, TX USA. RP Wachal, DJ (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM djwachal@verizon.net RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [104b3] FX This work was partially financed through a Water Quality Cooperative Agreement (104b3 grant) provided to the City of Denton by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The authors would also like to extend their appreciation to Daniel Yoder for his assistance with RUSLE 2.0. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1615 EP 1627 DI 10.1007/s00254-008-1259-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 403HR UT WOS:000263074200012 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Epstein, PR Schlesinger, WH AF Ziska, Lewis H. Epstein, Paul R. Schlesinger, William H. TI Rising CO2, Climate Change, and Public Health: Exploring the Links to Plant Biology SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; contact dermatitis; food security; pharmacology; toxicology ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; COMMON RAGWEED; ELEVATED CO2; POLLEN PRODUCTION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; YIELD; ENRICHMENT AB BACKGROUND: Although the issue of anthropogenic climate forcing and public health is widely recognized, one fundamental aspect has remained underappreciated: the impact of climatic change on plant biology and the well-being of human systems. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to critically evaluate the extant and probable links between plant function and human health, drawing on the pertinent literature. DISCUSSION: Here we provide a number of critical examples that range over various health concerns related to plant biology and climate change, including aerobiology, contact dermatitis, pharmacology, toxicology, and pesticide use. CONCLUSIONS: There are a number of clear links among climate change, plant biology, and public health that remain underappreciated by both plant scientists and health care providers. We demonstrate the importance of such links in our understanding of climate change impacts and provide a list of key questions that will help to integrate plant biology into the current paradigm regarding climate change and human health. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.] Agr Res Serv, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Epstein, Paul R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth & Global Environm, Boston, MA USA. [Schlesinger, William H.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Bldg 1,Room 323,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 117 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1289/ehp.11501 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 401VO UT WOS:000262970700020 PM 19270781 ER PT J AU Jallas, E Sequeira, R Martin, P Turner, S Papajorgji, P AF Jallas, Eric Sequeira, Ron Martin, Pierre Turner, Sam Papajorgji, Petraq TI Mechanistic Virtual Modeling: Coupling a Plant Simulation Model with a Three-dimensional Plant Architecture Component SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Crop modeling; Virtual simulation; Cotton; Virtual plant ID LEAF-AREA; COTTON; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; SYSTEM; YIELD AB The aim of this research is to integrate plant architectural modeling or "visualization modeling" and "mechanistic" or physiologically based modeling to describe how a real plant functions using a virtual crop. Virtual crops are life-like computer representations of crops based on individual plants and including the representation of the substrate on which the plants grow. The integration of a three-dimensional expression and the mechanistic model of plant development and growth requires the knowledge of the position of the organs along the different plant axes (the topology), their sizes, their forms, and their spatial orientation. The plant simulation model simulates the topology and organ weight or length. The superposition of spatial position and the topology produces the architecture of the plant. The association between sizes and organs creates what we refer to as the plant morphological model. Both components, the architectural model and the morphology model, are detailed in this paper. Once the integration is complete, the system produces a movie-like animation that shows the plant growing. The integrated model may simulate one or several plants growing simultaneously (in parallel). Visual capabilities make the proposed system very unique as it allows users to judge the results of the simulation the same way a farmer judges the situation of the crops in real life, by visually observing the field. C1 [Jallas, Eric] ITK, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Jallas, Eric; Martin, Pierre] CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Sequeira, Ron] CPHST, APHIS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Papajorgji, Petraq] Univ Florida, IFAS, Informat Technol Off, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jallas, E (reprint author), ITK, 5 Rue Cavalerie, F-34000 Montpellier, France. EM jallas@cirad.fr NR 39 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s10666-008-9164-4 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395OQ UT WOS:000262533800003 ER PT J AU Xu, T Cho, IK Wang, DL Rubio, FM Shelver, WL Gasc, AME Li, J Li, QX AF Xu, Ting Cho, Il Kyu Wang, Dongli Rubio, Fernando M. Shelver, Weilin L. Gasc, Anne M. E. Li, Ji Li, Qing X. TI Suitability of a magnetic particle immunoassay for the analysis of PBDEs in Hawaiian euryhaline fish and crabs in comparison with gas chromatography/electron capture detection-ion trap mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE GC-MS; PBDEs; Aquatic pollution; Fish; ELISA ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; COASTAL WATERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; SAMPLES; ENVIRONMENT; TISSUES; BDE-47 AB A gas chromatograph/electron capture detector-ion trap mass spectrometer (GC/ECD-ITMS) was used for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in euryhaline fish and crabs. GC/ECD-ITMS results showed that average recoveries from the spiked fish samples are in a range of 58-123% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 5-19%. PBDE concentrations obtained from GC/ECD-ITMS ranged from 28 ng/g to 1845 ng/g lipid weight (1w) in all aquatic species collected from Hawaiian brackish waters. The general BIDE congener concentration profile observed in this study is BDE-47 > BDE-100>BDE-154>BDE-99>BDE-153>BDE-28>BDE-183. The ELISA results expressed 2 as BDE-47 equivalents correlated well with those of GC/ECD-ITMS, with a correlation coefficient (R(2)=0.68) and regression coefficient (slope=0.82). Comparison of ELISA with GC/ECD-ITMS results demonstrated that ELISA provides a timely and cost-effective method to screen PBDEs in fish and crab samples. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Ting; Cho, Il Kyu; Wang, Dongli; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xu, Ting; Li, Ji] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Rubio, Fernando M.] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gasc, Anne M. E.] Encore Inc, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, 1955 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; State of Hawaii Department of Health - Office of Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Hawaii Department of Health - Office of Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response. The samples were collected under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 960-1528. We thank Dr. Barbara Brooks for helpful discussions. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 157 IS 2 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.033 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401VZ UT WOS:000262971900010 PM 18990477 ER PT J AU Perumal, R Menz, MA Mehta, PJ Katile, S Gutierrez-Rojas, LA Klein, RR Klein, PE Prom, LK Schlueter, JA Rooney, WL Magill, CW AF Perumal, R. Menz, M. A. Mehta, P. J. Katile, S. Gutierrez-Rojas, L. A. Klein, R. R. Klein, P. E. Prom, L. K. Schlueter, J. A. Rooney, W. L. Magill, C. W. TI Molecular mapping of Cg1, a gene for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) in sorghum SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Anthracnose disease; Molecular markers; Genetic Map; BAC ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; MARKERS; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME; RFLP; RECOMBINATION; GRAMINICOLA; CLONING; RICE AB Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sublineolum is one of the most destructive diseases of sorghum and has been reported in most areas where the crop is grown. Several control strategies have been developed but host plant resistance has been regarded as the most effective strategy for disease control. Here, we describe the search for molecular markers that co-segregate with Cg1, a dominant gene for resistance originally identified in cultivar SC748-5. To identify molecular markers linked with the Cg1 locus, F(2:3) plants derived from a cross to susceptible cultivar BTx623 were analyzed with 98 AFLP primer combinations. BTx623 was chosen as the susceptible parent because it is also one on the parents used in creating RFLP and AFLP maps and BAC libraries for sorghum. Four AFLP markers that cosegregate with disease resistance were identified, of which Xtxa6227 mapped within 1.8 cM of the anthracnose resistance locus and all four AFLP markers have been previously mapped to the end of sorghum linkage group LG-05. Sequence scanning of BAC clones spanning this chromosome led to the discovery that Xtxp549, a polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker, mapped within 3.6 cM of the anthracnose resistance locus. To examine the efficacy of Xtxa6227 and Xtxp549 for marker-assisted selection, 13 breeding lines derived from crosses with sorghum line SC748-5 were genotyped. In 12 of the 13 lines the Xtxa6227 and Xtxp549 polymorphism associated with the Cg1 locus was still present, suggesting that Xtxp549 and Xtxa6227 could be useful for marker-assisted selection and for pyramiding of Cg1 with other genes conferring resistance to C. sublineolum in sorghum. C1 [Perumal, R.; Katile, S.; Magill, C. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Menz, M. A.; Gutierrez-Rojas, L. A.; Rooney, W. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mehta, P. J.] Monsanto Co, Monmouth, IL 61462 USA. [Klein, R. R.; Prom, L. K.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Klein, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schlueter, J. A.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Magill, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM c-magill@tamu.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2009 VL 165 IS 3 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9791-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 389IY UT WOS:000262087300017 ER PT J AU Kini, SG Bhat, AR Bryant, B Williamson, JS Dayan, FE AF Kini, Suvarna G. Bhat, Anilchandra R. Bryant, Byron Williamson, John S. Dayan, Franck E. TI Synthesis, antitubercular activity and docking study of novel cyclic azole substituted diphenyl ether derivatives SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; Enoyl-ACP reductase; Antitubercular activity; Docking ID ENOYL-ACP REDUCTASE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM; CARRIER PROTEIN REDUCTASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TOPICAL APPLICATION; TRICLOSAN ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; LIGAND DOCKING AB The re-emergence of tuberculosis (TB) as a global health problem over the past few decades, accompanied by the rise of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, emphasizes the need for discovery of new therapeutic drugs against this disease. The emerging serious problem both in terms of TB control and clinical management prompted us to synthesize a novel series of heterocyclic o/m/p substituted diphenyl ether derivatives and determine their activity against H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium. All 10 compounds inhibited the growth of the H37Rv strain of mycobacterium at concentrations as low as I mu g/mL. This level of activity was found comparable to the reference drugs rifampicin and isoniazid at the same concentration. Molecular modeling of the binding of the diphenyl ether derivatives on enoyl-ACP reductase, the molecular target site of triclosan, indicated that these compounds fit within the binding domain occupied by triclosan. Hence the diphenyl ether derivatives tested in this study were docked to ENR and the binding of the diphenyl ether derivatives was also estimated using a variety of scoring functions that have been compiled into the single consensus score. As the scores ranged from 47.27% to 65.81%, these bioactive compounds appear to have a novel mechanism of action against M. tuberculosis, and their structural features should be studied further for their potential use as new antitubercular drugs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Kini, Suvarna G.] Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India. [Bhat, Anilchandra R.] KLEs Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Belgaum 560010, Karnataka, India. [Bryant, Byron; Williamson, John S.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. [Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kini, SG (reprint author), Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India. EM suvarna_kini@yahoo.com RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI williamson, John/0000-0002-1429-3663; Kini, Suvarna/0000-0001-5495-0819; Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, University [MS 38677]; Centers for Diseases Control Cooperative Agreements [U50/CCU18839, UR3/CCU418652]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RR016476]; NIH NCRR Facilities Improvement grant [C06 RR1450301] FX We are thankful to the Microbiology Department of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal for helping with the antitubercular assay, and to the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad for providing the elemental analysis, 1H NMR and mass spectra of the compounds. Portions of molecular modeling work were funded at Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA by Centers for Diseases Control Cooperative Agreements U50/CCU18839 and UR3/CCU418652, and supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) MFGN INBRE RR016476 and NIH NCRR Facilities Improvement grant C06 RR1450301. NR 52 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 492 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.04.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 422DQ UT WOS:000264407800005 PM 18538450 ER PT J AU Malvick, D Grunwald, N Dyer, A AF Malvick, Dean K. Grunwald, Niklaus J. Dyer, Alan T. TI Population structure, races, and host range of Aphanomyces euteiches from alfalfa production fields in the central USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Medicago; AFLP; Population; Diversity; Legume; Root; Host ID ROOT-ROT; PHYTOPHTHORA-MEDICAGINIS; PISUM-SATIVUM; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; PEA; PATHOGENICITY; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE AB Aphanomyces euteiches (races 1 and 2) causes root rot of alfalfa; however, its population biology and distribution are poorly understood where alfalfa is a major crop. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterise the distribution and frequency of races of A. euteiches in Illinois alfalfa fields, (2) determine host range of A. euteiches on cultivated and native legumes, and (iii) to describe genetic diversity and population genetic structure of A. euteiches in alfalfa fields. To accomplish this, soil samples (n = 103) were collected from 30 alfalfa fields in 18 Illinois counties. Using the susceptible cv. 'Saranac', 148 isolates of A. euteiches were baited from the soil. The virulence phenotype of isolates representing all 18 counties was tested, and 54% were R1 and 46% were R2. Both races were detected in 61% of the counties, whereas only R1 was detected in 22% and R2 in 17%. Thirteen legume hosts for isolates from alfalfa fields were identified based on symptoms and/or production of oospores in roots. In addition to six previously known hosts, seven species were susceptible to infection: kura clover, purple prairie clover, white prairie clover, ladino clover, hairy vetch, Canadian milk vetch, and Illinois tick trefoil. AFLP analysis revealed high levels of genetic diversity among the isolates from different fields and counties and a lack of genetic structuring of populations based on race or geographical origin. The results suggest that populations of A. euteiches in alfalfa fields are diverse, often composed of races 1 and 2, and create risk for alfalfa and to multiple cultivated and native legume species. C1 [Malvick, Dean K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dyer, Alan T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Malvick, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dmalvick@umn.edu OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research FX We acknowledge the Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research for providing partial financial support to D. Malvick for this project. We thank M. Montez-Ellis, E. Grunden, G. Hoheisel and M. Larsen for excellent technical assistance. We also thank E. Adee, R. Bellm, B. Brink, D. Eplin, D. Feltes, O. Koester, J. Morrison, and M. Roegge for collection of soil samples. Parts of this research was done while D. Malvick was an Assistant Professor and A. Dyer was a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Crop Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10658-008-9354-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 389JA UT WOS:000262087500005 ER PT J AU Hartman, G Haudenshield, J AF Hartman, G. L. Haudenshield, J. S. TI Movement of Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust) spores by non-conventional means SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Quantitative PCR; Spore detection; Spore movement AB Soybean, caused by the rust fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most important foliar pathogen infecting soybean. Historically, the disease was important only in the Eastern Hemisphere, but since 1994 the disease has been reported in many countries in Africa and the Americas. In the U.S.A., soybean rust has been perceived as a threat to soybean production and monitoring of the disease occurs throughout the country where soybean is grown. The objectives of this study were to show conclusive evidence that soybean rust spores can be transported by non-conventional means such as clothing. The implication may affect how researchers approach monitoring this disease in research and sentinel plots. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.; Haudenshield, J. S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10658-008-9352-8 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 389JA UT WOS:000262087500010 ER PT J AU Warrington, DN Mamedov, AI Bhardwaj, AK Levy, GJ AF Warrington, D. N. Mamedov, A. I. Bhardwaj, A. K. Levy, G. J. TI Primary particle size distribution of eroded material affected by degree of aggregate slaking and seal development SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERRILL SOIL-EROSION; SIMULATED RAINFALL; CRUST FORMATION; WETTING RATE; ENERGY; RUNOFF; IMPACT; SLOPE; RILL; INFILTRATION AB Primary particle size distribution (PSD) of eroded sediment can be used to estimate potential nutrient losses from soil and pollution hazards to the environment. We studied eroded sediment PSDs from three saturated soils, packed in trays (20 x 40 x 4 cm), that had undergone either minimal aggregate slaking (MAS) or severe aggregate slaking (SAS) prior to a 60 mm simulated rainstorm (kinetic energy, 15.9 kJ m(-3); droplet diameter, 2.97 mm) and collected runoff at regular intervals. The degree of aggregate slaking was controlled by the rate at which soils were wetted to saturation. The PSDs of eroded materials and of parent soils were determined using a laser particle size analyser. For each soil, PSD frequency curves of eroded sediments and parent soils were generally of a similar shape but most eroded sediments had larger clay contents than their parent soils. In the SAS treatment, cumulative clay enrichment in the eroded materials was inversely related to the parent soil clay content, these being 28.5, 26.6 and 22.8% richer in clay than their parent soils for the loam, sandy clay and clay, respectively. Generally, total clay loss was greater from soils with SAS than from those with MAS because of erosion rates; however, clay enrichment of sediments, compared with parent soil clay contents, was mostly greater in samples with MAS. Greater clay enrichment took place during the early seal development stage in the loam, but could not readily be associated with specific stages of seal development for the clay. In the sandy clay, the relation between seal development and clay enrichment in the eroded material depended on the initial degree of aggregate slaking. The observed large preferential loss of clay by erosion in cultivated soils re-emphasizes the need to employ erosion control measures. C1 [Warrington, D. N.; Levy, G. J.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Soil Chem Plant Nutr & Microbiol, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Warrington, D. N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Mamedov, A. I.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, WERU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Bhardwaj, A. K.] Michigan State Univ, GLBRC, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Warrington, D. N.] MWR, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. RP Levy, GJ (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Soil Chem Plant Nutr & Microbiol, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vwguy@volcani.agri.gov.il FU Agricultural Research Organization; The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan [619/2006] FX Contributions from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel. No. 619/2006 series. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1351-0754 EI 1365-2389 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 60 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01090.x PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 395HR UT WOS:000262515700010 ER PT J AU Lupold, S Linz, GM Rivers, JW Westneat, DF Birkhead, TR AF Luepold, Stefan Linz, George M. Rivers, James W. Westneat, David F. Birkhead, Tim R. TI SPERM COMPETITION SELECTS BEYOND RELATIVE TESTES SIZE IN BIRDS SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Icteridae; New World Blackbirds; seminiferous tissue; sperm competition; sperm size; testis architecture ID EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOAL RESERVES; BLACKBIRDS AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; EXTRA-PAIR FERTILIZATIONS; MATING SYSTEM; BODY-SIZE; HYDROCHOERUS-HYDROCHAERIS; SPERMATOGENIC EFFICIENCY; SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM; PRIMARY DETERMINANT; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT AB Sperm morphology varies considerably across taxa, and postcopulatory sexual selection is thought to be one of the main forces responsible for this diversity. Several studies have investigated the effects of the variation in sperm design on sperm function, but the consequences of variation in sperm design on testis morphology have been overlooked. Testes size or architecture may determine the size of the sperm they produce, and selection for longer sperm may require concomitant adaptations in the testes. Relative testes size differs greatly between species and is often used as an index of sperm competition, but little is known about whether larger testes have more sperm-producing tissue or produce sperm at a faster rate. Using a comparative approach in New World Blackbirds (Icteridae), we found (1) a strong link between testis histology and sperm length, suggesting selection on testis architecture through selection on sperm size, and (2) that species under intense sperm competition had a greater proportion of sperm-producing tissue within their testes. These results support the prediction that sperm competition fosters adaptations in reproductive organs that extend beyond testes size, and raise questions about the trade-offs influencing reproductive investment. C1 [Luepold, Stefan] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Rivers, James W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Westneat, David F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Lupold, S (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM s.luepold@sheffield.ac.uk; george.m.linz@aphis.usda.gov; rivers@lifesci.ucsb.edu; biodfw@uky.edu; t.r.birkhead@sheffield.ac.uk RI Lupold, Stefan/C-2091-2012; OI Lupold, Stefan/0000-0002-5069-1992; Westneat, David/0000-0001-5163-8096 FU Leverhulme Trust; Janggen-Poehn Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation; Sheffield University ORS Award FX We are very grateful to the following institutions and individuals for providing specimens and/or help in the field: Bird Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Museo de La Plata Buenos Aires, Museo Miguel Lillo Tucuman, M. Avery, J. Homan, W. Janousek, P. Llambias, D. Ortiz, T. Pepps, R. Rehmeier, C. Ruiz, F. Ruiz, B. Sandercock, and C. Willis. S. Immler kindly provided her original Sylviidae dataset and phylogeny. We also thank C. Hill for technical advice on histology, R. Freckleton and S. Nakagawa for statistical advice, J. Wistuba, M. Luetjens, and J. Reboreda for insightful discussions, and S. Calhim, S. Immler, S. Pitnick, J. Wistuba, and two anonymous referees for useful comments on the manuscript. TRB was supported by the Leverhulme Trust, and SL by the Janggen-Poehn Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, and a Sheffield University ORS Award. NR 109 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 2009 VL 63 IS 2 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00571.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 405WD UT WOS:000263254000008 PM 19215291 ER PT J AU Winiecka-Krusnell, J Dellacasa-Lindberg, I Dubey, JP Barragan, A AF Winiecka-Krusnell, Jadwiga Dellacasa-Lindberg, Isabel Dubey, J. P. Barragan, Antonio TI Toxoplasma gondii: Uptake and survival of oocysts in free-living amoebae SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Protozoa; Apicomplexa; Toxoplasma gondii; Acanthamoeba spp.; Free-living amoebae; Waterborne infections; Transmission of Toxoplasma infection ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE BACTERIUM; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CLAMS CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; LATEX BEADS; WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; SEA OTTERS AB Waterborne transmission of the oocyst stage of Toxoplasma gondii can cause outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans and infection of marine mammals. In water-related environments and soil, free-living amoebae are considered potential carriers of various pathogens, but knowledge on interactions with parasitic protozoa remains elusive. In the present study, we assessed whether the free-living Acanthamoeba castellanii, due to its phagocytic activity, can interact with T. gondii oocysts. We report that amoebae can internalize T. gondii oocysts by active uptake. Intracellular oocysts in amoebae rarely underwent phagocytic lysis, retained viability and established infection in mice. Interaction of T. gondii with amoebae did not reduce the infectivity and pathogenicity of oocysts even after prolonged co-cultivation. Our results show that uptake of oocysts by A. castellanii does not restrain the transmission of T. gondii in a murine infection model. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Winiecka-Krusnell, Jadwiga; Dellacasa-Lindberg, Isabel; Barragan, Antonio] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Parasitol Mycol & Environm Microbiol, S-17182 Solna, Sweden. [Dellacasa-Lindberg, Isabel; Barragan, Antonio] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Ctr Infect Med, S-14186 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Winiecka-Krusnell, J (reprint author), Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Parasitol Mycol & Environm Microbiol, S-17182 Solna, Sweden. EM jadwiga.Winiecka-Krusnell@smi.se RI Barragan, Antonio/P-6278-2015 OI Barragan, Antonio/0000-0001-7746-9964 FU Swedish Research Council FX The study was supported in part by a grant from Swedish Research Council (to A.B.). NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 121 IS 2 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.09.022 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 397JL UT WOS:000262658900002 PM 18992742 ER PT J AU Russell, JB Muck, RE Weimer, PJ AF Russell, James B. Muck, Richard E. Weimer, Paul J. TI Quantitative analysis of cellulose degradation and growth of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rumen; cellulose digestion; bacterial growth; model ID FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES S85; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; RUMINAL FIBROLYTIC BACTERIA; FED CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; MAINTENANCE ENERGY; GENUS FIBROBACTER; MICROBIAL PROTEIN AB Ruminant animals digest cellulose via a symbiotic relationship with ruminal microorganisms. Because feedstuffs only remain in the rumen for a short time, the rate of cellulose digestion must be very rapid. This speed is facilitated by rumination, a process that returns food to the mouth to be rechewed. By decreasing particle size, the cellulose surface area can be increased by up to 10(6)-fold. The amount of cellulose digested is then a function of two competing rates, namely the digestion rate (K(d)) and the rate of passage of solids from the rumen (K(p)). Estimation of bacterial growth on cellulose is complicated by several factors: (1) energy must be expended for maintenance and growth of the cells, (2) only adherent cells are capable of degrading cellulose and (3) adherent cells can provide nonadherent cells with cellodextrins. Additionally, when ruminants are fed large amounts of cereal grain along with fiber, ruminal pH can decrease to a point where cellulolytic bacteria no longer grow. A dynamic model based on stella((R)) software is presented. This model evaluates all of the major aspects of ruminal cellulose degradation: (1) ingestion, digestion and passage of feed particles, (2) maintenance and growth of cellulolytic bacteria and (3) pH effects. C1 [Russell, James B.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Robert C Holley Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Russell, James B.; Muck, Richard E.; Weimer, Paul J.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Robert C Holley Res Ctr, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 114 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 10 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 67 IS 2 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00633.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 387OQ UT WOS:000261961900001 PM 19120465 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, cysteine proteinases: Cloning, characterisation and expression of cathepsin H and L SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; Cathepsin H; Cathepsin L; CTSH; CTSL ID ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE; PROTEASES; RECOGNITION; DEGRADATION; CELLS; TOOL AB The antigen recognition by the host immune system is a complex biochemical process that requires a battery of enzymes. Cathepsins are one of the enzyme superfamilies involved in antigen degradation. We observed the up-regulation of catfish cathepsin H and L transcripts during the early stage of Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in preliminary studies, and speculated that cathepsin H and L may play roles in infection. We identified, sequenced and characterized the complete channel catfish cathepsin H and L cDNAs, which comprised 1415 and 1639 nucleotides, respectively. The open reading frames of cathepsin H appeared to encode a protein of 326-amino acid residues, which that of cathepsin L encoded a protein of 336 amino acids. The degree of conservation of the channel catfish cathepsin H and L amino acid sequences in comparison to other species ranged from 61% to 77%, and 67% to 85%, respectively. The catalytic triad and substrate binding sites are conserved in cathepsin H and L amino acid sequences. The cathepsin L transcript was expressed in all tissues examined, while the cathepsin H was expressed in restricted tissues. These results provide important information for further exploring the roles of channel catfish cathepsins in antigen processing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 26 IS 2 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.010 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 421AH UT WOS:000264329800017 PM 19084602 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, CT Wang, CY AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Chi-Tsun Wang, Chien Y. TI The influence of light and maturity on fruit quality and flavonoid content of red raspberries SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant activity; Anthocyanins; Total phenolics; Flavonoids; Sugars; Organic acids; Rubus idaeus subsp. ID LYOPHILIZED BLACK-RASPBERRIES; RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; SCAVENGING CAPACITY; ABSORBING CAPACITY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; OXYGEN; COLOR; TUMORIGENESIS AB The effects of various fruit maturities and different light intensities on berry fruit quality, antioxidant capacity and phytonutrient levels in red raspberries (Rubus ideaus L.) were determined. At harvest, immature berries contained significantly lower levels of sugars and acids than ripe berries. When berries were harvested at 5% or 20% maturity, they never developed the levels of soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acid (TA) values observed in ripe berries at harvest. However, fruit harvested at 50% or more advanced maturity had the capacity of attaining comparable levels of SSC, TA and sugars as those harvested at 100% maturity. When 5% and 20% berries were stored under light, higher level of SSC and lower levels of TA values were observed than those kept in the dark. However, light condition showed little effect in 50% and 80% maturity fruit after 4 days at 24/16 degrees C (day/night). Ripe raspberries (100%) had stronger antioxidant activities and higher total anthocyanin content when compared with the pink stage (50% maturity). Fruit harvested at greener stages (5% and 20%) also consistently showed higher antioxidant activities and total phenolics than those harvested at 50%. Cyanindin-based anthocyanins increased during postharvest period. On the other hand. other polyphenols such as ellagic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin derivative, and kaempferol 3-glucuronide were initially present at high levels but decreased drastically during storage. Red raspberries harvested at different developmental stages continued their development during storage even under the dark conditions. The antioxidant activity of red raspberries was directly related to the total amount of phenolics and flavonoids. Results of this study indicate that red raspberries harvested at 50% or more advanced maturity could develop comparable quality and antioxidant levels as those harvested at full maturity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Chi-Tsun; Wang, Chien Y.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 76 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 112 IS 3 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.032 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358WB UT WOS:000259947100025 ER PT J AU Gunther, NW Chen, CY AF Gunther, Nereus W., IV Chen, Chin-Yi TI The biofilm forming potential of bacterial species in the genus Campylobacter SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; Biofilm; Persistence ID JEJUNI; SURVIVAL; PATHOGEN; COLI; PERIODONTITIS; UPSALIENSIS; SALMONELLA; BACTEREMIA; SPUTORUM; RECTUS AB The biofilm forming abilities of 16 strains representative of 14 of the 16 species comprising the genus Campylobacter were determined on glass, stainless steel, and polystyrene plastic. The formation of biofilms has been suggested as a means by which Campylobacter is able to persist within an inhospitable environment. Of the eight microaerophilic Campylobacter species, including two strains each of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus, only C. jejuni strain 81-176 reliably produced a visible biofilm on multiple surfaces, Alternately, all six strains of the anaerobic Campylobacter species reliably produced visible biofilms on multiple surfaces. Electron micrographs of the individual biofilms showed relatively homogeneous biofilms produced by the anaerobic strains, while the microaerophilic C. jejuni strain 81-176 produced a biofilm containing similar quantities of both the spiral and coccoid forms. This survey suggests a difference in the biofilm forming potentials and the morphologies of the bacteria comprising the biofilms between anaerobic and microaerophilic Species Of Campylobacter. Additionally, differences observed in the biofilm forming ability of two strains of C. jejuni suggest the need for a further investigation of the biofilm forming potential of this species using a larger number of strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gunther, Nereus W., IV; Chen, Chin-Yi] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gunther, NW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jack.gunthcr@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2008.07.012 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 387AT UT WOS:000261924800009 PM 19028304 ER PT J AU Kaganzi, E Ferris, S Barham, J Abenakyo, A Sanginga, P Njuki, J AF Kaganzi, Elly Ferris, Shaun Barham, James Abenakyo, Annet Sanginga, Pascal Njuki, Jemimah TI Sustaining linkages to high value markets through collective action in Uganda SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Potato; High value markets; Collective action; Innovation; Competitiveness ID PRODUCTIVITY; RESOURCES AB Uganda's rapid urbanization offers new market opportunities for smallholder farmers to supply higher Value markets such as supermarket chains and fast-food restaurants. Supplying these formal outlets offers higher incomes but accessing and maintaining links to these markets requires significant upgrading in terms of product quality and business management. To meet these conditions farmers need to become more organized which requires increased levels of social capital, to strengthen internal and external relations with group members, service providers and market chain actors. One farmers' group in south-western Uganda has successfully sustained sales of potatoes to a fast-food outlet in Kampala. Farmers had to learn a series of new skills and integrate multiple technical, organizational, financial and marketing innovations. This paper outlines how collective action combined with strong leadership and an iterative market-led learning process enabled a smallholder farmers' association to meet the considerable challenges of achieving the stringent quality parameters of a modern food outlet. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferris, Shaun] Catholic Relief Serv, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kaganzi, Elly] CHF Int, Kigali, Rwanda. [Barham, James] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Abenakyo, Annet; Njuki, Jemimah] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Kampala, Uganda. [Sanginga, Pascal] IDRC, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Ferris, S (reprint author), Catholic Relief Serv, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM sferris@crs.org NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.004 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 409UR UT WOS:000263531800004 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Nava, RG Berrios, JD Pan, J Osorio-Diaz, P Bello-Perez, LA AF Hernandez-Nava, R. G. Berrios, J. De J. Pan, J. Osorio-Diaz, P. Bello-Perez, L. A. TI Development and Characterization of Spaghetti with High Resistant Starch Content Supplemented with Banana Starch SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE spaghetti; banana starch; resistant starch; sensory evaluation ID COOKING QUALITY; FLOUR; BUCKWHEAT; DURUM; GREEN; WHEAT; BRAN AB Spaghetti developed by substituting semolina with 5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/w) banana starch were evaluated by specific physical and chemical parameters such as chemical composition, resistant starch (RS) content, diameter, bulk density, color, cooked weight, cooking loss, and firmness. They were also evaluated by their sensory attributes. In general, the addition of banana starch promoted a dilution effect on protein, lipid, and ash content, while moisture content was not affected. On the other hand, the content of RS significantly increased (p<0.05) with an increase of banana starch in the spaghetti. Spaghetti containing 5 and 10% of banana starch had similar diameter than the control spaghetti, but the diameter of spaghetti with 15 and 20% banana starch were significantly lower (p<0.05). The bulk density values of spaghetti with banana starch were all similar and not different from the control spaghetti. The values of Delta L* indicated that the color of spaghetti containing banana starch was darker than the control at all levels of substitution, while the values of Delta C* indicated that only spaghetti containing banana starch in the range of 10-20% was less saturated than the control. The evaluation of cooking quality demonstrated that the cooked weight of spaghetti containing banana starch was similar to the control, but their cooking loss was significantly higher and their firmness significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control. However, the values of cooking loss and firmness were in the acceptable range for good quality pasta. Sensory evaluation of the product showed that the addition of banana starch improved the acceptability of the spaghetti. The overall result of this study shows that spaghetti with up to 15% of banana starch addition could have great potential for commercial acceptability as a functional food with high levels of healthy RS. C1 [Hernandez-Nava, R. G.; Osorio-Diaz, P.; Bello-Perez, L. A.] IPN, Ctr Desarrollo Prod Biot, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. [Berrios, J. De J.; Pan, J.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bello-Perez, LA (reprint author), IPN, Ctr Desarrollo Prod Biot, Km 8-5 Carr Yautepec Jojutla,Colonia San Isidro,P, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. EM labellop@ipn.mx NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1082-0132 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT JI Food Sci. Technol. Int. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1177/1082013208102379 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 449ML UT WOS:000266334600009 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. TI Statistical Power of Intervention Analyses: Simulation and Empirical Application to Treated Lumber Prices SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autoregression; cointegration; pine; regulations; time series ID TIME-SERIES; AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS; UNIT-ROOT; COINTEGRATION; HYPOTHESIS AB Timber product markets are subject to large shocks deriving from natural disturbances and policy shifts. Statistical modeling of shocks is often done to assess their economic importance. In this article, I simulate the statistical power of univariate and bivariate methods of shock detection using time series intervention models. Simulations show that bivariate methods are several times more statistically powerful than univariate methods when underlying series are nonstationary and potentially involved in cointegrating relationships. In an empirical application to detect the long-run price impacts of the voluntary phase-out of chromated copper arsenate in pressure-treating southern pine lumber for residential applications, I find the multivariate methods to be more powerful as well. I identify highly significant long-run price increases of 11% for two of three treated southern pine dimension lumber price series evaluated using multivariate approaches. The univariate method detected a long-run increase only for the third product, and the statistical significance was weak, although comparable, in magnitude to the first two products. FOR. SCI. 55(1):48-63. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 48 EP 63 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 407CN UT WOS:000263341300005 ER PT J AU Eskelson, BNI Hailemariam, T Barrett, TM AF Eskelson, Bianca N. I. Hailemariam, Temesgen Barrett, Tara M. TI Estimating Current Forest Attributes from Paneled Inventory Data Using Plot-Level Imputation: A Study from the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE moving average; weighted moving average; nearest neighbor imputation; missing panels ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION; COASTAL OREGON; UNITED-STATES; VARIABLES; GROWTH AB Information on current forest condition is essential to assess and characterize resources and to support resource management and policy decisions, The 1998 Farm Bill mandates the US Forest Service to conduct annual inventories to provide annual updates of each state's forest. In annual inventories, the sample size of 1 year (panel) is only a portion of the full sample and therefore the precision of the estimations for any given year is low. To achieve higher precision, the Forest Inventory and Analysis program uses a moving average (MA), which combines the data of multiple panels, as default estimator. The MA can result in biased estimates of current conditions and alternative methods are sought. Alternatives to MA have not yet been explored in the Pacific Northwest. Data from Oregon and Washington national forests were used to examine a weighted moving average (WMA) and three imputation approaches: most similar neighbor, gradient nearest neighbor, and randomForest (RF). Using the most recent measurements of the variables of interest as ancillary variables, RF provided almost unbiased estimates that were comparable to those of the MA and WMA estimators in terms of root mean square error. FOR. SCI. 55(1):64-71. C1 [Eskelson, Bianca N. I.; Hailemariam, Temesgen] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barrett, Tara M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Eskelson, BNI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bianca.eskelson@oregonstate.edu; hailemariam.temesgen@oregonstate.edu; tbarrett@fs.fed.us RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016 OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 407CN UT WOS:000263341300006 ER PT J AU Weiskittel, A Gould, P Temesgen, H AF Weiskittel, Aaron Gould, Peter Temesgen, Hailemariam TI Sources of Variation in the Self-Thinning Boundary Line for Three Species with Varying Levels of Shade Tolerance SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stochastic frontier analysis; stand dynamics; self-thinning; Douglas-fir; red alder; western hemlock; Pacific Northwest; stand density index ID STAND-DENSITY INDEX; -3/2 POWER RULE; DOUGLAS-FIR; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ALNUS-RUBRA; RED ALDER; BIOMASS; MODELS; REEVALUATION AB The species self-thinning boundary line has been widely analyzed with a variety of statistical techniques. Most previous studies in the forestry literature have reported that the relationship does not differ across a range of stand and site factors, but these studies have primarily used statistical techniques that make model fitting subjective or interpretation of covariate significance difficult. There is growing evidence that the use of stochastic frontier analysis is an effective statistical means for objectively fitting the species self-thinning boundary line, offering the opportunity to test the influence of additional covariates. Using extensive even-aged coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) data sets in the Pacific Northwest, we examined the assumption that the intercept and slope of the species self-thinning boundary line are insensitive to stand and site factors. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that site index, stand origin (natural versus planted), and purity (proportion of basal area in the primary species) significantly influenced the species self-thinning boundary line intercept for each of the species examined in this study. In Douglas-fir and western hemlock, the slope of the self-thinning boundary was also dependent on stand origin as well as site index in the case of Douglas-fir. Fertilization did not significantly influence the intercept or slope of the species self-thinning line for Douglas-fir and western hemlock. In addition, the inclusion of site aspect and dryness index marginally improved the red alder model of self-thinning, but neither site soil nor climatic variables improved the models for western hemlock and Douglas-fir. Thus, the species self-thinning boundary line can vary significantly among stands, and its variation is driven by several distinct factors; stochastic frontier analysis is an effective tool for identifying these factors. FOR. SCI. 55(1):84-93. C1 [Weiskittel, Aaron] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Gould, Peter] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Weiskittel, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aaron.weiskittel@umit.maine.edu; pgould@fs.fed.us; hailemariam.temesgen@oregonstate.edu NR 44 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 407CN UT WOS:000263341300008 ER PT J AU Kursar, TA Engelbrecht, BMJ Burke, A Tyree, MT El Omari, B Giraldo, JP AF Kursar, Thomas A. Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Burke, Amy Tyree, Melvin T. El Omari, Bouchra Giraldo, Juan P. TI Tolerance to low leaf water status of tropical tree seedlings is related to drought performance and distribution SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought resistance; dry season; hydraulic conductance; rainfall; water potential ID DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; MOIST FOREST; BETA-DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; CONDUCTANCE; SENSITIVITY; CAVITATION; GRADIENTS; PATTERNS; DIEBACK AB Habitat specialization models predict that adaptations to environmental conditions explain species distributions. In tropical rainforests, the ability of the seedlings to survive during drought has been shown to be a key determinant of species distributions. We hypothesize that differences among species in their tolerance to low tissue water status is the mechanism underlying differences in performance during drought. To test this hypothesis we quantified tolerance to low leaf water status for over 20 species from central Panama in screenhouse experiments using two different experimental approaches. Results from both approaches were highly correlated with each other. We found that tolerance to low leaf water status correlated with species drought performance in the field and with their distribution across a gradient of dry season length, with the more desiccation-tolerant species having higher survival in dry relative to irrigated conditions, and occurring in drier areas. These results support the hypothesis that, in tropical forests, tolerance to low tissue water status governs seedling performance during drought, as well as being a determinant of species distribution patterns. Lower tolerance to low leaf water status was correlated with greater stem hydraulic conductance. In addition, all species tested, including both desiccation-sensitive and desiccation-resistant species, showed similar losses of xylem conductance, about 80%, when near death. These results suggest that a principal mechanism by which desiccation leads to plant mortality is the loss of xylem conductivity. C1 [Kursar, Thomas A.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Kursar, Thomas A.; Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J.; Burke, Amy; Tyree, Melvin T.; El Omari, Bouchra; Giraldo, Juan P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Tyree, Melvin T.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RP Kursar, TA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM kursar@biology.utah.edu RI Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; USDA Forest Service FX Authors thank N. Anaya, M. Rios, G. Rivas, R. Perez, S. Aguilar, and T. Brenes-Arguedas for assistance with determining species distributions, D. Feener for statistical advice, J. Sperry for comments on the text and the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente of Panama for research and collection permits. The project was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the USDA Forest Service. NR 36 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01483.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395FQ UT WOS:000262510400010 ER PT J AU Horn, BW Ramirez-Prado, JH Carbone, I AF Horn, Bruce W. Ramirez-Prado, Jorge H. Carbone, Ignazio TI Sexual reproduction and recombination in the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus parasiticus SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Biological control; Genetic recombination; Heterothallism; Petromyces; Sexual reproduction; Vegetative compatibility ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; MATING-TYPE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; GENE-CLUSTER; A-TAMARII; EVOLUTION; LOCI; INCOMPATIBILITY AB The fungal phylum Ascomycota comprises a large proportion of species with no known sexual stage, despite high genetic variability in field populations. One such asexual species, Aspergillus parasiticus, is a potent producer of carcinogenic and hepatotoxic aflatoxins, polyketide-derived secondary metabolites that contaminate a wide variety of agricultural crops. In this study, individuals of A. parasiticus from a population showing an evolutionary history of recombination were examined for sexual reproduction. Crosses between strains with opposite mating-type genes MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 resulted in the development of ascospore-bearing ascocarps embedded within stromata. Sexually compatible strains belonged to different vegetative compatibility groups. Recombination through the independent assortment of chromosomes 3 and 6 was detected using loci for mating type, aflatoxin gene cluster, and a protein-encoding gene. Our discovery of the sexual stage in A. parasiticus has important implications for current biological control strategies using nontoxigenic strains to reduce aflatoxin contamination in crops. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramirez-Prado, Jorge H.; Carbone, Ignazio] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Horn, Bruce W.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Carbone, I (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ignazio_carbone@ncsu.edu RI Ramirez-Prado, Jorge/A-3012-2011 FU USDA [2005-35319-16126] FX We thank Rakhi Singh and Carolyn J. Cole for technical support in genotyping. We are grateful to Valerie Knowlton at the Center for Electron Microscopy (NC State University) for providing technical assistance with the SEM and Michael J. Munster (Department of Plant Pathology) for sectioning stromata and assistance with light microscopy. This work was supported by the National Research initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service to I.C. (Grant No. 2005-35319-16126). NR 46 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.11.004 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 407WU UT WOS:000263395800006 PM 19038353 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Horn, BW Dorner, JW AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Horn, Bruce W. Dorner, Joe W. TI Clustered genes involved in cyclopiazonic acid production are next to the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus flavus SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gene cluster; Aspergillus flavus; Cyclopiazonic acid; Aflatoxin; Dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase; Subtelomeric region; Afla-guard ID TURKEY X-DISEASE; SECTION FLAVI; PENICILLIUM-CYCLOPIUM; CLAVICEPS-PURPUREA; FLANKING REGIONS; BROILER-CHICKENS; UNITED-STATES; PARASITICUS; STRAINS; OCHRATOXIN AB Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an indole-tetramic acid mycotoxin, is produced by many species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. In addition to CPA Aspergillus flavus produces polyketide-derived carcinogenic aflatoxins. Aflatoxin biosynthesis genes form a gene cluster in a subtelomeric region. Isolates of A flavus lacking aflatoxin production due to the loss of the entire aflatoxin gene cluster and portions of the subtelomeric region are often unable to produce CPA, which suggests a physical link of genes involved in CPA biosynthesis to the aflatoxin gene cluster. Examining the subtelomeric region in A. flavus isolates of different chemotypes revealed a region possibly associated with CPA production. Disruption of three of the four genes present in this region predicted to encode a monoamine oxidase, a dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase, and a hybrid polyketide non-ribosomal peptide synthase abolished CPA production in an aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain. Therefore, some of the CPA biosynthesis genes are organized in a mini-gene cluster that is next to the aflatoxin gene cluster in A. flavus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Horn, Bruce W.; Dorner, Joe W.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.11.002 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 407WU UT WOS:000263395800007 PM 19038354 ER PT J AU Eizenga, GC Agrama, HA Lee, FN Jia, Y AF Eizenga, G. C. Agrama, H. A. Lee, F. N. Jia, Y. TI Exploring genetic diversity and potential novel disease resistance genes in a collection of rice (Oryza spp.) wild relatives SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Association mapping; Genetic diversity; Microsatellite; Oryza sativa; Oryza species; Quantitative trait loci; Simple Sequence Repeat ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; SHEATH BLIGHT RESISTANCE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SATIVA L.; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; INBRED LINES; SSR MARKERS AB Wild relatives of rice (Oryza spp.) are an important source of novel resistance (R-) genes for rice improvement. Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizotonia solani, and leaf blast, caused by Magnaportha oryzae, are major fungal diseases of rice worldwide. To identify novel R-genes, a group of Oryza spp. accessions represented by O. alta, O. australiensis, O. barthii, O. glaberrima, O. glumaepatula, O. latifolia, O. meridionolis, O. nivara, O. officinalis, and O. rufipogon, were evaluated for their reaction to leaf blast and sheath blight disease, and genotyped with 176 microsatellite (SSR) markers. Selected rice (O. sativa) accessions were included as reference. Cluster analysis performed with PowerMarker software using Rogers genetic distance and UPGMA, revealed most Oryza spp. accessions clustered with the same species or a closely related Oryza spp. Only a few Oryza spp. accessions grouped with the O. sativa accessions included as a reference. Analysis of this genotypic data in the software Structure revealed that the Oryza spp. accessions were assigned into eight different subpopulations and fit well into eight different backgrounds. Marker-trait associations between the SSR markers and disease reactions to blast and sheath blight were ascertained using the software TASSEL. Associations with blast disease were identified in ten different chromosomal regions and five of the ten were not located near known blast R-genes. Three associations were discovered with sheath blight disease and one was not near previously reported sheath blight QTL. These newly identified regions may represent novel R-genes that will be the basis future fine mapping studies. C1 [Eizenga, G. C.; Jia, Y.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, H. A.; Lee, F. N.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM georgia.eizenga@ars.usda.gov; hagrama@uark.edu; fnlee@uark.edu; yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board FX The excellent technical assistance of H. R. Refeld and Q. P. Ho in this research is acknowledged. Contributions of M. H. Jia, G. Miller and late M. A. Redus of the DB NRRC Genomics Core Facility to obtain the SSR marker data, are acknowledged. This research was supported in part by a grant from the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board that supported H. A. Agrama and H. R. Refeld. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10722-008-9345-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 428GH UT WOS:000264835500008 ER PT J AU Pollen-Bankhead, N Simon, A Jaeger, K Wohl, E AF Pollen-Bankhead, Natasha Simon, Andrew Jaeger, Kristin Wohl, Ellen TI Destabilization of streambanks by removal of invasive species in Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streambank stability; Riparian vegetation; Invasive species; Tamarisk; American Southwest ID ARID CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COHESIVE STREAMBEDS; NORTHERN PLAINS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; TREE ROOTS; EROSION; RIVER; REINFORCEMENT; ERODIBILITY AB As part of a study to investigate the causes-of channel narrowing and incision in Canyon de Chelly National Monument, the effects of Tamarisk and Russian-olive on streambank stability were investigated. In this study, root tensile strengths and distributions in streambanks were measured and used in combination with a root-reinforcement model, RipRoot, to estimate the additional cohesion provided to layers of each streambank. The additional cohesion provided by the roots in each 0.1-m layer ranged from 0 to 6.9 kPa for Tamarisk and from 0 to 14.2 kPa for Russian-olive. Average root-reinforcement values over the entire bank profile were 2.5 and 3.2 kPa for Tamarisk and Russian-olive, respectively. The implications of vegetation removal on bank stability and failure frequency were evaluated in two incised reaches by modeling bank-toe erosion and bank stability with and without vegetation. The effects of a series of 1.0- and 1.5-m-deep flows on bank-toe erosion, pore-pressure distributions, and bank stability were evaluated first. In addition, bank stability model runs were conducted using iterative modeling of toe erosion and bank stability using a discretized flow and groundwater record for one year. Results showed that the effects of root-reinforcement provided by Tamarisk and Russian-olive have a significant impact on bank-stability and bank-failure frequency. Because the bank materials are dominated by sands, cohesion provided by roots is significant to bank stability, providing an average 2.8 kPa of cohesion to otherwise cohesionless bank materials. Bank retreat rates at one site following vegetation removal have approximately doubled when compared to the control reach (from an approximate rate of 0.7-0.8 m/y between 2003 and 2006 to 1.85 m/y during the year modeled). Vegetation removal along the entire riparian corridor in Canyon de Chelly may lead to the introduction of significantly more sediment to the system through bank widening processes, although it is not known whether this change alone would be sufficient to cause a shift in channel morphology to the wide-braided channels that were once characteristic of this canyon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pollen-Bankhead, Natasha; Simon, Andrew] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Jaeger, Kristin; Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pollen-Bankhead, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM natasha.bankhead@ars.usda.gov; andrew.simon@ars.usda.gov; kljaeger@warnercnrcolostate.edu; ellenw@wamercnr.colostate.edu RI Jaeger, Kristin/I-2677-2012 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.07.004 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 386GU UT WOS:000261871100007 ER PT J AU David, GCL Bledsoe, BP Merritt, DM Wohl, E AF David, Gabrielle C. L. Bledsoe, Brian P. Merritt, David M. Wohl, Ellen TI The impacts of ski slope development on stream channel morphology in the White River National Forest, Colorado, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channel change; Mountain streams; Commercial ski resorts; Pool volume; Bank erosion; Colorado ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SURFACE TEXTURES; WESTERN CASCADES; BANK EROSION; OREGON; ROADS; BASINS; COLONIZATION; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS AB The combined influence of tree-clearing, road construction, snowmaking, and machine-grading can cause increased flow and sediment loads along streams in or adjacent to commercial ski resorts. These changes to stream channels can increase bank failures, bed material size, pool scour, and, in extreme cases, channel incision. We used field data from the White River National Forest in Colorado. which includes several major ski resorts, to test the hypothesis that ski slope development causes a significant difference in bank stability, undercut banks, fine sediment, wood load, pool residual depth, and particle size (D(84)) between the ski area project streams and reference streams. We further hypothesize that the changes in a stream are mitigated by the density and type of vegetation growing along the banks. A significant difference is defined as a project stream that is outside the range of variability of the reference streams. To test these hypotheses, we surveyed channel conditions, channel dimensions, and vegetation along 47 stream reaches (200-300 m in length). Twenty-four of these streams are within ski areas (project streams), either adjacent to or downstream from ski slopes. Twenty-three reference streams with very little to no development in their basins are used to define reference conditions of bank stability, bank undercutting, bank height, wood load, pool residual depth, sediment size, and vegetation structure. A combination of statistical techniques, including Principal Components Analysis and Classification and Regression Tree Analysis, was used to assess the controls on stream channel morphology and to analyze the differences between project and reference streams. Project streams that are significantly different than reference streams have a combination of a higher percentage of fine sediment, smaller pool residual depth, and higher percentage of unstable banks. The impacted project streams have bed material derived from granitic rocks and a lower density of understory vegetation. These results show the importance of considering vegetative and geologic influences on channel form and processes when assessing impacts of land use change. Roads and machine-grading have the most significant impact on the streams, causing bed fining and pool filling. These data and results will help in revising a forest management plan to provide guidelines for planning and development of ski areas on public lands. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [David, Gabrielle C. L.; Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Merritt, David M.] USDA Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fisheries & Wildlife Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP David, GCL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1482 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM gcldavid@lamar.colostate.edu; bbledsoe@engr.colostate.edu; dmmerritt@fs.fed.us; ellenw@wamercnr.colostate.edu FU USDA Forest Service FX We thank the USDA Forest Service, Mark Weinhold, and Greg Laurie for funding, field access, and logistical assistance. Numerous people helped in the field including Kevin Pilgrim, Teri Cancellor, Susan Alford, Veronica Aguirre, Anne Gaspar, and Tyler Kirkpatrick and we would like to thank all of them. Comments by Andrew Marcus and three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 BP 375 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.07.003 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 386GU UT WOS:000261871100008 ER PT J AU Wittig, VE Ainsworth, EA Naidu, SL Karnosky, DF Long, SP AF Wittig, Victoria E. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Naidu, Shawna L. Karnosky, David F. Long, Stephen P. TI Quantifying the impact of current and future tropospheric ozone on tree biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry: a quantitative meta-analysis SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; angiosperms; global change; gymnosperms; ozone fumigation; root-to-shoot ratio ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOREST TREES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; CHANGING CLIMATE; TREMBLING ASPEN; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; HYBRID POPLAR; O-3 AB The northern hemisphere temperate and boreal forests currently provide an important carbon sink; however, current tropospheric ozone concentrations ([O(3)]) and [O(3)] projected for later this century are damaging to trees and have the potential to reduce the carbon sink strength of these forests. This meta-analysis estimated the magnitude of the impacts of current [O(3)] and future [O(3)] on the biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry of trees representative of northern hemisphere forests. Current ambient [O(3)] (40 ppb on average) significantly reduced the total biomass of trees by 7% compared with trees grown in charcoal-filtered (CF) controls, which approximate preindustrial [O(3)]. Above- and belowground productivity were equally affected by ambient [O(3)] in these studies. Elevated [O(3)] of 64 ppb reduced total biomass by 11% compared with trees grown at ambient [O(3)] while elevated [O(3)] of 97 ppb reduced total biomass of trees by 17% compared with CF controls. The root-to-shoot ratio was significantly reduced by elevated [O(3)] indicating greater sensitivity of root biomass to [O(3)]. At elevated [O(3)], trees had significant reductions in leaf area, Rubisco content and chlorophyll content which may underlie significant reductions in photosynthetic capacity. Trees also had lower transpiration rates, and were shorter in height and had reduced diameter when grown at elevated [O(3)]. Further, at elevated [O(3)], gymnosperms were significantly less sensitive than angiosperms. There were too few observations of the interaction of [O(3)] with elevated [CO(2)] and drought to conclusively project how these climate change factors will alter tree responses to [O(3)]. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the carbon-sink strength of northern hemisphere forests is likely reduced by current [O(3)] and will be further reduced in future if [O(3)] rises. This implies that a key carbon sink currently offsetting a significant portion of global fossil fuel CO(2) emissions could be diminished or lost in the future. C1 [Wittig, Victoria E.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Long, Stephen P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Naidu, Shawna L.] Univ Illinois, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 190 ERML,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program FX The authors thank K. Bryant, K. Ciccodicola, L. Morrison and J. Woods for assistance in compiling the databases and current members of the Long Lab for useful discussions during the preparation of both the databases and manuscript. V.E.W is supported by a Graduate Research for the Environment Fellowship (GREF), part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program. Finally, we would like to acknowledge authors of primary data, without whose hard work and detailed reporting, this analysis would not have been possible. NR 53 TC 197 Z9 208 U1 11 U2 111 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 396 EP 424 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01774.x PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395FR UT WOS:000262510500010 ER PT J AU Liu, LL King, JS Booker, FL Giardina, CP Allen, HL Hu, SJ AF Liu, Lingli King, John S. Booker, Fitzgerald L. Giardina, Christian P. Allen, H. Lee Hu, Shuijin TI Enhanced litter input rather than changes in litter chemistry drive soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under elevated CO2: a microcosm study SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delta C-13; decomposition; DIN; EMMA; global change; MBC; MBN; new soil C; old soil C; stable isotope ID PAPER BIRCH COMMUNITIES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TREMBLING ASPEN; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; POPLAR PLANTATION; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; SUGAR MAPLE; LEAF-LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Elevated CO2 has been shown to stimulate plant productivity and change litter chemistry. These changes in substrate availability may then alter soil microbial processes and possibly lead to feedback effects on N availability. However, the strength of this feedback, and even its direction, remains unknown. Further, uncertainty remains whether sustained increases in net primary productivity will lead to increased long-term C storage in soil. To examine how changes in litter chemistry and productivity under elevated CO2 influence microbial activity and soil C formation, we conducted a 230-day microcosm incubation with five levels of litter addition rate that represented 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.4 and 1.8 x litterfall rates observed in the field for aspen stand growing under control treatments at the Aspen FACE experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA. Litter and soil samples were collected from the corresponding field control and elevated CO2 treatment after trees were exposed to elevated CO2 (560 ppm) for 7 years. We found that small decreases in litter [N] under elevated CO2 had minor effects on microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Increasing litter addition rates resulted in linear increase in total C and new C (C from added litter) that accumulated in whole soil as well as in the high density soil fraction (HDF), despite higher cumulative C loss by respiration. Total N retained in whole soil and in HDF also increased with litter addition rate as did accumulation of new C per unit of accumulated N. Based on our microcosm comparisons and regression models, we expected that enhanced C inputs rather than changes in litter chemistry would be the dominant factor controlling soil C levels and turnover at the current level of litter production rate (230 g C m(-2) yr(-1) under ambient CO2). However, our analysis also suggests that the effects of changes in biochemistry caused by elevated CO2 could become significant at a higher level of litter production rate, with a trend of decreasing total C in HDF, new C in whole soil, as well as total N in whole soil and HDF. C1 [Liu, Lingli; King, John S.; Allen, H. Lee] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Hu, Shuijin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, PSW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Liu, LL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lingliliu@hotmail.com RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62125]; Michigan Technological University [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven National Laboratory; US Forest Service Northern Global Change Program; North Central Research Station; Michigan Technological University; Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service; USDA NRI Competitive Grants Program [2001-35107-11262, 2004-35102-16723]; USDA Forest Service; Northern Institute of Applied Carbon Science; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Graduate School of North Carolina State University; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. FX We thank Dr Cong Tu's detailed and constructive suggestions during the microbial and soil C analysis process. Aspen FACE is principally supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62125 to Michigan Technological University, and Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to Brookhaven National Laboratory, the US Forest Service Northern Global Change Program and North Central Research Station, Michigan Technological University, and Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service. Additional support provided by USDA NRI Competitive Grants Program Nos. 2001-35107-11262 and 2004-35102-16723, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, the Northern Institute of Applied Carbon Science, the Pacific Southwest Research Station, the Graduate School of North Carolina State University, and the Research Participation Program at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 15 U2 116 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 441 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01747.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395FR UT WOS:000262510500012 ER PT J AU Houliston, RS Bernatchez, S Karwaski, MF Mandrell, RE Jarrell, HC Wakarchuk, WW Gilbert, M AF Houliston, R. Scott Bernatchez, Stephane Karwaski, Marie-France Mandrell, Robert E. Jarrell, Harold C. Wakarchuk, Warren W. Gilbert, Michel TI Complete chemoenzymatic synthesis of the Forssman antigen using novel glycosyltransferases identified in Campylobacter jejuni and Pasteurella multocida SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION CLONING; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; SYNTHETASE; STRAIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We have identified an alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (CgtD) and a beta 1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (CgtE) in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) locus of Campylobacter jejuni LIO87. Strains that carry these genes may have the capa- bility of synthesizing mimics of the P blood group antigens of the globoseries glycolipids. We have also identified an alpha 1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (Pm1138) from Pasteurella multocida Pm70, which is involved in the synthesis of an LOS-bound Forssman antigen mimic and represents the only known bacterial glycosyltransferase with this specificity. The genes encoding the three enzymes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as soluble recombinant proteins that can be used to chemoenzymatically synthesize the Forssman antigen, and its biosynthetic precursors, in high yields. C1 [Houliston, R. Scott; Bernatchez, Stephane; Karwaski, Marie-France; Jarrell, Harold C.; Wakarchuk, Warren W.; Gilbert, Michel] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Mandrell, Robert E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Gilbert, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM michel.gilbert@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca OI Wakarchuk, Warren/0000-0002-1539-1679 FU The Human Frontier Science Program [RGP 38/2003]; NEOSE Technologies, Horsham, PA, USA FX The Human Frontier Science Program (RGP 38/2003) and NEOSE Technologies, Horsham, PA, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1093/glycob/cwn117 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 388CD UT WOS:000261997000007 PM 18955372 ER PT J AU Reed, SM Rinehart, TA AF Reed, Sandra M. Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Simple-sequence Repeat Marker Analysis of Genetic Relationships within Hydrangea paniculata SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; molecular markers; panicle hydrangea AB Genetic diversity studies using 26 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers were conducted with 36 cultivars, breeding lines, and wild-collected accessions of Hydrangea paniculata Sieb. The SSR markers were highly variable among the genotypes, producing a mean of 5.8 alleles per marker. Three cultivars (Boskoop, Compact Grandiflora, and Webb) were either identical to or sports of the popular cultivar Grandiflora. The name 'Pee Wee' appears to have been applied to two phenotypically different compact forms of H. paniculata, one of which seems to he a sport of 'Tardiva;, whereas the other is likely derived front 'Grandiflora'. No close genetic similarity was observed among several cultivars front a long-term Belgium breeding program, although many had one parent in common. Early-flowering genotypes clustered separately front genotypes that flower in midsummer. but close (genetic relationships were not observed among early-flowering cultivars. Two genotypes from Taiwan were genetically similar but were distinctly different from the Japanese genotypes. These, along with the early-flowering genotypes and a new collection from Japan, may represent unexploited sources of germplasm for improvement of H. paniculata. C1 [Reed, Sandra M.] Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA ARS, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA ARS, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM Sandra.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 398BV UT WOS:000262707200007 ER PT J AU Wood, BW AF Wood, Bruce W. TI Mechanical Hedge Pruning of Pecan in a Relatively Low-light Environment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternate bearing; flowering; hedging; irregular bearing; mechanization; profit; production; pruning; quality; yield ID TREES; GROWTH AB Long-term productivity of commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] enterprises in relatively low-light environments such as the southeastern(ern United States are limited by excessive tree crowding as orchards age. An effective horticultural strategy for countering this problem in relatively high-light environments is mechanical hedge-type pruning; however, uncertainty persists regarding the best strategies in low-light environments. This report describes the results of a 4-year study regarding the response of approximate to 25-year-old 'Desirable' pecan trees to different mechanical hedgeroy-type, moderate canopy width (i.e., 2.43-m cuts from tree axis) pruning strategies. Canopy treatments were nonpruned control (NPC), annual dormant season side-hedge pruning on two faces, annual summer season side-hedge pruning on two faces, and alternating annual dormant season side-hedge pruning on a single alternating face. Relative to the NPC treatment, all three pruning strategies: 1) reduced in-shell nut yields by roughly 19% to 38%; 2) reduced marketable nut-meat yield by approximate to 19% to 16%,; 3) failed to stimulate shoot development or fruiting within the central interior zone of tree canopies; 4) increased kernel percentage of nuts; 5) increased nut-meat grade; 6) substantially reduced alternate bearing, intensity (l = 0.51 to approximate to 0.20); and 7) reduced orchard crowding. Pruning-associated reductions in nut yield appear sufficient to limit the commercial usefulness of annual or biennial mechanical hedgerow-type pruning of 'Desirable' pecan orchards at moderate canopy widths in relatively low-light environments such as the southeastern United States. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bruce.wood@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 398BV UT WOS:000262707200016 ER PT J AU Valdez-Aguilar, LA Grieve, CM Poss, J Mellano, MA AF Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A. Grieve, Catherine M. Poss, James Mellano, Michael A. TI Hypersensitivity of Ranunculus asiaticus to Salinity and Alkaline pH in Irrigation Water in Sand Cultures SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flower fields; salinity; sprouting percentage; tuberous root; water quality; water reuse ID MINERAL-NUTRITION; SALT TOLERANCE; TOMATO PLANTS; GROWTH; CALCIUM; DORMANCY; STRESS; ACCUMULATION; CULTIVATION; WASTEWATERS AB Ranunculus, grown as a field crop in southern and central coastal California, is highly valued in the cut flower and tuberous root markets. However, concerns regarding, the sustainability of ranunculus cultivation have arisen when the plantations are irrigated with waters of marginal quality because the viability of the tuberous roots may be compromised. A study was initiated to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation waters, with and without pH control, on the growth of plants and tuberous roots of ranunculus. Treatments consisted of four irrigation water solutions with increasing concentration of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), SO(4)(2-), and Cl(-) to meet all electrical conductivity (EC) of 2, 3, 4, and 6 dS.m(-1) anti pH 6.4. The 3, 4, and 6 dS.m(-1) solutions were replicated with uncontrolled pH, which averaged 7.8 over the trial. Ranunculus 'Yellow ASD' and 'Pink CTD' seedlings were transplanted into greenhouse sand tanks and irrigated twice daily with treatment solutions. Shoot dry weight of plants irrigated with 2 dS.m(-1) solutions was 7.20 g and 6.66 g in 'Yellow ASD' and 'Pink CTD', respectively; however, increasing EC from 2 to 3 dS-m(-1) induced an 831,4) and 781'% decrease, respectively. Tuberous root fresh weight of control plants, 7.45 g and 8.42 g for 'Yellow ASD' and 'Pink CDT', respectively, was decreased by 82% and 89%) when EC was 6 dS-m-1. High pH of irrigation water caused an additional decrease in shoot dry weight and tuberous root weight. In control plants, 83% and 76% of tuberous roots of 'Yellow ASD' and 'Pink CTD', respectively, that were transplanted in the following season produced new shoots; however, tuberous roots sprouting percentage from plants irrigated with EC 4 dS.m(-1) water decreased to 42.9% and 58.3% and to 11.1% and 45.0% with EC 6 dS.m(-1). The hype rsensitivity of ranunculus to salinity was associated with a significant decrease in Ca(2+) and K(+) tissue concentration. In 'Yellow ASD', Ca(2+) decreased from 202 mmol.kg(-1) in control plants to 131) mmol.kg(-1) in plants irrigated with 3 dS.m(-1) solutions and pH 6.4. In 'Pink CTD', the decrease was from 198 mmol.kg(-1) to 166 mmol.kg(-1). Potassium was similarly affected. Compared with control plants (405 mmol.kg(-1)), shoot Na(+) concentration was increased by 101% in 'Yellow ASD' and by 125% in 'Pink CTD' when irrigated with 6 dS.m(-1) water. Salt sensitivity of ranunculus, as determined by growth of the flowering stems and viability of the tuberous roots, was increased by irrigation with alkaline waters, which was associated with additional increases in Na(+) and Cl- tissue concentration and decreased iron accumulation. Hypersensitivity to salinity makes ranunculus crop a poor candidate for water reuse systems; however, further research is warranted to elucidate the possibility of enhancing its tolerance to salinity by supplemental Ca(2+) and K(+) and acidification of irrigation water. C1 [Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A.; Grieve, Catherine M.; Poss, James] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Mellano, Michael A.] Mellano & Co, Oceanside, CA 92057 USA. RP Valdez-Aguilar, LA (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enr Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25253, Coahuila, Mexico. EM lavaldez@ciqa.mx RI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis/A-6668-2009; OI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A./0000-0002-2510-1962 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 138 EP 144 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 398BV UT WOS:000262707200029 ER PT J AU Bi, GH Evans, WB Fain, GB AF Bi, Guihong Evans, Williams B. Fain, Glenn B. TI Use of Pulp Mill Ash as a Substrate Component for Greenhouse Production of Marigold SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE media; peatmoss; growth index ID SOIL PROPERTIES; GROWTH; PEAT; COMPOST; AZALEA; PLANTS; MEDIA; MOSS AB Pulp mill ash was evaluated as a substrate component in the production of greenhouse-grown French marigold (Tagetes patula L. 'Janie Deep Orange'). Peat-based substrates (75:10:15 by volume blend of peatmoss, vermiculite, and perlite) amended with 0% to 50% (by volume) pulp mill ash were compared with a standard commercially available substrate. With the exception of an unfertilized control, each substrate blend contained 5.93 kg.m(-3) 14N-6.2P-11.6K (3- to 4-month release) and 0.89 kg.m(-3) Micromax. Substrates containing higher volumes of ash had finer particles, less air space, and more waterholding capacity than the commercial substrate. Bulk density increased with increasing ash volume, and substrate containing 50% ash had 120% greater bulk density than the commercial substrate. Substrates containing ash generally had higher pH and electrical conductivity (EC) than the commercial substrate with substrate pH and EC increasing with increasing ash volume. In general, marigold plants grown in peat-based substrates with the addition of 0% to 50% ash had similar growth indices, flower dry weights, numbers of flowers, and SPAD values as plants grown in commercial substrate; however, plants grown in substrates containing 30% to 50% ash had lower shoot dry weights or root quality ratings than plants grown in commercial substrate. Plant growth index, shoot dry weight, and root quality rating decreased with increasing ash volume. C1 [Bi, Guihong; Evans, Williams B.] Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch, Expt Stn, Clystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. [Fain, Glenn B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fain, Glenn B.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Bi, GH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch, Expt Stn, 2024 Expt Stn Rd,POB 231, Clystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. EM gb250@msstate.edu FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Special Research Initiative FX This work was funded by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Special Research Initiative. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 398BV UT WOS:000262707200036 ER PT J AU Widrlechner, MP AF Widrlechner, Mark P. TI H. Marc Cathey Death SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 220 EP 221 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 398BV UT WOS:000262707200047 ER PT J AU Riggan, PJ Hoffman, JW Brass, JA AF Riggan, Philip J. Hoffman, James W. Brass, James A. TI Estimating Fire Properties by Remote Sensing SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Contemporary knowledge of the role of fire in the global environment is limited by inadequate measurements of the extent and impact of individual fires. Observations by operational polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites provide an indication of fire occurrence but are ill-suited for estimating the temperature, area, or radiant emissions of active wildland and agricultural fires. Simulations here of synthetic remote sensing pixels comprised of observed high-resolution fire data together with ash or vegetation background demonstrate that fire properties including flame temperature, fractional area, and radiant-energy flux can best be estimated from concurrent radiance measurements at wavelengths near 1.6, 3.9, and 12 mu m. Successful observations at night may be made at scales to at least I km for the cluster of fire data simulated herein. During the daytime, uncertainty in the composition of the background and its reflection of solar radiation would limit successful observations to a scale of approximately 100 m or less. Measurements at three wavelengths in the long-wave infrared would be unaffected by reflected solar radiation and could be applied to separate flame properties in a binary system of flame and background. However, likely variation in the composition of the background and its temperature limit the approach to measurements that are of high resolution in relation to the scale of the flaming front. Alternative approaches using radiances at wavelengths near 4 and 12 mu m alone must fail absent a correction for the background, yet the correction is made imprecise by uncertainty in composition of the background where it comprises more than one-third of a pixel. C1 [Riggan, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Hoffman, James W.] Space Instruments Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Brass, James A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Federal Airfield, CA 94035 USA. RP Riggan, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. FU Research Joint Venture Agreement; USDA Forest Service, International Programs; US Agency for International Development FX This research was supported by a Research Joint Venture Agreement between Space Instruments, Inc., and the Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service; by the USDA Forest Service, International Programs; and by the US Agency for International Development. Trade names, commercial products, and enterprises are mentioned solely for information. No endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture is implied. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 411VL UT WOS:000263681000002 ER PT J AU Li, HM Sun, L Mittapalli, O Muir, WM Xie, J Wu, J Schemerhorn, BJ Sun, W Pittendrigh, BR Murdock, LL AF Li, H. -M. Sun, L. Mittapalli, O. Muir, W. M. Xie, J. Wu, J. Schemerhorn, B. J. Sun, W. Pittendrigh, B. R. Murdock, L. L. TI Transcriptional signatures in response to wheat germ agglutinin and starvation in Drosophila melanogaster larval midgut SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect midgut; microvillus; structural changes; wheat germ agglutinin; starvation; transcription factor binding motif ID PLANT-LECTINS; HESSIAN FLY; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; BINDING-SITES; COWPEA WEEVIL; GENE FAMILY; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; SYSTEM AB One function of plant lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin is to serve as defences against herbivorous insects. The midgut is one critical site affected by dietary lectins. We observed marked cellular, structural and gene expression changes in the midguts of Drosophila melanogaster third instar larvae that were fed wheat germ agglutinin. Some of these changes were similar to those observed in the midguts of starved D. melanogaster. Dietary wheat germ agglutinin caused shortening, branching, swelling, distortion and in some cases disintegration of the midgut microvilli. Starvation was accompanied primarily by shortening of the microvilli. Microarray analyses revealed that dietary wheat germ agglutinin evoked differential expression of 61 transcripts; seven of these were also differentially expressed in starved D. melanogaster. The differentially transcribed gene clusters in wheat germ agglutinin-fed larvae were associated with (1) cytoskeleton organization; (2) digestive enzymes; (3) detoxification reactions; and (4) energy metabolism. Four possible transcription factor binding motifs were associated with the differentially expressed genes. One of these exhibited substantial similarity to MyoD, a transcription factor binding motif associated with cellular structures in mammals. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that wheat germ agglutinin caused a starvation-like effect and structural changes of midgut cells of D. melanogaster third-instar larvae. C1 [Li, H. -M.; Sun, L.; Schemerhorn, B. J.; Sun, W.; Pittendrigh, B. R.; Murdock, L. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Li, H. -M.; Sun, L.; Muir, W. M.; Pittendrigh, B. R.; Murdock, L. L.] Purdue Univ, MPRINT Mol Plant Resistance & Nematode Team, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mittapalli, O.] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Mol Ecol, Jena, Germany. [Xie, J.; Wu, J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Muir, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schemerhorn, B. J.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pittendrigh, BR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pittendr@illinois.edu FU USDA-ARS; Agricultural Research Programs of Purdue University; USDA CRIS [3602-22000-014D] FX This work was supported with funds provided to BRP by the USDA-ARS. HML was funded by two separate grants from Agricultural Research Programs of Purdue University to (1) BRP and (2) LLM and BRP. This work was also supported by USDA CRIS No. 3602-22000-014D. We thank Susan Balfe and Chia-Ping Huang for technical assistance. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00844.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 395HY UT WOS:000262516400003 PM 19196346 ER PT J AU Gillam, EH McCracken, GF Westbrook, JK Jensen, ML Balsley, BB AF Gillam, E. H. McCracken, G. F. Westbrook, J. K. Jensen, M. L. Balsley, B. B. TI Bats Aloft: Variation in Echolocation Call structure at High Altitudes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gillam2e@uregina.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E62 EP E62 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800246 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE McElwain, TF AF Suarez, Carlos E. McElwain, Terry F. TI Stable expression of a GFP-BSD fusion protein in Babesia bovis merozoites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexan; Babesia bovis; Merozoites; Elongation factor-1 alpha; Stable transfection; Electroporation; gfp-bsd; Green fluorescent protein; Blasticidin; Blasticidin-deaminase ID MALARIA PARASITES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INVITRO CULTIVATION; SELECTABLE MARKER; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSFECTION; GENOME; LOCUS; TRANSFORMATION; SELECTION AB Transfection has been a valuable technique for elucidating gene function in many pathogens. While transient transfection of Babesia spp. has been reported previously, stable integration of exogenous genes in Babesia has proven difficult, In this study, a plasmid was designed to target integration of a gfp-bsd gene into the Babesia bovis ef-1 alpha locus. Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes of the biologically cloned Mo7 strain were transfected by electroporation with either circular or linear plasmids and selected in cultures with varying amounts of blasticidin 24 h after electroporation. Several blasticidin-resistant B. bovis transfected cell lines emerged at different rates, ranging from 5 to 26 days after the start of selection. One transfected parasite line (1-2-124) was selected for further analysis based on a rapid growth rate and bright GFP fluorescence in the presence of a lethal concentration of blasticidin. Continued expression of the gfp-bsd fusion gene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR, Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy for longer than 9 months after electroporation. No plasmid or episomal DNA could be detected in this line, and plasmid recovery in Escherichia coli was unsuccessful. Southern blot results and sequencing of PCR amplicons flanking the putative insertion site are consistent with integration of at least one gfp-bsd cassette into the targeted ef-1 alpha locus in the transfected parasite line. Overall the results demonstrate, we believe for the first time, chromosomal integration and stable expression of a foreign gene in B. bovis. With the availability of the B. bovis genome, targeted stable transfection will provide a means to determine the role of specific genes in the biology, clinical disease and immunity of B. bovis, one of the three major tick-borne parasites that limit global livestock production. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Suarez, Carlos E.; McElwain, Terry F.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ces@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5348-32000-028-00D]; USAID [PCE-G-0098-0004300]; USDA [SCA58-5348-7-528, 5348-32000-028055] FX We acknowledge Paul Lacy, Jacob LaUghery, Edith Orozco, David Herndon, and Lupita Leyva for excellent technical support, Dr. Massaro Uetti and Dr. Christine Davitt for assistance with producing the images shown in Fig. 3, and Don Knowles, Carl Johnson, Will Goff, Wendy Brown, Lola Bartolome, Jessica Suarez, Monica Florin-Christensen, and Guy Palmer for helpful discussions and encouragement. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5348-32000-028-00D, USAID Grant PCE-G-0098-0004300, and USDA (SCA58-5348-7-528) agreement 5348-32000-028055. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.08.006 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 412FQ UT WOS:000263710000003 PM 18831975 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Ausman, LM Greenberg, AS Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Wang, Yan Ausman, Lynne M. Greenberg, Andrew S. Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet promotes diethylnitrosamine-initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis in rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; high fat; diethylnitrosamine; preneoplastic foci ID SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; REL/NF-KAPPA-B; CHEMICAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; MAP-KINASES; ACTIVATION; PATHWAY; PROTEIN; CASCADE; STRESS; CANCER AB It has been suggested that patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may have high risk for liver cancer. However, it is unknown whether high-fat diet (HFD) induced NASH promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats ware injected with a low dose of hepatic carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and then fed either Lieber-DeCarli control diet (CD) or HFD for 6 weeks. Liver histology and the hepatic placental form of glutathione S-transferase (P-GST) positive foci were examined. Expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B) were measured in the liver. Induction of lipid peroxidation end products (malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxynonenal) in liver and apoptotic hepatocytes were also assessed. Results showed that HFD-fed rats developed significantly higher incidence and multiplicity of P-GST positive foci along with more fat accumulation, infiltration of inflammatory cells and higher lipid peroxidation in the liver, when compared with rats fed the CD. This high prevalence of hepatic lesions in the liver was accompanied by greater PCNA expression and cyclinD1 protein concentration but little change in hepatocyte apoptosis. HFD feeding elevated hepatic phosphorylated ERK but reduced phosphorylated p38 when compared with the CD feeding. In addition, a significantly higher expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and nuclear NF-kappa B p65 protein were observed in HFD group than in CD group. These data clearly demonstrate that NASH induced by HFD promoted DEN-initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis, which was associated with elevated TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signaling and MAPK related hepatocyte proliferation. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 [Wang, Yan; Ausman, Lynne M.; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Yan; Ausman, Lynne M.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NIH [R01CA104932]; Tufts Cancer Center Pilot Project Award [004-08PP]; US Department of Agriculture [NO 1950-51000-064S] FX Grant sponsor NIH: Grant number: R01CA104932. Grant sponsor: Tufts Cancer Center Pilot Project Award: Grant number: 004-08PP. Grant sponsor: US Department of Agriculture: Grant number: NO 1950-51000-064S. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 124 IS 3 BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1002/ijc.23995 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 391AS UT WOS:000262205400005 PM 19004024 ER PT J AU Jin, T Liu, LS Zhang, H Hicks, K AF Jin, Tony Liu, LinShu Zhang, Howard Hicks, Kevin TI Antimicrobial activity of nisin incorporated in pectin and polylactic acid composite films against Listeria monocytogenes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Films; liquid egg; Listeria monocytogenes; nisin; orange juice; packaging; pectin; polylactic acids ID CALCIUM ALGINATE; QUALITY CHANGES; BEEF SURFACES; JUICE; INACTIVATION; COATINGS; GROWTH; PH; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS AB An extruded composite food packaging film containing pectin, polylactic acids (PLAs) and nisin was developed to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. The mechanical properties and surface structure of the film were also examined. Cells of L. monocytogenes were reduced by 2.1, 4.5 and 3.7 log units mL(-1) by the pectin plus PLA (pectin/PLA) film containing nisin (1000 IU mL(-1) of tested liquid) in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, liquid egg white and orange juice, respectively, after 48 h at 24 degrees C. Pectin played an important roll in embedding nisin into the film. The pectin/PLA film had a similar stiffness but lower tensile strength, elongation and fracture energy than the pure PLA film. These data suggested that nisin incorporated into the pectin/PLA film was an effective approach to reducing L. monocytogenes in a typical growth medium (e.g. BHI broth) as well as in foods (e.g. orange juice and liquid egg). C1 [Jin, Tony; Zhang, Howard] Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Liu, LinShu; Hicks, Kevin] Agr Res Serv, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Jin, T (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tony.jin@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01719.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 393CH UT WOS:000262348000012 ER PT J AU Jin, T Zhang, H Hermawan, N Dantzer, W AF Jin, Tony Zhang, Howard Hermawan, Nelda Dantzer, William TI Effects of pH and temperature on inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in liquid whole egg by pulsed electric fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Liquid egg; pulsed electric field; pH; Salmonella typhimurium DT104; temperature ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SUBLETHAL INJURY; PASTEURIZATION; KINETICS; HEAT; SENFTENBERG; ENTERITIDIS; INTENSITY AB Pulsed electric field (PEF) exposes a fluid or semi-fluid product to short pulses of high-energy electricity, which can inactivate microorganisms. The efficacy of PEF treatment for pasteurisation of liquid eggs may be a function of processing temperature. In this study, effects of PEF, temperature, pH and PEF with mild heat (PEF + heat) on the inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 cells in liquid whole egg (LWE) were investigated. Cells of S. typhimurium were inoculated into LWE pH adjusted to 6.6, 7.2 or 8.2 at 15, 25, 30 and 40 degrees C. The PEF field strength, pulse duration and total treatment time were 25 kV cm(-1), 2.1 mu s and 250 mu s respectively. Cells of S. typhimurium in LWE at pH 7.2 were reduced by 2.1 logs at 40 degrees C and 1.8 logs at 30 degrees C. The PEF inactivation of S. typhimurium cells at 15 or 25 degrees C was pH dependent. Heat treatment at 55 degrees C for 3.5 min or PEF treatment at 20 degrees C resulted in c. 1-log reduction of S. typhimurium cells. Combination of PEF + 55 degrees C achieved 3-log reduction of S. typhimurium cells and was comparable to the inactivation by the heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 3.5 min. With further development, PEF + heat treatment may have an advantage over high-temperature treatment for pasteurisation of liquid eggs. C1 [Jin, Tony; Zhang, Howard] Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hermawan, Nelda] Firmenich Indonesia, Jakarta 10150, Indonesia. RP Jin, T (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tony.jin@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01759.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 393CH UT WOS:000262348000018 ER PT J AU Steinberg, ER Nieves, M Ascunce, MS Palermo, AM Mudry, MD AF Ruth Steinberg, Eliana Nieves, Mariela Sofia Ascunce, Marina Maria Palermo, Ana Dolores Mudry, Marta TI Morphological and Genetic Characterization of Saimiri boliviensis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COII; cytogenetics; Saimiri; sperm morphology ID NEW-WORLD MONKEYS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENUS SAIMIRI; CEBUS-APELLA; PLATYRRHINI; PRIMATES; ALOUATTA; SCIUREUS AB The taxonomy of Saimiri is controversial because morphological characteristics, traditionally used for identification, are insufficient to distinguish species and subspecies. Genetic studies of specimens become relevant for captive management, especially considering their frequently unknown geographical origin. We analyzed phenotypic and genetic parameters in Saimiri spp. in Argentinean zoological gardens and biological stations to provide a more accurate taxonomic identification. We studied 27 males and 19 females of Saimiri spp. The cytogenetic analysis in mitotic metaphases corroborated a modal number of 2N = 44, XX/XY, and FN = 75 for males and FN = 76 for females. G- and C-bands, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the pelage coloration pattern of all the specimens corresponded to Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. We characterized for the first time the sperm cell morphology and morphometry (mean +/- SE): total length: 71.39 +/- 5.40 mu m; head length: 5.71 +/- 0.81 mu m; head width: 3.76 +/- 0.70 mu m; acrosome length: 3.70 +/- 0.82 mu m; midpiece length: 12.20 +/- 2.22 mu m. Researchers can use the characterization of the sperm morphology as another parameter for taxonomic identification that, together with cytogenetic and molecular ones, would allow a more precise identification of individual Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. C1 [Ruth Steinberg, Eliana; Nieves, Mariela; Sofia Ascunce, Marina; Dolores Mudry, Marta] UBA CONICET, Grp Invest Biol Evolut FCEyN, Lab 46, RA-2160 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sofia Ascunce, Marina] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Maria Palermo, Ana] CITEFA Juan Bautista Salle, RA-4397 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Steinberg, ER (reprint author), UBA CONICET, Grp Invest Biol Evolut FCEyN, Lab 46, 4To Piso,Pabellon 2,Ciudad Univ, RA-2160 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM steinberg@ege.fcen.uba.ar OI Steinberg, Eliana Ruth/0000-0001-9848-8638 FU MDM PIP-CONICET [2450, 5012]; UBACyT [X031, X107]; ERS Sigma Xi [3040277] FX All research reported here complied with appropriate national and institutional guidelines for the legal acquisition and use of laboratory animals and authorized study of wild animals. The authors adhered to the Guide for Care and Use of Experimental Animals as promulgated by the Canadian Council of Animal Care. We thank the head of the institutions that made possible the genetic studies presented here, the veterinarians who collaborated in the sampling of all specimens, and the caretakers of the subjects. We especially thank C. Galliari (Botanical and Zoological Garden, La Plata, Argentina), G. Zunino (EBCo Breeding Center, Corrientes, Argentina); J. Garcia (CEM Breeding Center, Chaco, Argentina), B. Carpinetti (ECAS Zoological and Breeding Center, La Plata, Argentina), M. Rivolta and M. Mas (Zoo Buenos Aires, Argentina), and G. Solis and A. Burna for their assistance in the management of the subjects, as well as M. Giordano (CITEFA), who provided valuable technical assistance with the ESEM. MDM PIP-CONICET 2450 and 5012, UBACyT X031 and X107, and ERS Sigma Xi 3040277 provided funding for this project. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0291 J9 INT J PRIMATOL JI Int. J. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10764-008-9328-8 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 404GN UT WOS:000263139300003 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Grisham, M Tew, T Triche, R Antoine, A AF Eggleston, Gillian Grisham, Michael Tew, Tom Triche, Ron Antoine, April TI Potential biomass quantity and sugar processing quality of trash and stalk tissues by different US sugarcane varieties SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ash; biomass; processing quality; starch; sugarcane tissues; total polysaccharides; trash ID CANE AB The effect of the world-wide change from burnt to unburnt "green" sugarcane harvesting on biomass and sugar processing has not been fully characterized, particularly quantity and quality differences among trash tissues. Whole-stalks from the first ratoon crop (12 months age) of five commercial Louisiana sugarcane varieties (LCP 85-384, HoCP 96-540, L 97-128, L 99-226, and L 99-233) with varying yield and harvest characteristics, including lodging and leaf sheath adherence, were harvested mid-season. Four sample tissues from four replicates were collected: brown, dry leaves (BL), green leaves (GL), growing point region (GPR) or apical internodes, and stalk (S). Juice was extracted from each tissue type. Total trash on a wet weight basis (GPR + GL + BL) ranged from 16.4 to 19.8% with variety and generally reflected leaf sheath adherence. Over one third (av. 36.3%) of the total dry biomass from sugarcane was from the trash, with GL delivering the most biomass of all the trash tissues. A strong negative correlation (R(2) = -0.909) existed between ash in the BL and S juices which suggests that before BL fell from the field stalk, soluble inorganic nutrients were re-assimilated back into the S. Thus, even though varieties ability to "self-remove" or "shuck" BL in the field before harvesting is a minor selection criterion in breeding programs, there may be no overall loss in inorganic nutrients being delivered to the factory. Starch concentrations (ppm/Brix) in the S were low, but when calculated on a percent tissue wet wt basis it was observed that the S delivers a considerable amount of the starch to the factory just because of its much higher weight than other tissues. Therefore, the impact of starch in stalks delivered to the factory should not be underestimated. On a percent tissue wet wt basis, S and GL delivered the most total soluble polysaccharides to the factory. A significant correlation (R(2) = 0.63, P<.05) only existed between starch and total polysaccharides in the GL tissue, indicating other polysaccharides than starch are predominant in S, GPR, and BL. This study should now be repeated across the processing season to ascertain the full effect of maturity and environmental conditions on the quantity and quality of biomass and sugar processing parameters. C1 [Eggleston, Gillian; Antoine, April] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Grisham, Michael; Tew, Tom] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Triche, Ron] SPRI, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov FU American Sugar Cane League FX The authors thank Mr. Eldwin St. Cyr, Ms. Kathy Warnke, and Ms. Jerri Maggio for excellent technical assistance, and Windell Jackson for useful discussions. The staff of the juice laboratory at USDA Ardoyne farm in Houma are gratefully acknowledged, as well as the American Sugar Cane League for funding of this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1322 BP 108 EP 118 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 406QJ UT WOS:000263309700022 ER PT J AU O'Donoghue, EJ Roberts, MJ Key, N AF O'Donoghue, Erik J. Roberts, Michael J. Key, Nigel TI Did the Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act Alter Farm Enterprise Diversification? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural risk management; diversification; federal crop insurance; Q12; Q18 AB We estimate how much United States farms changed enterprise diversification in response to a marked increase in crop insurance coverage brought about by the 1994 Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act, which substantially increased insurance subsidies. The analysis exploits farm-level panel census data to compare farm-specific changes in enterprise diversification over time. By examining diversification decisions of the same farms over time, we control for time-invariant unobserved individual heterogeneity. We then use pooled cross-sectional data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Resource Management Survey to estimate the relationship between farm diversification and average returns. We find that the insurance subsidies caused a modest increase in enterprise specialisation and production efficiency. Estimated efficiency gains are far less than the subsidies. C1 [O'Donoghue, Erik J.; Roberts, Michael J.; Key, Nigel] USDA, ERS, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP O'Donoghue, EJ (reprint author), USDA, ERS, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eo'donoghue@ers.usda.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 60 IS 1 BP 80 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.2008.00166.x PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 391JT UT WOS:000262230300005 ER PT J AU Chung, S Champagne, ET AF Chung, S. Champagne, E. T. TI Ferulic Acid Enhances IgE Binding to Peanut Allergens in Western Blots SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Chung, S.; Champagne, E. T.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 735 BP S192 EP S192 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.727 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301208 ER PT J AU Dyer, SA Nesbit, JB Cheng, H Bahana, SL Maleki, SJ AF Dyer, S. A. Nesbit, J. B. Cheng, H. Bahana, S. L. Maleki, S. J. TI Contribution of Chemical Modifications and Structural Epitopes to IgE binding by Ara h 3 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Dyer, S. A.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Nesbit, J. B.; Cheng, H.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Bahana, S. L.] Louisiana State Univ, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 948 BP S245 EP S245 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.945 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301420 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Kado, R AF Maleki, S. J. Kado, R. TI Contribution of Structure to IgE Binding by Ara h 2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Maleki, S. J.; Kado, R.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 108 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1063 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300119 ER PT J AU Nesbit, JB Maleki, SJ AF Nesbit, J. B. Maleki, S. J. TI Structural and Chemical Modifications are Important in IgE binding to Ara h 1 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Nesbit, J. B.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 966 BP S249 EP S249 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.963 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301438 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, T. L. Congleton, J. L. TI Effect of dietary alpha-tocopherol plus ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; pro-oxidants; lipid peroxidation; antioxidants; parr-smolt transformation ID VITAMIN-C SOURCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIPID-COMPOSITION; SALAR L; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; PEROXIDE VALUES; RAINBOW-TROUT; FREE-RADICALS; FOOD LIPIDS; ANTIOXIDANT AB A three-variable central composite design coupled with surface-response analysis was used to examine the effects of dietary alpha-tocopherol + ascorbic acid (TOCAA), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) on indices of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon. Each dietary factor was tested at five levels for a total of fifteen dietary combinations (diets). Oxidative damage in liver and kidney (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls) and erythrocytes (erythrocyte resistance to peroxidative lysis, ERPL) was determined after feeding experimental diets for 16 (early December) and 28 (early March) weeks. Only TOCAA influenced oxidative stress in this study, with most measures of oxidative damage decreasing (liver lipid peroxidation in December and March; ERPL in December; liver protein carbonyl in March) with increasing levels of TOCAA. We also observed a TOCAA-stimulated increase in susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidative lysis in March at the highest levels of TOCAA. The data suggest that under most circumstances a progressive decrease in oxidative stress occurs as dietary TOCAA increases, but higher TOCAA concentrations can stimulate oxidative damage in some situations. Higher levels of TOCAA in the diet were required in March than in December to achieve comparable levels of protection against oxidative damage, which may have been due to physiological changes associated with the parr-smolt transformation. Erythrocytes appeared to be more sensitive to variation in dietary levels of TOCAA than liver and kidney tissues. Using the March ERPL assay results as a baseline, a TOCAA level of approximately 350-600 mg/kg diet would provide adequate protection against lipid peroxidation under most circumstances in juvenile Chinook salmon. C1 [Welker, T. L.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Congleton, J. L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Geological Survey; Department of Fish and Wildlife at the University of Idaho FX We thank Dr. Ron Hardy, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho and Director of the Aquaculture Research Institute, Hagerman, Idaho, for help with diet preparation. We are also grateful to the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey, and the Department of Fish and Wildlife at the University of Idaho for funding and support. Chhorn Lim, AAHRU, USDA, ARS, Auburn, AL and Menghe Li, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS made many helpful comments for improvement of this manuscript. A number of people helped with various technical aspects of this study, including Joe Evavold, Boling Sun, Bill LaVoie, Mark Morasch, and Tim Welker. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 392NB UT WOS:000262308300003 PM 19386004 ER PT J AU Kuehn, LA Nonneman, DJ Klindt, JM Wise, TH AF Kuehn, L. A. Nonneman, D. J. Klindt, J. M. Wise, T. H. TI Genetic relationships of body composition, serum leptin, and age at puberty in gilts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estrus; leptin; leptin receptor; puberty; single nucleotide polymorphism; swine ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN GENE; CORRELATED RESPONSE; BACKFAT THICKNESS; OVULATION RATE; LEAN GROWTH; LITTER SIZE; REPRODUCTION; SWINE; SELECTION AB Leptin produced by adipocytes acts through leptin receptors in the hypothalamus to control appetite and food intake and thus communicates information about degree of fatness. It is thought that a degree of body fat is required for initiation of puberty and maintenance of reproductive function in mammals. The objective of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), paired box 5 (PAX5), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) genes were associated with age, leptin concentration, backfat as an indicator of body condition, or BW at puberty in 3 lines of gilts and to characterize genetic relationships among these traits. The first 2 lines, born in 2001, were formed by crossing maternal White Cross (Yorkshire x Maternal Landrace) gilts to Duroc (n = 210) or (lean) Landrace (n = 207) boars. The remaining line (n = 507), born in 2002, was formed by crossing progeny of the Duroc- and Landrace-sired lines. At first estrus, age, BW (BWP), and backfat (BFP) at puberty were recorded and blood was collected for leptin assays. Nine SNP were detected in candidate genes/regions: 1 in LEP, 3 in LEPR, 1 in PAX5, 2 in AKR, and 2 in POMC. Animals were genotyped for each of the SNP; genotypes were validated using GenoProb. The association model included fixed effects of farrowing group, covariates of SNP genotypic probabilities (from GenoProb), and random additive polygenic effects to account for genetic similarities between animals not explained by SNP. Variance components for polygenic effects and error were estimated using MTDFREML. Leptin concentrations were logarithmically transformed for data analysis. All 4 traits were moderately to highly heritable (0.38 to 0.48). Age and leptin at puberty had a significant (P < 0.01) genetic correlation at -0.63 +/- 0.097, and the genetic correlation between BWP and age at puberty was 0.65 +/- 0.083 (P < 0.01). Significant additive associations (a; P < 0.05) were detected at PAX5 for age at puberty (a = 3.2 d) and for BFP (a = 0.61 mm). One SNP in LEPR was associated with leptin concentration (a = 0.31 log units; P < 0.05). The associations from PAX5 correspond to a QTL peak for age at puberty detected on SSC1. Although not necessarily the causative mutation, this result implies that a QTL that can decrease age at puberty without increasing BFP and BWP at puberty may exist in this region in commercial pigs. C1 [Kuehn, L. A.; Nonneman, D. J.; Klindt, J. M.; Wise, T. H.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kuehn, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Larry.Kuehn@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0936 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 398CO UT WOS:000262709300003 PM 18849393 ER PT J AU Kuehn, LA Lewis, RM Notter, DR AF Kuehn, L. A. Lewis, R. M. Notter, D. R. TI Connectedness in Targhee and Suffolk flocks participating in the United States National Sheep Improvement Program SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE connectedness; genetic evaluation; prediction error; sheep ID SIRE REFERENCING SCHEMES; GENETIC EVALUATIONS; MODEL; BIAS AB Connectedness among animals in separate flocks reduces the risk of biased comparisons when selecting across flocks on EBV. The objective in this study was to assess levels of connectedness in the genetic evaluation of weaning weight among Targhee and Suffolk flocks participating in the US National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP). Among flocks currently participating in the NSIP, a total of 25,404 weaning weight and 35,794 pedigree records were available for 16 Targhee flocks, and 14,017 weaning weight and 18,311 pedigree records were available for 24 Suffolk flocks. Connectedness was measured by using 2 different methods. First, numbers of progeny with recorded weaning weights from linking sires (defined as sires with progeny in multiple flocks or sires born in one flock with progeny in another flock) were counted. Second, connectedness was measured by calculating the average prediction error correlation of mean flock EBV (flock r(ij)). Benchmarks for flock r(ij) were established, with 0.10 and 0.05 representing low and moderate risk of bias associated with comparing EBV among flocks, respectively. From 1995 through 2004, 44% of Targhee lambs with weaning weights were born to linking sires; in Suffolk lambs, that value was 23%. In 1990, 1995, and 2005, average flock r(ij) were 0.10, 0.19, and 0.28, respectively, among Targhee flocks, and 0.02, 0.02, and 0.04, respectively, among Suffolk flocks that participated in NSIP in all 3 yr. Among all active flocks in 2005, flock r(ij) averaged 0.13 in Targhees and 0.03 in Suffolks. Hierarchical clustering of flocks based on flock r(ij) revealed that all active Targhee flocks connected at a level near or above 0.10. In Suffolk flocks, 2 distinct clusters had formed, in which connectedness was relatively high within each cluster (flock r(ij) near 0.10) but was near zero between clusters. Risk of bias in comparing EBV among flocks in the Targhee was low; however, caution should be exercised when comparing EBV between Suffolk flocks from different clusters. C1 [Kuehn, L. A.; Lewis, R. M.; Notter, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kuehn, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM larry.kuehn@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1092 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 398CO UT WOS:000262709300007 PM 18849390 ER PT J AU Carlson, DB Reed, JJ Borowicz, PP Taylor, JB Reynolds, LP Neville, TL Redmer, DA Vonnahme, KA Caton, JS AF Carlson, D. B. Reed, J. J. Borowicz, P. P. Taylor, J. B. Reynolds, L. P. Neville, T. L. Redmer, D. A. Vonnahme, K. A. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of dietary selenium supply and timing of nutrient restriction during gestation on maternal growth and body composition of pregnant adolescent ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetal; maternal; nutrient restriction; pregnancy; selenium ID VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; ORGANICALLY BOUND SELENIUM; FINISHING BEEF STEERS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; INTESTINAL CELLULARITY; VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; JEJUNAL VASCULARITY; PLACENTAL GROWTH; GROWING LAMBS AB The objectives were to examine effects of dietary Se supplementation and nutrient restriction during defined periods of gestation on maternal adaptations to pregnancy in primigravid sheep. Sixty-four pregnant Western Whiteface ewe lambs were assigned to treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial design. Treatments were dietary Se [adequate Se (ASe; 3.05 mu g/kg of BW) vs. high Se (HSe; 70.4 mu g/kg of BW)] fed as Se-enriched yeast, and plane of nutrition [control (C; 100% of NRC requirements) vs. restricted (R; 60% of NRC requirements]. Selenium treatments were fed throughout gestation. Plane of nutrition treatments were applied during mid (d 50 to 90) and late gestation (d 90 to 130), which resulted in 4 distinct plane of nutrition treatments [treatment: CC (control from d 50 to 130), RC (restricted from d 50 to 90, and control d 90 to 130), CR (control from d 50 to 90, and restricted from d 90 to 130), and RR (restricted from d 50 to 130)]. All of the pregnant ewes were necropsied on d 132 +/- 0.9 of gestation (length of gestation approximate to 145 d). Nutrient restriction treatments decreased ewe ADG and G: F, as a result, RC and CR ewes had similar BW and maternal BW (MBW) at necropsy, whereas RR ewes were lighter than RC and CR ewes. From d 90 to 130, the HSe-C ewes had greater ADG (Se x nutrition; P = 0.05) than did ASe-CC ewes, whereas ADG and G: F (Se x nutrition; P = 0.08) were less for HSe-RR ewes compared with ASe-RR ewes. The CR and RR treatments decreased total gravid uterus weight (P = 0.01) as well as fetal weight (P = 0.02) compared with RC and CC. High Se decreased total (g; P = 0.09) and relative heart mass (g/kg of MBW; P = 0.10), but increased total and relative mass of liver (P = 0.05) and perirenal fat (P <= 0.06) compared with ASe. Total stomach complex mass was decreased (P < 0.01) by all the nutrient restriction treatments, but was reduced to a greater extent in CR and RR compared with RC. Total small intestine mass was similar between RC and CC ewes, but was markedly reduced (P < 0.01) in CR and RR ewes. The mass of the stomach complex and the small and large intestine relative to MBW was greater (P = 0.01) for RC than for CR ewes. Increased Se decreased jejunal DNA concentration (P = 0.07), total jejunal cell number (P = 0.03), and total proliferating jejunal cell number (P = 0.05) compared with ASe. These data indicate that increased dietary Se affected whole-body and organ growth of pregnant ewes, but the results differed depending on the plane of nutrition. In addition, the timing and duration of nutrient restriction relative to stage of pregnancy affected visceral organ mass in a markedly different fashion. C1 [Carlson, D. B.; Reed, J. J.; Borowicz, P. P.; Reynolds, L. P.; Neville, T. L.; Redmer, D. A.; Vonnahme, K. A.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Caton, JS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM joel.caton@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU National Research Initiative Competitive [2003-35206-13621, 2005-35206-15281]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; NIH [HL 64141] FX This project was partially supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grants No. 2003-35206-13621 and 2005-35206-15281 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and partially by NIH Grant HL 64141. Gratitude is expressed to employees of the Animal Nutrition and Physiology Center and Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratories for their contributions to this project. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 669 EP 680 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0837 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 398CO UT WOS:000262709300024 PM 18997074 ER PT J AU Calegare, L Alencar, MM Packer, IU Ferrell, CL Lanna, DPD AF Calegare, L. Alencar, M. M. Packer, I. U. Ferrell, C. L. Lanna, D. P. D. TI Cow/calf preweaning efficiency of Nellore and Bos taurus x Bos indicus crosses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breed type; energy requirement; maintenance; milk production ID CROSSBRED BEEF-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; NONPREGNANT COWS; PREGNANT HEIFERS; GESTATION LENGTH; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CALF WEIGHT; BREED TYPES; FEED-INTAKE AB The objectives of this study were to determine if percentage Bos taurus (0 or 50%) of the cow had an effect on ME requirements and milk production, and to compare cow/calf efficiency among 3 mating systems. Metabolizable energy requirements were estimated during a feeding trial that encompassed a gestation and lactation feeding trial for each of 2 groups of cows. Cows were 0 or 50% Bos taurus ( 100 or 50% Nellore) breed type: Nellore cows (NL; n = 10) mated to Nellore bulls, NL cows ( n = 9) mated to Angus bulls, Angus x Nellore (ANL; n = 10) and Simmental x Nellore (SNL; n = 10) cows mated to Canchim (5/ 8 Charolais 3/ 8 Zebu) bulls. Cows were individually fed a total mixed diet that contained 11.3% CP and 2.23 Mcal of ME/kg of DM. At 14-d intervals, cows and calves were weighed and the amount of DM was adjusted to keep shrunk BW and BCS of cows constant. Beginning at 38 d of age, corn silage was available to calves ad libitum. Milk production at 42, 98, 126, and 180 d postpartum was measured using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. At 190 d of age, calves were slaughtered and body composition estimated using 9-10-11th-rib section to obtain energy deposition. Regression of BW change on daily ME intake (MEI) was used to estimate MEI at zero BW change. Increase in percentage Bos taurus had a significant effect on daily ME requirements (Mcal/d) during pregnancy (P < 0.01) and lactation (P < 0.01). Percentage Bos taurus had a positive linear effect on maintenance requirements of pregnant (P = 0.07) and lactating (P < 0.01) cows; during pregnancy, the ME requirements were 91 and 86% of those in lactation (131 +/- 3.5 vs. 145 +/- 3.4 Mcal.kg(-0.75).d(-1)) for the 0 and 50% B. taurus groups, respectively. The 50% B. taurus cows, ANL and SNL, suckling crossbred calves had greater total MEI (4,319 +/- 61 Mcal; P < 0.01) than 0% B. taurus cows suckling NL (3,484 +/- 86 Mcal) or ANL calves (3,600 +/- 91 Mcal). The 0% B. taurus cows suckling ANL calves were more efficient (45.3 +/- 1.6 g/Mcal; P = 0.03) than straightbred NL (35.1 +/- 1.5 g/Mcal) and ANL or SNL pairs (41.0 +/- 1.0 g/Mcal). Under the conditions of this study, crossbreeding improved cow/ calf efficiency and showed an advantage for cows that have lower energy requirements. C1 [Calegare, L.; Packer, I. U.; Lanna, D. P. D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Prod, Escuela Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Alencar, M. M.] EMBRAPA, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Ferrell, C. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lanna, DPD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Prod, Escuela Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM dplanna@esalq.usp.br RI Alencar, Mauricio/E-1739-2012; Lanna, Dante /J-5475-2014 OI Lanna, Dante /0000-0002-7082-8853 FU State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) FX This research was conducted under a cooperative agreement among Embrapa, Universidade de Sao Paulo, and IZ-Animal Research Center, Nova Odessa, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Financial support was granted from the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0759 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 398CO UT WOS:000262709300032 PM 18952743 ER PT J AU Brown, KR Anderson, GA Son, K Rentfrow, G Bush, LP Klotz, JL Strickland, JR Boling, JA Matthews, JC AF Brown, K. R. Anderson, G. A. Son, K. Rentfrow, G. Bush, L. P. Klotz, J. L. Strickland, J. R. Boling, J. A. Matthews, J. C. TI Growing steers grazing high versus low endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue have reduced serum enzymes, increased hepatic glucogenic enzymes, and reduced liver and carcass mass SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaloid; aspartate aminotransferase; bovine; liver; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ID AFFINITY GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; INFECTED FESCUE; PROLONGED CONSUMPTION; DISAPPEARANCE RATES; PROLACTIN SECRETION; ENDOCRINE RESPONSES; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; BODY FLUIDS; BEEF-CATTLE AB It is well established that grazing Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected forages results in reduced BW gain and serum prolactin concentrations of cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effects of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue consumption on blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and content of proteins critical for AA metabolism in the liver, kidney, and LM tissue of growing steers. Steers grazed a low toxic endophyte (LE; 0.023 mu g/g ergot alkaloids) tall fescue-mixed grass pasture (n = 9; BW = 266 +/- 10.9 kg; 5.7 ha) or a high toxic endophyte (HE; 0.746 mu g/g of ergot alkaloids) tall fescue pasture (n = 10; BW = 267 +/- 14.5 kg; 5.7 ha) from June 14 through at least September 11 (= 89 d). No difference was observed for BW (P < 0.10) for the overall 85-d growth period. Also, no differences were observed for ribeye area/100 kg of HCW (P > 0.91), backfat (P > 0.95), or backfat/100 kg of HCW (P > 0.67). However, ADG (P < 0.01), final BW (P < 0.05), HCW (P < 0.01), dressing percentage (P < 0.01), ribeye area ( P < 0.01), whole liver wet weight (P < 0.01), and whole liver wet weight/100 kg of end BW (P < 0.01) were greater for LE steers than HE steers. After 85 d of grazing, serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase ( P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase ( P < 0.03), cholesterol (P < 0.01), lactate dehydrogenase ( P < 0.01), and prolactin ( P < 0.01) were less for HE than LE steers. At slaughter, hepatic content of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( P < 0.01) was greater in HE steers than LE steers. Hepatic content of aspartate aminotransferase ( P < 0.01) also was greater, whereas renal and LM content were not (P = 0.42). No differences (P = 0.15) were observed for hepatic, renal, and LM content of alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and 3 glutamate transport proteins. These data indicate that the HE steers displayed classic endophyte toxicity symptoms for growth and blood variables, classic symptoms that were concomitant with novelly identified altered glucogenic capacity of the liver and decreases in carcass characteristics. C1 [Brown, K. R.; Anderson, G. A.; Son, K.; Rentfrow, G.; Boling, J. A.; Matthews, J. C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Klotz, J. L.; Strickland, J. R.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Matthews, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jmatthew@uky.edu FU USDA-ARS Special Cooperative Agreement; University of Kentucky; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [08-07-058] FX This research was supported by a USDA-ARS Special Cooperative Agreement, the University of Kentucky, and the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Publ. No. 08-07-058). NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 748 EP 760 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1108 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 398CO UT WOS:000262709300033 PM 18952729 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA Dashiell, KE Schneider, DJ Eubanks, MW AF Prischmann, D. A. Dashiell, K. E. Schneider, D. J. Eubanks, M. W. TI Evaluating Tripsacum-introgressed maize germplasm after infestation with western corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; gamagrass; host plant resistance; maize breeding; root pests ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; ARTIFICIAL INFESTATIONS; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; GRAIN-YIELD; LARVAE; TOLERANCE; DAMAGE; HYBRIDS; EGGS AB Maize (Zea mays L.) is a valuable commodity throughout the world, but corn rootworms (Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica spp.) often cause economic damage and increase production costs. Current rootworm management strategies have limitations, and in order to create viable management alternatives, researchers have been developing novel maize lines using Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) germplasm, a wild relative of maize that is resistant to rootworms. Ten maize Tripsacum-introgressed inbred lines derived from recurrent selection of crosses with gamagrass and teosinte (Zea diploperennis Iltis) recombinants and two public inbred lines were assessed for susceptibility to western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and yield in a two-year field study. Two experimental maize inbred lines, SDG11 and SDG20, had mean root damage ratings that were significantly lower than the susceptible public line B73. Two other experimental maize inbred lines, SDG12 and SDG6, appeared tolerant to rootworm damage because they exhibited yield increases after rootworm infestation in both years. In the majority of cases, mean yield per plant of experimental maize lines used in yield analyses was equal to or exceeded that of the public inbred lines B73 and W64A. Our study indicates that there is potential to use Tripsacum-introgressed maize germplasm in breeding programs to enhance plant resistance and/or tolerance to corn rootworms, although further research on insect resistance and agronomic potential of this germplasm needs to be conducted in F(1) hybrids. C1 [Prischmann, D. A.] USDA ARS, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Eubanks, M. W.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM deirdre.prischmann@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 133 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01311.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 405WR UT WOS:000263255400002 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA Dashiell, KE Hibbard, BE AF Prischmann, D. A. Dashiell, K. E. Hibbard, B. E. TI Assessing larval rootworm behaviour after contacting maize roots: impact of germplasm, rootworm species and diapause status SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica v; virgifera; D; barberi; Chrysomelidae; insect behaviour; plant resistance ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; ARTIFICIAL INFESTATIONS; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; CHRYSOMELIDAE LARVAE; FEEDING STIMULANTS; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; FIELD INFESTATIONS; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS AB Current methods of screening maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm for susceptibility or resistance to corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) rely primarily on information from large-scale field experiments. Due to labour and cost constraints associated with field trials, alternative evaluation methods are desirable. We used a previously developed behavioural bioassay to: (1) investigate the host search behaviour of rootworm larvae after contact with 14 maize genotypes, (2) compare the behaviour of non-diapausing Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, diapausing D. v. virgifera, and diapausing D. barberi Smith & Lawrence and (3) determine if this technique can be used to separate susceptible vs. resistant maize genotypes. The majority of rootworm larvae engaged in intensive (local search) behaviour after exposure to maize roots, whereas larvae continued to exhibit extensive (ranging) behaviour after contact with negative controls. Even though a transgenic hybrid with resistance to D. v. virgifera was included in analyses, quantitative path measurements were similar among genotypes and only differed between specific maize lines and controls. Notably, there were differences in host search behaviour among rootworm groups, with non-diapausing D. v. virgifera having more convoluted paths and engaging in intensive search more frequently than diapausing rootworms. Correlations between larval path measurements and historic root damage ratings were not significant, although there were weak positive correlations between historic adult emergence densities and measures of path linearity. However, due to the lack of significant behavioural differences among maize lines with a range of susceptibility levels, we concluded that this bioassay is not useful in screening maize germplasm for rootworm resistance. C1 [Prischmann, D. A.] USDA ARS, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Hibbard, B. E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM deirdre.prischmann@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 133 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01313.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 405WR UT WOS:000263255400003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Fisher, DS Gay, PA AF Jenkins, M. B. Endale, D. M. Fisher, D. S. Gay, P. A. TI Most probable number methodology for quantifying dilute concentrations and fluxes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in surface waters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baseflow; Escherichia coli; faecal enterococci; mass flux; watershed ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; CATTLE FECES; O157-H7; BACTERIA; ENUMERATION; SHEEP; ENTEROCOCCI; ENTEROLERT; PATHOGENS AB To better understand the transport and enumeration of dilute densities of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in agricultural watersheds, we developed a culture-based, five tube-multiple dilution most probable number (MPN) method. The MPN method combined a filtration technique for large volumes of surface water with standard selective media, biochemical and immunological tests, and a TaqMan confirmation step. This method determined E. coli O157:H7 concentrations as low as 0.1 MPN per litre, with a 95% confidence level of 0.01-0.7 MPN per litre. Escherichia coli O157:H7 densities ranged from not detectable to 9 MPN per litre for pond inflow, from not detectable to 0.9 MPN per litre for pond outflow and from not detectable to 8.3 MPN per litre for within pond. The MPN methodology was extended to mass flux determinations. Fluxes of E. coli O157:H7 ranged from < 27 to > 10(4) MPN per hour. This culture-based method can detect small numbers of viable/culturable E. coli O157:H7 in surface waters of watersheds containing animal agriculture and wildlife. This MPN method will improve our understanding of the transport and fate of E. coli O157:H7 in agricultural watersheds, and can be the basis of collections of environmental E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Gay, P. A.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Jenkins, M. B.; Endale, D. M.; Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, J Phill Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program FX The authors wish to express their appreciation to S. Humayoun, S. Norris, J. Sterling and S. Steed for their expert technical assistance. This study was supported in part by a grant from the USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 106 IS 2 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04028.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 395IA UT WOS:000262516600023 PM 19200323 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Blair, AC Dayan, FE Johnson, RD Meepagala, KM Cook, D Bajsa, J AF Duke, Stephen O. Blair, Amy C. Dayan, Franck E. Johnson, Robert D. Meepagala, Kumudini M. Cook, Daniel Bajsa, Joanna TI Is (-)-Catechin a Novel Weapon of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical; Allelopathy; Catechin; Centaurea maculosa; Centaurea stoebe; Invasive species; Phytotoxin; Soil; Spotted knapweed ID ALLELOCHEMICAL (+/-)-CATECHIN; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; INVASION SUCCESS; MACULOSA; CATECHIN; (+)-CATECHIN; ALLELOPATHY; GROWTH; PLANT; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The novel weapons hypothesis states that some invasive weed species owe part of their success as invaders to allelopathy mediated by allelochemicals that are new to the native species. Presumably, no resistance has evolved among the native species to this new allelochemical (i.e., the novel weapon). In their native habitat, however, the plants that co-evolved with these invasive species have theoretically evolved defenses that obviate the allelochemical advantage. Previous studies have claimed that catechin is such a novel weapon of spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe = C. maculosa), an invasive species in the non-native habitat of North America. These studies indicated that (-)-catechin is more phytotoxic than (+)-catechin. Other studies have not found sufficient catechin in field soils to support this theory. We report that (-)-catechin and (+)-catechin are essentially equal, but poorly phytotoxic to a variety of plant species in bioassays without soil. In a dose/response experiment with Montana soils, we found the lowest dose for a growth reduction of two native Montana grasses (Koeleria macrantha and Festuca idahoensis) by a racemic mixture of (+/-)-catechin that ranged from about 25 to 50 mM, concentrations, orders of magnitude higher than expected in nature. Autoclaving the soil before adding the catechin did not affect the activity of catechin. We found (-)-catechin to be a potent antioxidant, in contrast to a previous claim that it acts as an allelochemical by causing oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that catechin is not a novel weapon of spotted knapweed and that other allelochemical(s) or alternative mechanisms must be found to explain the success of this species as an invader in North America. C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.; Johnson, Robert D.; Meepagala, Kumudini M.; Cook, Daniel; Bajsa, Joanna] ARS, NPURU, USDA, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. [Blair, Amy C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, NPURU, USDA, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 55 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9587-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409MA UT WOS:000263508600001 PM 19153796 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A Siderhurst, MS Mcquate, GT Liquido, NJ Nagata, J Carvalho, L Guzman, F Jang, EB AF Khrimian, Ashot Siderhurst, Matthew S. Mcquate, Grant T. Liquido, Nicanor J. Nagata, Janice Carvalho, Lori Guzman, Filadelfo Jang, Eric B. TI Ring-Fluorinated Analog of Methyl Eugenol: Attractiveness to and Metabolism in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oriental fruit fly; Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel); Methyl eugenol; 1,2-dimethoxy-4-fluoro-5-(2-propenyl) benzene; Metabolism; Field attraction ID DACUS-DORSALIS; MONOFLUORO ANALOGS; MALE ANNIHILATION; ATTRACTANTS; TEPHRITIDAE; SAFROLE; DIPTERA; ERADICATION; ESTRAGOLE; FACILE AB Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), males are highly attracted to the natural phenylpropanoid methyl eugenol (ME). They compulsively feed on ME and metabolize it to ring and side-chain hydroxylated compounds that have both pheromonal and allomonal functions. Side-chain metabolic activation of ME leading to (E)-coniferyl alcohol has long been recognized as a primary reason for hepatocarcinogenicity of this compound in rodents. Earlier, we demonstrated that introduction of a fluorine atom at the terminal carbon of the ME side chain significantly depressed metabolism and specifically reduced formation of coniferyl alcohol but had little effect on field attractiveness to B. dorsalis. In the current paper, we demonstrate that fluorination of ME at the 4 position of the aromatic ring blocks metabolic ring-hydroxylation but overall enhances side-chain metabolism by increasing production of fluorinated (E)-coniferyl alcohol. In laboratory experiments, oriental fruit fly males were attracted to and readily consumed 1,2-dimethoxy-4-fluoro-5-(2-propenyl)benzene (I) at rates similar to ME but metabolized it faster. Flies that consumed the fluorine analog were as healthy post feeding as ones fed on methyl eugenol. In field trials, the fluorine analog I was similar to 50% less attractive to male B. dorsalis than ME. C1 [Khrimian, Ashot; Guzman, Filadelfo] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Siderhurst, Matthew S.] Eastern Mennonite Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. [Mcquate, Grant T.; Nagata, Janice; Carvalho, Lori; Jang, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Liquido, Nicanor J.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Rm 301,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ashot.khrimian@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9581-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409MA UT WOS:000263508600008 PM 19198948 ER PT J AU Tarver, MR Schmelz, EA Rocca, JR Scharf, ME AF Tarver, Matthew R. Schmelz, Eric A. Rocca, James R. Scharf, Michael E. TI Effects of Soldier-Derived Terpenes on Soldier Caste Differentiation in the Termite Reticulitermes flavipes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Termite; Soldier; Primer pheromone; Juvenile hormone; Terpene ID JUVENILE-HORMONE-III; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; DEFENSE SECRETION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NASUTE TERMITE; NORTH-AMERICA; SPP. ISOPTERA; FRONTAL GLAND; RHINOTERMITIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Primer pheromones play key roles in regulating division of labor, which is a fundamental and defining aspect of insect sociality. Primer pheromones are chemical messengers that transmit hormone-like messages among colony members; in recipients, these messages can either induce or suppress phenotypic caste differentiation. Here, we investigated soldier caste-derived chemicals as possible primer pheromones in the lower termite Reticulitermes flavipes, a species for which no primer pheromones have yet been identified. We determined that soldier head extracts (SHE), when provided to totipotent workers along with the insect morphogenetic juvenile hormone (JH), significantly enhanced soldier caste differentiation. When applied alone, however, SHE had no impacts on caste differentiation, survivorship, or any other aspect of worker biology. These findings support a function of soldier chemicals as primer pheromones that enhance the action of the endogenous JH. In accord with previous studies, gamma-cadinene and the corresponding aldehyde, gamma-cadinenal, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses as the two most abundant components of R. flavipes SHE. Validative bioassays with commercially available cadinene confirmed activity. Several other terpenes, previously identified in R. flavipes soldiers, also were found to be active. These findings reveal a novel primer pheromone-like function for soldier-derived terpenes in termites and further suggest convergent evolution of terpene functions in enhancing JH-dependent soldier caste differentiation. C1 [Tarver, Matthew R.; Scharf, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmelz, Eric A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Rocca, James R.] Univ Florida, AMRIS, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Scharf, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mescharf@ufl.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health [P41RR016105]; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2007-35607-17777] FX We thank Drs. Nancy Denslow, Daniel Hahn, Mike Haverty, Larry Cool, and Faith Oi for helpful discussions; Caitlin Buckspan for bioassay assistance; Marsha Wheeler and Jody Green for review of the manuscript; and Dr. Robert J. Bartelt (USDA-ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL, USA) for providing an authentic sample of (+)-gamma-cadinene. The authors acknowledge the National Science Foundation for financial support through the User Program of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which supported our NMR studies. The 600 MHz 1-mm HTS cryogenic NMR probe used in this work was developed through a collaboration among UF, the NHMFL, and Bruker BioSpin, which was funded by a National Institutes of Health grant (P41RR016105). This work was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI grant no. 2007-35607-17777 to M. E. S. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9594-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409MA UT WOS:000263508600013 PM 19198947 ER PT J AU Ceglia, L Harris, SS Abrams, SA Rasmussen, HM Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B AF Ceglia, Lisa Harris, Susan S. Abrams, Steven A. Rasmussen, Helen M. Dallal, Gerard E. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Potassium Bicarbonate Attenuates the Urinary Nitrogen Excretion That Accompanies an Increase in Dietary Protein and May Promote Calcium Absorption SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; GROWTH-HORMONE; HIP FRACTURE; OBESE WOMEN; ELDERLY-MEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; BALANCE AB Context: Protein is an essential component of muscle and bone. However, the acidic byproducts of protein metabolism may have a negative impact on the musculoskeletal system, particularly in older individuals with declining renal function. Objective: We sought to determine whether adding an alkaline salt, potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), allows protein to have a more favorable net impact on intermediary indices of muscle and bone conservation than it does in the usual acidic environment. Design: We conducted a 41-d randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of KHCO3 or placebo with a 16-d phase-in and two successive 10-d metabolic diets containing low (0.5 g/kg) or high (1.5 g/kg) protein in random order with a 5-d washout between diets. Setting: The study was conducted in a metabolic research unit. Participants: Nineteen healthy subjects ages 54-82 yr participated. Intervention: KHCO3 (up to 90 mmol/d) or placebo was administered for 41 d. Main Outcome Measures: We measured 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion, IGF-I, 24-h urinary calcium excretion, and fractional calcium absorption. Results: KHCO3 reduced the rise in urinary nitrogen excretion that accompanied an increase in protein intake (P = 0.015) and was associated with higher IGF-I levels on the low-protein diet ( P = 0.027) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.050). KHCO3 was also associated with higher fractional calcium absorption on the low-protein diet (P = 0.041) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.064). Conclusions: In older adults, KHCO3 attenuates the protein-induced rise in urinary nitrogen excretion, and this may be mediated by IGF-I. KHCO3 may also promote calcium absorption independent of the dietary protein content. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 645-653, 2009) C1 [Ceglia, Lisa; Harris, Susan S.; Rasmussen, Helen M.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ceglia, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lisa.ceglia@tufts.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Unilever Corporate Research, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; USDA/ARS [58-1950-7-707]; [DK007651] FX L. C. was supported by Grant DK007651. This research was supported by the Unilever Corporate Research, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom. This work was also supported by the USDA/ARS under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 94 IS 2 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-1796 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 403HC UT WOS:000263072700048 PM 19050051 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Wall, RJ Somkuti, GA Powell, MA Tunick, MH Tomasula, PM AF Van Hekken, D. L. Wall, R. J. Somkuti, G. A. Powell, M. A. Tunick, M. H. Tomasula, P. M. TI Fate of lysostaphin in milk from individual cows through pasteurization and cheesemaking SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk; lysostaphin; processing; transgenic cow ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HUMAN LYSOZYME; TRANSGENIC MICE; MAMMARY-GLAND; EXPRESSION; MASTITIS; PURIFICATION; INFECTIONS; PRODUCTS; RHEOLOGY AB Transgenic cows secreting over 3 mu g of lysostaphin/mL of milk are protected against mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, but it is unknown if active lysostaphin persists through dairy processing procedures or affects the production of fermented dairy foods. The objective of this study was to determine the fate of lysostaphin as milk was pasteurized and then processed into cheese. Raw milk from transgenic cows was heat treated at 63 degrees C for 30 min, 72 degrees C for 15 s (high temperature, short time), or 140 C for 2 s (UHT). Portions of the high temperature, short-time milk were manufactured into semi-hard cheeses. Aliquots taken at each processing step were assayed to determine the quantity (ELISA) and activity (ability to inhibit S. aureus growth) of lysostaphin. Results indicated that most of the lysostaphin was present in the aqueous portion of the milk and was not affected by pasteurization, although UHT treatment reduced enzyme concentration by 60%. The quantity and activity of the lysostaphin decreased during cheesemaking. Based on the amount of lysostaphin present in the starting cheesemilk, 10 to 15% of the lysostaphin was recovered in the whey, 21 to 55% in the cheese curd at d 1, and 21 to 36% in cheese stored at 4 C for 90 d. Enough of the lysostaphin secreted into milk by transgenic cows survived typical dairy processing conditions to impart potential value as a bioprotective agent against staphylococci in dairy foods. C1 [Van Hekken, D. L.; Somkuti, G. A.; Tunick, M. H.; Tomasula, P. M.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Wall, R. J.; Powell, M. A.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM diane.vanhekken@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 444 EP 457 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1019 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 397IA UT WOS:000262654900002 PM 19164654 ER PT J AU Daniels, KM McGilliard, ML Meyer, MJ Van Amburgh, ME Capuco, AV Akers, RM AF Daniels, K. M. McGilliard, M. L. Meyer, M. J. Van Amburgh, M. E. Capuco, A. V. Akers, R. M. TI Effects of body weight and nutrition on histological mammary development in Holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifer; histology; mammary; nutrition ID DAIRY HEIFERS; PREPUBERTAL HEIFERS; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION; HORMONE; PUBERTY; LEVEL; GLAND; FAT AB Our objective was to determine the effects of rate of gain and body weight (BW) on development of the mammary parenchyma. Mammary tissue samples were collected from heifers (n = 72) reared on 1 of 2 dietary treatments (restricted, 650 g/d of daily gain; or elevated, 950 g/d of daily gain) and slaughtered at 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, or 350 kg of BW. Mammary samples were excised, preserved, prepared for histology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Digital images of tissue sections were captured for analysis. Tissue areas occupied by the interlobular and intralobular stroma, epithelium, and lumen were measured (mu m(2)). The numbers of epithelial and luminal structures per image were tabulated to measure the complexity of ductal development. Mean percentages of mammary parenchyma occupied by the interlobular stroma, epithelium, lumen, and intralobular stroma were 29, 20, 7, and 43%, respectively. Percentage of area occupied by the intralobular stroma was affected by BW and was lower for 100-kg heifers compared with heifers 200 kg and heavier (33 +/- 4 vs. 46 +/- 4), but the percentage of area occupied by other tissue elements did not differ by BW or treatment, nor was there an interaction. However, the numbers of both epithelial (8.3 +/- 4 vs. 47 +/- 4) and luminal-containing (6 +/- 4 vs. 38 +/- 4) structures per image increased markedly between 100 and 350 kg of BW, irrespective of diet. For heifers slaughtered between 100 and 350 kg of BW, alterations in the rate of gain between 650 and 950 g/d, accomplished by feeding varying amounts of the same diet, had no significant effect on tissue characteristics or the pattern of mammary parenchymal development. These data emphasize the importance of BW and age in determining developmental characteristics of the heifer mammary parenchyma and suggest that the rate of gain per se has a minimal impact on histological development, and thus do not support the hypothesis that rate of gain has a direct negative impact on ductal development. C1 [Daniels, K. M.; McGilliard, M. L.; Akers, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Meyer, M. J.; Van Amburgh, M. E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Akers, RM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rma@vt.edu OI Daniels, Kristy/0000-0002-1437-1457 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 397IA UT WOS:000262654900008 PM 19164660 ER PT J AU Aitken, SL Karcher, EL Rezamand, P Gandy, JC VandeHaar, MJ Capuco, AV Sordillo, LM AF Aitken, S. L. Karcher, E. L. Rezamand, P. Gandy, J. C. VandeHaar, M. J. Capuco, A. V. Sordillo, L. M. TI Evaluation of antioxidant and proinflammatory gene expression in bovine mammary tissue during the periparturient period SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mammary gland; periparturient period; oxidative stress; inflammation ID AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION; BODY CONDITION SCORE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DAIRY-CATTLE; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; HEME OXYGENASE; OXIDANT STRESS; VITAMIN-E AB The incidence and severity of mastitis can be high during the period of transition from pregnancy to lactation when dairy cattle are susceptible to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of mastitis by modifying the expression of proinflammatory genes. The overall goal of this study was to determine the relationship between critical antioxidant defense mechanisms and proinflammatory markers in normal bovine mammary tissue during the periparturient period. Mammary tissue samples were obtained from 12 cows at 35, 20, and 7 d before expected calving and during early lactation (EL, 15 to 28 d in milk). Enzyme activities for cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase were relatively low during the dry period, but increased during EL, whereas activity of thioredoxin reductase 1 did not change significantly as a function of time. In contrast, gene expression for these antioxidant selenoproteins and for heme oxygenase-1 gradually decreased as parturition approached and then increased during EL. The expression of intercellular vascular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 followed a similar trend where mRNA abundance gradually declined as parturition approached with a slight rebound in EL. Gene expression of the pro-oxidant, 15-lipoxygenase 1, which is known to increase during times of oxidative stress, also increased dramatically in mammary tissue from EL cows. Expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 did not change significantly during the periparturient period. Strong positive correlations were found between several antioxidant enzymes (cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase 1, and heme oxygenase-1) and vascular adhesion molecules (intercellular vascular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) suggesting a protective response of these antioxidants to an enhanced proinflammatory state. Ability to control oxidative stress through manipulation of key antioxidant enzymes in the future may modify the proinflammatory state of periparturient cows and reduce incidence and severity of some diseases such as mastitis. C1 [Aitken, S. L.; Karcher, E. L.; Rezamand, P.; Gandy, J. C.; Sordillo, L. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [VandeHaar, M. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sordillo, LM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Sordillo@msu.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education; Extension Service [2007-35204-18463] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number # 2007-35204-18463 and by an endowment from the Matilda R. Wilson Fund (Detroit, MI). NR 37 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1551 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 397IA UT WOS:000262654900017 PM 19164669 ER PT J AU Rung, A Miller, DR Scheffer, SJ AF Rung, A. Miller, D. R. Scheffer, S. J. TI Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Method to Distinguish Three Mealybug Groups Within the Planococcus citri-P. minor Species Complex (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Planococcus citri; Planococcus minor; diagnostics; PCR; restriction fragment length polymorphism ID IDENTIFICATION; HOMOPTERA AB The mealybug species Planococcus citri (Risso) and Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) have special significance to U.S. quarantine and U.S. agriculture. Commonly intercepted at U.S. ports-of-entry, they are difficult to identify based on morphological characters. This study presents a molecular method for distinguishing P. cites, P. minor, and a genetically distinct group that is morphologically identical to P. citri, from Hawaii. This method uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment polymorphism analysis (RFLP) using the restriction enzymes BspH1, BsmH1, and HpH1. The resulting band patterns can be visualized in a 2% agarose gel and are sufficient to differentiate between the three entities mentioned above. PCR-RFLP diagnostics can be used for all life stages and is cheaper and faster than DNA sequencing. C1 [Rung, A.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Miller, D. R.; Scheffer, S. J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rung, A (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, 3294 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. EM arung@cdfa.ca.gov FU APHIS/PPQ; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland FX This work would riot have been possible without the guidance and technical assistance of Mathew Lewis (USDA). We thank Akito Y. Kawahara, Michael Pogue, and Gary Miller for providing preliminary critical reviews of this paper. Funding for this project came from APHIS/PPQ and the Department of Entomology, University of Maryland. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400003 PM 19253611 ER PT J AU Frake, AM de Guzman, LL Rinderer, TE AF Frake, Amanda M. de Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Comparative Resistance of Russian and Italian Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to Small Hive Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; small hive beetle; resistance; entrance reducer ID AETHINA-TUMIDA MURRAY; APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; UNITED-STATES; COLONIES; BROOD; BIOLOGY; EGGS; CAPE; POPULATIONS AB To compare resistance to small hive beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) between Russian and commercial Italian honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), the numbers of invading beetles, their population levels through tune and small hive beetle reproduction inside the colonies were monitored. We found that the genotype of queens introduced into nucleus colonies had no immediate effect on shall hive beetle invasion. However, the influence of honey bee stock on small hive beetle invasion was pronounced once test bees populated the hives. In colonies deliberately freed front small hive beetle during each observation period, the average number of invading beetles was higher in the Italian colonies (29 +/- 5 beetles) than in the Russian honey bee colonies (16 +/- 3 beetles). A similar trend was observed in colonies that were allowed to be freely colonized by beetles throughout the experimental period (Italian, 11.46 +/- 1.37; Russian, 5.21 +/- 0.66 beetles). A linear regression analysis shoved no relationships between the number of beetles in the colonies and adult bee population (r(2) = 0.1034, P = 0.297), brood produced (r(2) = 0.1488, P = 0.132), or amount of pollen (r(2) = 0.1036, P = 0.295). There were snore Italian colonies that :supported small hive beetle reproduction than Russian colonies. Regardless of stock, the use of entrance reducers had a significant effect on the average number of small hive beetle (with reducer, 16 +/- 3; without reducer, 27 +/- 5 beetles). However; there was no effect on bee population (with reducer, 13.20 +/- 0.71: without reducer, 14.60 +/- 0.70 frames) or brood production (with reducer; 6.12 +/- 0.30; without reducer, 6.44 +/- 0.34 frames). Overall, Russian honey bees were more resistant to small hive beetle than Italian honey bees as indicated by fewer invading beetles, lower small hive beetle population through tine. and lesser reproduction. C1 [Frake, Amanda M.; de Guzman, Lilia I.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Frake, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM nandy.frake@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400004 PM 19253612 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Esquivel, JF Nichols, RL Bell, AA AF Medrano, Enrique Gino Esquivel, Jesus F. Nichols, Robert L. Bell, Alois A. TI Temporal Analysis of Cotton Boll Symptoms Resulting From Southern Green Stink Bug Feeding and Transmission of a Bacterial Pathogen SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stink bugs; vector; cotton bolls; seed rot; bacterial opportunist ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA L.; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; YIELD; SEED; QUALITY AB The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), is a significant pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and is becoming an increasing challenge due to the decrease in use of broad-spectrum insecticides on the crop. The southern green stink bug can vector an opportunistic Pantoea agglomerans strain (designated Sc 1-R) into cotton bolls, resulting in infection. The appearance of stink bug damage varies, and pest managers cannot readily identify its source. This research reports a systematic depiction of green, immature boll responses at various stages of maturity (1, 2, and 3 wk post-anthesis [WPA]) to stink bug injury and to infection by the vectored cotton pathogen by demonstrating the progression of effects 1, 2, and 3 wk after exposure (WAE). When laboratory-reared adult southern green stink bug not harboring Sc I-R deposited bacteria into greenhouse-grown bolls at 1, 2, or 3 WPA during feeding/probing, bacteria reached concentrations of 109, 109, and 103 colony-forming units (CFUs)/g tissue, respectively, at 3 WAE, yet caused minimal seed and lint damage regardless of the age of the bolls that were penetrated. Bolls at a maturity of 1 or 2 WPA showed similar susceptibility when exposed to stink bugs that vectored Sc 1-R. After a week of infection, seeds were salmon-pink with normal white lint and up to 10(4) CFUs/g tissue when Sc 1-R was detected. Necrosis of the entire inoculated locule(s) with a maximum Sc 1-R concentration detected at 108 CFUs/g tissue occurred in samples harvested 2 or 3 WAE. Conversely, seed and lint deterioration due to the transmitted opportunist into bolls exposed 3 WPA was confined to the puncture site. In summary, after a week of development, bolls were tolerant to southern green stink bug feeding/ probing damage and to nonpathogenic bacteria, but they were severely damaged when the opportunistic pathogen Sc 1-R was transmitted. At 3 WPA, the fruit was immune to the spread of the pathogen with infections confined to the puncture site. C1 [Medrano, Enrique Gino; Bell, Alois A.] USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Esquivel, Jesus F.] Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Medrano, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM gino.medrano@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research Agreement FX Sharon Mowery, Jose Quintana, C. Brittany Tiner, April M. Deats, and Renata K. Luff provided greatly appreciated technical assistance. Thanks to Krista S. Doughty for critically reading and editing the manuscript. The research was partially supported by a Cooperative Research Agreement granted by Cotton incorporated (to E.G.M. and A.A.B.). NR 18 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400007 PM 19253615 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Horton, DR Jones, DC Headrick, HL Neven, LG AF Lacey, L. A. Horton, D. R. Jones, D. C. Headrick, H. L. Neven, L. G. TI Efficacy of the Biofumigant Fungus Muscodor albus (Ascomycota: Xylariales) for Control of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Simulated Storage Conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial control; apple exportation; postharvest; quarantine treatments ID FRUIT BINS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHYL-BROMIDE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; CYDIA-POMONELLA; TEMPERATURE; FUMIGATION; APPLES; GELECHIIDAE; MANAGEMENT AB Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a serious pest of pome fruit, is a threat to exportation of apples (Malus spp.) because of the possibility of shipping infested fruit. The need for alternatives to fumigant!, such as methyl bromide for quarantine security of exported fruit has encouraged the development of effective fumigants with reduced side effects. The endophytic fungus Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel and Hess (Ascomycota: Xylariales) produces volatile compounds that are biocidal for several pest organisms, including plant pathogens and insect pests. The objectives of our research were to determine the effects of M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on codling moth adults, neonate larvae, larvae in infested apples, and diapausing cocooned larvae in simulated storage conditions. Fumigation of adult codling moth with VOCs produced by M. albus for 3 d and incubating in fresh air for 24 h at 25 degrees C resulted in 81% corrected mortality. Four- and 5-d exposures resulted in higher mortality (84 and 100%, respectively), but control mortality was also high due to the short life span of the moths. Exposure of neonate larvae to VOCs for 3 d on apples and incubating for 7 d resulted in 86% corrected mortality. Treated larvae were predominantly first instars, whereas 85% of control larvae developed to second and third instars. Exposure of apples that: had been infested for 5 d, fumigated with M. albus VOCs for 3 d, and incubated as described above resulted in 71% corrected larval mortality. Exposure of diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae to VOCs for 7 or 14 d resulted in 31 and 100% mortality, respectively, with negligible control mortality. Our data on treatment of several stages of codling moth with M. albus VOCs indicate that the fungus could provide an alternative to broad spectrum chemical fumigants for codling moth control in storage and contribute to the systems approach to achieve quarantine security of exported apples. C1 [Lacey, L. A.; Horton, D. R.; Jones, D. C.; Headrick, H. L.; Neven, L. G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lerry.lacey@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400008 PM 19253616 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Hellmich, RL AF Hallman, Guy J. Hellmich, Richard L. TI Ionizing Radiation as a Phytosanitary Treatment Against European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Ambient, Low Oxygen, and Cold Conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; quarantine; commodity treatment; irradiation; disinfestations ID IRRADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENT; GAMMA-RADIATION; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; DIASPIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA; MEXICAN AB The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a quarantine pest for several fresh commodities, including corn-on-the-cob, bell peppers, and green beans. Methyl bromide fumigation is the usual phytosanitary treatment, but the fumigant is under increasing regulation as a stratospheric ozone-depleting substance. Ionizing radiation is a relatively new commercial alternative that is currently used in several countries. The present research explored radiation doses that would provide quarantine security for commodities at risk of being infested by O. nubilalis. Radiotolerance of late pupae (the most tolerant stage infesting commodities) as determined by hatch of F-1 eggs was not affected by host (meridic diet versus ear corn) or temperature (1 versus 13 degrees C) but was positively affected by low oxygen. Longevity was shorter for adults of irradiated than nonirradiated pupae. The minimum absorbed dose for phytosanitary irradiation against O. nubilalis could vary from 233 Gy for prevention of F-1 pupation to 343 Gy for prevention of F-1 egg hatch. Lower doses might be possible if greater risk of treatment failure was acceptable. C1 [Hallman, Guy J.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50051 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM guy.hallman@ars.usda.gov FU FAO/IAEA Programme on Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture; USDA-Foreign Agricultural Service FX We thank Roberto Rivas (USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX) and Andres Martinez and Crissy Gutierrez (formerly of USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX) for technical assistance. Jeannette M. Dyer (USDA-ARS, Ames, IA) provided European corn borer. John Worley (USDA-APHIS, Mission, TX) allowed access to the irradiation facility. We thank Robert Holling-sworth (USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI) and Nichole M. Levang-Brilz (USDA-APHIS-CPHST, Raleigh, NC) for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the joint FAO/IAEA Programme on Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and the USDA-Foreign Agricultural Service. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400011 PM 19253619 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Chastagner, GA Reimer, NJ Oishi, DE Landolt, PJ Paull, RE AF Hollingsworth, Robert G. Chastagner, Gary A. Reimer, Neil J. Oishi, Darcy E. Landolt, Peter J. Paull, Robert E. TI Use of Shaking Treatments and Preharvest Sprays of Pyrethroid Insecticides to Reduce Risk of Yellowjackets and Other Insects on Christmas Trees Imported Into Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE yellowjackets; Christmas trees; pyrethroid insecticides; permethrin; tree shaking ID ZEALAND BEECH FOREST; HEPTYL BUTYRATE; ACETIC-ACID; WASPS; HYMENOPTERA; VESPIDAE; ISOBUTANOL; GERMANICA AB Insects are commonly found by Hawaii's quarantine inspectors on Christmas trees imported from the Pacific Northwest. To reduce the risk of importing yellowjacket (Vespula spp.) queens and other insects, an inspection and tree shaking certification program was begun in 1990. From 199:3 to 2006, the annual percentage of shipped containers rated by Hawaii quarantine inspectors as moderately or highly infested with insects was significantly higher for manually shaken trees than for mechanically shaken trees. Between 1993 and 2001, 343 insect species in total were recovered from Christmas trees. Live western yellowjacket 1 Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure)] queens were intercepted both from containers certified as manually shaken and from containers certified as mechanically shaken. The standard manual shaking protocol removed about one-half of the queens from Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees that were naturally infested with western yellowjacket queens. We investigated the use of preharvest sprays of permethrin as a complement to shaking procedures used to control yellowjackets and other insects. Western yellowjacket queens and honey bees (surrogates for wasp pests) were exposed to Noble fir foliage that had been sprayed in the field with permethrin >6 wk before harvest. Pesticide residues provided complete control (moribundity or mortality) in both species. The sprays did not affect needle retention or quality of Noble fir foliage. We conclude that preharvest sprays of pyrethroid insecticides could be used in combination with mechanical shaking to greatly reduce the quarantine risk of yellowjacket queens and other insects in exported Christmas trees. C1 [Hollingsworth, Robert G.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Chastagner, Gary A.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Reimer, Neil J.] Hawaii Dept Agr, Plant Pest Control Branch, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Oishi, Darcy E.] Hawaii Dept Agr, Quarantine Branch, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. [Landolt, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Yakinia Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Paull, Robert E.] Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM robert.hollingworth@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400012 PM 19253620 ER PT J AU Stark, JD Vargas, R AF Stark, John D. Vargas, Roger TI An Evaluation of Alternative Insecticides to Diazinon for Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Soil SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis; Bactrocera; soil insecticides; Warrior; Force ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; CENTRAL VALLEY; FLY DIPTERA; TOXICITY; REPRODUCTION; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; ENDOPARASITOIDS; AZADIRACHTIN AB Diazinon has been used extensively in the past as part of California eradication programs for tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a soil drench, but it is being phased out for this purpose in the United States. Therefore, in this study, the toxicity of Platinum, Force, Admire, Regent, and Warrior was estimated after application to sand and soil as drenches for control of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); melon fly. Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett); and oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in Hawaii. Susceptibility of each species differed. In sand, the order of toxicity at LC(50) based on the 95% confidence limit overlap approach for C. capitata from most toxic to least toxic was diazinon > Force = Warrior > Admire = Platinum > Regent. The order of toxicity for B. dorsalis was diazinon > Platinum = Warrior = Force > Regent = Admire. The order of toxicity for B. cucurbitae was Warrior = diazinon > Force = Regent = Platinum = Admire. Based on the dose ratio method, Warrior was not significantly different at LC(50) than diazinon for B. cucurbitae only. All other insecticides were significantly different from diazinon at LC(50) Studies in sand were followed by an evaluation of specific concentrations of Warrior and Force in soil collected from two sites on the island of Kauai. Average concentrations that caused at least 95% mortality in soil in all three fruit fly species were 121 g active ingredient (AI)/ha for Force and 363 g (AI)/ha for Warrior compared with 182 g (AI) /ha for diazinon. These results indicate that Force and Warrior could be used as soil treatments for control of tephritid fruit flies. C1 [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Vargas, Roger] ARS, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Stark, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM starkj@wsu.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; HI Area Wide Pest Management Program [58-5320-1-498]; McCombs; USDA; APHIS FX We thank Russell Ijima and Glenn Asmus for help with this project. This project was funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, HI Area Wide Pest Management Program (SCA 58-5320-1-498). We also thank Sue McCombs, USDA, APHIS, for partial support for this project. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400021 PM 19253629 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Armstrong, JS Spurgeon, DW Duke, S AF Suh, C. P. -C. Armstrong, J. S. Spurgeon, D. W. Duke, S. TI Comparisons of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Pheromone Traps With and Without Kill Strips SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; pheromone traps; kill strip; dichlorovos AB Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), eradication programs typically equip pheromone traps with an insecticide-impregnated kill strip. These strips are intended to kill captured insects, thereby simplifying trap servicing and reducing the loss of weevils from predation and escape. However; the effectiveness of kill strips has not been extensively evaluated. We examined the influences of kill strips on weevil captures, trap servicing, and the incidences of weevil predation and trap obstruction (e.g., by spider webs). Evaluations were conducted weekly during three different production periods (pre- to early-, late-, and postseason) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., to represent different environmental conditions and weevil population levels. Within each period, mean weekly captures of weevils in traits with and without kill strips were statistically similar. On average, traps with kill strips took 9 s longer to service than traps without kill strips, but statistical differences were only detected during the late-season period. Overall, the mean weekly proportion of traps with evidence of weevil predation or trap obstruction was significantly lower for traps with kill strips (0.25) than for traps without kill strips (0.37). However, this reduction in the frequency of weevil predation or trap obstruction was too small to produce a corresponding increase in the numbers of weevils captured. In light of these findings, the use of kill strips is likely unnecessary in eradication programs, but may be a consideration in situations when the numbers of deployed traps are reduced and chronic problems with weevil predation or trap obstruction exist. C1 [Suh, C. P. -C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Armstrong, J. S.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Spurgeon, D. W.] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Duke, S.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400027 PM 19253635 ER PT J AU Wang, YN Wang, HX Shen, ZJ Zhao, LL Clarke, SR Sun, JH Du, YY Shi, GL AF Wang, Y. N. Wang, H. X. Shen, Z. J. Zhao, L. L. Clarke, S. R. Sun, J. H. Du, Y. Y. Shi, G. L. TI Methyl Palmitate, an Acaricidal Compound Occurring in Green Walnut Husks SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE green walnut husks; methyl palmitate; acaricidal activity ID TETRANYCHUS-CINNABARINUS ACARI; JUGLANS-REGIA; FATTY-ACIDS; VIENNENSIS ACARI; SPIDER-MITE; EXTRACTS; CONSTITUENTS; URTICAE; DIPTERA; ESTERS AB Walnut, Juglans regia L., is known for its insecticidal activities to a range of herbivores and microbes. Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from walnut is a potential approach for the development of new pesticides. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the acaricidal activities of green husk extracts of walnut. Bioassay-guided fractionation of petroleum-ether extracts of walnut led to the identification of a common plant-borne fatty acid ester, methyl palmitate (MP), which produced strong acaricidal activity (62.8% mortality) at 1 mg/ml at 24 h. The structure of MP was characterized with infrared spectrum and NMR, and the identification of MP confirmed using an authentic standard on high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on a slide dip bioassay, 10 mg/ml MP provided 97.9% mortality against adults of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae), whereas mortality against eggs was much lower (57.2%). C1 [Wang, Y. N.; Shen, Z. J.; Du, Y. Y.; Shi, G. L.] Beijing Univ Agr, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Wang, H. X.] Shanxi Agr Univ, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, Peoples R China. [Clarke, S. R.] USDA Forest Serv, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. [Zhao, L. L.; Sun, J. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Shi, GL (reprint author), Beijing Univ Agr, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. EM glshi@126.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30872029]; Key Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality [6071001]; Beijing Municipal Sci-technology Committee; Beijing Municipal Education Committee; Beijing Municipal Education Commission Urban Agriculture Disciplines Development Project [XK100190553]; Human Resources Development in Institutes of Higher Learning FX We thank all members of the Key Laboratory of New Technology of Agricultural Application of Beijing for their advice, assistance, and technical help. We thank two anonymous experts for the critical review of the manuscript. Methyl palmitate was identified by NMR Laboratories of Tsinghua University. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 30872029), the Key Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (grant 6071001), the Beijing Municipal Sci-technology Committee (2006), the Beijing Municipal Education Committee (2006), the Beijing Municipal Education Commission Urban Agriculture Disciplines Development Project (XK100190553), and funding project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutes of Higher Learning under the jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400029 PM 19253637 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI Can the Amount of Corn Acreage Predict Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Infestation Levels in Nearby Cotton? SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; corn; Spodoptera frugiperda; migration ID HOST STRAINS; FLORIDA; TEXAS AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of corn, Zea mays L., and a significant, but more sporadic, pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the Western Hemisphere. Previous studies showed that the cotton infestations primarily involve a fall armyworm subpopulation known as the "corn-strain" for which corn is the preferred host plant. It was suggested that the fall armyworm infesting cotton originated in corn and spread into secondary hosts as their numbers increased. In this study, high positive correlations were found between corn acreage and fall armyworm infestation levels in cotton. These occurred between areas that are either geographically close or along plausible migration pathways. Formulae were derived from scatter plot and linear regression analysis that can predict infestation levels in cotton based on corn acreage. The implications of these results for describing and predicting fall armyworm population movements are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 210 EP 218 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400031 PM 19253639 ER PT J AU Colunga-Garcia, M Haack, RA Adelaja, AO AF Colunga-Garcia, Manuel Haack, Robert A. Adelaja, Adesoji O. TI Freight Transportation and the Potential for Invasions of Exotic Insects in Urban and Periurban Forests of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonindigenous species; invasive species; freight analysis framework; exurban forest; wildland-urban interface ID INTERCEPTIONS; COLEOPTERA; ECOLOGY; TRADE; PESTS AB Freight transportation is an important pathway for the introduction and dissemination of exotic forest insects (EFI). Identifying the final destination of imports is critical in determining the likelihood of EFI establishment. We analyzed the use of regional freight transport information to characterize risk of urban and periurban areas to EFI introductions. Specific objectives were to 1) approximate the final distribution of selected imports among urban areas of the United States, 2) characterize the final distribution of imports in terms of their spatial aggregation and dominant world region of origin, and 3) assess the effect of the final distribution of imports on the level of risk to urban and periurban forests from EFI. Freight pattern analyses were conducted for three categories of imports whose products or packaging materials are associated with EFI: wood products, nonmetallic mineral products, and machinery. The final distribution of wood products was the most evenly distributed of the three selected imports, whereas machinery was most spatially concentrated. We found that the type of import and the world region of origin greatly influence the final distribution of imported products. Risk assessment models were built based on the amount of forestland and imports for each urban area. The model indicated that: 84-88% of the imported tonnage went to only 4-6% of the urban areas in the contiguous United States. We concluded that freight movement information is critical for proper risk assessment of EFI. Implications of our findings and future research needs are discussed. C1 [Colunga-Garcia, Manuel] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Adelaja, Adesoji O.] Michigan State Univ, Land Policy Inst, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Colunga-Garcia, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, 205 Manly Miles Bldg,1405 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM colunga@msu.edu RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011 OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723 FU NRI-USDA/CSREES/Plant Biosecurity Program [2006-55605-166.58] FX We thank Laura Bix, Lucy Burde, and Trixie Smith for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by the NRI-USDA/CSREES/Plant Biosecurity Program grant 2006-55605-166.58. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 31 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400034 PM 19253642 ER PT J AU Qureshi, JA Rogers, ME Hall, DG Stansly, PA AF Qureshi, Jawwad A. Rogers, Michael E. Hall, David G. Stansly, Philip A. TI Incidence of Invasive Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Its Introduced Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Florida Citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Citrus sinensis; citrus greening; Diaphorina citri; Huanglongbing ID ASIAN CITRUS; KUWAYAMA HOMOPTERA; GREENING DISEASE; ABUNDANCE AB Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vectors the bacterium Candidates Liberibacter asiaticus, one of the causal organisms of the devastating citrus disease "huanglongbing" or citrus greening. In the United States, D. citri was first discovered in Florida, in 1998. Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was imported from Asia and released in Florida in 1999-2001 to improve biological control of D. cites before citrus greening was detected in Florida in 2005. Florida citrus groves were surveyed during 2006-2007 for D. citri and T. radiata. Results showed that D. citri was established in all 28 citrus groves surveyed across 16 counties. Adult populations averaged 3.52, 1.27, and 1.66 individuals per "tap" sample at locations in the central, southwest, and eastern coastal regions, respectively. A tap sample consisted of 22- by 28-cm white paper sheet (on a clipboard) held under branches selected at random that were tapped three times. Averages of 6 7, 44, and 45% citrus shoots infested with psyllid eggs or nymphs were obtained in the central, southwest, and eastern coastal regions, respectively. T. radiata was recovered from fourth- and fifth-instar psyllid nymphs at 26 of the 28 locations. However, apparent parasitism rates were variable and averaged < 20% during spring and sum-tier over all locations. Incidence of parasitism increased during fall at sortie locations, averaging 39% in September and 56% in November in the central and southwest regions, respectively. Further efforts are warranted to enhance the biological control of D. citri and thereby reduce psyllid populations and spread of citrus greening disease. C1 [Qureshi, Jawwad A.; Stansly, Philip A.] SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. [Rogers, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Qureshi, JA (reprint author), SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2686 SR 29N, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. EM jawwadq@ufl.edu FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX We are thankful to all the collaborating growers who allowed us to conduct studies at personal groves, to M. Triana for technical assistance, and to A. Chavez Division of Plant Industry for help with creating the map. Funds provided by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council (www. fcprac.com). NR 40 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 247 EP 256 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400035 PM 19253643 ER PT J AU Gent, DH James, DG Wright, LC Brooks, DJ Barbour, JD Dreves, AJ Fisher, GC Walton, VM AF Gent, D. H. James, D. G. Wright, L. C. Brooks, D. J. Barbour, J. D. Dreves, A. J. Fisher, G. C. Walton, V. M. TI Effects of Powdery Mildew Fungicide Programs on Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), Hop Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Their Natural Enemies in Hop Yards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation biological control; Humulus lupulus; Phorodon humuli; predaceous mites; Podosphaera macularis ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; PHORODON-HUMULI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WINE GRAPES; INTEGRATED CONTROL; PHYTOSEIID MITES; SULFUR; ABUNDANCE; RELEASE; URTICAE AB Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Aeari: Tetranychidae), and hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are the most important arthropod pests of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in the Northern Hemisphere. A potential barrier for greater adoption of conservation biological control strategies for spider mites and hop aphid is the extensive use of fungicides for management of hop powdery mildew, Podosphaera macularis (Wallr.:Fr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu. Field studies conducted in experimental plots in Oregon and Washington in 2005 and 2006 quantified the effects of powdery mildew fungicide programs (i.e., sulfur, paraffinic oil, and synthetic fungicides) on arthropod pests and natural enemies on hop. Fungicide treatment significantly affected spider mite populations in all four studies. Multiple applications of sulfur fungicides applied before burr development resulted in 1.4-3.3-fold greater spider mite populations during summer. Near the cessation of the sulfur applications, or after a lag of 20-30 d, spider mite populations increased significantly faster on sulfur treated plants compared with water-treated plants in three of four experiments. The effect of paraffinic oil on spider mites was varied, leading to exacerbation of spider mites in Oregon and Washington in 2005, suppression of mites in Oregon in 2006, and no significant effect compared with water in Washington in 2006. Significant relative treatment effects for cone damage due to spider mite feeding were detected in Oregon in 2005 in plots treated with sulfur and paraffinic oil compared with water and synthetic fungicides. Mean populations of hop aphids were similar among treatments in Oregon, although sulfur treatment suppressed hop aphid populations in Washington in 2005 and 2006. Populations of individual predacious insect species and cumulative abundance of macropredators were not consistently suppressed or stimulated by treatments in all trials. However, predatory mite abundance in Washington was affected by fungicide treatments, with plots treated with sulfur consistently having 10-fold fewer phytoseiids per leaf compared with the other treatments. Based on the results of these studies, powdery mildew fungicide programs that minimize or eliminate applications of sulfur and paraffinic oil would tend to conserve predatory mites and minimize the severity of spider mite outbreaks. However, mechanisms other than direct or indirect toxicity to phytoseiid mites likely are associated with exacerbation of spider mite outbreaks on hop. C1 [Gent, D. H.] USDA ARS, Forage & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, D. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [James, D. G.; Wright, L. C.; Brooks, D. J.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Barbour, J. D.] Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Dreves, A. J.; Fisher, G. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Walton, V. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Cereal Res Unit, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU Hop Research Council, WA Hop Commission, Oregon State University; Washington Hop Commission, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, Washington State University; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-035-00]; USDA-CSREES Western IPM Center [2007-34103-18579] FX We gratefully acknowledge technical support from Nanci Adair, Sandra Castle dal Conte, Oscar Garcia, Kazandra King, Gerry Lauby, Katie Roseboro, and Joanna Woods. We also thank Drs. Sujaya Rao and Silvia Rondon for review of an earlier draft of the manuscript. Funding for these studies was provided from the Hop Research Council, WA Hop Commission, Oregon State University, Washington Hop Commission, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, Washington State University, USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5358-21000-035-00, and USDA-CSREES Western IPM Center Award 2007-34103-18579. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 274 EP 286 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400038 PM 19253646 ER PT J AU Ranger, CM Reding, ME Oliver, JB Moyseenko, JJ Youssef, NN AF Ranger, Christopher M. Reding, Michael E. Oliver, Jason B. Moyseenko, James J. Youssef, Nadeer N. TI Toxicity of Botanical Formulations to Nursery-Infesting White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE essential oils; reduced-risk insecticides; biopesticides ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ROSMARINUS-OFFICINALIS; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; ALLIUM-SATIVUM; INSECTICIDES; NEEM; CONSTITUENTS; COMPONENTS; AZADIRACHTIN; LEPIDOPTERA AB The toxicity of eight botanically based biopesticides was evaluated against third instars of the scarab larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Popillia japonica Newman, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Anonuela orientalis Waterhouse, and Cycloeephala borealis Arrow. Soil dip bioassays were used to obtain concentration-mortality data 7 d after treatment of larvae, leading to the calculation of LC(50) and LC(90) values. A wide range in LC(50) and LC(90) values were exhibited among the formulations. The product Armorex was one of the most active formulations against P. japonica (LC(50) = 0.42 ml/liter), R. majalis (LC(50) = 0.48 ml/liter), A. orientalfs (LC(50) = 0.39 ml/liter), and C. borealis (LC(50) = 0.49 ml/liter). Armorex is composed of extracts from diverse botanical sources, including 84.5% sesame oil, 2.0% garlic oil, 2.0% clove oil, 1.0% rosemary oil, and 0.5% white pepper extracts. The product Azatin, composed of 3% azadirachtin, also exhibited high toxicity to P. japonica (LC(50) = 1.13 ml/liter), R. majalis (LC(50) = 0.81 ml/liter), and A. orientalfs (LC(50) = 1.87 ml/liter). Veggie Pharm is composed of extracts from diverse sources, but this product showed the lowest toxicity to P. japonica (LC(50) = 35.19 ml/liter), R. majalis (LC(50) = 62.10 ml/liter), A. orientalis (LC(50) = 43.76 ml/liter), and C. borealis (LC(50) = 50.24 ml/liter). These results document the potential for botanical formulations to control white grubs, but blending extracts from diverse botanical sources does not ensure enhanced biological activity. C1 [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.; Oliver, Jason B.; Moyseenko, James J.; Youssef, Nadeer N.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ranger, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM christopher.ranger@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 304 EP 308 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400041 PM 19253649 ER PT J AU Chen, AC He, HQ Temeyer, KB Jones, S Green, P Barker, SC AF Chen, Andrew C. He, Haiqi Temeyer, Kevin B. Jones, Shirley Green, Peter Barker, Stephen C. TI A Survey of Rhipicephulus microplus Populations for Mutations Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acaricide; DNA melting temperature; polymerase chain reaction; sodium channel; esterase ID TICK BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; CATTLE TICK; MYZUS-PERSICAE; POINT MUTATION; IXODIDAE; ACARI; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; PCR AB Mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were found in Mexican strains of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini). A mutation in the sodium channel gene was reported in strains highly resistant to permethrin and another mutation in an esterase gene in a strain that shows moderate resistance to the same pesticide. Methods based on the melting temperature difference of amplified allele-specific DNA fragments were developed that can detect these mutations rapidly in individual larvae. When these methods were applied to ticks from various strains of R. microplus from Australia, neither of these mutations could be demonstrated. Different resistance mechanisms have apparently developed independently between Australian and Mexican strains of R. microplus. C1 [Chen, Andrew C.; Temeyer, Kevin B.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [He, Haiqi] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Jones, Shirley] Tick Fever Res Ctr, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia. [Barker, Stephen C.] Univ Queensland, Parasitol Sect, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Chen, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andychen@tamu.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400049 PM 19253657 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Andow, DA Abel, CA Sumerford, DV Hernandez, G Lopez, JD Adams, L Groot, A Leonard, R Parker, R Payne, G Perera, OP Teran-Vargas, AP Azuara-Dominguez, A AF Blanco, Carlos A. Andow, David A. Abel, Craig A. Sumerford, Douglas V. Hernandez, Gerardo Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Adams, Larry Groot, Astrid Leonard, Rogers Parker, Roy Payne, Gregory Perera, O. P. Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. Azuara-Dominguez, Ausencio TI Bacillus thuringiensis CrylAc Resistance Frequency in Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; insecticide resistance management; F-2 screen; Bt-resistance allele frequency; single-pair families ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; FIELD POPULATIONS; F-2 SCREEN; TOXIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; MISSISSIPPI; ALLELES; CRY1AB AB The tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important: pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., that has become resistant to a wide range of synthetic insecticides. CrylAc-expressing cotton has proven its effectiveness against this insect since its introduction in North America in 19%. However, the constant exposure of tobacco budworm to this protein toxin may result in the development of resistance to it. To estimate the frequency of alleles that confer resistance to a 1.0 mu g of Bacillus thuringiensis CrylAc diagnostic concentration in field-collected insects, the second generation (F-2) of 1,001 single-pair families from seven geographical regions representing 2,202 alleles from natural populations was screened in 2006 and 2007 without finding major resistant alleles. Neonates of 56 single-pair families were able to develop to second instar on the diagnostic concentration in the initial screen, but only seven of these lines did so again in a second confirmatory screen. Minor resistance alleles to CrylAc may be quite common in natural populations of H. virescens. Our estimated resistance allele frequencies (0.0036-0.0263) were not significantly different from a previously published estimate from 1993. There is no evidence that H. virescens populations have become more resistant to CrylAc. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Abel, Craig A.; Adams, Larry; Perera, O. P.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Andow, David A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hernandez, Gerardo] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Matemat, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Groot, Astrid] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leonard, Rogers] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Parker, Roy] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. [Payne, Gregory] State Univ W Georgia, Dept Biol, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.] INIFAP, Cuauhtemoc, Tam, Mexico. [Azuara-Dominguez, Ausencio] Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM carlos.blanco@ars.usda.gov RI Groot, Astrid/A-8954-2013 OI Groot, Astrid/0000-0001-9595-0161 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400050 PM 19253658 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Favret, C Carmichael, A Voegtlin, DJ AF Miller, Gary L. Favret, Colin Carmichael, Andrew Voegtlin, David J. TI Is There a Cryptic Species Within Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) ? SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foxglove aphid; glasshouse potato aphid; cytochrome oxidase I ID HOMOPTERA; INSECTA; VIRUS; CROPS AB Examination of DNA sequences of the 5' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene of Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reveals little variation between samples from broad geographic provenances. The apparent genetic similarity despite A. solani's morphological and biological differences contrasts with the species complexes of other aphid pests. C1 [Miller, Gary L.; Favret, Colin; Carmichael, Andrew] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Voegtlin, David J.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.miller@ars.usda.gov RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012 OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184 FU Discover Life in America (Gatlinburg, TN) FX We thank Discover Life in America (Gatlinburg, TN) for funding to sample aphids in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee and North Carolina). We acknowledge J. Lozier (Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL) and J. Prena, and R. Ochoa (USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory) for manuscript reviews. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 398 EP 400 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400053 PM 19253661 ER PT J AU Barr, NB AF Barr, Norman B. TI Pathway Analysis of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Mitochondrial DNA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis; invasive; polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism; DNA barcode; pathway analysis ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENE FLOW; POPULATIONS; INFESTATIONS; CALIFORNIA; INVASION; MICROSATELLITE; ORIGIN; DIFFERENTIATION AB The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method described in a previous publication to document worldwide population structure of Mediterranean fruit flies and analyze probable sources of fly introductions is re-evaluated. Analysis of representatives of the RFLP-based markers using the ND5-tRNA-ND4 mitochondrial locus through DNA sequencing shows that the original markers produced haplotypes that are homoplasic and exclude valuable information. DNA sequences also identified errors in data generated with the protocol because of failure of the Xbal enzyme to efficiently cut PCR product. In all, the PCR-RFLP method is able to document haplotypes present in medfly populations outside of Sub-Saharan Africa and is a cost-effective approach to pathway analysis. New primer pairs for analysis of this locus are reported that reduce the number of PCR steps required to analyze the RFLP marker and the time of each PCR run. For comparison of the PCR-RFLP method, the utility of a DNA sequence-based approach to Mediterranean fruit fly pathway analysis is reported using the ND5-ND4 locus and the proposed "barcode region" of the COI gene. Both gene sequences are more informative than the PCR-RFLP method and document high genetic variation within Sub-Saharan Africa. Application of these methods as tools and their interpretation. is discussed. C1 USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM Norman.B.Barr@aphis.usda.gov NR 39 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 401 EP 411 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400054 PM 19253662 ER PT J AU Macedo, TB Peterson, RKD Weaver, DK Ni, XZ AF Macedo, Tulio B. Peterson, Robert K. D. Weaver, David K. Ni, Xinzhi TI Impact of Diuraphis noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Primary Physiology of Four Near-Isogenic Wheat Lines SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant-insect interactions; plant resistance; photosynthesis; photosynthetic pigments; herbivory ID PLANT INTRODUCTION LINES; ORANGE-FREE-STATE; RUSSIAN WHEAT; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; SUSCEPTIBLE WHEAT; CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION; PECAN APHID; TOP-ROLL; RESISTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The impact of feeding injury by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on susceptible and resistant wheat, Triticum aestivum L., near-isogenic lines 'Tugela' (susceptible), Tugela-Dn1 (antibiotic), Tugela-Dn2 (tolerant), and Tugela-Dn5 (antixenotic) was evaluated by assessing photosynthetic parameters. Photosynthesis and closely related parameters, pigment composition, and nonstructural carbohydrates were measured at 1, 3, and 9 d after aphids were introduced on plants maintained under greenhouse conditions. Overall, R. padi had a higher reproductive capacity within a period of 9 d compared with D. noxia on all lines except Tugela-Dn2. Although the visible injury symptoms associated with aphid injury can be highly species specific, the data indicate that photosynthetic reduction is a common physiological pattern of wheat response to aphid feeding, irrespective of chlorosis elicitation. Although both aphids negatively affected net photosynthesis, D. noxia had a greater impact than R. padi, even when aphid numbers were considerably fewer for D. noxia (100-150 aphids per plant) compared with R. padi (>200 aphids per plant). The photosynthetic pigment and carbohydrate data suggest that the initial net photosynthesis reduction elicited by aphid feeding may not be directly related to the light reaction portion of the photosynthetic pathway via pigment losses. It is also unlikely that source-sink manipulation is the primary cause for the observed short-term inhibition of photosynthesis. C1 [Peterson, Robert K. D.; Weaver, David K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Macedo, Tulio B.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens Agr & Nat Resources, Madera, CA 93637 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Peterson, RKD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bpeterson@montana.edu RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 FU USDA CSREES; Novel Semiochemical; Pathogen-based Management Strategies for the Wheat Stem Sawfly and Cereal Aphids; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT FX We thank C. Dausz for technical support. Support for this research was provided by the USDA CSREES Special Research grant "Novel Semiochemical- and Pathogen-based Management Strategies for the Wheat Stem Sawfly and Cereal Aphids;" the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, and Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 412 EP 421 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400055 PM 19253663 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH Simon, R Spooner, DM AF Jansky, S. H. Simon, R. Spooner, D. M. TI A Test of Taxonomic Predictivity: Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Potato SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potato; Solanum; host resistance; Colorado potato beetle; wild species ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; TUBER SOFT-ROT; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; LATE-BLIGHT; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; INSECT RESISTANCE; GLANDULAR HAIRS; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Wild relatives of potato offer a tremendous germplasm resource for breeders. Because the germplasm base of potato is so broad and diverse, we have undertaken a series of studies to determine whether we can predict the distribution of valuable genes in wild Solanum species based on taxonomic or biogeographic data. This is the third study in the series. Resistance to defoliation by Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, larvae was evaluated in 156 accessions of 41 wild Solanum species. The highest frequencies of resistant accessions were found in diploid species with an endosperm balance number of 1. In contrast to previous studies on resistance to foliar fungal pathogens, there was little variability in defoliation scores among plants within an accession and among accessions within a species, at least for the most resistant species. There was no strong association of Colorado potato beetle resistance in wild potato species to biogeographic data. Resistance was confirmed in species previously characterized by high levels of glycoalkaloids or dense glandular trichomes. However, we have identified additional species with resistance to the Colorado potato beetle. Mechanisms of resistance are being studied in these species and attempts will be made to introgress them into the cultivated potato. C1 [Jansky, S. H.; Spooner, D. M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, R.] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu OI Simon, Reinhard/0000-0002-4608-9077 FU USDA; USDA, CIP; NSF [DEB 0316614] FX We gratefully acknowledge the data collection by Andy Hamernik (USDA-ARS). Germplasm wits provided by the NRSP-6 Potato Genebank (Sturgeon Bay, WI). This research was supported by the USDA, CIP, and by NSF DEB 0316614 (to D.M.S.). NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 422 EP 431 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400056 PM 19253664 ER PT J AU Shufran, KA Payton, TL AF Shufran, Kevin A. Payton, Tracey L. TI Limited Genetic Variation Within and Between Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia; host plant resistance; Dn4 gene; invasive species; founder effect ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; HOST-ADAPTED RACES; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; HESSIAN FLY; NEW-ZEALAND; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; RESISTANCE GENES; SPECIES COMPLEX AB Insect biotypes are populations able to kill or injure crops with resistance genes and complicate pest management programs based on host plant resistance. Biotypes occur in Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a worldwide pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and barley, Hordeum vulgare L., that was introduced into Mexico in 1980 and then spread into Texas by 1986. Five D. noxia biotypes were described in the United States and given the number designations 1 through 5. Of these, only Biotypes 1 and 2, which are nondamaging and damaging to Dn4-resistant wheat, respectively, are common and agriculturally important. Only a single clone of Biotypes 3, 4, and 5 were found in nature and now exist in the laboratory. The biotypes were found after 5 yr of the commercial planting of resistant wheat and their origin is unknown. To understand the genetic relatedness and origin of D. noxia biotypes in the United States, we used three molecular markers to assay for genetic variation within and between Biotypes 1 and 2, and for variation between Biotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. A single random amplified polymorphic DNA polymorphism was found in only two individuals. No DNA sequence variation in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene was found between 26 D. noxia clones. No variation was found at seven examined simple sequence repeat loci. Results suggest Biotype 2 originated from the extant population and does not represent a second introduction of a genetically divergent biotype. C1 [Shufran, Kevin A.] USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Crop Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Payton, Tracey L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Crop Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM kevin.shufran@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 440 EP 445 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400058 PM 19253666 ER PT J AU Hall, DG AF Hall, David G. TI An Assessment of Yellow Sticky Card Traps as Indicators of the Abundance of Adult Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus greening disease; huanglongbing; psyllid ID ASIAN CITRUS; GREENING DISEASE; HOMOPTERA; FLORIDA; BIOLOGY; SEX AB Yellow sticky card traps were assessed as a tool for estimating absolute densities of adult Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in citrus. Weekly trapping was conducted in young and mature trees with traps deployed directly in trees, one trap per tree. In addition, a comparison was made between one and three traps per tree in the mature trees. Solar radiation was positively correlated with numbers of adults trapped per week in both groups of trees. Air temperature was positively correlated with captures of adults in the mature trees. The value of traps as indicators of absolute densities of adults was therefore reduced by changes in sunlight and temperature. Captures of adults were not reduced by rain. A positive correlation was found for data from the young trees between trap captures of adults and maximum daily wind speed. Significant correlations were found between numbers of adults on leaves and traps. However, little confidence could be placed on individual predictions of adult densities on leaves based on numbers of adults on traps. Increasing the number of traps per tree from one to three did not improve individual estimates, although detection of adults in trees was improved using three traps when adult population levels were low. A better quantitative relationship between adults on traps and leaves might have been determined if greater sample sizes had been used to estimate densities. Regardless, day-to-day differences in sunlight and air temperature will influence numbers of adults captured on traps, thus reducing the value of traps as indicators of absolute densities. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM david.hall@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 446 EP 452 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 402UU UT WOS:000263039400059 PM 19253667 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Copeland, NS AF Foltz, Randy B. Copeland, Natalie S. TI Evaluating the efficacy of wood shreds for mitigating erosion SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Erosion; Erosion control; Mitigation; Mulch; Wood shreds ID SIDESLOPES; SOILS AB An erosion control product made by shredding on-site, woody materials was evaluated for mitigating erosion through a series of rainfall simulations. Tests were conducted on bare soil and soil with 30, 50, and 70% cover oil a coarse and a fine-grained soil. Results indicated that the wood product known as wood shreds reduced runoff and soil loss from both soil types. Erosion mitigation ranged from 60 to nearly 100% depending on the soil type and amount of concentrated flow and wood shred cover. Wood shreds appear to be a viable alternative to agricultural straw. A wood shred cover of 50% appears optimal, but the appropriate coverage rate will depend On the amount of expected concentrated flow and soil type. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Foltz, Randy B.; Copeland, Natalie S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us; ncopeland@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.01.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386PQ UT WOS:000261895500012 PM 18294754 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Dinar, A Howitt, RE Rassenti, SJ Smith, VL Weinberg, M AF Murphy, James J. Dinar, Ariel Howitt, Richard E. Rassenti, Stephen J. Smith, Vernon L. Weinberg, Marca TI The design of water markets when instream flows have value SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water markets; Water transfers; Institutions; Instream flows; Experiments ID INSTITUTIONS; RIGHTS AB The main objective of this paper is to design and test a decentralized exchange mechanism that generates the location-specific pricing necessary to achieve efficient allocations in the presence of instream flow values. Although a market-oriented approach has the potential to improve upon traditional command and control regulations, questions remain about how these rights-based institutions can be implemented such that the potential gains from liberalized trade can be realized. This article uses laboratory experiments to test three different water market institutions designed to incorporate instream flow values into the allocation mechanism through active participation of an environmental trader. The smart, computer-coordinated market described herein offers the potential to significantly reduce coordination problems and transaction costs associated with finding mutually beneficial trades that satisfy environmental constraints. We find that direct environmental participation in the market can achieve highly efficient and stable outcomes, although the potential does exist for the environmental agent to influence outcomes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, James J.] Univ Alaska, Dept Econ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dinar, Ariel] World Bank, Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Howitt, Richard E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rassenti, Stephen J.; Smith, Vernon L.] George Mason Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Econ Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Weinberg, Marca] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Econ, Rasmuson Hall,3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jmurphy@cbpp.uaa.alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [SBR-9513406]; Environmental Protection Agency [SBR-9513406] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency, joint grant number SBR-9513406, "Environmental Change and Adaptive Resource Markets: Computer-Assisted Markets for Water Allocation," as part of the Human Dimensions of Global Climate Change Initiative: the John M. Olin Foundation; and the Charles H. Redd Foundation. David Zetland provided research assistance. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 1089 EP 1096 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.04.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386PQ UT WOS:000261895500045 PM 18499333 ER PT J AU Ioannidi, E Kalamaki, MS Engineer, C Pateraki, I Alexandrou, D Mellidou, I Giovannonni, J Kanellis, AK AF Ioannidi, Eugenia Kalamaki, Mary S. Engineer, Cawas Pateraki, Irene Alexandrou, Dimitris Mellidou, Ifigeneia Giovannonni, James Kanellis, Angelos K. TI Expression profiling of ascorbic acid-related genes during tomato fruit development and ripening and in response to stress conditions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Anoxic and post-anoxic stress; ascorbic acid; biosynthesis; ethylene; gene expression; stress; tomato; Solanum lycopersicon; Ailsa Craig ID DE-NOVO BIOSYNTHESIS; MANNOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE GENE; OXYGEN DEPRIVATION STRESS; L-GALACTOSE DEHYDROGENASE; ACEROLA MALPIGHIA-GLABRA; PLANT-CELL WALL; VITAMIN-C; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; L-GALACTONO-1,4-LACTONE DEHYDROGENASE; OVER-EXPRESSION AB L-Ascorbate (the reduced form of vitamin C) participates in diverse biological processes including pathogen defence mechanisms, and the modulation of plant growth and morphology, and also acts as an enzyme cofactor and redox status indicator. One of its chief biological functions is as an antioxidant. L-Ascorbate intake has been implicated in the prevention/alleviation of varied human ailments and diseases including cancer. To study the regulation of accumulation of this important nutraceutical in fruit, the expression of 24 tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) genes involved in the biosynthesis, oxidation, and recycling of L-ascorbate during the development and ripening of fruit have been characterized. Taken together with L-ascorbate abundance data, the results show distinct changes in the expression profiles for these genes, implicating them in nodal regulatory roles during the process of L-ascorbate accumulation in tomato fruit. The expression of these genes was further studied in the context of abiotic and post-harvest stress, including the effects of heat, cold, wounding, oxygen supply, and ethylene. Important aspects of the hypoxic and post-anoxic response in tomato fruit are discussed. The data suggest that L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase could play an important role in regulating ascorbic acid accumulation during tomato fruit development and ripening. C1 [Ioannidi, Eugenia; Kalamaki, Mary S.; Engineer, Cawas; Pateraki, Irene; Alexandrou, Dimitris; Mellidou, Ifigeneia; Kanellis, Angelos K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Div Pharmacognosy Pharmacol, Grp Biotechnol Pharmaceut Plants, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Giovannonni, James] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannonni, James] ARS, USDA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kanellis, AK (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Div Pharmacognosy Pharmacol, Grp Biotechnol Pharmaceut Plants, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM kanellis@pharm.auth.gr RI Kanellis, Angelos/B-7998-2010; Pateraki, Irini/A-5957-2015 OI Kanellis, Angelos/0000-0002-7653-440X; Pateraki, Irini/0000-0002-7526-2334 FU GSRT-GR-UK; [EU-FOOD-CT-2006-016214] FX This work was supported by EU-FOOD-CT-2006-016214 and (GSRT-GR-UK joint program in Agricultural Biotechnology). NR 77 TC 95 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 60 IS 2 BP 663 EP 678 DI 10.1093/jxb/em322 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 415RX UT WOS:000263953400028 PM 19129160 ER PT J AU Bebak, J McAllister, PE AF Bebak, J. McAllister, P. E. TI Continuous exposure to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus during early life stages of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE exposure; infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; rainbow trout; survival ID SALMONID FISH; DENSITY; FRY; TSHAWYTSCHA; PREVALENCE; WATER AB Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were exposed continuously to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) at 0, 10(1), 10(3) or 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) L(-1) of water to estimate the effects of chronic IPNV exposure on early life stages. Fish density averaged 35 fish L(-1) (low density) or 140 fish L(-1) (high density), and the tank flow rate was 250 mL(-1) min. Virus exposure began at 6 days before hatch and continued until fish were 44 days old. Cumulative per cent mortality, analysis of survival and hazard functions, and discrete-time event analysis were used to explore the patterns of survival and mortality. In eggs and fish exposed to IPNV, mortality significantly greater than in the 0 pfu L(-1) exposure did not occur until IPNV concentration was 10(5) pfu L(-1) at low fish density and 10(3) pfu IPNV L(-1) at high fish density. These results suggest that in the natural aquatic environment, where rainbow trout densities are likely to be considerably lower than in this study, mortality resulting from infection with IPNV will very likely not occur when ambient concentrations of virus are <= 10(3) pfu IPNV L(-1). In aquaculture rearing units, trout density is likely to be as high or higher than the densities used in this study. Therefore, continuous inputs of virus at concentrations greater than 10(1) pfu L(-1) may result in IPN epidemics in aquaculture facilities. C1 [Bebak, J.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [McAllister, P. E.] US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Bebak, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julie.bebak@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00974.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414JJ UT WOS:000263859400006 PM 19261044 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Mitchell, AJ Straus, DL AF Darwish, A. M. Mitchell, A. J. Straus, D. L. TI Evaluation of potassium permanganate against an experimental subacute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; experimental columnaris; Flavobacterium columnare; Ictalurus puntatus; potassium permanganate ID CHALLENGE MODEL; EFFICACY; PONDS AB An experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) as a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of an experimental subacute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were cutaneously abraded and divided into five treatment groups: (i) challenged by waterborne exposure to F. columnare and not treated with KMnO(4) (positive control), (ii) challenged and simultaneously treated with KMnO(4,) (iii) challenged and treated with KMnO(4) at 1, 6 and 9 days post-challenge, (iv) not challenged and treated with KMnO(4) at 1, 6 and 9 days post-challenge (first negative control) and (v) not challenged and not treated (second negative control). The dosing of KMnO(4) was 2.0 mg L(-1) above the potassium permanganate demand for 2 h duration. The survival of the group challenged and simultaneously treated with KMnO(4) (99%) was significantly higher than the positive control (78%) and was not significantly different from the negative control groups. The challenged fish treated with KMnO(4) post-challenge had 7% higher survival than the positive control (85% compared with 78%), but that difference was not statistically significant. The results demonstrate that KMnO(4) has a clear prophylactic value but probably a marginal therapeutic value once the infection has established. C1 [Darwish, A. M.; Mitchell, A. J.; Straus, D. L.] ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM ahmed.darwish@ars.usda.gov RI Straus, David/A-9218-2009 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01015.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414JJ UT WOS:000263859400008 PM 19261046 ER PT J AU Perry, A Rasmussen, H Johnson, EJ AF Perry, Alisa Rasmussen, Helen Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Xanthophyll (lutein, zeaxanthin) content in fruits, vegetables and corn and egg products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Lutein; Zeaxanthin; Carotenoids; Corn products; Egg products; Food composition ID MACULAR DEGENERATION; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; CAROTENOIDS; SUPPLEMENTATION; LYCOPENE; PIGMENT; PLASMA; FOODS; JUICE AB Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that are selectively taken up into the macula of the eye where they are thought to protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration. Current dietary databases make it difficult to ascertain their individual roles in eye health because their concentrations in foods are generally reported together. The objective of this work is to determine the concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, separately, within major food Sources of dietary xanthophylls as determined by NHANES 2001-2002 intakes. Corn and corn products were found to be major contributors of dietary zeaxanthin whereas green leafy vegetables were major contributors of dietary lutein. The predominant isomeric xanthophyll form was trans for all foods. processed foods contained more cis xanthophyll isomers than fruits and vegetables. These data will provide added information to the current databases for lutein and zeaxanthin content of commonly consumed foods as well as enhance the validity of estimates of dietary intake of these xanthophylls and their respective contributions to health. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, Alisa; Rasmussen, Helen; Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU USDA [1950-5100-065]; Chrysantis, Inc. FX Supported by USDA 1950-5100-065 and Chrysantis, Inc. Any opinions, findings, conclusions. or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 23 TC 88 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.07.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 430KW UT WOS:000264989000002 ER PT J AU Maras, JE Newby, PK Bakun, PJ Ferrucci, L Tucker, KL AF Maras, Janice E. Newby, P. K. Bakun, Peter J. Ferrucci, Luigi Tucker, Katherine L. TI Whole grain intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Whole grains; Wheat; Bran; Germ; Fiber; Database; Food composition ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIETARY FIBER; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; CONSUMPTION; CANCER; MEN AB Our objective was to identify major dietary Sources of whole grains and to describe the construction of a database of whole grain content of foods. Dietary information was collected with 7-d food records from men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, mean age 62.1 +/- 16.0 years, who participated in the dietary assessment portion of the study (n = 1516), and estimates of whole grain intake were obtained from a newly developed database. The Pyramid Servings database and 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) recipe ingredients database were then used to calculate both servings and gram weights of whole grain intakes. Mean intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and total grains, as well as frequency of intake for major whole grain food groups and whole grain content for each group, were calculated. Top contributors of whole grains were ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (made with whole grain as well as bran), hot breakfast cereals (made with whole grain), multi-grain bread, and whole wheat bread. While more research is needed to better understand the benefits of whole grains, the development of research tools, including databases to accurately assess whole grain intake, is a critical step in completing such research. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Maras, Janice E.; Bakun, Peter J.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Ferrucci, Luigi] NIA, Baltimore Longitudinal Study Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [Z01 AG000015-50] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.10.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 430KW UT WOS:000264989000008 PM 20126297 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan TI Thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef under isothermal and dynamic temperature conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Thermal inactivation; Modeling; Kinetic analysis; L. monocytogenes ID MICROBIAL SURVIVAL CURVES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; WEIBULL MODEL; GROWTH; SALMONELLA; HEAT; ENUMERATION; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS AB The objective of this research was to compare the suitability of three kinetic models for describing the survival of a cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef under both isothermal and dynamic temperature conditions. Ground beef (93% lean), inoculated with a 4-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes, was subjected to heating at 57, 60, 63, or 66 degrees C to develop isothermal kinetic models. Experimental data showed that the isothermal survival curves were not strictly linear and were downwardly concaved. The isothermal inactivation of L. monocytogenes in ground beef was better described by two nonlinear kinetic models, the Weibull-type and the modified Gompertz models. Analytical results showed that root mean square error values (RMSE) of the Weibull-type and the modified Gompertz models were 0.19 and 0.20 log(CFU/g), both significantly smaller than that of the linear model (0.48 log(CFU/g)). Under linear heating dynamic conditions, however, only the modified Gompertz model, with a RMSE of only 0.71 log(CFU/g), was suitable for describing the survival of the pathogen. Both linear and Weibull-type models grossly underestimated the survival of L. monocytogenes in ground beef during dynamic heating. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Lihan.Huang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.07.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 361OJ UT WOS:000260136700009 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Pan, ZL AF Zhu, Yi Pan, Zhongli TI Processing and quality characteristics of apple slices under simultaneous infrared dry-blanching and dehydration with continuous heating SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Infrared; Continuous heating; Blanching; Dehydration; Apple ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY; THERMAL INACTIVATION; PEROXIDASE INACTIVATION; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; GREEN BEANS; KINETICS; LIPOXYGENASE; CARROTS; PEAS AB This Study investigated the effects of various processing parameters on apple slices exposed to infrared (IR) radiation heating in a continuous heating mode for achieving simultaneous infrared dry-blanching and dehydration (SIRDBD). The investigated parameters were radiation intensity, slice thickness and processing time. A three-factor factorial experiment design was conducted to determine the influence of parameters on the heating and drying rates, product temperature, moisture reduction, residual polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities and Surface color change (Delta E). High radiation intensity and/or thin slices had faster increase of product temperature, and quicker moisture removal and inactivation of PPO and POD, than did low radiation intensity and/or thick slices. The simple page model performed well for describing drying behavior during SIRDBD. The first-order kinetics and the fractional conversion models fitted well for PPO and POD inactivation curves, respectively. Surface color changes of apple slices were mainly due to the decrease of L value and increase of a Value, which corresponded to enzymatic browning occurred during the process. To achieve I log reduction of POD, the SIRDBD treatments resulted in moisture reductions of 15.35-49.29% and Delta E between 2.030 and 5.518. It has been concluded that SIRDBD with continuous heating could be used as an alternative to the current processing methods for producing high-quality blanched and partially dehydrated fruits and vegetables. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhu, Yi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 40 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 EI 1873-5770 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.07.015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 373QC UT WOS:000260986000004 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, T. P. TI Predictive Model for Survival and Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on Chicken Skin during Temperature Abuse SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LOW INITIAL DENSITY; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; GROUND CHICKEN; SALT CONTENT; VALIDATION; MICROFLORA; POULTRY; PH; CAMPYLOBACTER AB To better predict risk of Salmonella infection from chicken subjected to temperature abuse, a study was undertaken to develop a predictive model for survival and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on chicken skin with native flora. For model development, chicken skin portions (2.14 cm(2)) were inoculated with 0.85 log of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (ATCC 700408) and then stored at 5 to 50 degrees C for 8 h. Kinetic data from the storage trials were fit to a primary model to determine lag time (lambda), specific growth rate (mu), and the 95% prediction interval (PI). Secondary models for lambda, mu, and PI as a function of storage temperature were developed and then combined with the primary model to create a tertiary model. Performance of the tertiary model was evaluated against dependent data, independent data for interpolation, and independent data for extrapolation to kosher chicken skin by using an acceptable prediction zone from -1 (fail-safe) to 0.5 (fail-dangerous) log per skin portion. Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on chicken skin was observed during 8 h of storage at 5 to 20 degrees C and at 50 degrees C, whereas growth was observed from 25 to 45 degrees C and was optimal at 40 degrees C with a lambda of 2.5 h and a mu of 1.1 log/h. Variation of pathogen growth, as assessed by PI, increased in a nonlinear manner as a function of temperature and was greater for growth conditions than no-growth conditions. The percentage of acceptable prediction errors was 82.6% for dependent data, 83.7% for independent data for interpolation, and 81.6% for independent data for extrapolation to kosher skin, which all exceeded the performance criterion of 70% acceptable predictions. Thus, it was concluded that the tertiary model provided valid predictions for survival and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 from a low initial dose on both nonkosher and kosher chicken skin with native flora. C1 [Oscar, T. P.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Oscar, T. P.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Ctr Excellence Poultry Food Safety Res, USDA 1890, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM Thomas.Oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 72 IS 2 BP 304 EP 314 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 404XQ UT WOS:000263186700010 PM 19358364 ER PT J AU Jacob, R Porto-Fett, ACS Call, JE Luchansky, JB AF Jacob, Renata Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Call, Jeffrey E. Luchansky, John B. TI Fate of Surface-Inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium on Kippered Beef during Extended Storage at Refrigeration and Abusive Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURING PROCESS; O157-H7; JERKY; VALIDATION; MARINADES; SURVIVAL; FERMENTATION; PEPPERONI; VIABILITY; SOUDJOUK AB The behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium on kippered beef was evaluated. Individual pieces of the product were separately inoculated on the top and bottom surfaces with each three- to six-strain pathogen cocktail at ca. 6.0 log CFU per piece and stored at 4, 10, 21, or 30 degrees C for up to 28 days in each of two trials. When kippered beef was inoculated with E coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or L. monocytogenes and stored at 4, 10, 2 1, or 30 degrees C for up to 28 days, pathogen numbers decreased ca. 0.4 to 0.9, 1.0 to 1.8, 3.0 to >= 5.25, and >= 5.0 to 5.25 log CFU per piece, respectively. Average D-values for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes stored at 4 to 30 degrees C for 28 days were ca. 41 to 4.6, 40.8 to 5.3, and 29.5 to 4.3 days, respectively. As expected, the higher the storage temperature, the greater the level and rate of inactivation for all three pathogens. These data establish that kippered beef does not provide an environment conducive to proliferation of these pathogens. C1 [Jacob, Renata; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Call, Jeffrey E.; Luchansky, John B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Jacob, Renata] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Agri Food Ind Food & Nutr, Piracicaba, Brazil. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Luchansky@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 72 IS 2 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 404XQ UT WOS:000263186700023 PM 19350987 ER PT J AU Hirooka, Y Ishikawa, S Takeuchi, J Horie, H Nakayama, K Koitabashi, M Okuda, S Natsuaki, KT AF Hirooka, Yuuri Ishikawa, Seiju Takeuchi, Jun Horie, Hiromichi Nakayama, Kiichi Koitabashi, Motoo Okuda, Seiichi Natsuaki, Keiko T. TI New cylindrocladium diseases of strawberry and coral bells caused by Cylindrocladium canadense SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blight; Damping off; Fragaria x ananassa; Heuchera sanguinea; Cylindrocladium canadense AB Based on inoculation experiments and morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, Cylindrocladium damping-off of strawberry and Cylindrocladium blight of coral bells in Japan were demonstrated to be caused by Cylindrocladium canadense. This is the first report of a disease on strawberry and coral bells caused by this fungus. C1 [Hirooka, Yuuri] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ishikawa, Seiju; Nakayama, Kiichi] Tochigi Prefectural Agr Expt Stn, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3200002, Japan. [Takeuchi, Jun] Tokyo Metropolitan Agr & Forestry Res Ctr, Tokyo 1900013, Japan. [Horie, Hiromichi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Koitabashi, Motoo] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Okuda, Seiichi] Utsunomiya Univ, Dept Fac Agr, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218505, Japan. [Natsuaki, Keiko T.] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Int Agr Dev, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. RP Hirooka, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Rm 330,B-011A 10300 Beltsville Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yuuri.hirooka@ars.usda.gov FU NIAS ( National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences) Genebank FX We gratefully acknowledge the valuable suggestions of Dr. Takao Kobayashi, Tokyo University of Agriculture. We also express gratitude to Dr. Amy Rossman, United States Department of Agriculture for English correction. This study was supported in part by grants provided by a research project of the NIAS ( National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences) Genebank in 2006. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1345-2630 J9 J GEN PLANT PATHOL JI J. Gen. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10327-008-0136-y PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 399VY UT WOS:000262828600012 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Huffman, GJ Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ AF Crow, Wade T. Huffman, George J. Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. TI Improving Satellite-Based Rainfall Accumulation Estimates Using Spaceborne Surface Soil Moisture Retrievals SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Over land, remotely sensed surface soil moisture and rainfall accumulation retrievals contain complementary information that can be exploited for the mutual benefit of both product types. Here, a Kalman filtering - based tool is developed that utilizes a time series of spaceborne surface soil moisture retrievals to enhance short-term (2- to 10-day) satellite-based rainfall accumulation products. Using ground rain gauge data as a validation source, and a soil moisture product derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer aboard the NASA Aqua satellite, the approach is evaluated over the contiguous United States. Results demonstrate that, for areas of low to moderate vegetation cover density, the procedure is capable of improving short-term rainfall accumulation estimates extracted from a variety of satellite-based rainfall products. The approach is especially effective for correcting rainfall accumulation estimates derived without the aid of ground-based rain gauge observations. Special emphasis is placed on demonstrating that the approach can be applied in continental areas lacking ground-based observations and/or long-term satellite data records. C1 [Crow, Wade T.; Bindlish, Rajat] USDA, ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Rm 104,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Huffman, George/F-4494-2014 OI Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308 FU NASA EOS [NNH04AC301]; Robert Kuligowski (NOAA/NESDIS); NOAA/Climate Prediction Center FX This research was partially supported by NASA EOS Grant NNH04AC301. Data support from Robert Kuligowski (NOAA/NESDIS) and the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1175/2008JHM986.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414GX UT WOS:000263853000012 ER PT J AU Elder, K Cline, D Liston, GE Armstrong, R AF Elder, Kelly Cline, Don Liston, Glen E. Armstrong, Richard TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Field Measurements of Snowpack Properties and Soil Moisture SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A field measurement program was undertaken as part NASA's Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). Extensive snowpack and soil measurements were taken at field sites in Colorado over four study periods during the two study years (2002 and 2003). Measurements included snow depth, density, temperature, grain type and size, surface wetness, surface roughness, and canopy cover. Soil moisture measurements were made in the near-surface layer in snow pits. Measurements were taken in the Fraser valley, North Park, and Rabbit Ears Pass areas of Colorado. Sites were chosen to gain a wide representation of snowpack types and physiographies typical of seasonally snow-covered regions of the world. The data have been collected with rigorous protocol to ensure consistency and quality, and they have undergone several levels of quality assurance to produce a high-quality spatial dataset for continued cold lands hydrological research. The dataset is archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado. C1 [Elder, Kelly] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cline, Don] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Remote Sensing Hydrol, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Liston, Glen E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Armstrong, Richard] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Elder, K (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kelder@fs.fed.us FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Earth Observing System; Airborne Science; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing; U.S. Army Basic Research; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS); National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund; Cardiff University FX This work was funded through the cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise, Terrestrial Hydrology Program, Earth Observing System Program, and Airborne Science Program; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U.S. Army Basic Research Program; the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS); the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); the Japan Science and Technology Corporation; the National Assembly for Wales, Strategic Research Investment Fund, Cardiff University. A portion of this study was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, which was under contract to NASA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.1175/2008JHM877.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414GX UT WOS:000263853000022 ER PT J AU Elder, K Cline, D Goodbody, A Houser, P Liston, GE Mahrt, L Rutter, N AF Elder, Kelly Cline, Don Goodbody, Angus Houser, Paul Liston, Glen E. Mahrt, Larry Rutter, Nick TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Ground-Based and Near-Surface Meteorological Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DATABASE; SYSTEM; IDAHO AB A short-term meteorological database has been developed for the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). This database includes meteorological observations from stations designed and deployed exclusively for CLPX as well as observations available from other sources located in the small regional study area (SRSA) in north-central Colorado. The measured weather parameters include air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, short- and longwave radiation, leaf wetness, snow depth, snow water content, snow and surface temperatures, volumetric soil moisture content, soil temperature, precipitation, water vapor flux, carbon dioxide flux, and soil heat flux. The CLPX weather stations include 10 main meteorological towers, 1 tower within each of the nine intensive study areas (ISA) and one near the local scale observation site (LSOS); and 36 simplified towers, with one tower at each of the four corners of each of the nine ISAs, which measured a reduced set of parameters. An eddy covariance system within the North Park mesocell study area (MSA) collected a variety of additional parameters beyond the 10 standard CLPX tower components. Additional meteorological observations come from a variety of existing networks maintained by the U. S. Forest Service, U. S. Geological Survey, Natural Resource Conservation Service, and the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. Temporal coverage varies from station to station, but it is most concentrated during the 2002/03 winter season. These data are useful in local meteorological energy balance research and for model development and testing. These data can be accessed through the National Snow and Ice Data Center Web site. C1 [Elder, Kelly; Goodbody, Angus] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cline, Don] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Remote Sensing Hydrol Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Houser, Paul] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liston, Glen E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mahrt, Larry] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rutter, Nick] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Elder, K (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kelder@fs.fed.us RI Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise; Terrestrial Hydrology; Earth Observing System; Airborne Science; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing; U.S. Army Basic Research; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund; Cardiff University FX This work was funded through the cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise, Terrestrial Hydrology Program, Earth Observing System Program, and Airborne Science Program; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U.S. Army Basic Research Program; the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); the Japan Science and Technology Corporation; and the National Assembly for Wales, Strategic Research Investment Fund, Cardiff University. A portion of this study was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, under a contract to NASA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1175/2008JHM878.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414GX UT WOS:000263853000023 ER PT J AU Cline, D Yueh, S Chapman, B Stankov, B Gasiewski, A Masters, D Elder, K Kelly, R Painter, TH Miller, S Katzberg, S Mahrt, L AF Cline, Don Yueh, Simon Chapman, Bruce Stankov, Boba Gasiewski, Al Masters, Dallas Elder, Kelly Kelly, Richard Painter, Thomas H. Miller, Steve Katzberg, Steve Mahrt, Larry TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Airborne Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE WIND; ALGORITHM; AREA AB This paper describes the airborne data collected during the 2002 and 2003 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include gamma radiation observations, multi- and hyperspectral optical imaging, optical altimetry, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The gamma observations were collected with the NOAA/National Weather Service Gamma Radiation Detection System (GAMMA). The CLPX multispectral optical data consist of very high-resolution color-infrared orthoimagery of the intensive study areas (ISAs) by TerrainVision. The airborne hyperspectral optical data consist of observations from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Optical altimetry measurements were collected using airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) by TerrainVision. The active microwave data include radar observations from the NASA Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Polarimetric K(u)-band Scatterometer (POLSCAT), and airborne GPS bistatic radar data collected with the NASA GPS radar delay mapping receiver (DMR). The passive microwave data consist of observations collected with the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR). All of the airborne datasets described here and more information describing data collection and processing are available online. C1 [Cline, Don] NOAA, NWS, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Yueh, Simon; Chapman, Bruce] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Stankov, Boba; Gasiewski, Al; Masters, Dallas] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Elder, Kelly] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kelly, Richard] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Miller, Steve] Johnson Kunkel & Associates, Eagle, CO USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Katzberg, Steve] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. [Mahrt, Larry] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cline, D (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, 1735 Lake Dr W, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. EM donald.cline@noaa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise; Terrestrial Hydrology; Earth Observing System; Airborne Science; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Global Programs; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Civil Works Remote Sensing Research; U.S. Army; National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund FX More than 200 people participated in the planning and execution of CLPX 2002/03. Their efforts are very much appreciated. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1175/2008JHM883.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414GX UT WOS:000263853000024 ER PT J AU Renye, JA Somkuti, G Paul, M Van Hekken, D AF Renye, John A., Jr. Somkuti, George A. Paul, Moushumi Van Hekken, Diane L. TI Characterization of antilisterial bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans isolates from Hispanic-style cheeses SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enterocins; Antilisterial; Raw milk cheese ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; CONJUGAL TRANSFER; ENTEROCINS L50A; PEDIOCIN FAMILY; MILK CHEESE AB Enterococci are often identified as constituents of the indigenous microflora from raw milk artisanal cheeses and are believed to contribute to the unique organoleptic qualities of these products. Many strains of enterococci are also known to produce antimicrobial peptides, enterocins, which may prevent the growth of certain food-born pathogens. In this study 33 enterococcal isolates from Hispanic-style cheeses were screened for the production of bacteriocins. Of the 33 isolates, 5 Enterococcus faecium and 1 Enterococcus durans isolates inhibited the growth of Listeria spp. The antilisterial activity was lost after treatment with pepsin, trypsin, pronase, proteinase K and alpha-chymotrypsin suggesting the active component was a protein or peptide. The active compounds were heat stable and had molecular weights between 4 and 8 kDa, which is characteristic of Class II enterocins. A PCR screen showed that four E. faecium isolates contained nucleic acid sequences for multiple enterocins. Isolate H41K contained entA and entP; and isolates H51Ca, H51Cb and H41B contained entA, entP and entL50AB, with H41B also containing entB. All PCR tests performed were negative for E. faecium isolate H41D, suggesting the production of a novel enterocin. The isolates were also screened for susceptibility to antibiotics, with only two showing low-level resistance to vancomycin (8 mu g ml(-l)). However, three isolates were highly resistant to both tetracycline and kanamycin, with two of the isolates also showing high resistance to erythromycin. C1 [Renye, John A., Jr.; Somkuti, George A.; Paul, Moushumi; Van Hekken, Diane L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Renye, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM john.renye@ars.usda.gov FU Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD) FX We would like to thank A. Gardea and B. VallejoCordoba from the Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD) for providing the cheese samples. We would also like to thank A. Nunez, D. Needleman and S. Iandola, USDA-ARS-ERRC, for their technical assistance with this work. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s10295-008-0494-7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 402AV UT WOS:000262987500012 PM 18972146 ER PT J AU Creighton, J Bastarache, R Lomolino, M Belk, M AF Creighton, J. Curtis Bastarache, Robert Lomolino, Mark V. Belk, Mark C. TI Effect of forest removal on the abundance of the endangered American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Habitat loss; Forest fragmentation; Endangered species; American burying beetle; Nicrophorus americanus; Silphidae ID BODY-SIZE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PATTERNS; ASSEMBLAGES; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB We test the hypothesis that the decline of the endangered American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) from over 90% of its original range is the result of habitat loss and fragmentation of eastern North America. Forest removal at a site in southeastern Oklahoma known to have a significant population of N. americanus gave us a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis. At the local scale of this experiment, N. americanus declined significantly after forest removal while beetle numbers at adjacent forested plots did not change. Our results indicate that local disturbances such as forest removal, if occurring across relatively broad spatial scales, can cause wholesale geographic range collapse in this species. C1 [Creighton, J. Curtis] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Bastarache, Robert] US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Lomolino, Mark V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Belk, Mark C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Creighton, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. EM Creighto@calumet.purdue.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the US Fish; Wildlife Service FX We thank James Moodie, David Smith and Christy Youker for assistance with field work and Michael Weiser for identification of ant species. Funding was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service through Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s10841-007-9115-4 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 389WK UT WOS:000262125000004 ER PT J AU Horn, S Ulyshen, M AF Horn, Scott Ulyshen, Michael D. TI The importance of streamside sandbars to ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities in a deciduous forest SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Carabidae; Ground beetles; Psammophilous; Riparian beetles; Sandbars ID RIPARIAN; RIVER; INVERTEBRATES; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ECOTONES; UPLAND AB We used pitfall traps to sample ground beetles on sandbars along a small woodland stream and in the adjacent floodplain forest (Oglethorpe Co., GA, USA). We captured a total of 1,477 ground beetles representing 41 species. Twenty-two species were exclusive to sandbars, while eight were found only in the forested habitat. Ground beetles were captured in significantly greater numbers from sandbars, especially Brachinus janthinipennis and Omophron americanum. The B. janthinipennis record represents a new state record for the species. This study demonstrates that many unique species can be found in specialized microhabitats and emphasizes the need for biodiversity assessment surveys to include a wide range of these microhabitats within a survey area. In addition, it appears that many generalist forest species might use sandbars seasonally to exploit available resources. C1 [Horn, Scott; Ulyshen, Michael D.] US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shorn01@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s10841-007-9122-5 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 389WK UT WOS:000262125000012 ER PT J AU Shukle, RH Mittapalli, O Morton, PK Chen, MS AF Shukle, Richard H. Mittapalli, Omprakash Morton, Philip K. Chen, Ming-Shun TI Characterization and expression analysis of a gene encoding a secreted lipase-like protein expressed in the salivary glands of the larval Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor; MdesL1; Salivary gland; Insect/plant interactions ID DIGESTIVE PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE; TOBACCO HORNWORMS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; WINTER-WHEAT; III EFFECTOR; CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA; RESISTANCE AB In a salivary gland transcriptomics study we identified a cDNA with a full-length open reading frame for a gene (MdesL1) encoding a lipase-like protein expressed in the salivary glands of the larval Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). Fluorescent in situ hybridization on salivary polytenes positioned MdesL1 on the long arm of Autosome 1. BLASTp and conserved domain searches revealed the deduced amino acid sequence contained a lipase superfamily domain with similarity to lipases and phospholipases from other insects. A secretion signal peptide was identified at the amino terminus of the deduced amino acid sequence. Analysis of the transcript of MdesL1 in larval Hessian fly tissues by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed the greatest abundance was in salivary glands. Analysis of transcript levels during development showed the greatest level was detected in feeding 1st-instar and early 2nd-instar larvae. Transcript levels increased dramatically over time in larvae feeding on susceptible wheat but were detected at low levels in larvae feeding on resistant wheat. These data suggest the protein encoded by MdesL1 is likely secreted into host-plant cells during larval feeding and could be involved in extra-oral digestion and changes in host-cell permeability or in generating a second messenger in a host-cell-signaling cascade. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mittapalli, Omprakash] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Morton, Philip K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 57 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.10.008 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 412BU UT WOS:000263699000002 PM 19026654 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Campbell, JF Lewis, EE Elkon, JM Kim-Shapiro, DB AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Campbell, James F. Lewis, Edwin E. Elkon, Jacob M. Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B. TI Directional movement of steinernematid nematodes in response to electrical current SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electricity; Entomopathogenic nematode; Host finding; Steinernema ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; HOST; LOCATION; ROOTS; TEMPERATURE; SIGNAL AB Steinernematid nematodes are parasites that are important natural regulating agents of insect populations. The infective juvenile nematodes respond to a variety of stimuli that aid in survival and host finding. Host finding strategies among steinernematids differ along a continuum from ambush (sit & wait) to cruiser (search & destroy). In this paper we describe directional movement in response to an electrical current, which was generated on agar plates. Specifically, Steinernema glaseri (a cruiser) moved to a higher electric potential, whereas Steinernema carpocapsae, an ambusher, moved to a lower electric potential. Thus, we hypothesize that steinernematids may detect electrical currents or electromagnetic fields in nature, and these Stimuli may be used differentially among species for host finding or enhancing other fitness characters. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Elkon, Jacob M.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Campbell, James F.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Lewis, Edwin E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 100 IS 2 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2008.11.001 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 406UP UT WOS:000263320700014 PM 19041325 ER PT J AU Wang, LM Gill, R Pedersen, TL Higgins, LJ Newman, JW Rutledge, JC AF Wang, Limin Gill, Rajan Pedersen, Theresa L. Higgins, Laura J. Newman, John W. Rutledge, John C. TI Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis releases neutral and oxidized FFAs that induce endothelial cell inflammation SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endothelial dysfunction; fatty acids; oxidized lipids ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; POSTPRANDIAL LIPID-METABOLISM; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FATTY-ACID INCREASES; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; LINOLEIC-ACID; REMNANT LIPOPROTEINS; OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION; MONOCYTE ADHESION AB Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) lipolysis products provide a pro-inflammatory stimulus that can alter endothelial barrier function. To probe the mechanism of this lipolysis-induced event, we evaluated the pro-inflammatory potential of lipid classes derived from human postprandial TGRL by lipoprotein lipase (LpL). Incubation of TGRL with LpL for 30 min increased the saturated and unsaturated FFA content of the incubation solutions significantly. Furthermore, concentrations of the hydroxylated linoleates 9-hydroxy ocatadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 13-HODE were elevated by LpL lipolysis, more than other measured oxylipids. The FFA fractions elicited pro-inflammatory responses inducing TNF alpha and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The FFA-mediated increase in ROS was blocked by both the cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole and NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Compared with linoleate, 13-HODE was found to be a more potent inducer of ROS production in HAECs, an activity that was insensitive to both NADPH oxidase and cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Therefore, although the oxidative metabolism of FFA in endothelial cells can produce inflammatory responses, TGRL lipolysis can also release preformed mediators of oxidative stress (e. g., HODEs) that may influence endothelial cell function in vivo by stimulating intracellular ROS production. - Wang, L., R. Gill, T. L. Pedersen, L. J. Higgins, J. W. Newman, and J. C. Rutledge. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis releases neutral and oxidized FFAs that induce endothelial cell inflammation. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 204-213. C1 [Wang, Limin; Higgins, Laura J.; Rutledge, John C.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Endocrinol Clin Nutr & Vasc Med, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gill, Rajan; Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gill, Rajan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pedersen, Theresa L.; Newman, John W.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Wang, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Endocrinol Clin Nutr & Vasc Med, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwang@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL-78615, HL-55665]; Richard A. and Nora Eccles Harrison Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [5306-51530-016-00D]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES04699] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL-78615 and HL-55665 and the Richard A. and Nora Eccles Harrison Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research. Additional support for this research was provided by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Project #5306-51530-016-00D, and by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant P42 ES04699. NR 64 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700505-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 395CV UT WOS:000262500800003 PM 18812596 ER PT J AU Sankaranarayanan, S Oram, JF Asztalos, BF Vaughan, AM Lund-Katz, S Adorni, MP Phillips, MC Rothblat, GH AF Sankaranarayanan, Sandhya Oram, John F. Asztalos, Bela F. Vaughan, Ashley M. Lund-Katz, Sissel Adorni, Maria Pia Phillips, Michael C. Rothblat, George H. TI Effects of acceptor composition and mechanism of ABCG1-mediated cellular free cholesterol efflux SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; ATP binding cassette transporter G1; BHK cells; binding; high density lipoprotein; influx; phospholipid efflux; time course ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR BI; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HUMAN-SERUM LIPOPROTEINS; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER G1; SR-BI; APOA-I; BIDIRECTIONAL FLUX; DIFFERENT PATHWAYS; ABC TRANSPORTERS AB Among the known mechanisms of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1)-mediated free cholesterol (FC) transport is the most recent and least studied. Here, we have characterized the efficiencies of different acceptors using baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells transfected with human ABCG1 cDNA, which is inducible upon treatment with mifepristone. When normalized on particle number and particle surface area, the acceptor efficiency for FC efflux was as follows: small unilamellar vesicles (SUV)>LDL>reconstituted HDL>HDL(2)=HDL(3). Based on phospholipid content, the order was reversed. ABCG1 also mediated phospholipid efflux to human serum and HDL(3). ABCG1-mediated FC efflux correlated significantly with a number of HDL subfractions and components in serum collected from 25 normolipidemic individuals: apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) (r(2) = 0.7), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) (r(2) = 0.5), HDL-C (r(2) = 0.4), HDL-PL (r(2) = 0.4), alpha-2 HDL (r(2) = 0.4), and pre beta HDL (r(2) = 0.2). ABCG1 did not enhance influx of FC or cholesteryl oleyl ether (COE) when cells were incubated with radiolabeled HDL3. ABCG1 expression did not increase the association of HDL3 with cells. Compared with control cells, ABCG1 expression significantly increased the FC pool available for efflux and the rate constant for efflux. In conclusion, composition and particle size determine the acceptor efficiency for ABCG1-mediated efflux. ABCG1 increases cell membrane FC pools and changes its rate of desorption into the aqueous phase without enhancing the association with the acceptor. - Sankaranarayanan, S., J. F. Oram, B. F. Asztalos, A. M. Vaughan, S. Lund-Katz, M. P. Adorni, M. C. Phillips, and G. H. Rothblat. Effects of acceptor composition and mechanism of ABCG1-mediated cellular free cholesterol efflux. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 275-284. C1 [Sankaranarayanan, Sandhya; Lund-Katz, Sissel; Adorni, Maria Pia; Phillips, Michael C.; Rothblat, George H.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Oram, John F.; Vaughan, Ashley M.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Asztalos, Bela F.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rothblat, GH (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM rothblat@email.chop.edu RI Adorni, Maria Pia/C-9887-2012 FU National Institute of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-22633, HL-63768, RO1HL055362]; US Department of Agriculture [53-3K06-5-10] FX This work was supported by HL-22633 ( G. H. R., M. C. P., S. L. K.), HL-63768 ( G. H. R.), RO1HL055362 ( J.O.) from National Institute of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and Contract 53-3K06-5-10 ( B. A.) from US Department of Agriculture. NR 56 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1194/jlr.M800362-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 395CV UT WOS:000262500800010 PM 18827283 ER PT J AU Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE Whatmore, AM Quance, CR Koylass, MS Cummins, LB Dick, EJ Snider, CL Cappelli, D Ebersole, JL Nathanielsz, PW Hubbard, GB AF Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E. Whatmore, Adrian M. Quance, Christine R. Koylass, Mark S. Cummins, L. Bill Dick, Edward J., Jr. Snider, Cathy L. Cappelli, David Ebersole, Jeffrey L. Nathanielsz, Peter W. Hubbard, Gene B. TI A novel Brucella isolate in association with two cases of stillbirth in non-human primates - first report SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brucella; non-human primates; stillbirth ID ABORTUS; DIFFERENTIATION; STRAINS; PCR AB Brucellosis is veterinary and human health problem. A 13-year-old wild caught multiparous and an 8-year-old colony-born nulliparous baboon had stillbirths in the second trimester of pregnancy. Culture isolates from both postpartum uteruses were characterized using traditional biochemical analysis, PCR, and multilocus sequencing. The isolates morphologically resembled Brucella although their phenotypic characteristics were not consistent with any currently described species. The isolates represent a novel lineage within the genus with unique alleles, not previously seen in surveys of greater than 300 isolates representing the known diversity of the genus, present at 5/9 loci examined. The described cases are to the best of our knowledge the first presentation of a naturally acquired Brucella infection in non-human primates associated with stillbirths from the same colony where Brucella seropositivity in the baboons was described 45 years ago. The organism appears to represent a previously undescribed Brucella species. C1 [Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E.; Cummins, L. Bill; Dick, Edward J., Jr.; Snider, Cathy L.; Nathanielsz, Peter W.; Hubbard, Gene B.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. [Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Natalia E.; Nathanielsz, Peter W.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Whatmore, Adrian M.; Koylass, Mark S.] Vet Labs Agcy, Dept Statutory & Exot Bacterial Dis, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Quance, Christine R.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Cappelli, David] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Community Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ebersole, Jeffrey L.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Dent, Ctr Oral Hlth Res, Lexington, KY USA. RP Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM schlabritzlu@uthscsa.edu RI Whatmore, Adrian/C-7744-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Nathanielsz, Peter/0000-0001-8410-6280 FU UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra); NIH [P51 RR013986, C06 RR15456] FX Brucella research at the VLA is supported by the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). The authors are thankful Dr. Lenarduzzi (Texas State-Federal Animal Laboratory) for serology evaluation and Drs. Patrice Frost, Stephanie Butler, and Michelle Leland for clinical support. We acknowledge the support for the SNPRC infrastructure under which the baboon colony is maintained, and for the SNPRC pathology laboratories which is provided by NIH grant P51 RR013986, Facilities Improvement Grant C06 RR15456 supported the construction of cages in which the baboons were housed. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00314.x PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 394US UT WOS:000262476700009 PM 19187435 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Dillard, A Lecker, JL Ip, B Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, Nirupa R. Dillard, Alice Lecker, Jaime L. Ip, Blanche Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Effects of Dietary Palmitoleic Acid on Plasma Lipoprotein Profile and Aortic Cholesterol Accumulation Are Similar to Those of Other Unsaturated Fatty Acids in the F1B Golden Syrian Hamster SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; RECEPTOR-ACTIVITY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; LDL-CHOLESTEROL; RISK-FACTORS; COCONUT OIL; LIPIDS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLISM AB The lower susceptibility of palmitoleic acid (16:1) to oxidation compared to PUFA may confer functional advantages with respect to finding acceptable alternatives to partially hydrogenated fats, but limited data are available on its effect on cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated the effect of diets (10% fat, 0.1 % cholesterol, wt:wt) enriched with macadamia [monounsaturated fattyacid (MUFA)16:1], palm (SFA,16:0), canola (MUFA,18:1), or safflower (PUFA,18:2) oils on lipoprotein profiles and aortic cholesterol accumulation in F1B Golden Syrian hamsters (n = 16/group). After 12 wk, 8 hamsters in each group were killed (phase 1). The remaining hamsters fed palm oil were changed to a diet containing coconut oil, while hamsters in the other diet groups continued on their original diets for an additional 6 wk (phase 2). With minor exceptions, the time course and dietary SFA source did not alter the study outcomes. Macadamia oil-fed hamsters had lower non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared with the palm and coconut oil-fed hamsters and higher HDL-cholesterol compared with the coconut, canola, and safflower oil-fed hamsters. The aortic cholesterol concentration was not affected by dietary fat type. The hepatic cholesterol concentration was higher in the unsaturated compared with the saturated oil-fed hamsters. RBC membrane and aortic cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles reflected that of the dietary oil. These data suggest that an oil relatively high in palmitoleic acid does not adversely affect plasma lipoprotein profiles or aortic cholesterol accumulation and was similar to other unsaturated fatty acid-rich oils. J. Nutr. 139: 215-221, 2009. C1 [Matthan, Nirupa R.; Dillard, Alice; Lecker, Jaime L.; Ip, Blanche; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu OI IP, Blanche C/0000-0003-0063-5535 FU Dow AgroSciences [RPFA 2006.0827.001]; USDA [588-1950-9-001] FX Supported by Dow AgroSciences (RPFA 2006.0827.001) and USDA agreement 588-1950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.3945/jn.108.099804 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200004 PM 19106316 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, JT Wiest, MM Watkins, SM Teegarden, D Zemel, MB German, JB Van Loan, MD AF Smilowitz, Jennifer T. Wiest, Michelle M. Watkins, Steven M. Teegarden, Dorothy Zemel, Michael B. German, J. Bruce Van Loan, Marta D. TI Lipid Metabolism Predicts Changes in Body Composition during Energy Restriction in Overweight Humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; INDUCED WEIGHT-LOSS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; DESATURASE GENES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EXPRESSION; PLASMA; METABOLOMICS; INSULIN; OBESITY AB Dietary weight loss regimens could be more effective by selectively targeting adipose while sparing lean mass (LM) if predictive information about individuals' lipid metabolic responses to an intervention were available. The objective of his study was to examine the relationships among changes in 4 anthropometric outcomes, weight, waist circumference (WC), percent body fat (BF), and percent LM, and comprehensive circulating lipid metabolites in response to energy reduction in overweight participants. This was a cohort study (n = 46) from a larger multi-center (n = 105) weight loss trial. We used stepwise regression to examine relationships among baseline plasma fatty acids of 7 lipid classes, biochemical metabolites, and diet to explain the variance of 4 anthropometric outcomes after intervention. No predictor variables explained the variance in the percent change in body weight. The circulating concentration of FFA 18:1 (n-9) at baseline explained 31% of the variance in percent change of WC, with adjustment for energy intake at 12 wk. Circulating concentrations of phosphatidylcholine 18:0 and FFA 18:1(n-9) at baseline together explained 33% of the variance in percent LM change. The circulating concentration of phosphatidylcholine 18:0 at baseline explained 23% of the variance in the change in percent BF. This study determined relationships among comprehensive and quantitative measurements of complex lipid metabolites and metabolic outcomes as changes in body composition. Measurements of plasma circulating metabolites explained 20-30% of the variance in changes in body composition after a weight loss intervention. Thus, circulating lipids reflect lipid metabolism in relation to changes in body composition. J. Nutr. 139: 222-229, 2009. C1 [Van Loan, Marta D.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smilowitz, Jennifer T.; German, J. Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wiest, Michelle M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Watkins, Steven M.] Lipom Technol Inc, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Teegarden, Dorothy] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zemel, Michael B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jensm@ucdavis.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU Dairy Management, Inc.; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center FX Supported by Dairy Management, Inc. and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.3945/jn.108.095364 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200005 PM 19106317 ER PT J AU Maki, KC Reeves, MS Farmer, M Yasunaga, K Matsuo, N Katsuragi, Y Komikado, M Tokimitsu, I Wilder, D Jones, F Blumberg, JB Cartwright, Y AF Maki, Kevin C. Reeves, Matthew S. Farmer, Mildred Yasunaga, Koichi Matsuo, Noboru Katsuragi, Yoshihisa Komikado, Masanori Tokimitsu, Ichiro Wilder, Donna Jones, Franz Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Cartwright, Yolanda TI Green Tea Catechin Consumption Enhances Exercise-Induced Abdominal Fat Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BODY-FAT; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; WEIGHT-LOSS; OXIDATION; DIET; MEN; CAFFEINE; EXTRACT; PLASMA AB This study evaluated the influence of a green tea catechin beverage on body composition and fat distribution in overweight and obese adults during exercise-induced weight loss. Participants (n = 132 with 107 completers) were randomly assigned to receive a beverage containing similar to 625 mg of catechins with 39 mg caffeine or a control beverage (39 mg caffeine, nocatechins) for 12 wk. Participants were asked to maintain constant energy intake and engage in >= 180 min/wk moderate intensity exercise, including >= 3 supervised sessions per week. Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), abdominal fat areas (computed tomography), and clinical laboratory tests were measured at baseline and wk 12. There was a trend (P = 0.079) toward greater loss of body weight in the catechin group compared with the control group; least squares mean (95% Cl) changes, adjusted for baseline value, age, and sex, were -2.2 (-3.1, -1.3) and -1.0 (-1.9, -0.1) kg, respectively. Percentage changes in fat mass did not differ between the catechin [5.2 (-7.0, -3.4)] and control groups 1-3.5 (-5.4, 1.6)] (P = 0.208). However, percentage changes in total abdominal fat area [-7.7 (-11.7, -3.8) vs. -0.3 (-4.4, 3.9); P = 0.013], subcutaneous abdominal fat area [-6.2 (-10.2, -2.2) vs. 0.8 (-3.3, 4.9); P = 0.0191, and fasting serum triglycerides (TG) [-11.2 (-18.8, -3.6) vs. 1.9 (-5.9, 9.7); P = 0.023] were greater in the catechin group. These findings suggest that green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced changes in abdominal fat and serum TG. J. Nutr. 139: 264-270, 2009. C1 [Maki, Kevin C.; Reeves, Matthew S.; Wilder, Donna; Jones, Franz; Cartwright, Yolanda] Provident Clin Res, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Maki, Kevin C.; Reeves, Matthew S.; Wilder, Donna; Jones, Franz; Cartwright, Yolanda] Provident Clin Res, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 USA. [Farmer, Mildred] Meridien Res, St Petersburg, FL 33709 USA. [Yasunaga, Koichi; Matsuo, Noboru; Katsuragi, Yoshihisa; Komikado, Masanori; Tokimitsu, Ichiro] Kao Corp, Hlth Care Food Res Lab, Tokyo 1318501, Japan. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Maki, KC (reprint author), Provident Clin Res, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. EM kmaki@providentcrc.com FU Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan FX Supported by Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. NR 39 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.3945/jn.108.098293 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200011 PM 19074207 ER PT J AU Tako, E Laparra, JM Glahn, RR Welch, RM Lei, XG Beebe, S Miller, DD AF Tako, Elad Laparra, J. Moises Glahn, Raymond R. Welch, Ross M. Lei, Xin Gen Beebe, Steve Miller, Dennis D. TI Biofortified Black Beans in a Maize and Bean Diet Provide More Bioavailable Iron to Piglets Than Standard Black Beans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA; WORLD; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORTIFICATION; HEMOGLOBIN; ABSORPTION; IMPACT; RICE; PIGS AB Our objective was to compare the capacities of biofortified and standard black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to deliver iron (Fe) for hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. Two lines of black beans, one standard and the other biofortified (high) in Fe (71 and 106 mu g Fe/g, respectively), were used. Maize-based diets containing the beans were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements for swine except for Fe (Fe concentrations in the 2 diets were 42.9 +/- 1.2 and 54.6 +/- 0.9 mg/kg). At birth, pigs were injected with 50 mg of Fe as Fe dextran. At age 28 d, pigs were allocated to the experimental diets (n = 10). They were fed 2 times per day for 5 wk and given free access to water at all times. Body weights and Hb concentrations were measured weekly. Hb repletion efficiencies (means - SEM) did not differ between groups and, after 5 wk, were 20.6 +/- 2.1 % for the standard Fe group and 20.9 +/- 2.1 % for the high Fe group. Final total body Hb Fe contents did not differ between the standard [539 +/- 39 mg (9.7 +/- 0.7 mu mol)] and high Fe [592 +/- 28 mg (10.6 0.5 mu mol)] bean groups (P = 0.15). The increase in total body Hb Fe over the 5-wk feeding period was greater in the high Fe bean group [429 +/- 24 mg (7.7 +/- 0.4 mu mol)] than in the standard Fe bean group [361 +/- 23 mg (6.4 +/- 0.4 mu mol)] (P = 0,034). We conclude that the biofortified beans are a promising vehicle for increasing intakes of bioavailable Fe in human populations that consume beans as a dietary staple. J. Nutr. 139: 305-309, 2009. C1 [Tako, Elad; Laparra, J. Moises; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond R.; Welch, Ross M.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Beebe, Steve] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011; OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 FU International Food Policy Research institute; Centro Internacional de Agriculture Tropical FX Supported by a grant from HarvestPlus, a program of the International Food Policy Research institute and the Centro Internacional de Agriculture Tropical. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.3945/jn.108.098657 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200016 PM 19106319 ER PT J AU Liu, E Meigs, JB Pittas, AG McKeown, NM Economos, CD Booth, SL Jacques, PF AF Liu, Enju Meigs, James B. Pittas, Anastassios G. McKeown, Nicola M. Economos, Christina D. Booth, Sarah L. Jacques, Paul F. TI Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated with Markers of the Insulin Resistant Phenotype in Nondiabetic Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; D RESPONSE ELEMENT; METABOLIC SYNDROME; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS AB We examined the cross-sectional association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and markers of the insulin resistant phenotype. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 808 nondiabetic participants of the Framingham Offspring Study. Outcome measures included fasting and 2-h post 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin; these were used to calculate the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI(0.120)). We also measured plasma adiponectin, triacylglycerol, and HDL cholesterol concentrations as markers of the insulin-resistant phenotype, After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, and current smoking status, plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR. Compared with the participants in the lowest tertile category of plasma 25(OH)D, those in the highest tertile category had a 1.6% lower concentration of fasting plasma glucose (P-trend = 0.007), 9.8% lower concentration of fasting plasma insulin (P-trend=0.001), and 12.7% lower HOMA-IR score (P-trend < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, plasma 25(OH)D was positively associated with ISI0,120, plasma adiponectin, and HDL cholesterol and inversely associated with plasma triacylglycerol, but these associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for BMI, waist circumference, and current smoking status. 25(OH)D and 2-h post-OGTT glucose were not associated. Among adults without diabetes, vitamin D status was inversely associated with surrogate fasting measures of insulin resistance. These results suggest that vitamin D status may be an important determinant for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Nutr. 139: 329-334, 2009. C1 [Liu, Enju; McKeown, Nicola M.; Booth, Sarah L.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Enju; McKeown, Nicola M.; Economos, Christina D.; Booth, Sarah L.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Pittas, Anastassios G.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu RI liu, enju/B-2136-2010; liu, enju/F-4062-2010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195, N01 HC025195]; NIA NIH HHS [AG14759, R01 AG014759]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K24 DK080140, R01DK076092, R21 DK078867, R21DK078867] NR 52 TC 143 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.3945/jn.108.093831 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200020 PM 19106328 ER PT J AU Ahmad, SM Haskell, MJ Raqib, R Stephensen, CB AF Ahmad, Shaikh M. Haskell, Marjorie J. Raqib, Rubliana Stephensen, Charles B. TI Markers of Innate Immune Function Are Associated with Vitamin A Stores in Men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; YELLOW-FEVER; TNF-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Recommendations for vitamin A intake and liver stores are based on maintaining normal vision. We propose that higher levels may be required to maintain normal innate immune function. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an 8-wk residential study among 36 healthy Bangladeshi men with low vitamin A stores. Subjects were randomized to receive vitamin A (240 mg in 4 doses) or placebo during study wk 2 and 3. They received 2 vaccines during wk 5 and vitamin A stores were estimated by isotopic dilution at wk 8. The serum concentration of the chemokine interferon-gamma-induced protein 10, a component of T-helper 1 (Th1) response, increased significantly after supplementation and was positively and significantly associated with vitamin A stores. Blood concentrations of natural killer (NK) and NK T-cells, which have anticancer and antiviral activity, were positively associated with stores (P < 0,05), as was monocyte oxidative burst (P < 0.05), a marker of bacterial killing ability. However, serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17, cytokines that regulate the antibacterial Th17 response, were significantly and negatively associated with stores, as was production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by whole-blood cultures stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In summary, vitamin A stores were positively associated with several measures of innate immune activity across a broad range of stores, suggesting that vitamin A enhances protection against diverse pathogens even at concentrations above those needed to maintain normal vision. The negative association of stores with serum IL-6 and IL-17 suggests that not all protective responses are similarly enhanced by vitamin A. J. Nutr. 139: 377-385, 2009, C1 [Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Haskell, Marjorie J.; Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Raqib, Rubliana] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM charles.stephensen@ars.usda.gov OI Raqib, Rubhana/0000-0002-8116-4511 FU USDA CRIS [5306-51530-013-00D]; Specific Cooperative Agreement with International Centre for Diarfheal Disease Research, B Dhaka, Bangladesh [58-53064 034F]; NIH [D43 TW01267]; Fogarty International Center; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development FX Supported by the USDA CRIS project no. 5306-51530-013-00D and Specific Cooperative Agreement no. 58-53064 034F with International Centre for Diarfheal Disease Research, B Dhaka, Bangladesh. On-campus doctoral training of S. M, A. at University of California Davis was supported by NIH Research grant no. D43 TW01267 funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.3945/jn.108.100198 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200028 PM 19091796 ER PT J AU Butte, NF AF Butte, Nancy F. TI Impact of Infant Feeding Practices on Childhood Obesity SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VIVA LA FAMILIA; HISPANIC CHILDREN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; OVERWEIGHT; LIFE; ADOLESCENTS; GAIN; METAANALYSIS AB Childhood obesity is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. The current surge in childhood obesity in the United States is attributable to an interaction between a genetic predisposition toward obesity and a permissive environment. Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published on the association between breast-feeding and childhood obesity. In these analyses, adjustment for confounding factors attenuated or nullified the protective effect of breast-feeding on later obesity. The Viva La Familia Study was designed to identify genetic and environmental factors affecting obesity and its comorbidities in 1030 Hispanic children from 319 families. Odds ratios for potential risk factors associated with childhood overweight were computed using binary logistic regression for panel data. Early infant-feeding practices were not significant. Salient independent risk factors for childhood obesity in this cohort of Hispanic children were age, birth weight, maternal obesity, paternal obesity, number of children in the family, and the percentage of awake time spent in sedentary activity. Breast-feeding may have a small protective effect against childhood obesity, although residual confounding may exist. Human milk is exquisitely fitted for optimal infant growth and development and may uniquely modulate neuroendocrine and immunologic pathways involved in the regulation of body weight. Nevertheless, other genetic and environmental determinants such as socioeconomic status, parental obesity, smoking, birth weight, and rapid infancy weight gain far supersede infant-feeding practices as risk factors for childhood obesity. J. Nutt. 139: 412S-416S, 2009. C1 ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 412S EP 416S DI 10.3945/jn.108.097014 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 398MC UT WOS:000262735200033 PM 19106326 ER PT J AU Crosier, MD Booth, SL Peter, I Dawson-Hughes, B Price, PA O'Donnell, CJ Hoffmann, U Williamson, MK Ordovas, JM AF Crosier, Michael D. Booth, Sarah L. Peter, Inga Dawson-Hughes, Bess Price, Paul A. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Udo Williamson, Matthew K. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Matrix Gla Protein Polymorphisms are Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification in Men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE matrix gla protein; coronary artery calcification; polymorphism; vitamin K; atherosclerosis ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RISK-FACTORS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE; SERUM; GENE; RAT AB Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a key regulator of vascular calcification. Genetic variation at the MGP locus could modulate the development of coronary artery calcification (CAC). Our aim was to examine the cross-sectional association between MGP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [rs1800802 (T-138C), rs1800801 (G-7A), and rs4236 (Ala102Thr)] and CAC. CAC was measured by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), in older men and women of European descent. (n=386; 60 to 80 3, of age). Serum MGP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Linear, Tobit and Ordinal regression analyses all revealed that in men, homozygous carriers of the minor allele of rs1800802, rs1800801. or rs4236 (minor allele frequency: 21, 38, and 40%. respectively) were associated with a decreased quantity of CAC. relative to major allele carriers. This association was not found in women. Although genetic variation in MGP was associated with serum MGP concentrations, there were no associations between serum MGP and CAC. The results of this study suggest a role for MGP genetic variants in coronary atherosclerosis among men that is not reflected in serum MGP concentrations. C1 [Crosier, Michael D.; Booth, Sarah L.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peter, Inga] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Price, Paul A.; Williamson, Matthew K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Hoffmann, Udo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc CT Core Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of Aging [AG14759, HL69272, NIDDK T32DK62032] FX Based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, National Institute of Aging (AG14759, HL69272 and NIDDK T32DK62032). Any opinions. findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0301-4800 J9 J NUTR SCI VITAMINOL JI J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 413BF UT WOS:000263767200008 PM 19352064 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Mergl, J Gehring, E Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Kwok, OCH Grigg, ME Su, C Martineau, D AF Dubey, J. P. Mergl, J. Gehring, E. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Kwok, O. C. H. Grigg, M. E. Su, C. Martineau, D. TI TOXOPLASMOSIS IN CAPTIVE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) AND WALRUS (ODOBENUS ROSMARUS) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; SEA OTTERS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GONDII INFECTION; NEREIS; CHICKENS; CYSTS AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment and coastal waters with oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii infection was detected in captive marine mammals at a sea aquarium in Canada. Antibodies to T gondii were found in all 7 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) tested. Two of these dolphins, as well as a walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) at the facility, died. Encephalitis and T. gondii tissue cysts were identified in histological sections of the brain of 1 dolphin (dolphin no. 1). Another dolphin (dolphin no. 2) had mild focal encephalitis without visible organisms, but viable T gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice and cats from its brain and skeletal muscle; this strain was designated TgDoCA1. The PCR-RFLP typing using 11 markers (B1, SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico) identified a Type II strain. The DNA sequencing of B1 and SAG1 alleles amplified from TgDoCA1 and directly from the brains of dolphin no. I and the walrus showed archetypal alleles consistent with infection by a Type II strain. No unique polymorphisms were detected. This is apparently the first report of isolation of T. gondii from a marine mammal in Canada. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Mergl, J.; Gehring, E.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Grigg, M. E.; Su, C.; Martineau, D.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 FU NIH and MAID FX This research was supported in part by the intramural research program of the NIH and MAID (M.E.G.). We thank Erick James for expert technical assistance and Dr. Stephen Raverty for help with histological interpretation and Specimen distribution. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1645/GE-1764.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 414RO UT WOS:000263883100013 PM 19245284 ER PT J AU Velmurugan, GV Su, C Dubey, JP AF Velmurugan, G. V. Su, C. Dubey, J. P. TI ISOLATE DESIGNATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII ISOLATES FROM PIGS IN THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH PREVALENCE; ATYPICAL GENOTYPES; SOUTH-AMERICA; INFECTION; STRAINS; BRAZIL; DIVERSE; CATS AB Pigs are considered to be the most important meat source of Toxoplasma gondii for humans in the United States. In the present study, 168 T. gondii isolates (designated TgPgUs15-182) from various sources were genotyped using 10 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico). Genotyping data from an additional 14 isolates collected from T gondii-infected pigs in Maryland were included for analysis. Nine genotypes (1-9) were recognized from the 182 T. gondii isolates. Most (56%, 102) isolates were clonal Type II (genotypes 1 and 2) and 27% (49) were clonal Type III (genotype 3) strains. Genotype 4 had Type II alleles, with the exception of Type I alleles at loci Apico and L358. Eight isolates (genotype 5) from Iowa had a combination of alleles I, II, and III at different loci. The remaining 6 isolates were divided into genotypes 6-9 and had a combination of different alleles. Eight of the 9 genotypes were previously reported in different animal species and geographic regions. In conclusion, along with the predominance of clonal Type II and III strains, a few diverse, previously unrecognized T. gondii lineages were found circulating in domestic pigs used for human consumption. C1 [Velmurugan, G. V.; Su, C.; Dubey, J. P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Velmurugan, GV (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1645/GE-1746.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 414RO UT WOS:000263883100016 PM 19245283 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, LN Costa, LM de Melo, CF Silva, JCR Bevilaqua, CML Azevedo, SS Muradian, V Araujo, DAFV Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF de Oliveira, L. N. Costa Junior, L. M. de Melo, C. F. Ramos Silva, J. C. Bevilaqua, C. M. L. Azevedo, S. S. Muradian, V. Araujo, D. A. F. V. Dubey, J. P. Gennari, S. M. TI Toxoplasma gondii Isolates From Free-Range Chickens From the Northeast Region of Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS; SAO-PAULO; SEROPREVALENCE; STATE; CATS; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; AMAZON AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of 7: gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gonulii in 152 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from 22 municipalities in 7 northeastern states (Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Maranh5o, Bahia, Ceara, Sergipe, and Alagoas) of Brazil was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT); 81 (53.3 %) chickens had titers of 1:5 in 26, 1:10 in 9, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 1, 1:80 in 6, 1:160 in 6, 1:320 in 13, 1:640 in 6, 1:1,280 in 3, 1:2,560 in 6, and 1:5,120 or higher in I. Hearts and brains of 81 seropositive chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 23 chickens with MAT titers of 1:5 or higher; the isolates were designated TgCKBr165-187. Five isolates killed all infected mice. Results indicate widespread contamination of rural environment in Brazil with T. gondii oocysts. C1 [de Oliveira, L. N.; Muradian, V.; Dubey, J. P.; Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Costa Junior, L. M.] Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Ciencias Agr & Ambientais, Chapadinha, Maranhao, Brazil. [de Melo, C. F.] Univ Brasilia, UNB, Fac Agron & Med Vet, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Ramos Silva, J. C.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Vet Med, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Bevilaqua, C. M. L.; Azevedo, S. S.] Univ Estadual Ceara, Fac Vet, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Araujo, D. A. F. V.] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Ctr Saude & Tecnol Rural, Unidade Acad Med Vet, Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitenderdubey@ars.usda.gov RI Costa-Junior, Livio/H-7530-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Pecuaria brasileira, Inct/J-9542-2013; Bevilaqua, Claudia/C-3992-2014 OI Costa-Junior, Livio/0000-0002-1475-049X; Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo; CNPq, Brazil FX We thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, for the fellowship to L.N. de Oliveira and CNPq. Brazil, for fellowship to S. M. Gennari and C. M. L. Bevilaqua. We also thank Dr. Eugenia M. D. Oliveira (in memorium), from Universidade Federal da Bahia, for the chickens from Bahia. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1645/GE-1730.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 414RO UT WOS:000263883100039 PM 18578589 ER PT J AU Evens, T Niedz, R AF Evens, T. Niedz, R. TI ALGAE IN HYPERSPACE: A FIRST FORAY INTO MAPPING THE GRINNELLIAN NICHE OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS (CHLORPHYCEAE) AND PERIDINIUM CINCTUM (DINOPHYCEAE) IN RELATION TO ION PROPORTIONS AND AMOUNTS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Evens, T.; Niedz, R.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 415BW UT WOS:000263910300026 ER PT J AU Zimba, P Moeller, P Beauchesne, K Triemer, R AF Zimba, P. Moeller, P. Beauchesne, K. Triemer, R. TI EUGLENOPHYCIN-A TOXIN PRODUCED BY CERTAIN EUGLENOIDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zimba, P.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. [Moeller, P.; Beauchesne, K.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Triemer, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 415BW UT WOS:000263910300082 ER PT J AU Mueller, J Loomis, J Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Mueller, Julie Loomis, John Gonzalez-Caban, Armando TI Do Repeated Wildfires Change Homebuyers' Demand for Homes in High-Risk Areas? A Hedonic Analysis of the Short and Long-Term Effects of Repeated Wildfires on House Prices in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF REAL ESTATE FINANCE AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hedonic property method; Forest fires; Implicit prices; Willingness to pay ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; MARKET AB Unlike most hedonic studies that analyze the effects of a one-time event, this paper analyzes the effects of forest fires that are several years apart in a small geographical area. We find that repeated forest fires cause house prices to decrease for houses located near the fires. We test and reject the hypothesis that the house price reduction from one fire is equal to the house price reduction from a second fire. The first fire reduces house prices by about 10%, while the second fire reduces house prices by nearly 23%, a statistically significant difference. The pattern of these results are robust to several alternative econometric specifications. C1 [Loomis, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando] Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM JMueller@Galenu.edu.bz; jloomis@lamar.colostate.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-5638 J9 J REAL ESTATE FINANC JI J. Real Estate Financ. Econ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s11146-007-9083-1 PG 18 WC Business, Finance; Economics; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Urban Studies GA 398AP UT WOS:000262703900004 ER PT J AU Way, TR Kishimoto, T Torbert, HA Burt, EC Bailey, AC AF Way, Thomas R. Kishimoto, Tadashi Torbert, H. Allen Burt, Eddie C. Bailey, Alvin C. TI Tractor tire aspect ratio effects on soil bulk density and cone index SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article ID STRESSES AB A 580/70R38 tractor drive tire with an aspect ratio of 0.756 and a 650/75R32 tire with art aspect ratio of 0.804 were operated at two dynamic loads and two inflation pressures on a sandy loam and a clay loam with loose soil above a hardpan. Soil bulk density and cone index were measured just above the hardpan beneath the centerline and edge of the tires. The bulk densities were essentially equal for the two tires and cone indices were also essentially equal for the two tires. Soil bulk density and cone index increased with increasing dynamic load at constant inflation pressure, and with increasing inflation pressure at constant dynamic load. In comparisons of the centerline and edge locations, soil bulk density and cone index were significantly less beneath the edge than beneath the centerline of the tires. Soil compaction is not likely to be affected by the aspect ratio of radial-ply tractor drive tires when aspect ratios are between 0.75 and 0.80. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS C1 [Way, Thomas R.; Torbert, H. Allen; Burt, Eddie C.; Bailey, Alvin C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Kishimoto, Tadashi] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Food Prod Sci, Inada, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. RP Way, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tom.way@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2008.12.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 450SV UT WOS:000266422000003 ER PT J AU Roussel, AM Hininger, I Benaraba, R Ziegenfuss, TN Anderson, RA AF Roussel, Anne-Marie Hininger, Isabelle Benaraba, Rachida Ziegenfuss, Tim N. Anderson, Richard A. TI Antioxidant Effects of a Cinnamon Extract in People with Impaired Fasting Glucose That Are Overweight or Obese SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Nutrition CY OCT 05-08, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Coll Nutr DE cinnamon; antioxidants; glucose; diabetes; insulin ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OXIDANT STRESS; RISK-FACTOR; PLASMA; TYPE-2; HYPERGLYCEMIA; POLYPHENOLS AB Objective: To determine the effects of a dried aqueous extract of cinnamon on antioxidant status of people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese. Methods: Twenty-two subjects, with impaired fasting blood glucose with BMI ranging from 25 to 45, were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were given capsules containing either a placebo or 250 mg of an aqueous extract of cinnamon (Cinnulin PF) two times per day for 12 weeks. Plasma malondialdehyde (NIDA) concentrations were assessed using high performance liquid chromatography and plasma antioxidant status was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Erythrocyte Cu-Zn superoxide (Cu-Zn SOD) activity was measured after hemoglobin precipitation by monitoring the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity by established methods. Results: FRAP and plasma thiol (SH) groups increased, while plasma MDA levels decreased in subjects receiving the cinnamon extract. Effects were larger after 12 than 6 weeks. There was also a positive correlation (r = 0.74; p = 0.014) between MDA and plasma glucose. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that the inclusion of water soluble cinnamon compounds in the diet could reduce risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. C1 [Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roussel, Anne-Marie; Hininger, Isabelle; Benaraba, Rachida] Univ Grenoble 1, INSERM, U884, Grenoble, France. [Roussel, Anne-Marie; Hininger, Isabelle; Benaraba, Rachida] Univ Grenoble 1, LBFA, Grenoble, France. [Ziegenfuss, Tim N.] Ohio Res Grp, Wadsworth, OH USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Bldg 307C,Rm 222, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 471FJ UT WOS:000268041000003 PM 19571155 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA O'Neil, CE Fulgoni, VL AF Nicklas, Theresa A. O'Neil, Carol E. Fulgoni, Victor L., III TI The Role of Dairy in Meeting the Recommendations for Shortfall Nutrients in the American Diet SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Scientific Evidence for the Role of Dairy Foods in Nutrient Adequacy and Chronic Disease CY OCT 04, 2008 CL Arlington, VA SP Amer Coll Nutr DE dairy intake; calcium; potassium; magnesium; NHANES; DRI; short fall nutrients ID CALCIUM INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BODY-WEIGHT; VITAMIN-D; PRODUCT CONSUMPTION; CONTINUING SURVEY; ADULTS 1995-1996 AB Background: The 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) recognized calcium, potassium and magnesium, all found in high levels in dairy foods, among the shortfall nutrients in both children and adults' diets. Objective: The objectives were to determine: 1) the percentage of the population with intakes greater than the Adequate Intakes (AI) for calcium and potassium and the percentage of the population with inadequate magnesium intake (based on Estimated Average Requirement [EAR]) and 2) the impact of various levels of dairy consumption on intake of calcium, potassium and magnesium. Design: Secondary analysis of data from the 1999-2004 NHANES. Subjects/Setting: Participants 2 years of age and older. Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of the population meeting current recommendations for calcium, potassium and magnesium. Statistical Analyses Performed: Percentage of EAR/AI for nutrients was calculated based on age/gender specific values. All analyses were weighted using the NHANES six-year sample weights and adjusted for the complex sample design of NHANES with the statistical package SUDAAN. Results: The most recent NHANES data demonstrated that a significant proportion of the American population did not meet recommendations for calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Less than 3% of the population consumed the recommended level or more of potassium. Only 30% of the US population 2 years of age and older obtained the recommended level of calcium or more and 55% consumed less than the EAR for magnesium. Recommending 3-4 servings from the dairy group for all people greater than 9 years of age may be necessary in order to ensure adequate intake of calcium and magnesium, assuming the current diet remains the same. More than 4 servings of dairy would be needed to meet the potassium recommendation at all ages. Conclusions: For those individuals who do not consume dairy products, we need to better understand the barriers to consuming specific dairy products. In addition, more research is needed to examine whether food-based recommendations are practical, feasible and cost effective to meet nutrient needs. C1 [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.tmc.edu NR 54 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 SU S BP 73S EP 81S PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 471FK UT WOS:000268041200002 PM 19571165 ER PT J AU Van Loan, M AF Van Loan, Marta TI The Role of Dairy Foods and Dietary Calcium in Weight Management SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Scientific Evidence for the Role of Dairy Foods in Nutrient Adequacy and Chronic Disease CY OCT 04, 2008 CL Arlington, VA SP Amer Coll Nutr DE dairy; calcium; weight loss; weight management; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FECAL FAT EXCRETION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; METABOLISM-RELATED PROTEINS; AP2-AGOUTI TRANSGENIC MICE; 24-H ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; YOUNG-WOMEN; VITAMIN-D; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LIPID-METABOLISM AB Overweight and obesity are the foremost public health problems in the U.S., other industrialized countries, and is rapidly increasing in developing countries. Obesity is a multifaceted disease which requires multiple approaches to successfully combat its increase. Nutritional factors play a key role and include modification of energy balance, intake and expenditure, as well as other factors. Emerging scientific evidence over the past decade suggests that dairy foods may be beneficial when included in a moderate energy restricted diet and possibly for weight maintenance as well. This paper provides a review of some of the scientific evidence that has examined the effect of dairy foods and dietary calcium on weight management. Topic areas presented are observational or retrospective studies with adults as well as children and adolescents; randomized clinical trials on body weight and composition, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and fecal fat loss; research from animal and in vitro studies provide possible mechanisms of action. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van Loan, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM marta.vanloan@ars.usda.gov NR 94 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 SU S BP 120S EP 129S PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 471FK UT WOS:000268041200006 PM 19571169 ER PT J AU Sebastian, RS Wilkinson, C Goldman, JD AF Sebastian, Rhonda S. Wilkinson, Cecilia Goldman, Joseph D. TI US Adolescents and MyPyramid: Associations between Fast-Food Consumption and Lower Likelihood of Meeting Recommendations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID 24-HOUR DIETARY RECALLS; EXPANDING PORTION SIZES; MULTIPLE-PASS METHOD; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; NUTRIENT INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESITY EPIDEMIC AB Objective To determine whether fast-food consumption is associated with adolescents' food group intakes and likelihood of meeting recommendations outlined in the MyPyramid Food Guidance System. Design Data from two 24-hour recalls collected in What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 were analyzed. Fast-food consumers were divided into tertiles based on the proportion of 2-day energy intake derived from fast food. Subjects Adolescent boys and nonpregnant girls aged 12 to 19 years (n=1,956). Statistical analyses performed All statistical analyses included sample weights to account for the survey design. Regression analyses were used to detect associations between fast-food consumption and both food group intakes and percentages of individuals meeting MyPyramid recommendations, and to predict odds of meeting recommendations by fast-food consumption level. Results Fast-food consumption was associated negatively with MyPyramid fruit and milk group intakes (boys and girls) and positively with discretionary energy and solid fats (girls only). Negative associations were also found between fast-food consumption and percentages of adolescents meeting recommendations for milk (boys), fruits (girls), and vegetables and discretionary energy (boys and girls). Compared with those consuming no fast food, adolescents in the highest tertile of energy from fast food were less likely to meet recommendations for vegetables (odds ratio [OR] =0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05 to 0.52 for boys; OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.79 for girls) and discretionary energy (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.77 for boys; OR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.24 for girls). No relationships were found between fast-food consumption and grains, meat/beans, and oils. Conclusions Adolescents' intakes, whether containing fast food or not, need improvement. Fast food is one factor that impacts adolescents' intake of MyPyramid groups and their likelihood of meeting recommendations. Awareness of fast-food's role in discrepancies between adolescent intakes and MyPyramid recommendations can aid professionals in designing effective strategies to improve adolescents' diets. C1 [Sebastian, Rhonda S.; Wilkinson, Cecilia; Goldman, Joseph D.] ARS, USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sebastian, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 102,BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rhonda.Sebastian@ars.usda.gov NR 81 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.053 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 401CI UT WOS:000262915500007 PM 19167949 ER PT J AU Eckel, RH Kris-Etherton, P Lichtenstein, AH Wylie-Rosett, J Groom, A Stitzel, KF Yin-Piazza, S AF Eckel, Robert H. Kris-Etherton, Penny Lichtenstein, Alice H. Wylie-Rosett, Judith Groom, Allison Stitzel, Kimberly F. Yin-Piazza, Shirley TI Americans' Awareness, Knowledge, and Behaviors Regarding Fats: 2006-2007 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ACIDS; ASSOCIATION; RISK AB In recent years, epidemiologic and clinical studies, public and regulatory policy activity, and media coverage have focused on issues related to trans fats. To help increase awareness and understanding of trans fats and other fats, the American Heart Association (AHA) launched the "Face the Fats" national consumer education campaign in April 2007. The AHA commissioned a quantitative tracking survey between 2006 and 2007 to measure changes in consumer awareness, knowledge, and behaviors related fats and oils and their perceived impact on heart disease. The survey was conducted by Cogent Research. Data were collected during March 2006 and May 2007. At both time points, the survey included a representative sample of the American population age 18 to 65 years (n=1,000). The sampling plan for the survey was designed based on the 2000 and 2003 US Census. The margin of error was +/- 3.10 percentage points. Awareness of trans fats increased during the 1-year study period. In 2007, 92% of respondents were aware of trans fats, an increase from 84% in 2006 (P<0.05). The 2007 level was similar to the awareness of saturated fats (93%). Perceptions that certain fats and oils heighten the risk of heart disease increased for trans fats (73% in 2007 vs 63% in 2006; P<0.05), saturated fats (77% in 2007 vs 73% in 2006; P<0.05), and partially hydrogenated oils (56% in 2007 vs 49% in 2006; P<0.05). Knowledge about food sources of different fats remained low. On an unaided basis, 21% could name three food sources of trans fats in 2007, up from 17% in 2006 (P<0.05). Knowledge of food sources of saturated fat remained unchanged at 30% in 2007. Significantly more respondents in 2007 reported behavioral changes related to trans fat information, such as buying food products because they show "zero trans fat" on labels or packages (37% in 2007 vs. 32% in 2006; P<0.05). Between 2006 and 2007, consumer awareness about trans fats increased and attained awareness levels similar to saturated fats. The increased awareness is associated with improved self-reported behaviors in grocery shopping. Nonetheless, overall knowledge, especially regarding food sources of saturated and trans fats, remains relatively low, underscoring the need for heightened consumer education activities. The positive change in consumer awareness about trans fats is likely attributable to the wide range of messages available to them, including the AHA "Face the Fats" national consumer education campaign. C1 [Groom, Allison] Amer Heart Assoc, Technol & Customer Strategy, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. [Eckel, Robert H.] Univ Colorado Denver, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Adult Gen Clin Res Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Eckel, Robert H.] Univ Colorado Denver, Div Cardiol, Adult Gen Clin Res Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Eckel, Robert H.] Univ Hosp, Lipid Clin, Aurora, CO USA. [Kris-Etherton, Penny] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wylie-Rosett, Judith] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Groom, A (reprint author), Amer Heart Assoc, Technol & Customer Strategy, 7320 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. EM allison.groom@heart.org NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.048 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 401CI UT WOS:000262915500014 PM 19167956 ER PT J AU Crepinsek, MK Gordon, AR McKinney, PM Condon, EM Wilson, A AF Crepinsek, Mary Kay Gordon, Anne R. McKinney, Patricia M. Condon, Elizabeth M. Wilson, Ander TI Meals Offered and Served in US Public Schools: Do They Meet Nutrient Standards? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD; OBESITY AB Background Concerns about the diets of school-aged children and new nutrition recommendations for the US population have increased interest in the nutritional quality of meals available through the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. Objective This article updates national estimates of the food energy and nutrient content of school meals and compares these estimates to federal nutrient standards established under the 1995 School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children. Design Data were collected as part of the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, a nationally representative cross-sectional study fielded during school year 2004-2005. Menu and recipe data for a typical school week were collected in a mail survey with telephone assistance. Nutrient information for common commercially prepared food items was obtained from manufacturers, to supplement the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies used to analyze the data. Analyses were conducted for meals offered and meals served to (selected by) children. Subjects/setting Samples of 130 public school districts that offered federally subsidized school meals, and 398 schools within those districts, participated in the study. Foodservice managers in each school completed a menu survey. Statistical analyses performed Descriptive tabulations present weighted means, proportions, and standard errors for elementary, middle, and high schools, and for all schools combined. Results Most schools offered and served meals that met the standards for protein, vitamins, and minerals. Fewer than one third of schools met the standards for energy from fat or saturated fat in the average lunch, whereas three fourths or more met the fat standards in school breakfasts. For both meals, average levels of sodium were high and fiber was low relative to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 recommendations. Conclusions For school meals to meet nutrient standards and promote eating behaviors consistent with the Dietary Guidelines, future policy, practice, and research should focus on reducing levels of fat and sodium and increasing fiber. C1 [Crepinsek, Mary Kay; Condon, Elizabeth M.; Wilson, Ander] Math Policy Res Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gordon, Anne R.] Math Policy Res Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. [McKinney, Patricia M.] USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Off Res Nutr & Evaluat, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Crepinsek, MK (reprint author), Math Policy Res Inc, 955 Massachusetts Ave,Ste 801, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mcrepinsek@mathematica-mpr.com FU Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture [43-3198-3-3716, 43-3198-4-0060, AG-3198-D-05-0071]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [60542]; Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. FX The third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study was funded by the Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture (contract nos. 43-3198-3-3716, 43-3198-4-0060, and AG-3198-D-05-0071). Preparation of this manuscript was supported by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (grant no. 60542). The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or recommendations of the funding organizations or Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP S31 EP S43 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.061 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 402SW UT WOS:000263034400005 PM 19166671 ER PT J AU Johner, NM AF Johner, Nancy Montanez TI Evaluation's Vital Role in Healthier School Meals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Consumer Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Johner, NM (reprint author), USDA, Consumer Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 109 IS 2 BP S18 EP S19 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.007 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 402SW UT WOS:000263034400003 PM 19166669 ER PT J AU Balan, V Rogers, CA Chundawat, SPS Sousa, LD Slininger, PJ Gupta, R Dale, BE AF Balan, Venkatesh Rogers, Chad A. Chundawat, Shishir P. S. Sousa, Leonardo da Costa Slininger, Patricia J. Gupta, Rajesh Dale, Bruce E. TI Conversion of Extracted Oil Cake Fibers into Bioethanol Including DDGS, Canola, Sunflower, Sesame, Soy, and Peanut for Integrated Biodiesel Processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Edible oil cake; Biodiesel; Bioethanol; AFEX pretreatment; Enzymatic hydrolysis ID ETHANOL; PRETREATMENT; CORN; AFEX AB We have come up with a novel, integrated approach for making biodiesel by in-house producion of ethanol after fermentation of hexane extracted edible oil cake fiber. In addition, we have demonstrated how ethanol could be manufactured from commonly available oil cakes (such as canola, sunflower, sesame, soy, peanut) and dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS). The edible oil cakes and DDGS were hexane extracted, ammonia fiber expansion pretreated, enzymatically hydrolysed and fermented to produce ethanol. From all the oil cakes tested in this work, DDGS and peanut oil cake showed the most promising results giving more than 180 g of glucose/kg of oil cake. These two feedstock's were hydrolyzed at 15% solids loading and fermented by a native strain of Pichia stipitis. Most sugars were consumed during the first 24 h, with no pronounced inhibition of P. stipitis by the degradation products in the hydrolysate. Xylose consumption was more effective for peanut cake hydrolyzate compared to DDGS. C1 [Balan, Venkatesh; Rogers, Chad A.; Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Sousa, Leonardo da Costa; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Biomass Convers Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Slininger, Patricia J.] Agr Res Serv, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gupta, Rajesh] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Balan, V (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Biomass Convers Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM balan@msu.edu RI da Costa Sousa, Leonardo/A-1536-2016; OI Chundawat, Shishir/0000-0003-3677-6735 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG36-04GO14220]; Michigan Research Foundation FX We thank Genencor International, Inc. for a gift of enzymes and Big River Resources, LLC for supplying distiller's grains. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy ( Contract: DE-FG36-04GO14220) in cooperation with the Midwest Consortium for Biobased Products and Bioenergy. Additional funding was provided by Michigan Research Foundation, through SPG grants. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1329-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 396GG UT WOS:000262579600008 ER PT J AU Simon, A Pollen-Bankhead, N Mahacek, V Langendoen, E AF Simon, Andrew Pollen-Bankhead, Natasha Mahacek, Virginia Langendoen, Eddy TI QUANTIFYING REDUCTIONS OF MASS-FAILURE FREQUENCY AND SEDIMENT LOADINGS FROM STREAMBANKS USING TOE PROTECTION AND OTHER MEANS: LAKE TAHOE, UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment loads; lake clarity; bank-stability modeling; bank stabilization; Lake Tahoe ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; STABILITY; TRANSPARENCY; VARIABILITY; ERODIBILITY; STRENGTH; EROSION; RIVER AB Streambank erosion by mass-failure processes represents an important form of channel adjustment and a significant source of sediment in disturbed streams. Mass failures regularly occur by a combination of hydraulic processes that undercut bank toes and geotechnical processes that cause bank collapse by gravity. Little if any quantitative information is available on the effectiveness of bank treatments on reducing erosion. To evaluate potential reduction in sediment loadings emanating from streambanks, the hydraulic and geotechnical processes responsible for mass failure were simulated under existing and mitigated conditions using a Bank-Stability and Toe-Erosion Model (BSTEM). Two critical erosion sites were selected from each of the three watersheds known to contribute the greatest amounts of fine sediment by streambank processes in the Lake Tahoe Basin. A typical high-flow annual hydrograph was selected for analysis. Bank-material strength data were collected for each layer as were species-specific root-reinforcement values. The effects of the first flow event on bank-toe erosion were simulated using an excess shear-stress approach. The resulting geometry was then exported into the bank-stability submodel to test for the relative stability of the bank under peak flow and draw-down conditions. In this way, BSTEM was used iteratively for all flow events for both existing and mitigated conditions. On average, 13.6% of the material was eroded by hydraulic shear, the remainder by mass failures, which occurred about five times over the simulation period. Simulations with 1.0 m-high rock-toe protection showed a dramatic reduction in streambank erosion (69-100%). Failure frequency for the simulation period was reduced in most cases to a single episode. Thus, an almost 90% reduction in streambank loadings was achieved by virtually eliminating the erosion of only 14% of the material that was entrained by hydraulic forces. Consequently, simulations show average load reductions of about an order of magnitude. Results stress the critical importance of protecting the bank toe-region from steepening by hydraulic forces that would otherwise entrain previously failed and in situ bank materials, thereby allowing the upper bank to flatten (by failure) to a stable slope. C1 [Simon, Andrew; Pollen-Bankhead, Natasha; Langendoen, Eddy] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Mahacek, Virginia] Valley Mt Consulting, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM asimon@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 170 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00268.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402QE UT WOS:000263027400015 ER PT J AU Riche, M AF Riche, Marty TI Evaluation of Digestible Energy and Protein for Growth and Nitrogen Retention in Juvenile Florida Pompano, Trachinotus carolinus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEABREAM SPARUS-AURATA; DIETARY-LIPID LEVEL; ASIAN SEA-BASS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FEED-UTILIZATION; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; LATES-CALCARIFER; CHROMIC OXIDE; L.; PERFORMANCE AB Juvenile Florida pompano (6.3 +/- 0.50 g) were fed 1 of 12 diets formulated with an array of crude protein (340, 380, 420, 480, or 500 g/kg diet) and crude lipid (60, 100, 120, 160, or 180 g/kg diet) levels and estimated digestible protein to digestible energy (DP/DE) of 18.9-26.8 mg/kJ. In a second trial, apparent protein and energy digestibilities were empirically determined and coefficients used to calculate actual digestibilities. Digestible energy (DE) intake was 4.2-13.0 kJ/fish/d, and digestible protein (DP) intake was 0.13-0.32 g/fish/d. Average daily gain increased as a function of both DP and energy. Growth increased with increasing DP in all diets containing 24.0 mg/kJ DP/DE or greater until a plateau at 366 g DP/kg. Nitrogen gain was also a function of both DP and DE. Increasing energy at constant protein improved protein utilization. DP to maximize growth and nitrogen gain was between 356 and 366 g/kg. DE to attain maximum growth in juvenile Florida pompano is at least 15.4 MJ/kg with a DP/DE between 23.8 and 25.1 mg/kJ. C1 USDA ARS, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 S Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX The author thanks Patrick Tracy and David Haley for their hard work and dedication toward the completion of this study. Sincere thanks to Paul Wills, William Congleton, and Steve Rawles for their insight and constructive comments during article preparation. This study was funded by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service Project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. All programs and services of the USDA are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, or handicap. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00234.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 397EH UT WOS:000262644700004 ER PT J AU Yildirim-Aksoy, M Lim, C Shelby, R Klesius, PH AF Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Lim, Chhorn Shelby, Richard Klesius, Phillip H. TI Increasing Fish Oil Levels in Commercial Diets Influences Hematological and Immunological Responses of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RAINBOW-TROUT; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; LIPID SOURCES; SEA BREAM AB Growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance were studied in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed a commercial diet (35.3% crude protein and 5.6% lipid) supplemented with menhaden fish oil at levels of 0, 3, 6, and 9% for 15 wk. Dietary fish oil levels did not significantly influence growth performance of catfish. Fatty acid compositions of whole-body and liver reflected dietary fatty acid composition. No differences were found in hematological values, except that fish fed the 9% fish oil diet had significantly lower hematocrit. The resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis in hypotonic solutions increased with increasing fish oil levels and the highest resistance was seen with the 9% fish oil diet. Fish fed 6 and 9% added fish oil diets had significantly higher serum protein levels than that of control fish. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed 3 and 6% added fish oil diet was significantly higher than that of the control. Complement activity and chemotaxis ratio significantly decreased in fish fed diets with 6 or 9% added fish oil. The 3% added fish oil diet, however, had significantly highest natural hemolytic complement activity. Mortality from Edwardsiella ictaluri 14 d postchallenge and antibody titers to E. ictaluri did not differ among treatments. C1 [Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Lim, Chhorn; Shelby, Richard; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. FU Omega Protein, Inc. (Reedville, VA, USA) FX We are grateful to Omega Protein, Inc. (Reedville, VA, USA) for providing ARBP refined menhaden fish oil used in this research. The authors also thank Rashida Eljack, Todd Threadgill and Justin Brock for their assistance in this project. Use of trade name or commercial products is solely for purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by USDA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00228.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 397EH UT WOS:000262644700007 ER PT J AU Mischke, CC Wise, DJ Zimba, PV AF Mischke, Charles C. Wise, David J. Zimba, Paul V. TI Impact of Copper Sulfate on Plankton in Channel Catfish Nursery Ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SNAIL PLANORBELLA-TRIVOLVIS; SHORELINE TREATMENT; ACUTE TOXICITY; CITRIC-ACID; MANAGEMENT; CHEMICALS; RESPONSES; ZINC AB Many fish culturists are interested in applying copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nursery ponds as a prophylactic treatment for trematode infection and proliferative gill disease by killing snails and Dero sp., respectively, before stocking fry. However, copper is an algaecide and may adversely affect phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. We evaluated the effects of prophylactic use of copper sulfate in catfish nursery ponds on water quality and phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. In 2006, treatments of 0 mg/L CSP, 3 mg/L CSP (0.77 mg/L Cu), and 6 mg/L CSP (1.54 mg/L Cu) were randomly assigned to 0.04-ha ponds. In 2007, only treatments of 0 and 3 mg/L CSP were randomly assigned to the 16 ponds. Ponds treated with CSP had significantly higher pH and significantly lower total ammonia concentrations. Treatment of both CSP rates increased total algal concentrations but reduced desirable zooplankton groups for catfish culture. CSP has been shown to be effective in reducing snail populations at the rate used in this study. CSP treatment also appears to be beneficial to the algal bloom, shifting the algal population to green algae and increasing total algal biomass within 1 wk after CSP treatment. Although zooplankton populations were adversely affected, populations of important zooplankton to catfish fry began rebounding 6-12 d after CSP treatment. Therefore, if CSP is used to treat catfish fry ponds of similar water composition used in this study, fry should not be stocked for about 2 wk after CSP application to allow time for the desirable zooplankton densities to begin increasing. C1 [Mischke, Charles C.; Wise, David J.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mischke, CC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013; OI Mischke, Charles/0000-0002-3934-9571 FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), [MIS-0811] FX This is journal article no. J-11200 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This project is supported under MAFES Project Number MIS-0811. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00225.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 397EH UT WOS:000262644700012 ER PT J AU Meador, AJS Moore, MM Bakker, JD Parysow, PF AF Meador, Sanchez A. J. Moore, M. M. Bakker, J. D. Parysow, P. F. TI 108 years of change in spatial pattern following selective harvest of a Pinus ponderosa stand in northern Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clark and Evans' R; Fort Valley Experimental Forest; Gap model; Moran's I; Neyman-Scott Process; Recruitment pattern; Residual stand; Ripley's K; Woolsey permanent plots ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TREATMENTS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; FOREST STRUCTURE; REGENERATION; GROWTH; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; PATCHES AB How did an initial tree harvest in 1894 influence the spatial and temporal patterns of Pinus ponderosa recruitment? How do these patterns compare to our understanding of P. ponderosa stand dynamics prior to Euro-American settlement? How might spatial pattern information, particularly with respect to patch characteristics, inform current restoration and management practices? A 2.59-ha permanent sample plot in the Fort Valley Experimental Forest, Flagstaff, Arizona. The plot was selectively harvested in 1894 and measured in 1909 and 2002. We used historical stem-map and ledger data, contemporary data, and dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct stand structure (tree size, age, location) in three scenarios: (1) unharvested (1909), (2) harvested (1909), and (3) contemporary (2002). We used Clark and Evans' R, Ripley's K(t) univariate analysis, and correlogram analysis to assess the spatial pattern in each scenario. We also used Ripley's K (12)(t) bivariate analysis and tree age data to examine spatial and temporal recruitment patterns as observed in the contemporary scenario. The unharvested stand was aggregated at scales up to 28 m. The selective harvest accentuated the spatial patchiness of the stand in 1909 and changed spatial patterns by homogenizing tree size within patches. By 2002, the stand was a single patch dominated by small trees. Post-harvest recruitment patterns were not spatially random; Pinus seedlings initially established in natural grass openings and then proceeded to fill-in stump patches created by harvesting. Knowledge of spatial pattern should be explicitly incorporated into restoration activities in these forests. C1 [Meador, Sanchez A. J.; Moore, M. M.; Parysow, P. F.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bakker, J. D.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Meador, AJS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM asanchezmeador@fs.fed.us; margaret.moore@nau.edu; jbakker@u.washington.edu; pablo.parysow@nau.edu RI Bakker, Jonathan/I-6960-2013 FU USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) Joint Venture Agreement [28-JV7-939]; USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service [2003-35101-12919]; McIntire-Stennis appropriations to the School of Forestry; Ecological Restoration Institute (ERI) at Northern Arizona University FX We thank Peter Brown, Margot Kaye, Stephen Jackson, Andrew Gascho-Landis, Brent Burch, Pete FulE, and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing earlier versions of this paper. Contemporary measurements were supported by USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) Joint Venture Agreement 28-JV7-939 and USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service grant 2003-35101-12919. Additional funding was provided by McIntire-Stennis appropriations to the School of Forestry and grants from the Ecological Restoration Institute (ERI) at Northern Arizona University. We are grateful to Dave Vanderzanden, Joe Crouse, Dave Huffman, Don Normandin, and numerous people from the ERI who provided field, laboratory, data entry assistance, and logistical support. We thank the USFS RMRS and Coconino National Forest for permission to sample their lands. We also thank Susan Olberding, archivist and historian, RMRS Fort Valley Experimental Forest Archives, Flagstaff, AZ, who helped us locate historical maps and ledger data. Finally, we are indebted to G.A. Pearson and T.S. Woolsey, Jr., who had the foresight to establish these permanent plots and map and record the forest structure in 1909. NR 89 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05464.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 412CS UT WOS:000263701500010 ER PT J AU Stueve, KM Cerney, DL Rochefort, RM Kurth, LL AF Stueve, Kirk M. Cerney, Dawna L. Rochefort, Regina M. Kurth, Laurie L. TI Post-fire tree establishment patterns at the alpine treeline ecotone: Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abies lasiocarpa; CORONA; Hierarchical partitioning; Landscape; Pacific Northwest; Seed dispersal; Spatial autocorrelation; Subalpine parkland; Topography ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; FIRE; REGENERATION; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; TIMBERLINE; NORTHERN; ECOLOGY AB Does tree establishment: (1) occur at a treeline depressed by fire, (2) cause the forest line to ascend upslope, and/or (3) alter landscape heterogeneity? (4) What abiotic and biotic local site conditions are most important in structuring establishment patterns? (5) Does the abiotic setting become more important with increasing upslope distance from the forest line? Western slopes of Mount Rainier, USA. We performed classification analysis of 1970 satellite imagery and 2003 aerial photography to delineate establishment. Local site conditions were calculated from a LIDAR-based DEM, ancillary climate data, and 1970 tree locations in a GIS. We used logistic regression on a spatially weighted landscape matrix to rank variables. Considerable establishment after 1970 caused forest line elevation to increase over 150 m in specific locations. Landscape heterogeneity increased with distance from the 1970 forest line. At a broad spatial context, we found establishment was most common near existing trees (0-50 m) and at low elevations (1250-1350 m). Slope aspect (W, NW, N, NE, and E), slope angle (40-60 degrees), and other abiotic factors emerged as important predictors of establishment with increasing upslope distance from the forest line to restricted spatial extents. Favorable climatic conditions likely triggered widespread tree establishment. Readily available seed probably enhanced establishment rates near sexually mature trees, particularly in the less stressful environment at low elevations. The mass effect of nearly ubiquitous establishment in these areas may have obscured the importance of the abiotic setting to restricted spatial extents. Topographic variability apparently produced favorable sites that facilitated opportunistic establishment with increasing upslope distance from the forest line, thereby enabling additional trees to invade the alpine tundra. C1 [Stueve, Kirk M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cerney, Dawna L.] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Geog, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Rochefort, Regina M.] Natl Pk Serv, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284 USA. [Kurth, Laurie L.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Stueve, KM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stueve@geog.tamu.edu RI Stueve, Kirk/E-6217-2010 FU United States Forest Service; National Park Service; Texas A&M Department of Geography FX Generous funding was provided by the United States Forest Service, the National Park Service, and the Texas A&M Department of Geography. We thank Bret Christoe and the National Park Service for providing the research permit and the Texas A&M Biogeography Research Group for use of lab resources. Andrew Millington, David Cairns, Charles Lafon, Andrew Klein, and Sorin Popescu offered constructive critiques and Hongxing Liu provided exceptional training in quantitative spatial analysis. We are extremely grateful to Rachel Isaacs for participating in fieldwork and Amanda Young for assisting with lab work. Mary, Caden, and Carter Stueve provided unwavering support. Last, we thank two anonymous reviewers and the Coordinating Editor, Aaron Moody, who demonstrated a careful and thorough understanding of the manuscript and helped to strengthen it immeasurably. NR 72 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05437.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 412CS UT WOS:000263701500012 ER PT J AU Schlossberg, S King, DI AF Schlossberg, Scott King, David I. TI Postlogging Succession and Habitat Usage of Shrubland Birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat availability; meta-analysis; population size; shrubland birds; succession; timber harvest ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HARDWOOD FOREST; BREEDING BIRDS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NOVA-SCOTIA; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS AB In the first decades after logging, the vegetation structure of harvested areas changes rapidly due to succession. For shrubland birds, many of which specialize on regeneration of specific ages, the changing vegetation structure makes determining how much habitat is available for individual species difficult. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine how populations of shrubland birds in the eastern United States and Canada respond to succession in the first 20 years after timber harvest. Based on those results, we used the area under the abundance-time regression curves to estimate the proportion of regenerating forest actually used by each bird species. Of the 28 species for which we had sufficient data, 14 showed significant changes in abundance over time. For 6 species, abundance was highest immediately after logging and decreased thereafter. Abundances of 7 other species were initially low, peaked roughly 10 years after harvest, and declined thereafter. Based on these results, shrubland birds would be expected to occupy a mean of just 53%(SD 17%) of regenerating forests up to 20 years old. Thus, current estimates of habitat availability for shrubland birds may be too high by a factor of 2. Our findings also suggest that managed openings should be maintained on longer rotations than are currently used, providing habitat for birds that prefer older regeneration. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(2): 226-231; 2009) C1 [Schlossberg, Scott] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Schlossberg, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 201 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM srs@nrc.umass.edu FU National Resources Conservation Service Resource Inventory and Assessment Division FX Thanks to the National Resources Conservation Service Resource Inventory and Assessment Division for providing financial support for S. Schlossberg and for our literature review. Thanks to L. Brennan, F. Thompson, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.2193/2007-518 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 430ZY UT WOS:000265032300008 ER PT J AU Long, RA Muir, JD Rachlow, JL Kie, JG AF Long, Ryan A. Muir, Jonathan D. Rachlow, Janet L. Kie, John G. TI A Comparison of Two Modeling Approaches for Evaluating Wildlife-Habitat Relationships SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE elk; habitat modeling; logistic regression; mule deer; multiple regression; resource selection function; resource utilization function; spatial autocorrelation; utilization distribution ID SQUARES CROSS-VALIDATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; BLACK-TAILED DEER; RESOURCE SELECTION; MULE DEER; SCALE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREFERENCE; LANDSCAPE; MOVEMENTS AB Studies of resource selection form the basis for much of our understanding of wildlife habitat requirements, and resource selection functions (RSFs), which predict relative probability of use, have been proposed as a unifying concept for analysis and interpretation of wildlife habitat data. Logistic regression that contrasts used and available or unused resource units is one of the most common analyses for developing RSFs. Recently, resource utilization functions (RUFs) have been developed, which also predict probability of use. Unlike RSFs, however, RUFs are based on a continuous metric of space use summarized by a utilization distribution. Although both RSFs and RUFs predict space use, a direct comparison of these 2 modeling approaches is lacking. We compared performance of RSFs and RUFs by applying both approaches to location data for 75 Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and 39 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) collected at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon, USA. We evaluated differences in maps of predicted probability of use, relative ranking of habitat variables, and predictive power between the 2 models. For elk, 3 habitat variables were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the RSF, whereas 7 variables were significant in the RUF. Maps of predicted probability of use differed substantially between the 2 models for elk, as did the relative ranking of habitat variables. For mule deer, 4 variables were significant in the RSF, whereas 6 were significant in the RUF, and maps of predicted probability of use were similar between models. In addition, distance to water was the top-ranked variable in both models for mule deer. Although space use by both species was predicted most accurately by the RSF based on cross-validation, differences in predictive power between models were more substantial for elk than mule deer. To maximize accuracy and utility of predictive wildlife-habitat models, managers must be aware of the relative strengths and weaknesses of different modeling techniques. We conclude that although RUFs represent a substantial advance in resource selection theory, techniques available for generating RUFs remain underdeveloped and, as a result, RUFs sometimes predict less accurately than models derived using more conventional techniques. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 2): 294-302; 2009) C1 [Long, Ryan A.; Muir, Jonathan D.; Rachlow, Janet L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kie, John G.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Kie, John G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM longryan@isu.edu RI Long, Ryan/B-6472-2012 NR 55 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.2193/2008-052 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 430ZY UT WOS:000265032300017 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 47 EP 47 DI 10.1038/laban0209-47 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 406KO UT WOS:000263294400005 PM 19165188 ER PT J AU Matta, JR Alavalapati, JRR Mercer, DE AF Matta, Jagannadha R. Alavalapati, Janaki R. R. Mercer, D. Evan TI Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation Beyond the Best Management Practices: Are Forestland Owners Interested? SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID HABITAT; PREFERENCES; PROTECTION; SERVICES; FLORIDA AB With the growing recognition of the role of environmental services rendered by private lands, landowner involvement has become a critical component of landscape-level strategies to conserve biodiversity. In this paper, we examine the willingness of private forest owners to participate in a conservation program that requires adopting management regimes beyond the existing regulations for silvicultural best management practices. Results from a multinomial logit model indicate both program attributes and landowner characteristics significantly influencing participation. While the mean incentive payment necessary to induce participation is $95.54 per ha per year, this amount varied among respondents with different forest ownership objectives. (JEL Q23, Q24) C1 [Matta, Jagannadha R.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Matta, JR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 132 EP 143 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393BB UT WOS:000262344800009 ER PT J AU Crowley, CSL Malik, AS Amacher, GS Haight, RG AF Crowley, Christian S. L. Malik, Arun S. Amacher, Gregory S. Haight, Robert G. TI Adjacency Externalities and Forest Fire Prevention SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID RISK; MANAGEMENT AB This paper models landowner behavior on timberland subject to damage by fire. We examine how management decisions by adjacent landowners yield outcomes that diverge from the social optimum, and consider how this divergence depends on landowner preferences and information. We conduct a numerical simulation in which landowners interact through the effects of their fire prevention activities on a common risk of fire. The results reveal significant social inefficiencies related to externalities associated with private fuel treatment decisions. We consider a policy for aligning social and private decisions by requiring landowners to share the government's cost of fire suppression. (JEL Q23, Q28) C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 BP 162 EP 185 PG 24 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393BB UT WOS:000262344800011 ER PT J AU Blackburn, HD AF Blackburn, H. D. TI Genebank development for the conservation of livestock genetic resources in the United States of America SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Animal genetic resources; Conservation; Cryopreservation ID CHICKEN; DIVERSITY; CELLS AB The USDA established the National Animal Germplasm Program (NAGP) to conserve livestock genetic resources in 1999. The NAGP is primarily concerned with the development of cryopreserved germplasm and tissue samples from U.S. livestock species. To execute the program's mission, subcomponents dealing with genetic diversity, cryopreservation, and database development have been initiated. An early decision was made to develop collections on all U. S. livestock breeds. Since that decision, collections on 119 breeds have been initiated and ten of the collections have reached the collection goal. An example of selecting animals for the collection is given using Jersey cattle. The selection procedure utilizes the coefficient of genetic relationship as a basis to cluster candidates for the collection and as a method for assessing how complete a breed's collection may be. By using this approach it was determined that 86% of the clusters were presently represented in the collection. With this information collection efforts could be planned to fill in the missing gaps. Performance information from a sample of the in-situ population and the collection were compared. This analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the means for the Core Collection and the in-situ population sample for milk production, milk protein and net merit index. A significant difference was found for milk fat. While the total collection effort is not complete, samples have been distributed from the repository to perform QTL and genetic distancing studies, creation of a research population, and to introduce genetic variation into a rare cattle breed. Progress has been made in starting breed collections however, significant efforts are needed to: acquire additional accessions for the collection, develop the information system, and quantify levels of genetic diversity within and among breeds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Harvey.Blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 120 IS 3 SI SI BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.07.004 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 406VI UT WOS:000263322600004 ER PT J AU Blackburn, H Gollin, D AF Blackburn, Harvey Gollin, Douglas TI Animal genetic resource trade flows: The utilization of newly imported breeds and the gene flow of imported animals in the United States of America SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Animal genetic resources; Gene flow; Germplasm trade ID MEISHAN AB Animal germplasm exchange has recently received attention as a product of the FAO's State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources effort. Some have advocated a need to explore policies and regulations oil the exchange of germplasm (e.g., Hiemstra, S.J., Drucker, A., Tvedt, M., Louwaars, N., Oldenbroek, J., Awgichew, K., Kebede, S., Bhat, P., da Silva Mariante, A. 2006. Exchange, use and conservation of animal genetic resources: policies and regulatory options. Centre for Genetic Resources. Wageningen Univ., the Netherlands, pp. 1-43). However, there has been little comprehensive assessment of either the economic or genetic impact of introduced germplasm into national populations. As a result, much of the discussion of gene flows has been based on assumptions and generalizations. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the genetic impact of germplasm imported into the United States during the last 25 to 50 years. The paper considers both new breeds (Meishan pigs, Tuli cattle, and Boer goats) and new animals within existing breeds (Limousin and Jersey cattle). Of the new breeds recently imported only one had an impact on US animal agriculture. Neither the Tuli nor the Meishan has impacted the US livestock industry. It appears that these breeds were initially viewed as attractive because of single traits, but producers did not find it attractive to adopt the new breeds based on these specific traits. In the end, these breeds did not prove competitive in the US under the current set of market conditions. This result would indicate that importation of new genetic resources due to a single trait of interest is not a viable importation strategy. By contrast, the Boer goat exhibited a number of production characteristics which made it desirable to US producers and thereby allowed the breed to become well established. A second portion of the study evaluated the importation and parentage pattern of Limousin cattle as they became established in the U.S. and the gene flow of imported Jersey cattle since the 1950's. In both cases, the study relied on pedigree analysis. Over the past fifty years, Jersey cattle have been sporadically imported from various countries, but no imported animal has had an overpowering effect on the population. It appears that by the great-grand progeny level, the genes from imported animals are diminishing rather than increasing in the population. In evaluating the predicted transmitting abilities for imported cattle relative to high and moderately ranked domestically bred cattle, there were significant differences between these groups for milk production. This would be sufficient to explain why the impact of the imported cattle diminished. The results of our analysis at both the breed and individual level underscore the speculative nature of germplasm importation - even within breeds where there is a great deal of information available about production characteristics. From this analysis, we conclude that successful importation of new breeds into the US must be based on a large number of production characteristics; importation for a single characteristic (e.g., high prolificacy) while the breed is deficient in other areas does not lead to the breed's adoption. While not fully explored in this work, it appears that initial interest and acceptance from the private sector is crucial for breed acceptance, as the Boer goat demonstrates. Within an existing breed, importation of individual animals still appears to have a relatively high degree of risk and is dependent upon the importer's ability to pick viable candidates. Hoever, once animals are imported their progeny must effectively compete with the domestic population, or else their genetic contribution will rapidly diminish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blackburn, Harvey] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gollin, Douglas] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Blackburn, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Harvey.Blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 120 IS 3 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.07.006 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 406VI UT WOS:000263322600010 ER PT J AU Gollin, D Van Dusen, E Blackburn, H AF Gollin, Douglas Van Dusen, Eric Blackburn, Harvey TI Animal genetic resource trade flows: Economic assessment SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Animal genetic resources; Gene flow; Germplasm trade AB Throughout human history, livestock producers have relied on a vibrant international exchange of genetic resources to achieve improvements in the quality and productivity of their animals. In recent years, however, some observers have argued that changes in the legal, technological, and economic environment now imply that international exchanges of animal genetic resources (AnGR) systematically benefit rich countries at the expense of poor countries. It is argued that international flows of AnGR are displacing the indigenous animal genetic resources of developing countries, and also that the genetic wealth of the developing world is being expropriated by rich countries. In reaction, there have been growing calls for limitations and/or barriers to the exchange of animal genetic resources. These discussions, however, seem to be based on limited information about the magnitude and direction of current trade flows in AnGR. This paper offers an analysis of AnGR trade flows from 1990 to 2005. The paper draws on national-level data from 150 countries that reported information to the United Nations Statistics Division. Three major trade categories were evaluated: live cattle and pigs for breeding, and cattle semen. Over the period studied, Europe and North America were the primary exporters of genetic resources for the species evaluated. OECD countries accounted for 98.7, 92.5, and 95% of cattle semen, live cattle, and swine exports in 2005, respectively. In evaluating the direction of trade between developed (North) and developing (South) countries, North-North trade had the largest magnitude, followed by North-South, South-South, and South-North. The data do not Support the notion that Southern genetic resources are being used on a large scale in the North. We believe that importation from South to North is limited by the vast discrepancies in production efficiency and production systems between countries in the North and South. Given the low volume of South-North exchange, it seems doubtful that sufficient revenues could be acquired through a "benefit-sharing mechanism" to have any substantial impact on in situ or ex situ conservation efforts, or to generate benefits for poor livestock keepers in developing countries. We question whether global agreements or restrictions on trade will achieve the desired goal of conserving rare breeds and threatened genetic resources. We also doubt whether these agreements will succeed in improving the well-being of the poor. We suggest that resources instead be urgently employed for conservation and that more direct measures should be taken to aid poor fanners, ranchers, and herders in their efforts to conserve genetic resources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blackburn, Harvey] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gollin, Douglas] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Blackburn, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Harvey.Blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 120 IS 3 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.07.017 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 406VI UT WOS:000263322600011 ER PT J AU Clark, J Campbell, J Grizzle, H Acosta-Martinez, V Zak, J AF Clark, Jeb S. Campbell, James H. Grizzle, Heath Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Zak, John C. TI Soil Microbial Community Response to Drought and Precipitation Variability in the Chihuahuan Desert SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; BACTERIAL; BIOMASS; DIVERSITY; GRADIENT; LITTER; FOREST; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVATION AB Increases in the magnitude and variability of precipitation events have been predicted for the Chihuahuan Desert region of West Texas. As patterns of moisture inputs and amounts change, soil microbial communities will respond to these alterations in soil moisture windows. In this study, we examined the soil microbial community structure within three vegetation zones along the Pine Canyon Watershed, an elevation and vegetation gradient in Big Bend National Park, Chihuahuan Desert. Soil samples at each site were obtained in mid-winter (January) and in mid-summer (August) for 2 years to capture a component of the variability in soil temperature and moisture that can occur seasonally and between years along this watershed. Precipitation patterns and amounts differed substantially between years with a drought characterizing most of the second year. Soils were collected during the drought period and following a large rainfall event and compared to soil samples collected during a relatively average season. Structural changes within microbial community in response to site, season, and precipitation patterns were evaluated using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analyses. Fungal FAME amounts differed significantly across seasons and sites and greatly outweighed the quantity of bacterial and actinomycete FAME levels for all sites and seasons. The highest fungal FAME levels were obtained in the low desert scrub site and not from the high elevation oak-pine forests. Total bacterial and actinomycete FAME levels did not differ significantly across season and year within any of the three locations along the watershed. Total bacterial and actinomycete FAME levels in the low elevation desert-shrub and grassland sites were slightly higher in the winter than in the summer. Microbial community structure at the high elevation oak-pine forest site was strongly correlated with levels of NH(4) (+)-N, % soil moisture, and amounts of soil organic matter irrespective of season. Microbial community structure at the low elevation desert scrub and sotol grasslands sites was most strongly related to soil pH with bacterial and actinobacterial FAME levels accounting for site differences along the gradient. DGGE band counts of amplified soil bacterial DNA were found to differ significantly across sites and season with the highest band counts found in the mid-elevation grassland site. The least number of bands was observed in the high elevation oak-pine forest following the large summer-rain event that occurred after a prolonged drought. Microbial responses to changes in precipitation frequency and amount due to climate change will differ among vegetation zones along this Chihuahuan Desert watershed gradient. Soil bacterial communities at the mid-elevation grasslands site are the most vulnerable to changes in precipitation frequency and timing, while fungal community structure is most vulnerable in the low desert scrub site. The differential susceptibility of the microbial communities to changes in precipitation amounts along the elevation gradient reflects the interactive effects of the soil moisture window duration following a precipitation event and differences in soil heat loads. Amounts and types of carbon inputs may not be as important in regulating microbial structure among vegetation zones within in an arid environment as is the seasonal pattern of soil moisture and the soil heat load profile that characterizes the location. C1 [Clark, Jeb S.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Nephrol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Clark, Jeb S.; Campbell, James H.; Grizzle, Heath; Zak, John C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Campbell, James H.] Clean Air Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Clark, J (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Nephrol, Res Wing,Room R127,2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM JSClark@ped.umsmed.edu RI Clark, Jeb/E-5680-2010 FU USGS-BRD; National Park Service FX This study was supported by a USGS-BRD and a National Park Service grants to J. Zak. The staff of Big Bend National Park and input from Dr. Ed Sobek ( Clean Air Labs) are gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are extended for the guidance and assistance given by Dr. Michael San Francisco, Dr. Randall Jeter, and Colin Bell at Texas Tech University. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 10 U2 117 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s00248-008-9475-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 399WH UT WOS:000262829500004 PM 19067031 ER PT J AU Lehman, R Lundgren, J Petzke, L AF Lehman, R. Michael Lundgren, Jonathan G. Petzke, Lynn M. TI Bacterial Communities Associated with the Digestive Tract of the Predatory Ground Beetle, Poecilus chalcites, and Their Modification by Laboratory Rearing and Antibiotic Treatment SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WEED SEED PREDATORS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; DWELLING ARTHROPODS; INTESTINAL-TRACT; COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE; SEQUENCES; MIDGUT; GUT AB Ground beetles such as Poecilus chalcites (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are beneficial insects in agricultural systems where they contribute to the control of insect and weed pests. We assessed the complexity of bacterial communities occurring in the digestive tracts of field-collected P. chalcites using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial identification was performed by the construction of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and sequence analysis. Intestinal bacteria in field-collected beetles were then compared to those from groups of beetles that were reared in the lab on an artificial diet with and without antibiotics. Direct cell counts estimated 1.5 x 10(8) bacteria per milliliter of gut. The digestive tract of field-collected P. chalcites produced an average of 4.8 terminal restriction fragments (tRF) for each beetle. The most abundant clones were affiliated with the genus Lactobacillus, followed by the taxa Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridia, and Bacteriodetes. The majority of the sequences recovered were closely related to those reported from other insect gastrointestinal tracts. Lab-reared beetles produced fewer tRF, an average of 3.1 per beetle, and a reduced number of taxa with a higher number of clones from the family Enterobacteriaceae compared to the field-collected beetles. Antibiotic treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of tRF per beetle and selected for a less diverse set of bacterial taxa. We conclude that the digestive tract of P. chalcites is colonized by a simple community of bacteria that possess autochthonous characteristics. Laboratory-reared beetles harbored the most common bacteria found in field-collected beetles, and these bacterial communities may be manipulated in the laboratory with the addition of antibiotics to the diet to allow study of functional roles. C1 [Lehman, R. Michael; Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Petzke, Lynn M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Biol Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lehman, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM michael.lehman@ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s00248-008-9415-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 399WH UT WOS:000262829500013 PM 18587608 ER PT J AU Wang, F Tong, Q AF Wang, Fei Tong, Qiang TI SIRT2 Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation by Deacetylating FOXO1 and Enhancing FOXO1's Repressive Interaction with PPAR gamma SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CALORIE RESTRICTION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; DIETARY RESTRICTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CELL-CYCLE; LIFE-SPAN; GENE; MICE AB Sirtuin family of proteins possesses NAD-dependent deacetylase and ADP ribosyltransferase activities. They are found to respond to nutrient deprivation and profoundly regulate metabolic functions. We have previously reported that caloric restriction increases the expression of one of the seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT2, in tissues such as white adipose tissue. Because adipose tissue is a key metabolic organ playing a critical role in whole body energy homeostasis, we went on to explore the function of SIRT2 in adipose tissue. We found short-term food deprivation for 24 h, already induces SIRT2 expression in white and brown adipose tissues. Additionally, cold exposure elevates SIRT2 expression in brown adipose tissue but not in white adipose tissue. Intraperitoneal injection of a beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) enhances SIRT2 expression in white adipose tissue. Retroviral expression of SIRT2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes promotes lipolysis. SIRT2 inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in low-glucose (1 g/l) or low-insulin ( 100 nM) condition. Mechanistically, SIRT2 suppresses adipogenesis by deacetylating FOXO1 to promote FOXO1's binding to PPAR gamma and subsequent repression on PPAR gamma transcriptional activity. Overall, our results indicate that SIRT2 responds to nutrient deprivation and energy expenditure to maintain energy homeostasis by promoting lipolysis and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. C1 [Wang, Fei; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tong, Q (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.tmc.edu RI Wang, Fei/F-8015-2010 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK075978, R01 DK075978] NR 56 TC 105 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1091/mbc.E08-06-0647 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 402RX UT WOS:000263031900006 PM 19037106 ER PT J AU Blair, M Astudillo, C Grusak, M Graham, R Beebe, S AF Blair, M. W. Astudillo, C. Grusak, M. A. Graham, R. Beebe, S. E. TI Inheritance of seed iron and zinc concentrations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Seed micronutrient concentration; Quantitative trait loci; Nutritional quality ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; STAPLE FOOD CROPS; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; MINERAL-CONTENT; SOIL ZINC; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; DEFICIENCY; RESISTANCE; EFFICIENCY AB Micronutrients are essential elements needed in small amounts for adequate human nutrition and include the elements iron and zinc. Both of these minerals are essential to human well-being and an adequate supply of iron and zinc help to prevent iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency, two prevalent health concerns of the developing world. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of seed iron and zinc accumulation in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of common beans from a cross of low x high mineral genotypes (DOR364 x G19833) using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach. The population was grown over two trial sites and two analytical methods (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) were used to determine iron and zinc concentration in the seed harvested from these trials. The variability in seed mineral concentration among the lines was larger for iron (40.0-84.6 ppm) than for zinc (17.7-42.4 ppm) with significant correlations between trials, between methods and between minerals (up to r = 0.715). A total of 26 QTL were identified for the mineral x trial x method combinations of which half were for iron concentration and half for zinc concentration. Many of the QTL (11) for both iron (5) and zinc (6) clustered on the upper half of linkage group B11, explaining up to 47.9% of phenotypic variance, suggesting an important locus useful for marker assisted selection. Other QTL were identified on linkage groups B3, B6, B7, and B9 for zinc and B4, B6, B7, and B8 for iron. The relevance of these results for breeding common beans is discussed especially in light of crop improvement for micronutrient concentration as part of a biofortification program. C1 [Blair, M. W.; Astudillo, C.; Beebe, S. E.] CIAT Int Ctr Trop Agr, Biotechnol Unit, Miami, FL 33126 USA. [Blair, M. W.; Astudillo, C.; Beebe, S. E.] CIAT Int Ctr Trop Agr, Bean Project, Miami, FL 33126 USA. [Blair, M. W.] CIAT Int Ctr Trop Agr, Biotechnol Unit, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Blair, M. W.] CIAT Int Ctr Trop Agr, Bean Project, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Grusak, M. A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Graham, R.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Plant Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Blair, M (reprint author), CIAT Int Ctr Trop Agr, Biotechnol Unit, 1380 NW 78th Ave, Miami, FL 33126 USA. EM m.blair@cgiar.org FU CIAT; USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003] FX We are grateful to Octavio Mosquera in the CIAT analytical lab for help with AAS analysis, as well as Teresa Fowles at Waite lab and David Dworak at Baylor College of Medicine for help with ICP analysis. This work was funded in part by CIAT core funds, subprojects of Harvest Plus to MWB, SB and MAG, as well as funds from USDA-ARS under Agreement No. 58-6250-6-003 to MAG. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CIAT or the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9225-z PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 389WP UT WOS:000262125600002 ER PT J AU Saito, M Vrinten, P Ishikawa, G Graybosch, R Nakamura, T AF Saito, Mika Vrinten, Patricia Ishikawa, Goro Graybosch, Robert Nakamura, Toshiki TI A novel codominant marker for selection of the null Wx-B1 allele in wheat breeding programs SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Wx-B1; Wheat; Codominant marker; Breeding ID COMMON WHEAT; QUALITY; GENES; LOCUS AB Waxy protein (granule-bound starch synthase I) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of amylose in endosperm tissue. The amylose content of wheat flour plays a significant role in determining Japanese udon noodle quality. Most wheat cultivars suitable for producing udon noodles have a low amylose level due to a lack of Wx-B1 protein conditioned by null Wx-B1 alleles. It was previously determined that the entire coding region of the wheat Wx-B1 gene is deleted in the most common null allele. However, the extent and breakpoints of the deletion have not been established. In this study, the position of the 3' deletion breakpoint was refined by mapping with PCR-based markers. Using information from this analysis, a chromosome walk was initiated and the DNA sequence flanking the deletion breakpoints was obtained. The deletion included a 3,872 bp region downstream from the termination codon of Wx-B1 gene. Based on similarity with T. monococcum sequences, it was estimated that approximately 60 kb upstream of the Wx-B1 gene was also deleted. Using this sequence information, a codominant marker for the identification of the Wx-B1 null allele was developed. This marker can unambiguously identify heterozygous plants, which will accelerate the selection of partial waxy mutants carrying the Wx-B1 null allele. C1 [Saito, Mika; Ishikawa, Goro; Nakamura, Toshiki] Tohoku Natl Agr Res Ctr, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. [Saito, Mika] Nippon Flour Mills Co Ltd, Cent Lab, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430041, Japan. [Vrinten, Patricia] Bioriginal Food & Sci Corp, Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada. [Graybosch, Robert] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Nakamura, T (reprint author), Tohoku Natl Agr Res Ctr, 4 Akahira, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. EM tnaka@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [FBW-1203] FX We thank the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Genebank ( Tsukuba, Japan) for providing wheat seeds. This work was partially supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan ( Genomics for Agricultural Innovation, FBW-1203). NR 16 TC 19 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9226-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 389WP UT WOS:000262125600003 ER PT J AU Sun, XC Bai, GH Carver, B AF Sun, Xiaochun Bai, Guihua Carver, Brett F. TI Molecular markers for wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr41 SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Lr39; Near-isogenic lines; Triticum aestivum; Puccinia triticina ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; MAP; LR21; LR39 AB Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important foliar disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Pyramiding several major rust-resistance genes into one adapted cultivar is one strategy for obtaining more durable resistance. Molecular markers linked to these genes are essential tools for gene pyramiding. The rust-resistance gene Lr41 from T. tauschii has been introgressed into chromosome 2D of several wheat cultivars that are currently under commercial production. To discover molecular markers closely linked to Lr41, a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of the hard winter wheat cultivar Century were developed through backcrossing. A population of 95 BC(3)F(2:6) NILs were evaluated for leaf rust resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages and analyzed with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using bulked segregant analysis. Four markers closely linked to Lr41 were identified on chromosome 2DS; the closest marker, Xbarc124, was about 1 cM from Lr41. Physical mapping using Chinese Spring nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic genetic stocks confirmed that markers linked to Lr41 were on chromosome arm 2DS. Marker analysis in a diverse set of wheat germplasm indicated that primers BARC124, GWM210, and GDM35 amplified polymorphic bands between most resistant and susceptible accessions and can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. C1 [Sun, Xiaochun; Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Xiaochun/J-8596-2014 OI Sun, Xiaochun/0000-0001-5395-2580 FU National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, USA [08-354-J] FX Nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic genetic stocks were provided by the Wheat Genetics and Genomics Resources Center of Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. This project was partly funded by the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. This is contribution No. 08-354-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9237-8 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 389WP UT WOS:000262125600012 ER PT J AU Bachlava, E Dewey, R Burton, J Cardinal, AJ AF Bachlava, Eleni Dewey, Ralph E. Burton, Joseph W. Cardinal, Andrea J. TI Mapping candidate genes for oleate biosynthesis and their association with unsaturated fatty acid seed content in soybean SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Soybean; Oleate biosynthesis; QTL mapping; Fatty acid content ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE MAP; DESATURASE; CHOLINEPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; POPULATIONS; COTYLEDONS; MARKERS; WEIGHT; MUTANT; OIL AB The development of high-oleate soybean germplasm is hindered by the lack of knowledge of the genetic factors controlling oleate phenotypic variation. In the present study, several candidate genes implicated in oleate biosynthesis were mapped and their cosegregation with oleate, linoleate and linolenate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was investigated. FAD2-2C, a previously described omega-6 desaturase isoform, was localized on linkage group E; whereas, a novel FAD2-2 isoform, designated as FAD2-2D, mapped on linkage group N. In addition, two isoforms were identified for the aminoalcoholphosphotransferase-encoding GmAAPT1 gene, denoted AAPT1a and AAPT1b. A database query suggested that only one functional copy of the FAD6 gene, encoding a plastid localized omega-6 desaturase, exists in the soybean genome. AAPT1a and FAD6 mapped on linkage group D1b, 23.40 cM apart. Linolenate QTLs with minor effects were identified near the FAD6 and AAPT1a markers in two segregating populations. C1 [Bachlava, Eleni; Dewey, Ralph E.; Burton, Joseph W.; Cardinal, Andrea J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.] ARS, USDA, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bachlava@uga.edu; andrea_cardinal@ncsu.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative, Plant Genome Program [2003-35300-13190]; United Soybean Board FX The authors would like to thank William Novitzky at the USDA Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Raleigh, NC, USA for providing training and equipment for the fatty acid analysis, as well as Carol Griffin for her technical expertise. This project was funded by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative, Plant Genome Program ( award number 2003-35300-13190), and by the United Soybean Board. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9246-7 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 389WP UT WOS:000262125600015 ER PT J AU Skokowa, J Lan, D Thakur, BK Wang, F Gupta, K Cario, G Brechlin, AM Schambach, A Hinrichsen, L Meyer, G Gaestel, M Stanulla, M Tong, Q Welte, K AF Skokowa, Julia Lan, Dan Thakur, Basant Kumar Wang, Fei Gupta, Kshama Cario, Gunnar Brechlin, Annette Mueller Schambach, Axel Hinrichsen, Lars Meyer, Gustav Gaestel, Matthias Stanulla, Martin Tong, Qiang Welte, Karl TI NAMPT is essential for the G-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation via a NAD(+)-sirtuin-1-dependent pathway SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COLONY-ENHANCING FACTOR; SEVERE CONGENITAL NEUTROPENIA; NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; AXONAL DEGENERATION; NAD BIOSYNTHESIS; CYCLIC NEUTROPENIA; STIMULATING FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; C/EBP-BETA; SIRT1 AB We identified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also known as pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), as an essential enzyme mediating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-triggered granulopoiesis in healthy individuals and in individuals with severe congenital neutropenia. Intracellular NAMPT and NAD+ amounts in myeloid cells, as well as plasma NAMPT and NAD+ levels, were increased by G-CSF treatment of both healthy volunteers and individuals with congenital neutropenia. NAMPT administered both extracellularly and intracellularly induced granulocytic differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells and of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Treatment of healthy individuals with high doses of vitamin B3 ( nicotinamide), a substrate of NAMPT, induced neutrophilic granulocyte differentiation. The molecular events triggered by NAMPT include NAD(+)-dependent sirtuin-1 activation, subsequent induction of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta, and, ultimately, upregulation of G-CSF synthesis and G-CSF receptor expression. G-CSF, in turn, further increases NAMPT levels. These results reveal a decisive role of the NAD+ metabolic pathway in G-CSF-triggered myelopoiesis. C1 [Skokowa, Julia; Lan, Dan; Thakur, Basant Kumar; Gupta, Kshama; Brechlin, Annette Mueller; Hinrichsen, Lars; Stanulla, Martin; Welte, Karl] Hannover Med Sch, Dept Mol Hematopoiesis, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. [Wang, Fei; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cario, Gunnar; Stanulla, Martin] Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Dept Pediat, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Meyer, Gustav; Gaestel, Matthias] Hannover Med Sch, Dept Biochem, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. [Schambach, Axel] Hannover Med Sch, Dept Expt Hematol, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. RP Skokowa, J (reprint author), Hannover Med Sch, Dept Mol Hematopoiesis, Carl Neuberg Str 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. EM skokowa.julia@mh-hannover.de; Welte.Karl.H@mh-hannover.de RI Wang, Fei/F-8015-2010; Stanulla, Martin/D-2528-2010; Cario, Gunnar/D-2535-2010; Schambach, Axel/C-5491-2011; OI Gaestel, Matthias/0000-0002-4944-4652 FU Elternverein Krebskranker Kinder Hannover e. V.; MadeleineSchickedanz- Kinderkrebsstiftung; Deutsche Jose Carreras Leukamia Stiftung e. V; REBIRTH Excellence Cluster; Else Kroner Foundation; American Federation for Aging Research senior postdoctoral fellowship; US Department of Agriculture; National Institutes of Health FX We thank M. Uenalan for helpful discussion, M. Morgan for critically reading the manuscript and M. Ballmaier and C. Reimer for assistance in cell sorting. We also thank C. Zeidler and the physicians within the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry for providing subject material ( bone marrow cells, peripheral blood neutrophils and plasma). Special thanks to study subjects and colleagues, especially M. Schatz, for their great cooperation. This work was supported by Elternverein Krebskranker Kinder Hannover e. V., MadeleineSchickedanz- Kinderkrebsstiftung, Deutsche Jose Carreras Leukamia Stiftung e. V., REBIRTH Excellence Cluster ( A. S.), Else Kroner Foundation ( A. S.), an American Federation for Aging Research senior postdoctoral fellowship ( F. W.) and the US Department of Agriculture and National Institutes of Health ( Q. T.). NR 42 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1038/nm.1913 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 403ZB UT WOS:000263119400017 PM 19182797 ER PT J AU Hudy, M Shiflet, J AF Hudy, Mark Shiflet, Jeremy TI Movement and Recolonization of Potomac Sculpin in a Virginia Stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SUMMER MOVEMENTS; HOME RANGE; FISH; POPULATIONS; COTTIDAE; PARADIGM; HABITAT; PISCES; POOLS AB Movement patterns of benthic fishes have not been widely studied, but an understanding of those movement patterns may be necessary in assessing the full effects of habitat fragmentation and the need to restore connectivity in fragmented watersheds. We evaluated nonspawning movement of 3,353 marked Potomac sculpin Cottus girardi over a 1-year period on a 3.14-km segment of a third-order stream. In addition, we conducted a fish removal experiment at the pool-riffle sequence scale (90 m) to evaluate the effects of fish density on movement and recolonization rates. The majority of recaptured Potomac sculpin stayed within 30 m of their original capture location throughout the study (81% at 30 d; 64% at 75 d; 53% at 363 d). Upstream (US) movement was greater than downstream (DS) movement at 30 d (US 17%; DS 3%), 75 d (US 30%, DS 6%) and 363 d (US 32%, DS 15%). After 75 d, 10% of the fish that moved upstream moved more than 250 m (21% after 363 d). The maximum distance moved was 1,711 m in 75 d. There were no significant differences in mean total length between recaptured Potomac sculpin that either moved or did not move or between upstream and downstream movers. The presence or absence of fishes in adjacent 30-m habitat sections influenced upstream, but not downstream, movement of Potomac sculpin. After 30 d, Potomac sculpin population densities and size structure were similar between fish removal and reference sections. We found our results to be similar to those of other studies, which found that, on average. freshwater sculpin are sedentary. However, we identified great dispersal capabilities (>250 m) for a small percentage of Potomac sculpin. The long dispersal distances suggest that this typically sedentary species may need greater habitat connectivity than previously assumed. C1 [Hudy, Mark; Shiflet, Jeremy] James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Hudy, M (reprint author), James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Mail Stop Code 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM hudymx@csm.jmu.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1577/M07-101.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FV UT WOS:000268505000021 ER PT J AU Yang, IC Delwiche, SR Chen, S Lo, YM AF Yang, I-Chang Delwiche, Stephen R. Chen, Suming Lo, Y. Martin TI Enhancement of Fusarium head blight detection in free-falling wheat kernels using a bichromatic pulsed LED design SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight; deoxynivalenol; wheat kernel; optical sorting; mold damage ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; MACHINE VISION; DAMAGED WHEAT; SCAB; DEOXYNIVALENOL; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; VOMITOXIN AB Fusarium head blight is a worldwide fungal disease of small cereal grains such as wheat that affects the yield, quality, and safety of food and feed products. The current study was implemented to develop more efficient methods for optically detecting Fusarium-damaged (scabby) kernels from normal (sound) wheat kernels. Through development of a high-power pulsed LED (green and red) inspection system, it was found that Fusarium-damaged and normal wheat kernels have different reflected energy responses. Two parameters (slope and r(2)) from a regression analysis of the green and red responses were used as input parameters in linear discriminant analysis models. The examined factors affecting accuracy were the orientation of the optical probe, the color contrast between normal and Fusarium-damaged kernels, and the manner in which one LED's response is time-matched to the other LED. Whereas commercial high-speed optical sorters are, on average, 50% efficient at removing mold-damaged kernels, this efficiency can rise to 95% or better under more carefully controlled, kernel-at-rest conditions in the laboratory. The current research on free-falling kernels has demonstrated accuracies (>90% for wheat samples of high visual contrast) that approach those of controlled conditions, which will lead to improvements in high-speed optical sorters. (c) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3081092] C1 [Yang, I-Chang; Chen, Suming] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Delwiche, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lo, Y. Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yang, IC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, 1,Sect 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM stephen.delwiche@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 AR 023602 DI 10.1117/1.3081092 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 417YN UT WOS:000264114500007 ER PT J AU Liu, YJ Ordovas, JM Gao, GM Province, M Straka, RJ Tsai, MY Lai, CQ Zhang, K Borecki, I Hixson, JE Allison, DB Arnett, DK AF Liu, Yongjun Ordovas, Jose M. Gao, Guimin Province, Michael Straka, Robert J. Tsai, Michael Y. Lai, Chao-Qiang Zhang, Kui Borecki, Ingrid Hixson, James E. Allison, David B. Arnett, Donna K. TI Pharmacogenetic association of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and lipid responses to fenofibrate: the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study SO PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins gene cluster; fenofibrate; hypertriglyceridemia; pharmacogenetics ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; FREQUENCY ESTIMATION; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE; VARIANTS; LINKAGE; POLYMORPHISM; CHOLESTEROL; PREDICTION; PROMOTER AB Background The apolipoproteins (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) are key components in modulating lipoprotein metabolism. It is unknown whether variants at the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster are associated with lipid response to pharmacologic intervention. Methods and results Plasma triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured in 861 Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study participants who underwent a 3-week fenofibrate trial. We examined 18 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 genes to investigate the effects of variants at the gene cluster on lipid response to fenofibrate treatment We found that the minor alleles of the SNPs rs3135506 (APOA5_S19W), rs5104 (APOA4_N147S), rs4520 (APOC3_G34G), and rs5128 (APOC3_3U386) were associated with enhanced TG response to fenofibrate treatment (P = 0.0004-0.018). The minor allele of SNP rs2854117 (APOC3_M482) was associated with reduced rather than enhanced TG response (P = 0.026). The SNP rs3135506 (APOA5_S19W) was associated with HDL response, with minor allele related to reduced HDL response to fenofibrate (P = 0.002). Association analyses on haplotype provided corroborative evidence to single SNP association analyses. The common haplotypes H2, H3, and H5 were significantly associated with reduced TG response to fenofibrate. Conclusion The genetic variants at APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster may be useful markers to predict response of lipid-lowering therapy with fenofibrate. Further studies to replicate/confirm our findings are warranted. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 19:161-169 (c) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Liu, Yongjun; Gao, Guimin; Zhang, Kui; Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Province, Michael; Borecki, Ingrid] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. RP Arnett, DK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 220E Ryals Publ Hlth Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd,RPHB 220, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM arnett@uab.edu OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U 01 NIH72524]; NIH [3P30DK056336, R01GM74913, R01GM073766] FX The authors thank the families for their participation In this research. This study was supported by NIH Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant U 01 111,72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides. They acknowledge Abbott 1,Laboratories (Abbott Park, Illinois, I USA) for their supply of study medication for this project. Or David B. Allison is supported by NIH Grant 3P30DK056336. Dr Kui Zhang is supported by NIH Grant R01GM74913. Dr Guimin Gao is supported by NIH Grant R01GM073766. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1744-6872 J9 PHARMACOGENET GENOM JI Pharmacogenet. Genomics PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32831e030e PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 406VO UT WOS:000263323200009 PM 19057464 ER PT J AU Hamilton, RM Foster, RE Gibb, TJ Johannsen, CJ Santini, JB AF Hamilton, Randy M. Foster, Rick E. Gibb, Timothy J. Johannsen, Christian J. Santini, Judith B. TI Pre-visible Detection of Grub Feeding in Turfgrass using Remote Sensing SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS; PLANT STRESS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; DROUGHT STRESS; WATER-CONTENT; MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETRY; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; LEAF REFLECTANCE AB Japanese beetle grubs (Popillia japonica Newman) are root-feeding pests of turfgrass in the Midwest and eastern United States causing millions of dollars of damage annually. To reduce unnecessary pesticide output by applying only where needed, turfgrass managers need a practical, noninvasive method to locate patchy infestations before unsightly damage has occurred. Spectrometer data and multispectral aerial imagery were evaluated for detecting pre-visible symptoms of grub damage in turfgrass, to facilitate site-specific grub management. Using spectrometer reflectance data, first derivatives of reflectance, narrow-band vegetation indices, and linear combinations of multiple bands/indices, infested tur/grass plots were distinguished from un-infested plots 10 to16 days before visual differences appeared in the year when visual ratings were conducted. Pre-visible symptoms of grub feeding were not detected using the position of the red edge or edge of the red edge. Results using multispectral imagery were mixed, with early symptoms detected in only one of two years. C1 [Hamilton, Randy M.] US Forest Serv, RedCastle Resources Inc, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Hamilton, Randy M.; Foster, Rick E.; Gibb, Timothy J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Johannsen, Christian J.; Santini, Judith B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hamilton, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, RedCastle Resources Inc, USDA, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 W,2300 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM randyhamilton@fs.fed.us FU Purdue Research Foundation; [2005-17708] FX Funding for this research was provided in part by a Purdue Research Foundation competitive research grant. We thank Larry Biehl for his technical expertise and assistance with the collection and processing of the spectrometer data. We also express appreciation to Dr. Cliff Sadof and Dr. Doug Richmond, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and providing constructive comments and recommendations (Purdue University ARP manuscript number: 2005-17708). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 75 IS 2 BP 179 EP 192 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 400CJ UT WOS:000262845300012 ER PT J AU Li, WB Levy, L Hartung, JS AF Li, Wenbin Levy, Laurene Hartung, John S. TI Quantitative Distribution of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in Citrus Plants with Citrus Huanglongbing SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; SAO-PAULO STATE; GREENING DISEASE; AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM; PATHOGEN; ORGANISM; PSYLLIDS; BRAZIL AB Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), or greening disease, is strongly associated with any of three nonculturable gram-negative bacteria belonging to 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' 'Ca. Liberibacter spp.' are transmitted by citrus psyllids to all commercial cultivars of citrus. The diseases can be lethal to citrus and have recently become widespread in both Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Florida, United States, the locations of the largest citrus industries in the world. Asiatic HLB, the form of the disease found in Florida, is associated with 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' and is the subject of this report. The nonculturable nature of the pathogen has hampered research and little is known about the distribution of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in infected trees. In this study, we have used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to systematically quantify the distribution of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genomes in tissues of six species of citrus either identified in the field during survey efforts in Florida or propagated in a greenhouse in Beltsville, MD. The populations of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' inferred from the distribution of 16S rDNA sequences specific for 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in leaf midribs, leaf blades, and bark samples varied by a factor of 1,000 among samples prepared from the six citrus species tested and by a factor of 100 between two sweet orange trees tested. In naturally infected trees, above-ground portions of the tree averaged 1010 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genomes per gram of tissue. Similar levels of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genomes were observed in some but not all root samples from the same plants. In samples taken from greenhouse-inoculated trees, levels of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genomes varied systematically from 104 genomes/g at the graft inoculation site to 1010 genomes/g in some leaf petioles. Root samples from these trees also contained 'Ca. L. asiaticus' at 107 genomes/g. In symptomatic fruit tissues, 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genomes were also readily detected and quantified. The highest levels of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in fruit tissues were found in the locular membranes and septa (10(8) genomes/g), with 100-fold lower levels of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in the meso and pericarp of such fruit. Our results demonstrate both the ubiquitous presence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in symptomatic citrus trees as well as great variation between individual trees and among samples of different tissues from the same trees. Our methods will be useful in both the management and scientific study of citrus HLB, also known as citrus greening disease. C1 [Hartung, John S.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Wenbin; Levy, Laurene] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.hartung@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [71681-V7R01]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service [127522000-251-00D] FX The research was supported as part of the project 71681-V7R01 financed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service PPQ-CPHST and by project 127522000-251-00D of USDA-Agricultural Research Service. We thank personnel in the Department of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL and the APHIS-PPQ-CHRP in Florida for providing plant materials, and C. Paul for technical and graphical assistance. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-2-0139 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398HQ UT WOS:000262723600002 PM 19159305 ER PT J AU McClean, AE Kluepfel, DA AF McClean, Ali E. Kluepfel, Daniel A. TI Genetic Loci Involved in Rubrifacine Production in the Walnut Pathogen Brenneria rubrifaciens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep bark canker; transposon ID NONRIBOSOMAL PEPTIDE SYNTHETASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIAL COMMUNICATION; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; VIRULENCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PSEUDOMONAS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE AB Brenneria rubrifaciens produces a unique red pigment known as rubrifacine that has been hypothesized to play a role in pathogenesis on walnut. Analysis of DNA flanking the Tn5 insertion site in 20 rubrifacine minus (pig(-)) mutants identified three regions required for rubrifacine production. The first region was homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), the second was homologous to autoinducer synthase genes (expI homologs), and the third region was homologous to the slyA gene of Candidatus blochmania and Escherichia coli. Pigment production was not necessary for elicitation of the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco and had little impact on virulence in tissue-cultured walnut plants. The expI-interrupted mutants exhibited reduced virulence on walnut and were HR negative on tobacco. Pigment production was restored in Br-212 when grown in the presence of wild-type B. rubrifaciens, E. coli carrying the cloned expI-like gene, or introduction of the cloned wild-type copy of the expI-like gene. Two Brenneria spp., B. nigrifluens and B. salicis, also restored pigment production in Br-212. These results demonstrate that rubrifacine production and virulence of B. rubrifaciens on walnut are under the control of a quorum-sensing system and are sensitive to signal molecules from other Brenneria spp. C1 [McClean, Ali E.; Kluepfel, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 259 Hutchison Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Daniel.Kluepfel@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5306-22000-014-00D]; California Walnut Board FX We thank E. Gonzalez for assistance in preparing complemented mutant Br-212C; C. Leslie and S. Hirbod for generating and providing cv. Hartley tissue-cultured walnut plants; and G. Bruening, P. Feldstein, and E. Gonzalez for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 5306-22000-014-00D and a grant from the California Walnut Board. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-2-0145 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398HQ UT WOS:000262723600003 PM 19159306 ER PT J AU Gamliel-Atinsky, E Freeman, S Sztejnberg, A Maymon, M Ochoa, R Belausov, E Palevsky, E AF Gamliel-Atinsky, E. Freeman, S. Sztejnberg, A. Maymon, M. Ochoa, R. Belausov, E. Palevsky, E. TI Interaction of the Mite Aceria mangiferae with Fusarium mangiferae, the Causal Agent of Mango Malformation Disease SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eriophyidae; mite-fungal interactions ID BUD MITE; ACARI; TENUIPALPIDAE; SUBGLUTINANS; ERIOPHYOIDEA; ETIOLOGY; PCR AB The role of the mango bud mite, Aceria mangiferae, in carrying conidia of Fusarium mangiferae, vectoring them into potential infection sites, and assisting fungal infection and dissemination was studied. Following the mite's exposure to a green fluorescent protein-marked isolate, conidia were observed clinging to the mite's body. Agar plugs bearing either bud mites or the pathogen were placed on leaves near the apical buds of potted mango plants. Conidia were found in bud bracts only when both mites and conidia were co-inoculated on the plant, demonstrating that the mite vectored the conidia into the apical bud. Potted mango plants were inoculated with conidia in the presence or absence of mites. Frequency and severity of infected buds were significantly higher in the presence of mites, revealing their significant role in the fungal infection process. Conidia and mite presence were monitored with traps in a diseased orchard over a 2-year period. No windborne bud mites bearing conidia were found; however, high numbers of windborne conidia were detected in the traps. These results suggest that A. mangiferae can carry and vector conidia between buds and assist in fungal penetration but does not play a role in the aerial dissemination of conidia between trees. C1 [Gamliel-Atinsky, E.; Freeman, S.; Maymon, M.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Gamliel-Atinsky, E.; Sztejnberg, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Ochoa, R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Palevsky, E.] ARO, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. RP Freeman, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM freeman@volcani.agri.gov.il RI Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011 FU Israeli Ministry of Agriculture [132-0972]; U.S. Agency for International Development [TA-MOU-02-M21-030] FX This research was supported in part by grant no. 132-0972 from the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture, and by the Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of the Middle East Regional Cooperation Program Award No. TA-MOU-02-M21-030, awarded to S. Freeman. We thank H. Voet (Hebrew University) for advice in the statistical analyses; J. Pena (University of Florida) and E. Erbe and C. Pooley (EMU-ARS, United States Department of Agriculture [USDA]) for their assistance in the collection and preparation of the material and SEM images; E. McDonald, G. Millerand, N. Vandenberg (USDA), U. Gerson (Hebrew University), D. Shtienberg (ARO), and J. Amrine (West Virginia University) for their critical reviews of this manuscript; and A. Zveibel, Y. Denisov, and M. Sharon (ARO) for technical assistance. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-2-0152 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398HQ UT WOS:000262723600004 PM 19159307 ER PT J AU Halvorson, JJ Smith, JL AF Halvorson, Jonathan J. Smith, Jeffrey L. TI Carbon and nitrogen accumulation and microbial activity in Mount St. Helens pyroclastic substrates after 25 years SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem engineer; Lupines; Soil organic matter; Mount St. Helens; Primary succession ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; EARLY PRIMARY SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; GLACIER FOREFRONT; LUPINUS-ARBOREUS; BIOMASS; COMMUNITIES; GLOMALIN AB Lupines (Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii) are important integrators of above and belowground development of Mount St. Helens (1980) pyroclastic substrates because they increase soil organic matter formation and microbial activity and influence other biotic processes. However, basic information is required to understand the unfolding pattern of soil development and to corroborate evidence for increasing rates of organic matter accumulation suggested by earlier work. Soil properties were measured in bare pyroclastic sites without lupines or other plants, under live and under dead L. lepidus. In 2005, pyroclastic substrates had low cation exchange capacity but appeared able to supply sufficient P for plant growth. Soil under live and dead lupines contained higher concentrations of soluble and total C and N, larger, more active microbial communities, more Bradford reactive soil protein and enzymes, and had higher mineralization potentials than bare soil. Comparatively, lupine soil was less dense and had lower C to N ratios and relative respiration rates. Soil microbial biomass-C, determined by substrate-induced respiration, had not increased under lupines since 1990, and was indistinguishable from hot water soluble-C, suggesting microorganisms were a predominant pool of labile-C in these developing soils. Evidence for an important soil glycoprotein, glomalin, in these pyroclastic substrates suggests it can form early during soil development. Concentrations of total C and N under lupines have risen to nearly 4 and 0.4 g kg(-1) respectively since the 1980 eruption, but 2005 data indicate little change since 1997 and imply inputs from lupines into soil are in equilibrium with losses. C1 [Halvorson, Jonathan J.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Halvorson, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jonathan.Halvorson@ars.usda.gov RI yang, lixia/D-7815-2011 NR 113 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2009 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9745-7 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 404TB UT WOS:000263174800017 ER PT J AU Apostol, KG Jacobs, DF Dumroese, RK AF Apostol, Kent G. Jacobs, Douglass F. Dumroese, R. Kasten TI Root desiccation and drought stress responses of bareroot Quercus rubra seedlings treated with a hydrophilic polymer root dip SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Desiccation; Electrolyte leakage; Gas exchange; Hydrogel; Moisture content; Northern red oak; Stem water potential ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; GAS-EXCHANGE; SITKA SPRUCE; ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE; FIELD PERFORMANCE; CITRUS SEEDLINGS; PLANTING STRESS; WATER RELATIONS; OAK SEEDLINGS AB Root hydrogel, a hydrophilic polymer, has been used to improve transplanting success of bare-root conifer seedlings through effects on water holding capacity. We examined mechanisms by which Terra-sorb (R) Fine Hydrogel reduces damage that occurs when roots of 1-year old, dormant northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were subjected to short-term (1, 3, and 5 h) pre-transplanting desiccation and long-term (45 days) drought stress following transplanting in a controlled environment chamber or greenhouse conditions. Hydrogel-treated seedlings had 80% greater root moisture content than non-root dipped control seedlings following the pre-transplanting desiccation period. Hydrogel reduced root membrane leakiness by 31% 5 h after the desiccation exposure. Hydrogel-treated seedlings did not show greater differences in shoot length, plant dry mass, root volume, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance compared with control seedlings following the 45-day drought stress exposure. A reduction in mean number of days to bud break in hydrogel-treated seedlings, combined with delayed tissue moisture loss (linked to higher stem water potential), suggests that hydrogel may have provided stress protection to aid survival under short-term desiccation, which may be beneficial toward alleviating initial transplanting stress. C1 [Apostol, Kent G.; Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Jacobs, DF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM djacobs@purdue.edu NR 61 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2009 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9746-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 404TB UT WOS:000263174800018 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD AF Graybosch, R. A. Baltensperger, D. D. TI Evaluation of the waxy endosperm trait in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Panicum miliaceum; proso millet; starch; amylose; amylopectin; waxy; inheritance; granule-bound starch synthase ID BOUND-STARCH-SYNTHASE; GRANULE; CULTIVARS; AMYLOSE; PROTEIN AB The entire USDA-ARS maintained collection of 650 accessions of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was evaluated for the presence of accessions with waxy (amylose-free) endosperm starch. Six accessions, five of which derived from mainland China, were identified. Segregation ratios for waxy endosperm were evaluated in F(2) and F(3) populations derived from crosses between two waxy accessions, PI 436625 (Lung Shu 16) and PI 436626 (Lung Shu 18), and several wild-type accessions. The waxy trait was found to be under the control of duplicate recessive alleles at two loci, herein designated wx-1 and wx-2. Wild-type alleles at these loci were designated Wx-1 and Wx-2. Iodine-binding revealed a mean grain-starch amylose concentration of 3.5% in waxy lines and 25.3% in wild-type proso. Expression of the granule-bound starch synthase (waxy protein) in waxy lines was reduced to approximately one-tenth that of wild-type accessions. The waxy accessions identified now are available for the introgression of this trait into breeding lines adapted to the Great Plains of North America. C1 [Graybosch, R. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Bob.Graybosch@ARS.USDA.Gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01511.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 399WS UT WOS:000262830600008 ER PT J AU Lee, JD Shannon, JG So, YS Sleper, DA Nelson, RL Lee, JH Choung, MG AF Lee, J. -D. Shannon, J. G. So, Y. -S. Sleper, D. A. Nelson, R. L. Lee, J. -H. Choung, M. -G. TI Environmental effects on lutein content and relationship of lutein and other seed components in soybean SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; human health; lutein; genotype x environment; seed oil; soybean; soybean breeding ID MACULAR PIGMENT; BETA-CAROTENE; ZEAXANTHIN; PLANTS AB Lutein is a major carotenoid in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, and has been shown to be beneficial for eye health in humans. Development of soybeans high in lutein is a goal of some breeding programmes. Little is known about how different growing environments affect lutein content. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of lutein and its relationship to seed protein, oil and individual fatty acids in soybean seed. Fifteen soybean genotypes were planted at four environments. There was no effect of year and planting date on lutein content in soybean seed. However, genotype x year, genotype x planting date and genotype x year x planting date were significant for lutein content. Although each genotype showed similar response across environments, lutein content varied significantly across the four growing environments in 14 of the 15 genotypes evaluated. Lutein content was not correlated with seed protein or oil and palmitic or stearic acid concentrations. However, lutein was positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic and linolenic acids content. C1 [Choung, M. -G.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Herbal Med Resource, Samcheok 245711, South Korea. [So, Y. -S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sleper, D. A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Life Sci Ctr 271 F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nelson, R. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, J. -H.] NAKDONG River Basin Environm, Dept Monitoring & Anal, Minist Environm, Chang Won 641722, South Korea. [Lee, J. -D.; Shannon, J. G.] Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Nelson, R. L.] Univ Illinois, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Choung, MG (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Herbal Med Resource, Samcheok 245711, South Korea. EM cmg7004@kangwon.ac.kr NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 128 IS 1 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01547.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 399WS UT WOS:000262830600013 ER PT J AU Kovalchuk, I Lyudvikova, Y Volgina, M Reed, BM AF Kovalchuk, Irina Lyudvikova, Yelena Volgina, Mariam Reed, Barbara M. TI Medium, container and genotype all influence in vitro cold storage of apple germplasm SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE In vitro storage; Malus domestica; Malus sieversii; Micropropagation; Germplasm storage ID SLOW-GROWTH; INVITRO; SURVIVAL; SHOOTS AB The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro storage of apple germplasm by screening a range of genotypes followed by more comprehensive testing of multiple parameters on two genotypes of differing species, Malus domestica cultivar Grushovka Vernenskaya and wild Malus sieversii selection TM-6. Stored plants were rated on a 6 point scale (0 low to 5 high) for plant appearance at 3 month intervals after storage at 4A degrees C. Combinations of carbon source (sucrose and/or mannitol), nitrate nitrogen content (25, 50 or 100%) and plant growth regulators (ABA, BAP, IBA) were studied in three types of containers (tissue culture bags, test tubes or jars). An initial screen of 16 genotypes stored in tissue culture bags indicated that plantlets could be stored at 4A degrees C for 9-14 months without subculture on standard 3% sucrose Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium with no plant growth regulators (PGRs). In subsequent in-depth studies on the two genotypes, ANOVA indicated highly significant interactions of medium, container and genotype. 'Grushovka Vernenskaya' shoots with no PGRs and 3% sucrose remained viable (ratings of a parts per thousand yen1) for 21 months of storage in bags. Storage on reduced nitrogen (MS with 25% nitrogen), PGRs, and 3% sucrose kept 'Grushovka Vernenskaya' shoot condition rated > 2 at 21 months. Addition of 0.5 or 1 mg(-1) abscisic acid (ABA) also improved plant ratings at 21 months. The longest storage for 'Grushovka Vernenskaya' was 33-39 months with PGRs and 3% sucrose in either tubes or jars. Addition of abscisic acid (ABA) to the medium did not improve storage of plantlets in jars and tubes at 15 months. TM-6 stored best in tubes on 3% sucrose with PGRs or in jars on 2% mannitol and 2% sucrose. Overall it appears that cold storage of apple shoot cultures can be successful for 21 months in tissue culture bags with 25% MS nitrate nitrogen, 3% sucrose, and no PGRs or for 33 months in jars or tubes on MS with 3% sucrose and PGRs. Preliminary RAPD analysis found no significant differences between plants stored for 39 months and non-stored controls. C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kovalchuk, Irina; Lyudvikova, Yelena; Volgina, Mariam] Natl Biotechnol Ctr, Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Alma Ata 050040, Kazakhstan. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kovalchuk_i_u@mail.ru; Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU International Science and Technology Center [K428]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-033D] FX This research was supported by funds from the International Science and Technology Center Grant K428 and USDA-ARS CRIS project 5358-21000-033D. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s11240-008-9468-8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 389JM UT WOS:000262088700002 ER PT J AU Li, YH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Reed, SM Spiers, JM Rinehart, TA AF Li, Yonghao Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. Reed, Sandra M. Spiers, James M. Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Bright-Field and Fluorescence Microscopic Study of Development of Erysiphe polygoni in Susceptible and Resistant Bigleaf Hydrangea SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION STRUCTURE FORMATION; POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COLONY DEVELOPMENT; CALLOSE SYNTHASE; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Temporal development of Erysiphe polygoni and responses of bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) to the fungal attack were investigated using brig-lit-field and fluorescence microscopy. Conidia germinated 2 h after inoculation (HAI) and formed primary appressoria at the tip of the primary germ tubes within 4 HAI. Secondary germ tubes were initiated from primary appressoria or other parts of conidia 12 HAI. Hyphae developed through elongation of secondary germ tubes, and paired lateral appressoria were formed along hyphae within 2 days after inoculation (DAI). Conidiophores and conidia were formed 5 DAI. In the susceptible cultivar Nikko Blue and the resistant cultivar Veitchii, the fungus established a parasitic relationship, which was indicated by the formation of haustoria under primary appressoria and development of secondary germ tubes at I DAI. A hypersensitive response (HR) and accumulation of callose were detected in both resistant and susceptible cultivars at 3 DAI. Resistance to powdery mildew in Veitchii was evident by manifestation of early accumulation of callose, relatively high percentage of necrotic infected cells, and restricted colony development compared to the susceptible cultivar Nikko Blue. Restricting hyphal Growth and sporulation by early response of callose accumulation and HR are important resistance mechanisms that could be used in screening hydrangeas for resistance to powdery mildew. C1 [Li, Yonghao; Windham, Mark T.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Reed, Sandra M.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Spiers, James M.; Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Hort Res Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Windham, MT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mwindham@utk.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6404-2-0057] FX This study was supported by funding from USDA-ARS (58-6404-2-0057). NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0130 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418YV UT WOS:000264187100002 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Mount, L Mayfield, AE Bates, CA Lamborn, WA Fraedrich, SW AF Smith, J. A. Mount, L. Mayfield, A. E., III Bates, C. A. Lamborn, W. A. Fraedrich, S. W. TI First Report of Laurel Wilt Disease Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Camphor in Florida and Georgia. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT C1 [Smith, J. A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mayfield, A. E., III] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Forestry, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Mount, L.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bates, C. A.] Georgia Forest Commiss, Statesboro, GA 30461 USA. [Fraedrich, S. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 198 EP 198 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0198B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418YV UT WOS:000264187100020 ER PT J AU Stanosz, GR Smith, DR Fraedrich, SW Baird, RE Mangini, A AF Stanosz, G. R. Smith, D. R. Fraedrich, S. W. Baird, R. E. Mangini, A. TI Diplodia pinea, the Cause of Diplodia Blight of Pines, Confirmed in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Fraedrich, S. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Stanosz, G. R.; Smith, D. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baird, R. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mangini, A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. RP Stanosz, GR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 198 EP 199 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0198C PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418YV UT WOS:000264187100021 ER PT J AU Blomquist, CL McKemy, JM Aime, MC Orsburn, RW Kinnee, SA AF Blomquist, C. L. McKemy, J. M. Aime, M. C. Orsburn, R. W. Kinnee, S. A. TI First Report of Bamboo Rust Caused by Kweilingia divina on Bambusa domestica in Los Angeles County, California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Blomquist, C. L.; Kinnee, S. A.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [McKemy, J. M.] USDA APHIS PPQ NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Aime, M. C.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Orsburn, R. W.] Los Angeles Cty Agr Commissioner Weights & Measur, Arcadia, CA 91006 USA. RP Blomquist, CL (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 201 EP 201 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0201A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418YV UT WOS:000264187100027 ER PT J AU Villalobos, W Moreira, L Rivera, C Lee, LM AF Villalobos, W. Moreira, L. Rivera, C. Lee, L-M. TI First Report of New Phytoplasma Diseases Associated with Soybean, Sweet Pepper, and Passion Fruit in Costa Rica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Villalobos, W.; Moreira, L.; Rivera, C.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Biol Celular & Mol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Lee, L-M.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Villalobos, W (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Biol Celular & Mol, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 201 EP 201 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0201C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418YV UT WOS:000264187100029 ER PT J AU Barkley, NA Pinnow, DL Wang, ML Pederson, GA AF Barkley, N. A. Pinnow, D. L. Wang, M. L. Pederson, G. A. TI First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus Infecting African Clover (Trifolium tembense) in Georgia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Barkley, N. A.; Pinnow, D. L.; Wang, M. L.; Pederson, G. A.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Barkley, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 202 EP 203 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0202C PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 418YV UT WOS:000264187100032 ER PT J AU Liu, JP Magalhaes, JV Shaff, J Kochian, LV AF Liu, Jiping Magalhaes, Jurandir V. Shaff, Jon Kochian, Leon V. TI Aluminum-activated citrate and malate transporters from the MATE and ALMT families function independently to confer Arabidopsis aluminum tolerance SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aluminum toxicity; aluminum tolerance; ALMT; multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion; transporter protein; plasma membrane protein; organic acid exudation ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ORGANIC-ACIDS; HIGHER-PLANTS; ROOT APICES; SEED COAT; GENE; MULTIDRUG; EFFLUX; WHEAT AB Aluminum-activated root malate and citrate exudation play an important role in plant Al tolerance. This paper characterizes AtMATE, a homolog of the recently discovered sorghum and barley Al-tolerance genes, shown here to encode an Al-activated citrate transporter in Arabidopsis. Together with the previously characterized Al-activated malate transporter, AtALMT1, this discovery allowed us to examine the relationship in the same species between members of the two gene families for which Al-tolerance genes have been identified. AtMATE is expressed primarily in roots and is induced by Al. An AtMATE T-DNA knockdown line exhibited very low AtMATE expression and Al-activated root citrate exudation was abolished. The AtALMT1 AtMATE double mutant lacked both Al-activated root malate and citrate exudation and showed greater Al sensitivity than the AtALMT1 mutant. Therefore, although AtALMT1 is a major contributor to Arabidopsis Al tolerance, AtMATE also makes a significant but smaller contribution. The expression patterns of AtALMT1 and AtMATE and the profiles of Al-activated root citrate and malate exudation are not affected by the presence or absence of the other gene. These results suggest that AtALMT1-mediated malate exudation and AtMATE-mediated citrate exudation evolved independently to confer Al tolerance in Arabidopsis. However, a link between regulation of expression of the two transporters in response to Al was identified through work on STOP1, a transcription factor that was previously shown to be necessary for AtALMT1 expression. Here we show that STOP1 is also required for AtMATE expression and Al-activated citrate exudation. C1 [Liu, Jiping; Shaff, Jon; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Magalhaes, Jurandir V.] Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, Matto Grosso, Brazil. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Leon.Kochian@ars.usda.gov OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) [2006-35301-16884]; Generation Challenge [I69] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) Competitive Grant number 2006-35301-16884 and Generation Challenge Grant number I69. The authors would like to thank Zhifang Cheng for technical assistance. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines were obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC). NR 37 TC 161 Z9 187 U1 9 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03696.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 397XN UT WOS:000262695800001 PM 18826429 ER PT J AU Leasure, CD Fiume, E Fletcher, JC AF Leasure, Colin D. Fiume, Elisa Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI The essential gene EMB1611 maintains shoot apical meristem function during Arabidopsis development SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shoot apical meristem; stem cell maintenance; embryogenesis; Arabidopsis ID STEM-CELL FATE; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; TOPOLOGY PREDICTION; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; THALIANA; PROTEINS; WUSCHEL; REGULATOR; CLAVATA1; IDENTIFICATION AB The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains hundreds of genes essential for seed development. Because null mutations in these genes cause embryo lethality, their specific molecular and developmental functions are largely unknown. Here, we identify a role for EMB1611/MEE22, an essential gene in Arabidopsis, in shoot apical meristem maintenance. EMB1611 encodes a large, novel protein with N-terminal coiled-coil regions and two putative transmembrane domains. We show that the partial loss-of-function emb1611-2 mutation causes a range of pleiotropic developmental phenotypes, most dramatically a progressive loss of shoot apical meristem function that causes premature meristem termination. emb1611-2 plants display disorganization of the shoot meristem cell layers early in development, and an associated stem cell fate change to an organogenic identity. Genetic and molecular analysis indicates that EMB1611 is required for maintenance of the CLV-WUS stem cell regulatory pathway in the shoot meristem, but also has WUS-independent activity. In addition, emb1611-2 plants have reduced shoot and root growth, and their rosette leaves form trichomes with extra branches, a defect we associate with an increase in endoreduplication. Our data indicate that EMB1611 functions to maintain cells, particularly those in the shoot meristem, roots and developing rosette leaves, in a proliferative or uncommitted state. C1 [Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu OI Fiume, Elisa/0000-0001-6788-0231 FU USDA CRIS [5335-21000-016-00D] FX We thank David Meinke and Karen Osmont for valuable discussions, and Ludmila Tyler, Cristel Carles and Helena Pires for comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge Syngenta and the ABRC for supplying seed stocks and insertion lines. This work was supported by USDA CRIS grant 5335-21000-016-00D. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 579 EP 592 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03708.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 400XC UT WOS:000262901700001 PM 18980659 ER PT J AU Blanvillain, R Kim, JH Wu, SM Lima, A Ow, DW AF Blanvillain, Robert Kim, Jong Heon Wu, Shimei Lima, Amparo Ow, David W. TI OXIDATIVE STRESS 3 is a chromatin-associated factor involved in tolerance to heavy metals and oxidative stress SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; cadmium; diamide; nuclear speckles; OXS3 ID BRASSICA-JUNCEA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; TRANSPORT; CADMIUM; PROTEIN; YEAST; PHYTOREMEDIATION AB A cDNA expression library from Brassica juncea was introduced into the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to select for transformants tolerant to cadmium. Transformants expressing OXIDATIVE STRESS 3 (OXS3) or OXS3-Like cDNA exhibited enhanced tolerance to a range of metals and oxidizing chemicals. OXS3 belongs to a family of proteins that share a highly conserved domain corresponding to a putative N-acetyltransferase or thioltransferase catalytic site. Mutations within this conserved domain abolished the ability of Arabidopsis thaliana OXS3 to enhance stress tolerance in S. pombe, indicating a role in stress tolerance for the presumptive catalytic domain. A stress-sensitive mutant of AtOXS3 and enhanced tolerance of overexpression lines support the role of OXS3 in stress tolerance. The expression of tagged B. juncea and A. thaliana OXS3 proteins in plant cells revealed a subnuclear speckling pattern related to the nucleosome in discrete parts of the chromatin. It is possible that OXS3 might act as a chromatin remodeling factor for the stress response. C1 [Ow, David W.] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dow@berkeley.edu FU US Department of Agriculture; US Department of Energy FX We thank S. Ruzin and D. Schichnes for help with confocal microscopy, C. Carles and R. Thilmony for helpful comments on the manuscript, D. Ehrhardt for pEZS vectors and the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Versailles for the oxs3-1 insertion line. Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture and the US Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 654 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03717.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 400XC UT WOS:000262901700007 PM 18980652 ER PT J AU Ramos, ML Huntley, JJ Maleki, SJ Ozias-Akins, P AF Ramos, M. Laura Huntley, James J. Maleki, Soheila J. Ozias-Akins, Peggy TI Identification and characterization of a hypoallergenic ortholog of Ara h 2.01 SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Peanut allergy; Ara h 2 isoforms; Arachis duranensis; EcoTILLING; Hypoallergenic proteins ID MAJOR PEANUT ALLERGEN; IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; PLANT FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; SWISS-MODEL; PROTEIN; ARA-H-2; IMMUNOTHERAPY; STABILITY AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), can elicit type I allergy becoming the most common cause of fatal food-induced anaphylactic reactions. Strict avoidance is the only effective means of dealing with this allergy. Ara h 2, a peanut seed storage protein, has been identified as the most potent peanut allergen and is recognized by approximately 90% of peanut hypersensitive individuals in the US. Because peanut has limited genetic variation, wild relatives are a good source of genetic diversity. After screening 30 Arachis duranensis accessions by EcoTILLing, we characterized five different missense mutations in ara d 2.01. None of these polymorphisms induced major conformational modifications. Nevertheless, a polymorphism in the immunodominant epitope #7 (S73T) showed a 56-99% reduction in IgE-binding activity and did not affect T cell epitopes, which must be retained for effective immunotherapy. The identification of natural hypoallergenic isoforms positively contributes to future immunological and therapeutic studies and peanut cultivar development. C1 [Ramos, M. Laura; Ozias-Akins, Peggy] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Huntley, James J.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu FU Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research; Georgia Peanut Commission; Peanut Foundation FX This work was supported by the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, The Georgia Peanut Commission, and the Peanut Foundation. We thank Evelyn Morgan, Anne Bell, Hsiaopo Cheng, Ye Chu, and Paola Faustinelli for technical assistance. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s11103-008-9428-z PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 397HE UT WOS:000262652700009 PM 19009240 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Wan, AM Fitt, BDL AF Bock, C. H. Wan, A. M. Fitt, B. D. L. TI Development of Oculimacula yallundae and O-acuformis (eyespot) lesions on stems of winter wheat in relation to thermal time in the UK SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemic development; lesion development; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides; species co-existence; thermal time; Triticum aestivum ID PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; W-TYPE; BENOMYL RESISTANCE; LEAF SHEATHS; BARLEY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEVERITY; CEREALS; DISEASE; CROPS AB Relationships between development of eyespot, caused by Oculimacula yallundae (OY) or O. acuformis (OA) on stems of winter wheat (cv. Avalon), and thermal time (degrees C days after sowing) were investigated in field experiments in 1985/86, 1986/87 and 1987/88 (two experiments). In all experiments, the incidence and severity of stem eyespot (uninoculated plots, OY- and OA-inoculated plots) were linearly related to accumulated thermal time after sowing. There were ca. 600-800 degrees C days from the time of the first sample when eyespot lesions were recorded on stems to the time when maximum eyespot incidence or severity was recorded. Relationships between stem eyespot incidence or severity and thermal time differed between seasons, with more severe eyespot in 1986/87 and 1987/88 than 1985/86. Both the severity and volume of stem lesions were initially greater in OY-inoculated plots than OA-inoculated plots in spring but differences were less by harvest in all seasons. The percentage of plants with stems colonized by OY or OA over all plots (including uninoculated) showed a consistent pattern in 1986/87 and 1987/88 (two experiments), with the percentage colonized by OY greater initially and the percentage colonized by OA gradually increasing with time towards harvest. C1 [Bock, C. H.; Wan, A. M.; Fitt, B. D. L.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Wan, A. M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM cbock@ushrl.ars.usda.gov FU Royal Society; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) FX We thank the Royal Society, the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) for supporting this research, Antony Goulds for experimental data and Alan Todd for comment and advice on the statistical procedures. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01942.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 394XT UT WOS:000262487200002 ER PT J AU Porter, LD Hoheisel, G Coffman, VA AF Porter, L. D. Hoheisel, G. Coffman, V. A. TI Resistance of peas to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the Pisum core collection SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease resistance screening; Pisum sativum; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; white mould ID WASHINGTON AB In this study, 497 pea accessions from the Pisum core collection located at the USDA-ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS), Pullman, WA and seven woody-stem pea lines from a private collection in the UK, were screened for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the cause of white mould. All of the Pisum genotypes screened were susceptible to infection, and 237 of the 504 genotypes were highly susceptible since these did not survive 2 weeks post-inoculation. However, 22 pea accessions and one woody-stem line were identified with quantitative partial resistance to white mould. Pea accessions 103709, 166084, 169603, 240515 and 270536 from the core collection demonstrated the greatest quantitative partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum based on nodal resistance and plant survival in replicated greenhouse and laboratory tests. Only five of the 504 genotypes screened had a mean lesion length of between 0 and 1 cm when assessed 3 days post-inoculation. Pea stem diameter was significantly (P <= 0.03) negatively correlated with stem lesion length in replicated greenhouse and laboratory experiments, and was determined to be the best predictor of quantitative partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum based on lesion length. C1 [Porter, L. D.; Coffman, V. A.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hoheisel, G.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Porter, LD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM lyndon.porter@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01937.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 394XT UT WOS:000262487200006 ER PT J AU Dong, WB Brenneman, TB Holbrook, CC Timper, P Culbreath, AK AF Dong, W. B. Brenneman, T. B. Holbrook, C. C. Timper, P. Culbreath, A. K. TI The interaction between Meloidogyne arenaria and Cylindrocladium parasiticum in runner peanut SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; cylindrocladium black rot; parasite interactions; root-knot nematode ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; DISEASE COMPLEXES; BLACK ROT; THIELAVIOPSIS-BASICOLA; MACROPOSTHONIA-ORNATA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; ROOT NECROSIS; INCOGNITA AB Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum, and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, both infect and cause damage to the roots of peanut. Greenhouse and microplot experiments were conducted with the runner type peanut genotypes C724-19-15, C724-19-25 and Georgia-02C with different levels of resistance to nematode and CBR to better understand the interactions between the two pathogens. In the greenhouse, inoculation of 500-3000 eggs per plant of M. arenaria did not affect the level of root rot induced by 1.0 to 5.0 microsclerotia of C. parasiticum per g soil. In microplots, the root rot ratings from Georgia-02C and C724-19-25 were higher in plots infested with M. arenaria (0.4-2.0 eggs per cm(3) soil) and C. parasiticum than in plots with C. parasiticum alone; however, M. arenaria did not increase the root rot ratings on the nematode resistant C724-19-15. This was inconsistent with results in the greenhouse. Gall indices were not affected by C. parasiticum inoculations in the greenhouse or microplots. In both 2006 and 2007, a significant interaction between C. parasiticum inoculum densities and nematode level was observed on plant mortality. CBR inoculum greatly increased mortality on C724-19-25 and Georgia-02C, but not on C724-19-15, in the presence of M. arenaria. The mortality increase was more apparent at lower inoculum levels of both pathogens, but on the nematode-susceptible cultivars plant mortality was more with co-inoculations of the two pathogens than from either alone. Simultaneous inoculation with the two pathogens decreased yield of C724-19-25 and Georgia-02C as C. parasiticum inoculum levels increased, but even the largest inoculum of M. arenaria (2.0 eggs per cm(3) soil) did not decrease yield of C724-19-15. C1 [Dong, W. B.; Brenneman, T. B.; Culbreath, A. K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Holbrook, C. C.; Timper, P.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Dong, WB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM wbdong@uga.edu FU Georgia Peanut Commission FX This research was supported in part by the Georgia Peanut Commission. The authors thank Patricia Hilton for her help in many aspects for this study. We also thank Jimmy Mixon, Lewis Mullis, Russell Griffin, Betty Tyler, Dannie Mauldin, Jason Golden and Amber Graham for their field and lab assistance, and Ben Mullinix for his excellent statistical assistance. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01932.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 394XT UT WOS:000262487200008 ER PT J AU Brechenmacher, L Lee, J Sachdev, S Song, Z Nguyen, THN Joshi, T Oehrle, N Libault, M Mooney, B Xu, D Cooper, B Stacey, G AF Brechenmacher, Laurent Lee, Joohyun Sachdev, Sherri Song, Zhao Nguyen, Tran Hong Nha Joshi, Trupti Oehrle, Nathan Libault, Marc Mooney, Brian Xu, Dong Cooper, Bret Stacey, Gary TI Establishment of a Protein Reference Map for Soybean Root Hair Cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LEGUME MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RICE PROTEOME; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING AB Root hairs are single tubular cells formed from the differentiation of epidermal cells on roots. They are involved in water and nutrient uptake and represent the infection site on leguminous roots by rhizobia, soil bacteria that establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Root hairs develop by polar cell expansion or tip growth, a unique mode of plant growth shared only with pollen tubes. A more complete characterization of root hair cell biology will lead to a better understanding of tip growth, the rhizobial infection process, and also lead to improvements in plant water and nutrient uptake. We analyzed the proteome of isolated soybean (Glycine max) root hair cells using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and shotgun proteomics (1D-PAGE-liquid chromatography and multidimensional protein identification technology) approaches. Soybean was selected for this study due to its agronomic importance and its root size. The resulting soybean root hair proteome reference map identified 1,492 different proteins. 2D-PAGE followed by mass spectrometry identified 527 proteins from total cell contents. A complementary shotgun analysis identified 1,134 total proteins, including 443 proteins that were specific to the microsomal fraction. Only 169 proteins were identified by the 2D-PAGE and shotgun methods, which highlights the advantage of using both methods. The proteins identified are involved not only in basic cell metabolism but also in functions more specific to the single root hair cell, including water and nutrient uptake, vesicle trafficking, and hormone and secondary metabolism. The data presented provide useful insight into the metabolic activities of a single, differentiated plant cell type. C1 [Brechenmacher, Laurent; Sachdev, Sherri; Nguyen, Tran Hong Nha; Libault, Marc; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Joohyun; Cooper, Bret] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Song, Zhao; Joshi, Trupti; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Song, Zhao; Joshi, Trupti; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Oehrle, Nathan] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mooney, Brian] Univ Missouri, Charles W Gehrke Prote Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Div Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM staceyg@missouri.edu FU National Science Foundation; Plant Genome Program [DBI-0421620]; United Soybean Board FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Program (grant no. DBI-0421620), and the United Soybean Board. NR 119 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 670 EP 682 DI 10.1104/pp.108.131649 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 404CX UT WOS:000263129400007 PM 19036831 ER PT J AU Wu, L Dixon, PM Nikolau, BJ Kraus, GA Widrlechner, MP Wurtele, ES AF Wu, Lankun Dixon, Philip M. Nikolau, Basil J. Kraus, George A. Widrlechner, Mark P. Wurtele, Eve Syrkin TI Metabolic Profiling of Echinacea Genotypes and a Test of Alternative Taxonomic Treatments SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Echinacea (Asteraceae); alkamides; alkylamides; HPLC; GC-MS; PCA ID PALLIDA NUTT. NUTT.; NATURAL DISTRIBUTION; ALKAMIDES; ROOTS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB The genus Echinacea is used as an herbal medicine to treat a variety of ailments. To better understand its potential chemical variation, 40 Echinacea accessions encompassing broad geographical and morphological diversity were evaluated under controlled conditions. Metabolites of roots from these accessions were analyzed by HPLC-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA), GC-MS, and multivariate statistical methods. In total, 43 lipophilic metabolites, including 24 unknown compounds, were detected. Weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) and clustering analysis of the levels of these metabolites across Echinacea accessions, based on Canberra distances, allowed us to test two alternative taxonomic treatments of the genus, with the further goal of facilitating accession identification. A widely used system developed by McGregor based primarily on morphological features was more congruent with the dendrogram generated from the lipophilic metabolite data than the system more recently developed by Binns et al. Our data support the hypothesis that Echinacea pallida is a diverse allopolyploid, incorporating the genomes of Echinacea simulata and another taxon, possibly Echinacea sanguinea. Finally, most recognized taxa of Echinacea can be identified by their distinct lipophilic metabolite fingerprints. C1 [Wu, Lankun; Wurtele, Eve Syrkin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dixon, Philip M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nikolau, Basil J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kraus, George A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. RP Wurtele, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mash@iastate.edu OI Wurtele, Eve/0000-0003-1552-9495 FU National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [9 P50 AT004155-06]; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa [1018] FX This publication was made possible by grant number 9 P50 AT004155-06 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and was supported by the Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds to the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCCAM or NIH. We thank Dr. Ann Perera and Dr. Jonathan Wendel for suggestions. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 75 IS 2 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1055/s-0028-1112199 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 410HH UT WOS:000263567600015 PM 19101884 ER PT J AU Ponce-Valadez, M Fellman, SM Giovannoni, J Gan, SS Watkins, CB AF Ponce-Valadez, Monica Fellman, Shanna Moore Giovannoni, James Gan, Su-Sheng Watkins, Christopher B. TI Differential fruit gene expression in two strawberry cultivars in response to elevated CO2 during storage revealed by a heterologous fruit microarray approach SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Modified atmospheres; Carbon dioxide; Strawberry; Tomato microarray; Ethylene receptors ID CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENTS; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; TOMATO FRUIT; EXPANSIN GENE; ARABIDOPSIS MICROARRAYS; FERMENTATIVE METABOLISM; NONCLIMACTERIC FRUIT; MALATE METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNAS; ETHYLENE AB The use of a heterologous fruit microarray system to identify differentially expressed genes between strawberry cultivars with different responses to 20 kPa CO2 (balance air) during storage has been evaluated. Specifically, a tomato cDNA microarray containing approximately 12,000 ESTs (representing 8700 unigenes) was hybridized with strawberry cDNA populations to compare gene expression differences between two cultivars: 'Jewel', a cultivar that accumulates acetaldehyde and ethanol in response to elevated CO2 during storage, and 'Cavendish' that does not accumulate these compounds under the same storage conditions. A set of 80 tomato gene sequences gave differential hybridization signals between the two strawberry cultivar probes when they were stored in CO2 for 48 h, suggesting homologous strawberry genes with differential expression. Within each cultivar, when RNA from fruit stored in air was compared with that from fruit stored in CO2, 168 sequences Suggested differential expression in 'Jewel', but only 51 were differentially expressed in 'Cavendish' fruit. Strawberry genes with putative homologies to enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism, ethylene action and stress were implicated by the tomato array. This research not only demonstrates the usefulness Of using a heterologous microarray platform from a model species (tomato) to study a complex process in strawberry, a crop of economic importance, for which genomic resources are still limited, but also provides a foundation for investigating the molecular basis of responses to elevated CO2 during strawberry postharvest storage. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ponce-Valadez, Monica; Gan, Su-Sheng; Watkins, Christopher B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fellman, Shanna Moore] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James] USDA ARS, Robert Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Watkins, CB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cbw3@cornell.edu FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT); USDA NRI [99-35503-8165]; Federal Formula Funds, Regional Project [NE 1018] FX Monica Ponce Valadez was in part funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), the Smock Fund and a graduate assistantship for her PhD program. This research is supported by USDA NRI grant 99-35503-8165, Federal Formula Funds, Regional Project NE 1018 and USDA-ARS. We thank Jacqueline Nock for assistance with controlled atmosphere treatments. We also thank Dr. Livio Trainotti for the donation of the strawberry ethylene receptors clones. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.08.001 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 393EA UT WOS:000262352500002 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JR AF Rudell, David R. Mattheis, James R. TI Superficial scald development and related metabolism is modified by postharvest light irradiation SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus pumila; Metabolomics; Metabolic profiling; GC-MS; LC-UV-vis-MS; Principal components analysis; Cold storage ID GRANNY-SMITH APPLE; ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; DELICIOUS APPLES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; STORAGE SCALD; PEEL; DIPHENYLAMINE AB Global metabolic profiling was used to evaluate compositional changes in diverse pools of peel metabolites extracted from 'Granny Smith' apples bagged on the tree then exposed to artificial UV-white light after harvest. Fruit were air-stored at 1 degrees C for 6 months and then held for 4d at 20 degrees C. Scald was eliminated on the side of the fruit directly exposed to artificial light and reduced with increasing treatment time on the opposite side, where light was limited. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the peel metabolome revealed associations among scald status, light treatment duration, and individual metabolites from multiple pathways, including isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids. Regression analysis of metabolites selected using the PCA model was used to verify these associations. Hyperin, reynoutrin, avicularin, catechin, and (-) epicatechin levels increased in unexposed peel and decreased with increased scald severity. alpha-Farnesene and 2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,7(E),9(E),11-tetraen-6-ol (TMDtol) content diminished with light treatment duration on the exposed side while squalene levels increased. alpha-Tocopherol levels increased with light treatment duration on the unexposed side but decreased as scald severity increased. Given the antioxidant nature of these metabolites, associations indicate a number of light-enhanced metabolites that may impact scald incidence and severity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rudell, David R.; Mattheis, James R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Rudell, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM David.Rudell@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.07.008 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 393EA UT WOS:000262352500007 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Wu, P Manthey, J Goodner, K Baldwin, E AF Bai, Jinhe Wu, Pinshan Manthey, John Goodner, Kevin Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Effect of harvest maturity on quality of fresh-cut pear salad SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyrus communis; Pear; Maturity; Fresh-cut; Sensory; Volatile; Phenolics; Firmness ID BROWNING INHIBITION; DANJOU PEARS; COLD-STORAGE; SHELF-LIFE; BARTLETT; ETHYLENE; SLICES; FRUITS; ACC AB Texture of an unripe pear is firm and crisp, similar to an apple. However, at the crisp stage, the flavor of pears is flat. This study evaluated the effect of harvest maturity on the quality of fresh-cut pear salad. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and 1-month delayed. After 2 and 5 months (1 and 4 months for delayed-harvest fruit) storage at -1 degrees C, fruit were sliced into 8-12 wedges per fruit, dipped in an antibrowning solution, packaged in Ziploc bags and stored at 1 degrees C for up to 21 d. Delayed-harvest fruit were larger in size (approximate to 20% increase in weight), had lower flesh firmness (approximate to 17% decrease), lower titratable acidity content (approximate to 20% decrease). and lower phenolic content (approximate to 45% and 13% decreases in pulp and peel, respectively). There was no significant difference in soluble solids content. After 2 months storage, ethylene production and respiration rate were initially lower in the slices from delayed-harvest fruit, but tended to become similar after 7 d in storage at 1 degrees C. Delayed-harvest fruit had lower hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols, and higher ester, alcohol, and aldehyde volatile compounds after 2-5 months storage. The results indicated that fruit salad produced with delayed-harvest pears had less browning potential and better flavor. Sensory evaluation results showed that about 80% of the panel liked slices from delayed-harvest fruit over commercial harvested, especially in terms of visual quality (65-85%), sweetness (75-95%), taste (70-80%), and overall quality (75-80%) during 21 d storage at 1 degrees C. The cut surface of slices appeared dry in delayed-harvest fruit when processed after 5 months in storage. However, sensory evaluation showed that panels still preferred the delayed-harvest fruit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bai, Jinhe; Manthey, John; Goodner, Kevin; Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Bai, Jinhe] Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. [Wu, Pinshan] Chinese Acad Inspect & Quarantine, Inst Anim & Plant Quarantine, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Baldwin, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Liz.Baldwin@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.07.009 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 393EA UT WOS:000262352500017 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH Jin, LP Xie, KY Xie, CH Spooner, DM AF Jansky, S. H. Jin, L. P. Xie, K. Y. Xie, C. H. Spooner, D. M. TI Potato Production and Breeding in China SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cultivar; Processing AB China is the world's leading producer of potatoes, growing 22% of all potatoes. Production continues to rise, owing to increases in both land devoted to potato production and yield per hectare. Most potato production occurs in the northern and southwest regions of the country. The processing of coarse starch is the most important component of the potato processing industry in China, but other processing industries, such as crisps and French fries, are expanding. Major production constraints include inadequate germplasm resources for cultivar development, the lack of high quality seed potatoes, and limited access to equipment for mechanized cultivation, planting, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting. Additional weaknesses in storage and transportation technologies must be addressed, as they are the major constraints for the healthy development of the potato industry. The introduction and improvement of these technologies will ensure the sustainable development of the potato industry in China. C1 [Jansky, S. H.; Spooner, D. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jin, L. P.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xie, K. Y.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIP Beijing Liaison Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xie, C. H.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s11540-008-9121-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V24MD UT WOS:000208413600004 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Dowd, SE Wolcott, RD Sun, Y McReynolds, JL Edrington, TS Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Krueger, N Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Dowd, S. E. Wolcott, R. D. Sun, Y. McReynolds, J. L. Edrington, T. S. Byrd, J. A. Anderson, R. C. Krueger, N. Nisbet, D. J. TI Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in cecal contents of laying hens fed various molting diets by using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; molting; laying hen ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LEGHORN HENS; INFECTION; ALFALFA; CATTLE; SYSTEM AB Laying hens are typically induced to molt to begin a new egg-laying cycle by withdrawing feed for up to 12 to 14 d. Fasted hens are more susceptible to colonization and tissue invasion by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Much of this increased incidence in fasted hens is thought to be due to changes in the native intestinal microflora. An alternative to feed withdrawal involves feeding alfalfa meal crumble to hens, which is indigestible by poultry but provides fermentable substrate to the intestinal microbial population and reduces Salmonella colonization of hens compared with feed withdrawal. The present study was designed to quantify differences in the cecal microbial population of hens (n = 12) fed a typical layer ration, undergoing feed withdrawal, or being fed alfalfa crumble by using a novel tag bacterial diversity amplification method. Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Clostridium were the most common genera isolated from all treatment groups. Only the ceca of hens undergoing feed withdrawal (n = 4) contained Salmonella. The number of genera present was greatest in the alfalfa crumble-fed group and least in the feed withdrawal group (78 vs. 54 genera, respectively). Overall, the microbial diversity was least and Lactobacillius populations were not found in the hens undergoing feed withdrawal, which could explain much of these hens' sensitivity to colonization by Salmonella. C1 [Callaway, T. R.; McReynolds, J. L.; Edrington, T. S.; Byrd, J. A.; Anderson, R. C.; Krueger, N.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, S. E.] Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Wolcott, R. D.; Sun, Y.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79410 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Todd.Callaway@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 88 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00222 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 400UN UT WOS:000262894700008 PM 19151343 ER PT J AU Lorenzoni, AG Erf, GF Rath, NC Wideman, RF AF Lorenzoni, A. G. Erf, G. F. Rath, N. C. Wideman, R. F., Jr. TI Cellular component of lavage fluid from broilers with normal versus aerosol-primed airways SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mucosal immune system; airway; lipopolysaccharide ID AVIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; CHICKENS; DEFENSE; TRACT; PHAGOCYTOSIS; HETEROPHILS; CYTOKINE AB Previously, we reported that intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide elicited pulmonary hypertension (PH) in broilers reared under commercial conditions and in broilers reared in environmental chambers and pretreated with aerosolized red food colorant # 3 and propylene glycol (Red#3+PG), but not in control broilers reared in environmental chambers. The objective of the present experiment was to determine possible changes in the number or proportion of airway leukocytes that could contribute to the magnitude of the PH responses elicited in broilers. Birds were aerosolized for 40 min with a saturated mixture of Red#3+PG. After 24 h, a blood sample was taken, the broilers were killed, and a pulmonary lavage process was conducted in each bird. Leukocyte concentration (white blood cells/mu L) and differential leukocyte counts (%) were measured in blood and lavage fluid. Leukocyte concentration in blood did not differ between groups, but the percentage of blood lymphocytes was lower in broilers from the Red#3+PG group compared with birds from the control group (52.4 +/- 2.9 and 56.9 +/- 2.9%, respectively). Cells recovered from the lavage fluid from both groups were primarily heterophils. The concentration of leukocytes was greater in the lavage fluid of broilers from the Red#3+PG group compared with broilers from the control group (763.2 +/- 158.7 and 402.9 +/- 62.6 white blood cells/mu L, respectively), but the proportions among leukocytes were not different between the 2 groups. We propose that the increased concentration of leukocytes present within the airways was one of the components that enabled broilers pretreated with aerosolized Red#3+PG to exhibit PH responses to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide. C1 [Lorenzoni, A. G.; Erf, G. F.; Wideman, R. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rath, N. C.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Lorenzoni, AG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM alorenzo@uark.edu FU University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Agricultural Experimental Station (Fayetteville) FX This research was supported by an Animal Health grant from the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Agricultural Experimental Station (Fayetteville). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 88 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00379 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 400UN UT WOS:000262894700009 PM 19151344 ER PT J AU Kannan, L Rath, NC Liyanage, R Lay, JO AF Kannan, L. Rath, N. C. Liyanage, R. Lay, J. O., Jr. TI Direct screening identifies mature beta-defensin 2 in avian heterophils SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heterophil; mass spectrometry; avian beta-defensin ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL MALDI; CHICKEN; QUANTIFICATION; PATHOGENS; BACTERIA; UPDATE; TOF AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was used to screen avian heterophils in the m/z range of 1 to 20 kDa with an objective to identify specific cell-associated peptides that may be reflective of their functional physiology. The MALDI-TOF-MS profiles of crude heterophil extract showed a high intensity peak with average mass of m/z 3916.1 for chicken and m/z 4129.6 for turkey. To identify these peaks, we first purified m/z 3916.1 from chicken bone marrow extract using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Edman sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting exclusively confirmed this peptide as beta-defensin 2 (BD2) or gallinacin-2, a broad-range antimicrobial peptide. A Uniprot database search followed by the MASCOT sequence query revealed m/z 4129.6 to be the corresponding turkey ortholog of avian beta-defensin 2 (AvBD2), also called turkey heterophil peptide 2. Both AvBD2 peptides are 36 amino acids long including a highly conserved region with 6 invariant cysteines forming the 3 disulfide bonds characteristic of defensins. The method confirmed the existence of the complete mature peptide sequence of the turkey heterophilic BD2 previously proposed based on cDNA analysis. These results demonstrate that screening of the crude extract by MALDI-TOF-MS can identify cell-or tissue-associated peptides in their functional or mature forms, raising the possibility that such peptides can be used as biomarkers in their altered physiological states. C1 [Kannan, L.; Rath, N. C.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kannan, L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Liyanage, R.; Lay, J. O., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 FU Arkansas Biosciences Institute ( Little Rock) FX The authors acknowledge and thank Marty Scharlau ( Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry) for peptide sequencing and Yuchun Du ( Department of Biological Science) and Neil Pumford ( Department of Poultry Science) for their helpful reviews. This work was supported in part by a grant from Arkansas Biosciences Institute ( Little Rock). NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 88 IS 2 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00366 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 400UN UT WOS:000262894700017 PM 19151352 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA AF Dargatz, David A. TI What is normal? A field approach to characterizing health and management of the nation's animal populations SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Schwabe Symposium 2007 CY 2007 CL Pullman, WA DE National Animal Health Monitoring System; (NAHMS); Monitoring ID MONITORING-SYSTEM; INFORMATION AB There is a growing demand for information about the health and well-being of animals on farms. Such information has many uses. In some instances such information is used locally by livestock owners and producers to gauge their position relative to their peers. In other instances the information can be used at a national or international level by policy makers and trade negotiators. Animal health companies use such information to target research and product development. Academicians and other educators use information on animal health to teach future members of the agricultural industries. In addition, consumers are asking more questions about the manner in which animals are raised and cared for on farms. With so many stakeholders with an interest in such information there is a need for objective data collected with credible methods covering a substantial proportion of the population of interest. Such efforts are unlikely to be accomplished by entities other than a nationally focused unit in the government. The United States Department of Agriculture's National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) has been providing management and health-related data on the United States livestock and poultry populations for nearly 20 years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.A.Dargatz@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 2 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.09.004 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 398ZG UT WOS:000262769600004 PM 18950878 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Truman, CC Siragusa, G Line, E Bailey, JS Frye, J Endale, DM Franklin, DH Schomberg, HH Fisher, DS Sharpe, RR AF Jenkins, Michael B. Truman, Clint C. Siragusa, Gregory Line, Eric Bailey, J. Stan Frye, Jonathan Endale, Dinku M. Franklin, Dorcas H. Schomberg, Harry H. Fisher, Dwight S. Sharpe, Ronald R. TI Rainfall and tillage effects on transport of fecal bacteria and sex hormones 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone from broiler litter applications to a Georgia Piedmont Ultisol (vol 403, pg 154, 2008) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Endale, Dinku M.; Franklin, Dorcas H.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Fisher, Dwight S.; Sharpe, Ronald R.] USDA ARS J Phil Campbell, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Truman, Clint C.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Siragusa, Gregory; Line, Eric; Bailey, J. Stan; Frye, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 4 BP 1469 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.031 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396DU UT WOS:000262573200024 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Reed, S Gehring, A He, YP Paoli, G AF Tu, Shu-I Reed, Sue Gehring, Andrew He, Yiping Paoli, George TI Capture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using Immunomagnetic Beads of Different Size and Antibody Conjugating Chemistry SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; immunomagnetic beads; time-resolved fluorescence; antibody linkage ID REAL-TIME PCR; RAPID DETECTION; RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; SEPARATION; SALMONELLA; OUTBREAK; 0157-H7 AB Immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were synthesized using anti-Escherichia coli O157 antibodies and magnetic beads of two different sizes (1 mu m and 2.6 to 2.8 mu m) that contained a streptavidin coating, activated carboxyl groups or tosylated surfaces. The synthesized IMB, together with a commercially available IMB, were used to capture different strains of E. coli O157: H7 and E. coli O157: NM. The E. coli capture was measured by the time resolved fluorescence (TRF) intensity using a sandwich assay which we have previously demonstrated of having a sensitivity of 1 CFU/g after 4.5 hour enrichment [ 1]. The analyses of measured TRF intensity and determined antibody surface concentration indicated that larger beads provided higher response signals than smaller beads and were more effective in capturing the target of interest in pure culture and ground beef. In addition, while each type of IMB showed different favorable capture of E. coli O157: H7, streptavidin-coated IMB elicited the highest response, on average. Streptavidin-coated IMB also provided an economic benefit, costing less than $0.50 per assay. The results could be used to guide the proper choice of IMB for applications in developing detection processes for E. coli O157: H7. C1 [Tu, Shu-I; Reed, Sue; Gehring, Andrew; He, Yiping; Paoli, George] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shui.tu@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 717 EP 730 DI 10.3390/s90200717 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 413WN UT WOS:000263823500002 PM 22399935 ER PT J AU Albin, DM Gehring, AG Reed, SA Tu, SI AF Albin, David M. Gehring, Andrew G. Reed, Sue A. Tu, Shu-I TI Apparent Thixotropic Properties of Saline/Glycerol Drops with Biotinylated Antibodies on Streptavidin-Coated Glass Slides: Implications for Bacterial Capture on Antibody Microarrays SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence immunoassay; Antibody microarray; Bacteria; Print Buffer ID DNA MICROARRAY; PROTEINS; KINETICS AB The thixotropic-like properties of saline/glycerol drops, containing biotinylated capture antibodies, on streptavidin-coated glass slides have been investigated, along with their implications for bacterial detection in a fluorescent microarray immunoassay. The thixotropic-like nature of 60: 40 saline-glycerol semisolid droplets (with differing amounts of antibodies) was observed when bacteria were captured, and their presence detected using a fluorescently-labeled antibody. Semisolid, gel-like drops of biotinylated capture antibody became liquefied and moved, and then returned to semisolid state, during the normal immunoassay procedures for bacterial capture and detection. Streaking patterns were observed that indicated thixotropic-like characteristics, and this appeared to have allowed excess biotinylated capture antibody to participate in bacterial capture and detection. When developing a microarray for bacterial detection, this must be considered for optimization. For example, with the appropriate concentration of antibody (in this study, 0.125 ng/nL), spots with increased diameter at the point of contact printing (and almost no streaking) were produced, resulting in a maximal signal. With capture antibody concentrations greater than 0.125 ng/nL, the excess biotinylated capture antibody (i.e., that which was residing in the three-dimensional, semisolid droplet space above the surface) was utilized to capture more bacteria. Similarly, when the immunoassay was performed within a hydrophobic barrier (i.e., without a coverslip), brighter spots with increased signal were observed. In addition, when higher concentrations of cells (similar to 10(8) cells/mL) were available for capture, the importance of unbound capture antibody in the semisolid droplets became apparent because washing off the excess, unbound biotinylated capture antibody before the immunoassay was performed reduced the signal intensity by nearly 50%. This reduction in signal was not observed with lower concentrations of cells (similar to 10(6) cells/mL). With increased volumes of capture antibody, abnormal spots were visualized, along with decreased signal intensity, after bacterial detection, indicating that the increased droplet volume detrimentally affected the immunoassay. C1 [Albin, David M.; Gehring, Andrew G.; Reed, Sue A.; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david_m_albin@yahoo.com; andrew.gehring@ars.usda.gov; sue.reed@ars.usda.gov; shui.tu@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 995 EP 1011 DI 10.3390/s90200995 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 413WN UT WOS:000263823500019 PM 22399952 ER PT J AU Utsumi, SA Cibils, AF Estell, RE Soto-Navarro, SA Van Leeuwen, D AF Utsumi, Santiago A. Cibils, Andres F. Estell, Richard E. Soto-Navarro, Sergio A. Van Leeuwen, Dawn TI Seasonal changes in one seed juniper intake by sheep and goats in relation to dietary protein and plant secondary metabolites SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Terpenes; Phenolics; Condensed tannins; Soybean meal; Fish meal; Sheep; Goats; Seasonal changes; Juniper ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; ALFALFA PELLETS; ESSENTIAL OILS; VOLATILE OILS; FOODS; LAMBS; DEER; CONSUMPTION; PREFERENCE AB Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) and nutrients can influence patterns of feed intake of small ruminants. Their effects depend on the type and amounts of PSM and nutrients fed. We hypothesized that one-seed juniper intake of goats and sheep would change in response to seasonal variations of PSM concentrations and type and amount of CP fed. To test this hypothesis, we fed 12 does (46.7 +/- 1.25 kg) and 12 ewes (74.9 +/- 1.23 kg) freshly harvested one-seed juniper branches in summer, fall, winter, and spring. Animals also received isoenergetic diets (1.6% BW) with either addition of a high rumen degradable (RDP, 12.5% CP) or undegradable (RUP, 12.5% CP) protein source or with no addition of supplemental protein (Control, 5% CP). juniper branches were offered in unrestricted amounts for 30 min prior to feeding treatment diets and short-term intake was determined for 10 d per season. One-seed juniper leaves contained a diverse mix of terpenes, phenolics, and condensed tannins which were positively correlated to each other (P<0.05) and varied seasonally in concentration and composition (P<0.05). Juniper intake was greater for goats than sheep (P<0.05), and twice as high for animals fed high CP diets vs. control animals (P<0.05). Juniper intake in the fall, when levels of plant secondary metabolites were highest, was 41, 58, and 52% less (P<0.05) than in summer, winter, and spring, respectively. Addition of high RDP and RUP sources into diets induced different patterns of juniper intake across seasons, herbivores, and individual animals. In each diet treatment, a distinct subset of a few PSM explained 30-78% of overall variation in juniper intake of goats and sheep. This study suggests that increases in dietary protein levels can increase voluntary intake of one-seed juniper of small ruminants during seasons when PSM levels are low. Diets with protein sources of different degradability can potentially influence juniper intake of small ruminants differently, probably due to different nutrient-PSM associations that may result in different detoxification capabilities and post-ingestive experiences that influence individual juniper preference. (C) 2009 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved. C1 [Utsumi, Santiago A.; Cibils, Andres F.; Soto-Navarro, Sergio A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Estell, Richard E.] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Cibils, AF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM acibils@nmsu.edu FU Joe Skeen Institute for Rangeland Restoration FX Special thanks are given to Yuan-Feng Wang for her support with juniper chemical analyses, and Drs. Tim Ross and Jack Thomas, and Carolina Fabbi, Kyle Jakson, Stephanie Lopez, Josh Miller, Adam Lujan, Godfrey Khumalo, and Kris Ebel who collaborated in the logistics and conduction of the study. Drs. Derek Bailey and Terell Baker provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was funded with a USDA-CSREES grant from the Joe Skeen Institute for Rangeland Restoration. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.12.011 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 416YB UT WOS:000264040300013 ER PT J AU Flythe, MD Andries, K AF Flythe, Michael D. Andries, Kenneth TI The effects of monensin on amino acid catabolizing bacteria isolated from the Boer goat rumen SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Ionophores; Meat goat production; Monensin; Rumen ID RUMINAL BACTERIA; AMMONIA; ABILITY; NOV. AB When ruminants consume feed, as much as half of the amino acid nitrogen can be lost due to microbial degradation in the rumen. Hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) are primarily responsible for amino acid loss in sheep and cattle, and ionophores (e.g. monensin) are used to inhibit the HAB. Ionophores are sometimes included in the diets of meat goats, but the effects on caprine HAB have not been investigated. Five amino acid catabolizing bacteria were isolated from the rumina of Boer goats, which were consuming a supplement that contained monensin. Two of the isolates were most closely related to the bovine HAB, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, but the other three were more closely related to Peptoniphilus indolicus. When the isolates were exposed to monensin, intracellular potassium was lost, and ammonia production was inhibited. However, the P. indolicus-like isolates demonstrated a greater capacity to overcome this inhibition in growth experiments. These results indicate that the monensin sensitivity of these bacteria can be variable, even when previous exposure to monensin occurred in the rumen environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flythe, Michael D.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Andries, Kenneth] Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Flythe, MD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, N-220 Ag Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM michael.flythe@ars.usda.gov RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169 FU USDA; Kentucky State University [KYX-60-05-14R] FX The Agricultural Research Service, USDA, supported this work. The goats were part of the KYX-60-05-14R project at Kentucky State University. The authors would like to thank Gloria Gellin for technical assistance. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.12.004 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 416YB UT WOS:000264040300018 ER PT J AU Busse, MD Sanchez, FG Ratcliff, AW Butnor, JR Carter, EA Powers, RF AF Busse, Matt D. Sanchez, Felipe G. Ratcliff, Alice W. Butnor, John R. Carter, Emily A. Powers, Robert F. TI Soil carbon sequestration and changes in fungal and bacterial biomass following incorporation of forest residues SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Microbial biomass; Harvesting; Fuel reduction methods; Fluorescent microscopy ID ORGANIC-MATTER; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; FUNGAL/BACTERIAL RATIOS; SELECTIVE-INHIBITION; PHYSICAL PROTECTION; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Sequestering carbon (C) in forest soils can benefit site fertility and help offset greenhouse gas emissions. However, identifying soil conditions and forest management practices which best promote C accumulation remains a challenging task. We tested whether soil incorporation of masticated woody residues alters short-term C storage at forested sites in western and southeastern USA. Our hypothesis was that woody residues would preferentially stimulate soil fungal biomass, resulting in improved C use efficiency and greater soil C storage. Harvest slash at loblolly pine sites in South Carolina was masticated (chipped) and either (1) retained on the soil surface, (2) tilled to a soil depth of 40 cm, or (3) tilled using at least twice the mass of organics. At comparative sites in California, live woody fuels in ponderosa pine stands were (1) masticated and surface applied, (2) masticated and tilled, or (3) left untreated. Sites with clayey and sandy soils were compared in each region, with residue additions ranging from 20 to 207 Mg ha(-1). Total and active fungal biomass were not strongly affected by residue incorporation despite the high input of organics. Limited response was also found for total and active bacterial biomass. As a consequence, fungal:bacterial (F:B) biomass ratios were similar among treatments at each site. Total soil C was elevated at one California site following residue incorporation, yet was significantly lower compared to surface-applied residues at both loblolly pine sites, presumably due to the oxidative effects of tilling on soil organic matter. The findings demonstrated an inconsequential effect of residue incorporation on fungal and bacterial biomass and suggest a limited potential of such practices to enhance long-term soil C storage in these forests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Busse, Matt D.; Ratcliff, Alice W.; Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Sanchez, Felipe G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butnor, John R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Carter, Emily A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 62 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.012 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 407XU UT WOS:000263398400006 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Leytem, AB AF Tarkalson, David Dale Leytem, April B. TI Phosphorus Mobility in Soil Columns Treated With Dairy Manures and Commercial Fertilizer SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; phosphorus leaching; phosphorus mobility; organic carbon; dairy manure; calcareous ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; SOLUBILITY; CATTLE; MATTER AB The concentration of animal production in some areas of the United States has led to concern about the environmental fate of manure-derived phosphorus (P) in soils. A column study was conducted to quantify P leaching in a calcareous soil treated with monoammonium phosphate (MAP), two solid dairy manures (D1S and D2S), and two liquid dairy manures (D I L and D2L). A control with no P application was also included. Treatments were applied at 166 kg P ha(-1) to columns packed with 20 cm of a Warden fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed superactive, mesic Xeric Haplocalcids) in a completely randomized design with four replications and housed in a climate-controlled growth chamber. Simulated irrigation water was added to the columns at a rate of 47.4 mm (450 mL) during 13 events during a 9-week period, with leachate collected, volume recorded, and concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and total P (TP) determined for each event. At the end of the leaching events, each soil column was divided into eight 2.5-cm segments. Their, soil was air-dried, ground, and analyzed for TP total carbon, calcium (Ca), iron, and manganese, and water-soluble R The masses of TP and TOC in leachate were in the order D1L = D2L > MAP = D1S = D2S = Control. There was a positive linear relationship between the Cumulative mass of TOC and cumulative mass of TP lost in leachate over all manure treatments (r(2) = 0.98). The masses of TP and water-soluble P for treatments in the entire soil columns were in the order MAP > D1L = D2L > D1S = D2S = Control. Masses of P and C in leachate and soil show that P mobility in soil was in the order liquid dairy manures > MAP > solid dairy manures. At the end of the study, the total C was greater in the surface 2.5 cut of the soil columns for the solid manure treatments compared with the other treatments/depth combinations. The greater leaching of P in the liquid manure treatments compared with the solid manure treatments may be caused by a combination of factors including microbial activity, organically complexed metals, coating of P adsorption sites on clay particles by organic C compounds, and P-Ca and P-aluminum reactions. C1 [Tarkalson, David Dale; Leytem, April B.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. EM david.tarkalson@usda.ars.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 174 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318197501a PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 408KO UT WOS:000263434100002 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Olk, DC Honeycutt, CW Fortuna, AM AF He, Zhongqi Olk, Daniel C. Honeycutt, C. Wayne Fortuna, Ann-Marie TI Enzymatically and Ultraviolet-Labile Phosphorus in Humic Acid Fractions From Rice Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Humic substances; phosphatase; phosphorus; rice soil; soil organic matter ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; COMPLEX PHOSPHORUS; MATTER; HYDROLYSIS; PHOSPHATASE; LAKE; ACCUMULATION; HUMIFICATION; EXTRACTION; PHYTATE AB Humic acid (HA) is an important soil component that call improve nutrient availability and impact other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. We investigated the lability of phosphorus (P) in the mobile HA and calcium humate fractions of four rice soils as measured by orthophosphate-releasing enzymatic hydrolysis and UV irradiation. Enzymatic hydrolysis releases hydrolyzable organic P, and UV irradiation abiotically releases P by breaking down phosphate-HA complexes. Less than 25% of the P in these fractions was detected in the soluble orthophosphate form (detectable soluble P(i)). Enzymatic incubation increased detectable Soluble P(i) to 60% of total P. Treatment by UV irradiation alone released an additional 5% to 20% of humic-bound P compared with the untreated fractions. However, treatment by both UV irradiation and enzymatic hydrolysis released 0% to 14% of humic-bound P more than the amount of organic P that was enzymatically released from nonirradiated samples. The,;matter amounts of P that were released from some humic fractions by both UV irradiation and enzymatic hydrolysis than by UV irradiation alone indicated some overlap between UV-degradable organic P and enzymatically labile organic P. Generally, about one half to two thirds of humic P in these rice soils was labile. These data demonstrated that either assumption that no P in humic fractions was labile P or all P in humic fractions was labile is not true. The lability of humic-bound P should be experimentally evaluated as reported in this work. C1 [He, Zhongqi; Honeycutt, C. Wayne] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fortuna, Ann-Marie] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Olk, Daniel C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012; OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 174 IS 2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181981dc5 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 408KO UT WOS:000263434100003 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Finnell, PR Elrashidi, MA AF Seybold, Cathy A. Finnell, Paul R. Elrashidi, Moustafa A. TI Estimating Total Acidity From Soil Properties Using Linear Models SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Total acidity; pedotransfer function; regression; soil survey ID TITRATABLE ACIDITY AB Currently, there is no national or comprehensive mode for estimating total acidity (extractable acidity) that uses basic soil properties obtained in soil survey. The aim of this study was to develop total acidity prediction models from readily available soil properties. Measured data in the National Soil Survey Characterization Database were used to develop the total acidity prediction equations. The data set was stratified primarily by taxonomic order. Strata were also separated by texture modifiers of hydrous, media], and ashy, and by different organic layers. Prediction equations were developed for each strata (or data set) using general linear model procedures. Organic C, pH (in H(2)O), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were the most highly correlated and most important variables in predicting total acidity. Two sets of total acidity prediction equations were developed. One set uses CEC as a predictor variable, and the second set provides total acidity estimates for low pH soils (pH 5.5) where CEC is not available. The two sets of equations allow total acidity to be predicted for all soils in soil survey. The coefficient-of-determination (R(2)) ranged from 0.55 to 0.93 for prediction equations using CEC as a variable and from 0.44 to 0.86 for prediction of total acidity for low pH soils, where CEC is not used as a predictor variable. Validation of the equations indicated that these models can be useful in estimating total acidity with decreasing reliability at lower pH (when CEC is not used). The most useful equations are those with R(2) > 0.60, which can be useful in estimating total acidity for soil survey when there are no measured data available. C1 [Seybold, Cathy A.; Finnell, Paul R.; Elrashidi, Moustafa A.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Fed Bldg,Room 152, Lincoln, NE USA. EM cathy.seybold@lin.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 174 IS 2 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181975044 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 408KO UT WOS:000263434100004 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Busscher, WJ Laird, DL Ahmedna, M Watts, DW Niandou, MAS AF Novak, Jeffrey M. Busscher, Warren J. Laird, David L. Ahmedna, Mohamed Watts, Don W. Niandou, Mohamed A. S. TI Impact of Biochar Amendment on Fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biochar; coastal plain soil; fertility; GRACEnet; leachate ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; BLACK CARBON; NORTH-CAROLINA; PARENT MATERIAL; CHARCOAL; MANURE; CONSERVATION; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; EARTH AB Agricultural soils in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain region have meager soil fertility characteristics because of their sandy textures, acidic pH values, kaolinitic clays, low cation exchange capacities, and diminutive soil organic carbon contents. We hypothesized that biochar additions will help ameliorate some of these fertility problems. The study objectives were to determine the impact of pecan shell-based biochar additions on soil fertility characteristics and water leachate chemistry for a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic typic Kandiudults). Soil columns containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (wt/wt) biochar were incubated at 10% (wt/wt) moisture for 67 days. Oil (lays 25 and 67, the columns were leached with 1.2 to 1.4 pore volumes of deionized H(2)O, and the leachate chemical composition determined. On days 0 and 67, soil samples were collected and analyzed for fertility. The biochar had a pH of 7,6, contained 834.2 and 3.41 g kg(-1) of C and N, respectively, and was dominated by aromatic C (58%). After 67 days and two leaching events, biochar additions to the Norfolk soil increased soil pH, soil organic carbon, Ca, K, Mn, and P and decreased exchangeable acidity, S, and Zn. Biochar additions did not significantly increase soil cation exchange capacity. Leachates contained increasing electrical conductivity and K and Na concentrations, but decreasing levels of Ca, P, Mn, and Zn. These effects reflect the addition of elements and the higher sorption capacity of biochar for selective nutrients (especially Ca, P, Zn, and Mn). Biochar additions to the Norfolk soil caused significant fertility improvements. C1 [Novak, Jeffrey M.; Busscher, Warren J.; Watts, Don W.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Laird, David L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ahmedna, Mohamed; Niandou, Mohamed A. S.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Interdisciplinary Energy & Environm Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. EM jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014; OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 FU US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Ms. Sheeneka Green, Mr Dean Evans, Dr Baoshan Xing, and Ms. Mary Kay Amistadi for laboratory analyses. NR 52 TC 332 Z9 438 U1 37 U2 306 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 174 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181981d9a PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 408KO UT WOS:000263434100006 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Bowker, JM Johnson, CY Cordell, HK AF Lim, Siew Hoon Bowker, J. M. Johnson, Cassandra Y. Cordell, H. Ken TI Perspectives on Prescribed Fire in the South: Does Ethnicity Matter? SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; ethnicity; general ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; GENDER; RACE; RISK; CONTEXT; HEALTH AB Using a household survey and regression methods, we assessed preferences for prescribed fire in the southern United States. We found that the majority of the respondents favored the use of prescribed fire. However, we observed pronounced racial variation in opinions an prescribed fire and its side effects. African Americans and Hispanics were less supportive and were more concerned about the side effects of prescribed fire than whites. We also observed that females tended to he more concerned about the side effects of prescribed fire than males. In addition, education had no effect on preference for prescribed fire in general, but education was found to be negatively associated with concern levels in all three models pertaining to concerns over the side effects of prescribed fire. Concern over the side effects diminished as education increased. C1 [Lim, Siew Hoon] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Bowker, J. M.; Johnson, Cassandra Y.; Cordell, H. Ken] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Morrill 203B, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM siew.lim@ndsu.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [01-1-3-30]; US Forest Service [SRS 0/-CA-11330144-057] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (JSFP Grant 01-1-3-30) and the US Forest Service (SRS 0/-CA-11330144-057). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418JP UT WOS:000264144800004 ER PT J AU Chojnacky, D Amacher, M Gavazzi, M AF Chojnacky, David Amacher, Michael Gavazzi, Michael TI Separating Duff and Litter for Improved Mass and Carbon Estimates SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE organic soil horizon; down woody materials; soil survey ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST FLOOR; SOIL CARBON; SITES; FIRE AB Mass and carbon load estimates, such as those from forest soil organic matter (duff and litter), inform forestry decisions. The US Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program systematically collects data nationwide: a down woody material protocol specifies discrete duff and litter depth measurements, and a soils protocol specifies mass and carbon of duff and litter combined. Sampling duff and liner separately via the soils protocol would increase accuracy of subsequent bulk density calculations and mass and carbon estimates that use them. At 57 locations in North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia, we measured depth, mass, and carbon of duff and litter separately. Duff depth divided by total depth varied from 20% to 56%, duff was 1-4 times denser than litter, and the calculated median carbon-to-moss ratio for hardwood duff (0,37) was less than that for litter (0.45). Using FIA depth measurements, we calculated mass from (1) our mean density values, (2) a mass versus depth regression model we developed, and (3) published density values. Model mass calculations were lower than those using our mean densities, possibly because the latter ignore density differences with layer thickness. Our model could provide valuable mass and carbon estimates if fully developed with future FIA data (duff and litter separated). C1 [Chojnacky, David] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. [Amacher, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Gavazzi, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Chojnacky, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, 144 Recs Pl, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. EM dchoj@cox.net; mamacher@fs.fed.us; mgavazzi@ucsu.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418JP UT WOS:000264144800006 ER PT J AU Jacobson, MG Greene, JL Straka, TJ Daniels, SE Kilgore, MA AF Jacobson, Michael G. Greene, John L. Straka, Thomas J. Daniels, Steven E. Kilgore, Michael A. TI Influence and Effectiveness of Financial Incentive Programs in Promoting Sustainable Forestry in the South SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE financial incentives; nonindustrial private forest; cost share programs; property taxes ID PRIVATE FORESTRY; UNITED-STATES; POLICY TOOLS; INVESTMENT AB State forestry officials responsible for forestry incentive programs in each of the 13 southern states were surveyed concerning their opinions on financial incentive programs available to nonindustrial private forest owners. The forestry officials were asked to name and describe the public and private programs available in their state, to assess forest owners' awareness of each program, its appeal among the owners aware of it, its effectiveness in encouraging sustainable forestry and enabling owners to meet their objectives, and the percent of program practices that remain in place and enrolled acres that remain in forest over time. They also were asked to suggest ways to improve the programs. The Forest Stewardship, Forest Land Enhancement, and Forest Legacy Programs were among the top rated federal programs. Programs sponsored by states and private organizations tended to be more narrowly targeted than federal programs and scored well for specific attributes. The forestry officials' suggestions for program improvement centered largely on improving program visibility and availability, increasing and ensuring long-term consistency in program funding, and simplifying the application and approval process. C1 [Jacobson, Michael G.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Greene, John L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. [Straka, Thomas J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Daniels, Steven E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kilgore, Michael A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jacobson, MG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 309 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mgj2@psu.edu; jgreene01@fs.fed.us; tstraka@clemson.edu; steve.daniels@usu.edu; mkilgore@umn.edu FU National Commission on Science for sustainable Forestry FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Commission on Science for sustainable Forestry. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418JP UT WOS:000264144800007 ER PT J AU Narayanan, N Grosic, S Tasma, IM Grant, D Shoemaker, R Bhattacharyya, MK AF Narayanan, N. Grosic, Sehiza Tasma, I. M. Grant, David Shoemaker, Randy Bhattacharyya, Madan K. TI Identification of candidate signaling genes including regulators of chromosome condensation 1 protein family differentially expressed in the soybean-Phytophthora sojae interaction SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP-GLYCINEA; RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; NUCLEAR-ENVELOPE; PATHOGEN ATTACK; RAN GTPASE; INFECTION AB Stem and root rot caused by the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, is a serious soybean disease. Use of Phytophthora resistance genes (Rps) in soybean cultivars has been very effective in controlling this pathogen. Resistance encoded by Rps genes is manifested through activation of defense responses. In order to identify candidate signaling genes involved in the expression of Phytophthora resistance in soybean, a cDNA library was prepared from infected etiolated hypocotyl tissues of a Phytophthora resistant soybean cultivar harvested 2 and 4 h following P. sojae inoculation. In silico subtraction of 101,833 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) originating from unstressed cDNA libraries from 4,737 ESTs of this library resulted in identification of 204 genes that were absent in the unstressed libraries. Of the 204 identified genes, seven were P. sojae genes. Putative function of 91 of the 204 genes could not be assigned based on sequence comparison. Macroarray analyses of all 204 genes led to identification of 60 genes including 15 signaling-related soybean genes and three P. sojae genes, transcripts of which were induced twofold in P. sojae-infected tissues as compared to that in water controls. Eight soybean genes were down-regulated twofold following P. sojae infection as compared to water controls. Differential expression of a few selected genes was confirmed by conducting Northern and RT-PCR analyses. We have shown that two putative regulators of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) family proteins were down-regulated in the incompatible interaction. This observation suggested that the nucleocytoplasmic transport function for trafficking protein and non-coding RNA is suppressed during expression of race-specific Phytophthora resistance. Characterization of a cDNA library generated from tissues harvested almost immediately following P. sojae-infection of a resistant cultivar allowed us to identify many candidate signaling genes that are presumably involved in regulating the expression of defense-related pathways for expression of Phytophthora resistance in soybean. C1 [Narayanan, N.; Grosic, Sehiza; Tasma, I. M.; Bhattacharyya, Madan K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grant, David; Shoemaker, Randy] USDA ARS CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, MK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM narayanan752000@yahoo.com; tasma12@yahoo.com; david.Grant@ARS.USDA.GOV; Randy.Shoemaker@ARS.USDA.GOV; mbhattac@agron.iastate.edu OI Grant, David/0000-0002-4611-6848 FU USDA-NRI [2001-35301-10577]; Iowa Soybean Association FX This research was funded by USDA-NRI (Grant No. 2001-35301-10577) and Iowa Soybean Association. Technical assistance by Mr. Datta Prasad Kamat is highly appreciated. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 118 IS 3 BP 399 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0895-z PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 396FJ UT WOS:000262577300001 PM 18825360 ER PT J AU Burow, GB Franks, CD Acosta-Martinez, V Xin, ZG AF Burow, Gloria B. Franks, Cleve D. Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Xin, Zhanguo TI Molecular mapping and characterization of BLMC, a locus for profuse wax (bloom) and enhanced cuticular features of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EPICUTICULAR WAX; ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; CUTICLE MEMBRANE; GENE; MAIZE; BIOSYNTHESIS; MUTANTS; MAP AB Sorghum is distinct from other cereal crops due to its ability to produce profuse amount of epicuticular wax (EW or bloom) on its culm and leaves along with less permeable cuticle which are considered to be important traits contributing to abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we report the molecular mapping and characterization of BL OO M-C UTICLE (BLMC), a locus associated with production of profuse wax, using a mutant mapping population developed from a cross between BTx623 (wild type with profuse wax) and KFS2021 (a mutant with greatly reduced wax). The F-2 progenies were genotyped using known and newly developed microsattelite markers to establish a molecular map of BLMC. The locus mapped to a 3.6-centimorgans (cM) interval in the terminal end of sorghum chromosome 10 with flanking markers Xsbarslbk10.47 and Xcup42. Targeted mapping delimited BLMC to as small as 0.7 cM region and facilitated identification of three cosegregating markers with the trait. The BLMC region corresponds to approximately 153,000 bp and candidate genes identified include among others an acyl CoA oxidase (a gene involved in lipid and wax biosynthesis) and seven other putative transcripts. Phenotypic characterization showed that in addition to disrupting the EW production, BLMC mutation reduced culm and leaf cuticle, increased plant death rating in the field at anthesis and significantly reduced the C:28 to C:30 free fatty acid fractions of culm and leaf EW. These results clearly support the important role of BLMC in the expression of profuse wax and enhanced cuticular features of sorghum. Genetic mapping of BLMC opened avenues for identification of genes involved in the cuticle/wax pathway of sorghum and their application for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. C1 [Burow, Gloria B.; Franks, Cleve D.; Xin, Zhanguo] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Burow, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM gloria.burow@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 118 IS 3 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0908-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 396FJ UT WOS:000262577300003 PM 18985313 ER PT J AU Tsilo, TJ Chao, S Jin, Y Anderson, JA AF Tsilo, Toi J. Chao, Shiaoman Jin, Yue Anderson, James A. TI Identification and validation of SSR markers linked to the stem rust resistance gene Sr6 on the short arm of chromosome 2D in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS-TRITICI; F-SP TRITICI; BREAD WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; AESTIVUM L.; D-GENOME; LINES AB The wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr6, present in several wheat cultivars, confers a high level of resistance against a wide range of races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Resistance conferred by Sr6 is influenced by temperature, light intensity, and genetic background of the recipient genotype. Here, we report the identification and validation of molecular markers linked to Sr6 that can be used for the detection of this gene in wheat breeding programs. A mapping population of 136 F(2) plants and their F(2:3) families derived from a cross between near-isogenic lines, 'Chinese Spring' and ISr6-Ra, were screened for stem rust reaction in the seedling stage. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on seedling tests was used to screen 418 SSR markers that covered the entire genome of wheat. Four markers, Xwmc453, Xcfd43, Xcfd77, and Xgwm484, were mapped within a chromosome region that spanned 9.7 cM from Sr6. The closest markers, Xwmc453 and Xcfd43, were linked to Sr6 at a distance of 1.1 and 1.5 cM, respectively. The markers Xwmc453 and Xcfd43 amplified Sr6-specific marker alleles that were diagnostic for Sr6 in a diverse set of 46 wheat accessions and breeding lines developed and/or collected in Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and USA. These markers can now be used for marker-assisted selection of Sr6 and for pyramiding it with other stem rust resistance genes. C1 [Tsilo, Toi J.; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM tsilo001@umn.edu; ander319@umn.edu RI Tsilo, Toi/G-5088-2011 FU Minnesota Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church; Compton International Fellowship; National Research Foundation of South Africa; Department of Science and Technology of South Africa; Agricultural Research Council of South Africa; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Lucille Wanschura for assistance in preparing the stem rust inoculum. Financial support for this work came from the Minnesota Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church, the Compton International Fellowship, National Research Foundation of South Africa, Department of Science and Technology of South Africa, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 118 IS 3 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0917-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 396FJ UT WOS:000262577300011 PM 18985312 ER PT J AU Lin, F Chen, XM AF Lin, F. Chen, X. M. TI Quantitative trait loci for non-race-specific, high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Express SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; BREAD WHEAT; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; YELLOW-RUST; GENE-ACTION; LEAF RUST AB Wheat cultivar Express has durable, high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici). To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance, Express was crossed with 'Avocet Susceptible' (AVS). A mapping population of 146 F(5) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed using single-seed descent. The RILs were evaluated at two sites near Pullman in eastern Washington and one site near Mount Vernon in western Washington in 2005, and were evaluated near Pullman in 2006 under natural stripe rust infection of predominant races virulent on seedlings of Express. Infection type (IT) and disease severity (DS) were recorded three times for each line during each growing season. The DS data were used to calculate relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) values. Both IT and rAUDPC data showed continuous distributions, indicating that the Express HTAP resistance was controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL). Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) techniques were used to map the HTAP resistance QTL. Three QTL were detected with significant additive effects, explaining 49.5-69.6% of the phenotypic variation for rAUDPC. Two of the QTL explained 30.8-42.7% of the phenotypic variation for IT. The three QTL were mapped to wheat chromosomes 6AS, 3BL and 1BL, and were designated as QYrex.wgp-6AS, QYrex.wgp-3BL and QYrex.wgp-1BL, respectively. QYrex.wgp-6AS and QYrex.wgp-3BL, which had higher effects than QYrex.wgp-1BL, were different from previously reported QTL/genes for adult-plant resistance. Markers Xgwm334-Xwgp56 and Xgwm299-Xwgp66 flanking the two major QTL were highly polymorphic in various wheat genotypes, suggesting that these markers are useful in marker-assisted selection. C1 [Lin, F.; Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Vogel Foundation; Washington Wheat Commission [0489]; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Research Center [534822000-010-00D, 13Z-3061-3824, 13C-30613923]; Washington State University, Pullman,USA [WA 99164-6430] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Vogel Foundation, and Washington Wheat Commission. PPNS No. 0489, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Research Center, Projects No. 534822000-010-00D, 13Z-3061-3824, and 13C-30613923, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. We are grateful to D. Wood, L. Penman, and Y. M. Liu for their help in both the field and the greenhouse tests. We acknowledge Drs. R. P. Singh, J. Y. Zhuang, S. C. Wang, and K. L. Richardson, for technical assistance. We thank Drs. R. A. McIntosh and J. Nirmala for critical reviews of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 50 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 118 IS 4 BP 631 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0894-0 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 407VG UT WOS:000263391800001 PM 18815766 ER PT J AU Gustafson, JP Ma, XF Korzun, V Snape, JW AF Gustafson, J. Perry Ma, Xue-Feng Korzun, Viktor Snape, John W. TI A consensus map of rye integrating mapping data from five mapping populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SECALE-CEREALE L.; GENETIC-MAP; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; RFLP; LOCI; MICROSATELLITE; ISOZYME; WHEAT; SSR AB A consensus map of rye (Secale cereale L.) was constructed using JoinMap 2.0 based on mapping data from five different mapping populations, including 'UC90' x 'E-line', 'P87' x 'P105', 'I(0.1)-line' x 'I(0.1)-line', 'E-line' x 'R-line', and 'Ds2' x 'RxL10'. The integration of the five mapping populations resulted in a 779-cM map containing 501 markers with the number of markers per chromosome ranging from 57 on 1R to 86 on 4R. The linkage sizes ranged from 71.5 cM on 2R to 148.7 cM on 4R. A comparison of the individual maps to the consensus map revealed that the linear locus order was generally in good agreement between the various populations, but the 4R orientations were not consistent among the five individual maps. The 4R short arm and long arm assignments were switched between the two population maps involving the 'E-line' parent and the other three individual maps. Map comparisons also indicated that marker order variations exist among the five individual maps. However, the chromosome 5R showed very little marker order variation among the five maps. The consensus map not only integrated the linkage data from different maps, but also greatly increased the map resolution, thus, facilitating molecular breeding activities involving rye and triticale. C1 [Gustafson, J. Perry] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, PGRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ma, Xue-Feng] Ceres Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Korzun, Viktor] KWS LOCHOW GmBH, D-37574 Einbeck, Germany. [Snape, John W.] John Innes Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UJ, Norfolk, England. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, PGRU, 206 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 118 IS 4 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0939-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 407VG UT WOS:000263391800015 PM 19066841 ER PT J AU Drader, T Johnson, K Brueggeman, R Kudrna, D Kleinhofs, A AF Drader, Tom Johnson, Kara Brueggeman, Robert Kudrna, Dave Kleinhofs, Andris TI Genetic and physical mapping of a high recombination region on chromosome 7H(1) in barley SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L; RICE BLAST RESISTANCE; RECESSIVE BYMOVIRUS RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING-SITE; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; LEUCINE-RICH; SPOT BLOTCH; RPG1 REGION AB Approaches utilizing microlinearity between related species allow for the identification of syntenous regions and orthologous genes. Within the barley Chromosome 7H(1) is a region of high recombination flanked by molecular markers cMWG703 and MWG836. We present the constructed physical contigs linked to molecular markers across this region using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) from the cultivar Morex. Barley expressed sequence tags (EST), identified by homology to rice chromosome 6 between the rice molecular markers C425A and S1434, corresponded to the barley syntenous region of Chromosome 7H(1) Bins 2-5 between molecular markers cMWG703-MWG836. Two hundred and thirteen ESTs were genetically mapped yielding 267 loci of which 101 were within the target high recombination region while 166 loci mapped elsewhere. The 101 loci were joined by 43 other genetic markers resulting in a highly saturated genetic map. In order to develop a physical map of the region, ESTs and all other molecular markers were used to identify Morex BAC clones. Seventy-four BAC contigs were formed containing 2-102 clones each with an average of 19 and a median of 13 BAC clones per contig. Comparison of the BAC contigs, generated here, with the Barley Physical Mapping Database contigs, resulted in additional overlaps and a reduction of the contig number to 56. Within cMWG703-MWG836 are 24 agriculturally important traits including the seedling spot blotch resistance locus, Rcs5. Genetic and physical analysis of this region and comparison to rice indicated an inversion distal of the Rcs5 locus. Three BAC clone contigs spanning the Rcs5 locus were identified. C1 [Drader, Tom; Kleinhofs, Andris] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, Kara] Washington State Univ, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kudrna, Dave] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kleinhofs, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tdrader@wsu.edu; andyk@wsu.edu FU College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Sciences Research Center [1205-08]; Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA [0196]; US Barley Genome Project FX This is scientific paper No. 1205-08 from the College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Sciences Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, Project 0196. Research was supported by the US Barley Genome Project. The authors thank Dr Tim Close group for Wngerprinting of the barley BAC clones identified in our laboratory. Data available at (http://phymap.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu:8080/barley/). NR 58 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 118 IS 4 BP 811 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0941-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 407VG UT WOS:000263391800017 PM 19139841 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Perera, O Meredith, WR AF Adamczyk, John J., Jr. Perera, Omaththage Meredith, William R. TI Production of mRNA from the cry1Ac transgene differs among Bollgard(A (R)) lines which correlates to the level of subsequent protein SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Insect-Plant-Protectants (PIP); Genetically-modified organisms (GMO); Real-time PCR ID HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; BT-COTTON; EXPRESSION; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; CULTIVARS; EFFICACY; VARIABILITY; ENDOTOXIN; SURVIVAL AB Commercial cultivars of Bollgard(A (R)) cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., differ in the amount of expressed Cry1Ac protein. However, the plant-mechanism for which this occurs is still unknown. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we developed a method to determine if differences in the overall level of Cry1Ac among Bollgard(A (R)) lines could be correlated to the mRNA transcripts. Our data shows that the cry1Ac mRNA transcript differs among Bollgard(A (R)) lines and are correlated with corresponding Cry1Ac protein levels. In addition, qPCR based methods can efficiently be employed to quantify Cry1Ac protein expression levels in transgenic cotton cultivars. We postulate that qPCR based methods could be successfully employed for quantifying expression levels of transgenes in plants carrying different Bt toxins. C1 [Adamczyk, John J., Jr.] USDA ARS, KSARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Adamczyk, John J., Jr.; Perera, Omaththage] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Meredith, William R.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, KSARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM John.Adamczyk@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11248-008-9198-z PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 395ER UT WOS:000262506900013 PM 18594999 ER PT J AU Ha, W Stanley, CD Mansell, RS Ajwa, HA AF Ha, Wonsook Stanley, Craig D. Mansell, Robert S. Ajwa, Husein A. TI 2-D Simulation of Non-Isothermal Fate and Transport of a Drip-Applied Fumigant in Plastic-Mulched Soil Beds. II. Sensitivity Analysis and Model Application SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Sensitivity analysis; Numerical model; Non-isothermal pesticide transport; Temperature dependence; Methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) AB Temperature dependence of selected parameters was defined and illustrated. The order of sensitivity among tested model parameters (sorption coefficient, K (D); diffusion coefficient, D (g); vapor pressure, P; degradation rate, k; Henry's constant, H) was k > P > K (D) > H > D (g) for 1-day simulations and k > P and K (D) > D (g) > H for 2-day simulations. The most sensitive parameter for both days was k. Mass balance errors were calculated using NRMSE (normalized root mean square error) to evaluate the level of agreement. The numerical model was applied to predict fumigant movement in the soil bed. C1 [Ha, Wonsook] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Stanley, Craig D.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Mansell, Robert S.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ha, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Wonsook.Ha@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 EI 1573-1634 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD FEB PY 2009 VL 76 IS 3 BP 431 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s11242-008-9256-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 403EH UT WOS:000263065400009 ER PT J AU Woodruff, DR Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Johnson, DM AF Woodruff, D. R. Meinzer, F. C. Lachenbruch, B. Johnson, D. M. TI Coordination of leaf structure and gas exchange along a height gradient in a tall conifer SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth limitation; leaf anatomy; mesophyll conductance; photosynthesis; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID CO2 TRANSFER CONDUCTANCE; INCREASING TREE AGE; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER-STRESS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES; CELL ENLARGEMENT; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS AB The gravitational component of water potential and frictional resistance during transpiration lead to substantial reductions in leaf water potential (Psi(1)) near the tops of tall trees, which can influence both leaf growth and physiology. We examined the relationships between morphological features and gas exchange in foliage collected near the tops of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees of different height classes ranging from 5 to 55 m. This sampling allowed us to investigate the effects of tree height on leaf structural characteristics in the absence of potentially confounding factors such as irradiance, temperature, relative humidity and branch length. The use of cut foliage for measurement of intrinsic gas-exchange characteristics allowed identification of height-related trends without the immediate influences of path length and gravity. Stomatal density, needle length, needle width and needle area declined with increasing tree height by 0.70 mm(-2) m(-1), 0.20 mm m(-1), 5.9 x 10(-3) mm m(-1) and 0.012 mm(2) m(-1), respectively. Needle thickness and mesophyll thickness increased with tree height by 4.8 x 10(-2) mm m(-1) and 0.74 mu m m(-1), respectively. Mesophyll conductance (g(m)) and CO(2) assimilation in ambient [CO(2)] (A(amb)) decreased by 1.1 mmol m(-2) s(-1) per m and 0.082 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) per m increase in height, respectively. Mean reductions in g(m) and A(amb) of foliage from 5 to 55 m were 47% and 42%, respectively. The observed trend in A(amb) was associated with g(m), and several leaf anatomic characteristics that are likely to be determined by the prevailing vertical tension gradient during foliar development. A linear increase in foliar delta(13)C values with height (0.042 parts per thousand m(-1)) implied that relative stomatal and mesophyll limitations of photosynthesis in intact shoots increased with height. These data suggest that increasing height leads to both fixed structural constraints on leaf gas exchange and dynamic constraints related to prevailing stomatal behavior. C1 [Woodruff, D. R.; Meinzer, F. C.; Johnson, D. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lachenbruch, B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.woodruff@oregonstate.edu RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station Ecosystem Processes Program FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Ecosystem Processes Program. The authors thank Ken Bible, Mark Creighton, Matt Schroeder and the rest of the staff at the Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility located within the Wind River Experimental Forest, T.T. Munger Research Natural Area. The authors also thank Renee Brooks for advice and suggestions pertaining to stable isotope analyses and Peter Beedlow for help with tree climbing and sample collection. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpn024 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 442NY UT WOS:000265849100011 PM 19203951 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, BM AF Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI How has agriculture influenced the geography and genetics of animal parasites? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; PIG DOMESTICATION; WATER-BUFFALO; ANCIENT DNA; TRICHINELLA; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; EXPANSION AB Have farmers inadvertently promoted the distribution, and limited the diversity, of animal parasites? Abundant and broadly distributed livestock hosts evidently harbor exceptionally uniform populations of Trichinella, Taenia, Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis, indicating a fruitful avenue for future research on how we have influenced parasite evolutionary ecology. C1 Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosenthal, BM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM benjamin.rosenthal@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2008.10.004 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 413DZ UT WOS:000263774400006 PM 19091632 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Adhvaryu, A. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Friction and wear behavior of thioether hydroxy vegetable oil SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Antiwear additive; Ball-on-disk; Epoxidized vegetable oil; Four-ball; Lubricant additive; Sulfur ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; BOUNDARY LUBRICATION COEFFICIENT; LOAD-CARRYING PROPERTIES; DIBENZYL DISULFIDE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; SULPHUR COMPOUNDS; FATTY ESTERS; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; MECHANISM AB This work describes the tribochemical evaluation of vegetable oil based antiwear additive obtained through chemical modi. cation. The Sulfur was incorporated using a chemical reaction of epoxidized vegetable oil and common thiols, resulting in formation of a hydroxy thioether derivative of vegetable oils. The synthesis retains the vegetable oil structure, eliminates poly-unsaturation in the molecule, and adds polar functional groups that significantly improve adsorption on metal surfaces. These additives are obtained by chemical modi. cation of oils originated from natural resources. The tribochemical behavior of sulfur incorporated vegetable oil was studied by measuring friction coefficient using ball-on-disk configuration and wear scar diameter using four-ball configuration. Comparative tests with commercial antiwear additives demonstrate the effectiveness of these derivatives. The derivatives were found useful as agriculturally based antiwear additives for lubricant applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Adhvaryu, A.; Erhan, Sevim Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Adhvaryu, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharma, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brajendra.Sharma@ars.usda.gov; Sevim.Erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2008.07.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 432OH UT WOS:000265143100019 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA van Genuchten, MT Simunek, J Jacques, D Nemes, A Nicholson, TJ Cady, RE AF Guber, A. K. Pachepsky, Ya. A. van Genuchten, M. Th. Simunek, J. Jacques, D. Nemes, A. Nicholson, T. J. Cady, R. E. TI Multimodel Simulation of Water Flow in a Field Soil Using Pedotransfer Functions SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL CLIMATE; BULK-DENSITY; RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MOISTURE RETENTION; FORECASTS; ENSEMBLE; TEXTURE; COMBINATION; PARAMETERS AB Calibration on of variably saturated flow models with field monitoring data is complicated by the strongly nonlinear dependency of the unsaturated flow parameters on the water content. Combining predictions using various independent models, often called multimodel prediction, is becoming a popular modeling technique. The objective of this study was to compare different methods of multimodel simulation of the field soil water regime using pedotransfer functions (PTFs). We solved the Richards flow equation using HYDRUS-1D with parameter sets derived from 19 published PTFs and compared different methods of combining the simulation results from the 19 individual models by (i) using only the best model, (ii) using equal weights, (iii) regressing measured values to the results of the individual models, (iv) using singular-value decomposition (SVD) in the regression, (v) using Bayesian model averaging, and (vi) using weights derived from Akaike criteria. Data on soil water contents and basic soil properties at five depths along a 6-m transect in a layered loamy soil were used to calibrate the Richards equation and to develop the input for the PTFs. The SVD multimodel was the best method, with an accuracy of about 0.01 m(3) m(-3) at the 35-cm depth and about 0.005 m(3) m(-3) at greater depths for 30 d of monitoring and 13 mo of testing. This indicates that multimodeling in combination with monitoring of the soil water regime can be a viable approach to simulating water flow in the vadose zone. C1 [Guber, A. K.; Simunek, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Guber, A. K.; Pachepsky, Ya. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [van Genuchten, M. Th.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dep Mech Engn, COPPE LTTC, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Jacques, D.] CEN SCK, Belgium Nucl Res Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Nemes, A.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Nicholson, T. J.; Cady, R. E.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Andrey.Guber@ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963 FU Model Abstraction Techniques for Soil Water Flow and Transport [RES-02-008] FX The work has been partially supported through the Interagency Agreement RES-02-008, "Model Abstraction Techniques for Soil Water Flow and Transport." NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0144 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 415DS UT WOS:000263915100001 ER PT J AU Perfect, E Pachepsky, Y Martin, MA AF Perfect, E. Pachepsky, Y. Martin, M. A. TI Fractal and Multifractal Models Applied to Porous Media SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONINTEGER DIMENSIONS; SURFACES; SOIL; CHEMISTRY C1 [Perfect, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pachepsky, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Martin, M. A.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Matemat Aplicada, ETSI Agron, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Perfect, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1412 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eperfect@utk.edu RI Martin, Miguel Angel/I-1199-2015; OI Martin, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-9724-5869; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 174 EP 176 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0127 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 415DS UT WOS:000263915100019 ER PT J AU Martinez, FSJ Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ AF San Jose Martinez, F. Pachepsky, Y. A. Rawls, W. J. TI Advective-Dispersive Equation with Spatial Fractional Derivatives Evaluated with Tracer Transport Data SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS; UNDISTURBED SOIL CORES; TIME RANDOM-WALKS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; MODEL SELECTION; COLUMNS; FLOW; REGRESSION AB The classical model used to describe solute transport in soil is based on the advective-dispersive equation (ADE) in which an analog of Fick's law is used to model dispersion. The fractional ADE ( FADE) has been proposed to address discrepancies between experimental solute concentrations and those predicted with the ADE. The order of the fractional derivative or Levy exponent, a, characterizes the deviation of the FADE solutions from the ADE, which is a specific case of the FADE for alpha = 2. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that using the FADE with values of a other than 2 can provide more accurate simulations of solute transport in soils. We fitted the FADE to 47 published data sets on tracer breakthrough in disturbed and undisturbed soil columns. The FADE was solved numerically with a mass-conserving boundary condition. While 19 breakthrough curves were best fitted with the ADE, the rest were fitted better using the FADE with alpha < 2. The RMSEs of the FADE and ADE were close when the FADE alpha was > 1.5. In contrast, the FADE RMSEs were, on average, 1.5 times smaller than the ADE RMSE when the FADE was fitted with alpha < 1.5. The value of a apparently reflected the structure of the void space available for flow and transport. Considered as a generalization of the classical ADE, the FADE can be a useful model if tails of the breakthrough curve are of special interest. C1 [San Jose Martinez, F.] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Dep Appl Math Agron Engn, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Pachepsky, Y. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rawls, W. J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martinez, FSJ (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Dep Appl Math Agron Engn, Avd Complutense S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM fernando.sanjose@upm.es RI San Jose Martinez, Fernando/H-9119-2015; OI San Jose Martinez, Fernando/0000-0002-6352-2530; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain); Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica [AGL07-62648]; UPM (Technical University of Madrid) [Q060245024] FX Fernando San Jose Martinez was supported in part by a grant from the Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain), Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+I) under Ref. AGL07-62648, Spain, and by UPM (Technical University of Madrid), Ref. Q060245024. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0037 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 415DS UT WOS:000263915100028 ER PT J AU Crippen, TL Sheffield, CL Esquivel, SV Droleskey, RE Esquivel, JF AF Crippen, Tawni L. Sheffield, Cynthia L. Esquivel, Sharon V. Droleskey, Robert E. Esquivel, Jesus F. TI The Acquisition and Internalization of Salmonella by the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Lesser mealworm; Darkling beetle; Alphitobius diaperinus; Salmonella; Poultry; Internalize ID RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DARKLING BEETLES; CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; DISEASE VIRUS; POULTRY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; EUBACTERIALES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB In poultry broiler production facilities, it is important to understand the sources and contribution of reservoir populations of pathogens. The lesser mealworm beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is a common pest in poultry litter that is reported to carry pathogens affecting both human and animal health. This study investigates whether the carriage of a bacterial pathogen occurs by the harboring of bacteria internally by these insects. Beetles were exposed to a marker bacterium, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-green fluorescent protein (ST-GFP), at concentrations up to 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu)/mL for 0.5 to 12 h, and then subsequently surface disinfected and dissected. The head, gastrointestinal tract and hemolymph were cultured for the presence of ST-GFP. This study definitively demonstrates the internal carriage of Salmonella by this insect and found that the beetles rapidly acquired bacteria from external sources and harbored the bacteria within their alimentary canal after exposure for 30 min at 10(4) cfu/mL and within the hemolymph after exposure for 2 h at 10(6) cfu/mL. Beetles internalized an average of 9.5 X 10(1) and 3.2 X 10(3) after a 2-h exposure to 2 X 10(4) and 2 X 10(6) cfu/mL, respectively. The lesser mealworm is a serious pest within the poultry brooder and laying industry and because of their mobility, voracious feeding habits, and prey potential may represent an active source facilitating the dissemination of Salmonella. C1 [Crippen, Tawni L.; Sheffield, Cynthia L.; Droleskey, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Esquivel, Sharon V.; Esquivel, Jesus F.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Crippen, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tc.crippen@ars-usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0103 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 407SY UT WOS:000263385800008 PM 18803502 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL AF Harrison, Robert L. TI Genomic sequence analysis of the Illinois strain of the Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Baculovirus; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Agrotis ipsilon; Black cutworm; AgipMNPV; Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; SINGLE NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; POMONELLA GRANULOVIRUS GENOME; BLACK CUTWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; CELL-LINES; ANTHERAEA-PERNYI AB The Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipMNPV) is a group II nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) from the black cutworm, A. ipsilon, with potential as a biopesticide to control infestations of cutworm larvae. The genome of the Illinois strain of AgipMNPV was completely sequenced. The AgipMNPV genome was 155,122 nt in size and contained 163 open reading frames (ORFs), including 61 ORFs found among all lepidopteran baculoviruses sequenced to date. Phylogenetic inference placed AgipMNPV in a clade with group II NPVs isolated from larvae of Agrotis and Spodoptera species. Though closely related to the Agrotis segetum NPV (AgseNPV), AgipMNPV was found to be missing 15 ORFs present in the AgseNPV genome sequence, including two of the three AgseNPV enhancin genes. Remarkably few polymorphisms were identified in the AgipMNPV sequence even though an uncloned field isolate of this virus was sequenced. A genotype characterized by a 128-bp deletion in the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) was identified in the AgipMNPV field isolate and among clonal isolates of AgipMNPV. The deletion in egt was not associated with differences in budded virus or occluded virus production among AgipMNPV clones in cell culture. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014 NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s11262-008-0297-y PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 393XF UT WOS:000262409100020 PM 19015970 ER PT J AU Shephard, GS Berthiller, F Dorner, J Krska, R Lombaert, GA Malone, B Maragos, C Sabino, M Solfrizzo, M Trucksess, MW van Egmond, HP Whitaker, TB AF Shephard, G. S. Berthiller, F. Dorner, J. Krska, R. Lombaert, G. A. Malone, B. Maragos, C. Sabino, M. Solfrizzo, M. Trucksess, M. W. van Egmond, H. P. Whitaker, T. B. TI Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2007-2008 SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Alternaria toxins; cyclopiazonic acid; ergot; fumonisin; ochratoxin; patulin; trichothecenes; zearalenone; sampling ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; MACROCYCLIC LACTONE MYCOTOXINS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; NOVASIL CLAY INTERVENTION; ISOTOPE DILUTION ANALYSIS; APPLE-BASED PRODUCTS; MAIZE FLOUR SAMPLES; CORN-BASED FOOD AB This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2007 and mid-2008. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Some aspects of natural occurrence, particularly if linked to novel aspects of analytical methods, are also included. The review demonstrates the rise of LC-MS methods, the continuing interest in developing alternative and rapid methods and the modification of well-established mycotoxin analytical methods by individual laboratories to meet their own requirements. C1 [Shephard, G. S.] MRC, PROMEC Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Berthiller, F.; Krska, R.] Univ Bodenkultur Wien, Ctr Analyt Chem, Dept Agrobiotechnol IFA Tulln, Christian Doppler Lab Mycotoxin Res, A-3430 Tulln, Austria. [Dorner, J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. [Lombaert, G. A.] Hlth Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2J 3Y1, Canada. [Malone, B.] Tril Analyt Lab, Washington, MO 63090 USA. [Maragos, C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sabino, M.] Adolfo Lutz Inst, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Solfrizzo, M.] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-700126 Bari, Italy. [Trucksess, M. W.] US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [van Egmond, H. P.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Food & Residue Anal ARO, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Whitaker, T. B.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shephard, GS (reprint author), MRC, PROMEC Unit, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. EM gordon.shephard@mrc.ac.za OI Shephard, Gordon Seymour/0000-0002-1267-9036 NR 178 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 EI 1875-0796 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.1095 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WT UT WOS:000282995300002 ER PT J AU Weaver, MA Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD Zablotowicz, RM AF Weaver, M. A. Hoagland, R. E. Boyette, C. D. Zablotowicz, R. M. TI Macrocyclic trichothecene production and sporulation by a biological control strain of Myrothecium verrucaria is regulated by cultural conditions SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; verrucarin A; trichothecenes; secondary metabolism ID FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOHERBICIDE; GLYPHOSATE; ISOLATE; FLAVUS AB Myrothecium verrucaria is a pathogen of several invasive weed species, including kudzu, and is currently being evaluated for use as a bioherbicide. However, the fungus also produces macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins. The safety of this biological control agent during production and handling would be improved if an inoculum could be produced without concomitant accumulation of macrocyclic trichothecenes. Sporulation and trichothecene production by M. verrucaria was evaluated on standard potato dextrose agar (PDA) and a series of complex and defined media. Sporulation on PDA and on agar media with nitrogen as ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate was more than ten-fold greater then sporulation on the medium with ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source. Accumulation of macrocyclic trichothecenes was strongly affected by the media composition, with higher levels often associated with higher carbon content in the media. Overall, incubation in continuous darkness resulted in higher macrocyclic trichothecene concentrations. Results support the hypothesis that accumulation of macrocyclic trichothecenes by this fungus can be altered by manipulating carbon and nitrogen sources. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins may be independent of sporulation, demonstrating that the bioherbicide can be readily produced on solid substrates while simultaneously yielding conidia that are less threatening to worker safety. A more detailed implementation of the concepts demonstrated in this study will facilitate the safe and economical production of this bioherbicide. C1 [Weaver, M. A.; Hoagland, R. E.; Boyette, C. D.; Zablotowicz, R. M.] ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mark.weaver@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.1026 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WT UT WOS:000282995300005 ER PT J AU Toyofuku, N Schatzki, TF Ong, MS AF Toyofuku, N. Schatzki, T. F. Ong, M. S. TI Distribution of aflatoxin in non-irrigated peanuts SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; peanuts; distribution; single-kernel; probability density ID PISTACHIOS; LOTS AB The aflatoxin B(1) and total aflatoxin distribution in Georgia Green peanuts has been measured. Sample distributions were measured in approximately 400 small samples each of jumbo, medium and small other kernels sublots, containing 20, 10, and 5 kernels, respectively. Results were converted to single kernel probability density distributions, p(c), using methods previously published. This constitutes the first direct small sample experimental establishment of p(c) in USA peanuts. All three sublots show evidence in the single kernel probability density of peaks at about concentrations of 10(5) and 5x10(3) ng/g, and a partial peak at a concentration <5x10(2) ng/g. The first and last of these are similar to peaks seen in tree nuts. C1 [Toyofuku, N.; Schatzki, T. F.; Ong, M. S.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Toyofuku, N (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM natsuko.toyofuku@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.1067 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WT UT WOS:000282995300009 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, C. M. TI Photolysis of cyclopiazonic acid to fluorescent products SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cyclopiazonic acid; aflatoxin; fluorescence; photolysis; chromatography ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; CORN; ASPERGILLUS; AFLATOXIN; PEANUTS; ANTIBODIES; SAMPLES AB Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is a mycotoxin produced by some of the same species of fungi that produce the more widely known aflatoxins. As a consequence it has been found previously that CPA and the aflatoxins may co-occur in commodities under certain conditions. CPA, which is a substituted indole, has a chromophore with absorptions in the ultraviolet (UV) region (223 nm, 278 nm). Quantification of CPA is commonly accomplished by liquid chromatographic separation followed by detection of one of the UV absorbances. CPA has not previously been described as fluorescent, and it likely is not. However, herein we report that, following exposure to high intensity UV light in a photochemical reactor, fluorescent products of CPA are produced. In methanol or aqueous acetonitrile these products have an excitation maximum of 372 nm and an emission maximum of 462 nm. Upon exposure to UV light for extended periods a decrease in the absorbance of CPA at 223 nm and 278 nm and a concomitant increase in fluorescence was observed. CPA and aflatoxin B(1) were separated by reverse-phase liquid chromatography and the eluant was subjected to post-column photolysis, which allowed the fluorescence detection of both toxins. The ability to photolyse CPA and detect this toxin by fluorescence may open up new avenues for determination of this mycotoxin alone or together with the aflatoxins. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.1088 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WT UT WOS:000282995300010 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, DC Bohnert, DW AF Ganskopp, David C. Bohnert, David W. TI Landscape nutritional patterns and cattle distribution in rangeland pastures SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Range management; Grazing behaviour; Forage selection; Standing crop ID GREAT-BASIN GRASSES; GRAZING DISTRIBUTION; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; FOOTHILL RANGELAND; FERAL HORSES; BEEF-CATTLE; SELECTION; FORAGE; LIVESTOCK; MECHANISMS AB On rangelands, uneven or unmanaged livestock distribution can adversely affect plant community composition, riparian function, or displace wildlife. These issues have historic precedents and are still a challenge for those managing rangelands. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms governing livestock distribution can help land and livestock managers avoid or ameliorate many deleterious effects. To that end, this research tested hypotheses that grazing cattle seek nutritionally superior portions of rangeland pastures. Global positioning system (GPS) collars were used to track cattle movement and activity in three, 800+ ha pastures where the spatial distribution of standing crop, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and forage digestibility (in situ dry matter disappearance (ISDMD)) were mapped in late spring. Four of five analyses implied grazing cattle spatially responded to forage quantity/quality attributes. Analyses indicated cattle favored higher than average CP (P = 0.006) and ISDMD (P = 0.078), and lower than average NDF (P = 0.003) and standing crop (P = 0.069) locales. No significant effect (P = 0.954) occurred with ADF analyses. Correlations among those variables imply cattle may simultaneously respond to more than one nutritional attribute as they select foraging locales. Stepwise regression, however, relating grazing distribution to geophysical and forage quantity/quality characteristics were extremely poor predictors of where cattle grazed. Listed in order of entry, the model implied elevation above or below stock water, horizontal distance to stock water, forage CP content, and degree of slope were the site specific attributes most associated with cattle distribution. We speculate that cattle interactions with landscape level nutritional dynamics may at least partially explain seasonal changes in distribution and forage use by cattle across the landscape. These findings should help land and livestock managers understand, explain, and manipulate livestock distribution on their holdings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ganskopp, David C.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Bohnert, David W.] Oregon State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Ganskopp, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM david.ganskopp@oregonstate.edu NR 59 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 116 IS 2-4 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.10.006 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 398NQ UT WOS:000262739200002 ER PT J AU Ostry, ME Anderson, NA AF Ostry, M. E. Anderson, N. A. TI Genetics and ecology of the Entoleuca mammata-Populus pathosystem: Implications for aspen improvement and management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Hypoxylon canker; Disease resistance; Populus tremuloides ID INTERACTING ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; HYPOXYLON CANKER INCIDENCE; TREMBLING ASPEN; SAPERDA-INORNATA; QUAKING ASPEN; TREMULOIDES CLONES; INFECTION SITES; TISSUE-CULTURE; CONIDIAL STAGE; H-MAMMATUM AB Quaking aspen is damaged and killed by many pathogens but throughout most of its range Entoleuca mammata, the cause of Hypoxylon canker is the most serious. Hypoxylon canker has been the subject of study for over 85 years, yet gaps in our understanding of this disease remain and practical control measures for existing stands are lacking. Numerous interacting host and pathogen factors have complicated investigations and have resulted in conflicting results among researchers. This synthesis of the literature examines our knowledge of the genetics of the host and pathogen and the biology of the disease. Regenerating dense stands and selecting superior, disease resistant clones with pre-infection resistance mechanisms based on long-term field trials are strategies most likely to be effective in minimizing losses caused by this disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ostry, M. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Anderson, N. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1561 Lindig Ave, St Paul, MN USA. EM mostry@fs.fed.us NR 134 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 2 BP 390 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.053 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386YQ UT WOS:000261918900002 ER PT J AU King, DI Chandler, RB Schlossberg, S Chandler, CC AF King, David I. Chandler, Richard B. Schlossberg, Scott Chandler, Carlin C. TI Habitat use and nest success of scrub-shrub birds in wildlife and silvicultural openings in western Massachusetts, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Early-successional; Forestry; Invasive plants; Management; Shrubland; Silviculture ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; INDUSTRIAL FOREST; OF-WAYS; SONGBIRD; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; CLEARCUTS; DIVERSITY AB Many conservationists are concerned about reports of declining populations of scrub-shrub birds. Wildlife opening management, involving repeatedly burning or mechanically treating early-successional stands, is one strategy for creating habitat for these species, but this practice is costly. Some silvicultural treatments also create scrub-shrub habitat and have the advantage of potentially generating revenue, but the relative effectiveness of wildlife opening management and silviculture for creating bird habitat is not known. During 2004 and 2005, we compared scrub-shrub bird abundance, nest success, and habitat characteristics between wildlife and silvicultural openings in western Massachusetts to determine whether the habitats created by these practices are equivalent for birds. We recorded 1927 detections of 31 scrub-shrub bird species during the course of the study and monitored 368 nests. We found that although most species were present in both treatments, many differed in abundance between wildlife and silvicultural openings, including several species of high conservation concern. These differences were attributable to differences in habitat characteristics between treatments. The overall probability of a nest surviving to fledging was 0.43, and did not differ between wildlife and silvicultural openings. Our results indicate that the habitat quality of wildlife and silvicultural openings is not equivalent for scrub-shrub birds, but the two management approaches serve as complementary strategies for maintaining these declining species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.; Schlossberg, Scott; Chandler, Carlin C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 2 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.014 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386YQ UT WOS:000261918900005 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. TI Habitat associations of saproxylic beetles in the southeastern United States: A comparison of forest types, tree species and wood postures SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Coarse woody debris; Dead wood; Forest canopy; Resource partitioning; Vertical stratification ID DEAD WOOD; BOREAL FOREST; COLEOPTERA; COARSE; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; DEBRIS; FIRES AB Saproxylic beetles are highly sensitive to forest management practices that reduce the abundance and variety of dead wood. However, this diverse fauna continues to receive little attention in the southeastern United States even though this region supports some of the most diverse, productive and intensively managed forests in North America. In this replicated three-way factorial experiment, we investigated the habitat associations of saproxylic beetles on the coastal plain of South Carolina. The factors of interest were forest type (upland pine-dominated vs. bottomland hardwood), tree species (Quercus nigra L., Pinus taeda L and Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and wood posture (standing and downed dead wood, i.e., snags and logs). Wood samples were taken at four positions along each log and snag (lower bole, middle bole, upper bole and crown) similar to 11 months after the trees were killed and placed in rearing bags to collect emerging beetles. Overall, 33,457 specimens from 52 families and >= 250 species emerged. Based on an analysis of covariance, with surface area and bark coverage as covariates. saproxylic beetle species richness differed significantly between forest types as well as between wood postures. There were no significant interactions. Species richness was significantly higher in the upland pine-dominated stand than the bottomland hardwood forest, possibly due to higher light exposure and temperature in upland forests. Although L styraciflua yielded more beetle species (152) than either Q nigra (122) or P. taeda (125), there were no significant differences in species richness among tree species. There were also no relationships evident between relative tree abundance and observed or expected beetle species richness, Significantly more beetle species emerged from logs than from snags. However snags had a distinct fauna including several potential canopy specialists. Our results suggest that conservation practices that retain or create entire snags as opposed to high stumps or logs alone will most greatly benefit saproxylic beetles in southeastern forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Hanula, James L.] USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI0900SR22188] FX We wish to thank Scott Horn and Mike Cody for assisting with field work, Bob Rabaglia and Alexey Tishechkin for identifying scolytines and histerids, respectively, and Cecil Smith and Mike Thomas for their assistance and hospitality during visits to the Georgia Museum of Natural History and the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, respectively. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI0900SR22188. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 2 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.047 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386YQ UT WOS:000261918900031 ER PT J AU Weishampel, P Kolka, R King, JY AF Weishampel, Peter Kolka, Randall King, Jennifer Y. TI Carbon pools and productivity in a 1-km(2) heterogeneous forest and peatland mosaic in Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Northern forests; Peatlands; Net primary production ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; BLACK SPRUCE; PINE FORESTS; LAKE STATES; JACK PINE; BIOMASS; BOG; WISCONSIN; ASPEN AB Determining the magnitude of carbon (C) storage in forests and peatlands is an important step towards predicting how regional carbon balance will respond to climate change. However, spatial heterogeneity of dominant forest and peatland cover types can inhibit accurate C storage estimates. We evaluated ecosystem C pools and productivity in the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF), in northern Minnesota, USA, using a network of plots that were evenly spaced across a heterogeneous 1-km(2) mosaic composed of a mix of upland forests and peatlands. Using a nested plot design, we estimated the standing C stock of vegetation, coarse detrital wood and soil pools. We also estimated aboveground net primary production (ANPP) as well as coarse root production. Additionally we evaluated how vegetation cover types within the study area differed in C storage. The total ecosystem C pool did not vary significantly among upland areas dominated by aspen (160 +/- 13 Mg C ha(-1)), mixed hardwoods (153 +/- 19 Mg C ha(-1)), and conifers (197 +/- 23 Mg C ha(-1)). Live vegetation accounted for approximately 50% of the total ecosystem C pool in these upland areas, and soil (including forest floor) accounted for another 35-40%, with remaining C stored as detrital wood. Compared to upland areas, total C stored in peatlands was much greater, 1286 +/- 125 Mg C ha(-1), with 90-99% of that C found in peat soils that ranged from 1 to 5 m in depth. Forested areas ranged from 2.6 to 2.9 Mg C ha(-1) in ANPP, which was highest in conifer-dominated upland areas. In alder-dominated and black spruce-dominated peatland areas, ANPP averaged 2.8 Mg C ha(-1), and in open peatlands, ANPP averaged 1.5 Mg C ha(-1). In treed areas of forest and peatlands, our estimates of coarse root production ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 Mg C ha(-1). Despite the lower production in open peatlands, all peatlands have acted as long-term C sinks over hundreds to thousands of years and store significantly more C per unit area than is stored in uplands. Despite occupying only 13% of our study area, peatlands store almost 50% of the C contained within it. Because C storage in peatlands depends largely on climatic drivers, the impact of climate changes on peatlands may have important ramifications for C budgets of the western Great Lakes region. C1 [Weishampel, Peter; King, Jennifer Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [King, Jennifer Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kolka, Randall] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Weishampel, P (reprint author), Northland Coll, Box 108,1411 Ellis Ave, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM pweishampel@northland.edu RI King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952 FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Global Change; NASA Carbon Cycle Science FX Brock Anderson, Nick Baldauf, Wes Cochran, Jared Froelich, Josh Gager, Donna Olson, Megan Taylor, Margaret Ward, and Melissa Zeckmeister provided valuable help in plot establishment, field data collection, and laboratory analyses. Ebrahim Abdela and Josh Gager provided unpublished vegetation cover data and a cover map of our study area. John Bradford offered advice on various aspects of data analysis. This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Forest Service Northern Global Change program and NASA Carbon Cycle Science research program. Dave Grigal and two anonymous reviewers provided insight that helped improve manuscript drafts. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 2 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.008 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386YQ UT WOS:000261918900041 ER PT J AU Ponder, F Tadros, M Loewenstein, EF AF Ponder, Felix, Jr. Tadros, Mahasin Loewenstein, Edward F. TI Microbial properties and litter and soil nutrients after two prescribed fires in developing savannas in an upland Missouri Ozark Forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Disturbance/fire; Belowground systems; Forest vegetation management; Savanna development ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; OAK-HICKORY FOREST; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BACTERIA; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENTS; COEXISTENCE; BIOMARKERS; INSIGHTS; GROWTH AB On some landscapes periodic fire may be necessary to develop and maintain oak-dominated savannas. We studied the effects of two annual prescribed burns to determine their effect on microbial activity and soil and litter nutrients 1 year after the last burn. Surface litter and soil from the upper 0-5 cm soil layer in three developing savannas (oak-hickory, Quercus-Carya), oak-hickory-pine (Quercus-Carya-Pinus), and pine (Pinus) were collected one year after the second of two annual prescribed burns. Surface litter was analyzed for nutrients and soil was analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and nutrients. Surface litter chemistry differed across the three savannas for potassium (K) and boron (13), being significantly (P < 0.05) higher for unburned forest than for burned forest. Among savannas, only sulfur (S) was higher for the pine savanna and B for the oak-hickory savanna, both were higher for unburned forest than for burned forest. For soil, calcium (Ca) and B differed across savannas, being higher for burned forest than for unburned forest. Among savannas, soil pH, Ca, and B concentrations were higher in soil from burned forest than from unburned forest. Total PLFA differed among savannas, but was not affected by burning treatments. However, the amounts of biomarkers for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were higher while the amount of biomarker for fungal PLFA was lower for burned forest than for unburned forest. Our results indicate that the two annual prescribed burns moderately affected PLFA microbial community structure and litter and soil nutrient concentrations. However, the long-term effects of fire on these study sites are not known and merit further study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ponder, Felix, Jr.] Lincoln Univ, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. [Tadros, Mahasin] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Loewenstein, Edward F.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. EM fponder@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 2 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.009 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386YQ UT WOS:000261918900042 ER PT J AU Xia, XD Zhao, SH Smith, A McEvoy, J Meng, JH Bhagwat, AA AF Xia, Xiaodong Zhao, Shaohua Smith, Allen McEvoy, James Meng, Jianghong Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Characterization of Salmonella isolates from retail foods based on serotyping, pulse field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); DNA fingerprinting; Food-borne pathogens ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; ACID RESISTANCE; ENTERITIDIS; CELLS; TOLERANCE; VIRULENT; RPOS AB Sixteen Salmonella strains isolated from a variety of foods during 2000 and 2003 by the Florida State Department of Agriculture were characterized by various genotypic and phenotypic tests. Among 16 isolates, 15 different serotypes were identified. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprinting profiles obtained using restriction endonucleases XbaI and BlnI revealed that 16 Salmonella isolates were genetically diverse with 16 unique PFGE patterns. The PFGE pattern of eight isolates matched with the CDC/FDA data base of previous outbreaks and clinical isolates indicating their potential to cause disease. With the exception of isolates obtained from alligator meat (tetracycline resistant) and orange juice (chloramphenicol and sulfisoxazole resistant), the remainder of the isolates were susceptible to the panel of 15 antimicrobials tested. Molecular subtyping was further complimented by a variety of phenotypic tests such as acid-tolerance, Caco-2 cell invasion and biofilm formation which have often been used as a gauge of virulence and infection potential of Salmonella isolates. The induced acid tolerance level of the isolate obtained from orange juice was not significantly different from the laboratory reference strain S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344. Six isolates exhibited very low levels of constitutive acid-tolerance, of which four isolates failed to infect differentiated Caco-2 cells. Although all isolates formed biofilms, there was no clear relation between the ability to form biofilms, infect differentiated Caco-2 cells and induce acid-tolerance. This study indicated that different serotypes of Salmonella were present in a variety of retail foods and exhibited diverse phenotypic characteristics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xia, Xiaodong; McEvoy, James; Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Allen] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhao, Shaohua] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Xia, Xiaodong; Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 129 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.11.007 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 404IW UT WOS:000263146000016 PM 19068272 ER PT J AU Joung, JG Fei, ZJ AF Joung, Je-Gun Fei, Zhangjun TI Computational identification of condition-specific miRNA targets based on gene expression profiles and sequence information SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article CT 9th Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference CY JAN 13-16, 2009 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Tsinghua Univ ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICRORNA TARGETS; SMALL RNAS; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION; BIOGENESIS; GENOMICS; PLANTS; SIRNA AB Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and noncoding RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes. They regulate target mRNAs post-transcriptionally through complementary base pairing. Since the changes of miRNAs affect the expression of target genes, the expression levels of target genes in specific biological processes could be different from those of non-target genes. Here we demonstrate that gene expression profiles contain useful information in separating miRNA targets from non-targets. Results: The gene expression profiles related to various developmental processes and stresses, as well as the sequences of miRNAs and mRNAs in Arabidopsis, were used to determine whether a given gene is a miRNA target. It is based on the model combining the support vector machine (SVM) classifier and the scoring method based on complementary base pairing between miRNAs and mRNAs. The proposed model yielded low false positive rate and retrieved condition-specific candidate targets through a genome-wide screening. Conclusion: Our approach provides a novel framework into screening target genes by considering the gene regulation of miRNAs. It can be broadly applied to identify condition-specific targets computationally by embedding information of gene expression profiles. C1 [Joung, Je-Gun; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jj294@cornell.edu; zf25@cornell.edu OI Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 10 AR S34 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-10-S1-S34 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 439BN UT WOS:000265601900034 PM 19208135 ER PT J AU Inamdar, AK French, A AF Inamdar, Anand K. French, Andrew TI Disaggregation of GOES land surface temperatures using surface emissivity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEX; SPACE AB Accurate temporal and spatial estimation of land surface temperatures (LST) is important for modeling the hydrological cycle at field to global scales because LSTs can improve estimates of soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Using remote sensing satellites, accurate LSTs could be routine, but unfortunately the only instruments available to provide diurnal cycle observations have coarse spatial resolution (4 km). One approach that may help overcome the spatial resolution constraint is to disaggregate geostationary LST data using visible to thermal infrared information provided by single time of day MODIS 1 km observations. These higher-resolution observations are correlative with observations at 4-km scales, and thus can be used to estimate 1-km LST values throughout a day. Inamdar et al 2008, for example, showed how GOES 10 imager and MODIS data could be combined to produce accurate half- hourly, 1-km LST values. However, the method disaggregated coarse LST values using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and was sometimes highly inaccurate when considering heterogeneous terrain. This problem can be greatly reduced with an alternative approach, whereby MODIS land cover emissivity data sets supply the needed 1-km information. In a study of LST estimation over the US Southwest, diurnal disaggregation models using emissivity data were significantly more accurate than a comparable NDVI-based model. This alternative approach which directly employs 8-day composites of MODIS 1 km emissivity is a simple and fast method. Citation: Inamdar, A. K., and A. French (2009), Disaggregation of GOES land surface temperatures using surface emissivity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02408, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036544. C1 [Inamdar, Anand K.; French, Andrew] USDA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Inamdar, AK (reprint author), USDA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM anand.inamdar@ars.usda.gov FU NASA [EOS/03-0057-0459] FX This research was supported by NASA grant EOS/03-0057-0459. ARM data were made available through the U. S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. SURFRAD data is made available through NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory/Surface Radiation Research Branch. The authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions which helped to improve the paper. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L02408 DI 10.1029/2008GL036544 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401ZB UT WOS:000262982000005 ER PT J AU Appell, M Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Kendra, DF AF Appell, Michael Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann Kendra, David F. TI Comparative study of patulin, ascladiol, and neopatulin by density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Density functional theory; Conformational analysis; Mycotoxin; Patulin ID PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; ENERGIES; QUANTITATION; GEOMETRIES; COMPLEXES AB Patulin, a secondary metabolite produced by several fungal species, is a potential contaminant of fruit and vegetable products. To better understand the structure and electronic properties of this mycotoxin and its biosynthetic precursors, a density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on conformations of patulin, ascladiol, and neopatulin. Geometry optimization and transition state calculations were carried out using the three parameter B3LYP functional at the 6-311++G** level of theory. Both aqueous solvation studies using a continuum solvation model and in vacuo calculations resulted in several geometry optimized conformations of patulin within a range 2 kcal/mol. One conformation for each enantiomer was preferred by similar to 1 kcal/mol over the other geometry optimized conformations considered. Similar results were found for neopatulin. Multiple conformations of ascladiol possessed favorable intramolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The B3LYP/6-311++G** results are in agreement with experimentally observed crystallographic data for patulin, and suggest several conformations may be important for structure-activity studies of this mycotoxin and its precursors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Appell, Michael; Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann; Kendra, David F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Appell, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Michael.Appell@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 894 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.09.028 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 398BZ UT WOS:000262707600005 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Phillips, JG AF Garcia, Rafael A. Phillips, John G. TI Physical distribution and characteristics of meat and bone meal protein SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE meat and bone meal; protein isolate; characterization; non-food application; collagen ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; CO2-PRECIPITATED CASEIN; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ALPHA CHAINS; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCTION; NITROGEN; COLLAGEN AB BACKGROUND: Use of meat and bone meal (MBM) in animal feed has been progressively restricted. Production of an MBM protein isolate would facilitate the development of new applications. Rational design of a process to produce such an isolate requires knowledge of MBM protein distribution and characteristics. RESULTS: MBM consists of varying proportions of bone and soft tissue particles, but the soft tissue particles contain > 80% of the protein. Under mild conditions only a small portion of MBM protein can be solubilized; the most aggressive non-hydrolytic conditions fail to solubilize > 55% of the protein. Amino acid analysis reveals that collagen accounts for approximately 17% of the protein in soft tissue particles and 26% of that in bone particles. The extractable fractions of MBM protein are highly polydisperse and have weight-average molecular masses of 71.1-86.7 kDa. CONCLUSION: MBM protein is a challenging substance to utilize functionally, largely due to its low solubility and intermingling with non-protein substances. Results suggest that production of an MBM protein isolate will have to incorporate limited hydrolysis. Published 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Garcia, Rafael A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Phillips, John G.] ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area Off, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rafael.Garcia@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3453 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 393ZA UT WOS:000262413800022 ER PT J AU Manley, PN Parks, SA Campbell, LA Schlesinger, MD AF Manley, Patricia N. Parks, Sean A. Campbell, Lori A. Schlesinger, Matthew D. TI Modeling urban land development as a continuum to address fine-grained habitat heterogeneity SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Landscape analysis; Biodiversity conservation; Lake Tahoe; California spotted owl; Montane forest; Urbanization ID LANDSCAPE; GRADIENT; URBANIZATION; COVER; USA; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; COLORADO; ARIZONA AB Natural landscapes are increasingly subjected to impacts associated With urbanization, resulting in loss and degradation of native ecosystems and biodiversity. Traditional classification approaches to the characterization of urbanization may prove inadequate in some human-modified landscapes where complex and unique combinations of conditions can make classification and delineation of patches difficult. We describe a model that depicts existing human development as a fine-grained continuous Variable using parcel-based land Use data and transportation networks. We derived percent development Values across Our 88 000-ha Study area, the Lake Tahoe basin. Our modeled Values were highly correlated with observed levels of development based on high-resolution aerial photographs, We demonstrate how Our model of development can be used to address Practical conservation questions by evaluating the potential effects of highly interspersed urban land development and wildland conditions on the amount and availability of habitat Suitable for the resident California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) at two points in time (Current and 40 years in the future). The results indicated that assessments not accounting for the indirect effects of development may overestimate the amount of available habitat by 19-83%. Portraying urbanization as a continuum across entire landscapes Captured fine-grained landscape complexity at scales that were relevant to the habitat needs and environmental sensitivities of a species of conservation interest. This relatively simple approach should aid ecologists and landscape planners in evaluating the Current Or future effects Of urbanization on ecological elements and processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Manley, Patricia N.; Parks, Sean A.; Campbell, Lori A.; Schlesinger, Matthew D.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Schlesinger, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schlesinger, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Manley, PN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM pmanley@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.09.005 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 399WL UT WOS:000262829900005 ER PT J AU White, EM Morzillo, AT Alig, RJ AF White, Eric M. Morzillo, Anita T. Alig, Ralph J. TI Past and projected rural land conversion in the US at state, regional, and national levels SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Land use; Urbanization; Modeling; Projections; Resources Planning Act ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; POPULATION-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POLICY IMPLICATIONS; COMPARING STATES; OPEN SPACE; FOREST; URBANIZATION; MANAGEMENT AB The developed land area of the US increased by 14.2 million hectares between 1982 and 2003. Along with a projected US population increase to more than 360 million individuals by 2030 is an expected continuation of expanding rural land development. Related to population growth, rural land development and the associated loss of rural open space are expected to have a number of social, economic, and ecological implications. To gain greater insight into land development patterns, we used US Census Bureau and National Resources Inventory data to quantify per-housing-Unit rates of land development during recent decades and to model future land development to 2030 for states and regions in the US. Based on these data, 0.50 ha of additional and were developed for each additional housing unit in the US. The numbers of hectares of newly developed land per additional housing unit were greatest in the South Central and Great Plains regions and least in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain regions of the country. Combining population projections and trends in people per housing unit with development indices, we projected that developed area in the US will increase by 22 million hectares between 2003 and 2030. with the greatest absolute increases projected to occur in the Southeast and South Central regions of the US. We used sensitivity analysis to examine the impacts of changes in population migration patterns and per housing unit development patterns on increases in projected developed area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Eric M.; Alig, Ralph J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Morzillo, Anita T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP White, EM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM emwhite@fs.fed.us; morzillo.anita@epa.gov; ralig@fs.fed.us FU US Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Forest Service FX We thank Scott Bearer, Jeff Kline, and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the USDA Forest Service. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number WED-08-107 of the Western Ecology Division. NR 65 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.09.004 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 399WL UT WOS:000262829900006 ER PT J AU Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS AF Prathapan, K. D. Konstantinov, A. S. TI Descriptions of eight new species of Phaelota (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with a new generic synonymy and a key to species of Indian subcontinent SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Phaelota; Thrylaea; new synonym; new species; Indian subcontinent; apterism; host plant selection ID JACOBY COLEOPTERA; FLEA BEETLES; GENUS AB Six new species of Phaelota Jacoby from India viz. P. assamensis, P. kottigehara, P. maculipennis, P. mauliki, P. saluki, and P. viridipennis and two new species from Sri Lanka viz. P. ogloblini and P. schereri are described and illustrated. Thrylaea Jacoby is treated as a new junior synonym of Phaelota. A lectotype for Phaelota variabilis (Jacoby) is designated and the species is removed from the synonyms of P. flavipennis (Motschulsky). The consequences of loss of flight on host plant selection in Phaelota are discussed and a key to the species of the Indian subcontinent is provided. C1 [Prathapan, K. D.] Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. [Konstantinov, A. S.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Prathapan, KD (reprint author), Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Vellayani PO, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. EM prathapankd@gmail.com; akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 30 PY 2009 IS 1991 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 415GW UT WOS:000263923300001 ER PT J AU Evans, GA Watson, GW Miller, DR AF Evans, Gregory A. Watson, Gillian W. Miller, Douglass R. TI A new species of armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) found on avocado fruit from Mexico and a key to the species of armored scales found on avocado worldwide SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Pest; Persea americana; quarantine; taxonomy; regulatory; invasive species AB A new species of armored scale, Abgrallaspis aguacatae Evans, Watson, and Miller spec. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens collected on avocado fruit from Mexico. This species has caused considerable concern as a quarantine issue in the United States. A key to the armored scale species known to feed on avocado worldwide is provided. C1 [Evans, Gregory A.] USDA APHIS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Watson, Gillian W.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Miller, Douglass R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, GA (reprint author), USDA APHIS, BARC W, Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gregory.A.Evans@usda.gov; gwatson@cdfa.ca.gov; douglass.miller@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 30 PY 2009 IS 1991 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 415GW UT WOS:000263923300005 ER PT J AU Paterson, AH Bowers, JE Bruggmann, R Dubchak, I Grimwood, J Gundlach, H Haberer, G Hellsten, U Mitros, T Poliakov, A Schmutz, J Spannagl, M Tang, HB Wang, XY Wicker, T Bharti, AK Chapman, J Feltus, FA Gowik, U Grigoriev, IV Lyons, E Maher, CA Martis, M Narechania, A Otillar, RP Penning, BW Salamov, AA Wang, Y Zhang, LF Carpita, NC Freeling, M Gingle, AR Hash, CT Keller, B Klein, P Kresovich, S McCann, MC Ming, R Peterson, DG Mehboob-ur-Rahman Ware, D Westhoff, P Mayer, KFX Messing, J Rokhsar, DS AF Paterson, Andrew H. Bowers, John E. Bruggmann, Remy Dubchak, Inna Grimwood, Jane Gundlach, Heidrun Haberer, Georg Hellsten, Uffe Mitros, Therese Poliakov, Alexander Schmutz, Jeremy Spannagl, Manuel Tang, Haibao Wang, Xiyin Wicker, Thomas Bharti, Arvind K. Chapman, Jarrod Feltus, F. Alex Gowik, Udo Grigoriev, Igor V. Lyons, Eric Maher, Christopher A. Martis, Mihaela Narechania, Apurva Otillar, Robert P. Penning, Bryan W. Salamov, Asaf A. Wang, Yu Zhang, Lifang Carpita, Nicholas C. Freeling, Michael Gingle, Alan R. Hash, C. Thomas Keller, Beat Klein, Patricia Kresovich, Stephen McCann, Maureen C. Ming, Ray Peterson, Daniel G. Mehboob-ur-Rahman Ware, Doreen Westhoff, Peter Mayer, Klaus F. X. Messing, Joachim Rokhsar, Daniel S. TI The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE GENOME; RICE GENOME; WIDE ANALYSIS; CELL-WALLS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; DUPLICATION AB Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the similar to 730- megabase Sorghumbicolor ( L.) Moench genome, placing, 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole- genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one- third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the similar to 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization similar to 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum - rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass- specific and 7% are sorghum- specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance. C1 [Paterson, Andrew H.; Bowers, John E.; Tang, Haibao; Wang, Xiyin; Feltus, F. Alex; Gingle, Alan R.; Peterson, Daniel G.; Mehboob-ur-Rahman] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bruggmann, Remy; Bharti, Arvind K.; Messing, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Dubchak, Inna; Hellsten, Uffe; Poliakov, Alexander; Chapman, Jarrod; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Otillar, Robert P.; Salamov, Asaf A.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Grimwood, Jane; Schmutz, Jeremy; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Gundlach, Heidrun; Haberer, Georg; Spannagl, Manuel; Martis, Mihaela; Wang, Yu; Mayer, Klaus F. X.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, MIPS IBIS, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Mitros, Therese] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Xiyin] Hebei Polytech Univ, Coll Sci, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Wicker, Thomas; Keller, Beat] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Feltus, F. Alex] Clemson Univ, Dept Genet & Biochem, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Gowik, Udo; Westhoff, Peter] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Entwicklungs & Mol Biol Pflanzen, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Lyons, Eric; Freeling, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maher, Christopher A.; Narechania, Apurva; Zhang, Lifang] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Penning, Bryan W.; McCann, Maureen C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Carpita, Nicholas C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hash, C. Thomas] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Klein, Patricia] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Patricia] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kresovich, Stephen] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Genome Explorat Lab, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Mehboob-ur-Rahman] NIBGE, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Ware, Doreen] USDA, NAA Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM paterson@uga.edu RI Bowers, John/B-9245-2009; Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; Rahman, Mehboob-ur-/I-7983-2015; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; Tang, Haibao/A-6715-2011; OI Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Tang, Haibao/0000-0002-3460-8570; Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-0274-5968 FU US National Science Foundation [DBI-9872649, DBI-0115903, MCB-0450260, DBI-0321467]; International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology; National Sorghum Producers; John Simon Guggenheim Foundation; US Department of Energy [DE-FG05-95ER20194]; German Federal Ministry of Education GABI initiative [0313117, 0314000C]; US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX We thank the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Program, J. Bristow, S. Lucas and the JGI production sequencing team for sequencing sorghum; and L. Lin for contributions to Fig. 1. We appreciate funding from the US National Science Foundation (NSF DBI-9872649, 0115903; MCB-0450260), International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology, National Sorghum Producers, and a John Simon Guggenheim Foundation fellowship to A.H.P.; US Department of Energy (DE-FG05-95ER20194) to J.M.; German Federal Ministry of Education GABI initiative to MIPS (0313117 and 0314000C); NSF DBI-0321467 to A.N.; and US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service to C.A.M., L.Z. and D.W. NR 50 TC 1148 Z9 1355 U1 22 U2 252 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 29 PY 2009 VL 457 IS 7229 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1038/nature07723 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 400FA UT WOS:000262852200034 PM 19189423 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Hossain, MM Clark, TG AF Straus, David L. Hossain, M. Mozammal Clark, Theodore G. TI Copper sulfate toxicity to two isolates of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis relative to alkalinity SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Strain differences; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Copper toxicity ID DIFFERENT IMMOBILIZATION SEROTYPES; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; TROUT; PH; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; HARDNESS AB Theronts from 2 different strains of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (AR1 and AR5) were exposed to copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) in waters of different total alkalinities and observed for 4 h to determine relative toxicity and kinetics of parasite mortality. Consistent with the known solubility properties of the metal, Cu was significantly more toxic to cells maintained under low (48 mg l(-1)) compared with high (243 mg l(-1)) total alkalinity conditions. This was reflected in both the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values and rates of mortality for both parasite strains; strain differences were also observed. The AR1 strain was significantly more resistant to copper toxicity than the AR5 strain in both high and low alkalinity waters. In general, these strain differences were more evident under conditions of low stress (i.e. low CuSO(4) concentration and high alkalinity), and suggest that genetic factors are overridden under high stress conditions. The present study establishes a role for alkalinity in the effectiveness of CuSO(4) treatment of ichthyophthiriasis and reveals differences in the susceptibility of parasite populations that are clearly important for control programs. C1 [Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Hossain, M. Mozammal; Clark, Theodore G.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, 2955 Highway 130 E,POB 150, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov RI Straus, David/A-9218-2009 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.3354/dao02010 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 411GZ UT WOS:000263638600005 PM 19301634 ER PT J AU Trucksess, MW Whitaker, TB Weaver, CM Slate, A Giesbrecht, FG Rader, JI Betz, JM AF Trucksess, Mary W. Whitaker, Thomas B. Weaver, Carol M. Slate, Andrew Giesbrecht, Francis G. Rader, Jeanne I. Betz, Joseph M. TI Sampling and Analytical Variability Associated with the Determination of Total Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Powdered Ginger Sold As a Dietary Supplement in Capsules SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sampling; analytical uncertainty; aflatoxins; ochratoxin A; ginger capsules; dietary supplements ID PART I; MYCOTOXINS; GINSENG; FOODS AB The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is studying the need to monitor dietary supplements for mycotoxins such as total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. An effective mycotoxin-monitoring program requires knowledge of the sampling and analytical variability associated with the determination of total aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in dietary supplements. Three lots of ginger sold as a powder in capsule form and packaged in individual bottles were analyzed for both AF and OTA. The total variability associated with measuring AF and OTA in powdered ginger was partitioned into bottle-to-bottle, within bottle, and analytical variances. The variances were estimated using a nested design. For AF and OTA, the within-bottle variance associated with the 5 g laboratory sample size was the largest component of variability accounting for about 43% and 85% of the total variance, respectively; the analytical variance accounted for about 34% and 9% of the total variability, respectively; and the bottle-to-bottle variance accounted for about 23% and 7% of the total variance, respectively. When the total variance is converted into the coefficient of variation (CV or standard deviation relative to the mean concentration), the CV is lower for AF (16.9%) than OTA (24.7%). C1 [Trucksess, Mary W.; Weaver, Carol M.; Rader, Jeanne I.] US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. [Whitaker, Thomas B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Slate, Andrew] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Giesbrecht, Francis G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Trucksess, MW (reprint author), US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1021/jf8017854 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 397LU UT WOS:000262665000001 PM 19105639 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Klun, JA Tabanca, N Demirci, B Ozek, T Baser, KHC Liu, ZJ Zhang, S Cantrell, CL Zhang, J AF Wedge, David E. Klun, Jerome A. Tabanca, Nurhayat Demirci, Betul Ozek, Temel Baser, Kemal Husnu Can Liu, Zhijun Zhang, Sui Cantrell, Charles L. Zhang, Jian TI Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and GC/MS Fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica Root Components for Antifungal and Mosquito Deterrent Activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (Z)-Ligustilide; dang gui; dong quai; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; AEDES-AEGYPTI; REPELLENT; DISCOVERY; PRODUCTS; EFFICACY; DEET AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform extract from the roots of Angelica sinensis led to isolation and characterization of (Z)-ligustilide using direct-bioautography with Colletotrichum species. The structure of (Z)-ligustilide was confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS. (Z)-Ligustilide deterred the biting of two mosquito species more effectively than DEET. Three different A. sinensis accessions and one Angelica archangelica root oil were evauated by GC and GC/MS, and the dominant component in A. sinensis was 61-69% (Z)-ligustilide. Two other prominent compounds in A. sinensis oils were 5.7-9.8% (E)-3-butylidene phthalide and 1.5-2.3% (Z)-3-butylidene phthalide. The main constituents that comprised A. archangelica oil were monoterpene hydrocarbons such as 24.5% alpha-pinene, 13.8% delta-3-carene, 10.1% beta-phellandrene, 8.8% p-cymene, 8.4% limonene, and 6.3% sabinene. Phthalides and monoterpene hydrocarbons were determined to be good systematic markers or chemical fingerprints for A. sinensis and A. archangelica root oils. Chemical fingerprinting by GC/MS of A. sinensis also confirmed the misidentification of one A. archangelica sample sold in the Chinese market. C1 [Wedge, David E.; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Cantrell, Charles L.] Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Klun, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Demirci, Betul; Ozek, Temel; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Liu, Zhijun] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhang, Sui] Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Shanghai 201106, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jian] Shanghai Inst Technol, Sch Perfume & Aroma Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1021/jf802820d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 397LU UT WOS:000262665000022 PM 19113871 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Liu, JG Bell, AA AF Stipanovic, Robert D. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Liu, Jinggao Bell, Alois A. TI Total and Percent Atropisomers of Gossypol and Gossypol-6-methyl Ether in Seeds from Pima Cottons and Accessions of Gossypium barbadense L SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cotton; (-)-gossypol; (+)-gossypol; cottonseed; Gossypium barbadense; gossypol-6-methyl ether ID TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS; CANCER-CELLS; (-)-GOSSYPOL; RESISTANCE; (+)-GOSSYPOL AB Gossypol occurs naturally in the seed, foliage, and roots of the cotton plant (Gossypium) as atropisomers due to restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond. The atropisomers differ in their biological activities. (-)-(R)-Gossypol is more toxic and exhibits significantly greater anticancer activity than the (+)-(S)-atropisomer. Most commercial Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cottonseeds have an (R)- to (S)-gossypol ratio of similar to 2:3, but some Pima (Gossypium barbadense) seeds have an excess of (R)-gossypol. There is no known source of cottonseed with an (R)- to (S)-gossypol ratio of greater than similar to 70:30. Cottonseed with a high percentage of (R)-gossypol would be of value to the pharmaceutical industry. It was theorized that G. barbadense cotton might be a source of this desirable high (R)-gossypol seed trait. There are 671 different accessions of G. barbadense in the U.S. Cotton Germplasm Collection, few of which had been characterized with respect to their (R)- to (S)-gossypol ratio. This work completed that analysis and found considerable variation in the atropisomer ratio. Approximately half of the accessions have an excess of (R)-gossypol, and 52 accessions have essentially a 1: 1 ratio. The highest percentage of (R)-gossypol was found in accessions GB26 (68.2%) and GB283 (67.3%). Surprisingly, five accessions had 5% or less of (R)-gossypol: GB516 (5.0%), GB761 (4.5%), GB577 (4.3%), GB719 (3.7%), and GB476 (2.3%). These accessions may be useful in a breeding program to reduce (R)-gossypol in Pima seed, which is a concern to the dairy industry because of the toxicity and male antifertility activity of this atropisomer. Also, GB710 was devoid of gossypol. C1 [Stipanovic, Robert D.; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.; Liu, Jinggao; Bell, Alois A.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 566 EP 571 DI 10.1021/jf802756e PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 397LU UT WOS:000262665000036 PM 19113939 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, Jian TI Repellency of an Over-the-Counter Essential Oil Product in China against Workers of Red Imported Fire Ants SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; digging bioassay; camphor; eucalyptol; eugenol; menthol; methyl salicylate; phenylethanol ID PHENETHYL ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES; OFFICINALIS L.; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; TOXICITY; VOLATILES; PORTUGAL; BEETLES; ACARI AB Repellency of an over-the-counter essential oil product from China, and its major components against workers of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, was evaluated using an ant digging bioassay. Three concentrations (1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 mg/kg in sand) of the product Were tested. At 100.0 mg/kg, the digging suppress index (DSI) was 1.0 +/- 0.00 (mean SE) for all six test colonies, indicating this product produced a complete digging suppression; at 10 mg/kg, DSI was 0.22 +/- 0.089 to 0.75 +/- 0.12 and significant repellency occurred against five of six colonies; and at 1.0 mg/kg, DSI was 0.21 +/- 0.091 to 0.38 +/- 0.14 and significant repellency occurred against four of six colonies. The chemical components of this product were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Camphor, eucalyptol, eugenol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and phenylethanol were identified. A digging bioassay was also conducted on each of those identified compounds at concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 mg/kg. Based on pooled data from three colonies, each component significantly suppressed the digging behavior at 100 mg/kg. Eugenol, menthol, and methyl salicylate significantly suppressed the digging at 10 mg/kg. At 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, DSI for eucalyptol was -0.039 +/- 0.032 and -0.050 +/- 0.021, respectively. The negative DSI indicated a digging facilitation. However, only at 10.0 mg/kg, was such facilitation statistically significant. C1 [Chen, Jian] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jian.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 618 EP 622 DI 10.1021/jf8028072 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 397LU UT WOS:000262665000043 PM 19123820 ER PT J AU Gu, CH Maggi, F Riley, WJ Hornberger, GM Xu, T Oldenburg, CM Spycher, N Miller, NL Venterea, RT Steefel, C AF Gu, Chuanhui Maggi, F. Riley, W. J. Hornberger, G. M. Xu, T. Oldenburg, C. M. Spycher, N. Miller, N. L. Venterea, R. T. Steefel, C. TI Aqueous and gaseous nitrogen losses induced by fertilizer application SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OXIDE EMISSIONS; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; N-FERTILIZER; NITRIC-OXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; GENERALIZED-MODEL; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; NOX EMISSIONS; N2O EMISSIONS; GRASSLAND AB In recent years, concern has grown over the contribution of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use to nitrate (NO3-) water pollution and nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide ( NO), and ammonia (NH3) atmospheric pollution. Characterizing soil N effluxes is essential in developing a strategy to mitigate N leaching and emissions to the atmosphere. In this paper, a previously described and tested mechanistic N cycle model (TOUGHREACT-N) was successfully tested against additional observations of soil pH and N2O emissions after fertilization and irrigation and before plant emergence. We used TOUGHREACT-N to explain the significantly different N gas emissions and nitrate leaching rates resulting from the different N fertilizer types, application methods, and soil properties. The N2O emissions from NH4+-N fertilizer were higher than from urea and NO3--N fertilizers in coarse-textured soils. This difference increased with decreases in fertilization application rate and increases in soil buffering capacity. In contrast to methods used to estimate global terrestrial gas emissions, we found strongly nonlinear N2O emissions as a function of fertilizer application rate and soil calcite content. Speciation of predicted gas N flux into N2O and N-2 depended on pH, fertilizer form, and soil properties. Our results highlighted the need to derive emission and leaching factors that account for fertilizer type, application method, and soil properties. C1 [Gu, Chuanhui; Maggi, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley Water Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maggi, F.; Xu, T.; Oldenburg, C. M.; Spycher, N.; Miller, N. L.; Steefel, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Venterea, R. T.] ARS, Soil & Water Res Management Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hornberger, G. M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Gu, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley Water Ctr, 413 OBrien Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cgu@berkeley.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Gu, Chuanhui/D-1781-2017; OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Gu, Chuanhui/0000-0003-3445-648X; Maggi, Federico/0000-0003-1073-8036 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); Berkeley Lab; Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Berkeley Lab, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Catherine Henault is thanked for providing data and information at Longchamp site. The authors also acknowledge Yoram Rubin (University of California, Berkeley) and Bo Bodvarsson (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) for making this project possible. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G01006 DI 10.1029/2008JG000788 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 401ZI UT WOS:000262982700001 ER PT J AU Schetelig, MF Caceres, C Zacharopoulou, A Franz, G Wimmer, EA AF Schetelig, Marc F. Caceres, Carlos Zacharopoulou, Antigone Franz, Gerald Wimmer, Ernst A. TI Conditional embryonic lethality to improve the sterile insect technique in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSON VECTOR; PHAGE PHI-C31; TRANSGENESIS; SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATION; ERADICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method used in area-wide pest management of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann; Diptera: Tephritidae). Ionizing radiation used to generate reproductive sterility in the mass-reared populations before release leads to reduction of competitiveness. Results: Here, we present a first alternative reproductive sterility system for medfly based on transgenic embryonic lethality. This system is dependent on newly isolated medfly promoter/enhancer elements of cellularization-specifically-expressed genes. These elements act differently in expression strength and their ability to drive lethal effector gene activation. Moreover, position effects strongly influence the efficiency of the system. Out of 60 combinations of driver and effector construct integrations, several lines resulted in larval and pupal lethality with one line showing complete embryonic lethality. This line was highly competitive to wildtype medfly in laboratory and field cage tests. Conclusion: The high competitiveness of the transgenic lines and the achieved 100% embryonic lethality causing reproductive sterility without the need of irradiation can improve the efficacy of operational medfly SIT programs. C1 [Schetelig, Marc F.; Wimmer, Ernst A.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, Gottingen Ctr Mol Biosci,GZMB, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Caceres, Carlos] USDA APHIS OFF, Guatemala City 01010, Guatemala. [Zacharopoulou, Antigone] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Patras, Greece. [Franz, Gerald] IAEA, FAO, Agr & Biotechnol Lab, Entomol Unit, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Schetelig, Marc F.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schetelig, MF (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, Gottingen Ctr Mol Biosci,GZMB, Justus von Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM marc.schetelig@ars.usda.gov; carlos.e.caceres@aphis.usda.gov; zacharop@upatras.gr; G.Franz@iaea.org; ewimmer@gwdg.de FU Robert Bosch Foundation; International Research into the Development of Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; BMBF; EMBO Young Investigator Programme FX We thank Alfred M Handler for providing plasmids; Ludvik Gomulski for providing an EST sequence; Sebastian Kittelmann for technical assistance. The project profited from discussions at the IAEA funded Research Coordination Meetings (RCMs) of the Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) ' The Use of Molecular Tools to Improve the Effectiveness of SIT'. The work was partially supported by the Robert Bosch Foundation (EAW) within the program 'International Research into the Development of Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry', the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (EAW), the BMBF (EAW), and the EMBO Young Investigator Programme ( EAW). NR 35 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 7 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-7-4 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 427GG UT WOS:000264767200001 PM 19173707 ER PT J AU Martone, PT Estevez, JM Lu, FC Ruel, K Denny, MW Somerville, C Ralph, J AF Martone, Patrick T. Estevez, Jose M. Lu, Fachuang Ruel, Katia Denny, Mark W. Somerville, Chris Ralph, John TI Discovery of Lignin in Seaweed Reveals Convergent Evolution of Cell-Wall Architecture SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XYLEM LIGNIFICATION; SYRINGYL LIGNIN; DFRC METHOD; BIOSYNTHESIS; CORALLINE; ORIGIN; PLANTS; THIOACIDOLYSIS; CALLIARTHRON; ANGIOSPERMS AB Lignified cell walls are widely considered to be key innovations in the evolution of terrestrial plants from aquatic ancestors some 475 million years ago [1-3]. Lignins, complex aromatic heteropolymers, stiffen and fortify secondary cell walls within xylem tissues, creating a dense matrix that binds cellulose microfibrils [4] and crosslinks other wall components [5], thereby preventing the collapse of conductive vessels, lending biomechanical support to stems, and allowing plants to adopt an erect-growth habit in air. Although lignin-like" compounds have been identified in primitive green algae [6, 7], the presence of true lignins in nonvascular organisms, such as aquatic algae, has not been confirmed [2, 3, 8, 9]. Here, we report the discovery of secondary walls and lignin within cells of the intertidal red alga Calliarthron cheilosporioides. Until now, such developmentally specialized cell walls have been described only in vascular plants. The finding of secondary walls and lignin in red algae raises many questions about the convergent or deeply conserved evolutionary history of these traits, given that red algae and vascular plants probably diverged more than 1 billion years ago. C1 [Martone, Patrick T.; Denny, Mark W.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Martone, Patrick T.; Denny, Mark W.; Somerville, Chris] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Estevez, Jose M.; Somerville, Chris] Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ruel, Katia] CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RP Martone, PT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM pmartone@interchange.ubc.ca RI Somerville, Christopher/A-4048-2009; OI Somerville, Christopher/0000-0003-4647-0094; Estevez, Jose/0000-0001-6332-7738 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-FG02-03ER20133]; National Science Foundation [DOE-AI02-00ER15067]; AGENCIA [IOS-0641068]; Phycological Society of America [PICT 2006963] FX The authors acknowledge John Perrino for TEM assistance, Staffan Persson for the TEM image of Arabidopsis secondary xylem, and Paul Gabrielson and Max Hommersand for their phycological insight. This work was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy, to C.R.S. (DOE-FG02-03ER20133) and to J.R. (DOE-AI02-00ER15067), from the National Science Foundation, to M.D. (IOS-0641068), from AGENCIA, to J.M.E. (PICT 2006963), and from the Phycological Society of America, to P.T.M. NR 46 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 49 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.031 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 402KM UT WOS:000263012600030 PM 19167225 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Lefsky, MA Roberts, DA AF Helmer, Eileen H. Lefsky, Michael A. Roberts, Dar A. TI Biomass accumulation rates of Amazonian secondary forest and biomass of old-growth forests from Landsat time series and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE tropical forest; forest disturbance; forest age; vegetation type; old growth; terra firme; varzea; cerrado; cerradao; igapo; change detection; image cubes; WBDI; deforestation ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TROPICAL FOREST; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; RADIOMETRIC NORMALIZATION; SUCCESSIONAL STAGE; EASTERN AMAZONIA; VEGETATION DATA; TASSELED CAP; RAIN-FOREST AB We estimate the age of humid lowland tropical forests in Rondonia, Brazil, from a somewhat densely spaced time series of Landsat images (1975-2003) with an automated procedure, the Threshold Age Mapping Algorithm (TAMA), first described here. We then estimate a landscape-level rate of aboveground woody biomass accumulation of secondary forest by combining forest age mapping with biomass estimates from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Though highly variable, the estimated average biomass accumulation rate of 8.4 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) agrees well with ground-based studies for young secondary forests in the region. In isolating the lowland forests, we map land cover and general types of old-growth forests with decision tree classification of Landsat imagery and elevation data. We then estimate aboveground live biomass for seven classes of old-growth forest. TAMA is simple, fast, and self-calibrating. By not using between-date band or index differences or trends, it requires neither image normalization nor atmospheric correction. In addition, it uses an approach to map forest cover for the self-calibrations that is novel to forest mapping with satellite imagery; it maps humid secondary forest that is difficult to distinguish from old-growth forest in single-date imagery; it does not assume that forest age equals time since disturbance; and it incorporates Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) imagery. Variations on the work that we present here can be applied to other forested landscapes. Applications that use image time series will be helped by the free distribution of coregistered Landsat imagery, which began in December 2008, and of the Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Vegetation Product, which simplifies the use of GLAS data. Finally, we demonstrate here for the first time how the optical imagery of fine spatial resolution that is viewable on Google Earth provides a new source of reference data for remote sensing applications related to land cover. C1 [Helmer, Eileen H.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Lefsky, Michael A.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Ecol Anal Lidar, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009 FU NASA FX Landsat imagery was made available via the Beja-Flor database of the Large Basin Amazonia (LBA) Project, which included data from the National Institute for Space Research of Brazil, INPE); the USGS Center for EROS; and the University of Maryland's Global Land Cover Facility. We thank the Earth Observing System (EOS)-Webster, at the University of New Hampshire (LBA IKONOS image downloads) and Ray Czaplewski, Michael Keller and Kirk Sherrill for their assistance and input. Ariel Lugo, Susan Ustin, and anonymous reviewers made valuable comments on the manuscript. Justin D. Gray provided critical volunteer IT support. The research was in part supported by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. It was conducted with cooperation from the University of Puerto Rico and the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station. It is a contribution to Landsat Science Team research and the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). NR 76 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033505 DI 10.1117/1.3082116 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520SI UT WOS:000271867800001 ER PT J AU Reeves, PA Richards, CM AF Reeves, Patrick A. Richards, Christopher M. TI Accurate Inference of Subtle Population Structure (and Other Genetic Discontinuities) Using Principal Coordinates SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Accurate inference of genetic discontinuities between populations is an essential component of intraspecific biodiversity and evolution studies, as well as associative genetics. The most widely-used methods to infer population structure are model-based, Bayesian MCMC procedures that minimize Hardy-Weinberg and linkage disequilibrium within subpopulations. These methods are useful, but suffer from large computational requirements and a dependence on modeling assumptions that may not be met in real data sets. Here we describe the development of a new approach, PCO-MC, which couples principal coordinate analysis to a clustering procedure for the inference of population structure from multilocus genotype data. Methodology/Principal Findings: PCO-MC uses data from all principal coordinate axes simultaneously to calculate a multidimensional "density landscape'', from which the number of subpopulations, and the membership within subpopulations, is determined using a valley-seeking algorithm. Using extensive simulations, we show that this approach outperforms a Bayesian MCMC procedure when many loci (e. g. 100) are sampled, but that the Bayesian procedure is marginally superior with few loci (e. g. 10). When presented with sufficient data, PCO-MC accurately delineated subpopulations with population F(st) values as low as 0.03 (G(st)'>0.2), whereas the limit of resolution of the Bayesian approach was F(st) = 0.05 (G(st)'>0.35). Conclusions/Significance: We draw a distinction between population structure inference for describing biodiversity as opposed to Type I error control in associative genetics. We suggest that discrete assignments, like those produced by PCO-MC, are appropriate for circumscribing units of biodiversity whereas expression of population structure as a continuous variable is more useful for case-control correction in structured association studies. C1 [Reeves, Patrick A.; Richards, Christopher M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reeves, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM crichard@lamar.colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 FU USDA-ARS; CRIS [5402-21000-012-00] FX This research was funded by USDA-ARS, CRIS project 5402-21000-012-00. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 76 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 AR e4269 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004269 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437JF UT WOS:000265482900002 PM 19172174 ER PT J AU Mace, ES Rami, JF Bouchet, S Klein, PE Klein, RR Kilian, A Wenzl, P Xia, L Halloran, K Jordan, DR AF Mace, Emma S. Rami, Jean-Francois Bouchet, Sophie Klein, Patricia E. Klein, Robert R. Kilian, Andrzej Wenzl, Peter Xia, Ling Halloran, Kirsten Jordan, David R. TI A consensus genetic map of sorghum that integrates multiple component maps and high-throughput Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATIONS; RFLP LINKAGE MAP; STAY-GREEN; GENOME; MAIZE; CONSTRUCTION; QTLS; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Sorghum genome mapping based on DNA markers began in the early 1990s and numerous genetic linkage maps of sorghum have been published in the last decade, based initially on RFLP markers with more recent maps including AFLPs and SSRs and very recently, Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. It is essential to integrate the rapidly growing body of genetic linkage data produced through DArT with the multiple genetic linkage maps for sorghum generated through other marker technologies. Here, we report on the colinearity of six independent sorghum component maps and on the integration of these component maps into a single reference resource that contains commonly utilized SSRs, AFLPs, and high-throughput DArT markers. Results: The six component maps were constructed using the MultiPoint software. The lengths of the resulting maps varied between 910 and 1528 cM. The order of the 498 markers that segregated in more than one population was highly consistent between the six individual mapping data sets. The framework consensus map was constructed using a "Neighbours" approach and contained 251 integrated bridge markers on the 10 sorghum chromosomes spanning 1355.4 cM with an average density of one marker every 5.4 cM, and were used for the projection of the remaining markers. In total, the sorghum consensus map consisted of a total of 1997 markers mapped to 2029 unique loci ( 1190 DArT loci and 839 other loci) spanning 1603.5 cM and with an average marker density of 1 marker/0.79 cM. In addition, 35 multicopy markers were identified. On average, each chromosome on the consensus map contained 203 markers of which 58.6% were DArT markers. Non-random patterns of DNA marker distribution were observed, with some clear marker-dense regions and some marker-rare regions. Conclusion: The final consensus map has allowed us to map a larger number of markers than possible in any individual map, to obtain a more complete coverage of the sorghum genome and to fill a number of gaps on individual maps. In addition to overall general consistency of marker order across individual component maps, good agreement in overall distances between common marker pairs across the component maps used in this study was determined, using a difference ratio calculation. The obtained consensus map can be used as a reference resource for genetic studies in different genetic backgrounds, in addition to providing a framework for transferring genetic information between different marker technologies and for integrating DArT markers with other genomic resources. DArT markers represent an affordable, high throughput marker system with great utility in molecular breeding programs, especially in crops such as sorghum where SNP arrays are not publicly available. C1 [Mace, Emma S.; Halloran, Kirsten; Jordan, David R.] Hermitage Res Stn, Queensland DPI&F, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. [Rami, Jean-Francois; Bouchet, Sophie] CIRAD UMR DAP, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kilian, Andrzej; Wenzl, Peter; Xia, Ling] Divers Arrays Technol PL, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia. RP Mace, ES (reprint author), Hermitage Res Stn, Queensland DPI&F, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. EM emma.mace@dpi.qld.gov.au; rami@cirad.fr; sophie.bouchet@cirad.fr; pklein@TAMU-ARS.edu; rklein@TAMU-ARS.edu; a.kilian@diversityarrays.com; p.wenzl@diversityarrays.com; ling@diversityarrays.com; kirsten.halloran@dpi.qld.gov.au; david.r.jordan@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Jordan, David/A-7103-2011 OI Jordan, David/0000-0002-8128-1304 FU Australian Grains Research and Development Cooperation (GRDC) FX We thank the Australian Grains Research and Development Cooperation (GRDC; http://www.grdc.com.au) for financial support. We thank Bert Collard, Mandy Christopher and Wendy Lawson and colleagues at Diversity Arrays Technology P/L for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. We further thank Y.Z. Tao and R. Henzell for technical assistance for the generation of the DPI&F mapping populations and marker data. NR 57 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 38 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-13 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 443MQ UT WOS:000265914700001 PM 19171067 ER PT J AU Cote, GL AF Cote, Gregory L. TI Acceptor products of alternansucrase with gentiobiose. Production of novel oligosaccharides for food and feed and elimination of bitterness SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oligosaccharides; Alternansucrase; Prebiotic; Gentiobiose; Glucansucrase; Bitterness ID ARTHROBACTER-GLOBIFORMIS T6; MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; FERMENTATION; BACTERIA AB In the presence of suitable acceptor molecules, dextransucrase makes a homologous series of oligosaccharides in which the isomers differ by a single glucosyl unit, whereas alternansucrase synthesizes one trisaccharide, two tetrasaccharides, etc. Previously, we showed that alternansucrase only forms certain isomers of DP > 4 from maltose in measurable amounts, and that these oligosaccharides belong to the oligoatternan series rather than the oligodextran series. We now demonstrate that the acceptor products from gentiobiose, also formed in good yields (nearly 90% in unoptimized reactions), follow a pattern similar to those formed from maltose. The initial product is a single trisaccharide, alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-D-Glc. Two tetrasaccharides were formed in approximately equal quantities: alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-DGlcp-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-D-Glc and alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-D-Glc. just one pentasaccharide was isolated from the reaction mixture, alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 -> 6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-D-Glc. Our hypothesis that the enzyme is incapable of forming two consecutive alpha-(1 -> 3) linkages, and does not form products with more than two consecutive alpha-(1 -> 6) linkages, apparently applies to other acceptors as well as to maltose. The glucosylation of gentiobiose reduces or eliminates its bitter taste. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM greg.cote@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.017 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 399KL UT WOS:000262798700004 PM 19056079 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Ray, KJ Vermillion, K Kuo, TM AF Price, Neil P. J. Ray, Karen J. Vermillion, Karl Kuo, Tsung-Min TI MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of naturally occurring mixtures of monorhamnolipids and dirhamnolipids SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhamnolipids; Biosurfactants; Mass spectrometry; MALDI-TOFMS; Deuterium-exchange ID SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; AERUGINOSA STRAIN 57RP; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; RHAMNOLIPID MIXTURES; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOSURFACTANT; MICROORGANISMS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIPIDS AB MALDI-TOFMS approaches have been developed for high-throughput screening of naturally occurring mixtures of rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas spp. Monorhamnolipids and dirhamnolipids are readily distinguished by characteristic molecular adduct ions, [M+Na](+) and [M-H+Na(2)](+), with variously acylated rhamnolipids differing by 28 mu. Following proton-deuterium exchange, deuterated [M+Na-4(1)H+4(2)H](+) and [M+Na-6(1)H+6(2)H](+) ions are observed for the monorhamnolipids and dirhamnolipids, respectively, which allows rapid identification of these molecules. The described approach has been validated by compositional analysis using GC/MS, fractionation by RPHPLC, and analysis by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. MALDI-TOFMS analysis allows the rapid screening of variously acylated rhamnolipids, and has potential for selective identification of new surfactants from microbial strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Price, Neil P. J.; Ray, Karen J.; Kuo, Tsung-Min] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vermillion, Karl] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioproc & New Crops Technol Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 2 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.013 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 399KL UT WOS:000262798700007 PM 18992877 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Smith, RL AF Miller, Daniel N. Smith, Richard L. TI Microbial characterization of nitrification in a shallow, nitrogen-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts and detection of a novel cluster associated with nitrifying Betaproteobacteria SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Nitrification; PCR; Ammonium; Nitrate ID AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA; BETA-SUBDIVISION; FRESH-WATER; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; TREATMENT PLANTS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER AB Groundwater nitrification is a poorly characterized process affecting the speciation and transport of nitrogen. Cores from two sites in a plume of contamination were examined using culture-based and molecular techniques targeting nitrification processes. The first site, located beneath a sewage effluent infiltration bed, received treated effluent containing O-2 (>300 mu M) and NH4+ (51-800 mu M). The second site was 2.5 km down-gradient near the leading edge of the ammonium zone within the contaminant plume and featured vertical gradients of O-2, NH4+, and NO3- (0-300, 0-500, and 100-200 mu M with depth, respectively). Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers enumerated by the culture-based MPN method were low in abundance at both sites (1.8 to 350 g(-1) and 33 to 35,000 g(-1), respectively). Potential nitrifying activity measured in core material in the laboratory was also very low, requiring several weeks for products to accumulate. Molecular analysis of aquifer DNA (nested PCR followed by cloning and 16S rDNA sequencing) detected primarily sequences associated with the Nitrosospira genus throughout the cores at the down-gradient site and a smaller proportion from the Nitrosomonas genus in the deeper anoxic, NH4+ zone at the down-gradient site. Only a single Nitrosospira sequence was detected beneath the infiltration bed. Furthermore, the majority of Nitrosospira-associated sequences represent an unrecognized cluster. We conclude that an uncharacterized group associated with Nitrosospira dominate at the geochemically stable, down-gradient site, but found little evidence for Betaproteobacteria nitrifiers beneath the infiltration beds where geochemical conditions were more variable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Daniel N.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), USDA, 104 Chase Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dan.miller@ars.usda.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X FU USDA [95-37101-1713]; National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship FX We would like to thank Denis LeBlanc, coordinator for the Cape Cod site, and Kathy Hess, Tim McCobb, Deborah Repert, Brigid Kumler, and Tom Peacock for technical support. We would also like to thank Bess Ward for generously providing nitrifier control strains. This work was supported in part by USDA grant #95-37101-1713 and a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. The use of trade or product names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.10.011 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 402JD UT WOS:000263009100010 PM 19059672 ER PT J AU Bertioli, DJ Moretzsohn, MC Madsen, LH Sandal, N Leal-Bertioli, SCM Guimaraes, PM Hougaard, BK Fredslund, J Schauser, L Nielsen, AM Sato, S Tabata, S Cannon, SB Stougaard, J AF Bertioli, David J. Moretzsohn, Marcio C. Madsen, Lene H. Sandal, Niels Leal-Bertioli, Soraya C. M. Guimaraes, Patricia M. Hougaard, Birgit K. Fredslund, Jakob Schauser, Leif Nielsen, Anna M. Sato, Shusei Tabata, Satoshi Cannon, Steven B. Stougaard, Jens TI An analysis of synteny of Arachis with Lotus and Medicago sheds new light on the structure, stability and evolution of legume genomes SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; LINKAGE MAP; JAPONICUS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; LEGUMINOSAE; TRUNCATULA; HYPOGAEA; GENETICS; MARKERS AB Background: Most agriculturally important legumes fall within two sub-clades of the Papilionoid legumes: the Phaseoloids and Galegoids, which diverged about 50 Mya. The Phaseoloids are mostly tropical and include crops such as common bean and soybean. The Galegoids are mostly temperate and include clover, fava bean and the model legumes Lotus and Medicago (both with substantially sequenced genomes). In contrast, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) falls in the Dalbergioid clade which is more basal in its divergence within the Papilionoids. The aim of this work was to integrate the genetic map of Arachis with Lotus and Medicago and improve our understanding of the Arachis genome and legume genomes in general. To do this we placed on the Arachis map, comparative anchor markers defined using a previously described bioinformatics pipeline. Also we investigated the possible role of transposons in the patterns of synteny that were observed. Results: The Arachis genetic map was substantially aligned with Lotus and Medicago with most synteny blocks presenting a single main affinity to each genome. This indicates that the last common whole genome duplication within the Papilionoid legumes predated the divergence of Arachis from the Galegoids and Phaseoloids sufficiently that the common ancestral genome was substantially diploidized. The Arachis and model legume genomes comparison made here, together with a previously published comparison of Lotus and Medicago allowed all possible Arachis-Lotus-Medicago species by species comparisons to be made and genome syntenies observed. Distinct conserved synteny blocks and non-conserved regions were present in all genome comparisons, implying that certain legume genomic regions are consistently more stable during evolution than others. We found that in Medicago and possibly also in Lotus, retrotransposons tend to be more frequent in the variable regions. Furthermore, while these variable regions generally have lower densities of single copy genes than the more conserved regions, some harbor high densities of the fast evolving disease resistance genes. Conclusion: We suggest that gene space in Papilionoids may be divided into two broadly defined components: more conserved regions which tend to have low retrotransposon densities and are relatively stable during evolution; and variable regions that tend to have high retrotransposon densities, and whose frequent restructuring may fuel the evolution of some gene families. C1 [Bertioli, David J.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Dept Genom Sci & Biotechnol, BR-70790160 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Moretzsohn, Marcio C.; Leal-Bertioli, Soraya C. M.; Guimaraes, Patricia M.] Embrapa Genet Resources & Biotechnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Madsen, Lene H.; Sandal, Niels; Hougaard, Birgit K.; Nielsen, Anna M.; Stougaard, Jens] Univ Aarhus, Dept Mol Biol, Gene Express Lab, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Fredslund, Jakob; Schauser, Leif] Univ Aarhus, Bioinformat Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Sato, Shusei; Tabata, Satoshi] Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba 292, Japan. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bertioli, DJ (reprint author), Univ Catolica Brasilia, Dept Genom Sci & Biotechnol, SGAN 916, BR-70790160 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM david@pos.ucb.br; marciocm@cenargen.embrapa.br; lhm@mb.au.dk; nns@mb.au.dk; soraya@cenargen.embrapa.br; messenbe@cenargen.embrapa.br; bm.lisbjerg@mail.tele.dk; jakob.fredslund@alexandra.dk; schauser@inano.dk; amn@mb.au.dk; ssato@kazusa.or.jp; tabata@kazusa.or.jp; steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov; stougaard@mb.au.dk RI Guimaraes, Patricia/G-1824-2012; Sato, Shusei/A-3616-2015 OI Sato, Shusei/0000-0002-0293-5366 FU EU INCO-DEV [ARAMAP: ICA4-2001-10072]; EU FP6 [GLIP: FOOD-CT-2004-506223]; Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs RUF [91210]; Generation Challenge Program [G3005.05]; Danish National Research Foundation FX Thanks are due to Noel Ellis, Chris Town, Nevin Young and Doug Cook, for their advice and encouragement, and to the Medicago truncatula Sequencing Initiative for access to data. Funding was from EU INCO-DEV (ARAMAP: ICA4-2001-10072), the EU FP6 (GLIP: FOOD-CT-2004-506223), the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs RUF (Project # 91210), the Generation Challenge Program (Project G3005.05, and TLI), Danish National Research Foundation and host institutions. We thank Stephan Nielen for useful discussions. NR 27 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 23 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 45 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-45 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 430EB UT WOS:000264970500001 PM 19166586 ER PT J AU Ratnakumar, A Barris, W McWilliam, S Brauning, R McEwan, JC Snelling, WM Dalrymple, BP AF Ratnakumar, Abhirami Barris, Wesley McWilliam, Sean Brauning, Rudiger McEwan, John C. Snelling, Warren M. Dalrymple, Brian P. TI A multiway analysis for identifying high integrity bovine BACs SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; ENDS QUALITY ASSESSMENT; HUMAN GENOME; PHYSICAL MAP; SEQUENCE ANALYSES; MOUSE GENOME; CONTIG; CATTLE; CONSTRUCTION; CDNA AB Background: In large genomics projects involving many different types of analyses of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), such as fingerprinting, end sequencing (BES) and full BAC sequencing there are many opportunities for the identities of BACs to become confused. However, by comparing the results from the different analyses, inconsistencies can be identified and a set of high integrity BACs preferred for future research can be defined. Results: The location of each bovine BAC in the BAC fingerprint-based genome map and in the genome assembly were compared based on the reported BESs, and for a smaller number of BACs the full sequence. BACs with consistent positions in all three datasets, or if the full sequence was not available, for both the fingerprint map and BES-based alignments, were deemed to be correctly positioned. BACs with consistent BES-based and fingerprint-based locations, but with conflicting locations based on the fully sequenced BAC, appeared to have been misidentified during sequencing, and included a number of apparently swapped BACs. Inconsistencies between BES-based and fingerprint map positions identified thirty one plates from the CHORI-240 library that appear to have suffered substantial systematic problems during the end-sequencing of the BACs. No systematic problems were identified in the fingerprinting of the BACs. Analysis of BACs overlapping in the assembly identified a small overrepresentation of clones with substantial overlap in the library and a substantial enrichment of highly overlapping BACs on the same plate in the CHORI-240 library. More than half of these BACs appear to have been present as duplicates on the original BAC-library plates and thus should be avoided in subsequent projects. Conclusion: Our analysis shows that similar to 95% of the bovine CHORI-240 library clones with both a BAC fingerprint and two BESs mapping to the genome in the expected orientations (similar to 27% of all BACs) have consistent locations in the BAC fingerprint map and the genome assembly. We have developed a broadly applicable methodology for checking the integrity of BAC-based datasets even where only incomplete and partially assembled genomic sequence is available. C1 [Ratnakumar, Abhirami; Barris, Wesley; McWilliam, Sean; Dalrymple, Brian P.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Snelling, Warren M.] AgResearch, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Brauning, Rudiger; McEwan, John C.] ARS, USDA, NPA Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Dalrymple, BP (reprint author), CSIRO Livestock Ind, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM abhirami.ratnakumar@y7mail.com; Wes.barris@csiro.au; Sean.mcwilliam@csiro.au; Rudiger.Brauning@agresearch.co.nz; John.mcewan@agresearch.co.nz; Warren.snelling@ars.usda.gov; Brian.dalrymple@csiro.au RI Dalrymple, Brian/F-8721-2010; McWilliam, Sean/H-8978-2013; McEwan, John/A-1143-2008; OI Dalrymple, Brian/0000-0003-3891-5233; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207; Brauning, Rudiger/0000-0001-5068-9166 FU USDA-NRI; CRC for Innovative Dairy Products; CRC for Beef Genetic Technologies and Sheep Genomics FX The authors would like to thank the relevant researchers from the member organisations of the IBBMC (AgResearch, BCGSC, CHORI, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, Roslin, TAMU, TIGR, UIUC and USDA) for generating and providing public access to fingerprinting and BAC end sequencing data. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the early pre-publication access under the Fort Lauderdale conventions to the draft bovine genome sequences provided by the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center and the Bovine Genome Sequencing Project Consortium. This work was partly funded by the USDA-NRI, the CRC for Innovative Dairy Products, the CRC for Beef Genetic Technologies and Sheep Genomics (a joint venture of Meat and Livestock Australia and Australian Wool Innovation). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 23 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-46 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 430EB UT WOS:000264970500002 PM 19166603 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Byrne, JC Daniels, LD Franklin, JF Fule, PZ Harmon, ME Larson, AJ Smith, JM Taylor, AH Veblen, TT AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Stephenson, Nathan L. Byrne, John C. Daniels, Lori D. Franklin, Jerry F. Fule, Peter Z. Harmon, Mark E. Larson, Andrew J. Smith, Jeremy M. Taylor, Alan H. Veblen, Thomas T. TI Widespread Increase of Tree Mortality Rates in the Western United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-TERM; FOREST; DROUGHT; GROWTH; DISTURBANCES; RESTORATION; DYNAMICS; FIRE AB Persistent changes in tree mortality rates can alter forest structure, composition, and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from unmanaged old forests in the western United States showed that background ( noncatastrophic) mortality rates have increased rapidly in recent decades, with doubling periods ranging from 17 to 29 years among regions. Increases were also pervasive across elevations, tree sizes, dominant genera, and past fire histories. Forest density and basal area declined slightly, which suggests that increasing mortality was not caused by endogenous increases in competition. Because mortality increased in small trees, the overall increase in mortality rates cannot be attributed solely to aging of large trees. Regional warming and consequent increases in water deficits are likely contributors to the increases in tree mortality rates. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Byrne, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Daniels, Lori D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Franklin, Jerry F.; Larson, Andrew J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smith, Jeremy M.; Veblen, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov; nstephenson@usgs.gov FU NSF's Long-term Studies Program [DEB-0218088]; Wind River Canopy Crane Program [PNW 08-DG- 11261952488]; USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest; Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain research stations; McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program; NSF [DEB-0743498, BCS-0825823]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many people involved in establishing and maintaining the permanent forest plots; C. Allen, A. Das, J. Halofsky, J. Hicke, J. Lutz, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript; and J. Yee for essential statistical advice. The forest plots were funded by NSF's Long- term Studies Program (DEB- 0218088); the Wind River Canopy Crane Program through cooperative agreement PNW 08-DG- 11261952488 with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; various awards through the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, and Rocky Mountain research stations and the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program; NSF awards DEB- 0743498 and BCS- 0825823; the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; various awards through the U.S. National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative (a USGS global change research project) and the Cordillera Forest Dynamics Network (CORFOR). NR 24 TC 623 Z9 637 U1 27 U2 303 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 23 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5913 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1126/science.1165000 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 396JL UT WOS:000262587900047 PM 19164752 ER PT J AU Taliercio, EW Romano, G Scheffler, J Ayre, BG AF Taliercio, Earl W. Romano, Gabriela Scheffler, Jodi Ayre, Brian G. TI Expression of genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism in cotton stems and roots SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; TRANSITORY STARCH; BREAKDOWN; PLANTS; MECHANISMS; RETENTION; ENDOSPERM; GRANULES AB Background: Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L) is an important crop worldwide that provides fiber for the textile industry. Cotton is a perennial plant that stores starch in stems and roots to provide carbohydrates for growth in subsequent seasons. Domesticated cotton makes these reserves available to developing seeds which impacts seed yield. The goals of these analyses were to identify genes and physiological pathways that establish cotton stems and roots as physiological sinks and investigate the role these pathways play in cotton development during seed set. Results: Analysis of field-grown cotton plants indicated that starch levels peaked about the time of first anthesis and then declined similar to reports in greenhouse-grown cotton plants. Starch accumulated along the length of the stem and the shape and size of the starch grains from stems were easily distinguished from transient starch. Microarray analyses compared gene expression in tissues containing low levels of starch with tissues rapidly accumulating starch. Statistical analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated increased expression among genes associated with starch synthesis, starch degradation, hexose metabolism, raffinose synthesis and trehalose synthesis. The anticipated changes in these sugars were largely confirmed by measuring soluble sugars in selected tissues. Conclusion: In domesticated cotton starch stored prior to flowering was available to support seed production. Starch accumulation observed in young field-grown plants was not observed in greenhouse grown plants. A suite of genes associated with starch biosynthesis was identified. The pathway for starch utilization after flowering was associated with an increase in expression of a glucan water dikinase gene as has been implicated in utilization of transient starch. Changes in raffinose levels and levels of expression of genes controlling trehalose and raffinose biosynthesis were also observed in vegetative cotton tissues as plants age. C1 [Taliercio, Earl W.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Romano, Gabriela; Scheffler, Jodi] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ayre, Brian G.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Taliercio, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Earl.Taliercio@ars.usda.gov; Gabriela.Romano@ars.USDA.gov; Jodi.Scheffler@ars.USDA.gov; bgayre@unt.edu OI Ayre, Brian/0000-0002-7399-200X NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 22 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 11 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-11 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 405OR UT WOS:000263234600001 PM 19161628 ER PT J AU Harrington, RD Herrmann-Hoesing, LM White, SN O'Rourke, KI Knowles, DP AF Harrington, Robert D. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. White, Stephen N. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Knowles, Donald P. TI Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels are unaffected by the prion 171R allele in an Idaho sheep flock SO GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; SCRAPIE-INFECTED SHEEP; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PRODUCTION TRAITS; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PROTEIN GENE; PRP GENOTYPES AB Selective breeding of sheep for arginine (R) at prion gene (PRNP) codon 171 confers resistance to classical scrapie. However, other effects of 171R selection are uncertain. Ovine progressive pneumonia/Maedi-Visna virus (OPPV) may infect up to 66% of a flock thus any affect of 171R selection on OPPV susceptibility or disease progression could have major impact on the sheep industry. Hypotheses that the PRNP 171R allele is 1) associated with the presence of OPPV provirus and 2) associated with higher provirus levels were tested in an Idaho ewe flock. OPPV provirus was found in 226 of 358 ewes by quantitative PCR. The frequency of ewes with detectable provirus did not differ significantly among the 171QQ, 171QR, and 171RR genotypes (p > 0.05). Also, OPPV provirus levels in infected ewes were not significantly different among codon 171 genotypes (p > 0.05). These results show that, in the flock examined, the presence of OPPV provirus and provirus levels are not related to the PRNP 171R allele. Therefore, a genetic approach to scrapie control is not expected to increase or decrease the number of OPPV infected sheep or the progression of disease. This study provides further support to the adoption of PRNP 171R selection as a scrapie control measure. C1 [Harrington, Robert D.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; White, Stephen N.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Knowles, Donald P.] USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Harrington, Robert D.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; White, Stephen N.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Harrington, Robert D.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [White, Stephen N.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Harrington, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rdh@vetmed.wsu.edu; lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu; swhite@vetmed.wsu.edu; korourke@vetmed.wsu.edu; dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0999-193X J9 GENET SEL EVOL JI Genet. Sel. Evol. PD JAN 22 PY 2009 VL 41 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1297-9686-41-17 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 438KO UT WOS:000265554500001 PM 19284685 ER PT J AU Ramirez, EC Johnston, DB McAloon, AJ Singh, V AF Ramirez, Edna C. Johnston, David B. McAloon, Andrew J. Singh, Vijay TI Enzymatic corn wet milling: engineering process and cost model SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article AB Background: Enzymatic corn wet milling (E-milling) is a process derived from conventional wet milling for the recovery and purification of starch and co-products using proteases to eliminate the need for sulfites and decrease the steeping time. In 2006, the total starch production in USA by conventional wet milling equaled 23 billion kilograms, including modified starches and starches used for sweeteners and ethanol production [1]. Process engineering and cost models for an E-milling process have been developed for a processing plant with a capacity of 2.54 million kg of corn per day (100,000 bu/day). These models are based on the previously published models for a traditional wet milling plant with the same capacity. The E-milling process includes grain cleaning, pretreatment, enzymatic treatment, germ separation and recovery, fiber separation and recovery, gluten separation and recovery and starch separation. Information for the development of the conventional models was obtained from a variety of technical sources including commercial wet milling companies, industry experts and equipment suppliers. Additional information for the present models was obtained from our own experience with the development of the E-milling process and trials in the laboratory and at the pilot plant scale. The models were developed using process and cost simulation software (SuperPro Designer (R)) and include processing information such as composition and flow rates of the various process streams, descriptions of the various unit operations and detailed breakdowns of the operating and capital cost of the facility. Results: Based on the information from the model, we can estimate the cost of production per kilogram of starch using the input prices for corn, enzyme and other wet milling co-products. The work presented here describes the E-milling process and compares the process, the operation and costs with the conventional process. Conclusion: The E-milling process was found to be cost competitive with the conventional process during periods of high corn feedstock costs since the enzymatic process enhances the yields of the products in a corn wet milling process. This model is available upon request from the authors for educational, research and non-commercial uses. C1 [Ramirez, Edna C.; Johnston, David B.; McAloon, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnston, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Edna.Ramirez@ars.usda.gov; David.Johnston@ars.usda.gov; Andrew.mcaloon@ars.usda.gov; vsingh@uiuc.edu NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD JAN 21 PY 2009 VL 2 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-2-2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 522OA UT WOS:000272006400001 PM 19154623 ER PT J AU Tinker, NA Kilian, A Wight, CP Heller-Uszynska, K Wenzl, P Rines, HW Bjornstad, A Howarth, CJ Jannink, JL Anderson, JM Rossnagel, BG Stuthman, DD Sorrells, ME Jackson, EW Tuvesson, S Kolb, FL Olsson, O Federizzi, LC Carson, ML Ohm, HW Molnar, SJ Scoles, GJ Eckstein, PE Bonman, JM Ceplitis, A Langdon, T AF Tinker, Nicholas A. Kilian, Andrzej Wight, Charlene P. Heller-Uszynska, Katarzyna Wenzl, Peter Rines, Howard W. Bjornstad, Asmund Howarth, Catherine J. Jannink, Jean-Luc Anderson, Joseph M. Rossnagel, Brian G. Stuthman, Deon D. Sorrells, Mark E. Jackson, Eric W. Tuvesson, Stine Kolb, Frederic L. Olsson, Olof Federizzi, Luiz Carlos Carson, Marty L. Ohm, Herbert W. Molnar, Stephen J. Scoles, Graham J. Eckstein, Peter E. Bonman, J. Michael Ceplitis, Alf Langdon, Tim TI New DArT markers for oat provide enhanced map coverage and global germplasm characterization SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS TECHNOLOGY DART; MOLECULAR LINKAGE MAP; PCR-BASED SCAR; HEXAPLOID OAT; DIVERSITY ARRAYS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CULTIVATED OAT; GENOME; RFLP; BARLEY AB Background: Genomic discovery in oat and its application to oat improvement have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers common to different genetic maps, and by the difficulty of conducting whole-genome analysis using high-throughput markers. This study was intended to develop, characterize, and apply a large set of oat genetic markers based on Diversity Array Technology (DArT). Results: Approximately 19,000 genomic clones were isolated from complexity-reduced genomic representations of pooled DNA samples from 60 oat varieties of global origin. These were screened on three discovery arrays, with more than 2000 polymorphic markers being identified for use in this study, and approximately 2700 potentially polymorphic markers being identified for use in future studies. DNA sequence was obtained for 2573 clones and assembled into a non-redundant set of 1770 contigs and singletons. Of these, 705 showed highly significant (Expectation < 10E-10) BLAST similarity to gene sequences in public databases. Based on marker scores in 80 recombinant inbred lines, 1010 new DArT markers were used to saturate and improve the 'Kanota' x 'Ogle' genetic map. DArT markers provided map coverage approximately equivalent to existing markers. After binning markers from similar clones, as well as those with 99% scoring similarity, a set of 1295 non-redundant markers was used to analyze genetic diversity in 182 accessions of cultivated oat of worldwide origin. Results of this analysis confirmed that major clusters of oat diversity are related to spring vs. winter type, and to the presence of major breeding programs within geographical regions. Secondary clusters revealed groups that were often related to known pedigree structure. Conclusion: These markers will provide a solid basis for future efforts in genomic discovery, comparative mapping, and the generation of an oat consensus map. They will also provide new opportunities for directed breeding of superior oat varieties, and guidance in the maintenance of oat genetic diversity. C1 [Tinker, Nicholas A.; Wight, Charlene P.; Molnar, Stephen J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, ECORC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Kilian, Andrzej; Heller-Uszynska, Katarzyna; Wenzl, Peter] Divers Arrays Technol PL, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Rines, Howard W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rines, Howard W.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bjornstad, Asmund] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. [Howarth, Catherine J.; Langdon, Tim] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA,Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Anderson, Joseph M.] Purdue Univ, ARS, USDA, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rossnagel, Brian G.; Scoles, Graham J.; Eckstein, Peter E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Rossnagel, Brian G.; Scoles, Graham J.; Eckstein, Peter E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Stuthman, Deon D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jackson, Eric W.; Bonman, J. Michael] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Tuvesson, Stine; Ceplitis, Alf] Svalof Weibull AB, Cereal Breeding Dept, S-26881 Svalov, Sweden. [Kolb, Frederic L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Olsson, Olof] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Federizzi, Luiz Carlos] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Plantas Lavoura, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Carson, Marty L.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Carson, Marty L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ohm, Herbert W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tinker, NA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, ECORC, KW Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave,CE Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM nick.tinker@agr.gc.ca; a.kilian@diversityarrays.com; charlene.wight@agr.gc.ca; kasia@diversityarrays.com; peter@diversityarrays.com; rines001@umn.edu; asmund.bjornstad@umb.no; cnh@aber.ac.uk; jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov; janderson@purdue.edu; brian.rossnagel@usask.ca; stuth001@umn.edu; mes12@cornell.edu; eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov; stine.tuvesson@swseed.com; f-kolb@uiuc.edu; olof.olsson@gu.se; 00002898@ufrgs.br; marty.carson@ars.usda.gov; hohm@purdue.edu; steve.molnar@agr.gc.ca; graham.scoles@usask.ca; peter.eckstein@usask.ca; mike.bonman@ars.usda.gov; alf.ceplitis@swseed.com; ttl@aber.ac.uk OI Olsson, Olof/0000-0003-3962-9183 FU Quaker Oats Company; Quaker Tropicana Gatorade Canada; North American Millers Association; CropTailor; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Anderson-USDA-ARS project [3602-21220-010-00D] FX We are grateful to the following institutions for generous funding that contributed to this work: The Quaker Oats Company [55], Quaker Tropicana Gatorade Canada [56], North American Millers Association [57], CropTailor [58], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [59], and Anderson-USDA-ARS project 3602-21220-010-00D. At DArT Pty Ltd, a number of people contributed to technology development and data production, especially Eric Huttner, Jason Carling, Vanessa Caig, and Ling Xia. We recognize the excellent technical and professional assistance of many staff and collaborators including Dr. Phillip San Miguel, Allison Witt, and Viktoria Krasnyanskaya. Finally, we thank the following for providing additional germplasm and related information that contributed to this study: Carla Adtorre, Ron Barnett, Aaron Beattie, Howard Bockelman, Vern Burrows, Hermann Burstmayr, Gongshe Hu, Axel Diederichsen, Stephen Harrison, David Hoffman (deceased), Heidi Kaeppler, Art McElroy, Michael McMullen, Jennifer Mitchell Fetch, Rickard Johnsson, Don Obert, Marcelo Pacheco, John Valentine, Weikai Yan, and Ju-Kyung Yu. We also recognize that there are many others who have contributed indirectly but generously to this work. NR 49 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 21 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-39 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 498WS UT WOS:000270177100001 PM 19159465 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Cerin, E Baranowski, J AF Baranowski, Tom Cerin, Ester Baranowski, Janice TI Steps in the design, development and formative evaluation of obesity prevention-related behavior change trials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTION; FIGHTING FIT CAMPAIGN; DIETARY-FAT; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; CHANGE PROGRAMS; SELF-EFFICACY; YOUNG-PEOPLE; HEALTH-CARE; FOOD-INTAKE AB Obesity prevention interventions through dietary and physical activity change have generally not been effective. Limitations on possible program effectiveness are herein identified at every step in the mediating variable model, a generic conceptual framework for understanding how interventions may promote behavior change. To minimize these problems, and thereby enhance likely intervention effectiveness, four sequential types of formative studies are proposed: targeted behavior validation, targeted mediator validation, intervention procedure validation, and pilot feasibility intervention. Implementing these studies would establish the relationships at each step in the mediating variable model, thereby maximizing the likelihood that an intervention would work and its effects would be detected. Building consensus among researchers, funding agencies, and journal editors on distinct intervention development studies should avoid identified limitations and move the field forward. C1 [Baranowski, Tom; Cerin, Ester; Baranowski, Janice] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.edu; cerin@bcm.edu; jbaranow@bcm.edu RI Cerin, Ester/L-1271-2015; OI Cerin, Ester/0000-0002-7599-165X; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases [5 U44 DK66724-01]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) [58-6250-6001] FX This research was primarily funded by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (5 U44 DK66724-01). This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U. S. government. NR 94 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD JAN 21 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-6-6 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 430WY UT WOS:000265024500001 PM 19159476 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD Blumberg, JB AF Lawenda, Brian D. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Re: Should Supplemental Antioxidant Administration Be Avoided During Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy? Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID NECK-CANCER PATIENTS; CELL LUNG-CANCER; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; HEAD; MORTALITY; VITAMINS C1 [Lawenda, Brian D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] USN, Radiat Oncol & Breast Hlth Ctr, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lawenda, BD (reprint author), USN, Radiat Oncol & Breast Hlth Ctr, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM brian.lawenda@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JAN 21 PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn447 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 398GU UT WOS:000262721400013 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Gould, WA Lugo, AE Medina, E AF Martinuzzi, Sebastian Gould, William A. Lugo, Ariel E. Medina, Ernesto TI Conversion and recovery of Puerto Rican mangroves: 200 years of change SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest-land cover change; Restoration; Wetlands; Conservation; Land use; Puerto Rico; Caribbean ID LAND-DEVELOPMENT; FORESTS; LANDSCAPE; FUTURE AB Human activities have dramatically reduced the world's area of mangroves just as the ecological services they provide are becoming widely recognized. Improving the conservation tools available to restore lost mangroves would benefit from a better understanding of how human activities influence the conservation of these ecosystems. We took advantage of historical information and long-term landscape analyses to relate land use change with the area of mangroves in Puerto Rico. We found that mangroves experienced dramatic changes over the last 200 years, and four distinct eras of change were visible. During the agricultural era (1800-1940) the area of mangroves declined 45%. As the economy changed to industrial in the late 1940s the area of mangrove increase due to reduced land use pressure on the wetlands. Nevertheless, urban expansion between 1960s and 1970s produced another decline. Public concern for mangrove conservation resulted in the legal protection of all the mangroves in 1972, and since then their area has expanded. We found that past human activity altered the original proportion of mangrove species. The number and size of mangrove-forest fragments was impacted by land use, and urban areas had fewer and smaller fragments than vegetated areas. Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas emerged as a major threat to mangrove conservation. Mangroves are resilient and recover quickly when given an opportunity if the geomorphological and hydrological features of the habitat are not changed by their use. The key to conservation appears to be a combination of the type of human activity in mangrove watersheds combined with strong legal protection. The following steps are recommended: (1) identify the areas that satisfy the ecological requirements of mangrove development; (2) incorporate better zoning regulations to maintain these areas natural and to protect the fluxes of water, nutrients, and organisms in and out of the system; and (3) monitor results. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinuzzi, Sebastian] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Medina, Ernesto] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, 975 W 6th St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM smartinuzzi@vandals.uidaho.edu OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 FU USGS National Cap Analysis Program (USGS-GAP); IITF GIS; RS Laboratory FX This research was funded by the USGS National Cap Analysis Program (USGS-GAP), administrated by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF), and supported by the IITF GIS and RS Laboratory. The authors would like to thanks F. Wadsworth, D. Chinea, G. Gonzalez, E. Helmer, J Aycrigg, L. Vierling and S. Sesnie for their valuable comments on a first draft of this manuscript, and M. Quinones for assisting with the figures. All research at IITF is conducted in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.037 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386AZ UT WOS:000261856000009 ER PT J AU Saab, VA Russell, RE Dudley, JG AF Saab, Victoria A. Russell, Robin E. Dudley, Jonathan G. TI Nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colaptes auratus; Melanerpes lewis; Picoides spp.; Salvage logging; Sialia spp.; Wildfire; Woodpeckers ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; STAND-REPLACEMENT FIRE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BOREAL FOREST; RIPARIAN FORESTS; BREEDING BIRDS; SIERRA-NEVADA; WILDFIRE; WOODPECKERS; HABITAT AB Large wildfire events in coniferous forests of the western United States are often followed by postfire timber harvest. The long-term impacts of postfire timber harvest on fire-associated cavity-nesting bird species are not well documented. We studied nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds over a 10-year period (1994-2003), representing 1-11 years after fire, on two burns created by mixed severity wildfires in western Idaho, USA. One burn was partially salvaged logged (the Foothills burn), the other was primarily unlogged (the Star Gulch burn). We monitored 1367 nests of six species (Lewis's Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis, Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus, Black-backed Woodpecker P. arcticus, Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus, Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana, and Mountain Bluebird S. currucoides). Habitat data at nest and non-nest random locations were characterized at fine (field collected) and coarse (remotely sensed) spatial scales. Nest-site selection for most species was consistently associated with higher snag densities and larger snag diameters, whereas wildfire location (Foothills versus Star Gulch) was secondarily important. All woodpecker species used nest sites with larger diameter snags that were surrounded by higher densities of snags than at non-nest locations. Nests of Hairy Woodpecker and Mountain Bluebird were primarily associated with the unlogged wildfire, whereas nests of Lewis's Woodpecker and Western Bluebird were associated with the partially logged burn in the early years after fire. Nests of wood-probing species (Hairy and Black-backed Woodpeckers) were also located in larger forest patch areas than patches measured at non-nest locations. Our results confirm previous findings that maintaining clumps of large snags in postfire landscapes is necessary for maintaining breeding habitat of cavity-nesting birds. Additionally, appropriately managed salvage logging can create habitat for some species of cavity-nesting birds that prefer more open environments. Our findings can be used by land mangers to develop design criteria for postfire salvage logging that will reserve breeding habitat for cavity-nesting birds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Saab, Victoria A.; Russell, Robin E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Dudley, Jonathan G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Saab, VA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th Ave Montana State Univ Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM vsaab@fs.fed.us OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU U.S. Department Agriculture; Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Fire Plan and the joint Fire Science Program FX U.S. Department Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station was the primary source of funding with additional help from other units of the Forest Service, including the Intermountain Region, Pacific Northwest Region, and Boise National Forest, principally the Mountain Home District. Other funding was provided by the National Fire Plan and the joint Fire Science Program. L. Donohoo provided logistical support and assistance with study design. J. Evans quantified burn severity on our wildfire locations. We thank all the field assistants that endured long, hot days to collect data in the charred forests with very little shade. W. Block and R. King reviewed the manuscript and provided statistical and contextual advice that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 66 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 1 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.028 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386AZ UT WOS:000261856000017 ER PT J AU Huebner, CD Morin, RS Zurbriggen, A White, RL Moore, A Twardus, D AF Huebner, Cynthia D. Morin, Randall S. Zurbriggen, Ann White, Robert L. Moore, April Twardus, Daniel TI Patterns of exotic plant invasions in Pennsylvania's Allegheny National Forest using intensive Forest Inventory and Analysis plots SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive exotic plants; Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA); Predicting invasion; Northern hardwood forests; Forest disturbance ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; ALIEN PLANTS; INVASIBILITY; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; PLATEAU; SCALE; AVAILABILITY AB Intensive Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data collected in the Allegheny National Forest (ANF), Pennsylvania, between 1999 and 2006 were evaluated for their ability to predict ANF's vulnerability to invasion by exotic plants. A total of 26 variables classified by biotic, abiotic, or disturbance characteristics were examined. Likelihood of colonization by invasive exotic and non-invasive exotic plants was analyzed using a logistic regression model. Approximately, 11% of the 449 species documented in these plots were exotic, which is higher than has been found in other northeastern forested plots. Only 1% of the ANF flora was invasive exotic plants and these were at low abundance, confirming that most invasions are still at an early stage of establishment. Sites richer in native or non-invasive exotic plants and with more alkaline soils were more likely to be invaded. Younger forests, forests with non-forest patches present and forests rich in native species were more likely to be colonized by exotic (invasive or non-invasive) plants. Frangula alnus, which is starting to spread locally, differed from the other invasive exotic species in terms of its association with high sapling density to tree density ratios, high soil nitrogen levels, and the presence of fire. Variables representing mortality due to beech bark disease and distance to the nearest exotic planting manifested counterintuitive results. In both cases, the combined occurrence of mortality due to beech bark disease or a close (less than 500 m away) known propagule source and the presence of an invasive or non-invasive exotic plant was rare. We encourage increased use of intensive sampling for FIA in the U.S.A. and similar monitoring programs in other countries, but suggest adding a step to the plot selection phase that would allow forest-wide or regional stratified sampling of typically coarse-scale variables, such as historic or predicted defoliation or fire events, and forest or land type. A more accurate picture of the importance of disturbance variables in defining forest vulnerability to plant invasion may be achieved. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huebner, Cynthia D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Morin, Randall S.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, FIA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Zurbriggen, Ann; White, Robert L.; Moore, April] Allegheny Natl Forest, Warren, PA 16365 USA. [Twardus, Daniel] No Area, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Huebner, CD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM chuebner@fs.fed.us FU Forest Health Evaluation and Monitoring Program; Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service FX This study was funded by the Forest Health Evaluation and Monitoring Program and the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service. We thank Ann Steketee for her help with the GIS layers for beech bark disease mortality and all the defoliation layers. We also thank Wendell Wallace for sharing the historic fire GIS layers. Finally, we thank all the FIA field botanists and foresters and Barbara O'Connell for helping with FIA data control and quality. We also thank Dan Binkley and one anonymous reviewer for their suggested improvements on the paper. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 1 BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.036 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386AZ UT WOS:000261856000028 ER PT J AU Anyamba, A Chretien, JP Small, J Tucker, CJ Formenty, PB Richardson, JH Britch, SC Schnabelf, DC Erickson, RL Linthicum, KJ AF Anyamba, Assaf Chretien, Jean-Paul Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Formenty, Pierre B. Richardson, Jason H. Britch, Seth C. Schnabelf, David C. Erickson, Ralph L. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Prediction of a Rift Valley fever outbreak SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE El Nino; Horn of Africa; vegetation index; risk mapping; zoonotic disease ID EL-NINO; ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; SATELLITE DATA; KENYA; VIRUS; VEGETATION; AFRICA; EPIDEMICS AB El Nino/Southern Oscillation related climate anomalies were analyzed by using a combination of satellite measurements of elevated sea-surface temperatures and subsequent elevated rainfall and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index data. A Rift Valley fever (RVF) risk mapping model using these climate data predicted areas where outbreaks of RVF in humans and animals were expected and occurred in the Horn of Africa from December 2006 to May 2007. The predictions were subsequently confirmed by entomological and epidemiological field investigations of virus activity in the areas identified as at risk. Accurate spatial and temporal predictions of disease activity, as it occurred first in southern Somalia and then through much of Kenya before affecting northern Tanzania, provided a 2 to 6 week period of warning for the Horn of Africa that facilitated disease outbreak response and mitigation activities. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective prediction of a RVF outbreak. C1 [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chretien, Jean-Paul; Erickson, Ralph L.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Formenty, Pierre B.] WHO, Communicable Dis Cluster Dept Epidem & Pandem Ale, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Richardson, Jason H.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Dept Entomol & Vector Borne Dis, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Schnabelf, David C.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, APO, AE 09831 USA. RP Anyamba, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM asaph.anyamba-1@nasa.gov RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya; World Health Organization Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response; Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX We thank the contributions of the United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, the World Health Organization Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, The United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This work and project is supported in part by the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 28 TC 141 Z9 146 U1 6 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 3 BP 955 EP 959 DI 10.1073/pnas.0806490106 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 399OR UT WOS:000262809700052 PM 19144928 ER PT J AU Brindley, MA Widrlechner, MP McCoy, JA Murphy, P Hauck, C Rizshsky, L Nikolau, B Maury, W AF Brindley, Melinda A. Widrlechner, Mark P. McCoy, Joe-Ann Murphy, Patricia Hauck, Cathy Rizshsky, Ludmila Nikolau, Basil Maury, Wendy TI Inhibition of lentivirus replication by aqueous extracts of Prunella vulgaris SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBS; IN-VITRO; METHANOL EXTRACTS; ROSMARINIC ACID; POLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOCYTOSIS; TYPE-1; CELLS; ENTRY AB Background: Various members of the mint family have been used historically in Chinese and Native American medicine. Many of these same family members, including Prunella vulgaris, have been reported to have anti-viral activities. To further characterize the anti-lentiviral activities of P. vulgaris, water and ethanol extractions were tested for their ability to inhibit equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) replication. Results: Aqueous extracts contained more anti-viral activity than did ethanol extracts, displaying potentanti-lentiviral activity against virus in cell lines as well as in primary cell cultures with little to no cellular cytotoxicity. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that the extracts were effective when added during the first four h of the viral life cycle, suggesting that the botanical constituents were targeting the virion itself or early entry events. Further analysis revealed that the extracts did not destroy EIAV virion integrity, but prevented viral particles from binding to the surface of permissive cells. Modest levels of anti-EIAV activity were also detected when the cells were treated with the extracts prior to infection, indicating that anti-EIAV botanical constituents could interact with both viral particles and permissive cells to interfere with infectivity. Size fractionation of the extract demonstrated that eight of the nine fractions generated from aqueous extracts displayed anti-viral activity. Separation of ethanol soluble and insoluble compounds in the eight active fractions revealed that ethanol-soluble constituents were responsible for the anti-viral activity in one fraction whereas ethanol-insoluble constituents were important for the anti-viral activity in two of the other fractions. In three of the five fractions that lost activity upon sub-fractionation, anti-viral activity was restored upon reconstitution of the fractions, indicating that synergistic anti-viral activity is present in several of the fractions. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that multiple Prunella constituents have profound anti-viral activity against EIAV, providing additional evidence of the broad anti-viral abilities of these extracts. The ability of the aqueous extracts to prevent entry of viral particles into permissive cells suggests that these extracts may function as promising microbicides against lentiviruses. C1 [Brindley, Melinda A.; Maury, Wendy] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.; McCoy, Joe-Ann] USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn MPW, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Murphy, Patricia; Hauck, Cathy] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rizshsky, Ludmila; Nikolau, Basil] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCoy, Joe-Ann] N Carolina Arboretum, NCSU, Bent Creek Inst, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Maury, W (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM melinda.brindley@gmail.com; Mark.Widrlechner@ARS.USDA.GOV; Jmccoy@NCARBORETUM.ORG; pmurphy@iastate.edu; cchauck@iastate.edu; ludmilar@iastate.edu; dimmas@iastate.edu; wendy-maury@uiowa.edu OI Rizhsky, Ludmila/0000-0003-2323-8225 FU National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [9P50AT004155-06]; Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) FX This publication was made possible by grant number 9P50AT004155-06 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NCCAM, or NIH. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U. S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-6-8 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 414CI UT WOS:000263841100002 PM 19154592 ER PT J AU Evans, S Camara, MD Langdon, CJ AF Evans, Sanford Camara, Mark D. Langdon, Christopher J. TI Heritability of shell pigmentation in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Pacific oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Pigmentation; Heritability; Breeding ID APOSTATIC SELECTION; COLOR POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-CONTROL; MYTILUS-EDULIS; INHERITANCE; PATTERN; MICROSATELLITES; REFLEXIVE; THUNBERG AB The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a species of considerable economic importance, with among the highest global production of any cultured aquatic animal species. In the interest of increasing the value of Pacific oysters sold as "singles" for the half-shell market, we explored the feasibility of modifying shell pigmentation through selective breeding by estimating both the broad- and narrow-sense heritability of total left-shell pigmentation in C. gigas. Twenty-six full-sib families derived from parents collected from a naturalized population in Dabob Bay, WA, were spawned in the hatchery and raised in an intertidal environment for 2 years. At harvest, we sampled shells from each family and quantified their total left-shell pigmentation using digital image analysis. We estimated broad-sense heritability based on full-sib intraclass correlations and narrow-sense heritability based on midparent-offspring regression as 0.91 +/- 038 and 0.59 +/- 0.19, respectively. We further examined the distributions of pigmentation levels among individuals within full-sib families and found high within-family variation in total shell pigmentation that in the majority of families was normally and continuously distributed. However, offspring within two families segregated into phenotypically distinct "lighter" and "darker" shell groups in a 3:1 ratio (chi(2), P>0.766) supporting the hypothesis that a single major gene is segregating in these families with the "light" allele being dominant over the "dark" allele. We conclude that selective breeding acting on this high additive genetic variance should be effective in altering total shell pigmentation and that further work is needed to confirm the existence and mode of inheritance of a putative major gene affecting total shell pigmentation in C. gigas. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Evans, Sanford; Langdon, Christopher J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Evans, Sanford; Langdon, Christopher J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] ARS, USDA, Shellfish Genet Program, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Evans, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ford.evans@oregonstate.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service Shellfish Genetics Program [5358-31000-001-00D] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Sean Matson, Drew Mosher, John Brake, and Ebru Onal in the hatchery and Alan Barton, Chris Emerson and Dan Troop in the field. Valuable assistance analyzing shell pigmentation was provided by Jennifer Ferschweiler and Maria Hargand. The authors also wish to thank Taylor Shellfish Farms for the generous use of their facilities. Support for this research was supplied in part from the USDA-CSREES Molluscan Broodstock Program, Mamie Markham Award Fund and the Walter Jones Scholarship Fund. Funding was also provided from the USDA Agricultural Research Service Shellfish Genetics Program (CRIS Project #5358-31000-001-00D), to M. D. C. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 17 PY 2009 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.09.022 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395RT UT WOS:000262541900009 ER PT J AU Medvigy, D Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Hollinger, DY Moorcroft, PR AF Medvigy, D. Wofsy, S. C. Munger, J. W. Hollinger, D. Y. Moorcroft, P. R. TI Mechanistic scaling of ecosystem function and dynamics in space and time: Ecosystem Demography model version 2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; NONLINEAR INVERSION; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; MIDLATITUDE FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF NITROGEN; LONG-TERM AB Insights into how terrestrial ecosystems affect the Earth's response to changes in climate and rising atmospheric CO(2) levels rely heavily on the predictions of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). These models contain detailed mechanistic representations of biological processes affecting terrestrial ecosystems; however, their ability to simultaneously predict field-based measurements of terrestrial vegetation dynamics and carbon fluxes has remained largely untested. In this study, we address this issue by developing a constrained implementation of a new structured TBM, the Ecosystem Demography model version 2 (ED2), which explicitly tracks the dynamics of fine-scale ecosystem structure and function. Carbon and water flux measurements from an eddy-flux tower are used in conjunction with forest inventory measurements of tree growth and mortality at Harvard Forest (42.5 degrees N, 72.1 degrees W) to estimate a number of important but weakly constrained model parameters. Evaluation against a decade of tower flux and forest dynamics measurements shows that the constrained ED2 model yields greatly improved predictions of annual net ecosystem productivity, carbon partitioning, and growth and mortality dynamics of both hardwood and conifer trees. The generality of the model formulation is then evaluated by comparing the model's predictions against measurements from two other eddy-flux towers and forest inventories of the northeastern United States and Quebec. Despite the markedly different composition throughout this region, the optimized model realistically predicts observed patterns of carbon fluxes and tree growth. These results demonstrate how TBMs parameterized with field-based measurements can provide quantitative insight into the underlying biological processes governing ecosystem composition, structure, and function at larger scales. C1 [Hollinger, D. Y.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Moorcroft, P. R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Medvigy, D.; Wofsy, S. C.; Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM medvigy@post.harvard.edu; steven_wofsy@harvard.edu; jwmunger@seas.harvard.edu; dhollinger@fs.fed.us; paul_moorcroft@harvard.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU National Science Foundation BE/CBC Program [ATM-0221850]; BE program [ATM-0450307]; Harvard Forest LTER; Office of Science; Biological and Environmental Research Program ( BER); U.S. Department of Energy; National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) [DE-FC02-03ER63613]; BER; NICCR [DE-FC02-06ER64157]; Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-07ER64358] FX P. R. Moorcroft, S. C. Wofsy, J. W. Munger, and D. Y. Hollinger gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation BE/CBC Program grant ATM-0221850 and BE program grant ATM-0450307. P. R. Moorcroft, S. C. Wofsy, and J. W. Munger also acknowledge funding from the Harvard Forest LTER, and from the Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program ( BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy, through the northeast regional center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) and through the northeastern region of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) under cooperative agreement DE-FC02-03ER63613. Measurements at the Harvard Forest site are supported by the BER through the NICCR (DE-FC02-06ER64157)and the Terrestrial Carbon Program ( DE-FG02-07ER64358). The authors also thank Mark Friedl and Tan Bin for their assistance and generosity in providing the MODIS-derived leaf onset and offset dates used in the prescribed phenology model. NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. NR 70 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 84 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G01002 DI 10.1029/2008JG000812 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 396YL UT WOS:000262628600002 ER PT J AU Sauve, AK Huntington, GB Burns, JC AF Sauve, A. K. Huntington, G. B. Burns, J. C. TI Effects of total nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen balance on voluntary intake of goats and digestibility of gamagrass hay harvested at sunrise and sunset SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Goats; Gamagrass hay; Nonstructural carbohydrates; N metabolism ID DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; BEEF STEERS; TALL FESCUE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; DAIRY-COWS; PREFERENCE; SUNDOWN; SUNUP; CUT AB We evaluated differences in composition of luka gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) hay harvested at 06:00 (AM hat-vest) or 18:00 h (PM harvest), and measured how protein supplementation and time of harvest interact to affect the voluntary intake, digestibility, and IN balance of goats. Boer cross wethers (n = 28; 24 kg) were randomly assigned to be fed supplement (3 10 g/kg of crude protein (CP), fed at 110 g/kg of dry matter (I)M) intake. 14 goats) or no supplement (14 goats). Within supplemented or not supplemented groups, goats were randomly assigned to a crossover design of AM harvest (seven goals) or PM harvest (seven goats), and housed individually in metabolism crates with free access to water and mineral blocks. They were fed twice daily, with Supplement offered 30 min prior to the morning feedings. After a 7-d adaptation, voluntary intake (goats were offered 1100 g/kg of previous day's intake) was measured for 14d, followed by it 4-d adjustment phase to equalize DM offered between periods, and finally a 5-d digestion and balance phase. After Period 1, goats were switched to their new hay harvest times, and the protocol was repeated. Compared to the AM harvest, the PM harvest had higher (P<0.03) proportions of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC, 70.8 g/kg DM versus 59.0 g/kg DM), monosaccharides (37.0 g/kg DM versus 28.6 g/kg DM), di- and polysaccharides (18.5 g/kg DM versus 15.4 g/kg DM) and less neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 700 g/kg versus 7 10 g/kg). Crude protein (79 g/kg DM) and starch (15.2 g/kg DM) were similar for the PM and AM harvest. Dry matter digestibility was higher (P<0.03) for the PM versus AM harvests (555 g/kg DM versus 53 1 g/kg DM) and for supplemented versus not supplemented (563 g/kg DM versus 522 g/kg DM). Voluntary gamagrass DM intake (550 g/d versus 548 g/d) and calculated total digestible DM intake (327 g/d versus 313 g/d) were similar for the PM and AM harvest. However, total digestible DM intake during the digestion and balance phase was higher (P<0.01) for the PM versus AM harvest (317 g/d versus 299 g/d). Time of harvest did not affect N intake, digestion, or calculated retention. Compared to no supplementation, the supplement improved (P<0.01) N digestion (6.1 g/d versus 3.7 g/d) and retention (2.2 g/d versus 1.1 g/d). The PM harvest increased DM digested, largely TNC and digestible DM intake by goats due to increased TNC and not because of a 2% increase in DM intake. Providing a protein supplement had very limited effects on intake and digestibility of gamagrass. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sauve, A. K.; Huntington, G. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huntington, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gerald_huntington@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 16 PY 2009 VL 148 IS 2-4 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.03.001 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 401QV UT WOS:000262957800001 ER PT J AU Darrow, PA Shivik, JA AF Darrow, Patrick Austin Shivik, John Anthony TI Bold, shy, and persistent: Variable coyote response to light and sound stimuli SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Behavior-contingent; Canis latrans; Deterrent; Frightening device; Habituation; Repellent; Wildlife damage management ID PREDATION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; SENSES AB To improve frightening device technology for managing predation, we examined variation in coyote (Canis latrans) response to visual, auditory, and combined stimuli using a behavior-contingent programmable frightening device. We hoped to gather information on the relative effectiveness of light, sound, and combined stimuli for deterring coyotes from a food resource. We exposed five pairs of captive coyotes each to one of three stimuli during a 10-day treatment period. Coyotes habituated to the three stimuli differentially (chi(2) = 7.8. d.. = 2. P = 0.02). Four of five coyote pairs habituated to sound treatment, one of five pairs habituated to light stimulus, and none of five pairs habituated to combined stimuli. We further examined variability in coyote response to the device and determined that social status predicted boldness; 67% (S.E. = 12%) and 33% (S.E. = 12%) of subordinate and dominant coyotes attempted to eat the protected food respectively. Similarly, 60% (S.E. = 15%) and 20% (S.E. = 18%) of subordinate and dominant coyotes habituated and ate respectively. Our findings suggest that light may be the most important component of a frightening device for coyotes. but because coyotes can be bold or persistent, significant numbers of coyotes are expected to overcome a frightening device's long-term effectiveness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Darrow, Patrick Austin; Shivik, John Anthony] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Darrow, PA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 153 BNR Bldg, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM patrick.a.darrow@aphis.usda.gov FU Jack H. Berryman Institute of Wildlife Damage Management; Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center FX We would like to thank the staff at the Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center's Predator Research Facility in Millville, UT, for their co-operation with this study as well as the employees of Elite Security for assistance during the study. We would also like to thank Susan Durham for statistical assistance. The study was funded by the Jack H. Berryman Institute of Wildlife Damage Management and the Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center. Research and Institutional Animal Care and Use protocols were approved by the National Wildlife Research Center (QA 1286). NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 116 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.06.013 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 398LU UT WOS:000262734400010 ER PT J AU Johnson, KD Scatena, FN Johnson, AH Pan, YD AF Johnson, Kristofer D. Scatena, Frederick N. Johnson, Arthur H. Pan, Yude TI Controls on soil organic matter content within a northern hardwood forest SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Forest soils; Northern hardwood; Soil organic matter; Spatial distribution model ID TOPSOIL CARBON STORAGE; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; FLOOR; SEQUESTRATION; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; MINERALIZATION AB Forest soils can act as both sinks and sources for atmospheric CO(2) and therefore have an important role in the global carbon cycle. Yet the controls on forest soil organic matter content (SOM) distribution at the scale of operational land management scales within forest types are rarely quantified in detail. To identify factors that influence the spatial distribution and accumulation of SOM in forests, soils and stand composition data from 42 even-aged northern hardwood forest plots were analyzed using multiple linear regression and non-parametric statistical approaches. The analysis included three layers of SOM pools (forest floor, 0-20 cm mineral soil, and 20+ cm, mineral soil) over three spatial scales (point, plot and regional). The largest amounts of total SOM (mean=289, std dev=70 Mg ha(-1)) occurred in deep and well drained soils located on gently grading slopes. When soil layers were analyzed separately, the following relationships were observed: 1) highest forest floor SOM occurred under mixed species composition as opposed to stands dominated by sugar maple, 2) highest 0-20 cm mineral SOM occurred at high elevations (greater than 450 m) in moderately well drained soils, and 3) highest 20+ cm mineral SOM also occurred at high elevations and when soils were deeper. Further analysis of 0-20 cm mineral layer revealed that lower rock volume and finer soil texture resulted in higher SOM at a single point. When SOM that was predicted from models based on plot-specific attributes (soils series, slope and aspect) were compared to soil survey SOM estimates, the mean SOM values for both approaches were similar (253 and 269 Mg ha(-1) respectively). Easily identifiable characteristics such as mixed stand composition, the presence of forest floor and E horizon thickness may be used as field indicators of SOM storage. The variety of controls identified in this study should be considered when assessing soil carbon response to management options and future changes in climate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Kristofer D.; Scatena, Frederick N.; Johnson, Arthur H.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pan, Yude] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, KD (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kristof2@sas.upenn.edu; fns@sas.upenn.edu; ahj@sas.upenn.edu; yudepan@princeton.edu RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 FU USDA Forest Service FX This project was is part supported by the USDA Forest Service. Many thanks to David Vann for helping with data needs and Alain Plante for written comments. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.002 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 399CM UT WOS:000262778000011 ER PT J AU Blecker, SW Connolly, SC Cardon, GE Kelly, EF AF Blecker, S. W. Connolly, S. C. Cardon, G. E. Kelly, E. F. TI The role of mining and agricultural activity in creating coexisting but divergent soils, San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil formation; Irrigation; Acid mine drainage; Calcium carbonate; Mineralogy ID DESERT SOILS; IRRIGATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; GYPSUM; IMPACT; WATER; YEMEN; AREA AB Application of irrigation water, especially through flood or furrow methods can have profound impacts on soil morphological, chemical, and physical properties. Using a variety of field and laboratory techniques, we examined the impact of both acidic and alkaline irrigation water on a host of soil properties in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado. Impacts on calcium carbonate, clay content, and gypsum to a depth of 1 m are presented for 4 sites; a control, two sites exposed to acidic irrigation water, and one site exposed to alkaline irrigation water. Along with the increased water in this and ecosystem, water quality and sediment content have likely contributed to the pedologic changes observed in this system. One of the most prominent changes is the removal of carbonate within the upper meter of soil at the site with the greatest exposure to acidic irrigation water. Changes in soil structure and color, differences in clay mineralogy and rock fragment weathering, and the presence of jarosite provide further evidence of accelerated weathering along this management gradient. The sum of these changes has resulted in a shift in the soil classification and has potential implications on buffering capacity and soil productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blecker, S. W.; Kelly, E. F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Connolly, S. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. [Cardon, G. E.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Blecker, SW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM sblecker@usgs.gov RI Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX This project was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to fill data gaps in the USEPA Superfund Site Risk Assessment and Off-Site Impact Statement associated with the Summitville Gold Mine. These agencies cooperated under the authority of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) to fulfill the study objectives. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 399CM UT WOS:000262778000015 ER PT J AU Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Owens, LB AF Jacinthe, P. A. Lal, R. Owens, L. B. TI Application of stable isotope analysis to quantify the retention of eroded carbon in grass filters at the North Appalachian experimental watersheds SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil erosion; 13C isotope; Grass filters; Corn-derived C; Terrestrial deposits ID ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; SOIL-EROSION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CULTIVATED SOILS; LAND-USE; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL; STORAGE; RUNOFF AB The entrapment of eroded soil organic carbon (SOC) in grass filters could affect watershed C export, but the magnitude of the process is rarely quantified. In order to assess the retention of eroded C in these settings, SOC stock was measured in grass buffers receiving runoff from cropped watersheds under long-term (>20 y): chisel-till (CT) corn (Zea mays, L)-soybean [Glycine max, (L) Merr.] rotation, moldboard plowing (MP) continuous corn (CC), and no-till (NT) CC. Adjacent reference grasslands not affected by erosion were also sampled. In the CC watersheds, the delta(13)C of bulk soil and soil separates was determined to identify the source of SOC in the grass filters. After accounting for differences in the number of corn crops, SOC stock in the MP watershed showed a corn-C deficit of 9.3 Mg C ha(-1) compared to NT. Corn-C accounted for 2 to 16% (mean: 5.2 Mg C ha(-1)) of the total SOC pool in the grass filter and, assuming water erosion as the main determinant of C distribution, this corn-C gain translates into the retention of 55% of eroded C in the grass strip. Relative to the reference grasslands, SOC stock in the grass filters was up to 30 Mg C ha(-1) higher, an amount deemed too large to be attributed solely to retention of eroded C (export rate: 0.05-0.08 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1)). Periodic delivery of nutrients may have enhanced biomass production and indirectly contributed to the observed SOC accrual in grass filters. Higher extractable P and higher C:N ratios at these locations support that hypothesis. These results demonstrate the applicability of (13)C isotope to trace SOC sources in buffers receiving runoff from areas supporting C(4) vegetation. They also underscore the need to incorporate in-situ biomass production and burial processes in assessing the temporal evolution of SOC stocks in terrestrial deposits and the contribution of these landscape segments to watershed C budget. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacinthe, P. A.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lal, R.] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Owens, L. B.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Jacinthe, PA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 723 W Michigan St,SL 122, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pjacinth@iupui.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.013 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 399CM UT WOS:000262778000018 ER PT J AU Svendsen, KM Renshaw, CE Magilligan, FJ Nislow, KH Kaste, JM AF Svendsen, Kristen M. Renshaw, Carl E. Magilligan, Francis J. Nislow, Keith H. Kaste, James M. TI Flow and sediment regimes at tributary junctions on a regulated river: impact on sediment residence time and benthic macroinvertebrate communities SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE flow regulation; dams; isotopes; macroinvertebrates; tributary junctions ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; Y-MOCH DAM; INVERTEBRATE FAUNAS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; HYDROLOGIC REGIME; CHANNEL CHANGES; FINE SEDIMENT; HABITAT; STREAMS; COLORADO AB Tributaries may either ameliorate or exacerbate the geomorphic and ecologic impacts of flow regulation by altering the flux Of water and sediment into the flow-regulated mainstem. To capture the effects of tributary influences on a flow regulated river. long-term discharge and cross-sectional data are used to assess the geomorphic and hydrologic impacts of impoundment. In addition. the use of the short-lived cosmogenic radioisotope (7)Be (half-life 53.4 days) to link sediment transport dynamics to benthic macroinvertebrate community structure is evaluated. It is found that the 7 Be activity of transitional bed load sediment is highly seasonal and reflects both variations in activity of sediment sources and limited sediment residence time within the junction. Benthic communities also exhibit it strong seasonal variability. In the spring, neither the 7 Be activity of the sediment, nor benthic communities exhibit clear relationships with sample site location. In contrast, during the late summer the ratio of Ephemeroptera (mayflies)/Trichoptera (caddisflies) decreased significantly below tributary junctions. This decrease in benthic community ratio was driven by increases in caddisfly abundance and was strongly correlated with the presence of recently 7 Be tagged transitional bedload sediment. These observations are probably associated with the presence of coarse, stable, and unembedded Substrate downstream of triburaries and the rapid turnover of sediment that may also be associated with a rapid flux in nutrients or seston. The results show that tributaries are impacting the flow-regulated mainstem and that these impacts are reflected in the benthic community structure and in the (7)Be activity of transitional bed load sediment. Moreover. the observed reduction ill Competence and capacity of the mainstem following flood control suggests that these spatial discontinuities may be a consequence Of impoundment. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Svendsen, Kristen M.; Renshaw, Carl E.; Kaste, James M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Magilligan, Francis J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Renshaw, CE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Carl.Renshaw@Dartmouth.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0322850]; Vermont Geological Society FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0322850), and the Vermont Geological Society. We greatly appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers; their suggestions greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 284 EP 296 DI 10.1002/hyp.7144 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 396OW UT WOS:000262602000009 ER PT J AU Langner, KFA Jarvis, DL Nimtz, M Heselhaus, JE McHolland, LE Leibold, W Drolet, BS AF Langner, Kathrin F. A. Jarvis, Donald L. Nimtz, Manfred Heselhaus, Julia E. McHolland, Linda E. Leibold, Wolfgang Drolet, Barbara S. TI Identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (Cul s 1) of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides spp.; Summer eczema; Salivary proteins; Recombinant allergens; Immunoblotting; Histamine release test; Intradermal testing ID INSECT BITE HYPERSENSITIVITY; SWEET ITCH; ICELANDIC HORSES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DERMAL HYPERSENSITIVITY; NUBECULOSUS DIPTERA; RAPID PURIFICATION; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SKIN-TEST AB Salivary proteins of Culicoides biting midges are thought to play a key role in summer eczema (SE), a seasonal recurrent allergic dermatitis in horses. The present study describes the identification, expression and clinical relevance of a candidate allergen of the North American midge Culicoides sonorensis. Immunoblot analysis of midge saliva revealed a 66 kDa protein (Cul s 1) that was bound by IgE from several SE-affected (SE+) horses. Further characterisation by fragmentation, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics identified Cul s 1 as maltase, an enzyme involved in sugar meal digestion. A cDNA encoding Cul s I was isolated and expressed as a polyhistidine-tagged fusion protein in a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. The clinical relevance of the affinity-purified recombinant Cul s 1 (rCul s 1) was investigated by immunoblotting, histamine release testing (HRT) and intradermal testing (IDT) in eight SE+ and eight control horses. Seven SE+ horses had rCul s 1-specific IgE, whereas only one control animal had IgE directed against this allergen. Furthermore, the HRT showed rCul s 1 induced basophil degranulation in samples from seven of eight SE+ horses but in none of the control animals. rCul s 1 also induced immediate (7/8), late-phase (8/8) and delayed (118) skin reactivity in IDT on all SE+ horses that had a positive test with the whole body extract (WBE) of C sonorensis. None of the control horses showed immediate or delayed skin reactivity with rCul s 1, and only one control horse had a positive late-phase response, while several non-specific late-phase reactions were observed with the insect WBE. Thus, we believe rCul s I is the first specific salivary allergen of C sonorensis to be described that promises to advance both in vitro and in vivo diagnosis and may contribute to the development of immunotherapy for SE in horses. (c) 2008 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Langner, Kathrin F. A.; Heselhaus, Julia E.; Leibold, Wolfgang] Univ Vet Med, Immunol Unit, D-30173 Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. [Jarvis, Donald L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Nimtz, Manfred] Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [McHolland, Linda E.; Drolet, Barbara S.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Langner, KFA (reprint author), Univ Vet Med, Immunol Unit, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. EM kathrin.langner@tiho-hannover.de FU USDA, Medical, Veterinary,; Urban Entomology National Program [5410-32000-014]; NIH [GM049734] FX The authors thank James Kempert, Kyle Chitty, Udo Rabe and Silke Schoeneberg for their technical assistance. This work was supported by a scholarship of the Max-Kade Foundation awarded to K.F.A. Langner, by the USDA, Medical, Veterinary, and Urban Entomology National Program, Project Number 5410-32000-014, and by NIH Grant GM049734 to D.L. Jarvis. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.008 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 398ZM UT WOS:000262770200012 PM 18708061 ER PT J AU McEvoy, JL Luo, Y Conway, W Zhou, B Feng, H AF McEvoy, James L. Luo, Yaguang Conway, William Zhou, Bin Feng, Hao TI Potential of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to grow on field-cored lettuce as impacted by postharvest storage time and temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; Lettuce; Field coring; Food safety ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; LEAF LETTUCE; O157-H7; VEGETABLES; CONSUMPTION; IRRIGATION; MICROSCOPY; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; FRUITS AB A recent development in iceberg lettuce harvesting is field coring, the technique of removing the outer leaves and the cores of the lettuce heads at the time of harvesting in order to reduce shipping waste and maximize production yield. However, this method may increase the potential for contamination during field procedures and therefore, it is important to evaluate the survival and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pre-cored lettuce under simulated field conditions. Using a coring knife artificially contaminated with 2 x 10(5) cells of E. coli O157:H7, the transfer of the pathogen to lettuce heads and subsequent growth of the pathogen at simulated field and refrigerated temperatures (30 and 5 degrees C) were examined. No significant (P>0.05) growth or loss of viability of E. coli O157:H7 was noted at 5 degrees C during an 8 h incubation period. However, at 30 degrees C, significant (P<0.001) increases in E coli O157:H7 populations occurred between 0 to 4 h and 4 to 8 h. Regardless of whether E. coli O157:H7 were cold-stressed prior to use as inoculum, E.coli O157:H7 populations increased by more than 2.0 log cfu/g at 30 degrees C from 0 to 8 h. A single contaminated coring knife was found to successively inoculate at least nineteen lettuce heads. These findings suggest that preventing contamination of the coring knife and cored lettuce, as well as prompt chilling of freshly cored lettuce heads, are necessary steps to ensure the safety of field-cored iceberg lettuce. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McEvoy, James L.; Luo, Yaguang; Conway, William] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhou, Bin; Feng, Hao] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP McEvoy, JL (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Bldg 002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.mcevoy@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 128 IS 3 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.08.008 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 398ZF UT WOS:000262769500015 PM 19019473 ER PT J AU Rosa, MF Chiou, BS Medeiros, ES Wood, DF Mattoso, LHC Orts, WJ Imam, SH AF Rosa, Morsyleide F. Chiou, Bor-sen Medeiros, Eliton S. Wood, Delilah F. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. Orts, William J. Imam, Syed H. TI Biodegradable Composites Based on Starch/EVOH/Glycerol Blends and Coconut Fibers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coir fiber; starch; biocomposites; EVOH ID POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYESTER COMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; WATER-ABSORPTION; SISAL FIBER; STARCH; REINFORCEMENT; GLYCEROL AB Unripe coconut fibers were used as filters in a biodegradable polymer matrix of starch/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)/glycerol. The effects of fiber content on the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties were evaluated. The addition of coconut fiber into starch/EVOH/glycerol blends reduced the ductile behavior of the matrix by making the composites more brittle. At low fiber content, blends were more flexible, with higher tensile strength than at higher fiber levels. The temperature at the maximum degradation rate slightly shifted to lower values as fiber content increased. comparing blends with and without fibers, there was,as no drastic change in melt temperature of the matrix with increase of fiber content, indicating that fibers did not lead to significant changes in crystalline structure. The microgaphs of the tensile fractured specimens showed a large number of holes resulting from fiber pull-out from the matrix, indicating poor adhesion between fiber and matrix. Although starch alone degraded readily, starch/EVOH/glycerol blends exhibited much slower degradation in compost. Composites produced 24.4-28.8% less CO(2) compared with starch in a closed-circuit respirometer. Addition of increasing amount of fiber in starch/EVOH/glycerol composite had no impact on its biodegradation. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 612-618, 2009 C1 [Rosa, Morsyleide F.; Chiou, Bor-sen; Medeiros, Eliton S.; Wood, Delilah F.; Orts, William J.; Imam, Syed H.] ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rosa, Morsyleide F.] Embrapa Agroind Trop, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM syed.imam@ars.usda.gov RI Medeiros, Eliton/C-5768-2013; Rosa, Morsyleide/G-2570-2013; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Rosa, Morsyleide/0000-0002-5224-9778; Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU EMBRAPA; Labex/program; CNPq; FINEP; CAPES; ARS/USDA FX Contract grant sponsors: EMBRAPA, Labex/program, CNPq, FINEP, CAPES, ARS/USDA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 2 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1002/app.29062 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 375ZO UT WOS:000261152500026 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM LaNier, J Haggerty, R AF Wondzell, Steven M. LaNier, Justin Haggerty, Roy TI Evaluation of alternative groundwater flow models for simulating hyporheic exchange in a small mountain stream SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MODFLOW; MT3D; Verification; Validation; Hyporheic zone; Tracers ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; HEAD SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; SURFACE; BOUNDARY; TRANSPORT AB Groundwater flow models have been used to estimate the amount of exchange flow and the residence time distribution of stream water in the hyporheic zone. However, reliability of these predictions have not been tested. We ask the questions: (1) how reliable are hyporheic groundwater models in typical applications examining hyporheic exchange flows? and (2) how does the reliability change with increased data availability and model sophistication? We developed groundwater flow models of the hyporheic zone for a mountain stream in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. The models are based on surveyed topography and hydraulic conductivity (K) measurements from both slug tests and a well-to-well tracer test. We developed several models using different methods to estimate two of the most uncertain parameters - K and the depth and shape of the bedrock boundary. We first tested the goodness of fit of each model to the water levels observed in a network of wells and piezometers. Results showed that differences among models in predicted heads were quite small, whereas differences among estimated hyporheic fluxes varied by a factor of two. We then tested the model predictions of tracer arrival times to each well in the network during a stream-tracer injection. Comparison of simulated and observed travel times showed that increased model sophistication did not lead to improved model reliability, because travel time predictions from the homogeneous model were equal to, or better than, the predictions from the heterogeneous models. While general trends in solute breakthrough were correct in the models, K data from even 37 wells in a 15 m by 50 m model domain were insufficient to characterize detailed arrival times accurately. This suggests that geomorphic data may be sufficient to predict water fluxes through the subsurface and approximate travel times. However, for detailed analysis of solute transport pathways and breakthroughs, intensive sampling of the subsurface may be necessary. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wondzell, Steven M.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [LaNier, Justin; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us; justin.lanier@ch2m.com; haggertr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 364 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.10.011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 399HB UT WOS:000262789900013 ER PT J AU Villamor, E Bosch, RJ Mugusi, F Urassa, W Saathoff, E Matsumoto, K Meydani, SN Fawzi, WW AF Villamor, Eduardo Bosch, Ronald J. Mugusi, Ferdinand Urassa, Willy Saathoff, Elmar Matsumoto, Kenji Meydani, Simin N. Fawzi, Wafaie W. TI Nutrient Supplementation and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Villamor, Eduardo; Matsumoto, Kenji; Fawzi, Wafaie W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Villamor, Eduardo; Fawzi, Wafaie W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bosch, Ronald J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat & AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bosch, Ronald J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Meydani, Simin N.] Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol,Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin N.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mugusi, Ferdinand] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Internal Med, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Urassa, Willy] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Saathoff, Elmar] Univ Munich, Dept Trop Med, Munich, Germany. RP Villamor, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM evillamo@hsph.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 2 BP 288 EP 288 DI 10.1086/595795 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 389IQ UT WOS:000262086500021 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Mertens, DR Kim, H Funk, C Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Grabber, John H. Mertens, David R. Kim, Hoon Funk, Carola Lu, Fachuang Ralph, John TI Cell wall fermentation kinetics are impacted more by lignin content and ferulate cross-linking than by lignin composition SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cell wall; lignin; ferulate; digestibility; fermentability ID ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; MAIZE LIGNIN; DEGRADABILITY; FIBER; GRASS; DIGESTIBILITY; MODEL; ADSORPTION; MICROBIOTA; INTERNODE AB BACKGROUND: We used a biomimetic model system to ascertain how reductions in ferulate-lignin cross-linking and shifts in lignin composition influence ruminal cell wall fermentation. Primary walls from maize cell suspensions with normal or reduced feruloylation were artificially lignified with various monolignols previously identified in normal, mutant, and transgenic plants. Cell wall fermentability was determined from gas production during in vitro incubation with rumen microflora and by analysis of non-fermented polysaccharides. RESULTS: Hemicellulose fermentation lag time increased by 37%, rate decreased by 37%, and the extent declined by 18% as cell wall lignin content increased from 0.5 to 124 mg g(-1). Lignification increased lag time for cellulose fermentation by 12-fold. Ferulate-lignin cross-linking accounted for at least one-half of the inhibitory effect of lignin on cell wall fermentation. Incorporating sinapyl p-coumarate, a precursor of p-coumaroylated grass lignin, increased the extent of hemicellulose fermentation by 5%. Polymerizing varying ratios of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols or incorporating 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol, coniferaldehyde, sinapyl acetate, or dihydroconiferyl alcohol into lignin did not alter the kinetics of cell wall fermentation. CONCLUSION:The results indicate that selection or engineering of plants for reduced lignification or ferulate-lignin cross-linking will improve fiber fermentability more than current approaches for shifting lignin composition. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Grabber, John H.; Mertens, David R.; Kim, Hoon; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kim, Hoon; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Funk, Carola] Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM John.Grabber@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [1994-37500-0580, 1996-35304-3864, 2003-35103-13834]; H. Wilhelm Schaumann Stiftung FX The authors thank Christy Davidson and Len Strozinski for skill and persistence in running cell wall fermentations and Ronald Hatfield and Jane Marita for their assistance with ferulate and p-coumarate analysis. This work was supported in part by USDA-NRI (1994-37500-0580, 1996-35304-3864, and 2003-35103-13834) and H. Wilhelm Schaumann Stiftung. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 43 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3418 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 384VY UT WOS:000261773500016 ER PT J AU Lee, S Biresaw, G Kinney, MP Inglett, GE AF Lee, Suyong Biresaw, Girma Kinney, Mary P. Inglett, George E. TI Effect of cocoa butter replacement with a beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid (C-trim30) on the rheological and tribological properties of chocolates SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE chocolate; beta-glucan; hydrocolloid; rheology; tribology ID MILK CHOCOLATE; TEXTURE; POWDERS; STORAGE; BAKING AB BACKGROUND: The food industry has been facing the challenge of developing low-fat and low-calorie food products due to rising health awareness of consumers. To meet this consumer demand, an oat beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid (C-trim30) was evaluated as a cocoa butter substitute in chocolates. The effects of C-trim30 on the rheological, tribological, and textural properties of chocolates were investigated. RESULTS: The viscosity of molten chocolates increased with increasing levels of C-trim30. Flow behaviors analyzed using the Casson model showed that the Casson viscosity and yield stress increased with increasing concentration of C-trim30 in the chocolate. Tribological tests on a ball-on-flat tribometer showed a reduction in boundary coefficients of friction, with increasing C-trim30. In addition, hardness of chocolates showed that replacement of cocoa butter with C-trim30 produced chocolates with softer texture. CONCLUSIONS: The cocoa butter replacement with C-trim30 up to 10% produced soft chocolates with improved boundary lubrication properties. Also, the chocolate prepared by replacing the cocoa butter with C-trim30 resulted in a product with a lower caloric value and increased health benefits from the oat beta-glucan. Published 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Biresaw, Girma; Kinney, Mary P.; Inglett, George E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM suyonglee@sejong.ac.kr NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3424 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 384VY UT WOS:000261773500022 ER PT J AU Suchodolski, PF Izumiya, Y Lupiani, B Ajithdoss, DK Gilad, O Lee, LF Kung, HJ Reddy, SM AF Suchodolski, Paulette F. Izumiya, Yoshihiro Lupiani, Blanca Ajithdoss, Dharani K. Gilad, Oren Lee, Lucy F. Kung, Hsing-Jien Reddy, Sanjay M. TI Homodimerization of Marek's Disease Virus-Encoded Meq Protein Is Not Sufficient for Transformation of Lymphocytes in Chickens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPESVIRUS BZIP ONCOPROTEIN; FEATHER FOLLICLE EPITHELIUM; VIL-8 DELETION MUTANT; VIRULENT PLUS STRAIN; CELL-TRANSFORMATION; CONFERS PROTECTION; DNA-BINDING; GENE; JUN; MDV AB Marek's disease virus (MDV), the etiologic agent of Marek's disease, is a potent oncogenic herpesvirus. MDV is highly contagious and elicits a rapid onset of malignant T-cell lymphomas in chickens within several weeks after infection. MDV genome codes an oncoprotein, Meq, which shares resemblance with the Jun/Fos family of bZIP transcription factors. Similar to Jun, the leucine zipper region of Meq allows the formation of homo- and heterodimers. Meq homo-and heterodimers have different DNA binding affinities and transcriptional activity; therefore, they may differentially regulate transcription of viral and cellular genes. In this study we investigated the role of Meq homodimers in the pathogenicity of MDV by generating a chimeric meq gene, which contains the leucine zipper region of the yeast transcription factor GCN4 (meqGCN). A recombinant virus (rMd5-MeqGCN) containing the chimeric meqGCN gene in place of parental meq was generated with overlapping cosmid clones of Md5, a very virulent MDV strain. The rMd5-MeqGCN virus replicated in vitro and in vivo but was unable to transform T cells in infected chickens. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that Meq homodimers are not sufficient for MDV-induced transformation. C1 [Suchodolski, Paulette F.; Lupiani, Blanca; Reddy, Sanjay M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Izumiya, Yoshihiro; Gilad, Oren; Kung, Hsing-Jien] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, UC Davis Hlth Syst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ajithdoss, Dharani K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lee, Lucy F.] ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Reddy, SM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, MS 4467,206 VMR,Bldg 1197, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sreddy@cvm.tamu.edu RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011; Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35204-14840, 2006-01604]; NIH [T32-AI052072] FX We thank Shailbala Singh, Vinayak Brahmakshatriya, Xiali Liu, and Kathy Rector for help with animal studies. We are grateful to Stephen Safe and Junn-lin Liu for providing valuable reagents. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 2 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1128/JVI.01630-08 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 388UO UT WOS:000262045000034 PM 18971275 ER PT J AU Serbin, G Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER Reeves, JB Brown, DJ AF Serbin, Guy Daughtry, Craig S. T. Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Reeves, James B., III Brown, David J. TI Effects of soil composition and mineralogy on remote sensing of crop residue cover SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTER; Imaging spectroscopy; Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI); Lignin-Cellulose Absorption (LCA) index; Chemical absorption features; Spectral libraries; Shortwave infrared; Soil; Mineral; Non-photosynthetic vegetation; Crop residue; Tillage ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SHORTWAVE INFRARED REFLECTANCE; DAIRY MANURES; SPECTRA; CARBON; VEGETATION; SYSTEMS; EARTH AB The management of crop residues (non-photosynthetic vegetation) in agricultural fields influences soil erosion and soil carbon sequestration. Remote sensing methods can efficiently assess crop residue cover and related tillage intensity over many fields in a region. Although the reflectance spectra of soils and crop residues are often similar in the visible, near infrared, and the lower part of the shortwave infrared (4001900 nm) wavelength region, specific diagnostic chemical absorption features are evident in the upper shortwave infrared (1900-2500 nm) region. Two reflectance band height indices used for estimating residue cover are the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) and the Lignin-Cellulose Absorption (LCA) index, both of which use reflectances in the upper shortwave infrared (SWIR). Soil mineralogy and composition will affect soil spectral properties and may limit the usefulness of these spectral indices in certain areas. Our objectives were to (1) identify minerals and soil components with absorption features in the 2000 nm to 2400 nm wavelength region that would affect CAI and LCA and (2) assess their potential impact on remote sensing estimates of crop residue cover. Most common soil minerals had CAI values <= 0.5, whereas crop residues were always >0.5, allowing for good contrast between soils and residues. However, a number of common soil minerals had LCA values>0.5, and, in some cases, the mineral LCA values were greater than those of the crop residues, which could limit the effectiveness of LCA for residue cover estimation. The LCA of some dry residues and live corn canopies were similar in value, unlike CAI. Thus, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or similar method should be used to separate out green vegetation pixels. Mineral groups, such as garnets and chlorites, often have wide ranges of CAI and LCA values, and thus, mineralogical analyses often do not identify individual mineral species required for precise CAI estimation. However, these methods are still useful for identifying mineral soils requiring additional scrutiny. Future advanced multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing platforms should include CAI bands to allow for crop residue cover estimation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Serbin, Guy; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Reeves, James B., III] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Brown, David J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Serbin, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM guy.serbin@gmail.com RI Brown, David/A-2002-2009; Serbin, Guy/K-7836-2013 OI Serbin, Guy/0000-0001-9345-1772 NR 66 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 224 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.09.004 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 388AQ UT WOS:000261993100019 ER PT J AU Houborg, R Anderson, M Daughtry, C AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha Daughtry, Craig TI Utility of an image-based canopy reflectance modeling tool for remote estimation of LAI and leaf chlorophyll content at the field scale SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Leaf chlorophyll; Canopy reflectance; Image-based application; Corn; Leaf area index; Green reflectance; Vegetation stress; Inverse modeling; Look-up tables; Leaf optics; Atmospheric radiative transfer; Regularization; Satellite ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; VEGETATION BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; AREA INDEX; SATELLITE DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODIS DATA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; INVERSION METHODS; ESTIMATING CORN; ENERGY FLUXES AB This paper presents a physically-based approach for estimating critical variables describing land surface vegetation canopies, relying on remotely sensed data that can be acquired from operational satellite sensors. The REGularized canopy reFLECtance (REGFLEC) modeling tool couples leaf optics (PROSPECT), canopy reflectance (ACRM), and atmospheric radiative transfer (6SV1) model components, facilitating the direct use of at-sensor radiances in green, red and near-infrared wavelengths for the inverse retrieval of leaf chlorophyll content (C(ab)) and total one-sided leaf area per unit ground area (LAI). The inversion of the canopy reflectance model is constrained by assuming limited variability of leaf structure, vegetation clumping, and leaf inclination angle within a given crop field and by exploiting the added radiometric information content of pixels belonging to the same field. A look-up-table with a suite of pre-computed spectral reflectance relationships, each a function of canopy characteristics, soil background effects and external conditions, is accessed for fast pixel-wise biophysical parameter retrievals. Using 1 m resolution aircraft and 10 m resolution SPOT-5 imagery, REGFLEC effectuated robust biophysical parameter retrievals for a corn field characterized by a wide range in leaf chlorophyll levels and intermixed green and senescent leaf material. Validation against in-situ observations yielded relative root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) on the order of 10% for the 1 m resolution LAI (RMSD=0.25) and C(ab) (RMSD=4.4 mu g cm(-2)) estimates, due in part to an efficient correction for background influences. LAI and C(ab) retrieval accuracies at the SPOT 10 m resolution were characterized by relative RMSDs of 13% (0.3) and 17% (7.1 mu g cm(-2)), respectively, and the overall intrafield pattern in LAI and C(ab) was well established at this resolution. The developed method has utility in agricultural fields characterized by widely varying distributions of model variables and holds promise as a valuable operational tool for precision crop management. Work is currently in progress to extend REGFLEC to regional scales. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus; Anderson, Martha; Daughtry, Craig] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM rasmus.houborg@ars.usda.gov RI Houborg, Rasmus/A-2828-2009; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG04GK89G] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNG04GK89G. LAI data were made available through the efforts of technician Andrew Russ of the Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab. We would like to acknowledge the PI of the NASA GSFC AERONET site for making sun photometer data available. NR 74 TC 78 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.09.014 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 388AQ UT WOS:000261993100022 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Crookston, NL Evans, JS Hall, DE Falkowski, MJ AF Hudak, Andrew T. Crookston, Nicholas L. Evans, Jeffrey S. Hall, David E. Falkowski, Michael J. TI Nearest neighbor imputation of species-level, plot-scale forest structure attributes from LiDAR data (vol 112, pg 2232, 2008) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Hudak, Andrew T.; Crookston, Nicholas L.; Evans, Jeffrey S.; Hall, David E.] Food Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), Food Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.006 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 388AQ UT WOS:000261993100024 ER PT J AU Kaushik, AK Kehrli, ME Kurtz, A Ng, S Koti, M Shojaei, F Saini, SS AF Kaushik, Azad K. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Kurtz, A. Ng, S. Koti, M. Shojaei, F. Saini, Surinder S. TI Somatic hypermutations and isotype restricted exceptionally long CDR3H contribute to antibody diversification in cattle SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antibody; Cattle; Immunoglobulin; VDJ; Somatic mutations; CDR3H; Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency ID LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; BOVINE IGM ANTIBODIES; H GENE FAMILY; REPERTOIRE DEVELOPMENT; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; B-CELL; PASSENGER TRANSGENES; HEAVY-CHAIN; DIVERSITY; DISEASE AB Antibody diversification in IgM and IgG antibodies was analyzed in an 78-month old bovine (Bos taurus) suffering from naturally occurring chronic and recurrent infections due to bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD). The BLAD, involving impaired leukocyte (32 integrin expression on leukocytes, develops due to a single point mutation in conserved region of the CD18 gene resulting in substitution of aspartic acid128 with glycine (D128G). Twenty four VDJC mu and 25 VDJC gamma recombinations from randomly constructed cDNA libraries, originating from peripheral blood lymphocytes; were examined for the variable-region structural characteristics in IgM and IgG antibody isotypes. These analyses led to conclude that: (a) expression of exceptionally long CDR3H is isotype restricted to cattle IgM antibody; (b) VDJ recombinations encoding IgM with exceptionally long CDR3H undergo clonal selection and affinity maturation via somatic mutations similar to conventional antibodies; (c) somatic mutations contribute significantly to both IgM and IgG antibody diversification but significant differences exist in the patterns of 'hot spot' in the FR1, FR3 and CDR1H and, also, position-dependant amino acid diversity; and (d) transition nucleotide substitutions predominate over transversions in both VDJC mu and VDJC gamma recombinations consistent with the evolutionary conservation of somatic mutation machinery. Overall, these studies suggest that both somatic mutations and exceptional CDR3H size generation contribute to IgM and IgG antibody diversification in cattle during the development of immune response to naturally occurring chronic and multiple microbial infections. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kaushik, Azad K.; Kurtz, A.; Ng, S.; Koti, M.; Shojaei, F.; Saini, Surinder S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kaushik, AK (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Room SCIE 4248, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM akaushik@uoguelph.ca RI Kaushik, Azad/A-5255-2008 OI Kaushik, Azad/0000-0002-1647-1961 FU NSERC Canada; Ontario Cattlemen's Association and OMAF research program; Food System Biotechnology Centre, University of Guelph FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the review of the manuscript by Dr. James A. Harp, National Animal Disease Center-USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa. The research was supported by operating grants from NSERC Canada, Ontario Cattlemen's Association and OMAF research program, in addition to a grant from Food System Biotechnology Centre, University of Guelph to Dr. Azad K. Kaushik. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.024 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 399DT UT WOS:000262781300011 PM 19012969 ER PT J AU Nerren, JR Kogut, MH AF Nerren, Jessica R. Kogut, Michael H. TI The selective Dectin-1 agonist, curdlan, induces an oxidative burst response in chicken heterophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dectin-1; C-type lectin; beta-Glucan; Innate immunity; Chickens ID BETA-GLUCAN RECEPTOR; C-TYPE LECTIN; RECOGNITION; ENTERITIDIS; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOKINES; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; IMMUNITY; SYSTEM AB A critical component of host innate immunity is recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Dectin-1 is the primary PRR for exogenous beta-glucan, a component of fungal and bacterial cell walls. A previous study conducted in our laboratory demonstrated that administration of beta-glucan as a feed additive resulted in increased innate immune function of neonatal chickens, suggesting that chickens possess a Dectin-1-like beta-glucan receptor. In the present study, we demonstrated that heterophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from day-old chicks had a significant increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following stimulation with the Dectin-1 specific agonist, curdlan. Pretreatment of heterophils and PBMCs with laminarin, a beta-glucan receptor blocking agent and specific inhibitor of Dectin-1 activity, significantly reduced the curdlan-induced ROS production. Together these data provide evidence for the first time of the presence of a functional Dectin-l-like beta-glucan receptor in chicken heterophils and PBMCs. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nerren, Jessica R.; Kogut, Michael H.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nerren, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jessica.nerren@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.011 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 399DT UT WOS:000262781300019 PM 18995915 ER PT J AU Heifetz, EM Fulton, JE O'Sullivan, NP Arthur, JA Cheng, H Wang, J Soller, M Dekkers, JCM AF Heifetz, Eliyahu M. Fulton, Janet E. O'Sullivan, Neil P. Arthur, James A. Cheng, Hans Wang, Jing Soller, Morris Dekkers, Jack C. M. TI Mapping QTL affecting resistance to Marek's disease in an F6 advanced intercross population of commercial layer chickens SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DINUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SATURATED GENETIC-MAP; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONFIDENCE-INTERVAL; PROTEIN PERCENTAGE; VIRUS; DNA; COMPLEX; LOCATION AB Background: Marek's disease (MD) is a T-cell lymphoma of chickens caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic avian herpesvirus. MD is a major cause of economic loss to the poultry industry and the most serious and persistent infectious disease concern. A full-sib intercross population, consisting of five independent families was generated by crossing and repeated intercrossing of two partially inbred commercial White Leghorn layer lines known to differ in genetic resistance to MD. At the F6 generation, a total of 1615 chicks were produced (98 to 248 per family) and phenotyped for MD resistance measured as survival time in days after challenge with a very virulent plus (vv+) strain of MDV. Results: QTL affecting MD resistance were identified by selective DNA pooling using a panel of 15 SNPs and 217 microsatellite markers. Since MHC blood type (BT) is known to affect MD resistance, a total of 18 independent pool pairs were constructed according to family x BT combination, with some combinations represented twice for technical reasons. Twenty-one QTL regions (QTLR) affecting post-challenge survival time were identified, distributed among 11 chromosomes (GGA1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15, 18, 26 and Z), with about two-thirds of the MD resistance alleles derived from the more MD resistant parental line. Eight of the QTLR associated with MD resistance, were previously identified in a backcross (BC) mapping study with the same parental lines. Of these, 7 originated from the more resistant line, and one from the less resistant line. Conclusion: There was considerable evidence suggesting that MD resistance alleles tend to be recessive. The width of the QTLR for these QTL appeared to be reduced about two-fold in the F6 as compared to that found in the previous BC study. These results provide a firm basis for high-resolution linkage disequilibrium mapping and positional cloning of the resistance genes. C1 [Heifetz, Eliyahu M.; Wang, Jing; Dekkers, Jack C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heifetz, Eliyahu M.; Wang, Jing; Dekkers, Jack C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heifetz, Eliyahu M.] Ariel Univ, Dept Mol Biol, IL-44837 Ariel, Israel. [Fulton, Janet E.; O'Sullivan, Neil P.; Arthur, James A.] Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. [Cheng, Hans] USDA ARS ADOL, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Wang, Jing] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Soller, Morris] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Heifetz, EM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM eliyahu100@gmail.com; JFulton@hyline.com; NOSullivan@hyline.com; JArthur@hyline.com; hcheng@msu.edu; jing.wang@pioneer.com; soller@vms.huji.ac.il; jdekkers@iastate.edu FU BARD [FI-350-2003]; USDA-CSREES Midwest Poultry Consortium; Hy-Line Int FX This research was supported by a Postdoctoral Award No. FI-350-2003 from BARD, The United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development Fund, a grant from the USDA-CSREES Midwest Poultry Consortium; and by Hy-Line Int. All bird rearing, trait data collection, DNA collection and pooling, and genotyping of microsatellite markers were conducted at Hy-Line Int. Technical support was provided by Laurie Molitor. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 20 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-20 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 417WX UT WOS:000264110300001 PM 19144166 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Neff, SA Gloer, JB AF Sobolev, Victor S. Neff, Scorr A. Gloer, James B. TI New Stilbenoids from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seeds Challenged by an Aspergillus caelatus Strain SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Peanuts; Arachis hypogaea; arahypin; groundnuts; stilbenes; prenylated stilbenes; stilbenoids; structure elucidation; NMR; HPLC-MS ID PRENYLATED STILBENES; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; PHYTOALEXIN PRODUCTION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INTERRELATIONSHIP; DERIVATIVES; FLAVONOIDS; BARK AB Four new stilbene derivatives, termed arahypins, have been isolated from peanut seeds challenged by an Aspergillus caelatus strain, along with two known stilbenoids that have not been previously reported in peanuts. The structures of these new putative phytoalexins were determined by analysis of NMR, MS, and UV data. Together with other known peanut stilbenoids that were also produced in the challenged seeds, these new compounds may play a defensive role against invasive fungi. C1 [Sobolev, Victor S.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Neff, Scorr A.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM victor.sobolev@ars.usda.gov FU APCI-MS FX APCI-MS, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry; DEPT, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1021/jf802891v PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 392HB UT WOS:000262292700007 PM 19063668 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, DV Loper, JE Paulsen, IT Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Loper, Joyce E. Paulsen, Ian T. Thomashow, Linda S. TI Mobile genetic elements in the genome of the beneficial rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAIL-LIKE BACTERIOCIN; PV. TOMATO DC3000; SP STRAIN B13; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE; PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COTTON SEEDLINGS; CLC ELEMENT; DAMPING-OFF AB Background: Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 is a plant-associated bacterium that inhabits the rhizosphere of a wide variety of plant species and and produces secondary metabolites suppressive of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. The Pf-5 genome is rich in features consistent with its commensal lifestyle, and its sequence has revealed attributes associated with the strain's ability to compete and survive in the dynamic and microbiologically complex rhizosphere habitat. In this study, we analyzed mobile genetic elements of the Pf-5 genome in an effort to identify determinants that might contribute to Pf-5's ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions and/or colonize new ecological niches. Results: Sequence analyses revealed that the genome of Pf-5 is devoid of transposons and IS elements and that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are represented by prophages and genomic islands that collectively span over 260 kb. The prophages include an F-pyocin-like prophage 01, a chimeric prophage 03, a lambdoid prophage 06, and decaying prophages 02, 04 and 05 with reduced size and/or complexity. The genomic islands are represented by a 115-kb integrative conjugative element (ICE) PFGI-1, which shares plasmid replication, recombination, and conjugative transfer genes with those from ICEs found in other Pseudomonas spp., and PFGI-2, which resembles a portion of pathogenicity islands in the genomes of the plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and P. viridiflava. Almost all of the MGEs in the Pf-5 genome are associated with phage-like integrase genes and are integrated into tRNA genes. Conclusion: Comparative analyses reveal that MGEs found in Pf-5 are subject to extensive recombination and have evolved in part via exchange of genetic material with other Pseudomonas spp. having commensal or pathogenic relationships with plants and animals. Although prophages and genomic islands from Pf-5 exhibit similarity to MGEs found in other Pseudomonas spp., they also carry a number of putative niche-specific genes that could affect the survival of P. fluorescens Pf-5 in natural habitats. Most notable are a similar to 35-kb segment of "cargo" genes in genomic island PFGI-1 and bacteriocin genes associated with prophages 1 and 4. C1 [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Loper, Joyce E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Paulsen, Ian T.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biocontrol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mavrodi, DV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mavrodi@mail.wsu.edu; Joyce.Loper@ARS.USDA.GOV; ipaulsen@cbms.mq.edu.au; thomashow@wsu.edu RI Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; OI Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 FU US Department of Agriculture [2001-52100-11329, 2003-35319-13800, 2003-35107-13777] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Olga Mavrodi for help with the screening of Q8r1-96 gene library for ssh6-positive cosmid clones. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative, Competitive Grants Program (grants number 2001-52100-11329, 2003-35319-13800 and 2003-35107-13777). NR 89 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-9-8 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 418OP UT WOS:000264158100001 PM 19144133 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Engelberth, J Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH Teal, PEA AF Schmelz, Eric A. Engelberth, Jurgen Alborn, Hans T. Tumlinson, James H., III Teal, Peter E. A. TI Phytohormone-based activity mapping of insect herbivore-produced elicitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ethylene; insect elicitor; jasmonic acid; plant defense; volatile organic compound ID FEEDING SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; INDUCED VOLATILE EMISSION; LIMA-BEAN LEAVES; MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; JASMONIC-ACID; ORAL SECRETIONS; ZEA-MAYS; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; PLANT VOLATILES AB In response to insect attack, many plants exhibit dynamic biochemical changes, resulting in the induced production of direct and indirect defenses. Elicitors present in herbivore oral secretions are believed to positively regulate many inducible plant defenses; however, little is known about the specificity of elicitor recognition in plants. To investigate the phylogenic distribution of elicitor activity, we tested representatives from three different elicitor classes on the time course of defense-related phytohormone production, including ethylene (E), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid, in a range of plant species spanning angiosperm diversity. All families examined responded to at least one elicitor class with significant increases in E and JA production within 1 to 2 h after treatment, yet elicitation activity among species was highly idiosyncratic. The fatty-acid amino acid conjugate volicitin exhibited the widest range of phytohormone and volatile inducing activity, which spanned maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and eggplant (Solanum melongena). In contrast, the activity of inceptin-related peptides, originally described in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), was limited even within the Fabaceae. Similarly, caeliferin A16:0, a disulfooxy fatty acid from grasshoppers, was the only elicitor with demonstrable activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although precise mechanisms remain unknown, the unpredictable nature of elicitor activity between plant species supports the existence of specific receptor-ligand interactions mediating recognition. Despite the lack of an ideal plant model for studying the action of numerous elicitors, E and JA exist as highly conserved and readily quantifiable markers for future discoveries in this field. C1 [Schmelz, Eric A.; Alborn, Hans T.; Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Engelberth, Jurgen] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Tumlinson, James H., III] Penn State Univ, Ctr Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eric.schmelz@ars.usda.gov; jht@psu.edu RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 56 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 68 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 2 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.1073/pnas.0811861106 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 399MM UT WOS:000262804000054 PM 19124770 ER PT J AU Oh, MH Wang, XF Kota, U Goshe, MB Clouse, SD Huber, SC AF Oh, Man-Ho Wang, Xiaofeng Kota, Uma Goshe, Michael B. Clouse, Steven D. Huber, Steven C. TI Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase emerges as a component of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; GENE FAMILY; IN-VITRO; BAK1; ACTIVATION; THALIANA; IDENTIFICATION; BRI1/BAK1; REGULATOR AB Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential growth-promoting hormones that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Two leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are involved in BR perception and signal transduction: brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), which is the BR receptor, and its coreceptor BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1). Both proteins are classified as serine/threonine protein kinases, but here we report that recombinant cytoplasmic domains of BRI1 and BAK1 also autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues and thus are dual-specificity kinases. With BRI1, Tyr-831 and Tyr-956 are identified as autophosphorylation sites in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Tyr-956 in kinase subdomain V is essential for activity, because the Y956F mutant is catalytically inactive and thus this site cannot be simply manipulated by mutagenesis. In contrast, Tyr-831 in the juxtamembrane domain is not essential for kinase activity but plays an important role in BR signaling in vivo, because expression of BRI1(Y831F)-Flag in transgenic bri1-5 plants results in plants with larger leaves (but altered leaf shape) and early flowering relative to plants expressing wild-type BRI1-Flag. Acidic substitutions of Tyr-831 restored normal leaf size (but not shape) and normal flowering time. This is an example where a specific tyrosine residue has been shown to play an important role in vivo in plant receptor kinase function. Interestingly, 6 additional LRR-RLKs (of the 23 tested) were also found to autophosphorylate on tyrosine in addition to serine and threonine, suggesting that tyrosine signaling should be considered with other plant receptor kinases as well. C1 [Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wang, Xiaofeng; Clouse, Steven D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kota, Uma; Goshe, Michael B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@uiuc.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-35318-17801, 2004-35304-14930]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0419819]; U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Murali Dhandaydham for several LRR RLK expression clones, Kevin Blackburn for help in LC/MS/MS analysis, and Professors Tom Jacobs and Hans Bohnert for critical comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by National Research Initiative of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Grants 2007-35318-17801 and 2004-35304-14930, National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0419819, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. NR 30 TC 111 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 2 BP 658 EP 663 DI 10.1073/pnas.0810249106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 399MM UT WOS:000262804000055 PM 19124768 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Niedz, RP AF Evens, Terence J. Niedz, Randall P. TI Validation of multivariate model of leaf ionome is fundamentally confounded SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Evens, Terence J.; Niedz, Randall P.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Evens, TJ (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM terence.evens@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 2 BP E6 EP E6 DI 10.1073/pnas.0809853106 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 399MM UT WOS:000262804000057 PM 19118190 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Descriptions of Danielsia Theobald, a genus recently resurrected from synonymy (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), and its type species Dn. albotaeniata Leicester SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Culicidae; Aedini; Danielsia; Dn. albotaeniata; Dn. harperi; Dn. lepchana; mosquitoes ID ALLIED TAXA DIPTERA; LIFE STAGES; MORPHOLOGICAL DATA; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; OCHLEROTATUS; FINLAYA AB A detailed morphological description of the recently reestablished genus Danielsia and its type species, Dn. albotaeniata, are provided. An extensive list of previous literature pertaining to the genus is included. Genus Danielsia includes three species, Dn. albotaeniata, Dn. harperi and Dn. lepchana. Distribution, bionomics, distinguishing features of each life stage and background information for the genus are provided. C1 [Reinert, John F.] ARS, CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Reinert, John F.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, WRBU, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), ARS, CMAVE, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@usda.ars.gov NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 12 PY 2009 IS 1976 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 396ZP UT WOS:000262631800002 ER PT J AU Dark, MJ Herndon, DR Kappmeyer, LS Gonzales, MP Nordeen, E Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Brayton, KA AF Dark, Michael J. Herndon, David R. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Gonzales, Mikel P. Nordeen, Elizabeth Palmer, Guy H. Knowles, Donald P., Jr. Brayton, Kelly A. TI Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; STRAINS; SURFACE; TRANSMISSION; EHRLICHIA; IDENTIFICATION; RICKETTSIALES AB Background: With the recent completion of numerous sequenced bacterial genomes, notable advances have been made in understanding the level of conservation between various species. However, relatively little is known about the genomic diversity among strains. We determined the complete genome sequence of the Florida strain of Anaplasma marginale, and near complete (>96%) sequences for an additional three strains, for comparative analysis with the previously fully sequenced St. Maries strain genome. Results: These comparisons revealed that A. marginale has a closed-core genome with few highly plastic regions, which include the msp2 and msp3 genes, as well as the aaap locus. Comparison of the Florida and St. Maries genome sequences found that SNPs comprise 0.8% of the longer Florida genome, with 33.5% of the total SNPs between all five strains present in at least two strains and 3.0% of SNPs present in all strains except Florida. Comparison of genomes from three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, and Nessieria meningiditis, as well as four Chlamydophila pneumoniae strains found that 98.8%-100% of SNPs are unique to each strain, suggesting A. marginale, with 76.0%, has an intermediate level of strain-specific SNPs. Comparison of genomes from other organisms revealed variation in diversity that did not segregate with the environmental niche the bacterium occupies, ranging from 0.00% to 8.00% of the larger pairwise-compared genome. Conclusion: Analysis of multiple A. marginale strains suggests intracellular bacteria have more variable SNP retention rates than previously reported, and may have closed-core genomes in response to the host organism environment and/or reductive evolution. C1 [Dark, Michael J.; Nordeen, Elizabeth; Palmer, Guy H.; Knowles, Donald P., Jr.; Brayton, Kelly A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Genom, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herndon, David R.; Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Knowles, Donald P., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gonzales, Mikel P.] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. RP Brayton, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Genom, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM darkmich@wsu.edu; herndon@vetmed.wsu.edu; lkapp@vetmed.wsu.edu; mgonzales@westernu.edu; enordeen@vetmed.wsu.edu; gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu; dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu; kbrayton@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Dark, Michael/0000-0002-6547-1298 FU USDA CREES NRI CGP [2004-35600-14175]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M]; NIH [K08-AI64162] FX The authors thank Beverly Hunter and Ralph Horn for their excellent technical assistance. Funding was provided by the USDA CREES NRI CGP 2004-35600-14175 (KAB), the Wellcome Trust GR075800M (GHP), and NIH Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Award K08-AI64162 (MJD). NR 41 TC 34 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 11 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-16 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 417WW UT WOS:000264110200001 PM 19134224 ER PT J AU Acosta, IF Laparra, H Romero, SP Schmelz, E Hamberg, M Mottinger, JP Moreno, MA Dellaporta, SL AF Acosta, Ivan F. Laparra, Helene Romero, Sandra P. Schmelz, Eric Hamberg, Mats Mottinger, John P. Moreno, Maria A. Dellaporta, Stephen L. TI tasselseed1 Is a Lipoxygenase Affecting Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Sex Determination of Maize SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; ANTHER DEHISCENCE; ARCHITECTURE; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; GENE; INFLORESCENCES; BIOSYNTHESIS; GRASSES; ENCODES AB Sex determination in maize is controlled by a developmental cascade leading to the formation of unisexual florets derived from an initially bisexual floral meristem. Abortion of pistil primordia in staminate florets is controlled by a tasselseed- mediated cell death process. We positionally cloned and characterized the function of the sex determination gene tasselseed1 ( ts1). The TS1 protein encodes a plastid- targeted lipoxygenase with predicted 13- lipoxygenase specificity, which suggests that TS1 may be involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonic acid. In the absence of a functional ts1 gene, lipoxygenase activity was missing and endogenous jasmonic acid concentrations were reduced in developing inflorescences. Application of jasmonic acid to developing inflorescences rescued stamen development in mutant ts1 and ts2 inflorescences, revealing a role for jasmonic acid in male flower development in maize. C1 [Acosta, Ivan F.; Laparra, Helene; Romero, Sandra P.; Moreno, Maria A.; Dellaporta, Stephen L.] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Schmelz, Eric] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hamberg, Mats] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Physiol Chem 2, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Mottinger, John P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Dellaporta, SL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM stephen.dellaporta@yale.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X FU NIH [R01 GM38148]; USDA [99-35301-8048] FX We thank S. Hake, P. Chomet, and B. Lowe for providing ts1 mutant alleles; A. Signorovitch and R. Rosengarten for help with phylogenetic analyses; E. Bortiri, C. Whipple, P. Bommet, and D. Jackson for advice on in situ hybridizations; I. Hwang for the pRbcSnt: GFP construct; and R. Tsien for the mCherry gene. Supported by NIH grant R01 GM38148 (S.L.D.) and USDA grant 99-35301-8048 (J.P.M.). Sequences obtained in this study were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers FJ360855 and FJ360856). NR 34 TC 87 Z9 107 U1 11 U2 75 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 9 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5911 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1126/science.1164645 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 392GG UT WOS:000262290600041 PM 19131630 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Shaner, DL AF Hunter, William J. Shaner, Dale L. TI Nitrogen limited biobarriers remove atrazine from contaminated water: Laboratory studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Permeable reactive barriers; PRB; Bioremediation; Groundwater; Nitrogen starved; Vegetable oil; Soybean oil ID IN-SITU; DEGRADING BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS SP; VEGETABLE-OIL; SMALL STREAM; SOIL; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; BIOREMEDIATION; MINERALIZATION AB Atrazine is one of the most frequently used herbicides. This usage coupled with its mobility and recalcitrant nature in deeper soils and aquifers makes it a frequently encountered groundwater Contaminant. We formed biobarriers in sand filled columns by coating the sand with soybean oil; after which, we inoculated the barriers with a consortium of atrazine-degrading microorganisms and evaluated the ability of the barriers to remove atrazine from a simulated groundwater containing 1 mg L(-1) atrazine. The soybean oil provided a carbon rich and nitrogen poor substrate to the microbial consortium. Under these nitrogen-limiting conditions it was hypothesized that bacteria capable of using atrazine as a source of nitrogen Would remove atrazine from the flowing water. Our hypothesis proved correct and the biobarriers were effective at removing atrazine when the nitrogen content of the influent water was low. Levels of atrazine in the biobarrier effluents declined with time and by the 24th week of the study no detectable atrazine was present (limit of detection < 0.005 mg L(-1)). Larger amounts of atrazine were also removed by the biobarriers: when biobarriers were fed 16.3 mg L(-1) atrazine 97% was degraded. When nitrate (5 mg L(-1) N), an alternate source of nitrogen, was added to the influent water the atrazine removal efficiency of the barriers was reduced by almost 60%. This result supports the hypothesis that atrazine was degraded as a source of nitrogen. Poisoning of the biobarriers with mercury chloride resulted in an immediate and large increase in the amount of atrazine in the barrier effluents confirming that biological activity and not abiotic factors were responsible for most of the atrazine degradation. The presence of hydroxyatrazine in the barrier effluents indicated that dehalogenation was one of the pathways of atrazine degradation. Permeable barriers might be formed ill-situ by the injection of innocuous vegetable oil emulsions into an aquifer or sandy soil and used to remove atrazine from a contaminated groundwater or to protect groundwater from an atrazine spill. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Shaner, Dale L.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov; dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.08.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 388ZY UT WOS:000262060600003 PM 18848368 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Modeling distributions of flying insects: Effective attraction radius of pheromone in two and three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mating disruption; Mass trapping; Active space; Pheromone plume; Computer simulation ID SEASONAL FLIGHT PATTERNS; BLACK-WALNUT PLANTATION; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; PINE SHOOT BEETLES; TRAP DESIGN; BARK BEETLE; SEX-PHEROMONE; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MATING DISRUPTION; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA AB The effective attraction radius (EAR) of an attractive pheromone-baited trap was defined as the radius of a passive "sticky" sphere that would intercept the same number of flying insects as the attractant. The EAR for a particular attractant and insect species in nature is easily determined by a catch ratio on attractive and passive (unbaited) traps, and the interception area of the passive trap. The spherical EAR can be transformed into a circular EAR(c) that is convenient to use in two-dimensional encounter rate models of mass trapping and mating disruption with semiochemicals to control insects. The EAR(c) equation requires an estimate of the effective thickness of the layer where the insect flies in search of mates and food/habitat. The standard deviation (SD) of flight height of several insect species was determined from their catches on traps of increasing heights reported in the literature. The thickness of the effective flight layer (F(L)) was assumed to be SD . root 2 . pi, because the probability area equal to the height of the normal distribution, 1/(SD . root 2 . pi), times the F(L) is equal to the area under the normal curve. To test this assumption, 2000 simulated insects were allowed to fly in a three-dimensional correlated random walk in a 10-m thick layer where an algorithm caused them to redistribute according to a normal distribution with specified SD and mean at the midpoint of this layer. Under the same conditions, a spherical EAR was placed at the center of the 10-m layer and intercepted flying insects distributed normally for a set period. The number caught was equivalent to that caught in another simulation with a uniform flight density in a narrower layer equal to F(L), thus verifying the equation to calculate F(L). The EAR and F(L) were used to obtain a smaller EAR(c) for use in a two-dimensional model that caught an equivalent number of insects as that with EAR in three dimensions. This verifies that the F(L) estimation equation and EAR to EAR(c) conversion methods are appropriate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM john.byers@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 256 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.09.002 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 383XD UT WOS:000261706800008 PM 18845163 ER PT J AU Babu, BN Chauhan, KR AF Babu, Bathini Nagendra Chauhan, Kamlesh R. TI Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol: a Colorado potato beetle pheromone SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; Pheromone; Methyl lithium; Lewis acids ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE AB The recent identification of a male-produced aggregation pheromone [(S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene1,3-diol, (S)-CPB] offers a new tool for Colorado potato beetle (CPB) management. We developed a novel synthetic approach to produce CPB pheromone in seven steps and 46.54% overall yield. Grignard reaction, oxidation, and stereoselective methylation using organometallic reagent are the key steps in the commercially viable total synthesis, generating CPB pheromone in 98.6% enantiomeric purity and gram quantity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Babu, Bathini Nagendra; Chauhan, Kamlesh R.] USDA, ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Beh Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chauhan, KR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Beh Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kamal.Chauhan@ars.usda.gov RI Bathini, Nagendra Babu/E-4666-2010 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.092 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 401VP UT WOS:000262970800018 ER PT J AU Lieb, W Larson, MG Benjamin, EJ Yin, X Tofler, GH Selhub, J Jacques, PF Wang, TJ Vita, JA Levy, D Vasan, RS Mitchell, GF AF Lieb, Wolfgang Larson, Martin G. Benjamin, Emelia J. Yin, Xiaoyan Tofler, Geoffrey H. Selhub, Jacob Jacques, Paul F. Wang, Thomas J. Vita, Joseph A. Levy, Daniel Vasan, Ramachandran S. Mitchell, Gary F. TI Multimarker Approach to Evaluate Correlates of Vascular Stiffness The Framingham Heart Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; biomarkers; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; C-reactive protein; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ID PULSE-WAVE VELOCITY; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CROSS-SECTIONAL RELATIONS; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; AORTIC STIFFNESS; RISK-FACTORS; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AB Background-Arterial stiffness increases with age and contributes to the pathogenesis of systolic hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Knowledge about the pathophysiological processes that determine arterial stiffness may help guide therapeutic approaches. Methods and Results-We related 7 circulating biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways (C-reactive protein, aldosterone-to-renin ratio, N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and homocysteine) to 5 vascular function measures (central pulse pressure, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity, mean arterial pressure, forward pressure wave amplitude [all measures of conduit artery stiffness], and augmented pressure, an indicator of wave reflection) in 2000 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age, 61 years; 55% women). Tonometry measures were obtained on average 3 years after the biomarkers were measured. In multivariable linear regression models adjusting for covariates, the biomarker panel was significantly associated with all 5 vascular measures (P < 0.003 for all). On backward elimination, the aldosterone-to-renin ratio was positively associated with each stiffness measure (P <= 0.002 for all). In addition, C-reactive protein was positively related to augmented pressure (P = 0.0003), whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was positively associated with mean arterial pressure (P = 0.003), central pulse pressure (P = 0.001), and forward pressure wave (P = 0.01). Conclusions-Our cross-sectional data on a community-based sample suggest a distinctive pattern of positive associations of biomarkers of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation with pan-arterial vascular stiffness, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with central vascular stiffness indices, and C-reactive protein with wave reflection. These observations support the notion of differential influences of biological pathways on vascular stiffness measures. (Circulation. 2009; 119: 37-43.) C1 [Lieb, Wolfgang; Larson, Martin G.; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Wang, Thomas J.; Levy, Daniel; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Larson, Martin G.; Yin, Xiaoyan] Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.; Vita, Joseph A.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Cardiol Div & Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Boston, MA USA. [Tofler, Geoffrey H.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Selhub, Jacob; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Thomas J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Mitchell, Gary F.] Cardiovasc Engn Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. RP Vasan, RS (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA USA. EM vasan@bu.edu; GaryFMitchell@mindspring.com RI Lieb, Wolfgang/C-1990-2012; OI Vita, Joseph/0000-0001-5607-1797; Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-25195]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [2K24HL04334, HL080124]; National Institutes of Health [HL60040, HL70100, HL076784, AG028321]; Donald W. Reynolds Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contract N01-HC-25195: and grants 2K24HL04334 and HL080124 (both to Dr Vasan) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The project also was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL60040, HL70100, HL076784, and AG028321 and the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation. NR 42 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 119 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816108 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 390YT UT WOS:000262200300008 PM 19103986 ER PT J AU Troen, AM Rosenberg, IH AF Troen, Aron M. Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI Reply to Daval et al.: How comparable are brain changes induced by dietary methyl-donor deficiency occurring before birth or after weaning? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID MICE C1 [Troen, Aron M.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aron.troen@tufts.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 BP E2 EP E2 DI 10.1073/pnas.0811541106 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391WC UT WOS:000262263900065 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Willett, JL Biswas, A AF Shogren, R. L. Willett, J. L. Biswas, Atanu TI HRP-mediated synthesis of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Horseradish peroxidase; Acrylamide; Starch; Starch graft polyacrylamide polymers ID FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; OXIDATIVE POLYMERIZATION; ACRYLAMIDE; SUPERABSORBENT; INITIATION AB Starch was reacted with acrylamide in water in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyst/H(2)O(2)/2,4 pentanedione to give starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shogren, R. L.; Willett, J. L.; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.004 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 361SY UT WOS:000260148600030 ER PT J AU Pilla, S Gong, SQ O'Neill, E Yang, LQ Rowell, RM AF Pilla, Srikanth Gong, Shaoqin O'Neill, Eric Yang, Liqiang Rowell, Roger M. TI Polylactide-Recycled Wood Fiber Composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polylactide; silane; recycled wood fiber; composite; biobased; Halpin-Tsai; crystallization; molecular weight ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; POLY(LACTIC ACID); MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; FLOUR COMPOSITES; HEMP FIBERS; POLYETHYLENE; POLYMERS AB Polylactide (PLA)-recycled wood fiber (RWF) composites with a small amount of silane were compounded using a kinetic-mixer and molded using an injection molding machine. The molded PLA-RWF composites were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, tensile testing machine, and a dynamic mechanical analyzer. As observed in the stress-strain plots, the amount of necking before fracture decreased with an increasing RWF content. Similarly, the strain-at-break also decreased with the RWF content. The tensile strength remained the same irrespective of the RWF content. Both the tensile modulus and the storage modulus of the PLA-RWF composites increased with the RWF content. The degree of crystallinity of the PLA increased with the addition of RWF. No reduction in the number-average molecular weight (M,,) was observed for pure PLA and PLA-10%RWF-0.5%Silane composites after injection molding; however, substantial reduction in M, was found in PLA-20%RWF-0.5%Silane composites. Finally, a theoretical model based on Halpin-Tsai empirical relations is presented to compare the theoretical results with that of the experimental results. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. I Appl Polym Sci 111: 37-47, 2009 C1 [Pilla, Srikanth; Gong, Shaoqin; Yang, Liqiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat, Milwaukee, WI USA. [O'Neill, Eric; Rowell, Roger M.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Gong, SQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM sgong@uwm.edu RI Pilla, Srikanth/F-4622-2011; Yang, Liqiang/A-2825-2010 OI Pilla, Srikanth/0000-0003-3728-6578; FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0544729] FX National Science Foundation; contract grant number: CMMI-0544729. NR 47 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1002/app.28860 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 375ZN UT WOS:000261152400005 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Finkenstadt, VL Rayas-Duarte, P Palmquist, DE Gordon, SH AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Finkenstadt, V. L. Rayas-Duarte, P. Palmquist, Debra E. Gordon, Sherald H. TI Thermal Properties of Extruded and Injection-Molded Poly(lactic Acid)-Based Cuphea and Lesquerella Bio-Composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extruded; injection-molded; DSC; TGA; crystallinity; cuphea; lasquerella; degradation mechanism; enthalpic relaxation ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE BLENDS; NATURAL FIBERS; ACID); POLYMER; STARCH; DSC; OIL AB The degree of compatibility between poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and different bio-fillers was examined using thermal methods. The biofillers were fibers extracted from cuphea and lesquerella seeds. Bio-composites of PLA:Fiber were prepared at 85 : 15, 70 : 30, and 100 : 00 and blended by extrusion and then injection molding. Thermal properties of the extruded (EX) and the extruded-injection molded (EXIM) composites were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Composites analysis using DSC provided information essential for determining: (1) glass transition (7,); (2) crystallization and melting temperatures and Delta H; (3) percent crystallinity; and (4) Enthalpic Relaxation (ER). TGA was used to measure the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of the composites. The effect of fiber composition, processing conditions, and aging time on the thermal properties of the bio-composites was used to examine the relative compatibility of the fibers with PLA. The data showed that ER increased steadily as a function of aging. Because of the difference in protein content between cuphea and lesquerella, the two fibers influenced the T(g) (temperature and Delta C(p)) differently. The percent crystallinity of neat PLA was significantly reduced by EX or EXIM, while the enzymatic degradation showed that EX composites are more biodegradable than EXIM. The TGA profiles indicated a multi-step degradation especially in air. The largest value of q, which indicated that, intermolecular interaction was strongest between lesquerella and PLA extruded materials, compared to the other three blends, possibly due to the higher protein content. Results also indicated that intermolecular interaction was least strong (q = -33.9156) in the EXIM PLA-cuphea. Although the q values of both cuphea composites were significantly lower than those of the lesquerella samples, this greater effect of extrusion over injection molding on intermolecular interaction was also seen in the q value of the EX and EXIM samples. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) J Appl Polym Sci 111: 114-124,2009 C1 [Mohamed, Abdellatif; Gordon, Sherald H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Finkenstadt, V. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ Sr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1002/app.28964 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 375ZN UT WOS:000261152400015 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA Finkenstadt, VL Palmquist, DE Rayas-Duarte, P AF Mohamed, Abdellatif A. Finkenstadt, V. L. Palmquist, D. E. Rayas-Duarte, P. TI Thermal Properties of Extruded Injection-Molded Poly(lactic acid) and Milkweed Composites: Degradation Kinetics and Enthalpic Relaxation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; poly(lactic acid); milkweed; TGA; DSC; degradation kinetics; glass transition; Gordon-Taylor-Fox ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE BLENDS; NATURAL FIBERS; POLYMERS; STARCH AB To determine the degree of compatibility between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and different biomaterials, PLA was compounded with milkweed fiber, a new crop oil seed. After oil extraction, milkweed remaining cake retained approximately 10% residual oil, 47% protein, and 10% moisture. The fiber (300 mu m) was added at 85 : 15 and 70 : 30 PLA : Fiber and blended by extrusion (EX) followed by injection molding (IM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for testing the composites. After melting in the DSC sealed pans, composites were cooled by immersion in liquid nitrogen and aged (stored) at room temperature for 0, 7, 15, and 30 days. After storage, samples were heated from room temperature to 180 degrees C at 10 degrees C/min. The pure PLA showed a glass transition (T,,) at 60.3 degrees C and the corresponding Delta Cp was 0.464 J/g/degrees C followed by crystallization and melting transitions. The enthalpic relaxation (ER) of neat PLA and composites steadily increased as a function of storage time. Although the presence of fiber had little effect on ER, IM reduced it. The percentage crystallinity of neat unprocessed PLA dropped by 95 and 80%, for the EX and IM, respectively. The degradation activation energy (E(a)) of neat PLA exhibited a significant drop in nitrogen environment, whereas increased in air, indicating PLA resistant to heat degradation in the presence of oxygen. Overall, IM appeared to decrease E(a) of the composites, whereas milkweed significantly reduced E(a) values in nitrogen environment. Enzymatic degradation of the composites revealed higher degradation rate for the EX samples versus IM, whereas 30% milkweed exhibited higher weight loss compared to the 15%. The degradation mechanism was observed by looking at the percent conversion as a function of E(a) from the TGA data, where multisteps degradation occurred mostly in air. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 175-184, 2009 C1 [Mohamed, Abdellatif A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Finkenstadt, V. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mohamed, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1002/app.29090 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 375ZN UT WOS:000261152400022 ER PT J AU Field, KL Bachmanov, AA Mennella, JA Beauchamp, GK Kimball, BA AF Field, Kristin L. Bachmanov, Alexander A. Mennella, Julie A. Beauchamp, Gary K. Kimball, Bruce A. TI Protein Hydrolysates Are Avoided by Herbivores but Not by Omnivores in Two-Choice Preference Tests SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: The negative sensory properties of casein hydrolysates (HC) often limit their usage in products intended for human consumption, despite HC being nutritious and having many functional benefits. Recent, but taxonomically limited, evidence suggests that other animals also avoid consuming HC when alternatives exist. Methodology/Principal Findings: We evaluated ingestive responses of five herbivorous species (guinea pig, mountain beaver, gopher, vole, and rabbit) and five omnivorous species (rat, coyote, house mouse, white-footed mouse, and deer mouse; N = 16-18/species) using solid foods containing 20% HC in a series of two-choice preference tests that used a nonprotein, cellulose-based alternative. Individuals were also tested with collagen hydrolysate (gelatin; GE) to determine whether it would induce similar ingestive responses to those induced by HC. Despite HC and GE having very different nutritional and sensory qualities, both hydrolysates produced similar preference score patterns. We found that the herbivores generally avoided the hydrolysates while the omnivores consumed them at similar levels to the cellulose diet or, more rarely, preferred them (HC by the white-footed mouse; GE by the rat). Follow-up preference tests pairing HC and the nutritionally equivalent intact casein (C) were performed on the three mouse species and the guinea pigs. For the mice, mean HC preference scores were lower in the HC v C compared to the HC v Cel tests, indicating that HC's sensory qualities negatively affected its consumption. However, responses were species-specific. For the guinea pigs, repeated exposure to HC or C (4.7-h sessions; N = 10) were found to increase subsequent HC preference scores in an HC v C preference test, which was interpreted in the light of conservative foraging strategies thought to typify herbivores. Conclusions/Significance: This is the first empirical study of dietary niche-related taxonomic differences in ingestive responses to protein hydrolysates using multiple species under comparable conditions. Our results provide a basis for future work in sensory, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms of hydrolysate avoidance and on the potential use of hydrolysates for pest management. C1 [Field, Kristin L.; Bachmanov, Alexander A.; Mennella, Julie A.; Beauchamp, Gary K.; Kimball, Bruce A.] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Field, KL (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bkimball@monell.org OI Bachmanov, Alexander/0000-0002-2861-3322; Mennella, Julie/0000-0002-8855-0204 FU USDA-NWRC Monell Cooperative agreement [07-7442-0585-CA]; California Dept. of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [2 T32 DC 00014]; KLF: Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award; National Institutes of Health [DC00882, HD37119] FX USDA-NWRC Monell Cooperative agreement (07-7442-0585-CA) California Dept. of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee. Author funding sources: KLF: Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training Grant (2 T32 DC 00014) from the National Institutes of Health. AAB and GKB: National Institutes of Health R01 grant (DC00882). JAM: National Institutes of Health R01 grant (HD37119). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 AR e4126 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004126 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437FT UT WOS:000265472900006 PM 19122811 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Tallury, SP AF Livingston, David P., III Tallury, Shyamalrau P. TI Freezing in non-acclimated oats. II: Thermal response and histology of recovery in gradual and rapidly frozen plants SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Freezing tolerance; Oats; Avena sativa; Super cooling; Latent heat; Isothermal calorimeter; Histology; Triple stain; Paraffin embedding; Apical meristem; Crown core ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; TISSUES; CROWN; INJURY; LEAVES; WATER; RYE; LOCALIZATION; TOLERANCE AB Freezing in winter cereals is a complex phenomenon that can affect various plant tissues differently. To better understand how freezing affects specific tissue in the over wintering organ (crown) of winter cereal crops, non-acclimated oats (Avena sativa L)were gradually frozen to -3 degrees C and tissue damage during recovery was compared to plants that had been supercooled to -3 degrees C and then frozen suddenly. Percentage of total water frozen, was the same whether crowns were frozen suddenly or gradually although the rate offreezing was considerably different. For example, all available water froze within 3 h in suddenly frozen crowns but it took more than 15 h for all available water to freeze in gradually frozen crowns. When plants were suddenly frozen, cells in the apical meristem were disrupted and apparently killed. In these plants re-growth was limited or non-existent. In contrast, the apical region of plants that were slowly frozen appeared undamaged but extensive vessel plugging was observed in cells of the lower crown, possibly from accumulation of phenolics or from microbial proliferation. These histological observations along with the calorimetric analysis suggested that the apical region was killed by intracellular freezing when frozen suddenly while the crown core was damaged by a process, which either induced production of putative phenolic compounds by the plant and/or permitted what appeared to be microbial proliferation in metaxylern vessels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Livingston, David P., III] USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Livingston, David P., III; Tallury, Shyamalrau P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 481 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2008.09.024 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 398LL UT WOS:000262733500004 ER PT J AU Kabela, ED Hornbuckle, BK Cosh, MH Anderson, MC Gleason, ML AF Kabela, Erik D. Hornbuckle, Brian K. Cosh, Michael H. Anderson, Martha C. Gleason, Mark L. TI Dew frequency, duration, amount, and distribution in corn and soybean during SMEX05 SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dew; Corn; Soybean; Remote sensing ID SOIL-MOISTURE; 1.4 GHZ; MICROWAVE EMISSION; SATELLITE MISSION; LEAF WETNESS; MAIZE CANOPY; CROP; SYSTEM; MODEL; SENSITIVITY AB Dew affects the brightness temperature of vegetation and backscatter from vegetation at microwave wavelengths. Must this effect be taken into account in order to avoid corrupting remotely sensed observations of important ecosystem variables such as soil moisture? As a first step towards answering this question, we report the frequency and duration of dew events, the total amount of dew in the canopy, and the distribution of dew within the canopy for two different types of crop canopy, corn and soybean, during SMEX05, a 21-day field experiment conducted during June and July, 2005, in Iowa, USA. We observed dew to be present more than 50% of the time in both corn and soybean at common satellite overpass times of 1:30 and 6:00 CST. Dew was most likely to be present between 12:00 and 6:30 CST, and as late as 9:00 CST. Two different methods to scale the liquid water measured on single leaves to the entire vegetation canopy produced similar results, and we observed dew amounts that were comparable, and in some cases higher, than those that have been shown to affect the microwave brightness temperature and backscatter. The distribution of dew within the canopy among the top and bottom of a leaf and (for corn) the leaf collar may influence its effect on remotely sensed measurements. We found that this distribution is different for light, moderate, and heavy dew events. A modeling approach will be necessary to estimate dew at larger spatial scales associated with satellite remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange (ALEX) model, a land surface process model that accounts for both dewfall and distillation, produced estimates of dew amount and duration that were in agreement with manual observations and observations made with leaf wetness sensors. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kabela, Erik D.; Hornbuckle, Brian K.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gleason, Mark L.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hornbuckle, BK (reprint author), 3007 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bkh@iastate.edu RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Department of Agronomy at Iowa State University; Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research at The University of Iowa; NASA [NNX08AE48G]; Terrestrial Hydrology Program FX This research was supported by Iowa State University of Science and Technology, the Department of Agronomy at Iowa State University, the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research at The University of Iowa, and NASA Grant NNX08AE48G from the Terrestrial Hydrology Program. We appreciate the efforts of. Moti Segal, Daren Mueller, jean Batzer, and Elwynn Taylor of Iowa State University; Tim Hart, For-rest Goodman, John Prueger, and Tom Sauer of the USDA ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory; Tom Jackson of the USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, and the organizer of SMEX05; the anonymous reviewers; and the associate editor. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.07.002 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 388XK UT WOS:000262053400002 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Scott, RL Keefer, TO Emmerich, WE Hernandez, M Nearing, GS Paige, GB Cosh, MH O'Neill, PE AF Moran, M. S. Scott, R. L. Keefer, T. O. Emmerich, W. E. Hernandez, M. Nearing, G. S. Paige, G. B. Cosh, M. H. O'Neill, P. E. TI Partitioning evapotranspiration in semiarid grassland and shrubland ecosystems using time series of soil surface temperature SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Evaporation; Partitioning; Semiarid; Hydrology; Grassland ID WATER-CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS; WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; THERMAL INERTIA MODEL; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; HEAT-FLUX; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES; USE EFFICIENCY; CHINA PLAIN AB Information about the ratio of transpiration (T) to total evapotranspiration (T/ET) is related to critical global change concerns, including shrub encroachment and non-native species invasion. in this study, a new approach was developed to partition measurements of ET into daily evaporation (E-D) and daily transpiration (T-D) in a semiarid watershed based on the low-cost addition of an infrared thermometer and soil moisture sensors to existing eddy covariance and Bowen ratio systems. The difference between the mid-afternoon and pre-dawn soil surface temperature (At) was used to identify days when ED approached a seasonal minimum (E-Dmin) and thus, T-D approximate to ETD - E-Dmin. For other days, an empirical approach was used to partition ETD into ED and To based on volumetric soil moisture. The method was tested using Bowen ratio estimates of ET and continuous measurements of surface temperature with an infrared thermometer (IRT) at a grassland and shrubland site within the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeast Arizona USA in years 2004-2006. Validation was based on a second dataset of Bowen ratio, IRT and shrub sap-flow measurements in 2003. Results showed that reasonable estimates of To were obtained for a multi-year period with ease of operation and minimal cost. Estimates of TD and ED were summed over the study period when plants were actively transpiring for years 2004, 2005 and 2006 to estimate totals over the study period, T-S and E-S, respectively. Preliminary analysis suggests that the accuracy of T-S estimates was 7% of the total measured sum and the precision of T-S estimates was about 4%. For this study period, T-S was related strongly to ETs, with a slope of 0.79 for the grass-dominated site and 0.64 for the shrub-dominated site for the 3 years. Thus, for these sites during the study period in these years, the T-S/ETS was higher for the grass-dominated site than for the shrub-dominated site, and did not vary systematically with variation in amounts and timing of precipitation. The At-based partitioning method has potential for international application in other well-instrumented ecosystems but will need to be tested for application when evaporation is limited by energy rather than water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moran, M. S.; Scott, R. L.; Keefer, T. O.; Emmerich, W. E.; Hernandez, M.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nearing, G. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Paige, G. B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cosh, M. H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [O'Neill, P. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov RI Nearing, Grey/K-4510-2012; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA/USDA Soil Moisture Experiment [SMEX04] FX This work was partially funded by the NASA/USDA Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04) led by Dr. Thomas Jackson, USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA. We depended heavily on the staff at WGEW led by John Smith to keep the instrumentation running and calibrated for this multi-year analysis. Thanks to an anonymous reviewer for very helpful suggestions. NR 65 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.07.004 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 388XK UT WOS:000262053400006 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD AF Reinhardt, Timothy A. Lippolis, John D. TI Mammary gland involution is associated with rapid down regulation of major mammary Ca2+-ATPases SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ca2+-ATPase; Lactation, mammary gland involution; Milk; PMCA; SERCA2; SPCA1; SPCA2; Mammary calcium ID SECRETORY PATHWAY CA2+-ATPASE; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DEATH; MILK; LACTATION; PUMPS; RAT AB Sixty percent of calcium in milk is transported across the mammary cells apical membrane by the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 2 (PMCA2). The effect of abrupt cessation of milk production on the Ca2+-ATPases and mammary calcium transport is unknown. We found that 24 h after stopping milk production, PMCA2 and secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPases 1 and 2 (SPCA1 and 2) expression decreased 80-95%. PMCA4 and Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) expression increased with the loss of PMCA2, SPCA1, and SPCA2 but did not increase until 72-96 h of involution. The rapid loss of these Ca2+-ATPases occurs at a time of high mammary tissue calcium. These results suggest that the abrupt loss of Ca2+-ATPases, required by the mammary gland to regulate the large amount Of Calcium associated with milk production, could lead to accumulation of cell calcium, mitochondria Ca2+ overload, calcium mediated cell death and thus play a part in early signaling of mammary involution. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Lippolis, John D.] USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Reinhardt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tim.reinhardt@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2009 VL 378 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.004 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 384YJ UT WOS:000261779800020 PM 19000904 ER PT J AU Sooksa-Nguan, T Yakubov, B Kozlovskyy, VI Barkume, CM Howe, KJ Thannhauser, TW Rutzke, MA Hart, JJ Kochian, LV Rea, PA Vatamaniuk, OK AF Sooksa-nguan, Thanwalee Yakubov, Bakhtiyor Kozlovskyy, Volodymyr I. Barkume, Caitlin M. Howe, Kevin J. Thannhauser, Theodore W. Rutzke, Michael A. Hart, Jonathan J. Kochian, Leon V. Rea, Philip A. Vatamaniuk, Olena K. TI Drosophila ABC Transporter, DmHMT-1, Confers Tolerance to Cadmium DmHMT-1 AND ITS YEAST HOMOLOG, SpHMT-1, ARE NOT ESSENTIAL FOR VACUOLAR PHYTOCHELATIN SEQUESTRATION SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL DETOXIFICATION; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FISSION YEAST; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BINDING PEPTIDES; GENE FAMILY; SYNTHASE; PROTEIN AB Half-molecule ATP-binding cassette transporters of the HMT-1 (heavy metal tolerance factor 1) subfamily are required for Cd2+ tolerance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Based on studies of S. pombe, it has been proposed that SpHMT-1 transports heavy metal center dot phytochelatin (PC) complexes into the vacuolysosomal compartment. PCs are glutathione derivatives synthesized by PC synthases (PCS) in plants, fungi, and C. elegans in response to heavy metals. Our previous studies in C. elegans, however, suggested that HMT-1 and PCS-1 do not necessarily act in concert in metal detoxification. To further explore this inconsistency, we have gone on to test whether DmHMT-1, an HMT-1 from a new source, Drosophila, whose genome lacks PCS homologs, functions in heavy metal detoxification. In so doing, we show that heterologously expressed DmHMT-1 suppresses the Cd2+ hypersensitivity of S. pombe hmt-1 mutants and localizes to the vacuolar membrane but does not transport Cd center dot PC complexes. Crucially, similar analyses of S. pombe hmt-1 mutants extend this finding to show that SpHMT-1 itself either does not transport Cd center dot PC complexes or is not the principal Cd center dot PC/apoPC transporter. Consistent with this discovery and with our previous suggestion that HMT-1 and PCS-1 do not operate in a simple linear metal detoxification pathway, we demonstrate that, unlike PCS-deficient cells, which are hypersensitive to several heavy metals, SpHMT-1-deficient cells are hypersensitive to Cd2+, but not to Hg2+ or As3+. These findings significantly change our current understanding of the function of HMT-1 proteins and invoke PC-independent role for these transporters in Cd2+ detoxification. C1 [Sooksa-nguan, Thanwalee; Yakubov, Bakhtiyor; Kozlovskyy, Volodymyr I.; Barkume, Caitlin M.; Vatamaniuk, Olena K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Howe, Kevin J.; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Rutzke, Michael A.; Hart, Jonathan J.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Agr Res Serv, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rea, Philip A.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Vatamaniuk, OK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM okv2@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences FX This work was supported by Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Start-up Funds (to O.K.V.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 1 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1074/jbc.M806501200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 387TP UT WOS:000261974800040 PM 19001374 ER PT J AU Ascough, JC Fathelrahman, EM Vandenberg, BC Green, TR Hoag, DL AF Ascough, I. I. J. C. Fathelrahman, E. M. Vandenberg, B. C. Green, T. R. Hoag, D. L. BE Anderssen, RS Braddock, RD Newham, LTH TI Economic risk analysis of agricultural tillage systems using the SMART stochastic efficiency software package SO 18TH WORLD IMACS CONGRESS AND MODSIM09 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: INTERFACING MODELLING AND SIMULATION WITH MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IMACS World Congress/Modelling and Simulation Society-of-Australia-and-New-Zealand (MSSANZ)/18th MODSIM09 Biennial Conference on Modelling and Simulation CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IMACS, MSSANZ, CSIRO, Australian Math Sci Inst, Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, HEMA Consulting, Hellenic European Res Comp Math & Applicat, Int Council Ind Appl Math, Int Soc Grid Generat, Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Pacific Rim Math Assoc, Rutgers, State Univ New Jersey DE risk assessment; stochastic efficiency; economic analysis; agriculture; stochastic dominance ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION AB At the national level, one of the major challenges to United States agriculture during the coming decades will be to produce sufficient food and fiber for a growing world population while maintaining environmentally acceptable farming practices. At the farm level, farmers face various decision-making challenges to reach these national goals. Farmers invest heavily in inputs (e. g., management and labor, equipment purchase and maintenance, fuel, seed, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) every single farming season, but face uncertain natural and market conditions at harvest. One of the major decision-making processes farmers face is tillage system selection, either across the whole farm or for a specific crop. This decision has significant implications for the farm enterprise, both economically and environmentally. Reduced tillage or no-tillage (hereafter referred to as no-till) are considered to be conservation tillage practices that assist in maintaining acceptable environmental goals at potentially lower economic costs; however, the decision to invest in conservation tillage systems also involves risk. Despite incontrovertible benefits, farmers in the United States are still reluctant to adopt reduced tillage or no-till systems due to a lack of information about the consequences involved, including a lack of understanding concerning potential economic (e. g., purchase of new equipment) and environmental (e. g., increased herbicide use under no-till) impacts. More specifically, farmers lack knowledge about risks related to tradeoffs between the upfront (or short-term) costs of implementing conservation management practices compared to long-term economic benefits that might be expected in the future. Recently, a variant of stochastic dominance called stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) has been developed and applied. Unlike traditional stochastic dominance approaches, SERF uses the concept of certainty equivalents (CEs) to rank a set of risk-efficient alternatives instead of finding a subset of dominated alternatives. The Screening and Multivariate Analysis for Risk and Tradeoffs (SMART) software package (both web-based and MS Excel spreadsheet applications) has been developed for integrated economic and environmental risk analysis through ranking of risky alternatives using the CE and SERF concepts. The SMART software also functions as a risk visualization tool for graphically displaying the CEs at various levels of decision maker attitude towards risk (e. g., risk neutral, moderately risk averse, or extremely risk averse). This paper provides a brief overview of the SMART risk analysis framework, and then describes use of the web-based tool to evaluate the efficacy of the SERF methodology for analyzing conventional and conservation tillage systems using 14 years (1990-2003) of economic budget data (collected from 36 experimental plots at the Iowa State University Northeast Research Station near Nashua, Iowa, USA). Specifically, the SERF approach implemented in SMART is used to examine which of three different tillage systems (chisel plow, no-till, and ridge-till) on continuous corn and corn-soybean rotation cropping systems are the most risk-efficient in terms of maximizing economic profitability (net return) across a range of risk aversion preferences. In addition to the SERF analysis, an economic analysis of the tillage system alternatives is also performed using decision criteria and simple statistical measures. Finally, we demonstrate the use of a complementary method, the probability of target value or Stop Light approach, for analyzing and visually displaying the probabilistic information contained in the tillage system cumulative density functions (CDFs). Decision criteria analysis of the economic measures alone provided somewhat contradictive and non-conclusive rankings, e. g., examination of the decision criteria results for corn net return showed that different tillage system alternatives were the highest ranked depending on the decision criterion. SERF analysis results for corn net return showed that the no-till tillage system was preferred across the entire range of risk aversion (risk neutral to strongly risk averse). For the Stop Light analysis, the no-till tillage system was also preferred, regardless of whether the objective of the decision maker is minimizing risk or maximizing net return. C1 [Ascough, I. I. J. C.; Vandenberg, B. C.; Green, T. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA PI NEDLANDS PA NEDLANDS, WA, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9758400-7-8 PY 2009 BP 463 EP 469 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BUQ27 UT WOS:000290045000068 ER PT J AU Green, TR Erskine, RH Murphy, MR Ma, L Ascough, JC McMaster, GS Dunn, GH Ahuja, LR AF Green, T. R. Erskine, R. H. Murphy, M. R. Ma, L. Ascough, J. C., II McMaster, G. S. Dunn, G. H. Ahuja, L. R. BE Anderssen, RS Braddock, RD Newham, LTH TI Space-time dynamics of soil water and process interactions in semi-arid terrain, Colorado, USA SO 18TH WORLD IMACS CONGRESS AND MODSIM09 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: INTERFACING MODELLING AND SIMULATION WITH MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Combined IMACS World Congress/Modelling and Simulation Society-of-Australia-and-New-Zealand (MSSANZ)/18th Biennial Conference on Modelling and Simulation CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IMACS, MSSANZ, CSIRO, Australian Math Sci Inst, Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, HEMA Consulting, Hellenic European Res Comp Math & Applicat, Int Council Ind Appl Math, Int Soc Grid Generat, Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Pacific Rim Math Assoc, Rutgers, State Univ New Jersey DE Profile soil water; undulating terrain; dryland agriculture; loess soils; process interactions ID CAPACITANCE SENSOR; MOISTURE; CALIBRATION; INFILTRATION; TEMPERATURE AB Soil water is a dominant control of plant growth and hydrologic response in dryland (rainfed) agriculture. In agricultural fields, soil water is typically assumed to move vertically with no differential subsurface lateral flow in semi-arid regions. However, soil water dynamics in the profile can vary by landscape position in relation to terrain attributes and space-time soil and plant characteristics. Previous analyses have shown nested (fractal) characteristics of steady infiltration, terrain, and crop grain yield in these landscapes of eastern Colorado, USA. In this study, we measured soil water content across a landscape with varying topography to better understand soil/plant factors controlling the space-time dynamics. Rates of soil-water change at different depths and over multiple time scales were used to illustrate the space-time dynamics related to infiltration events, soil-water redistribution, and evapotranspiration. Dielectric capacitance sensors were used to measure ( infer from frequency domain readings) hourly soil water content over five years (similar to 2003 to 2008) at 18 landscape positions and four depths ( 30, 60, 90, and 120 or 150 cm) in a field with alternating strips of winter wheat-fallow rotation. Probes were fully buried to allow representative surface conditions and shallow tillage. Thus, after hand-augered installation of the probes and reconsolidation of soils, in-situ measurements represent field conditions at minimally disturbed sites. At summit and even some side-slope positions, profile soil-water dynamics may be explained primarily by vertical infiltration, evapotranspiration and redistribution processes. At downslope positions, however, complexities of overland flow and subsurface unsaturated lateral flow appear to influence soil water dynamics with depth. Rates of soil-water change at different depths and over multiple time scales were used to illustrate the space-time dynamics related to infiltration events, soil-water redistribution, and evapotranspiration. Process interactions in space and time further complicated the analyses of soil-water dynamics, as crop water use affected profile soil water during the growing season. Crop water use accounted for most of the interstrip variability, while soil hydraulic properties and near-surface hydrology affected the variability across landscape positions within each strip. Both short-term hydrology and long-term soil development influenced the observed space-time patterns. The potential for surface flow accumulation may help explain the accumulation of subsurface lateral flow that also might affect the dynamics of soil water content at a given landscape position and depth. The topic of deconvolving surface infiltration from subsurface flow convergence is an ongoing research challenge. Feedbacks such as down-slope nutrient transport, differential soil development, and plant water uptake variability along the soil catena must be considered to fully explain space-time interactions. We propose application of a soil-terrain hydrology model that simulates variably saturated subsurface lateral flow in tandem with overland flow in semi-arid landscapes. Better understanding of such interactions should aid variable-rate management to enhance both production and sustainability. C1 [Green, T. R.; Erskine, R. H.; Murphy, M. R.; Ma, L.; Ascough, J. C., II; McMaster, G. S.; Dunn, G. H.; Ahuja, L. R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA PI NEDLANDS PA NEDLANDS, WA, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9758400-7-8 PY 2009 BP 1851 EP 1857 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BUQ27 UT WOS:000290045001133 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Elliot, WJ Pierson, FB Hall, DE Moffet, CA AF Robichaud, P. R. Elliot, W. J. Pierson, F. B. Hall, D. E. Moffet, C. A. BE Anderssen, RS Braddock, RD Newham, LTH TI A probabilistic approach to modeling postfire erosion after the 2009 Australian bushfires SO 18TH WORLD IMACS CONGRESS AND MODSIM09 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: INTERFACING MODELLING AND SIMULATION WITH MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Combined IMACS World Congress/Modelling and Simulation Society-of-Australia-and-New-Zealand (MSSANZ)/18th Biennial Conference on Modelling and Simulation CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IMACS, MSSANZ, CSIRO, Australian Math Sci Inst, Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, HEMA Consulting, Hellenic European Res Comp Math & Applicat, Int Council Ind Appl Math, Int Soc Grid Generat, Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Pacific Rim Math Assoc, Rutgers, State Univ New Jersey DE sediment yield; wildfire; WEPP; ERMiT; Victoria Bushfires ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; RANGELAND AB Major concerns after bushfires and wildfires include increased flooding, erosion and debris flows due to loss of the protective forest floor layer, loss of water storage, and creation of water repellent soil conditions. To assist postfire assessment teams in their efforts to evaluate fire effects and make postfire treatment decisions, a web-based Erosion Risk Management Tool (ERMiT) has been developed. ERMiT uses the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model to predict postfire hillslope erosion and to evaluate the potential effectiveness of some common hillslope erosion mitigation practices. The model uses a probabilistic approach that incorporates variability in climate, soil properties, and burn severity for forests, rangeland, and chaparral hillslopes. For user specified climate, burn severity, and soil conditions, ERMiT produces a distribution of erosion rates with a likelihood of their occurrence for each of five years after the fire. ERMiT also provides single-event erosion rate distributions for hillslopes that have been treated with seed, straw mulch, and erosion barriers. ERMiT's outputs help managers establish the probability associated with a given level of sediment yield for a given location, and this information can be used along with information about the value of resources at risk and acceptable loss thresholds to make postfire erosion treatment decisions. The objectives of this paper are to describe: 1) the conceptual framework and components of the ERMiT model; and 2) an application of ERMiT from 2009 Victoria, Australia bushfires. C1 [Robichaud, P. R.; Elliot, W. J.; Hall, D. E.] Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA PI NEDLANDS PA NEDLANDS, WA, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9758400-7-8 PY 2009 BP 1893 EP 1899 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BUQ27 UT WOS:000290045001139 ER PT J AU Elliot, WJ Foltz, RB Robichaud, PR AF Elliot, W. J. Foltz, R. B. Robichaud, P. R. BE Anderssen, RS Braddock, RD Newham, LTH TI Recent findings related to measuring and modeling forest road erosion SO 18TH WORLD IMACS CONGRESS AND MODSIM09 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: INTERFACING MODELLING AND SIMULATION WITH MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Combined IMACS World Congress/Modelling and Simulation Society-of-Australia-and-New-Zealand (MSSANZ)/18th Biennial Conference on Modelling and Simulation CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IMACS, MSSANZ, CSIRO, Australian Math Sci Inst, Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, HEMA Consulting, Hellenic European Res Comp Math & Applicat, Int Council Ind Appl Math, Int Soc Grid Generat, Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Pacific Rim Math Assoc, Rutgers, State Univ New Jersey DE WEPP:Road; ditch; road surface; inslope; outslope ID ERODIBILITY; PREDICTION AB Sediment is the greatest pollutant of forest streams. In the absence of wildfire, forest road networks are usually the main source of sediment in forest watersheds. An understanding of forest road erosion processes is important to aid in predicting sediment delivery from roads to streams. The flowpath followed by runoff is the key to understanding road erosion processes. On rutted roads, the flowpath follows ruts until a cross drain structure or change of grade is encountered, leading to considerable sediment delivery. Insloping roads to bare ditches can lead to ditch erosion, but if the ditch is graveled or vegetated, erosion is generally minimal. Outsloping a road minimizes the flow path length on the road, minimizing surface erosion, and runoff is dispersed along the hillside, minimizing delivery. If roads have low or no traffic, the road surface may become armored, reducing erosion rates by 70 to 80 percent. If there is no traffic, and a road becomes covered in vegetation, erosion may drop 99 percent, but the hydraulic conductivity of the road surface is only minimally affected. In many cases, forest buffers absorb road runoff, minimizing the delivery of road sediment to streams. Buffers are less effective in wetter climates in absorbing runoff and reducing sediment delivery. Cutslopes can erode, making sediment readily available to be transported from roads. Graveling reduces the likelihood of rut formation, generally leading to a significant decline in road erosion. Traffic, however, can reduce the effectiveness of gravel by pressing it into the subgrade, or breaking it down. Paving a road will reduce road surface erosion, but may increase erosion in road ditches and on the hillsides or channels in a buffer area. If water is delivered from road cross drains to a channel, the chances of delivering sediment increases, as does the chance of entraining additional sediment through channel erosion. Empirical (USLE and SEDMODL) and process-based (KINEROS and WEPP) models have been applied to road erosion. SEDMODL and WEPP have been specifically adopted to model road erosion, and to account for the important detachment and delivery processes. A version of WEPP is available online that is receiving widespread use in the USA and throughout the world. This tool can either analyze single segments of road between cross drains, or can analyze up to 200 segments in a single run. Areas needing to be improved in road erosion are modeling the armoring process within a storm, developing the probabilistic capabilities of WEPP for road applications, adding mass wasting to the WEPP technology and expanding the WEPP road soil database. C1 [Elliot, W. J.; Foltz, R. B.; Robichaud, P. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. EM welliot@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA PI NEDLANDS PA NEDLANDS, WA, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9758400-7-8 PY 2009 BP 4078 EP 4084 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BUQ27 UT WOS:000290045004022 ER PT B AU Mueller, R Boryan, C Seffrin, R AF Mueller, Rick Boryan, Claire Seffrin, Robert BE Di, L Chen, A TI Data Partnership Synergy: The Cropland Data Layer SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE agriculture; decision tree classification; partnership; AWiFS; Common Land Unit ID CLASSIFICATION AB The US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) has generated the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) product for more than twelve years, providing annual geospatial updates of the agricultural landscape across the US Heartland. The CDL program delivers acreage estimates based on regression modeling for decision support and provides a crop-specific geospatial dataset for the public domain. This model produces acreage estimates for statisticians and key decision makers in NASS Field Offices and the Agricultural Statistics Board, the official statistical reporting unit of USDA. The CDL program has grown incrementally as collaborative partnerships and technological efficiencies have increased via re-engineering both the classification and estimation process. The CDL is now operational in 19 states for 2008 covering the major corn, soybeans, cotton, and wheat areas. Additionally, the CDL is generated multiple times during the growing season. This allows the program to take advantage of updated satellite imagery and updated farmer reported ground data, in consideration for the crop reports that NASS releases in June, August, September, and October. Satellite data have been used successfully for years by the CDL program to accurately identify crop types and produce acreage estimates at the state, district, and county levels. Continued expansion of the CDL program would be impossible without leveraging both satellite and ground truth data partnerships. The USDA/Foreign Agricultural Service/Satellite Image Archive (SIA) provides year round coverage of all major growing areas, while the USDA/Farm Services Agency (FSA) provides farmer reported agricultural specific ground truth. These data sharing partnerships are synergized by the CDL to provide a crop specific land cover classification utilizing regression tree software derived from two major inputs; 1) 56 meter multispectral imagery from Resourcesat-1 AWiFS and 2) ground truth training data from the FSA, Common Land Unit Program. Additionally, 3) ancillary datasets are incorporated into the classification method to improve non-agricultural land cover, including; The National Elevation Dataset; the 2001 National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), the NLCD Imperviousness and Forest Canopy products. The current CDL product is a comprehensive land cover inventory produced operationally in-season annually. C1 [Mueller, Rick; Boryan, Claire; Seffrin, Robert] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Mueller, R (reprint author), Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 606 EP 611 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400116 ER PT B AU Zhao, PS Di, LP Han, WG Yang, ZW AF Zhao, Peisheng Di, Liping Han, Weiguo Yang, Zhengwei BE Di, L Chen, A TI Building Geospatial Web Portal for Use of National Agricultural Statistics in Geographic Context SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE OGC; Web Service; Agricultural Statistics AB The national agricultural statistics data are being widely used by federal and state government agencies for decision making and universities for academic research. It has great impacts on national economy and homeland security. However, most of these data are stored and published in the form of spreadsheet. Only few of them have been used to create a map for geographic analysis. This paper introduces a fully extensible geospatial Web portal designed to use Web services to integrate the various national agrcultural tabular data with relevant geographic data, and make them discoverable, retrievable, analyzable and visualizable in the geographic context over Web. This portal increases the visibility, usability of government tabular data and improves accuracy, promptness and broadness of decision support system. C1 [Zhao, Peisheng; Di, Liping; Han, Weiguo] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yang, Zhengwei] USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhao, PS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pzhao@gmu.edu; ldi@gmu.edu; whan@gmu.edu; Zhengwei_Yang@nass.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 670 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400129 ER PT B AU O'Neil-Dunne, J Pelletier, K MacFaden, S Troy, A Grove, JM AF O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath Pelletier, Keith MacFaden, Sean Troy, Austin Grove, J. Morgan BE Di, L Chen, A TI Object-Based High-Resolution Land-Cover Mapping Operational Considerations SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE OBIA; imagery; land cover; remote sensing; high resolution ID CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY AB There has been a marked increase in availability of high-resolution remotely-sensed datasets over the past eight years. The ability to efficiently extract accurate and meaningful land-cover information from these datasets is crucial if the full potential of these datasets is to be harnessed Land-cover datasets, particularly high-resolution ones, must be statistically accurate and depict a realistic representation of the landscape if they are to be used by decision makers and trusted by the general public. Furthermore, if such datasets are to be accessible and relevant, mechanisms must exist that facilitate cost-effective and timely production. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques offer the greatest potential for generating accurate and meaningful land-cover datasets in an efficient manner. They overcome the limitations of traditional pixel-based classification methods by incorporating not only spectral data but also spatial and contextual information, and they offer substantial efficiency gains compared to manual interpretation. Drawing on our experience in applying OBIA techniques to high-resolution data, we believe any automated approach to land-cover mapping must: 1) effectively replicate the human image analyst; 2) incorporate datasets from multiple sources; and 3) be capable of processing large datasets. To meet this functionality, an operational OBIA system should: I) employ expert systems; 2) support vector and raster datasets; and 3) leverage enterprise computing architecture. C1 [O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath; Pelletier, Keith; MacFaden, Sean; Troy, Austin] Univ Vermont, Spatial Anal Lab, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Grove, J. Morgan] USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stat, Burlington, VT USA. RP O'Neil-Dunne, J (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Spatial Anal Lab, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Jarlath.ONeil-Dunne@uvm.edu; mgrove@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Northern States Research Cooperative, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX Examples in the paper were drawn from a variety of projects funded by the USDA Forest Service, the Northern States Research Cooperative, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, the Maryland Department ofNatural Resources, and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. We are grateful to these organizations for supporting our work. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 851 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400163 ER PT B AU Liu, GE AF Liu, George E. GP IEEE TI Distinct turn-over patterns of common repeats correlate with genome size differences among cattle, dog and human Genome size differences among cattle, dog and human SO 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering CY JUN 11-16, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Engineering Med & Biol Soc, Gordon Life Sci Inst, Fudan Univ, Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommunicat, Beijing Inst Technol, Wuhan Univ, Journal Biomed Sci & Engn DE common repeats; mammalian evolution; genome size ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; REVEALS; INSIGHTS AB Optimal three-way global sequence alignments for 84 cattle clones or loci (total 11 Mb of high-quality finished genomic sequence, each larger than 50 kb) were constructed using the human and dog genome assemblies. Although unique portions of genomic sequence remained relatively constant among these three mammals, the overall size differences in cattle-dog, human-cattle, and human-dog comparisons were 10.6%, 6.2%, and 16.8% respectively, which strongly correlated with the difference between repetitive portions in dog (28.9%), cattle (39.5%) and human (45.6%). These alignments were therefore examined for the pattern, frequency, and nature of common repeats and their contribution to the genome size. This comparison indicated that distinct turn-over patterns of lineage-specific (young) or ancestral (old) repeats may account for a repeat-driven genome size change in cattle, dog and human. The smaller size of the cattle sequence relative to human is primarily due to less ancestral repeats, indicating a larger loss of them in cattle. The larger size of the cattle sequence as compared to dog is mainly due to additional lineage specific repeat sequences in cattle, suggesting a higher insertion rate and longer lineage-specific repeats in cattle. Finally, both insertions of lineage-specific repeats and retentions of ancestral repeats contributed to the larger size of the human sequence as compared to dog. Assuming that the sampled genome sequence is representative, these differences may lead to 6-16% differences of dog, cattle, human genome size, with majorities of them due to insertions and deletions of common repeats. C1 ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Bldg 200,Room 124B,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2901-1 PY 2009 BP 435 EP 438 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTB33 UT WOS:000286342800109 ER PT B AU Rosentrater, KA Kongar, E AF Rosentrater, Kurt. A. Kongar, Elif BA Ituen, EUU Alonge, AF BF Ituen, EUU Alonge, AF TI Costs of Pelleting to Enhance the Logistics of Distillers Grains Shipping SO 2009 BIOENERGY ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioenergy Engineering CY OCT 11-14, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ASABE DE Biofuels; DDGS; distillers grains; coproducts; logistics ID FLOW PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLUBLES DDGS; DRIED GRAINS; ETHANOL; CORN AB Biofuels, especially corn-based ethanol, can help meet some of the increasing demand for transportation fuels. Currently, the most heavily utilized substrate is corn grain, which is readily converted into ethanol at a relatively low cost compared to other biomass sources. The production of ethanol in the U.S. has been dramatically increasing during the last several years; so too has the quantity of manufacturing coproducts. These nonfermentable residues are most often dried and sold as distillers dried grains with solubles - DDGS. Even though these materials are used to feed livestock in local markets, as the size of the industry continues to grow, the need to ship large quantities of coproducts nationally and internationally will also increase. Various processing options offer the potential to increase the sustainability and improve the economics of each ethanol plant, and thus the industry overall. However, implementation will be dependent upon how new costs interact with current processing costs. This paper focuses specifically on determining the costs to add a pelleting operation at an existing fuel ethanol manufacturing plant. We have examined all captial and operational costs, as well as benefits for pelleting DDGS at varying production rates (100 to 1000 tons/d). We have determined that as the DDGS generation rate increases, the cost of pelleting drastically declines, due to the development of economies of scale. For example, at a DDGS generation of 100 ton/d, the cost to pellet was $14.07/ton/y; whereas at a scale of 1000 ton/d, the cost to pellet was only $3.95/ton/y. Thus at large production scales, the cost of adding and operating a pelleting line is minimized compared to the lower production rates. The sustainability of the ethanol industry can be improved by implementing pelleting technology, especially at those plants that ship their DDGS via rail. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov; kongar@bridgeport.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA PY 2009 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BSO48 UT WOS:000285132400015 ER PT B AU Britz, S Mirecki, R Sullivan, J AF Britz, Steven Mirecki, Roman Sullivan, Joe GP IEEE TI Shedding Light on Nutrition SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Supplemental ultraviolet-B radiation (280-320 nm) can increase phenolic compounds in plants and help to preserve them during storage after harvest. The nutritional significance of these compounds and the use of UV-LEDs will be discussed. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Britz, Steven; Mirecki, Roman] USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sullivan, Joe] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Britz, S (reprint author), USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Steven.Britz@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3245 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302609 ER PT B AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. Bradford, Joe M. GP IEEE TI APPLYING LINEAR SPECTRAL UNMIXING TO AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY FOR MAPPING CROP YIELD VARIABILITY SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Linear spectral unmixing; hyperspectral imagery; narrow-band NDVI; yield variability ID MONITOR DATA; SITE AB This study evaluated linear spectral unmixing techniques for mapping the variation in crop yield. Both unconstrained and constrained linear spectral unmixing models were applied to airborne hyperspectral imagery recorded from a grain sorghum field and a cotton field. A pair of plant and soil spectra derived from each image was used as endmember spectra to generate unconstrained and constrained plant and soil cover fractions. Yield was positively related to plant fractions and negatively related to soil fractions. For comparison, all 5151 possible narrow-band normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) were calculated from the 102-band images and related to yield. Plant fractions provided better correlations with yield than the majority of the NDVIs. These results indicate that plant cover fraction maps derived from hyperspectral imagery can be used as relative yield maps to characterize crop yield variability. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.; Bradford, Joe M.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400046 ER PT B AU Daughtry, CST Serbin, G Reeves, JB Doraiswamy, PC Hunt, ER AF Daughtry, C. S. T. Serbin, Guy Reeves, J. B., III Doraiswamy, P. C. Hunt, E. R., Jr. GP IEEE TI WHEAT STRAW COMPOSITION AND SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE CHANGES DURING DECOMPOSITION SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Crop residue cover; Lignin; Cellulose; Reflectance spectra; Cellulose Absorption Index ID CROP RESIDUE COVER; SMALL-GRAIN FIELDS; SOIL AB Quantification of crop residue cover is required to assess the extent of conservation tillage. Our objectives were to measure the changes in wheat straw composition and spectral reflectance during decomposition and to assess impact of these changes on remotely sensed estimates of residue cover. Mesh bags filled with wheat straw were placed on the soil surface and removed at intervals over 22 months. The relative proportions of cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw declined while lignin increased. Reflectance spectra of wheat straw and two soils were measured over 350-2500 nm region. Absorption features in the reflectance spectra associated with cellulose diminished as the straw decomposed. The Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) was a robust estimator of crop residue cover. Advanced multi-spectral sensors with multiple relatively narrow shortwave infrared bands or hyperspectral sensors are needed to assess crop residue cover reliably over diverse agricultural landscapes. C1 [Daughtry, C. S. T.; Doraiswamy, P. C.; Hunt, E. R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Serbin, Guy] USDA FAS Off Global Anal, ASRC Management Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Reeves, J. B., III] USDA ARS, Env Management & Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 336 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400083 ER PT S AU Bolten, J Crow, W Zhan, X Jackson, T Reynolds, C AF Bolten, J. Crow, W. Zhan, X. Jackson, T. Reynolds, C. GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF A SOIL MOISTURE DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM OVER WEST AFRICA SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Remote sensing; soil moisture; data assimilation ID AMSR-E; MODEL AB The U S Department of Agriculture (USDA) International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) is responsible for providing monthly global crop estimates that heavily influence global commodity market access These estimates are derived from a merging of many data sources including satellite and ground observations, and more than 20 years of climatology and crop behavior data over key agricultural areas The goal of IPAD is to provide timely and accurate estimates of global crop conditions for use in up-to-date commodity intelligence reports A crucial requirement of these global crop yield forecasts is the regional characterization of surface and sub-surface soil moisture However, due to the spatial heterogeneity and dynamic nature of precipitation events and soil wetness, accurate estimation of regional land surface-atmosphere interactions based sparse ground measurements is difficult [1] Temporal resolution is particularly important for predicting adequate surface wetting and drying between precipitation events and is closely integrated with CADRE We attempt to improve upon the existing system by applying an Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation system to integrate surface soil moisture retrievals from the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) into the USDA soil moisture model The improved temporal resolution and spatial coverage of the satellite-based EOS Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) is envisaged to provide a better characterization of root zone soil moisture at the regional scale and enable more accurate crop monitoring in key agricultural areas This work aims at evaluating the utility of merging satellite-retrieved soil moisture estimates with the IPAD two-layer soil moisture model used within the DBMS We present a quantitative analysis of the assimilated soil moisture product over West Africa (9 degrees N-20 degrees N. 20 degrees W-20 degrees E) This region contains many key agricultural areas and has a high agro-meteorological gradient from desert and semi-and vegetation in the North, to grassland, trees and crops in the South, thus providing an ideal location for evaluating the assimilated soil moisture product over multiple land cover types and conditions A data denial experimental approach is utilized to isolate the added utility of integrating remotely-sensed soil moisture by comparing assimilated soil moisture results obtained using (relatively) low-quality precipitation products obtained from real-time satellite imagery to baseline model runs forced with higher quality rainfall An analysis of root-zone anomalies for each model simulation suggests that the assimilation of AMSR-E surface soil moisture retrievals can add significant value to USDA root-zone predictions derived from real-time satellite precipitation products C1 [Bolten, J.] NASA Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Crow, W.; Zhan, X.; Jackson, T.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Reynolds, C.] USDA FAS Off Global Analysis, Int Prod Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bolten, J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remotes Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bolten, J (reprint author), NASA Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA's Applied Sciences Program; Integrating NASA's Global Soil Moisture Remote Sensing and Modeling Data into the USDA's Global Crop Production Decision Support System [NNS06AA051] FX This research was supported by funding from NASAs Applied Sciences Program and grant NNS06AA051 entitled Integrating NASAs Global Soil Moisture Remote Sensing and Modeling Data into the USDAs Global Crop Production Decision Support System NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 1227 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418264 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054100311 ER PT S AU Joseph, AT van der Velde, R O'Neill, PE Lang, R Gish, T AF Joseph, A. T. van der Velde, R. O'Neill, P. E. Lang, R. Gish, T. GP IEEE TI A VEGETATION CORRECTION METHODOLOGY APPLIED FOR SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL FROM C-BAND RADAR OBSERVATIONS SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Vegetation correction; soil moisture; radar; retrieval algorithms ID MISSION AB This research presents a methodology to correct backscatter (sigma(0)) observations for vegetation effects. The proposed methodology is based on the concept that the ratio between the surface scattering over the total amount of scattering (sigma(0)(surface)/sigma(0)(soil)) is affected only by the vegetation and can be described as a function of the vegetation water content. The data set used in this study was collected at USDA's Optimizing Production Inputs for Economic and Environmental Enhancement (OPE3) experimental site in Beltsville, Maryland (USA) over a corn growth cycle in 2002 and includes C-band (4 75 GHz) HH- and VV-polarized observations acquired at incidence angles of 15, 35 and 55 degrees During this period the corn crops reached peak biomass of 6.6 kg m(-2) and a soil moisture range varying from 0.02 to 0.26 cm(3)cm(-3) The results show that through application of the proposed vegetation correction methodology the soil moisture retrieval accuracy can be improved from 0.033 to 0 032 cm(3)cm(-3), 0.049 to 0 033 cm(3)cm(-3), and 0.079 to 0 047 cm(3)cm(-3) at incidence angles of 15, 35 and 55 degrees, respectively C1 [Joseph, A. T.; O'Neill, P. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van der Velde, R.] Int Inst Geo Informat Sci & Earth & Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands. [Lang, R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gish, T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Joseph, AT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 1351 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418192 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054101013 ER PT S AU O'Neill, P Lang, R Kurum, M Joseph, A Cosh, M Jackson, T AF O'Neill, Peggy Lang, Roger Kurum, Mehmet Joseph, Alicia Cosh, Michael Jackson, Thomas GP IEEE TI MICROWAVE SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL UNDER TREES USING A MODIFIED TAU-OMEGA MODEL SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE soil moisture; retrieval algorithms; microwave radiometry; trees; tau-omega model ID EMISSION; CORN AB During 2007-2009 field experiments have been conducted using the ComRAD microwave truck instrument system with a goal of optimizing microwave soil moisture retrieval algorithms for small to medium deciduous and coniferous trees. A joint effort of NASA / GSFC and George Washington University, ComRAD consists of a quad-polarized 1.25 GHz radar and a dual-polarized 1.4 GHz radiometer sharing the same antenna. In the current study, ComRAD microwave data and ground truth measurements of soil moisture, temperature, soil texture, and vegetation water content and geometry statistics have been used to assess whether the zero-order tau-omega model can be employed successfully to retrieve soil moisture under tree canopies using effective values for tau (the vegetation opacity) and omega (the single scattering albedo). In addition, the tau-omega model has been modified to include a first-order scattering term, which will be discussed in a companion paper [1]. C1 [O'Neill, Peggy; Joseph, Alicia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger; Kurum, Mehmet] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cosh, Michael; Jackson, Thomas] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP O'Neill, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; OI Cosh, Michael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 1592 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417757 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054101074 ER PT S AU Chai, L Shi, J Du, J Tao, J Jackson, T O'neill, PE Zhang, L Qu, Y Wang, J AF Chai, Linna Shi, J. Du, J. Tao, J. Jackson, T. O'neill, P. E. Zhang, L. Qu, Y. Wang, J. GP IEEE TI A STUDY ON ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND WET BIOMASS BASED ON THE MICROWAVE VEGETATION INDICES SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE passive microwave; microwave vegetation indices; AMSR-E; vegetation wet biomass ID SCATTERING; EMISSION; FORESTS AB Vegetation biomass is an important parameter in the carbon cycle study. In this paper, a new technique to estimate aboveground vegetation wet biomass based on the Microwave Vegetation Indices (MVIs), which are computed through the observed brightness temperature of AMSR-E/Aqua under two adjacent frequencies, has been developed. The MVIs can provide significant new information compared with the conventional optical vegetation indices since the microwave measurements are sensitive not only to the leafy part of vegetation properties but also to the properties of the overall vegetation canopy where the microwave sensor can "see" through. We know that the absorption effect of vegetation canopy is mostly controlled by the total wet biomass. In this technique, we first retrieve the single scattering albedo and the optical thickness based on model simulations under AMSR-E configuration. Then, the estimated above two properties are used to derive the absorption fraction of vegetation. Finally, it can be related to the aboveground vegetation wet biomass. C1 [Chai, Linna; Shi, J.; Du, J.; Tao, J.; Zhang, L.; Qu, Y.; Wang, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Chai, Linna; Tao, J.; Zhang, L.; Qu, Y.; Wang, J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog & remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Shi, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Du, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Jackson, T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [O'neill, P. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chai, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM camille_chai@163.com FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB714403] FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB714403). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 2226 EP + PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054101235 ER PT S AU Sun, RJ Shi, JC Jackson, T Chen, KS Oh, Y AF Sun, Ruijing Shi, Jiancheng Jackson, Thomas Chen, Kunshan Oh, Yisok GP IEEE TI IMPROVEMENT OF BARE SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE ESTIMATION WITH L-BAND DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE soil moisture; L-band multi-polarization radar; surface roughness; correlation functions ID MODEL; BACKSCATTERING; SCATTERING AB This study demonstrates a new algorithm development for estimating bare surface soil moisture using dual-polarization L-band backscattering measurements. Through our analyses on the numerically simulated surface backscattering database by Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM) with a wide range of soil moisture and surface roughness conditions, we found that the relative difference of the overall surface roughness parameters at the different co-polarizations can be well estimated through a roughness index. This new finding leads to an algorithm on estimation of bare surface soil moisture. We will demonstrate the theory and techniques of this algorithm through the AIEM simulated database and validate it with two field ground scatterometer experimental data. The results indicate that bare surface soil moisture can be estimated quite well with only co-polarized backscattering signals. It provides a solid support for Soil Moisture Active and Passive mission (SMAP). C1 [Sun, Ruijing; Shi, Jiancheng] Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sun, Ruijing; Jackson, Thomas] USDA, ARS Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Chen, Kunshan] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Oh, Yisok] Hongik Univ, Seoul, South Korea. RP Sun, RJ (reprint author), Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 3351 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417541 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054102114 ER PT S AU Monty, JG Crawford, M Daughtry, CST AF Monty, J. G. Crawford, M. Daughtry, C. S. T. GP IEEE TI ROBUST ESTIMATION OF CROP RESIDUE COVER VIA MULTI/HYPERSPECTRAL SENSING SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE crop residue cover; CAI; NDTI; Advanced Land Imager; hyperspectral ID SOIL CARBON AB Agricultural crop residues have a significant role in nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and soil erosion. In the Midwestern United States, residue cover is strongly related to tillage practices. Estimates of residue cover have been obtained from various multispectral and hyperspectral indices Methods based on hyperspectral data yield superior results and are more robust to variation in sods and vegetation cover, but are limited by availability of data Approaches that utilize milk:spectral data require local field data to calibrate models and have limited generalization over extended areas The goal of this study is to investigate approaches to exploit the superior discrimination capability of hyperspectral data to improve results derived from multispectral data over extended areas and reduce dependence on local field based measurements. A classification based approach which utilizes the CAI hyperspectral index to identify labeled data associated with residue cover classes corresponding to intensity of tillage, and a regression modeling approach which relates CAI and NDTI, are evaluated to estimate residue coverage in soybean and corn fields in typical agricultural lands in central Indiana, U.S.A. C1 [Monty, J. G.; Crawford, M.] Purdue Univ, Applicat Remote Sensing Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Daughtry, C. S. T.] USDA, ARS Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Monty, JG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Applicat Remote Sensing Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service; Department of Agronomy; Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing at Purdue University FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, the Department of Agronomy and the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing at Purdue University. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 3826 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417645 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054102235 ER PT B AU Sajbel, M AF Sajbel, Mark GP IEEE TI Implementing Electronics Stewardship: A US Federal Agency's Perspective (May 2009) SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology-ISSST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology CY MAY 18-20, 2009 CL Tempe, AZ SP IEEE DE computer power management; Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT); electronics stewardship; end-of-life management; Energy Star ID EXERGY CONSUMPTION; SERVICES AB This paper addresses the efforts of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to implement electronics stewardship (ES) objectives that deal with all three lifecycle phases: acquisition, operation, and end-of-life. A program analyst assessed USDA compliance with Federal ES requirements in 2007 and found that it was compliant in some respects and needing additional effort to comply in other areas. The requirements are to buy Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) products, enable Energy Star settings, extend the life of electronics, and use environmentally sound end-of-life practices. The analyst drafted an Electronics Stewardship Plan (ESP), which senior officials approved in July 2007. The ESP documented his analysis and formulated a path toward full compliance with electronics stewardship objectives. The ESP focused on the procurement and operation lifecycle phases, since USDA was already largely compliant with computer lifespan and end-of-life requirements. This paper discusses the roles of key officials in ES implementation, supplemental policy for agency-wide guidance, milestones for achieving objectives, and contractual tools for achieving and maintaining compliance with ES requirements. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Sajbel, M (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mark.sajbel@da.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4324-6 J9 IEEE I SYMP SUST SYS PY 2009 BP 187 EP 189 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BNE63 UT WOS:000274279200038 ER PT B AU Lee, SM Araman, PA Abbott, AL Winn, M AF Lee, Sang-Mook Araman, Philip A. Abbott, A. Lynn Winn, Matthew BE Zinterhof, P Loncaric, S Uhl, A Carini, A TI Automated Grading, Upgrading, and Cuttings Prediction of Surfaced Dry Hardwood Lumber SO 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS (ISPA 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA 2009) CY SEP 16-18, 2009 CL Univ Salzburg, Dept Comp Sci, Salzburg, AUSTRIA HO Univ Salzburg, Dept Comp Sci AB This paper concerns the scanning, sawing, and grading of kiln-dried hardwood lumber. A prototype system is described that uses laser sources and a video camera 10 Scan boards. The system automatically detects defects and wane, searches for optimal sawing solutions, and then estimates the grades of the boards that would result. The goal is to derive maximum commercial value based on current market prices. This paper presents the results of a recent empirical test in which the system's grading decisions are compared with those assigned by a human expert. We also assess the potential of cuttings from the lumber by board grade. The test involved 86 yellow poplar boards and 90 red oak boards. The automated system assigned higher grades for 17% of the boards, and it assigned lower grades for 43% of the boards. The main cause of disagreement was the presence of stains on the board, both natural and mechanical, which were occasionally classified by the scanning system as defects. The system also recommended additional edging or trimming on 42% of the boards to increase the grade and value of the boards. Overall, the automated system performed well on typical cases of planed and dried boards. C1 [Lee, Sang-Mook; Abbott, A. Lynn] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Araman, Philip A.; Winn, Matthew] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lsmook@vt.edu; paraman@vt.edu; abbott@vt.edu; mattwinn@vt.edu FU Wood Education and Resource Center (WERC), USDA Forest Service [05-DG-11244225-354]; Allegheny Wood Products, Inc., Green Valley Sawrnill, Princeton, WV FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Wood Education and Resource Center (WERC), USDA Forest Service, under award 05-DG-11244225-354. Additional support was provided by Allegheny Wood Products, Inc., Green Valley Sawrnill, Princeton, WV. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5649-9 PY 2009 BP 381 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNP12 UT WOS:000275167900067 ER PT J AU Rodgers, J Campbell, J Cui, XL Thibodeaux, D AF Rodgers, James Campbell, Jacqueline Cui, Xiaoliang Thibodeaux, Devron TI Feasibility of Traceable Color Standards for Cotton Color SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE CIELAB; Color; Cotton; HVI; Spectrophotometer; Traceability AB Cotton color is measured on the Uster High Volume Instrument (HVI) for Rd (diffuse reflectance) and +b (yellowness): cotton-specific color parameters not as well known as other globally recognized color systems (e.g., CIELAB). Standards used for HVI color are ceramic tiles and cotton batts, but there is no "National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-like" traceability or means to verify/certify these standards. A comparative program investigated new standard procedures and protocols, evaluated globally recognized color systems, and developed traceable or verified/certified HVI color standards. Good to excellent color unit agreement was observed for the color tiles and Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) tiles when glass was not used in the measurement, but only fair agreement was observed for all units when glass was placed between the sample and the spectrophotometer port. C1 [Rodgers, James] ARS, Res Unit, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), ARS, Res Unit, SRRC, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM James.Rodgers@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 398LS UT WOS:000262734200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, AK Garvey, JR Sadler, LJ Meiszberg, AM Morrow, JL Stalder, KJ McGlone, JJ AF Johnson, A. K. Garvey, J. R. Sadler, L. J. Meiszberg, A. M. Morrow, J. L. Stalder, K. J. McGlone, J. J. TI Risky behaviors performed by the piglet 72 hours after parturition that can contribute to pre-weaning mortality when housed in farrowing huts SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION A-ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Behavior; farrowing hut; outdoor; piglets ID MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; LACTATING SOWS; DOMESTIC PIGS; CRUSH PIGLETS; STIMULI; FREQUENCY; TACTILE AB The objective was to compare the behavior of loose-housed outdoor litters that had one or more piglet mortalities (CR; n=4) compared to litters where no mortalities occurred (NC; n=4). The litter of piglets was observed using 10-min scan samples over 72 h from birth and individual piglets were continually observed 1 h prior to death. Postures, nursing, unknown, location within the hut, and vicinity to the sow were determined. There were no differences observed for any measures 1 h before a piglet's death. There were no differences for treatment or day by treatment over the 72 h for behaviors or vicinity to sow. There was a day effect with piglets becoming more inactive and nursing less often from d1 to d3. There was a day effect for vicinity to sow with piglets spending less time by the sow over the 3 d. Few behavioral differences were observed between treatments. C1 [Johnson, A. K.; Garvey, J. R.; Sadler, L. J.; Meiszberg, A. M.; Stalder, K. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Morrow, J. L.] Texas Tech Univ, USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McGlone, J. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Pork Ind Inst, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Johnson, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2356-F Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM johnsona@iastate.edu RI Johnson, Anna/E-9319-2015; OI Johnson, Anna/0000-0001-7687-0465; Stalder, Kenneth/0000-0001-9540-681X FU USDA-Fund for Rural America; USDA-ARS; Consolidated Nutrition; Texas Tech Animal Science Research Funds; Hatch Funds through the Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University FX This work was supported by USDA-Fund for Rural America, USDA-ARS, Consolidated Nutrition, Texas Tech Animal Science Research Funds, and Hatch Funds through the Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University. The authors thank J. Smith and A. Lewis for animal care and technical assistance. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4702 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A-Anim. Sci. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 AR PII 911452423 DI 10.1080/09064700902988913 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 448EO UT WOS:000266246100008 ER PT B AU Nichols, BL Quezada-Calvillo, R AF Nichols, Buford L. Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto BE Pond, WG Nichols, BL Brown, DL TI The Evolving Knowledge of Nutrition SO ADEQUATE FOOD FOR ALL: CULTURE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SLOW DIGESTION PROPERTY; INTESTINAL MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE; NATIVE CEREAL STARCHES; PEPTIDE-HYDROLASES; ENZYMES; MUCOSA AB In Chapter 1, the origins of agriculture were traced to a period of about 10,000 years ago when the hunter-gatherer lifestyle was replaced by farming. This "green revolution" occurred in many locations and among many peoples. The diversity of foods and food compositions before and after the first green revolution suggest that fundamental genomic mechanisms exist to digest and utilize the broad spectrum of human diets (Chapters 1, 3, 4). Some of the genes that express digestive enzymes, such as amylase, are about 3.5 billion years old, as old as the first living cells. Other genes, such as enterokinase, which regulates protein digestion, are as young as 0.5 billion years old (Hedges et al., 2004). These digestive genes are part of the genome of all living organisms and are essential for maintenance, growth, and reproduction (de Duve, 2007). Their generic nature permits the present and future diversity of agriculture and food availability. As pointed out in Chapters 1 and 22, the growth of global population is already placing strains on food availability and diversity. It is my contention that greater understanding of basic human food needs, when coupled to understanding of the spectrum of food genomes, can continue to evolve and sustain global population growth and health through a new green revolution. C1 [Nichols, Buford L.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nichols, Buford L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, CIEP Fac Ciencias Quim, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7754-4; 978-1-4200-7753-7 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 29 D2 10.1201/9781420077544 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC2TS UT WOS:000351311500004 ER PT B AU Imai, CM Burnett, DJ Dwyer, JT AF Imai, Cindy M. Burnett, Dustin J. Dwyer, Johanna T. BE Pond, WG Nichols, BL Brown, DL TI The Influence of Culture and Customs on Food Choices SO ADEQUATE FOOD FOR ALL: CULTURE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCIAL FACILITATION AB This chapter emphasizes the role of food in social structure, and highlights key cultural factors that influence food choices. They include geography and environment, biology and physiology, the senses, technology, politics, economics, and social and psychological factors. A brief review of some of the staple foods used in cuisines throughout the world is provided. The cultural forces that make people choose or refuse certain foods are addressed. Religion is also a factor, and it is further discussed in Chapter 3. C1 [Imai, Cindy M.; Burnett, Dustin J.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr,Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Imai, CM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7754-4; 978-1-4200-7753-7 PY 2009 BP 45 EP 66 D2 10.1201/9781420077544 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC2TS UT WOS:000351311500006 ER PT B AU Quezada-Calvillo, R Nichols, BL AF Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Nichols, Buford L. BE Pond, WG Nichols, BL Brown, DL TI Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates SO ADEQUATE FOOD FOR ALL: CULTURE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LACTASE-PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE DEFICIENCY; HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR-1-ALPHA; MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE ACTIVITY; PANCREATIC ALPHA-AMYLASE; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; STARCH DIGESTION; SMALL-INTESTINE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM AB Carbohydrates are the major dietary sources of energy for humans. While most dietary carbohydrates are derived from multiple botanical sources, lactose and trehalose are the only animal-derived carbohydrates of relevance for human diet. The nutritional value of all carbohydrates depends on their digestion into monosaccharides by glucosidases of the gastrointestinal tract. Digestion of starch, the carbohydrate most abundantly consumed by humans, depends on the concerted activity of the six enzyme activities: salivary and pancreatic amylases, sucrase-isomaltase, and maltase-glucoamylase. Simpler carbohydrates such as sucrose, lactose, or trehalose only require the activities of sucrase, lactase, and trehalase, respectively, for their digestion. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are the main monosaccharides produced by digestion of dietary carbohydrates that are metabolized by humans. Depending on the requirements of individuals, these monosaccharides may follow metabolic pathways of either energy generation or energy storage. The imbalance between energy expenditure and dietary intake of energy-rich foods has a direct relationship to the development of diseases involving energy metabolism, such as obesity or diabetes. These effects have led to attempting the classification of carbohydrates based on their potential to induce physiologic effects in humans. However, to understand and manipulate the physiologic responses of the human organism to carbohydrate feeding, detailed studies to identify the multiple enzyme/substrate interactions among the large variety of available carbohydrates and the eight glucosidic activities of the human gastrointestinal tract are necessary. C1 [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, CIEP Fac Ciencias Quim, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Nichols, Buford L.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Nichols, Buford L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Quezada-Calvillo, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, CIEP Fac Ciencias Quim, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7754-4; 978-1-4200-7753-7 PY 2009 BP 69 EP 87 D2 10.1201/9781420077544 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC2TS UT WOS:000351311500007 ER PT B AU Erbach, DC Wilhelm, WW AF Erbach, Donald C. Wilhelm, Wallace W. BE Pond, WG Nichols, BL Brown, DL TI Bioenergy: Energy Sources and Costs for Agriculture SO ADEQUATE FOOD FOR ALL: CULTURE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The way in which the world's population currently meets its energy needs is not sustainable. Fossil petroleum, natural gas, and coal reserves currently relied on are finite and nonrenewable, and their use has serious security, environmental, and economic consequences. Therefore, it is critical to develop renewable and sustainable alternative energy sources. Solar radiation is the only significant renewable and sustainable source of energy for the earth. This energy can be captured in plant material via photosynthesis and converted to liquid transportation fuel alternatives for petroleum-based gasoline and diesel. However, the resources required for producing biomass for energy are the same as those required to produce biomass for food, and this poses a fuel-versus-food conflict. Some feel the world's land and water resources are sufficient to meet energy needs and also satisfy food and feed requirements. Others are concerned that use of food crops and of agricultural resources for energy are causing food shortages and starvation. It is critical that both energy and food be adequately provided, and fortunately, the world has great capacity to meet both needs. The challenge is to sustainably and efficiently manage that capacity, including agricultural and forestry resources, to effectively meet human needs. Agriculture has the potential to be a significant energy provider and in doing so bring vitality to rural communities. For a successful bioenergy program to be implemented, effective energy policy must be enacted, policy that encourages producers and users of energy and food to make choices and take actions that are in the best interest of humanity. C1 [Erbach, Donald C.] ARS, Engn Energy, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wilhelm, Wallace W.] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Erbach, DC (reprint author), ARS, Engn Energy, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7754-4; 978-1-4200-7753-7 PY 2009 BP 263 EP 281 D2 10.1201/9781420077544 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC2TS UT WOS:000351311500019 ER PT B AU Shapouri, S Rosen, S AF Shapouri, Shahla Rosen, Stacey BE Pond, WG Nichols, BL Brown, DL TI World Population and Food Availability SO ADEQUATE FOOD FOR ALL: CULTURE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Through the twentieth century, population grew at an unprecedented rate. During this time, developing countries transitioned to low death rates, thereby fueling global population growth. In developed countries, birth rates and death rates generally declined at the same rate, leading to nearly stagnating population growth rates. As a result of this difference in growth paths, 80% of the population growth since 1900 has taken place in developing countries, particularly in the world's poorer countries. During the last century, growth in global food production surpassed population growth, leading to an overall improvement in per capita food consumption at the aggregate level. In developing countries, the key factors that influenced diets were income growth and urbanization; these factors led to increased demand for higher-value farm products, such as animal proteins, fruits, and vegetables. During 1970 to 2005, daily per capita calorie availability in developing countries increased at three times the rate of developed countries. However, the available food has not been distributed evenly. At one extreme, there is the United States, where per capita food availability exceeded 3500 calories per day in 2005. At the other extreme is sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where per capita food availability averaged only 2300 calories. The paradox of the increase in global food availability and persistent hunger stems from income inequality both among and within countries. One of the key variables determining the outlook for food availability, the growth rate of world population, is on a slowing growth path. More than 90% of the population growth will be in developing countries. Improvements in global per capita food availability are expected to continue, but gains will be slower than historical rates. While there will be adequate food to keep up with demand at the global level, millions will continue to go hungry because of national unequal distribution of income that limits food purchasing power. C1 [Shapouri, Shahla; Rosen, Stacey] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Shapouri, S (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7754-4; 978-1-4200-7753-7 PY 2009 BP 361 EP 378 D2 10.1201/9781420077544 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC2TS UT WOS:000351311500024 ER PT J AU Gupta, BS Edwards, JV AF Gupta, B. S. Edwards, J. V. BE Rajendran, S TI Textile materials and structures for wound care products SO ADVANCED TEXTILES FOR WOUND CARE SE Woodhead Publishing in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE wounds; wound healing strategies; dressings; bandages; dressing polymers and fibers; textile processes ID GAUZE DRESSINGS; ALGINATE FIBERS; IN-VITRO; COTTON; MODEL; HEMOSTASIS; MATRIX; REPAIR; BEADS AB A thorough understanding of the healing mechanism and dressing requirements for different types of wound repair is necessary before optimum products based on textiles could be engineered. In this chapter, first a general overview of the wounds and their healing, and of the available dressings and bandages, is presented. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the polymer and fiber materials of which the dressings are composed and of the textile processes that are used in forming the wound care products. C1 [Gupta, B. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Edwards, J. V.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Gupta, BS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bgupta@ncsu.edu; vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-271-1 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL TEXT PY 2009 VL 85 BP 48 EP 96 DI 10.1533/9781845696306.1.48 D2 10.1533/9781845696306 PG 49 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Textiles SC Cell Biology; Materials Science GA BOE41 UT WOS:000276378100004 ER PT S AU Kalavacharla, V Hossain, K Riera-Lizarazu, O Gu, Y Maan, SS Kianian, SF AF Kalavacharla, Venu Hossain, Khwaja Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar Gu, Yong Maan, Shivcharan S. Kianian, Shahryar F. BE Sparks, DL TI RADIATION HYBRID MAPPING IN CROP PLANTS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 102 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; CHROMOSOME BIN MAP; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; WHOLE-GENOME; PHYSICAL MAP; RICE GENOME; COTTON GOSSYPIUM; COMPLEX GENOMES AB A number of recombination-based and physical mapping methods have been developed in order to study and understand the genomic organization of plant species. Of these methods, physical mapping methods provide the best correlation between position on a map and actual physical location on the chromosome. In this review, we discuss differences between maps developed on the basis of recombination and those developed independent of recombination. In the latter method, termed commonly as physical mapping, we discuss methods that have been employed in a number of agriculturally important plant species including rice, the legume model Medicago, tomato, soybean, barley and wheat, and then focus on the radiation hybrid method of physical mapping. After a brief overview of the radiation hybrid methods employed in mammalian species, we discuss radiation hybrid mapping for maize, barley, cotton and wheat in detail. C1 [Kalavacharla, Venu] Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE USA. [Hossain, Khwaja] Mayville State Univ, Div Sci & Math, Mayville, ND USA. [Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gu, Yong] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Maan, Shivcharan S.; Kianian, Shahryar F.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Kalavacharla, V (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE USA. EM vkalavacharla@desu.edu NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374818-8 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2009 VL 102 BP 201 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(09)01006-2 PG 22 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BJK80 UT WOS:000266721600006 ER PT S AU Scheckel, KG Chaney, RL Basta, NT Ryan, JA AF Scheckel, Kirk G. Chaney, Rufus L. Basta, Nicholas T. Ryan, James A. BE Sparks, DL TI ADVANCES IN ASSESSING BIOAVAILABILITY OF METAL(LOID)S IN CONTAMINATED SOILS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOLUME 104 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; BIOSOLIDS-COMPOST AMENDMENT; VARYING PH CONDITIONS; IN-SITU REMEDIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; ARSENIC BIOAVAILABILITY; ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY AB The term bioavailability has many different meanings across various disciplines of toxicology and pharmacology. Often bioavailability is concerned with human health aspects such in the case of lead (Pb) ingestion by children. However, some of the most contaminated sites are found in nonpublic access facilities (Department of Defense or Energy) or in remote regions as a result of mining or industrial practices in which ecoreceptors such as plants, animals, and soil organisms are the primary concerns as well as the potential for food-chain transfer. In all cases, the endpoint requires movement of the element across a biological barrier. The still utilized approach to base risk assessment on total metal content in soils is an outdated endeavor and has never been proved to be scientifically sound. Yet to reverse this trend, much work is required to establish baseline bioavailability measurements and to develop complementary methods that are capable of predicting bioavailability across a whole range of impacted media in a cost-efficient manner. Thus, regulators have recognized site-specific human health risk assessments play a key role in decision-making processes at contaminated sites. Bioavailability issues surrounding metal-contaminated soils and media have been an area of intense research. For obvious ethical reasons, we cannot solicit humans, in particular the sensitive population of children, from the general population for experimental purposes to examine the long-term harmful effect of metals in soils. However, some adult human feeding studies have been accomplished under tight medical supervision and with very small doses. One option to understand and relate bioavailability in humans is to employ animal surrogates; however, the physiology of most animals is different than that: of humans but good correlations have been achieved despite the dose-response paradigm not being identical. The biggest drawback of in vivo studies to examine metal bioavailability to an appropriate ecoreceptor, be it human, plant, or soil organism, is the tremendous cost and time involved relative to chemical and physical surrogates. Chemical surrogate methods generally only require knowledge of the total metal content so that a percent bioaccessible number can be generated from in vitro extractions that simulate digestive systems or mimic responses to sensitive ecoreceptors. However, there is not a consensus as, to which of the many in vitro methods is the best analogy to an ecoreceptor uptake and the same can be said for in vivo animal models to mimic human response as well. Further, there is yet to be a single in vitro method that can account for more than a few elements for a specific exposure pathway (e.g., Pb and/or arsenic (AS) for human health). These in vitro tests require honest and accurate validation against in vivo bioavailability measurements, but most of all would benefit from metal speciation methods to identify the forms of metals allowing their release. Adaptation of spectroscopic speciation techniques to identify metal(loid) phases is extremely beneficial in bioavailability research to understand the variability of biologically available metal uptake, to manipulate the ecosystem to reduce bioavailability via in situ amendments, to monitor the long-term stability of elements to ensure bioavailability indicators do not change over time, and to develop comprehensive predictive models based on speciation. C1 [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Basta, Nicholas T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 160 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374820-1 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2009 VL 104 BP 1 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(09)04001-2 PG 52 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BLU03 UT WOS:000271012200001 ER PT S AU Hietala, KA Roane, TM AF Hietala, K. A. Roane, T. M. BE Singh, A Kuhad, RC Ward, OP TI Microbial Remediation of Metals in Soils SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED BIOREMEDIATION SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; LEAD CONTAMINATED SOILS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CADMIUM TOXICITY; MINE TAILINGS; NAPHTHALENE BIODEGRADATION; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; RESISTANCE GENES C1 [Roane, T. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Hietala, K. A.] ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, USDA, Denver, CO USA. RP Roane, TM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM Timberley.Roane@ucdenver.edu NR 117 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-540-89621-0 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2009 VL 17 BP 201 EP 220 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-89621-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-89621-0 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Agriculture GA BLQ03 UT WOS:000270752300012 ER PT B AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, David R. BE Doepel, L TI Impact of NDF Content and Digestibility on Dairy Cow Performance SO ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, VOL 21 SE ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Western Canadian Dairy Seminar CY MAR 10-13, 2009 CL Red Deer, CANADA SP Arm & Hammer Anim Nutr, Dairy Farmers Manitoba, Dairy Farmers Saskatchewan, RBC Royal Bank, Univ Alberta, ABS Global, Agri Feed Prod Ltd, Alta Genet, Bank Montreal, JAY LOR Fabricating, Merial Canada Inc, Meyers Norris Penny, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Saputo Inc, Unifeed, Adv Comfort Technol, AGRI TRAC, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Alberta Milk, Alltech Canada, Anim Pro Prod, Balchem Corp, Cargill Anim Nutr, Chr Hansen, CIBC Agr, DeLaval Inc, Elanco Anim Hlth, Farm Credit Canada, Feed Rite, Keystone Agr Marketing Ltd, Phibro Anim Hlth, Soy Best, Westgen, Zinpro Performance Minerals, The Co operators ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM David.Mertens@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIVERSITY ALBERTA DEPT AGR, FOOD & NUTR SCI PI EDMONTON PA 310 AGRICULTURE FORESTRYCTR, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2P5, CANADA BN 978-1-896110-37-0 J9 ADV DAIRY TECHNOL PY 2009 VL 21 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BJI62 UT WOS:000266158400016 ER PT B AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, David R. BE Doepel, L TI Maximizing Forage Use by Dairy Cows SO ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, VOL 21 SE ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Western Canadian Dairy Seminar CY MAR 10-13, 2009 CL Red Deer, CANADA SP Arm & Hammer Anim Nutr, Dairy Farmers Manitoba, Dairy Farmers Saskatchewan, RBC Royal Bank, Univ Alberta, ABS Global, Agri Feed Prod Ltd, Alta Genet, Bank Montreal, JAY LOR Fabricating, Merial Canada Inc, Meyers Norris Penny, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Saputo Inc, Unifeed, Adv Comfort Technol, AGRI TRAC, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Alberta Milk, Alltech Canada, Anim Pro Prod, Balchem Corp, Cargill Anim Nutr, Chr Hansen, CIBC Agr, DeLaval Inc, Elanco Anim Hlth, Farm Credit Canada, Feed Rite, Keystone Agr Marketing Ltd, Phibro Anim Hlth, Soy Best, Westgen, Zinpro Performance Minerals, The Co operators ID FIBER C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM David.Mertens@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVERSITY ALBERTA DEPT AGR, FOOD & NUTR SCI PI EDMONTON PA 310 AGRICULTURE FORESTRYCTR, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2P5, CANADA BN 978-1-896110-37-0 J9 ADV DAIRY TECHNOL PY 2009 VL 21 BP 303 EP 319 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BJI62 UT WOS:000266158400025 ER PT S AU Warner, K AF Warner, Kathleen BE Sahin, S Sumnu, S TI Flavor Changes During Frying SO ADVANCES IN DEEP-FAT FRYING OF FOODS SE Contemporary Food Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS; SOYBEAN OILS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; HEATED TRIOLEIN; TRILINOLEIN; ODOR C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2155-336X BN 978-1-4200-5558-0 J9 CONTEMP FOOD ENG JI Contemp. Food Eng. PY 2009 BP 201 EP 213 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BJL31 UT WOS:000266750000009 ER PT S AU Gelineau-van Waes, J Voss, KA Stevens, VL Speer, MC Riley, RT AF Gelineau-van Waes, J. Voss, K. A. Stevens, V. L. Speer, M. C. Riley, R. T. BE Taylor, SL TI Maternal Fumonisin Exposure as a Risk Factor for Neural Tube Defects SO ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH, VOL 56 SE Advances in Food and Nutrition Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FOLATE BINDING PROTEIN-1; RENAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FREE SPHINGOID BASES; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FOLIC-ACID; RAT-LIVER; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; CULTURE MATERIAL; IN-VIVO AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the fungus F. verticillioides, a common contaminant of maize (corn) worldwide. Maternal consumption of fumonisin B-1-contaminated maize during early pregnancy has recently been associated with increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) in human populations that rely heavily on maize as a dietary staple. Experimental administration of purified fumonisin to mice early in gestation also results in an increased incidence of NTDs in exposed offspring. Fumonisin inhibits the enzyme ceramide synthase in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, resulting in an elevation of free sphingoid bases and depletion of downstream glycosphingolipids. Increased sphingoid base metabolites (i.e., sphinganine-1-phosphate) may perturb signaling cascades involved in embryonic morphogenesis by functioning as ligands for sphingosine-1-P (S1P) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that regulate key biological processes such as cell survival/proliferation, differentiation and migration. Fumonisin-induced depletion of glycosphingolipids impairs expression and function of the GPI-anchored folate receptor (Folr1), which may also contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. NTDs appear to be multifactorial in origin, involving complex gene-nutrient-environment interactions. Vitamin supplements containing folic acid have been shown to reduce the occurrence of NTDs, and may help protect the developing fetus from environmental terato-gens. Fumonisins appear to be an environmental risk factor for birth defects, although other aspects of maternal nutrition and genetics play interactive roles in determining pregnancy outcome. Minimizing exposures to mycotoxins through enhanced agricultural practices, identifying biomarkers of exposure, characterizing mechanisms of toxicity, and improving maternal nutrition are all important strategies for reducing the NTD burden in susceptible human populations. C1 [Gelineau-van Waes, J.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE USA. [Voss, K. A.; Riley, R. T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Stevens, V. L.] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Speer, M. C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC USA. RP Gelineau-van Waes, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE USA. NR 182 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1043-4526 BN 978-0-08-092235-5; 978-0-12-374439-5 J9 ADV FOOD NUTR RES JI Adv. Food Nutr. Res. PY 2009 VL 56 BP 145 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S1043-4526(08)00605-0 PG 37 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCO81 UT WOS:000310917600005 PM 19389609 ER PT B AU Jia, YL Wang, XY Costanzo, S Lee, S AF Jia, Yulin Wang, Xueyan Costanzo, Stefano Lee, Seonghee BE Wang, GL Valent, B TI Understanding the Co-evolution of the Rice Blast Resistance Gene PI-TA and Magnaporthe oryzae Avirulence Gene AVR-PITA SO ADVANCES IN GENETICS, GENOMICS AND CONTROL OF RICE BLAST DISEASE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Rice Blast Conference CY OCT 09-14, 2007 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Pi-ta; AVR-Pita; Co-evolution; Balanced selection ID PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; DISEASE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; REGISTRATION; FUNGUS; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; LOCUS AB The Pi-ta gene in rice effectively prevents infection by races of Magnaporthe oryzae that contain the corresponding AVR gene, AVR-Pita. Pi-ta is a putative cytoplasmic protein with a centrally located nucleotide binding sites (NBS) and a leucine rich domain (LRD) at the carboxyl terminus. The Pi-ta gene has been deployed effectively in preventing rice blast in the southern US since 1990. AVR-Pita encodes a predicted metalloprotease, and its processed form, AVR-Pita(176), was shown to directly bind with the Pi-ta protein in triggering effective defense responses. Variants of AVR-Pita were identified in many contemporary M. oryzae races and in isolates collected during the last 30 years in the US. Sequence analysis of these AVR-Pita variants revealed that the AVR-Pita protein might be under diversified selection. Most recently, sequence analysis of the Pi-ta variants in six Oryza species (O. sativa, O. glaberrima, O. officialis, O. rufipogon, O. barthii and O. nivara) revealed that functional nucleotide polymorphism at the position of 918 (FNP918) is present among all these Oryzae species, and Pi-ta may be under balanced selection. Our results suggest that Pi-ta co-evolves with AVR-Pita, and that rice engages trench warfare with M. oryzae during the host and pathogen co-evolution. C1 [Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulinjia@ars.usda.gov FU Arkansas Rice Research; Promotion Board; National Science Foundation, USA [0638820] FX We thank Michael Lin, Konstantin Gubrij, Melissa H. Jia, Kristen Pratt, Jessica Harris, Rebekah Clemons, CuWanda Flowers and Tony Beaty for excellent technical support.This project was supported in part by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0638820, USA. Special thanks to Drs. James Correll, Fleet N Lee, James Gibbons and Karen Moldenhauer for their cooperation and comments on this chapter. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9499-6 PY 2009 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9500-9_14 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BJJ41 UT WOS:000266407200014 ER PT S AU Willers, JL Jallas, E McKinion, JM Seal, MR Turner, S AF Willers, Jeffrey L. Jallas, Eric McKinion, James M. Seal, Michael R. Turner, Sam BE Papajorgji, PJ Paradalos, PM TI Precision Farming, Myth or Reality: Selected Case Studies from Mississippi Cotton Fields SO ADVANCES IN MODELING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS; AGRICULTURE; SYSTEM; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN; YIELD; SOIL AB There is a lot of interest in the concept of precision farming, also called precision agriculture or site-specific management. Although the total acreage managed by these concepts is increasing worldwide each year, there are several limitations and constraints that must be resolved to sustain this increase. These include (1) collecting and managing the large amounts of information necessary to accomplish this micromanagement, (2) building and delivering geo-referenced fine-scale (i.e., change every few meters or less) prescriptions in a timely manner, (3) finding or developing agricultural machines capable of quickly and simultaneously altering the rates of one or more agri-chemicals applied to the crop according to a geo-referenced prescription, (4) the need to have personnel stay "current" with advancements in developing technologies and adapting them to agriculture, (5) refining existing and/or creating new analytical theories useful in agriculture within a multidisciplinary, multiinstitutional, and multibusiness environment of cooperation, and (6) modification of agricultural practices that enhances environmental conservation and/or stewardship while complying with governmental regulations and facing difficult economic constraints to remain profitable. There are many myths that overshadow the realities and obscure the true possibilities of precision agriculture. Considerations to establish productive linkages between the diverse sources of information and equipment necessary to apply site-specific practices and geographically monitor yield are daunting. It is anticipated that simulation models and other decision support systems will play key roles in integrating tasks involved with precision agriculture. Discovering how to connect models or other software systems to the hardware technologies of precision agriculture, while demonstrating their reliability and managing the flows of information among components, is a major challenge. The close cooperation of the extension, industrial, production, and research sectors of agriculture will be required to resolve this constraint. C1 [Willers, Jeffrey L.; McKinion, James M.; Turner, Sam] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Jallas, Eric] SAS ITK, Montpellier, France. [Seal, Michael R.] ITD, Spectral Vis, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Willers, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. EM jeffrey.willers@ars.usda.gov; Eric.jallas@wtkweb.com; mckinion@ra.msstate.edu NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-0-387-75180-1 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2009 VL 25 BP 243 EP 272 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-75181-8_12 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-75181-8 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA BJU38 UT WOS:000267167000012 ER PT J AU Jansky, S AF Jansky, Shelley BE Singh, J Kaur, L TI Breeding, Genetics, and Cultivar Development SO ADVANCES IN POTATO CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; WILD-SPECIES HYBRIDS; EARLY GENERATION SELECTION; UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; INHIBITOR SLI GENE; BALANCE NUMBER EBN; GAMETOPHYTIC SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; TETRAPLOID-DIPLOID CROSSES C1 [Jansky, Shelley] USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 244 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092191-4 PY 2009 BP 27 EP 62 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374349-7.00002-7 PG 36 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BCS04 UT WOS:000311235100004 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. BE Singh, J Kaur, L TI Analysis and Biological Activities of Potato Glycoalkaloids, Calystegine Alkaloids, Phenolic Compounds, and Anthocyanins SO ADVANCES IN POTATO CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT; STOMACH-CANCER CELLS; JIMSON WEED DATURA; ALPHA-CHACONINE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; STEROIDAL GLYCOALKALOIDS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; TOMATO GLYCOALKALOIDS C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 150 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092191-4 PY 2009 BP 127 EP 161 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374349-7.00006-4 PG 35 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BCS04 UT WOS:000311235100008 ER PT J AU Navarre, DA Goyer, A Shakya, R AF Navarre, Duroy A. Goyer, Aymeric Shakya, Roshani BE Singh, J Kaur, L TI Nutritional Value of Potatoes: Vitamin, Phytonutrient, and Mineral Content SO ADVANCES IN POTATO CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; FRESH-CUT POTATOES; CHLOROGENIC ACID; FOLATE INTAKE; HIGHER-PLANTS; CANCER-CELLS; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; CAROTENOID CONTENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE C1 [Navarre, Duroy A.; Goyer, Aymeric; Shakya, Roshani] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 164 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092191-4 PY 2009 BP 395 EP 424 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374349-7.00014-3 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BCS04 UT WOS:000311235100016 ER PT S AU Reddy, DVR Sudarshana, MR Fuchs, M Rao, NC Thottappilly, G AF Reddy, D. V. R. Sudarshana, M. R. Fuchs, M. Rao, N. C. Thottappilly, G. BE Loebenstein, G Carr, JP TI Genetically Engineered Virus-Resistant Plants in Developing Countries: Current Status and Future Prospects SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 75 SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; REPLICASE-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; MAIZE STREAK VIRUS; POKEWEED ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; YELLOW-MOTTLE-VIRUS; IPOMOEA-BATATAS L.; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA AB Plant viruses cause severe crop losses worldwide. Conventional control strategies, such as cultural methods and biocide applications against arthropod, nematode, and plasmodiophorid vectors, have limited success at mitigating the impact of plant viruses. Planting resistant cultivars is the most effective and economical way to control plant virus diseases. Natural sources of resistance have been exploited extensively to develop virus-resistant plants by conventional breeding. Non-conventional methods have also been used successfully to confer virus resistance by transferring primarily virus-derived genes, including viral coat protein, replicase, movement protein, defective interfering RNA, non-coding RNA sequences, and protease, into susceptible plants. Non-viral genes (R genes, microRNAs, ribosome-inactivating proteins, protease inhibitors, dsRNAse, RNA modifying enzymes, and scFvs) have also been used successfully to engineer resistance to viruses in plants. Very few genetically engineered (GE) virus resistant (VR) crops have been released for cultivation and none is available yet in developing countries. However, a number of economically important GEVR crops, transformed with viral genes are of great interest in developing countries. The major issues confronting the production and deregulation of GEVR crops in developing countries are primarily socio-economic and related to intellectual property rights, biosafety regulatory frameworks, expenditure to generate GE crops and opposition by non-governmental activists. Suggestions for satisfactory resolution of these factors, presumably leading to field tests and deregulation of GEVR crops in developing countries, are given. C1 [Sudarshana, M. R.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fuchs, M.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY USA. [Rao, N. C.] Ctr Econ & Social Studies, Hyderabad 500016, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Thottappilly, G.] Sahrdaya Coll Engn & Technol, Kodaka 680684, Kerala, India. RP Reddy, DVR (reprint author), Venkata Villa,8-2-283-B-1,Rd 3 Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 171 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-381397-8 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2009 VL 75 BP 185 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(09)07506-X PG 36 WC Virology SC Virology GA BMJ11 UT WOS:000272540800007 PM 20109667 ER PT J AU Peredo, EL Arroyo-Garcia, R Reed, BM Revilla, MA AF Peredo, Elena L. Arroyo-Garcia, Rosa Reed, Barbara M. Angeles Revilla, M. TI Genetic stability of in vitro conserved germplasm of Humulus lupulus L. SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism); cold storage; cryopreservation; MSAP (Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism); RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA); somaclonal variation ID DNA METHYLATION; SHOOT CULTURES; CRYOPRESERVATION; PLANTS; MARKERS; HOP; VARIABILITY; RESOURCES; STORAGE; AFLP AB The genetic and epigenetic stability of hop accessions cryopreserved for one year or cold stored for three years was evaluated using several molecular markers (RAPD, AFLP, and MSAP). Clear, repetitive patterns were obtained among accessions and between control and treated samples. Although no genetic changes were detected among the control plants grown in the greenhouse and in vitro plants regenerated from slow-cooling cryopreserved shoot tips or cold stored in vitro shoots, MSAP analysis detected methylation changes in 36% of the loci. Nevertheless, only 2.6 to 9.8% of the detected changes could be ascribed to the conservation procedure and most of them seemed to be generated as a result of the in vitro introduction. Due to the number of accessions analysed (51) we can cautiously deduce that the genetic behaviour described in this work after cryopreservation or cold-storage protocols is common to most hop genotypes and these storage procedures are suitable for standard use. However, it is important to keep in mind the epigenetic changes produced, particularly during any in vitro processes. C1 [Peredo, Elena L.; Angeles Revilla, M.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Plant Physiol, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain. [Arroyo-Garcia, Rosa] Inst Nacl Invest Agr & Alimentaria, Dept Biotecnol, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Reed, Barbara M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Peredo, EL (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Plant Physiol, Catedrat Rodrigo Uria S-N, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain. EM elperedo.uo@uniovi.es RI Lopez Peredo, Elena/N-8688-2013; OI Lopez Peredo, Elena/0000-0001-9691-4189; Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473; Revilla-Bahillo, Maria Angeles Matilde/0000-0002-1409-1674; Arroyo-Garcia, R/0000-0002-0597-1282 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology; FEDER [MCT-02-AGL-02472]; F.P.U.; USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (Corvallis, OR, USA); CRIS [5358-21000-033-00D] FX This research was supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology and FEDER (project MCT-02-AGL-02472). E.L.P. is in receipt of an F.P.U. grant. All the plant material was provided by the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (Corvallis, OR, USA) and supported by CRIS 5358-21000-033-00D. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND PI JOKIOINEN PA DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICES SARI TORKKO, 31600 JOKIOINEN, FINLAND SN 1459-6067 J9 AGR FOOD SCI JI Agr. Food Sci. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 471TH UT WOS:000268080700006 ER PT J AU Liefert, WM AF Liefert, William M. TI Decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps: an application to Russia SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE D52; F15; P22; Q11; Agricultural prices; Producer support estimates; Price transmission; Exchange rates; Agricultural infrastructure; Russian agriculture ID TRANSITION AB The article develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps, defined as the difference between a commodity's domestic producer and border prices. We use OECD's procedure for decomposing changes in the market price support part of producer support estimates as the starting point for our decomposition method, and our method provides a basis for critiquing OECD's decomposition approach. The transmission of changes in border prices (world prices and the exchange rate) to domestic prices is a key element in the decomposition. The method is demonstrated using Russian agricultural price gaps. The results support the argument that for Russian agriculture during the transition period, the main cause of changes in price gaps has been incomplete transmission of changes in the exchange rate to domestic prices, and where the weak transmission results mainly not from policy intervention, but rather from deficient market conditions, in particular poor market infrastructure. The policy implication is that underdeveloped infrastructure has strongly limited the benefits to the Russian economy from agricultural trade liberalization. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Liefert, WM (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM wliefert@ers.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00341.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 394MN UT WOS:000262450900002 ER PT B AU Zuazo, VHD Pleguezuelo, CRR Flanagan, DC Martinez, JRF Raya, AM AF Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio Flanagan, Dennis C. Francia Martinez, Jose Ramon Martinez Raya, Armando BE Hudspeth, CA Reeve, TE TI AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF: NEW RESEARCH TRENDS SO AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, COASTAL ENGINEERING AND FLOODING SE Environmental Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; REDUCING PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; RIPARIAN FOREST; BUFFER STRIPS; COLIFORM BACTERIA; FECAL-COLIFORM; SURFACE WATERS; HERBICIDE RETENTION AB There is public concern worldwide about the impact of agriculture on the environment and the migration of agrochemicals from their target to nearby terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and sometimes to the atmosphere and other times to the groundwater. To achieve the highest yields, farmers use many agrochemicals and practices, which frequently have repercussions for the nearby natural or/and semi-natural adjacent areas. Research is needed to identify the correct amount of fertilisers and the appropriate management to be applied in order to minimise non-target effects while allowing the farmers profitable yield from their agro-ecosystems. Some agrochemicals call leave the agro-ecosystem by the runoff water, by the percolation of soil water or by evaporating into the atmosphere as gases. The recent awareness about the relationship between agricultural activities and non-point source Pollution is also growing in many parts of the world. The challenge for farmers, land managers, and land users is to maintain the quality Of Surface waters and the health of biological communities by reducing and managing the amount of sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants in agricultural runoff. Making changes to land use or correcting past abuses is often expensive. A considerable amount of research is underway by organisations with a commitment to, or responsibility for, managing the effects of land-use practices on the environment. Studies have been made concerning land-use practices to reduce environmental impact, such as more efficient fertiliser use, Sustainable grazing practices, fencing of riverbank access, and re-planting of vegetation along streams. Finally, research has supported a range of monitoring activities to determine the quantity and fate of agro-materials in agricultural runoff, this information is used to assess the health and status Of agro-ecosystems and form a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of land-management practices to reduce threats. C1 [Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo; Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio; Francia Martinez, Jose Ramon; Martinez Raya, Armando] IFAPA Ctr Camino Purchil, Granada 18080, Spain. [Duran Zuazo, Victor Hugo; Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, Carmen Rocio; Flanagan, Dennis C.] USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zuazo, VHD (reprint author), IFAPA Ctr Camino Purchil, Apdo 2027, Granada 18080, Spain. EM victorh.duran@juntadeandalucia.es NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-097-3 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG TECH PY 2009 BP 27 EP 48 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BKX71 UT WOS:000269535000002 ER PT B AU Kroger, R Holland, MM Moore, MT Cooper, CM AF Kroeger, Robert Holland, Marjorie M. Moore, Matt T. Cooper, Charlie M. BE Hudspeth, CA Reeve, TE TI SEASONAL PATTERNS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS LOSSES IN AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE DITCHES IN NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI SO AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, COASTAL ENGINEERING AND FLOODING SE Environmental Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE RUNOFF; WATER-QUALITY; FERTILIZER; RELEASE; NITRATE; SOILS; RIVER AB Non point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus are transported via agricultural drainage ditches to receiving waters and result in eutrophication and downstream ecosystem degradation. Seasonal precipitation patterns, and land use contribute to variable concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from the landscape. This study investigated the differences in total inorganic-phosphate (TIP) and dissolved inorganic-nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in drainage ditches as a function of hydrology (stormflow vs. baseflow), land use (farmed vs. CRP vs. control) and season (growing vs. dormant). TIP and DIN ditch concentrations typically decreased from farms > CRP > control over both seasons. DIN concentrations were highest in baseflows during the growing season; however, mean DIN concentrations in baseflow were not significantly higher in the growing season than in the dormant season. Mean TIP concentrations and particulate phosphorus ratios increased in the dormant season with increased precipitation volumes and storm events. TIP concentrations were highest in growing season stormflows following fertilizer applications. A change in land use from agriculture to CRP decreases associated TIP and DIN in runoff and baseflow concentrations but residual phosphorus is still present in stormflows 10 yrs post the discontinuation of farming activity. This research highlights the episodic nature of nutrient contamination driven by land use, anthropogenic fertilization, and the temporal variability of storm events. C1 [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Holland, Marjorie M.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Moore, Matt T.; Cooper, Charlie M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-097-3 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG TECH PY 2009 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BKX71 UT WOS:000269535000011 ER PT J AU Cho, J Barone, VA Mostaghimi, S AF Cho, J. Barone, V. A. Mostaghimi, S. TI Simulation of land use impacts on groundwater levels and streamflow in a Virginia watershed SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Surface water; Groundwater; Interactions; Hydrology; Modeling; Land use planning; Urbanization; Watershed management; MODFLOW; HSPF; Upper Roanoke River Watershed; Back Creek watershed ID SURFACE-WATER; KANSAS; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; SCALE; BASIN; FLOW AB Increase in withdrawal and decrease in recharge of groundwater due to urbanization influences subsurface flow regimes. The overall objective of this study was to determine the impact of land development activities on the subsurface flow regime in the Upper Roanoke River Watershed (URRW). A regional groundwater model of the URRW was constructed using Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW) and calibrated for steady-state conditions. Then, eight land use management scenarios were simulated on the Back Creek (BC) subwatershed to assess the impacts of residential density, residential location, and land-cover on hydraulic head of groundwater and streamflow. The average recharge output from the Hydrological Simulation Program, FORTRAN (HSPF) simulation was used as the direct input to MODFLOW to take changes in land use into account in the BC watershed. Development of agriculture and forest areas with low-population density on larger area (low-density scenario), near the middle of the watershed (mid-section scenario), and with changes all open space to lawn (lawn scenario) had greatest overall impact on the BC watershed for both hydraulic head and streamflow among density, location, and land-cover scenarios, respectively. The simulated scenarios indicated that decreases in both hydraulic head and streamflow coincided with the increases in impervious land. The reductions in hydraulic head and streamflow were restricted to the subwatershed where land use changes occurred. The urbanization impacts on both surface and subsurface regimes were very local with 20.8 cm of maximum difference in local hydraulic head and 0.532% of maximum percent difference in local streamflow at lawn scenario while average corresponding values through BC watershed was 4.3 cm and 0.153%, respectively. Use of a fully distributed surface model in a dynamic manner was recommended to solve the inconsistencies in the spatial and temporal scale of surface and groundwater models. However, the proposed approach can be used as a management and planning tool for evaluating the local and overall impacts of land use management on the surface and subsurface flow regimes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cho, J.] ARS, USDA, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Cho, J.; Barone, V. A.; Mostaghimi, S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SEWRL, 2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM jcho@vt.edu; vbarone@180s.com; smostagh@vt.edu NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.07.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 390ZW UT WOS:000262203200001 ER PT J AU DeTar, WR AF DeTar, W. R. TI Crop coefficients and water use for cowpea in the San Joaquin Valley of California SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cowpea; Black-eyed peas; Crop coefficients; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Subsurface drip irrigation; Crop water use ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LEAF-SENESCENCE; SOIL; YIELD AB To improve irrigation planning and management, a modified soil water balance method was used to determine the crop coefficients and water use for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in an area with a semi-arid climate. A sandy 0.8-ha field was irrigated with a subsurface drip irrigation system, and the soil moisture was closely monitored for two full seasons. The procedure used was one developed for cotton by DeTar [DeTar, W.R., 2004. Using a subsurface drip irrigation system to measure crop water use. Irrig. Sci. 23, 111-122]. Using a test and validate procedure, we first developed a double sigmoidal model to fit the data from the first season, and then we determined how well the data from the second season fit this model. One of the results of this procedure was that during the early part of the season, the crop coefficients were more closely related to days-after-planting (DAP) than to growing-degree-days (GDDs). For the full season, there was little difference in correlations for the various models using DAP and GDD. When the data from the two seasons were merged, the average value for the crop coefficient during the mid-season plateau was 0.986 for the coefficient used with pan evaporation, and it was 1.211 for the coefficient used with a modified Penman equation for ET(0) from the California Irrigation Management and Information System (CIMIS). For the Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation, the coefficient was 1.223. These coefficients are about 11% higher than for cotton in the same field with the same irrigation system. A model was developed for the merged data, and when it was combined with the normal weather data for this area, it was possible to predict normal water use on a weekly, monthly and seasonal basis. The normal seasonal water use for cowpea in this area was 669 mm. One of the main findings was that the water use by the cowpea was more closely correlated with pan evaporation than it was with the reference ET from CIMIS or P-M. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res, USDA, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP DeTar, WR (reprint author), ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res, USDA, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM bill.detar@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.06.011 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 390ZW UT WOS:000262203200006 ER PT J AU Kang, S Evett, SR Robinson, CA Stewart, BA Payne, WA AF Kang, Shujiang Evett, Steven R. Robinson, Clay A. Stewart, Bobby A. Payne, William A. TI Simulation of winter wheat evapotranspiration in Texas and Henan using three models of differing complexity SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter DE Evapotranspiration; Crop model; Winter wheat ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CERES-WHEAT; CROP; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; EVAPORATION; AFRCWHEAT2; SORGHUM; SWHEAT; YIELD AB Crop evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of simulation models with many practical applications related to the efficient management of crop water supply. The algorithms used by models to calculate ET are of various complexity and robustness, and often have to be modified for particular environments. We chose three crop models with different ET calculation strategies: CROPWAT with simple data inputs and no calibrations, MODWht for intensive inputs and limited calibrations, and CERES-Wheat with intensive inputs and more calibrations for parameters. The three crop models were used to calculate ET of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at two experimental sites of China and US during multiple growing seasons in which ET was measured using lysimeter or soil water balance techniques. None of the models calculated daily ET well at either Bushland or Zhengzhou as indicated by high mean absolute differences (MAD > 1.1 mm) and root mean squared errors (RMSE > 2.0 mm). The three models tended to overestimate daily ET when measured ET was small, and to underestimate daily ET when measured ET was large. The fitted values of daily crop coefficients (K.), calculated from daily ET and reference ET (ETo), were very similar to those of Allen et al. (1998) [Allen, R.G., Pereira, S.L., Raes, D., Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrigation and drainage paper 56, Rome] although some K-c were overestimated (>= 1.0). Leaf area index (LAI) was poorly calculated by MODWht and CERES-Wheat, especially when using the Priestley-Taylor method to estimate potential ET (PET). Poor overall ET calculation of three models was associated with poorly estimated values of PET or ETo, K-c and LAI as well as their interactions. Therefore, this suggested that considerable revisions and calibrations of ET algorithms of the three models are needed for the improvement of ET calculation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kang, Shujiang] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Evett, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Robinson, Clay A.; Stewart, Bobby A.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dryland Agr Inst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Payne, William A.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Kang, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, CB 7620,2409 Williams Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM shujiang_kang@ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.07.006 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 390ZW UT WOS:000262203200018 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, A. J. Stuedemann, J. A. TI Soil-profile organic carbon and total nitrogen during 12 years of pasture management in the Southern Piedmont USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Broiler litter; Cattle grazing; Pasture; Soil organic carbon; Total nitrogen ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; SEQUESTRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; SWITCHGRASS; TILLAGE; RESIDUE; BIOMASS; IMPACT; LAND AB Soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) sequestration estimates are needed to improve our understanding of management influences on soil fertility and terrestrial C cycling related to greenhouse gas emission. We evaluated the factorial combination of nutrient source (inorganic, mixed inorganic and organic, and organic as broiler litter) and forage utilization (unharvested, low and high cattle grazing pressure, and hayed monthly) on soil-profile distribution (0-150 cm) of SOC and TSN during 12 years of pasture management on a Typic Kanhapludult (Acrisol) in Georgia, USA. Nutrient source rarely affected SOC and TSN in the soil profile, despite addition of 73.6 Mg ha(-1) (dry weight) of broiler litter during 12 years of treatment. At the end of 12 years, contents of SOC and TSN at a depth of 0-90 cm under haying were only 82 +/- 5% (mean +/- S.D. among treatments) of those under grazed management. Within grazed pastures, contents of SOC and TSN at a depth of 0-90 con were greatest within 5 on of shade and water sources and only 83 +/- 7% of maximum at a distance of 30 m and 92 +/- 14% of maximum at a distance of 80 m, suggesting a zone of enrichment within pastures due to animal behavior. During 12 years, the annual rate of change in SOC (0-90 cm) followed the order: low grazing pressure (1.17 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) > unharvested (0.64 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) = high grazing pressure (0.51 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) > bayed (-0.22 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)). This study demonstrated that surface accumulation of SOC and TSN occurred, but that increased variability and loss of SOC with depth reduced the significance of surface effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Franzluebbers, A. J.; Stuedemann, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the GRACEnet project. We appreciate the technical expertise of Steven Knapp, David Lovell, Robert Martin, Heather Hart, Devin Berry, Kim Lyness, Anthony Dillard, Dwight Seman, Fred Hale, and Robert Sheats. We appreciate the assistance of Drs. Rus Bruce and Stan Wilkinson in helping to initiate the study. NR 31 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.013 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387PM UT WOS:000261964100004 ER PT J AU Shillito, RM Timlin, DJ Fleisher, D Reddy, VR Quebedeaux, B AF Shillito, Rose M. Timlin, Dennis J. Fleisher, David Reddy, V. R. Quebedeaux, Bruno TI Yield response of potato to spatially patterned nitrogen application SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Leaching; Mixed model; Weather; Spatial variability ID FIELD-SCALE VARIABILITY; CORN YIELD; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SOIL NITRATE; WATER; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; DESIGN; PLANT; CROP AB Although crop response to nitrogen fertilization has long been studied, classical experimental designs have led to inadequate accounting of spatial variability in field properties and yield response. Analytical methods to explicitly account for spatial variability now exist but the complementary modification of experimental design is still developing. There is a need to combine these analytical methods with non-traditional experimental design. A 2-year study was implemented to assess the response of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kennebec) yield to nitrogen fertilizer rate. We used a transect-type plot design where four nitrogen treatments (0, 56, 112, and 280 kg N ha(-1)) were applied systematically in a continuous sinusoidal pattern along longitudinal transects. Measured field properties included topography, soil texture, pre-application soil nitrate levels, and plant available soil water content. A random field linear model was used to simultaneously account for treatment effects and soil properties. The results showed that treatment effects were significantly different from each other; however, if spatially correlated errors were accounted for, these differences were smaller and significance levels lower. Nitrogen response functions varied widely throughout the field. Of the covariates, only clay content proved important in explaining spatial differences in response to N. The sinusoidal response pattern of N was similar over the 2 years but the amplitudes varied due to differences in weather. Interactions between uncharacteristically high rainfall and a sandy field soil may have minimized discernable effects of the other covariates. The results demonstrated how the statistical analysis of potato response to a patterned application of nitrogen fertilizer can take advantage of spatial correlations to understand the response of potato to nitrogen application over larger areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Timlin, Dennis J.; Fleisher, David; Reddy, V. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shillito, Rose M.; Quebedeaux, Bruno] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 001,Room 324,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dennis.timlin@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.07.010 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387PM UT WOS:000261964100014 ER PT J AU Chen, WP Li, LQ Chang, AC Wu, LS Chaney, RL Smith, R Ajwa, H AF Chen, Weiping Li, Lianqing Chang, Andrew C. Wu, Laosheng Chaney, Rufus L. Smith, Richard Ajwa, Husein TI Characterizing the solid-solution partitioning coefficient and plant uptake factor of As, Cd, and Pb in California croplands SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; Probabilistic distribution; Trace element; Plant uptake ID FIELD-GROWN LETTUCE; CADMIUM UPTAKE; SOILS; FERTILIZERS; RISKS; PH; AVAILABILITY; EXPOSURE; METALS; BARLEY AB In risk assessment models, solid-solution partition coefficient, K(d), and plant uptake factor, PUF, are often employed to depict the fate and transport of trace elements in soils. The trustworthiness of risk assessments depends on the reliability of the parameters used. In this study, we examined K(d) and PUF for As, Cd and Pb based on soils and plant tissues obtained from 70 crop production fields in California. We also examined the California portion of a nationwide survey of trace elements in cropland soils conducted by the Soil Survey, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Results showed that the K(d) and PUF for cropland soils are probabilistic in nature and follow log-normal distributions. The trace element concentration of the soil solution did not appear to be a more appropriate estimator of PUF than the total soil element content. The K(d) used in the CDFA (California Department of Food and Agriculture) study had a much wider range than that could occur in California croplands while the PUF used in the CDFA risk assessment was comparable to patterns observed in the field measurements. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Weiping; Chang, Andrew C.; Wu, Laosheng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Chen, Weiping] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Li, Lianqing] Nanjing Agr Univ, Inst Resources Ecosyst & Environm Agr, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Smith, Richard] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Monterey Cty, CA USA. [Ajwa, Husein] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM chenweip@yahoo.com.cn FU Fertilizer Research and Education Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture FX We note the contributions of G.R. Holmgren and M.W. Meyer who collected and analyzed the samples of the USDA, Soil Survey study on trace elements in soils and plants and prepared the original technical article, Holmgren et al. (1993). Financial support of Fertilizer Research and Education Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture is gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.001 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387PM UT WOS:000261964100027 ER PT J AU Barbarick, KA Ippolito, JA AF Barbarick, K. A. Ippolito, J. A. TI Continuous biosolids application affects grain elemental concentrations in a dryland-wheat agroecosystem SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Paraboloid regression; Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; Winter-wheat summer fallow; Argiustoll ID POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS; SOILS AB Continuous land application of biosolids in a beneficial-use program changes trace-element availability to plants over time. Consequently, what regression model, if any, could best predict wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain concentrations in a biosolids-amended dryland agroecosystem? We calculated paraboloid, linear, quadratic, and exponential-rise-to-a maximum equations for grain Ba, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, and Zn concentration versus number of biosolids applications and/or soil NH(4)HCO(3)(-)-dithethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) extract concentrations for two sites that had each received six applications of Littleton/Englewood, CO, USA Wastewater Treatment Facility biosolids. The paraboloid-regression models were superior (higher R(2) values, lower S.E. of the estimate) to other models. Soils classified the same as the Weld soil (used in this study) at the family level (fine, smectitic, mesicAridicArgiustolls) encompass 25 soil series in 10 US states with an aerial extent of 2.3 x 10(6) ha. The paraboloid-regression model approach probably would be applicable to these similarly classified soils. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] NWISRL, ARS, USDA, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Barbarick, KA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 200 W Lake St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ken.barbarick@colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 FU Littleton/Englewood Wastewater Treatment Plant; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [15-2924] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Littleton/Englewood Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (project number 15-2924). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 340 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.005 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387PM UT WOS:000261964100042 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Dosskey, MG Burkart, MR James, DE Helmers, MJ Eisenhauer, DE AF Tomer, Mark D. Dosskey, Michael G. Burkart, Michael R. James, David E. Helmers, Matthew J. Eisenhauer, Dean E. TI Methods to prioritize placement of riparian buffers for improved water quality SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article CT 9th North American Agroforestry Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Rochester, MN DE Conservation planning; Conservation practices; Non-point pollution; Soil survey; Terrain analyses ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SOIL SURVEYS; NITRATE; GROUNDWATER; AREAS; TREES; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT; DESIGN AB Agroforestry buffers in riparian zones can improve stream water quality, provided they intercept and remove contaminants from surface runoff and/or shallow groundwater. Soils, topography, surficial geology, and hydrology determine the capability of forest buffers to intercept and treat these flows. This paper describes two landscape analysis techniques for identifying and mapping locations where agroforestry buffers can effectively improve water quality. One technique employs soil survey information to rank soil map units for how effectively a buffer, when sited on them, would trap sediment from adjacent cropped fields. Results allow soil map units to be compared for relative effectiveness of buffers for improving water quality and, thereby, to prioritize locations for buffer establishment. A second technique uses topographic and streamflow information to help identify locations where buffers are most likely to intercept water moving towards streams. For example, the topographic wetness index, an indicator of potential soil saturation on given terrain, identifies where buffers can readily intercept surface runoff and/or shallow groundwater flows. Maps based on this index can be useful for site-specific buffer placement at farm and small-watershed scales. A case study utilizing this technique shows that riparian forests likely have the greatest potential to improve water quality along first-order streams, rather than larger streams. The two methods are complementary and could be combined, pending the outcome of future research. Both approaches also use data that are publicly available in the US. The information can guide projects and programs at scales ranging from farm-scale planning to regional policy implementation. C1 [Tomer, Mark D.; Burkart, Michael R.; James, David E.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dosskey, Michael G.] USDA FS, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Helmers, Matthew J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Eisenhauer, Dean E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.tomer@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9134-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 387YG UT WOS:000261986900003 ER PT J AU Schoeneberger, MM AF Schoeneberger, M. M. TI Agroforestry: working trees for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article CT 9th North American Agroforestry Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Rochester, MN DE Biomass equations; Carbon credits; Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gas mitigation; Woody biomass ID SOIL CARBON; ROOT BIOMASS; BENEFITS; PLANTATIONS; WINDBREAKS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; FORESTS; FIELD AB Agroforestry is an appealing option for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands because it can sequester significant amounts of carbon while leaving the bulk of the land in agricultural production. Simultaneously, it can help landowners and society address many other issues facing these lands, such as economic diversification, biodiversity, and water quality. Nonetheless, agroforestry remains under-recognized as a greenhouse gas mitigation option for agriculture in the US. Reasons for this include the limited information-base and number of tools agroforestry can currently offer as compared to that produced from the decades-worth of investment in agriculture and forestry, and agroforestry's cross-cutting nature that puts it at the interface of agriculture and forestry where it is not strongly supported or promoted by either. Agroforestry research is beginning to establish the scientific foundation required for building carbon accounting and modeling tools, but more progress is needed before it is readily accepted within agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation programs and, further, incorporated into the broader scope of sustainable agricultural management. Agroforestry needs to become part of the agricultural tool box and not viewed as something separate from it. Government policies and programs driving research direction and investment are being formulated with or without data in order to meet pressing needs. Enhanced communication of agroforestry's carbon co-benefit, as well as the other benefits afforded by these plantings, will help elevate agroforestry awareness within these discussions. This will be especially crucial in deliberations on such broad sweeping natural resource programs as the US Farm Bill. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, So Res Stn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schoeneberger, MM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, So Res Stn, East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mschoeneberger@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9123-8 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 387YG UT WOS:000261986900004 ER PT J AU Moser, WK Leatherberry, EC Hansen, MH Butler, BJ AF Moser, W. Keith Leatherberry, Earl C. Hansen, Mark H. Butler, Brett J. TI Farmers' objectives toward their woodlands in the upper Midwest of the United States: implications for woodland volumes and diversity SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article CT 9th North American Agroforestry Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Rochester, MN DE Farm; Forest inventory; Landowner survey; United States; Woodlands AB This paper reports the results of a study that explores the relationship between farm woodland owners' stated intentions for owning woodland, and the structure and composition of these woodlands in the states of Illinois, Indiana and Iowa in the upper Midwest of the United States. Data from two sample-based inventories conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program were combined for this analysis-the FIA forest resources inventory and the National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS). We looked for relationships between product value and investment in woodlands, as reflected in volumes and tree quality. We also examined whether measures of diversity reflected specific management focus. Our results partially supported our hypotheses. Woodland-focused ownership reasons were found to have larger volumes and individual tree sizes. We found that a passive woodland ownership reason-that woods were "part of the farm"aEuro"generally had lower volumes per hectare. Although we were not able to differentiate between different forest product classes and measures of volume, we did find that those landowners who harvested veneer had more volume than those who harvested for firewood. Woodland owners who salvage-harvested their woodlands-a harvesting reason that is more reactive than proactive-exhibited lower volumes per hectare than those who harvested for more proactive, product-focused reasons. Biodiversity was also found to be related to the ownership focus and harvest intent. Generally, there was lower diversity in overstory species when the woodland was viewed merely as "part of the farm," when the product harvested was fence posts and when timber was harvested for salvage or land clearing. The small sample size limits our analysis, but we can conclude that focusing the woodland owners on management of their woodlands-regardless of what the specific management goals might be-should increase productivity and biodiversity of those woodlands. C1 [Moser, W. Keith; Leatherberry, Earl C.; Hansen, Mark H.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Moser, WK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wkmoser@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9124-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 387YG UT WOS:000261986900006 ER PT J AU Perry, CH Woodall, CW Liknes, GC Schoeneberger, MM AF Perry, C. H. Woodall, C. W. Liknes, G. C. Schoeneberger, M. M. TI Filling the gap: improving estimates of working tree resources in agricultural landscapes SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article CT 9th North American Agroforestry Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Rochester, MN DE Inventory; Land use; Monitoring; Natural resources; Policy AB Agroforestry plantings and other trees intentionally established in rural and urban areas are emerging as innovative management options for addressing resource issues and achieving landscape-level goals. An understanding of the ecosystem services contributed by these and future plantings would provide critical information to policy and program developers, and a comprehensive inventory would contribute to estimating the cumulative effects of these plantings. Trees used in these practices are not explicitly inventoried by the primary national forest resource inventory of the United States: the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service. The FIA program currently limits its inventories to trees in forests meeting specific size and density criteria, but the draft FIA Strategic Plan suggests the addition of an "other treed land inventory" (excluding urban forests). In this study, we use FIA data to estimate the agroforestry and other tree resources of the Midwest and document some obstacles to effective inventories of agroforestry practices. We compare our estimates of forestland area in the Midwest to those derived from MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Vegetative Continuous Fields (VCF). The differences between these two estimates, particularly in sparsely forested states, support the idea that the expansion of the FIA program to an all-tree inventory would fill an important gap. We propose minor modifications to the inventory that would lead to an improved assessment of agroforestry and other tree resources and practices. C1 [Perry, C. H.; Woodall, C. W.; Liknes, G. C.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Schoeneberger, M. M.] USDA Forest Serv, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Perry, CH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM charleshperry@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9125-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 387YG UT WOS:000261986900010 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC AF Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Recycling biosolids and lake-dredged materials to pasture-based animal agriculture: alternative nutrient sources for forage productivity and sustainability. A review SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE sewage sludge; carry-over effect; bahiagrass; forage productivity; ecological implication; domestic wastewater; beef cattle; subtropical pastures; lake-dredged materials; forage-based pasture; agriculture; environment; biosolids; dredging ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE APPLICATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; SOIL QUALITY; NITROGEN; ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA; PANASOFFKEE; EFFICACY; LAND AB Domestic sewage sludge or biosolids and lake-dredged materials are examples of materials that can be used to cut fertilizer costs in pasture-based animal agriculture. Sustainable biosolids and lake-dredged materials management is based upon controlling and influencing the quantity, quality and characteristics of these materials in such a way that negative impacts to the environment are avoided and beneficial uses are optimized. This article examines the following two key questions. Is the use of these materials in an agricultural setting harmless and sensible? Is the use of biosolids secure in all climates, in all soils and is it sustainable over the long term? Recycling biosolids and lake-dredged materials to pasture-based animal production is quite productive as alternative nutrient sources for forage production. Perennial grass can be a good choice for repeated applications of biosolids and lake-dredged materials. Although biosolids and lake-dredged materials supply some essential plant nutrients and provide soil property-enhancing organic matter, land-application programs still generate some concerns because of possible health and environmental risks involved. Repeated applications of biosolids and lake-dredged materials indicate no harmful effects on soil quality and forage quality. Beneficial uses of biosolids and lake-dredged materials are both economical and environmental. The concentrations of soil nitrogen and phosphorus following repeated application of biosolids were far below the contamination risk in the environment. The residual effect of biosolids over the long term can be especially significant in many forage-based pastures where only 50% of the million hectares of pastures are given inorganic nitrogen yearly. Long-term studies have demonstrated the favorable and beneficial effects of added lake-dredged materials on the early establishment of bahiagrass in sandy pasture fields. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners. Lake-dredged materials can be used as soil amendments (lime and fertilizer) for early establishment of bahiagrass in beef cattle pastures. Bahiagrass in plots that were treated with biosolids and lake-dredge materials had significantly higher forage yield and crude protein content when compared with those bahiagrass in the control plots or untreated plants. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 32 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 143 EP 160 DI 10.1051/agro:2008037 PG 18 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 385WG UT WOS:000261843700012 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Wagger, MG Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Wagger, M. G. Fisher, D. S. TI Animal and Pasture Productivity of 'Coastal' and 'Tifton 44' Bermudagrass at Three Nitrogen Rates and Associated Soil Nitrogen Status SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWING BEEF STEERS; CLIPPING FREQUENCY; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; TALL FESCUE; YIELD; FERTILIZATION; FORAGE; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; GRASSES AB 'Coastal' and 'Tifton 44' (T44) Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.] are well adapted across the lower southern United States, but the grazing response of (T44) to N application in the Piedmont of the upper South warrants further evaluation. This 3-yr experiment compared animal and pasture productivity of Coastal and T44 with three annual N rates of 101, 202, and 303 kg of N ha(-1) on a Cecil clay loam (fine, kaolinitic thermic Typic Kanhapludult) soil typical of the Piedmont. Herbage mass differed for Coastal and T44 (3.5 and 3.0 Mg ha(-1) respectively, P < 0.01), but not among N rates. The canopy of T44 was leafier (20.6 vs. 14.5% of dry matter) than Coastal and greater for in vitro true organic matter disappearance (IVTOD) (522 vs. 498 g kg(-1)) and CP (107 vs. 84 g kg(-1)) and lesser in NDF (596 vs. 605 g kg(-1)). The diet selected from T44 was greater in IVTOD (764 vs. 743 g kg(-1)) and lesser in NDF (596 vs. 605 g kg(-1)) giving greater steer average daily gain (0.63 kg vs. 0.57 kg; P < 0.01) which increased (P = 0.05) with N rate. Weight gain ha(-1) (884 kg) and effective feed units (EFU) (4735 kg ha 1) were similar, and N rate linearly increased gain from 723 to 1073 kg ha(-1) and EFU from 3978 to 5523 kg ha(-1). Soil inorganic N was similar between cultivars but differed among soil depths. Tihon 44 pasture was greater in nutritive value, hence steer performance, and as productive as Coastal in the Piedmont. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wagger, M. G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] N Carolina ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0006x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100005 ER PT J AU Boyd, NS Brennan, EB Smith, RF Yokota, R AF Boyd, Nathan S. Brennan, Eric B. Smith, Richard F. Yokota, Ron TI Effect of Seeding Rate and Planting Arrangement on Rye Cover Crop and Weed Growth SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; WINTER-WHEAT; SPATIAL UNIFORMITY; SPRING WHEAT; SUPPRESSION; DENSITY; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Weed growth in winter cover crops in warm climates may contribute to weed management costs in subsequent crops. A 2-yr experiment was conducted on an organic vegetable farm in Salinas, California, to determine the impact of seeding rate and planting arrangement on rye (Secale cereale L. 'Merced') cover crop growth and weed suppression. Each year, rye was planted in October at three rates (90, 180, and 270 kg ha 1) and two planting arrangements (one-way versus grid pattern). Averaged across years, rye population densities were 322, 572, and 857 plants m(-2) at the 90, 180, and 270 kg ha(-1) seeding rates, respectively. Early season rye ground cover increased with seeding rate and was higher in the grid than one-way arrangement in Year 1; however, rye ground cover was not affected by rate and was higher in the one-way arrangement in Year 2. Aboveground dry matter (DM) of rye increased with seeding rate at the first two harvests but not at the final one. Planting arrangement did not affect rye aboveground DM in Year 1, but rye DM was higher in the grid pattern at the first and final harvests in Year 2. Weed emergence was not affected by seeding rate or planting arrangement. Weed biomass decreased with increased seeding rate and was also lower in the grid than in the one-way arrangement in Year 2. A grid planting pattern provided no consistent benefit but planting rye at higher seeding rates maximizes early season rye DM production and minimizes weed growth. C1 [Brennan, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Boyd, Nathan S.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Smith, Richard F.] Univ Calif, Salinas, CA USA. [Yokota, Ron] Tanimura & Antle, Salinas, CA USA. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM eric.brennan@ars.usda.gov FU Organic Farming Research Foundation FX This research was supported partially by a grant from the Organic Farming Research Foundation. The authors would like to thank the farming crew of Tanimura & Antle for their technical assistance. We also thank Bruce Mackey for assistance with statistical analysis and Susanne Klose and Richard Rosecrance for improving this manuscript. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0059 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100007 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Van Pelt, S Gitz, DC Payton, P Lascano, RJ McMichael, B AF Baker, Jeffrey T. Van Pelt, Scott Gitz, Dennis C. Payton, Paxton Lascano, Robert Joseph McMichael, Bobbie TI Canopy Gas Exchange Measurements of Cotton in an Open System SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; PORTABLE CHAMBER; CO2 EXCHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; C-3 PLANTS; H2O FLUXES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DROUGHT; RICE AB A portable, open transparent chamber system for measuring canopy gas exchanges was developed and tested. Differentials between incoming and outgoing atmospheric H(2)O and CO(2) concentrations were used to calculate canopy transpiration (E) and net assimilation (A) at 10-s intervals using solenoid valve actuated sample lines connected to an infrared gas analyzer. A programmable data logger controlled fan speed and air flow rate to control daytime chamber air temperature to within 0.5 C of ambient air temperature. To validate the mass balance equations used to calculate E, the chamber was positioned over sealed soil potted cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants which were placed on a weighing scale. A second scale was used to measure E of cotton plants outside the chamber to quantify potential chamber effects. A wide range of crop canopy leaf areas and soil water contents were created with greenhouse-grown plants for these comparisons. Data analysis indicated agreement between chamber E measurements and the internal weighing scale (R(2) = 0.93), as well as comparison between the internal and external scales (R(2) = 0.88) across wide ranges of soil water contents and canopy leaf area. Transpiration ranged from near zero at night to 900 g (H(2)O) h(-1) during the day. Bias estimates of E for chamber vs. internal scale and the internal vs. external scale were -6.0 and 4.6 g (H(2)O) h(-1). With minor chamber effect, the chamber accurately estimates E for many field applications such as comparison of canopy gas exchanges and water use efficiencies among irrigation treatments. C1 [Baker, Jeffrey T.; Van Pelt, Scott] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Gitz, Dennis C.; Payton, Paxton; Lascano, Robert Joseph; McMichael, Bobbie] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 302 W 1-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM Jeff.Baker@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0007x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100008 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA AF Bruns, H. Arnold TI A Survey of Factors Involved in Crop Maturity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID PLANTING DATE; SOYBEAN DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-STAGES; DECIMAL CODE; COTTON; CORN; USA; INDETERMINATE; DETERMINATE; TEMPERATURE AB The time necessary for crops to successfully complete reproduction is species and environment dependent. Lifecycles can be completed in a few weeks or take several years depending on the plant species. Crop development is divided into phenophases that are affected primarily by light and temperature changes, interacting with phytohormones. Some species are influenced more by light and others by temperature. This review focuses on factors that influence maturation in several important agronomic crops. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM arnold.bruns@ars.usda.gov NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0271R PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100009 ER PT J AU Hodgen, PJ Ferguson, RB Shanahan, JF Schepers, JS AF Hodgen, P. J. Ferguson, R. B. Shanahan, J. F. Schepers, J. S. TI Uptake of Point Source Depleted N-15 Fertilizer by Neighboring Corn Plants SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; INTRA-SPECIFIC COMPETITION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; LABELED NITROGEN; EAR DEVELOPMENT; TILLAGE CORN; ROOT-GROWTH; PLOT SIZE; MAIZE; SOIL AB Ground-based active (self-illuminating) sensors make it possible to collect canopy data that are useful for making on-the-go N fertilizer,application decisions. These technologies raise questions about plant-to-plant competition for targeted fertilizer N applications. This study evaluated the extent to which fertilizer N applied to an individual corn (Zea mays L.) plant might be intercepted by adjacent plants in the row. Depleted N-15 ammonium-nitrate was injected under the center maize plant while the four neighboring plants on each side in the row received the same rate as natural abundance ammonium-nitrate fertilizer. Aboveground biomass was collected 10 (at V12) and 7 (at R1) d after each fertilizer application. Plants were separated into three components at each sampling date. The uptake pattern of depleted N-15 indicated an individual maize plant acquires most of its in-season N from an area within a similar to 40-cm radius. Adjacent plants similar to 18-cm away from the tagged-N source contained 32 to 40% of the total depleted N-15 that was taken up by all nine plants in the sequence. Maize plants similar to 36 cm from the point source only acquired 5 to 13% of the depleted N-15 source that was taken up by all nine plants. It is presently impractical to position in-season by-plant N applications beneath plants as done in this study. Surface applications of liquid N near target plants is presently possible, but the relative effectiveness would likely be less than for injection of the fertilizer beneath each plant. C1 [Shanahan, J. F.; Schepers, J. S.] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hodgen, P. J.] Monsanto Co, Monmouth Agronomy Ctr, Monmouth, IL 61462 USA. [Ferguson, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jim.schepers@ars.usda.gov OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0186 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100014 ER PT J AU Roberts, DF Adamchuk, VI Shanahan, JF Ferguson, RB Schepers, JS AF Roberts, Darrin F. Adamchuk, Viacheslav I. Shanahan, John F. Ferguson, Richard B. Schepers, James S. TI Optimization of Crop Canopy Sensor Placement for Measuring Nitrogen Status in Corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; MANAGEMENT; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM AB Active canopy sensors can be used to assess corn (Zea mays L.) N status and direct spatially-variable in-season N application. The goal of this study was to determine optimal sensor spacing for controlling whole- and/or split-boom N application scenarios for a hypothetical 24-row applicator. Sensor readings were collected from 24 consecutive rows at eight cornfields during vegetative growth in 2007 and 2008, and readings were converted to chlorophyll index (CI) values. A base map of measured CI values was created using square pixels equal to row spacing for each site (0.91 or 0.76 m in size). Sensor placement and boom section scenarios were evaluated using MSE (mean squared error) of calculated CI maps vs. the base CI map. Scenarios ranged from one sensor, one variable-rate to 24 sensors, 24 variable-rates for the hypothetical 24-row applicator. The greatest reduction in MSE from the one variable-rate scenario was obtained with 2 to 3 sensors estimating average CI for the entire boom width, unless each row was individually sensed. In every field, more accurate prediction of CI was obtained by averaging sensor readings across the entire 24 rows rather than predicting CI for more than two consecutive rows using only one sensor in each section. Because of the nature of spatial variability in CI, some fields may benefit from an increased number of sensors and/or boom sections equipped with 2 to 3 sensors each. C1 [Roberts, Darrin F.; Ferguson, Richard B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Adamchuk, Viacheslav I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Shanahan, John F.; Schepers, James S.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Mgmt Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Roberts, DF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM droberts2@unl.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0072x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100020 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Schwartz, RC Greene, LW MacDonald, JC AF Baumhardt, R. L. Schwartz, R. C. Greene, L. W. MacDonald, J. C. TI Cattle Gain and Crop Yield for a Dryland Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAZING WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; INFILTRATION; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Increasing pumping costs and declining well capacities in the U.S. Southern High Plains have led to greater reliance on less productive and inherently riskier dryland cropping systems. Dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are typically grown in a 3-yr wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation that may be intensified by integrating cattle (Bos taurus) grazing. Suitability of grazing dryland crops in the WSF rotation has not been evaluated. Our objectives were to quantify (i) cattle gain during limited grazing of dryland wheat and sorghum stover, and (ii) grazing effects on the growth and yield of the grazed wheat and subsequent sorghum crop. We established, concurrently, all WSF rotation phases in duplicate ungrazed and grazed plots in three replicated paddocks on a gently sloping Pullman silty clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) at the USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX (35 degrees 11' N, 102 degrees 5' W). Cattle gain, fallow soil water storage, and the growth and yield of wheat and subsequent grain sorghum were compared from 2000 to 2007 within a randomized complete block. Dryland wheat was grazed an average of 31 d during 7 of 8 test years by cattle stocked at 1.7 Mg ha(-1) and produced a mean gain of 123 kg ha(-1). Wheat grain yield averaged 1.72 Mg ha(-1) without grazing and was not different from the 1.57 Mg ha(-1) grain yield with grazing. Grazing decreased wheat straw yield, but subsequent soil water storage was unaffected. Sorghum grain yields of 2.26 Mg ha(-1) in ungrazed plots were not different from grazed plots averaging 2.20 Mg ha(-1). Overall productivity of the WSF cropping system was increased using limited grazing of dryland wheat forage and sorghum stover with no significant reduction in wheat or sorghum grain yields. C1 [Baumhardt, R. L.; Schwartz, R. C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Greene, L. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [MacDonald, J. C.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, W Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM r.louis.baumhardt@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0098 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100021 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Pote, DH Belesky, DP AF Burner, D. M. Pote, D. H. Belesky, D. P. TI Effect of Loblolly Pine Root Pruning on Alley Cropped Herbage Production and Tree Growth SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEFINING COMPETITION VECTORS; TALL FESCUE HERBAGE; SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; MIDWESTERN USA; ORCHARDGRASS; INTERFACE; MEADOW; WATER AB Tillage to disrupt (prune) tree roots is an intensive practice which could improve herbage productivity at the crop-tree interface by reducing competition for water. We compared tillage effects on 9- to 11-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth and herbage yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] on a fragipan soil in Arkansas. Alley crops were rotationally grown in a 9.7-m wide alley (main plot) between bordering trees on one of three tillage treatments: control (surface tillage), rip followed by surface tillage, and trench plus root barrier followed by surface tillage. Topsoil water in May through September, herbage mass, and nutritive value were measured for each crop for 2 or 3 yr in three subplots systematically arrayed (north, middle, and south) across the alley. Diameter at breast height (DBH, measured 1.3 m above soil surface) and height of border trees were measured annually. Trenching resulted in a more uniform distribution of topsoil water among subplots compared to the other tillage treatments. Annual ryegrass yield did not show a tillage response, but pearl millet yielded more herbage in the rip (6760 kg ha(-1) in 2003) and trench (3300 kg ha(-1) in 2005) than the control treatment (4990 and 1260 kg ha(-1) for 2003 and 2005, respectively). Ripping and trenching significantly reduced loblolly pine DBH and height compared to the control. Similarly configured alley cropping practices probably have little potential for annual herbage production even with root pruning. C1 [Burner, D. M.; Pote, D. H.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Belesky, D. P.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM David.Burner@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0185 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100025 ER PT J AU Gitz, DC Baker, JT AF Gitz, Dennis C. Baker, Jeffrey T. TI Methods for Creating Stomatal Impressions Directly onto Archivable Slides SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; EPIDERMAL IMPRINTS; PIMA COTTON; DENSITY; YIELD; CONDUCTANCE; CULTIVARS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; ANGIOSPERMS AB Stomatal density has been shown to be a primary determinant of crop yield, water use efficiency, and limitation to CO(2) assimilation rate. Widely used methods of assessing stomatal density sample relatively small regions of the leaf, are labor intensive, or do not yield stable archivable samples for revisiting samples. We describe several methods of producing such epidermal impressions that yield samples large enough to generate stomatal density maps across entire leaf surfaces. C1 [Gitz, Dennis C.] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Baker, Jeffrey T.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Gitz, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM dennis.gitz@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 101 IS 1 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0143N PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 406RH UT WOS:000263312100031 ER PT S AU Fenn, ME Sickman, JO Bytnerowicz, A Clow, DW Molotch, NP Pleim, JE Tonnesen, GS Weathers, KC Padgett, PE Campbell, DH AF Fenn, M. E. Sickman, J. O. Bytnerowicz, A. Clow, D. W. Molotch, N. P. Pleim, J. E. Tonnesen, G. S. Weathers, K. C. Padgett, P. E. Campbell, D. H. BE Legge, AH TI Methods for Measuring Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Inputs in Arid and Montane Ecosystems of Western North America SO AIR QUALITY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS: RELATING SOURCES TO EFFECTS SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; WET-DEPOSITION AB Measuring atmospheric deposition in arid and snow-dominated regions presents unique challenges. Throughfall, the flux of nutrients transported in solution to the forest floor, is generally the most practical method of estimating below-canopy deposition, particularly when monitoring multiple forest sites or over multiple years. However, more studies are needed to relate throughfall fluxes to total atmospheric deposition, particularly in seasonally dry regions. In seasonally snow-covered regions, the distribution of atmospheric deposition and subsequent nitrogen (N) fluxes are highly sensitive to the temporal and spatial dynamics of snow accumulation and melt. Recent developments in passive monitoring techniques for throughfall and measurement of gaseous pollutants greatly facilitate monitoring of atmospheric deposition and ambient pollutant concentrations over broader spatial scales than was previously possible. Here we focus primarily on N fluxes as N is both a limiting nutrient and a pollutant in many terrestrial ecosystems, and because sulfur (S) deposition is not a widespread problem in the West. Methods suggested for estimating spatially distributed atmospheric deposition in arid and snow-dominated systems include simulation modeling, inferential method, throughfall collection, branch rinsing, N accumulation in surface soils of arid zones, and snowpack sampling methods. Applying more than one approach is often necessary to capture the various atmospheric deposition pathways and the spatial and temporal variability of N deposition. C1 [Fenn, M. E.; Bytnerowicz, A.; Padgett, P. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Sickman, J. O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Clow, D. W.; Campbell, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Molotch, N. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pleim, J. E.] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tonnesen, G. S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weathers, K. C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us; james.sickman@ucr.edu; abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; dwclow@usgs.gov; molotch@seas.ucla.edu; Pleim.Jon@epamail.epa.gov; tonnesen@cert.ucr.edu; weathersk@ecostudies.org; ppadgett@fs.fed.us; dhcampbe@usgs.gov RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 128 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-095202-4 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 9 BP 179 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00208-8 PG 50 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCL07 UT WOS:000310533700010 ER PT S AU Percy, KE Nosal, M Heilman, W Sober, J Dann, T Karnosky, DF AF Percy, Kevin E. Nosal, Miloslav Heilman, Warren Sober, Jaak Dann, Tom Karnosky, David F. BE Legge, AH TI Ozone Exposure-Based Growth Response Models for Trembling Aspen and White Birch SO AIR QUALITY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS: RELATING SOURCES TO EFFECTS SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; ELEVATED CO2; WATER-USE; NATURAL-SELECTION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE; AIR-POLLUTION AB We developed free-air exposure regression-based models comprising annual growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average ozone (O-3) concentration, growing degree days (GDD), and average wind speed (WS). The models include 95% confidence bands for determining uncertainty of prediction. The models are statistically significant, provide a high goodness of fit, and can be used within the ambient air context. Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) clones 216, 42E, 271, and 259 responded negatively to O-3. Aspen clone 8L responded positively to growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average O-3 concentration <= 90 ppb. White birch (Betula papyrifera) responded positively to growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average O-3 concentration <80 ppb and negatively at higher concentrations. These responses conform to the toxicological response concept of hormesis. Regression analysis demonstrated that annual growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average O-3 concentration performed much better as a single O-3 exposure index for trembling aspen and white birch cross-sectional area growth than did W126, SUM06, AOT40, and maximum 1-h average O-3 concentration. Growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average O-3 concentration is most closely associated with the actual measured response in the biological endpoint. The W126 index significantly overestimated the negative growth response of aspen and birch to O-3. The growing season 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average O-3 concentration, cumulative GDD, and average WS-based model may provide an underutilized opportunity for scientifically defensible risk analysis within the North American air quality context. C1 [Percy, Kevin E.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Nosal, Miloslav] Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Heilman, Warren] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Sober, Jaak; Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Dann, Tom] Environm Canada, Environm Protect Serv, Air Tox Sect, Gloucester, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Percy, KE (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, 1350 Regent St, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM kpercy@nrcan.gc.ca; nosal@ucalgary.ca; wheilman@ec.gc.ca; asober@ut.ee; tom.dann@ec.gc.ca; Karnosky@mtu.edu NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-095202-4 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 9 BP 269 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00211-8 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCL07 UT WOS:000310533700013 ER PT S AU Molyneux, RJ Panter, KE AF Molyneux, Russell J. Panter, Kip E. BE Cordell, GA TI Alkaloids Toxic to Livestock SO ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY, VOL 67 SE Alkaloids-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; HEMLOCK CONIUM-MACULATUM; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEPATOTOXIC PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS SWAINSONINE; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM DURAND; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE INHIBITOR; LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYACINTHOIDES-NON-SCRIPTA C1 [Molyneux, Russell J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Panter, Kip E.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM russ.molyneux@ars.usda.gov NR 313 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1099-4831 BN 978-0-08-095085-3 J9 ALKALOIDS-CHEM BIOL JI Alkaloids PY 2009 VL 67 BP 143 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S1099-4831(09)06703-0 PG 74 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Toxicology GA BCQ30 UT WOS:000310995800004 PM 19827367 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE AF Hoagland, Robert E. TI Phytotoxicity of microbial antibiotics helvolic and fusidic acids SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Allelochemical(s); bioherbicide; microbial compounds; natural product; phytotoxicity; plant bioassay; weeds ID SAROCLADIUM-ORYZAE; RESISTANCE; EXTRACTION; PLANTS AB The phytotoxicity of high purity helvolic acid and a related compound, fusidic acid was assessed using multiple growth and biochemical endpoints performed on tissues of several plant species. Bioassay tests for phytotoxicity of helvolic (0.25 mM) and fusidic (0.50 mM) acids were conducted on weed and crop species including : germination/growth (seeds/seedlings) of hemp sesbania [Sesbania exalta (Raf.) Rydb], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.; leaf disk electrolyte leakage of corn (Zea mays L.) and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) leaf tissues: and greening of etiolated tissues of hemp sesbania. sicklepod, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), mung bean, and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) tissues. Fusidic acid reduced the chlorophyll accumulation in hemp sesbania (95%), wheat (70%), mung bean (60%), sorghum (60%) and sicklepod (48%); helvolic acid at this low concentration had only weak effects, except in mung bean. Neither compound affected the germination at the concentrations used, but both inhibited the seedling growth of all test species except sicklepod and helvolic acid-treated hemp sesbania. Both chemicals increased the electrolyte leakage in corn and giant ragweed leaf disks after 48-h exposure. Overall these natural products have broad-range phytotoxicity and may affect the plants directly or indirectly via antibiotic effects on soil/rhizosphere organisms. C1 ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bob.hoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 437BE UT WOS:000265459900016 ER PT S AU Asner, GP Keller, M Lentini, M Merry, F Souza, C AF Asner, Gregory P. Keller, Michael Lentini, Marco Merry, Frank Souza, Carlos, Jr. BE Keller, M Bustamante, M Gash, J Dias, PS TI Selective Logging and Its Relation to Deforestation SO AMAZONIA AND GLOBAL CHANGE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EASTERN BRAZILIAN-AMAZON; SPECTRAL MIXTURE-MODELS; TROPICAL FOREST SOILS; REDUCED-IMPACT; LOGGED FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON STORAGE; SATELLITE DATA; NITROUS-OXIDE; CANOPY DAMAGE AB Selective logging is a major contributor to the social, economic, and ecological dynamics of Brazilian Amazonia. Logging activities have expanded from low-volume floodplain harvests in past centuries to high-volume operations today that take about 25 million m(3) of wood from the forest each year. The most common high-impact conventional and often illegal logging practices result in major collateral forest damage, with cascading effects on ecosystem processes. Initial carbon losses and forest recovery rates following timber harvest are tightly linked to initial logging intensity, which drives changes in forest gap fraction, fragmentation, and the light environment. Other ecological processes affected by selective logging include nutrient cycling, hydrological function, and postharvest disturbance such as fire. This chapter synthesizes the ecological impacts of selective logging, in the context of the recent socioeconomic conditions throughout Brazilian Amazonia, as determined from field-based and remote sensing studies carried out during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia program. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Keller, Michael] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Keller, Michael] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lentini, Marco] Inst Floresta Trop, BR-66025660 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Merry, Frank] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Souza, Carlos, Jr.] Inst Homem & Meio Ambiente Amazonia, BR-66060160 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu; mkeller@neoninc.org; lentini@ift.org.br; fmerry@nova.whrc.org; souzajr@imazon.org.br; mkeller@neoninc.org RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-476-4 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 186 BP 25 EP 42 DI 10.1029/2008GM000723 D2 10.1029/GM186 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BUI24 UT WOS:000289443400003 ER PT S AU Bustamante, MMC Keller, M Silva, DA AF Bustamante, M. M. C. Keller, M. Silva, D. A. BE Keller, M Bustamante, M Gash, J Dias, PS TI Sources and Sinks of Trace Gases in Amazonia and the Cerrado SO AMAZONIA AND GLOBAL CHANGE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROGEN-OXIDE EMISSIONS; TROPICAL FOREST SOILS; TILL MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; LAND-USE CHANGE; NITRIC-OXIDE; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; METHANE EMISSIONS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; PUERTO-RICO; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS AB Data for trace gas fluxes (NOx, N2O, and CH4) from the Amazon and cerrado region are presented with focus on the processes of production and consumption of these trace gases in soils and how they may be changed because of land use changes in both regions. Fluxes are controlled by seasonality, soil moisture, soil texture, topography, and fine-root dynamics. Compared to Amazonian forests where the rapid cycling of nitrogen supports large emissions of N2O, nitrification rates and soil emissions of N oxide gases in the cerrado region are very low. Several studies report CH4 consumption during both wet and dry seasons in forest soils, but there is occasionally net production of CH4 during the wet season. A few studies suggest an unknown source of CH4 from upland forests. As with N oxide emissions, there are few data on CH4 emissions from cerrado soils, but CH4 consumption occurs during both wet and dry seasons. Clearing natural vegetation, burning, fertilization of agricultural lands, intensive cattle ranching, and increasing dominance by legume species in areas under secondary succession after land conversion have all been identified as causes of increasing N2O and NO emissions from tropical regions. Large uncertainties remain for regional estimates of trace gas fluxes. Improvement of models for the N oxides and CH4 fluxes for Amazonia and the cerrado still depends upon gathering more data from sites more widely distributed across two vast biomes and more importantly on basic theory about the controls of emissions from the ecosystem to the atmosphere. C1 [Bustamante, M. M. C.; Silva, D. A.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Asa Norte ICC Sul, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Keller, M.] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Keller, M.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Bustamante, MMC (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Asa Norte ICC Sul, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mercedes@unb.br RI Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X NR 120 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-476-4 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 186 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.1029/2008GM000733 D2 10.1029/GM186 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BUI24 UT WOS:000289443400021 ER PT J AU Thien, LB Bernhardt, P Devall, MS Chen, ZD Luo, YB Fan, JH Yuan, LC Williams, JH AF Thien, Leonard B. Bernhardt, Peter Devall, Margaret S. Chen, Zhi-Duan Luo, Yi-Bo Fan, Jian-Hua Yuan, Liang-Chen Williams, Joseph H. TI POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF BASAL ANGIOSPERMS (ANITA GRADE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE ANITA grade; basal angiosperms; Coleoptera; Diptera; floral deceit; floral thermogenesis; Hymenoptera; pollination biology ID KADSURA-LONGIPEDUNCULATA SCHISANDRACEAE; AMBORELLA-TRICHOPODA AMBORELLACEAE; ILLICIUM-FLORIDANUM ILLICIACEAE; CAMPYLOPODA CA MEY; FLORAL BIOLOGY; INSECT POLLINATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; TRANSMITTING TISSUE AB The first three branches of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree consist of eight families with -201 species of plants (the ANITA grade). The oldest flower fossil for the group is dated to the Early Cretaceous (115-125 Mya) and identified to the Nymphaeales. The flowers of extant plants in the ANITA grade are small, and pollen is the edible reward (rarely nectar or starch bodies). Unlike many gymnosperms that secrete "pollination drops," ANITA-grade members examined thus far have a dry-type stigma. Copious secretions of stigmatic fluid are restricted to the Nymphaeales, but this is not nectar. Floral odors, floral thermogenesis (a resource), and colored tepals attract insects in deceit-based pollination syndromes throughout the first three branches of the phylo-genetic tree. Self-incompatibility and an extragynoecial compitum occur in some species in the Austrobaileyales. Flies are primary pollinators in six families (10 genera). Beetles are pollinators in five families varying in importance as primary (exclusive) to secondary vectors of pollen. Bees are major pollinators only in the Nymphaeaceae. It is hypothesized that large flowers in Nymphaeaceae are the result of the interaction of heat, floral odors, and colored tepals to trap insects to increase fitness. C1 [Thien, Leonard B.] Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bernhardt, Peter] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Devall, Margaret S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Chen, Zhi-Duan; Luo, Yi-Bo; Fan, Jian-Hua; Yuan, Liang-Chen] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Williams, Joseph H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Thien, LB (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM lthien@tulane.edu RI Williams, Joseph/E-2227-2011 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411600] FX This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program no. 2007CB411600). NR 166 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 52 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 166 EP 182 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800016 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 395QF UT WOS:000262537900011 PM 21628182 ER PT J AU Domellof, M Hernell, O Abrams, SA Chen, ZS Lonnerdal, B AF Domellof, Magnus Hernell, Olle Abrams, Steven A. Chen, Zhensheng Lonnerdal, Bo TI Iron supplementation does not affect copper and zinc absorption in breastfed infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; HEALTHY INFANTS; YOUNG INFANTS; MILK; TRANSPORTER; HOMEOSTASIS; DEFICIENCY; GROWTH; CELLS; AGE AB Background: Iron supplements are commonly recommended for infants but were suggested to inhibit zinc and copper absorption. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate potential effects of iron supplementation, infant age, and mineral status on zinc and copper absorption in infants at 6 and 9 mo of age. Design: Twenty-five healthy breastfed term infants were recruited from a larger randomized iron supplementation trial. Six of these infants received iron supplements (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) from 4 to 9 mo, 8 were supplemented from 6 to 9 mo, and 11 received placebo only. Zinc and copper absorption was measured at 6 and 9 mo of age, using orally administered (70)Zn and (65)Cu and fecal monitoring of recovered stable isotopes. Results: Mean (+/- SD) zinc absorption was 51.9 +/- 17.9%, and mean copper absorption was 79.0 +/- 13.5%. No significant difference was observed in zinc or copper absorption between 6 and 9 mo of age. When combining all measurements, no significant effect of prior iron supplementation was observed on zinc or copper absorption. No significant correlation was observed between plasma zinc and zinc absorption or between plasma copper and copper absorption. No significant correlation was observed between erythrocyte copperzinc-dependent superoxide dismutase activity and copper absorption. Conclusions: The study does not support the contention that iron supplements inhibit the absorption of zinc or copper in healthy breastfed infants at 6-9 mo of age. In addition, we did not find any age-related changes in zinc or copper absorption between 6 and 9 mo of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 185-90. C1 [Domellof, Magnus; Hernell, Olle] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. [Abrams, Steven A.; Chen, Zhensheng] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lonnerdal, Bo] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Domellof, M (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. EM magnus.domellof@pediatri.umu.se RI Domellof, Magnus/E-5307-2011; OI Domellof, Magnus/0000-0002-0726-7029; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning; Varsterbotten County Council; Oskar Foundation; Jerring Foundation FX Supported by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning; the Varsterbotten County Council; the Oskar Foundation; and the Jerring Foundation. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26887 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 391VM UT WOS:000262262300025 PM 19056575 ER PT J AU Sahni, S Hannan, MT Blumberg, J Cupples, LA Kiel, DP Tucker, KL AF Sahni, Shivani Hannan, Marian T. Blumberg, Jeffrey Cupples, L. Adrienne Kiel, Douglas P. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Inverse association of carotenoid intakes with 4-y change in bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DECREASES OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; BODY-MASS INDEX; RATS IN-VIVO; BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN; FEMORAL TISSUES; FREE-RADICALS; HIP FRACTURE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RISK AB Background: In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that carotenoids may inhibit bone resorption and stimulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Few studies have examined the association between carotenoid intake ( other than beta-carotene) and bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: We evaluated associations between total and individual carotenoid intake (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein+zeaxanthin) with BMD at the hip, spine, and radial shaft and the 4-y change in BMD. Design: Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted in 334 men and 540 women ( mean +/- SD age: 75 +/- 5 y) in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Energy-adjusted carotenoid intakes were estimated from the Willett food-frequency questionnaire. Mean BMD and mean 4-y BMD changes were estimated, for men and women separately, by quartile of carotenoid intake with adjustment for age, BMI, height, physical activity index, smoking ( never compared with ever smokers), multivitamin use, season of BMD measurement ( for cross-sectional analyses on BMD only), estrogen use ( in women), and intakes of total energy, calcium, vitamin D, caffeine, and alcohol. Results: Few cross-sectional associations were observed with carotenoid intake. Associations between lycopene intake and 4-y change in lumbar spine BMD were significant for women ( P for trend =0.03), as were intakes of total carotenoids, beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein+zeaxanthin with 4-y change in trochanter BMD in men ( P for trend=0.0005, 0.02, 0.009, and 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: Carotenoids showed protective associations against 4-y loss in trochanter BMD in men and in lumbar spine in women. No significant associations were observed at other bone sites. Although not consistent across all BMD sites examined, these results support a protective role of carotenoids for BMD in older men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 416-24. C1 [Sahni, Shivani; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Antioxidants Res Lab, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Sahni, Shivani/0000-0002-9827-0986; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services [58-1950-7-707]; Framingham Osteoporosis [R01 AR/AG 41398]; Framingham [N01-HC-25195] FX Supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services agreement number 58-1950-7-707; Framingham Osteoporosis grant number R01 AR/AG 41398; and Framingham contract grant number N01-HC-25195. NR 69 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 1 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26388 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 391VM UT WOS:000262262300052 PM 19056581 ER PT J AU Muganu, M Dangl, G Aradhya, M Frediani, M Scossa, A Stover, E AF Muganu, Massimo Dangl, Gerald Aradhya, Malli Frediani, Manuela Scossa, Angela Stover, Ed TI Ampelographic and DNA Characterization of Local Grapevine Accessions of the Tuscia Area (Latium, Italy) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; germplasm; SSRs; grape quality ID MICROSATELLITE; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; MARKERS AB The presence of local vines in the Tuscia area (Latium region, Italy) was documented by historical sources. Ampelographic and molecular characterization (35 morphological descriptors and 16 microsatellite loci) was carried out on accessions belonging to the most frequently mentioned local vines. SSR markers have enabled us to distinguish cases of local synonymy and microsatellite profiles have permitted comparison with previously reported profiles indicating synonymy and divergence with vines in other collections. Ampelographic traits showed that some accessions of the same genotype differ in minor characteristics that can have a role in clonal evaluation. C1 [Muganu, Massimo; Scossa, Angela] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Prod Vegetable, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Dangl, Gerald] Univ Calif Davis, Fdn Plant Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aradhya, Malli; Stover, Ed] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Frediani, Manuela] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. RP Muganu, M (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Prod Vegetable, Via S Camillo de Lellis Snc, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. EM muganu@unitus.it NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2009 VL 60 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 422HQ UT WOS:000264418700015 ER PT J AU Riaz, S Tenscher, AC Graziani, R Krivanek, AF Ramming, DW Walker, MA AF Riaz, Summaira Tenscher, Alan C. Graziani, Rachel Krivanek, Alan F. Ramming, David W. Walker, M. Andrew TI Using Marker-Assisted Selection to Breed Pierce's Disease-Resistant Grapes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Pierce's disease; PdR1; MAS; SSR markers; Vitis arizonica ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT RESISTANCE; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; XIPHINEMA-INDEX; BERRY WEIGHT; QTL ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEEDLESSNESS; LOCUS AB Pierce's disease (PD), caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is ail important disease of grapevines in California, across the southern United States, and into South America. In regions where disease pressure is high, the Cultivation of Vitis vinifera cultivars is difficult or impossible. This study reports on the introgression of PD resistance into elite wine, table, and raisin grape genetic backgrounds and on the reliability of PCR-based marker-assisted selection (MAS) to accelerate the breeding of PD-resistant grapes. This work documents the introgression of PD resistance from a homozygous resistant form of V. arizonica, b43-17. A total of 4,321 seedlings from 83 different crosses of resistant selections and high-quality V. vinifera cultivars from the F1 and first and second modified backcross generations (rnBC1 and mBC2) were screened with two to three flanking microsatellite markers (VVIP26, ctg1026876 and VMC2a5) in the early spring 2006 and 2007. The alleles linked to resistance were unique in size and were not shared by susceptible V vinifera selections. Based on the presence of unique resistant alleles, 1,683 seedlings from wine, table, and raisin grape background were selected. The distinctiveness of these resistant alleles allows the use of MAS to optimize the breeding of PD-resistant grape cultivars. C1 [Riaz, Summaira; Tenscher, Alan C.; Graziani, Rachel; Krivanek, Alan F.; Walker, M. Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ramming, David W.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93468 USA. RP Walker, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM awalker@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Food and Agriculture's Pierce's Disease Board FX Research funding from the California Department of Food and Agriculture's Pierce's Disease Board and the Louis P. Martini Endowed Chair funds is gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2009 VL 60 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 458SE UT WOS:000267043000010 ER PT J AU Ramming, DW AF Ramming, David W. TI Water Loss from Fresh Berries of Raisin Cultivars under Controlled Drying Conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE raisins; drying; water loss; cuticle; epicuticular wax ID THOMPSON SEEDLESS; GRAPES; WAX AB Traditional production of raisins by hand harvesting and drying grapes on paper trays is labor intensive and at risk to inclement weather. Dried-on-vine (DOV) raisin production uses mechanical harvesters and the risk of rain damage is reduced. Earlier-ripening raisin cultivars have been developed and released that are suited for this new production system. Raisin breeders would also benefit by knowing if there are differences in drying rates among cultivars. If raisin cultivars were both early ripening and had rapid dry rates, then they would be well suited for DOV raisin production. In a study over three seasons from 2002 to 2004, results showed significant differences among cultivars for drying rates. Summer Muscat, Diamond Muscat, and Primus dried the fastest and Thompson Seedless consistently dried the slowest. DOVine and Selma Pete were intermediate. Water loss was affected more by berry size than by Brix. Drying rate increased more by removing the epicuticular wax by a chloroform dip than by rubbing. Summer Muscat dried faster than Thompson Seedless even when wax was removed by chloroform or rubbing. Results indicate that skin characteristics in addition to epicuticular wax might play a role in the differences in raisin cultivar drying rate. There were large differences among cultivars in the amount of cuticle as compared to epicuticular wax. These findings show that breeding advances are possible in the development of raisin grapes with high drying rates. C1 ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ramming, DW (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM david.ramming@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2009 VL 60 IS 2 BP 208 EP 214 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 458SE UT WOS:000267043000011 ER PT J AU Garris, A Cousins, P Ramming, D Baldo, A AF Garris, Amanda Cousins, Peter Ramming, David Baldo, Angela TI Parentage Analysis of Freedom Rootstock SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grapevine; microsatellite; rootstock; parentage ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; WINE GRAPE; MARKERS; RECONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; IDENTITY; PROGRAM AB The rootstock Freedom is the offspring of two open-pollinated parents (1613-59 and Dog Ridge 5), sources of root-knot nematode resistance. As phylloxera has increased in importance in vineyards, the risk of Vitis vinifera-derived phylloxera susceptibility from the unknown pollen donors is a concern. To clarify the pedigree of Freedom, genetic profiles of 31 potential progenitors were analyzed with 30 microsatellite markers. We confirm the reported parent (1613-59) and grandparent (1613C) of Freedom and identify 3306C (V. riparia x V. rupestris) as the pollen parent of 1613-59. We were unable to identify the pollen parent of Dog Ridge 5. C1 [Garris, Amanda; Cousins, Peter; Baldo, Angela] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Ramming, David] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Garris, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM amanda.garris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [1910-21220-004-00, 1910-21220-003-00] FX This research was financially supported by the USDA-ARS (projects 1910-21220-004-00 and 1910-21220-003-00). NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2009 VL 60 IS 3 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 499AL UT WOS:000270188600012 ER PT J AU Cousins, P AF Cousins, Peter TI Quantitative Genetics of Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in a Vitis Rootstock Hybrid Population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM peter.cousins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2009 VL 60 IS 3 BP 387A EP 387A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 499AL UT WOS:000270188600024 ER PT J AU Onufrak, SJ Bellasi, A Cardarelli, F Vaccarino, V Muntner, P Shaw, LJ Raggi, P AF Onufrak, Stephen J. Bellasi, Antonio Cardarelli, Francesca Vaccarino, Viola Muntner, Paul Shaw, Leslee J. Raggi, Paolo TI Investigation of Gender Heterogeneity in the Associations of Serum Phosphorus With Incident Coronary Artery Disease and All-Cause Mortality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE-CELL CALCIFICATION; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; VITAMIN-D; MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS; HORMONE KLOTHO; NULL MICE; PHOSPHATE; RISK; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA AB Serum phosphorus levels in the general population have been reported to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and increased carotid intima-media thickness. The authors examined gender heterogeneity in the association of phosphorus with all-cause mortality and incident coronary artery disease using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1987-2001). Baseline phosphorus levels were higher in women and were associated differently among men and women with traditional atherosclerosis risk factors such as age, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In a multivariable-adjusted model, men in the highest quintile of serum phosphorus level (> 3.8 mg/dL) had an increased mortality rate (hazard ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.88), while women did not (hazard ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.57). The multivariable likelihood ratio test of effect modification by gender was significant at alpha = 0.1 (P = 0.085) for all-cause mortality. Although the associations of phosphorus with coronary artery disease also appeared to differ substantially by gender, the multivariable test for effect modification suggested that the difference was consistent with random variation (P = 0.195). These results suggest the need for further investigation into gender differences in the contribution of mineral metabolism to cardiovascular disease in the general population. C1 [Bellasi, Antonio; Cardarelli, Francesca; Vaccarino, Viola; Shaw, Leslee J.; Raggi, Paolo] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Onufrak, Stephen J.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Muntner, Paul] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. RP Raggi, P (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, 1365 Clifton Rd NE,AT-504, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM praggi@emory.edu RI Bellasi, Antonio/M-3744-2013 OI Bellasi, Antonio/0000-0001-7830-1645 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) FX The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study was conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the ARIC Study Investigators. The current analysis was carried out using a limited-access data set obtained by the NHLBI, and this article does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the ARIC study group or the NHLBI. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn285 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 390GL UT WOS:000262152200009 PM 18980959 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Carpenter, MA Hunsicker, L Jacques, PF Kusek, JW Levey, AS McKenney, JL Mercier, RY Pfeffer, MA Selhub, J AF Bostom, Andrew G. Carpenter, Myra A. Hunsicker, Lawrence Jacques, Paul F. Kusek, John W. Levey, Andrew S. McKenney, Joyce L. Mercier, Renee Y. Pfeffer, Marc A. Selhub, Jacob CA FAVORIT Study Investigators TI Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) Trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chronic kidney disease; renal transplantation; hyperhomocysteinemia; creatinine clearance; estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR); arteriosclerosis; diabetes ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM CREATININE; B-VITAMINS; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; RECIPIENTS AB Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia maybe a modifiable risk factor for the prevention of arteriosclerotic outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few clinical trials of homocysteine lowering have been conducted in persons with CKD before reaching end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplant recipients are considered individuals with CKD. Objectives: To describe the baseline characteristics of renal transplant recipients enrolled in a clinical trial of homocysteine lowering with a standard multivitamin containing high doses of folic acid and vitamins 136 and B(12) aimed at reducing arteriosclerotic outcomes. Factors considered were level of kidney function, total homocysteine concentration, and prevalence of diabetes and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD). Study Design: Cross-sectional survey within a randomized controlled trial cohort. Setting & Participants: Participants were recruited from kidney transplant clinics in the United States, Canada, and Brazil. Eligible participants had increased levels of homocysteine (>= 12.0 mu mol/L in men and >= 1.0 mu mol/L in women) and kidney function measured by means of Cockroft-Gault estimated creatinine clearance of 30 mL/min or greater. Results: Of 4,1110 randomly assigned participants, 38.9% had diabetes and 19.5% had previous CVD. Mean total homocysteine concentration was 17.1 +/- 6.3 (SD) mu mol/L, whereas mean creatinine clearance was 66.4 +/- 23.2 mL/min. Approximately 90% of the trial cohort had an estimated glomerular filtration rate consistent with stages 2 to 3 CKD (ie, 30 to 89 mL/min). Limitations: Analysis is based on cross-sectional data from a randomized controlled trial, self-report of comorbid illnesses, and level of kidney function was estimated. Conclusions: A large population of stable renal transplant recipients who are at high risk of the development of CVD (both de novo and recurrent) has been recruited into the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation Trial and are likely to experience a sufficient number of events to address the primary hypothesis of the trial. Am J Kidney Dis 53:121-128. (C) 2008 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 [Bostom, Andrew G.; McKenney, Joyce L.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Carpenter, Myra A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hunsicker, Lawrence] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. [Kusek, John W.] NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Levey, Andrew S.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Mercier, Renee Y.; Pfeffer, Marc A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Phys Off Bldg,Rm 242,593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM abostom@lifespan.org FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [U01 DK61700]; National Institutes of Health FX Support: Supported by cooperative agreement U01 DK61700 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Support also provided by the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. PamLab LLC of Covington, LA, provided the high-and low-dose multivitamins. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.08.010 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 390NY UT WOS:000262172200017 PM 19022547 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Adetona, O Hall, DB Dunn, KH Stock, A MacIntosh, D Achtemeier, GL AF Naeher, L. P. Adetona, O. Hall, D. B. Dunn, K. H. Stock, A. MacIntosh, D. Achtemeier, G. L. TI Forest Firefighter PM2.5 Exposure during Prescribed Forest Burns in the Southeastern United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naeher, L. P.; Adetona, O.; Hall, D. B.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dunn, K. H.; Stock, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. [MacIntosh, D.] Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Newton, MA USA. [Achtemeier, G. L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3663 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103016 ER PT J AU Dennis, MM Thomsen, BV Marshall, KL Hall, SM Wagner, BA Salman, MD Norden, DK Gaiser, C Sutton, DL AF Dennis, Michelle M. Thomsen, Bruce V. Marshall, Katherine L. Hall, S. Mark Wagner, Bruce A. Salman, Mo D. Norden, Dianne K. Gaiser, Charles Sutton, Diane L. TI Evaluation of immunohistochemical detection of prion protein in rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue for diagnosis of scrapie in sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; RECTAL MUCOSA; VARIANT CJD; TESTS; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; SAMPLES; BIOPSY AB Objective-To determine the suitability and estimate the sensitivity of an immunohistochemical (IHC) test for disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc) in biopsy specimens of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) for diagnosis of scrapie in sheep. Animals-762 sheep at high risk for having scrapie and indemnified by the National Scrapie Eradication Program. Procedures-The IHC test for PrP(Sc) was applied to 2 RAMALT and 2 third-eyelid biopsy specimens and a postmortem RAMALT specimen from each sheep. Results were compared with those of a reference test in which results for tissues from obex and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, tonsil, or both were considered in parallel. Results-The reference test identified 139 sheep as having scrapie. Biopsy-related complications occurred in 3 sheep. Sensitivity of the IHC test in RAMALT ranged from 85.3% to 89.4%, depending on the anatomic location from which RAMALT was obtained. Results for the test applied to 1 RAMALT specimen were similar to results interpreted in parallel for 2 third-eyelid specimens (sensitivity, 870%). The proportion of inconclusive test results attributable to insufficient lymphoid follicles in biopsy specimens was lower when considering results for 2 RAMALT specimens in parallel (10.1%) than when considering results for 2 third-eyelid specimens in parallel (23.7%). Specimens of RAMALT that were inappropriately collected from an area caudal to the rectoanal interface yielded a high proportion of inconclusive results (33.3% to 50.0%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The IHC test for PrP(Sc) in RAMALT was an effective means of detecting subclinical scrapie in live, high-risk sheep. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:63-72) C1 [Dennis, Michelle M.; Salman, Mo D.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Thomsen, Bruce V.; Hall, S. Mark] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Marshall, Katherine L.; Wagner, Bruce A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gaiser, Charles] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Sutton, Diane L.] Natl Anim Hlth Program, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Dennis, MM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 390MM UT WOS:000262168400008 PM 19119950 ER PT J AU Hessman, BE Fulton, RW Sjeklocha, DB Murphy, TA Ridpath, JF Payton, ME AF Hessman, Bill E. Fulton, Robert W. Sjeklocha, David B. Murphy, Timothy A. Ridpath, Julia F. Payton, Mark E. TI Evaluation of economic effects and the health and performance of the general cattle population after exposure to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus in a starter feedlot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS; RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; SEROLOGICAL TITERS; MUCOSAL DISEASE; TRACT DISEASE; WEIGHT-GAIN; CALVES; ONTARIO; ASSOCIATION AB Objective-To evaluate economic effects and health and performance of the general cattle population after exposure to cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a feedlot. Animals-21,743 high-risk calves from the southeastern United States. Procedures-PI status was determined by use of an antigen-capture ELISA (ACE) and confirmed by use of a second ACE, reverse transcriptase-PCR assay of sera, immunohistochemical analysis, and virus isolation from sera. Groups with various amounts of exposure to BVDV PI cattle were used. After being placed in the feedlot, identified PI cattle were removed from 1 section, but PI cattle remained in another section of the feedlot. Exposure groups for cattle lots arriving without PI animals were determined by spatial association to cattle lots, with PI animals remaining or removed from the lot. Results-15,348 cattle maintained their exposure group. Performance outcomes improved slightly among the 5 exposure groups as the risk for exposure to BVDV PI cattle decreased. Health outcomes had an association with exposure risk that depended on the exposure group. Comparing cattle lots with direct exposure with those without direct exposure revealed significant improvements in all performance outcomes and in first relapse percentage and mortality percentage in the health outcomes. Economic analysis revealed that fatalities accounted for losses of $5.26/animal and performance losses were $88.26/animal. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-This study provided evidence that exposure of the general population of feedlot cattle to BVDV PI animals resulted in substantial costs attributable to negative effects on performance and increased fatalities. (Am J Vet Res 2009;170:73-85) C1 [Hessman, Bill E.; Sjeklocha, David B.] Haskell Cty Anim Hosp, Sublette, KS 67877 USA. [Fulton, Robert W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Payton, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Murphy, Timothy A.] High Plains Consulting Inc, Dodge City, KS 67801 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hessman, BE (reprint author), Haskell Cty Anim Hosp, 1795 PP Rd, Sublette, KS 67877 USA. NR 50 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 390MM UT WOS:000262168400009 PM 19119951 ER PT J AU Patton, TG Sharma, VK Carlson, SA AF Patton, Toni G. Sharma, Vijay K. Carlson, Steve A. TI Evaluation of the control of pathogen load by an anti-Salmonella bacterium in a herd of cattle with persistent Salmonella infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ROCK-PAPER-SCISSORS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; FLUOROGENIC PCR; MICROCINS; ENTERICA; INVASION; SEROVARS; STRAINS AB Objective-To determine whether an anti-Salmonella bacterium is involved in control of pathogen load in persistently infected cattle herds. Animals-24 Holstein calves experimentally infected and 39 Holstein cows naturally infected with Salmonella spp. Procedures-An Escherichia coli (designated as P8E5) that possessed anti-Salmonella activity was isolated from Salmonella-negative bovine feces obtained from a herd with endemic Salmonella infection. In vitro analysis involved enumerating Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium coincubated with E coli P8E5. In vivo analysis involved coadministration of Salmonella spp and E coli P8E5 or an E coli control strain to neonatal Holstein calves. Fecal samples were collected on multiple days after inoculation, and quantitative PCR assay was performed by use of Salmonella-specific primers. Results-E coli P8E5 reduced viability of Salmonella spp in vitro. Shedding of Salmonella organisms was diminished in calves administered E coli P8E5, whereas the control strain of E coli had no effect on shedding of Salmonella organisms. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance In this study, an E coli strain was identified that possessed bacteriocin-like activity and was able to decrease viability of Salmonella organisms in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it is possible that this organism could be representative of native microbiota that dampen Salmonella spp in persistently infected cattle herds. (Am J Vet Res 2000;70:92-98) C1 [Carlson, Steve A.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Patton, Toni G.; Sharma, Vijay K.] ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU National Cattlemen's Beef Association FX Supported by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. Dr. Patton was supported in part by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association via the $1 per head checkoff from beef and veal producers. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 390MM UT WOS:000262168400011 PM 19119953 ER PT J AU Griffiths, P Shao, L Leytem, A AF Griffiths, Peter R. Shao, Limin Leytem, April B. TI Completely automated open-path FT-IR spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric monitoring; Open-path; Fourier-transform infrared; Automatic operation; Baseline correction; Wavelet transforms; Nonlinear response correction; Target factor analysis ID TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; LOW DETECTOR NOISE; QUANTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA AB Atmospheric analysis by open-path Fourier-transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectrometry has been possible for over two decades but has not been widely used because of the limitations of the software of commercial instruments. In this paper, we describe the current state-of-the-art of the hardware and software that constitutes a contemporary OP/FT-IR spectrometer. We then describe advances that have been made in our laboratory that have enabled many of the limitations of this type of instrument to be overcome. These include not having to acquire a single-beam background spectrum that compensates for absorption features in the spectra of atmospheric water vapor and carbon dioxide. Instead, an easily measured "short path-length" background spectrum is used for calculation of each absorbance spectrum that is measured over a long path-length. To accomplish this goal, the algorithm used to calculate the concentrations of trace atmospheric molecules was changed from classical least-squares regression (CLS) to partial least-squares regression (PLS). For calibration, OP/FT-IR spectra are measured in pristine air over a wide variety of path-lengths, temperatures, and humidities, ratioed against a short-path background, and converted to absorbance; the reference spectrum of each analyte is then multiplied by randomly selected coefficients and added to these background spectra. Automatic baseline correction for small molecules with resolved rotational fine structure, such as ammonia and methane, is effected using wavelet transforms. A novel method of correcting for the effect of the nonlinear response of mercury cadmium telluride detectors is also incorporated. Finally, target factor analysis may be used to detect the onset of a given pollutant when its concentration exceeds a certain threshold. In this way, the concentration of atmospheric species has been obtained from OP/FT-IR spectra measured at intervals of 1 min over a period of many hours with no operator intervention. C1 [Griffiths, Peter R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Shao, Limin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Leytem, April B.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Griffiths, P (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM pgriff@uidaho.edu; limin.shao@gmail.com; april.leytem@ars.usda.gov RI Shao, Limin/F-6096-2010 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2429-6 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 385RJ UT WOS:000261831000008 PM 18946664 ER EF